4 0

0 ‘

C op y rig h t , 1910

b y R ob e r t M e rr xs Pie rce

Pu b l xs h t O ct ob e r , 19 10
 PR EFAC E

S c op e . T h xs b ook c on t a in s an a l f a b e t rc 11 st of a b ou t

n in e t e e n t h ou s a n d w ord s w h 1 ch p re s e n t s p e c ia l d i f ficu lt ie s or

v a r ia t ion s of p r on u n ci a t i on or sp e ll i n g . M an y of th e w or d s

m t h e l xs t a re d 1 ff1 cul t or v ar ia bl e 1 11 b ot h p r on u n cia t ion a nd

sp e lli n g .

The s t at e m e n t rs of t e n m ade t ha t m a ny E n gl r s h w or d s ,

e s p e c ia l l y m on osy l l a b l e s , a re a l r e dy sp e lt f on e t r ca l l y a nd

f
t h e r e or e p r e se n t no d 1 ff 1 cu l t ie s of e it h e r s pe l l i n g or p ro
n u n c ia t i on ; b ut t h rs st at e m e n t 1s r e a ll y n ot t ru e , u n le s s t h e

f on e t rc a l fab e t m m in d b e on e w h rch In I ts s t r u ct u r e rs

i
e s p e c a lly c on f or m d to t he ex 1 st 1 n g o rt h ogr a fy of th e En
g l r s h l a n gu a g e on l y , a n d u n l e ss t h ose w ho u se It a re s u p p os e d

to be a lr edy f a m 1 l ia r w rt h t he En g l z s h l a n gu age . Fr om a

c os m op ol i tan p om t of v ie w t he re rs h a r d ly a w or d 1n the

l a n gu age , e x ce p t i n g a fe w w e ak or u n st r e s t for m s , w h r ch rs

s p e lt f on e t rca lly . Ev e r y p re s e n t -
day E n gl r s h d xct i on a r y
m a y t hu s b e sa id to be a d i ct i on a r y of ha rd w or d s , and rt

b e c om e s e v zde nt t hat t he b ook b e f or e u s, b e m g l1m 1 t e d m

Its sc0p e , and m a d e f or t h e u se of t h e g e n e r a l pu b l r c , m u st
n e ce s s a ri ly b e r e s t r 1 ct e d t o a com p a r a t r v l y s m a ll v oc a b u l a ry .

A m on g t he w or d s t r e at e d are m any I r r e gu l ar pl u r a l s and

ot h e r de r1v a t 1 v s ; b ut n o at t e m pt h a s b e e n m a d e t o m a ke t h e
I n c l u s ion of su ch for m s a sp e c ia l fe a tu re of t h e b ook . Pr op e r
n ou n s h av e b e e n e x clu d e d . I am pr e p a rm g a s e p a ra t e l rs t of

t h e se , w rt h d e f r n 1 t i on s , Wh I C h I h op e t o p u b l z sh b e f or e l on g
u nder th e t it le of D 1 c t i on a ry o f Pr op e r N a m e s .

T h e p re se n t v olu m e c om b in e s m on e v oca b u l a r y p r a ct r c a ll y
a ll t h e w ord s t r ea t e d m s rm r l a r l xst s h i t h e rt o p u b l 1 s h t m d IC
" ‘

Q ) sr
qn
2 P R EF A C E
t i on a r i e s and m a n u al s, a nd con t a i n s , b e s id e s , m a ny w or d s

nev er be f ore t re a t e d m su ch 11 st s . Es p e c ia l re l ia n ce ha s b e e n

pla ce d u p on d at a En g li s h - Fr e n ch port of m y
con t a in d m t he

In t e r n a t i on al Fr e n ch - En gl xsh a n d En gl r s h- Fr e n c h D i ct i on a ry ,

In M u r r ay s
’
Ne w En gl r s h D i ct i ona ry on H i st ori ca l Pr 1 n c 1
p le s so for as a v a il a b l e (A t o s a u ce ) , a nd In Wh 1 t n e y s ’
C en

t u ry D i ct i on a ry ( 1 8 89

I ha v e b een f ort u na t e m s e cu r m g ce rt a i n v e ry v a lu ab l e

s u gg e s t ion s , and al so ce r t a in Sp e c I f I C cr 1 t 1 c1 8 m s , e s p e ci a l l y

m the le t t e r A , a nd In t hr s Pr e f ace , f rom G eorge H e m p] ,

pro f e ssor of G e rm a n i c l ology m St a n f ord U n r v e rs n y ,

C a l r f or n ia , w h om I c on S1 d e r on e of th e m ost accu r a t e of

f on e t l cia n s .

S p e l l xn g s . T he w or d - or m s f or sp e ll m gs gi v e n 1 11 t it l e

pl ac e a re I n t h e m a i n t h os e Wh I C h a r e m os t l ik e l y t o b e l ook t

f or b y t h e g e n e r a l r e a d e r U n d e r e ac h t it l e .
-
w or d are gi v e n
1 11 b rac k e t s t h e ot h e r cu r r e n t s p e l l i n gs of t h e w or d . In s om e

cas e s m e n t i on r s a ls o ma d e of sp e ll m gs n o l on ge r In cu r r e n t

u se . T he se a re c on f in e d m a i n ly t o ob s ol e sce n t f or m s and

f or m s v a lu ab l e b e ca u se m ore n e a r ly f on e t z c t h an t h os e In

cu r re n t u se .

C ogn a t e f orm s h av r n g th e sam e m ean m g as t he t it l e

w or d b u t d 1 ff e r 1 n g f rom It m p r on u n c ia t i on , a re c l a ss xf ie d
‘
sy n on y m ou s
’
as cog n a t e s . A m on g t h e v a r ia n t s pe l lm gs no

at t e m p t has b een m a de to g1v e a ll t he a p os t r of iz e d or

s p e c ia l ly a cce n t e d f orm s . A fe w of t he m or e c om m on on e s

h av e h ow been I n cl u d e d :
’ ’
b us tho z oo l ogy , b e l ov ed
' '

, e v e r, as , , , .

D ia l e ct xc s p e ll i n g s a re on ly occa s i on a l l y gi v e n .

Whe n a t it l e - w or d 18 of t w o or m or e p a r t s of s p e e ch , or

w h e n tw o or m or e t it le - w or d s a r e spe lt j u st a l ik e but a re of

d i ff e re n t p ort of s p e e ch , or of d 1 f f e re n t or r g m , or a re f or
a n y ot h e r r e a s on t r e a t e d s e p a r a t e l y , t h e old e s t pa rt of s p e e c h ,

or t h e l
old e s t t it e w
-
or d , IS p l a ce d fir st , t he ot h e r s f oll ow m g
s om e w ha t m t h e or d e r of t h e ir f i r st k n ow n a pp e a r a n c e m the

En gh s h la n gu a ge .

