SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN SERI INTAN

KLUANG, JOHOR
INTERVENSI BIOLOGY
NAMA:
TINGKATAN:

1 Diagram 1.1 shows two regions, X and Y, which are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkanduakawasan, X dan Y, yang dipisahkanolehsatumembranseparatelap.

Diagram 1.1
(a) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, which region is hypotonic?
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, kawasanmanakah yang hipotonik?

[1 mark]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1(a)(i).
Berikansatusebabbagijawapandalam1(a)(i).

[1 mark]
(iii An equilibrium is achieved between regions X and Y after 15 minutes.
) Complete Diagram 1.2.
Keseimbanganantarakawasan X dankawasan Y tercapaiselepas 15 minit.
Lengkapkan Rajah 1.2.

Diagram 1.2

[2 marks]
(iv State the process which occurs in 1(a)(iii).
) Nyatakan proses yang berlakudalam1(a)(iii).

[1 mark]
 (b) A few slices of cucumber is immersed in a concentrated salt solution.
Beberapahirisantimundirendamdalamlarutangaram yang pekat.
(i) Explain why the above method is able to preserve the cucumber for a long period of time.
Jelaskanmengapakaedah di atasdapatmengawettimuntersebutbagijangkamasa yang panjang.

[2 marks]
(ii) Complete Diagram 1.3 by drawing the condition of the cucumber cell afer the preservation
process.
Lengkapkan Rajah 1.3 denganmelukiskeadaanseltimuntersebutselepas proses pengawetan.

Diagram 1.3

[2 marks]
(iii State the condition of the cucumber cell in 1(b)(ii).
) Nyatakankeadaanseltimuntersebutdalam1(b)(ii).

[1 mark]
(c) Give tworeasons why athletes are advised to drink isotonic drink during a competition.
Berikanduasebabmengapaahli-ahlisukandinasihatkanmeminumminumanisotoniksemasapertandingan.

1.
2.
[2 marks]

2 Diagram 2.1 shows the movement of substances P and Q across the plasma membrane respectively. The
movement of P requires energy but the movement of Q does not.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkanpergerakanbahan P dan Q merentasimembran plasma. Pergerakan P
memerlukantenagatetapipergerakan Q tidakmemerlukantenaga.

Diagram 2.1
(a) Name the processes involved in the movement of P and Q.
Namakan proses yang terlibatdalampergerakan P dan Q.

P:
Q:
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Give one example of P and Q.
Berikansatucontoh P dan Q.

P:
Q:
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe the movement of Q shown in Diagram 2.1.
Terangkanpergerakan Q seperti yang ditunjukkanpada Rajah 2.1.

[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows two types of cells, X and Y.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkanduajenissel, X dan Y.

Diagram 2.2
(i) Draw the appearance of each cell in hypotonic solution and hypertonic solution.
Lukiskankeadaansetiapsel di dalamlarutanhipotonikdanlarutanhipertonik.
Hypotonic solution Hypertonic solution
Larutanhipotonik Larutanhipertonik

[4 marks]
 (ii) Explain what happens to cell Y in 0.7% sodium chloride solution and 5% sodium chloride
solution.
Jelaskanapakah yang berlakukepadasel Q dalamlarutannatriumklorida 0.7% danlarutannatriumklorida
5%.
0.7% sodium chloride solution 5% sodium chloride solution
Larutannatriumklorida 0.7% Larutannatriumklorida 5%

[2 marks]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows a green mustard stem is cut into two equal strips and placed in solution X and Y
respectively.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan batang sawi dipotong kepada dua jalur yang sama saiz dan diletakkan di dalam larutan X
dan Y masing-masing.

Diagram 3.1
Diagram 3.2 shows the results obtained from this experiment.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen tersebut.

Diagram 3.2

(a) What are solution X and Y used in this experiment?

Apakah larutan X dan Y yang digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut?

X:
Y:
[2 marks]
(b) Identify solution X and Y.
Kenalpastikan larutan X dan Y.

X:
Y:
[2 marks]
(c) Describe the condition of the strips that are immersed in solution X and Y.
 Terangkan keadaan jalur yang direndam di dalam larutan X dan Y.

X:

Y:

[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 3.3 shows the condition of two plants P and Q which are added with fertilizer. Plant Q is
added with excess fertilizer.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan keadaan dua tumbuhan P dan Q yang diberibaja. Tumbuhan Q diberi baja secara
berlebihan.

Diagram 3.3

Explain the condition of plant Q in Diagram 3.3.

Jelaskan keadaan tumbuhan Q dalam Rajah 3.3.

[3 marks]
(e) A woman makes mango pickles by immersing mango slices in a concentrated sugar solution.
Seorang perempuan membuat jeruk mangga dengan merendam kepingan buah mangga dalam larutan gula
yang pekat.
State one advantage and twodisadvantages of the method used, compared to storing fresh mangoes.
Nyatakan satu kebaikan dan dua keburukan kaedah yang digunakan berbanding dengan menyimpan mangga
segar.
Advantage:
Kebaikan:

Disadvantages:
Keburukan:

[3 marks]

4 Diagram 4 shows the structure of the plasma membrane.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.
 Diagram 4
(a) Label the following parts of the plasma membrane on Diagram 4.
Labelkan bahagian-bahagian membran plasma yang berikutpada Rajah 4.
(i) Carrier protein
Proteinpembawa
(ii) Phospholipid bilayer
Dwilapisanfosfolipid
(iii Pore protein
) Proteinliang
[3 marks]
(b) State two characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer.
Nyatakan dua cirri dwilapisan fosfolipid.