D e f xn xt i on s . To e n ab l e t he re ad e r e a s rl y t o id e n t xfy t h e
w or d w h os e s p e ll i n g or p r on u n cia t ion h e 18 se e k m g, s h or t de f
 P R EF AC E 3

1 n 1 t io n s h av e b e e n I n se r t e d I mm e dia t e ly a ft e r m ost of the

t it l e - w or ds . In m a ny ca s e s t h e d e f r n xt i on s h av e b e e n re d u ce d

to a m e re sy n on y m or cl a s s r f xca t ory w or d . Wh e n s e v e ra l

d e f 1 n 1 t ion s a re g 1 v e n , t h e ir ord e r 15 m t h e m a in h 1 5 t or 1 ca l ,

t he ol d e s t se n s e b e m g place d f i rs t , t h the m ore r e ce n t

s e n se s f ol low m g 1n t he se q u e n ce of t h e i r t e m p or al d e v e l op

m e nt . Fort u n a t ely t h r s s e q u e n ce 15 f
o ten cl os e l y id e n t z cal
w r t h t h e se q u e n ce of t h e ir l ogrca l d e v e l op m e n t .

P r on u n ci a t i on . T h e p r on u n ciat ion 15 In e v e ry case 1n

d r ca t e d b y a f u ll t e spe ll r n g
- . U n der e ach t i t l e -w ord a re

g 1v e n , In s om e w h at n or m a l iz e d or u n r v e r s a l iz e d f orm , I ts

m ost acce pt a b l e or p rop e r n a t u r a l p r on u n c ia t i on or p r on u n cia

t ion s cu rre n t t o-da y m t he En gl r sh - spe ak m g w or l d at l a rg e .

Wh e re s e v e r al p r on u n c i at ion s a re g1v e n w 1 t h ou t cl a s s xf z

c a t i on , t he f or m s f oll ow i ng th e fir st f or m a re u s u a l ly to be

c on 5 1 d e r d a s 1 n d 1 v 1 d u a l or l oca l v a r ia n t s m g ood u sa ge . L i tt le
heed 18 t ak e n of the m od r f rca t ion s w h r ch w or d s u n d e r go

w hen u se d In t yp e s of d r s c ou r s e d i ff e r e n t f r om t he n or m a l

t y pe . O n t he ot h e r h a n d , m u ch a t t e n t ion h as b e e n g 1 v e n t o
f u n c t ion al v a r ia n t s c on com i t a n t w 1t h ch a n ge s of m e ani ng or

s t r e ss, v a r ia n t s t ch e ach 1 n d 1 v 1 du a l u se s accor d m g as he

u s e s a w or d W1 t h t h 1 s or t h a t me ani n g, m t h rs or t h a t manner
or p os xt ion , or w 1 th t h 1 5 or t ha t d e gr e e or p os 1 t ion of st r e s s .

An I m p ort a n t cl a s s of v a r ia n t s 15 t hat of w or d s su c h as

a b s t r a ct w h 1 ch , w he n u se d pos t e r i or ly (t hat 15 , a ft e r a

w or d or s y ll ab le ha v r n g ch ie f s t re s s ) , are n or m a l l y s t re st on

t he la s t sy l l a b l e , as m t he se n t e n c e : t h e s c ie n ce of l og ic is

fi b
'
s t gze kt , b ut w he n u se d a n t e r ior l y ( t ha t 15 , be f or e a

w or d or s yl lab l e h av m g c h ie f st r e s s , a re n or m a l l y s t ra st on

the fir s t s y l la b l e , as m the s e n t e n ce : l og ic is an

’
a: b , s t raek t

s c i e n ce . By no means a ll v a r ia n t s of t h xs cl a s s hav e b e e n
I n cl u d e d . T h os e f
o t e n e st g1v e n a re j
a d e ct r v s , w h os e p r e d
r ca t z v f orm s d 1 f fe r 1n t hI S w ay f r om t he ir a ssu m pt rv ( or ,

as t he y a re f
o t en ca l d , a t t r xb u t r v) f orm s C om pou n d w o d s
. r ,

s u c h a s w ell - b r e d, w h 1 ch a re c h a r ac t e r i z e d b y t h1 5 sa m e m od e
o f v a ria t ion , a re g i v e n he re a nd t he r e m e re l y as e x a m pl e s of

g r ou p s of c a se s of l ik e k in d , m a n y of Wh IC h a re om 1 t t e d .
4 P R EF AC E
T he ca s e s of w ord s w 1 t h t h e p re fi x un a re so v e ry n u m e r ous

t ha t 1t has s c e m d w or t h w hil e t o 1 n cl u d e a c on 5 1 d e r a b l e n um

b er of t h e m or e c om m on or m or e 1 n t e r e st 1 n g of t h e m . Th e
pu r p os e of 1 n cl u d 1 n g t h e se and ot h r d e r 1v a t 1 v s a nd com
e
p ou n d s has usu a ll y b ee n to c a ll a tt e n t ion to t h1 s s p e cial

va r ia t i on or to s om e ot h e r s p e ci a l f eat u re . In t r e a t z n g t he
d e rxv a t 1 v s , t h e re f or e , I h a ve a v o1 d e d re p e a t 1 n g m in or v a ria

t ion s w h 1 ch a re al r e d y g1 v e n u n de r t h e or 1 g1 n a 1 w or ds e l se

w he re 1n t he v oc a b u l a ry .

T he r e c og m t ion a nd ca r e ul f t rea t m e n t of t h e se f e n om e na
I b e l ie v e t o b e , as I s a id 1a m y Fre n ch En gl rs h
-
and En gl rs h
Fr e n ch D i ct ion a ry P
( re f ace , pa ge an 1 m p or t a n t 1 n n ov a

t ion 1 n l e x 1 cog ra fy . Spe e ch , as act u a l ly u t t e rd , 1s fa r r 1 ch e r

1n su ch v a r ia n t s t h a n t h e c on v e n t i ona l r t ie s a nd 11 m 1 t a t ion s of

t he cu rr e n t ort h ogr a fy w ou l d m ost p e ople t o b e l ie ve

l e ad .

T h xs fa ct I h ope t o m a ke st 1 l l cl e a re r m a b ook w h 1 c h I 1 n

t e nd s oon t o pu b l r s h ; n a m e ly , a Fon e t 1 c D 1ct ion ar y of t he

B a gl 1 s h L a n gu age .

T he re 15 ce r t a in ly a b u n d an t opp ort u n r t y f or a n t a g on iz mg
t ho 1 n t ol e r a b l e pra ct 1 s e s of t h e old -
s ch ool l e x 1 cogr a f e r s 1a

t h1 s f ie l d . T he w or d -
b ook s 1n com m on u se a re w e i ght e d

d ow n w 1 t h a nt 1 q u a t e d f on e t 1 c n ot a t i on s , a n d f xl d W1 t h ort h o

g ra f 1 c , f 1 ct 1 t iou 5 , and sy s t e m a t 1 ca ll y e rr on e ou s p r on u n cia

t ion s . T h e s e b ook s a re In l a r ge m e su r e t h e cr e a t u r e s of a

c om m e rc ia l xs m w h os e p ol 1 cy 15 to conse rv a nd p e rp e t u at e
f on e t 1 c e r r or an d 1 n 1 q u 1 t y . T h xs pa l 1 cy h a s b e e n a d h e r e d t o
f or so l on g a p e r iod , a nd 15 s t i l l b e 1 n g ap pl ie d on s o v ast a

s ca l e , t h a t t h e p e cu l ia r sp e c ie s of p seu d of on e t 1 c w or d - or m sf
c h a r ac t e r iz m g t h e s e b ook s h a v e t ake n on a s acr e d n e s s com

p a ra b l e w 1th that of t he cu rr e n t spe ll1 n g 1 t se lf . T he an t 1

q u a t e d n ot a t ion u s e d , t he
f a n c1 fu l q ua l 1 t ie s a n d q u a n t 1 t ie s a s
s ign e d t he s ou n d s re p r e se n t e d , a n d t h e a v ow e dly f a l s e syll ab 1

ca t ion a n d s t r e ss d e p 1 ct ed a re p r e s e rv d w 1 t h s uch a n i gn ora nt ,

ob s t m a t e , a nd sa n ct 1 m on iou s 5 p 1 r 1 t , as to a pp e a r t ru l y r 1 d 1c

u l ou s t o m od e rn f on e t xcia n s .

No a t t e m pt ha s b e e n m ad e to r rn g a ll t he ch a n ge s on

n orm a l v ow e l q u al 1 t y a nd l e n gt h , s t re s s , a nd syl l ab 1 ca t ion

 P R EF AC E 5

w h 1 ch c on 5 1 st e n cy w ou l d re q u ire ; m u c h l e ss t o follow up ah

n or m a l form s of s p e e ch , su ch a s t h ose f ou n d 1n orat ory , d1c

t at ian , s xn gm g, d ia le ct , or ch il d -sp e e ch , or in t he b lu n d e rs
of f or e ign e rs l e a rn m g B a gl 1 sh , or t o con s xde r 1n d e t a il t h e
a s s 1 m 1 l a t i on a n d e l xsi on of s ou n d s 1 11 c on t rgu ou s w or d s .

T he p r on u n cia t i on g1 v e n of s e m 1 -
ore ign f w or d s 15 t h e ir

p r on u n cia t i on 1n t he s u d sy st e m
o n -
of th e B a gl 1 s h la n gu a ge ,
n ot t h e ir p r onu n ciat i on 1n t he s ou n d -sy st e m of t h e la n gu a ge
w h e n ce t he y w e re a d opt e d 1 nt o En gl 1 sh . For e xa m pl e , me n u
’
me j m e e , nj u , a n d n ot ma
’ ’
15 g 1v e n as ,
n au , or as ny ( as 1t 1s

p r on ou n ce d 1n Fr e n c h ) . Pr ob a b ly no ca s e 15 k n ow n of a

new e l e m e n t a ry ( f or e ign ) s ou n d b e 1 n g d 1 r e ct ly a d opt e d 1 nt o

a la n gu age . Sou n ds su ch as [y ] , r e p res e n t e d b y the (u ) of

t he Fr e n c h w or d m en u ,
or a s [ x] , r e pr e s e n t e d b y the ( ch ) of

t he Scot ch w or d l och a nd the G e rm a n w or d ac h , or as [a ]

r e pr e s e n t e d b y t he ( cc ) of t h e Ge rm a n w or d G oe t h e a nd by
t he ( eu ) of t h e Fr e n ch w or d pe u , w h1 ch a re f
o t e n sa i d t o a c

cu r 1n t h e se w or d s a s a d op t e d and u se d 1n t he En gl 1 sb l a n
gu a ge , d o n ot , 1 n r e a l 1 t y , s o occu r . T h e se s ou n d s do n ot form
a pa r t of t h e sou n d - sy st e m of th e En gl z s h l a n gu a ge . Sxm 1
l a r ly , b u t t o a l e s s d e gr e e , 15 t h 1 s t r u e of ce rt a in com b m a t i on s

of s ou n d s , a s 1 n 1 t ia l [ks ] , [ts] , [ ps ] . T ho 1t 1s p e r h a ps pos

sib l e f or m os t En gl 1 s h -sp e a k 1 n g pe rs on s W 1 t h ou t t r a in 1 n g, t o ,

u tt e r t h e s e s e q u e n ce s of sou n d s 1 n 1 t ia l ly , a n d t h o t h e s e s e

q u e n ce s a r e s om e t im e s a ct u a lly s o u s e d , as m ce r t a i n ra r e or

b ook 1 s h w or d s , t h e ir a d opt ion 1s m m os t ca se s r e s xs t e d .

Not e t h e r e b e lli on a ga in s t t h e u se of 1 n 1 t ia l [t s] 1n ts ar , cz a r

( z a zz , t sa zz ) 1n sp it e of t h e fact t ha t [t s] f
o t e n occu r s I n En
g l 1 s h b ot h m e d i a l a nd f in al .

A m on g t h e m a n y cl a s se s of w or ds I n t h e pr on u n cia t ion of

w h 1 ch t h e re 15 a d 1 st 1 n ct d 1 f f e r e n ce 1n u sa ge , t h e r e a r e s om e

cl a ss e s of v a st e xt e n t . O f s om e of t h e se e xt e n 5 1 v cl a sse s

m any e xa m pl e s a re g1 v e n 1n t h1 s d 1 ct ion a ry ; b u t of ot h e r s

on ly a n occa sion al e x a mpl e 1 5 gi v e n . O f s t xll ot h e r of t h e s e

cl a ss e s n o m e n t ion a t a ll 1 5 m ade . Word s e n d1 n g 1 n [ t Se z ] or

[ t ear ] , f or e x a m pl e , as n a tur e, c u l t u re, and w or d s lik e b as s,

l a u n c h, etc .
, a re f
o t e n n ot ed as hav 1 ng t w o or m ore d 1 st 1 nct
6 P R EF A C E
p ron u n cia t ion s . So w 1th w or d s h av 1 n g [ iou , j au , ec u ] , etc .
,

or [ au ] , et c .
, as ev ol u ti on , e n d u r e, n e w s, Tu es d ay . B ut a n

ot h e r ca se s , as of w ord s e n d 1 n g 1 n [ Se n ] or [ Sn ] like , n a t i on ,

a ss ocia t i on , or m [ 1 z am , a z am ] , et c .
, or [1z m , aaz m ] , et c .
, l ike
p ris m ,
os tr ac is m, s p as m , etc or h a v 1 n g [ ak , 3 9 ] or [1 k ,

a s ch a r a c t er, ob s t acl e, A l exa n dr in e, l 1 tt le or n o p r om m e n ce 1s

g1 v e n t o t he matte r .