[2 marks]
(c) (i) Glucose molecules are transported across the plasma membrane into the cell through facilitated
diffusion. Explain why.
Molekul-molekul glukosa diangkut k esel merentasi membran plasma melalui resapan berbantu. Jelaska
nmengapa.

[2 marks]
(ii) Describe how calcium ions are transported into the cell.
Terangkanbagaimana ion kalsiumdiangkutkedalam sel.

[3 marks]
(d) Give twofactors that affect the permeability of the plasma membrane.
Berikanduafaktor yang mempengaruhiketelapanmembran plasma.

[2 marks]
“YANG MUDAH KITA KERJAKAN SEKARANG, YANG SUSAH KITA KERJAKAN NANTI, YANG MUSTAHIL KITA
KERJAKAN ESOK”……… MIAU

JAWAPAN:
1 (a) (i) Region Y
Kawasan Y
(ii) More water molecules are found in region Y.
Lebihbanyakmolekul air didapati di kawasan Y.
(iii
)

(iv) Osmosis
Osmosis
(b) (i) - The salt solution is hypertonic to the cucumber cells. Water from the cells diffuse out by
osmosis.
Larutangaramadalahhipertonikterhadapsel-seltimun. Air daripadasel-seltimunmeresapkeluarsecara
osmosis.
- The cucumber becomes dehydrated. The dry condition is not favourable for bacteria growth.
Timunmengalamidehidrasi. Keadaan yang keringtidaksesuaiuntukpertumbuhanbakteria.
(ii)

(iii Plasmolysis
) Plasmolisis
(c) 1. To balance the body fluid
Untukmengimbangkancecairdalambadan
2. To replenish the fluid lost through sweating
Untukmenggantikancecair yang hilangmelaluiperpeluhan

2 (a) X: Active transport

Pengangkutanaktif
Y: Simple diffusion
Resapanringkas

(b) (i) X: Nitrate

Nitrat
Y: Oxygen
Oksigen
(ii) - The partial pressure of Q is higher in the alveolus than in the blood capillary.
Tekanansepara Q adalahlebihtinggi di dalam alveolus berbanding di dalamkapilaridarah.
- Q diffuses into the blood capillary following the concentration gradient.
Q meresapkedalamkapilaridarahmengikutarahkecerunankepekatan.

(c) (i) Hypotonic solution Hypertonic solution

Larutanhipotonik Larutanhipertonik
 X

(ii) 0.7% sodium chloride solution 5% sodium chloride solution

Larutannatriumklorida 0.7% Larutannatriumklorida 5%
Cell Y shrinks and crenates. Water
Cell Y maintains its shape. Water molecules move
molecules diffuse out of the cell by
in and out of the cell at the same rate.
Sel Y mengekalkanbentuknya. Molekul air
osmosis.
Sel Y mengecutdanmengalamikrenasi. Molekul
bergerakmasukdankeluardariselpadakadar yang sama.
air meresapkeluardariselsecara osmosis.

3 (a) X: Hypertonic solution

Larutanhipertonik
Y: Hypotonic solution
Larutanhipotonik
(b) X: 30% sucrose solution
Larutansukrosa 30%
Y: Distilled water
Air suling
(c) X: The strip becomes shorter, thinner and softer. The strip curves inwards.
Jalurmenjadilebihpendek, nipisdanlembut. Jalurmelengkungkedalam.
Y: The strip becomes longer, thicker, turgid and firm. The strip curves outwards.
Jalurmenjadilebihpanjang, tebal, segahdankeras. Jalurmelengkungkeluar.
(d) - Excess fertilizer will cause the soil water to be hypertonic towards the root hair cells.
Baja berlebihanmenyebabkan air tanahmenjadihipertonikterhadapselakarrambut.
- Water from the root hair cells diffuses out to the soil by osmosis.
Air daripadaselakarrambutmeresapkeluarkedalamtanahsecara osmosis.
- The cells become plasmolysed and leads to wilting.
Selmengalamiplasmolisisdanakhirnyalayu.
(e) Advantage:
Kebaikan:
- It keeps longer.
Iatahanlebih lama.
Disadvantages:
Keburukan:
- The sugar content of the food is too high.
Kandunganguladalammakananterlalutinggi.
- Some of the nutrients such as vitamin C are lost.
Sebahagiannutrienseperti vitamin C hilang.
4 (a)

(b) - Consists of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Mengandungikepalahidrofilikdanekorhidrofobik.
- The hydrophilic heads are facing the exterior and the interior of the cell.
Kepalahidrofilikmengadapkearahluardanarahdalam sel.
(c) (i) - Glucose consists of uncharged large-sized molecules which cannot pass through the
phospholipid bilayer.
Glukosaterdiridaripadamolekulbersaizbesar yang tidakbercas yang
tidakdapatmelaluidwilapisanfosfolipid.
- It needs a specific carrier protein to transport it across the phospholipid bilayer.
Iamemerlukan protein pembawakhususuntukmengangkutnyamelaluidwilapisanfosfolipid.
(ii) - By active transport.
Secarapengangkutanaktif.
- It needs energy which is produced by cellular respiration.
Iamemerlukantenaga yang dihasilkanolehrespirasi sel.
- Carrier proteins bind with the calcium ions and change their shape, thus carrying the ions
across the plasma membrane.
Protein pembawaterikatdengan ion kalsiumdanberubahbentuk, denganitumembawa ion
kalsiummerentasimembran plasma.
(d) - Selective barrier of the phospholipid bilayer.
Rintanganmemilihbagidwilapisanfosfolipid.
- Specific transport proteins build into the membrane.
Protein pengangkutkhususterbina di dalammembran.