In cl a s s 1 fy 1 n g t he pronu n ciat ion s of a w or d as B r1 t 1 s h ,

Ir1 5 h , Scot ch A m e r 1 ca n , le ss p r ope r , 1 mpr ope r

, ,
v u l ga r , et c
.
,

it 15 n ot m e n t t h a t t h e r e a d e r s h ou l d 1 n t e r p r e t t h e se t erm s

m t oo n a rr ow or e xact a m an ne r . As a ge n e r a l ru l e , A m en
ca n u sa ge 1 5 grv e n t h e pr e f e re n ce an d 1 s pl a ce d f ir s t , w 1 t h ou t

b e 1 n g m a r kt . U sa g e m a rk t as B r 1 t 1 sh m ay b e comm on or

n or m a l a l s o 1 n Ne w En gla n d or m ot h e r p a rt s of t h e En gl 1 s h
s pe a k mg w or l d . U s a ge m a r kt as d ia l e ct al , v u l ga r , or 1m

p rope r m ay s om et i m e s b e h e a rd 1n t he s p e e ch of a cu lt u re d

p e rson . M a ny se co n d a ry for m s w h 1 ch a re l e ft u n cla ss 1 f ie d or

w h 1 ch a re cl ass1 f ie d as
‘
l e ss p r ope r ,
’
etc .
, m i gh t u p on furt he r
1 n v e s t 1 g a t ion as t o t h e pr opr ie t y a n d e xt e n t of t h e ir pa s t an d

p re s e n t u sa ge p rov e t o b e e it h e r (1) e q u a lly p r op e r , b u t l e s s

f re q u e nt , ( 2 ) m ore pr ope r , t h o l e ss freq u e n t
( 3 ) b ot h m ore ,

prope r and m ore freq u e n t , (4

) d ia l e ct al v a ria n t s or ( 5 ) fu n c ,

t i on a l v a ria n t s . O f t risy llab l e s lik e b e a ut i ful , d u p lica t e,

e q u a l ly , p r ot e us p u r ity , , etc .
, 1 t m ay b e s a id to be p r ob abl e
t hat t he se con d pr onu n cia t i on g rv e n ( n a m e ly , that W1 t h a

s h or t v ow e l 1 n st e d of a d 1 ft h on g 1n the fir s t s y l l ab l e ) r e p re

se n t s a m ore fr e q u e n t an d a b e t t er usa ge t h an t h e first p ro

n u n c ia t ion ( w h 1 ch 15 t he on ly f orm met w 1 th 1n e x1 5 t 1 n g

d 1 ct i on a rie s ) .

A mon g t he sou n ds a nd sh ad e s of s ou n d w h 1 ch 1n t h1 s d 1c
t ion a ry are e it h e r n ot m a rkt at a ll , or but r a r e ly m a r kt , m ay
b e m e n t ion d t h e f ollow m g :
1 .T h e glot t al st op [ P] 1 5 q u it e com m on 1 n B a gl 1 sh It .

o ft e n occu r s 1 n 1 t ia l b e f or e st r e st v ow e l s a n d s om e t i m e s oc ,

c u r s f in a l 1 n ce r t a i n f or m s of t h e w or d y e s It 1 5 ra re ly . .

m a rkt 1 n t h 1 s b ook .

2 .T h e ce n t ra l st op as m t h e w or d g ig ( g1 g) 1 s a s om e
w hat d1 ff erent sound from t he b ack st e p as 1 a go ( 900)
 DI CTIO N ARY O F HARD W O RD S 7

a cr o a m a d e cla m a t ion [plu r a l a cr oa m a t a ] ae ks o e e -m a ’

n .
.

a cr oa m a t a n (p l l f m ) k m
’
u ra o . a c r o a a a e s o zc a -
ta .

a c r o a m a t i c a dj ( a b st ru se ) ae ks o a m aau k
’
-
. .

a c r o a s is n [p l l ] k
’
u ra . a c r o a s e s a s o e e -
5 1s .

a cr o b a t i s m n
'
& ks a-b zc t - 1 z s m
’
. e ks a b a - t 1 z a m
a ,
-
.

a c r o n y c h a l a dj ( i )
’
o cc u rr n g a. t s u n se t a k s o n 1 -
k al .

( i
’
a cr o p o l i s n c t a d e l ). a k s o p hs
a -
.

a c r o s s pr e p [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e cr oss ; v u lg a r s y n on y m ou s
.

cog n a t e s a cr oss e d , a cr os t ] s k s o zs ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) a ks c zs

’ '
.

[ a ls o sp e lt a cr ot e r e ] o ks oo t az za k s a t az
’ '
a cr o t e r n .
-
,
-
.

ac t i n i f o r m
a dj ( ra d ia t e ) ae k t 1 n 1 f a ze m ae k t 1 n 1 f a ze m
’ ’
- -
.
, .

a c t i v e a dj ch a ra ct e r iz e d b y a c t i on [ a l s o s p e l t a c t iv ] se kt 1 y
’
. .

( on e w h o a ct s ) aek t s z ; ( r a r e ly in l a w ) aek t ozz

' '
a ct o r n . , .

a c t u a l a dj a kt S u al , ( r a p i d l y )
' ’
.
-
ae k t S s l ; ( a ls o ) a kt eu ol -
.

a c t u a l i z e 11 [ a ls o s pe l t ac t u a l is e ]
’
. aekt S u a la 1 z - -
.

a ct u a l l y a dv & kt S u a l x, ( r a p id ly )
'
aek t S
’
-
.
-
o 11 -
.

a cu m e n ( ) m
’
k -m
’
n ac u t.e n e s s a c u u -
a n ; ( ill i t e r a t e l y) a
e k e u an .

a cy c l i c a dj ( n ot cy clic ) 9 5 1 k L 1 k
’
. .

( p it h y sa y i n g ; b ri e f p rov e rb ) ae d 1 d 5
’
ad a g e n . .

d j i
’
ada g i a l a a d e e -
d s al
.
-
.

j ( l ) s o ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly )
’ ’
ad a g i o a d v , a d s .o w a d a .z- d s ,o a d a z -
d i -

d
’
so
-
a e e .

m ( d m i d m a: n t , Ce d e m e n t
’
ad a a n t n h a r . n e r a l ) a e o - -
.

ada m d j d m i
'
a n t e a n a a a -
ac u t 1 -
ou . .

a d a m a n t in e [ a l s o sp e lt a d a m a n t i n ] a d o m ae n t l n ; ( l e s s
’
n .

f
o te ) n a d a
’
m a n -
t a m , ( r a r e l y) a d a
’
m a n -
t in .

A d a m i c a dj ( of A d a m ) a d a m 1 k
’
. .

a d a p t a t i v e a dj a d a p t iv [ a l s o s p e l t a d a pt a t iv ] o dae p t a- t w
’
. .

Adar n (.H e b re w m o n t h )
’
e e -
d az .

a d d a b l e a dj [ a l s o s p e lt a d d i b l c ] fi n d s b at
'
-
. .

m t ( m h i d d d
’
) d m d m an t
’
ad d i t a e n n s o e t n g
. a e a x t a -
a n t z
c 1 t a -
, .

’
d
’
ad d r e s s n a r e. s se -
d re s , .

’
a d d r e s s 11 a dt e s . .

a d d r e s s e d a dj [ a ls o s p e lt a d d r e s t ] a d re s t
’
. .

( b rin g f or w ar d ) a dj ou s ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) a d suu s
’
a d d n c e 11
'
. .

l j [
'

ad d u ce a b d l l i ] a dj -b
’
e a a s o sp e t a dd
. u c b l e o u -
s a al .

a d e l o p o d n [ s y n o n y m. o u s c o g n a t e a d e l o p o d e ] a d e l a -
p od
’

a d xi -l o-p od
’
.

a d e n i f o r m a dj a d e n x f a ze m , a d i n i f a ze m
' ’
- -
. .

ad e n i t i s n a d 1
’
n a .1 -
t 1 s ; ( l e s s p r o p e r l y) a d 1
’
n 1 i -
t 15
a d e n o s e a dj ( ful l of gla n d s ) ze d 1 n oos ( a s s u m pt w ly ) sad r
’ ’
.
,

n o s.

( a n i m al f a t ; l a r d ) d e ps
’
ad e n zc -
p s . .

(1: la w f u r , a cat 0 h ot o1 b oy ; a : f a r a o n ow a : a s k 8 1 ki e ;
, a: , , , , ,
‘

- m a rk
le n gt h ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e c e d xn g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
st r e s s m a r k
- 1 nd 1 ca t e s ch i e f s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow m g syl l a b l e .
8 PR E FA CE
9 T
. h v i
e s e e ra l v a r e t i e s o f m 1 d -
ce n t r a l v ow e l s ou n d s , a s m

t h e w or d s g ov e r n l e ng t h en t ac kl e
A nna ob ey a r e n ot d e f 1 n 1 t ly d 1 ff e r e n t ia t e d 1 a

En gl 1 s h , a n d p e r h a p s n e v e r w fl l b e T h e y a re , t h e r e ore , all . f
r e p r e se n t e d w 1 t h s u fic ie n t a ccura cy f or t h e pu rp os e s o f t h rs
f
b ook b y t he s 1 a gl e l e t t e r ( a ) .

. f
1 0 H al - l on g v ow e l s T h e v ow e l [ a ] b e ore [ z ] f ol low d by
. f
a v o1 ce l e s s s t op , a s [ k ] , a n d a w e a k sy ll a b l e , a s m t h e w ord
m a r ke t ( m a z k 1 t , m a :z -k 1 t ) , m ay b e sa id t o b e n or m al ly h al f
' '

lon g S1 m 1 la rly w 1 t h t h e v ow el [ a ] b e ore [ 3 ] foll ow d b y a

. f
v o1 ce l e s s s t op , or b y [ n ] , [ l ] , or [ d sl , a n d a w e ak syl l a b l e , as

m t h e w or d s cu r ta in le a r n e d e a r ly

cl e r gy re sp e ct 1 v ly A s n o s y mb ol 1 5 u s e d I n t h 1 s
.

f
b ook f or h al -l e n gt h , t h e v ow e l s [ a ] a n d [ a ] . w h e n r e al ly h al f
f
l on g, a r e o t e n m a rk t as s h ort on ly , or a s e it h e r sh ort or lon g,
t w o t e - s pe ll m gs b e 1 n g g 1 ve n 1 n t h e l a t t e r ca se .

11 . W
e a k v o1 ce l e s s con s on a n t s h a v e f or con v e n i e n ce b ee n

cl a st a s v o1 ce d or v o1 c e l e s s a ccor d m g a s t he p r ece d m g s ou n d

15 y a 1 ce d or v oxcel e s s , a s m h is ( h 1 z , ra t he r t h an h rs ) , e dg e d

( e d sd , ra t h e r t h a n e d t S) b u t , s cr a t c h e d ( sks r t St ) . Su ch s ou n ds
are su sce pt ib l e of a m ore a ccu r a t e t r e at m e n t .

P on e t xc N o t a t i on . Th e s ou n d s of s p e e ch are n ot e d 1n

t h 1 5 d 1 ct ion a ry b y m e a n s of a sy st e m of l e t t e rs w h 1 c h f or
, o
c n

v e n ie n ce , a re a rra n ge d 1n the or d e r g, k , etc . T h1 s syst e m

of l e t t e rs , s o a rra n ge d , I h av e n am ed g a m m a k ap ( fr om ga m
ma and ka pp a ) , by a n a l ogy to the w ord a l a b e t,
f w h 1 ch
d e n ot e s a s ys t e m of le t t e rs a r r a n ge d 1n t he or d e r a, b ( or
f
al a , b et a) , et c . Th e sy s t e m 15 e s se n t iall y ide n t 1 ca l w 1 th

t he 1 n t e r n a t ion al a l fa b et a ss e m b l e d a b ou t t he ye a r .1 886 b y
Pau l Pa s sy of Pa rr s ( pa r t l y f rom e l e me nt s con t a in d 1n t he

p r e v iou s f on e t 1 c a l fa b e t s of H e n ry Sw eet an d ot h e r s ) , a nd

f ost e r d s m ce t ha t t im e by t he In t e r n a t ion al Fon e t r c As

s ocia t ion ( 2 0 ru e de la M a d e le in e , B our— la -R e in e , Se in e ,
Fr a n ce ) . In t h 1 s d 1 ct ion a ry a nd 1a p r e v i ou s pu b l 1 ca t ion s I
ha v e f u rt h e r a m pl 1 f ie d a nd m od 1 f ie d t h 1 s sy st e m of f on e t 1 c
n ot a t ion , m old m g 1t 1 nt o a su n m ore d el 1 cat e a n d u se ul f 1n

st ru m e n t of precxsion .

B el ow a re t w o t ab l e s . T he first t abl e show s t h e m ore rm

p ort a nt l e t t e rs of t he u n rv e r sa l ga m m ak ap, a rran ge d so a s to

g1v e s om e ide a of t h e pl ace an d m a n ne r of art rcul at ion of t h e

sou n d or grou p of sou nds w h 1 ch e ach sy mbol re pre se n t s . B e

 P R EF A CE 9

s id e s t he sy m b ol s ( l et t e rs) f or 1 n d 1 ca t 1 n g t he ha m s ou n d

q u a l rt ie s , w h 1 ch con st rt u t e t he ga m m a k a p pr ope r , t h1 s un1

v e r sa l sy st e m 1 n clu d e s , of cou r se , ot h e r s y m b ol s ( m od 1 fie r s ) ,

f or 1 n d 1 ca t 1 n g v o1 ce l e ss n e ss , n a s al rt y , and w h xs pe r , and t he

v a r iou s d e gr e e s of l e n gt h , st re s s , a n d p 1 t ch . The s e con d t ab l e

s h ow s t h e l e t t e r s of t h e B a gl1 s h ga m m a k a p , w 1 t h e x a m pl e s of
w or d s con t a in m g t h e s ou n d s w h 1 ch t h e l e t t e rs re p re se n t . In
a fe w ca se s , e xa m pl e s f r om f ore ign l a n gu a ge s hav e b ee n
a dd e d , to s h ow t h e occu rr e n ce of p ra ct 1 ca lly t h e sa m e s ou n d s

1n t h os e t on gu e s .

G A M M A KA P

ash p fiy m th pofl ton fl m thd r h teu

lo P R EF AC E

E N G L I SH G u am

St r i d e n t s

S hu t

g ood ( god ) l inge r , w r iggl e gig ( grg) .

c ook ( k u k ) kic k ( k 1 k )
, , bu n k ( b A lj k ) , t ic k l e k e ep
( k xip ) .

d id ) d ) ) m e d dle
'
dee d ( 1 w i n d ( w
, 1 n w i d e n ( w a 1 -d a
, ,

b ol d ( b ool d ) .

ta ug h t ( t czt ) , h in t ( h 1 n t ) t ) b e l t ( b e lt ) .
’
w hi t e n ( w a x- n
, ,

w hit t le

b ib ( b xb ) t him bl e
,

Pe e p ( p xip ) lime ( l i m p )
.

Fr i c a t i v

w ho ( huu ) , h ou se ( ha us ) h it ( h 1t ) , .

ye (j 1 i ) y ou ( j uu ) d e w ( dj uu ) ; G e r m a n j u n g (j un)
, , .

cu r e ( k cu zz ) p u re ( pea ze ) ; G e r m a n i c h ( 1 c)
, .

d ry ( dra x) , l au n d ry ( l c zn -da )
’
.

a x) , pa s t ry ( p e e -s t g1 )
’
t ry ( t x .

h 1 i—b an ) , ith ( w xb ) ; Spa n r s h t od os

'
t h is he a t he n ( w

t hin ( 0m ) , my t h ( m 1 0) , w id t h ( W1 d 9 ) ; Spa n rsh g r acia s

a z u re j u dge ( dss ds) Fr e n ch j e It al ia n

gi a ( d su ) .

s h oe ( Sou ) che w ( t Suu ) ; Fr e n ch ch ic ( Sik ) ; G e r m a n

,

Sc h u h ( S u z) ; It a l ia n ci n q u e ( t S
inz kw e ) ; Spa n r s h m a
'
-

ch o

s e al ( z ril ) , r os e ( zooz ) , his ( h rz ) .

s is t e r

v iv id of ( ov ) .

fife ( fa 1 f) .

w in ( w xn ) , dw i n d l e
w hen (w en ) , q u ick ( kun k ) , t w ine ( tw am ) .
 P R EF ACE ll

S on or a n t s

N as al
l ong ( l ogo) , l on ge r ( l ozn-gaz ) , b a n k ( ba nk )
'
.

ka zz -d a - l ) ,
'
-d a -s e
gard en e r ) ca r d i n al (
'
n un ( nA n ) , ( ga zz ,

h in t (h 1 nt ) .

s n a re ( s n a zz ) .

ma im ( m e e m ) triu m p h ( t gai-am f ) li m p ( i 1 m p)
'
.
, ,

h u m p h ( 11 m ) s m e a r ( s u xzz ) , .

O ral

lull ( l A l ) , ca rd in al k a zz -d a -l ) , t a t tl e
’
(
pl a y ( p a c e ) , sl ow

r ed (z e d ) , c ar e ar t h ( s zz O ) , v e ry

fr e e ( fa1 i) , t hr ow

R em n an ts

H ig h clos e -

h oe v e r s h oe (S ) , t ( j n rt ) , cow e r
’
w ou u n i ou -

( ka u az ) ; Fr e n ch t ou t ( t u ) , t ou r ( t u za ) ; G e rm an Z u
'
-

fall
e at ( 1 it )
' '
r e act s coriae ( s ka z b u oy a n t ( b oi
,

an t ) ; Fre n ch a i ( n i ) p i r e ( piza ) ; G e r m a n L i e d ( li zt )
, .

H ig h-open
f ull ( fol ) , p oor ( p u zz ) , sh oe ( Sou ) , u n it e G er

man M u ff ( ma f ) .

p ity hat e d ( b e e -t r d
), a xi s f or e ign
ca rri a ge se n a t e
it ( 1 0 , ear ( rzz ) , eat ( xit ) , h igh ( h e r) , w hy (w a1) , b oy
( b o1 ) ; Ge r man b in ( b rn ) .

M i d- cl os e

p oet ic ( n oot ) Fr e n ch p ot ( po)

‘
n ot e ; cot e ,

( kozt ) ; G e r man Sohn It a l ia n l e on e ( le oz-n e )

’
.

ov er (
’
a o-v az ) , so af (
'
s oo- f a ) ag a i n
, t r u is m ( t gu u
’

z am c h ocol a t e ( t S
'
,
1 ) , t ak e n ok a -l at ) ch e st ,

n ut t a ckl e
s e t e al ( e 1 z-r i-al
) gat e ( ge e t ) ; Fr e n ch et e
' '

, G er
ma n Re h ( ne z) ; It a l ia n p e re ( pe z-t e ) ’
.
IZ DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
m ant , gz ae n d u m a nt , e ge an -d a u m an t ; ( im p r op er ly )
' ’
a -
a -

d
'
a gz a
e n -
a xz -
m a n t.
dis e [ al s o sp e l t ]
’
a g gr an v . aggr a n d is e aege an -d a xz ; ( l ess
p r op er ly ) a
’
ge a n -d
a xz .

a g gr i e v e v .
gr ie v e , d ist re ss , a fflict , oppr e ss [p a st pa rt xc xpl e
a nd ] gz xiv
’
pre t er 1t a ggr i ev e d a .

a g h a st j [ als o sp e lt a g as t ]
’
ad . a ga zst .

m im g ] d
’ ’
a g i l e a d j [ a l s o , s o .e t e s s p e l t a i l a 1
3 ,l as-
d sa rl , .

md s1 - l x a d 3 1 l - l 1 z - d sa rl -l r
’ ’ ’
a g i l e l y a dv . , .

a gi n g n [ a l s o s p e.l t a g e in g] e e -d n
3 ) .

ied si o, e e - d si- o ( s om e
’
a g i o n ( ra t e of e x c h a n g e , e t c ) a d so
' '
-
. .
, ,

t i m e s ) a z-d si- o
'
.

( s pe cul a t ion ; s t ock j a b b in g ) z dsi a u d s e e

'
a g i ot a g e
’
-
n .
- -
,

d 3 i-a-t 1 d3 .

a g i s t e r n [ a l s o sp e l t a gis t or ] a d sxst az
’
. .

aglet n m e t a l t a g of a la ce [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s a igu l e t

.
,

]
’ ’
a igl e t e gl a t ,
a e e - gl at .

l e dge ; ow n ) z g n a 1 z
’
a gn is e v. ( a ck n ow .

A g n o e t a e n pl [ a ls o s pe lt A gn oé t a e ] a gn o 1 i -t i
’ ’

. . .

s a m e m e a n xn g a s agn oi t e s
’
a g n oe t e s n pl ze g n o -
it s . . . .

a g n o i t e s n pl [ s n on y m ou s c og n a t e a g n oe t e s ] a
. .
'
y
e g n o- a xt s .

m i [p m m an
’
a gn o e n n a dd t i o n a l n a m e l u
. r a l a g o
n i n a] e g n o o- .

a g n om i n a fl (p m m
’
l u r a l o f a g n o e n ) a g
. n o 1 -
na .

a g n o s t i ci s m
’
z g n os t 1 s xz a m ;
’
( l y)
-k 1
n -
err o n e ou s . aeg n os t 1

z am .

A g n n s D e i n ( L a m b of G od ; C h ri st ) a gn as d 1 i- a 1
'
. .

[a o sp
l l is ]
'
a g on i s e v s e t ag on e . ze g n a rz
a -
.

a g ou t a n ( i n s e ct iv or ou s m am m a l , Sol e n od on para d oxu s)

.

'
a g u u -
t a.
t i n r od e n t [ a l s o s p e lt a g u t i a g ou ty ] a g u u -t 1
'
a g ou .
, .

[
’
a g r a r i a n is e v a l s o s p e l t a g r a r ia n i s.e ] a g z e z-
z i-
a -
n a rz .

e gz x k A l t S sa m e m e a n xn g a s a g r i
'
a g r i cu l t u r a l i s t n a az a l xs t .
-
.

c u l t u r is t .

a g r i c u l t n r i s t n a gu k A l t S
’
a- a s t . .

c c - gj u ; ( v u lga r ly ) e e - gj a
’ ’
a gu e n . .

a h i n t erj a .

( l ess d e lib e r a t e ly) a ha

’
a h a in t e rj 0 ha : .

a h e a d a d v [ a l s o s p e lt a h e d ] a h e d
’
. .

a h ya n ( t h e. on e -
e a r i s h , o f a p a n )
'
a z-
i a y f J .

( t h re e t e d s ot ) h i
'
ai n .
-
o l a z-
.

ai n ( a b yn ) a r
. .

a i a i a n t h e r os e a t e s p oon b il l [ a l s o s pe l t a yay a , aj a i a , a j aj a ;
.

y
s n on m ou s c og y n a t e a i a i a i ] a i
’
a i -
a .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t hin ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; ,

t o w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u l l ou ool 1 it , 1 i se e ;
.

f , f ,

o p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e n a l , a b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
 P RE F ACE I3

( d rf a iu an s ) f e v e r f ew ( t 1 i
’
ia a s m e m olu m e nt
’
-
, ,

( m i t ) ; ia z a s m lu re ( li u ze ) ; is
’
l -m an
I a a , as m b e hav ior ,

b h -v i z
’
( r e e a ) .

B e s id e s th e se s 1 xt e e n n or m al d 1 ft hon g5 , t he re 15 t he on e

n orm al t r 1 f t h ong, iou , f

a t er [v ] , a nd [ f] , as I n li e u ( lion ) ,

v ie w ( viou ) , an d f ew ( f iuu ) .

B e sid e s t he sxxt e e n n orm al d 1 ft h on gs a nd t he n orm al t r1 f

t hong m e n t ion d a b ov e , t he r e al s o occu r , e it h e r 1n w id e - sp r e d

u s age or m w e ll -k n ow n l ocal u sa g e , t h e d 1 f t h on gs c x, as m b oy
( b c1 ) ; e a, a s 1 a car e (ke a) ; s o, a s m m or n ( m e a n ) ; as as m
,

d oor ( d ue ) ; 1 9 , as m h e r e ( h xa ) ; a s , a s m p oor ( p o o) , e tc ; .

a n d t h e t r 1 ft h on gs 1 ia m q u e e re st ( k w 1 ia e rst ) ; a ua, as
’
-
as ,

m flou r m ( kw a i a-z rn ) and

’
a ia , as i n q u ir i n g 1n ,

a ia , a s m d e siri n g ( d 1 ’
z aia -z 1 n ) .

D u r a t i on . Ext r a l e n gt h , or du rat ion , of e l e m e n t a ry

s ou n d s , e sp e cia l ly 1n t h e ca s e of v ow e l s ou n d s , 15 1 n d 1 ca t e d

b y t h e l e n gt h -m a r k ( )
z pl ace d j u st a ft e r t he l e t t e r r e p r e se n t

rn g t h e s ou n d 1 n q u e st ion , a s m p a l m ( pa zm ) l a u d ( l c zd ) a i r
, ,

( e zz ) , z ygosp or e z)
a n d 1 a t h e 1 n t e rj e ct i on s h ( S .

Sy l l a b xca t i on an d St r e s s . Th e v a r iou s e le m e n t a ry

s ou n d s of sp e e ch , w he n ut t e rd m any se r ie s or s e q u e n ce ,

w 1 t h ou t 1 n cr e a s e or d 1 m 1 n u t ion 1n t h e st re n gt h of t h e b r e t h

1 m pu l se , poss e ss v a r ious d e gr e e s of ( 1 n h e re n t ) re l a t 1 v so

n o r1 t y . T he v o1 ce d s ou n d s a r e m ore s on or ou s t ha n t he v o1 ce

l e ss s ou n d s ; the s on ora n t s are m or e s on or ou s t h an t h e st ri

d e n t s ; t he r e s on a n t s a re m ore s on orou s t h an t he s on ora n t s .

A nd j us t as t h1s 15 t ru e am on g t h e l a r ge r cl asse s of sou n d s ,

so al s o 15 1t t ru e a m on g t he s m a ll e r g ou p s
r of s ou n d s an d

a m on g t he 1 n d 1 v 1 d u al s ou n d s .
( Se e t he U n rv e r sa l Gam m a
k a p , page 9 , ab ov e .
)
A s y ll ab le 15 a prom r n e n ce of s on or ou sn ess or l oudn e ss
a w a ve , a s 1 t w e r e , of s on orxty , r i5 1 ng a b ov e t h e ge n e ra l l e v e l

of spe e ch .

A n y e le m e n t ary e
spe ch-sou n d u t t er d by 1 t se l f , 1a a s xn gl e

h - m u
b re t r p l se of u n r f orm or only grad u a lly ch a n g1 n g st r e ngt h ,

con s t r t ut e s a s m gle sy l lab le . A gr ou p con s xs t rn g of t w o or

I 4 P R E F ACE
m ore e le m e nt a ry s ou n d s u t t e r d 1n se q u e n ce con st rt ut e s e i t h er

on e sylla b le , or m ore t h an on e syll a b l e , accord1 n g as 1t c on

t a in s on e w av e of s on or rty , or m or e t ha n on e w av e of

s on or rt y , ri s1 n g ab ov e t he ge n e ra l l e v e l of s on orrt y .

If a s ylla b le or s on or 1 c w a v e con t a in s m or e t ha n on e sou n d,

1 t s c r e st or p o1 n t of m a x r mu m s on or rt y lie s of . course , w r t h xn

1 ta m ost s on or ou s s ou n d . For e xa m pl e , 1n t he m on osy lla b l e

be t ( b et ) , w h 1 ch con t a in s t h e t hr e e s ou n d s [b ] , [e ] , a nd [t ] ,

t h e sy l l a b rc cre st l ie s w 1 t h 1 n t he s oun d [a ] , t he m ost s on orou s

s ou n d 1 n t he syll ab l e . If on e syll ab l e or s on or1 c w a v e f ollow s

a n ot he r, 1n t he sa m e b r e th - 1 m pul s e , t h e 1 n t er sy ll ab 1 c t r ou gh ,

or po1 n t of m 1 n 1 m um son or 1 t y , l ie s w 1 th 1 n t he l e a st s on orou s

s ou n d be tw ee n t he t w o w a v e -
cr e st s . For e xam pl e , In t h e di
s yl l a b l e ( b e t az ) t h e a s 1 n gl e
'
b e t t er t w o syl l ab l e s ar e utt e rd 1a

b r e t h - 1 m pu l se , an d t h e t r ou gh l ie s w rt h m t h e s ou nd [t ] , the
l e ast s on or ou s s ou n d b etw een t h e t w o cre st s [e ] an d [a ] .

A s ou n d f orm s t he cre st of a s on or1 c w a v e ( t h at 15 , 1 5 syl

l ab 1 c) 1 f s e para t e d f r om a d a ce n t
j s on or ou s s ou n d s by s ou n d s

l e ss son orou s t ha n 1 t or t h e a dj ace n t s on or ou s s oun d s . Not

re s on a n t s on ly , b ut a ls o con s on a n t s ( st r id e n t s and s on ora n t s )
m ay b e sy l lab rc . In En gl r s h w e h av e a n e xa m pl e of a syllab 1 e

st r id e n t 1n t he [t ] of p r a c tically , as s om e t im e s pr on ou nced
of sy ll a b r c s on or a nt s 1n the [ l] of ke t tle t he [n] of

s u d de n t he [ S: ] of p s hi ( p Szt ) . Th e s on or1 c u n dul a

t ion s d u e t o t he pre se n ce of t h e [ 5 ] 1 a s t ar ( st a zz ) or ca ts

( kaet s ) t h e [ S ] m ca t ch ( k aet S) or t h e [ 9] 1 n
, w e a l th ( w he n
p r on ou n ce d w e lt O ) , an d t he l i ke , a re com p ar ab l e to m ere
r xp pl e s, r a t h er t h an w av e s of s on or 1 t y , a n d t o m ost e a rs a re

n ot p e rce pt ib l e as syllab le s .
( C om pa r e pa ra gra f 4page ,

Syll ab l e s ar e t he r e su l t of t h e 1 n d e p e n d e n t or conj om t s e

t i on of t w o f act ors : ( )
1 t he a b ove - m e n t i on d r e l at 1 v 1 n h e r e nt

s on or1 t ie s of t he e l e m e n t a ry s ou n d s , and (2 ) the ch a n ge s

w r ou gh t a m on g t he r e l at ion s h1 p 5 of t he se 1 nhe rent s on or1

t ie s by su d d e n ch a n ge s m t he f orce of b ret h -
1 m pu l s e or s t r e ss .

If a new b r et h - xm pu ls e 1s 1 n t r odu ce d 1 nt o a ny u tt era n ce , a

new s on or1 c w av e or sy llab l e b e g1 n a j u st w h e re t h1 s new

b reth-rmpul se b e gxns .
I6 P R EF AC E
s xn gl e s ou n d , as, m t he w or d ra t -tr a p at t he b e

gm n m g of t h e se con d [ t ] , a nd , k l —l 1
’
1a the w ord cool ly ( ou ) ,

at t he b e g 1 nn 1 n g of t h e s e con d [l] . Wh e n a ( se con d ) n e w d y

n a m 1 c syll ab l e orb re t h-xmpu lse t hus b e gm s W1 t h 1 n a s ou n d ,

t h e sou n d 1 5 cal d d ou b le or ge m1 n a t e d a n d 1 s , t h ru ou t t h 1 s ,

d 1 ct ion ary , re pre s e n t e d ( as h e r e ) b y tw o s e pa ra t e le t t e rs .

Wh e n , as 15 a l w ay s t he cas e at the 1 n ce p t ion of a st a t rc

sy ll a b l e , t he 1 n t e r sy ll ab 1 c t r ou gh l ie s w 1 t h 1 n t h e 11 m 1 t s of a

s 1 n gl e sou n d ( of m 1 u 1 mu m s on or1 t y ) , a s, m t h e w or d b e t t er
w 1 t h 1n the [t ] , t he l e t t e r r e p r e se n t m g t h rs s ou n d of
m 1 n 1 mum s on or 1 t y su f ficie nt ly 1n d 1 cat e s t he pos1 t ion of t he
1 n t e r sy lla b 1 c t rou gh . It 13 n e it h e r n e ce ssa ry n or b e n e ficial
fu rt her to 1 n d 1 ca t e rt s pos rti on , f or u n l e ss 1n u tt e r rn g t he

w ord a n ew b re t h -xm pu l s e 1s grat ui t ou s ly 1 n t r od u ce d , or

s om e e rr or m ad e 1n the s ou n d s t h e m se lv s , t h e corr e ct pro

n u n cia t ion W1 I1 n e ce ssa r1 ly r e su lt .

Wh e n , on t h e ot h e r h a nd , as 15 al w ay s t he ca s e at t he 1n

c ap t ion of a dyn a m1 c s y l la b l e , t h e 1 n t e r sy ll ab 1 c t rou gh l i e s j u st

b e f ore a ce rt a in s ou n d , as b e f or e t h e [b ] 1n b e t t er or b e f ore
t he [b] or t h e [k ] m b a k e r , 1t 1s f
o t en m ost n ece ss a ry a nd

b e n e f xcial t o 1 n d 1 ca t e 1 t5 p os 1 t ion .

Str e ss , or dy n a m 1 c acce n t , 15 t he r e la t 1 v e m fa 5 1 s t h
w h 1 ch a s ou n d , syll ab l e , or s e q u e n ce of syl l a b l e s 1 s u t t e r d . It
15 the 1 n t e n s1 t y or d e gre e of e n e rgy ch ar act e r i z m g a b r et h
1 m pu l se u se d m sp e e ch . It 15 t he f orce or v 1 gor 1 mpa rt e d t o

any g 1 v e n u t t e r a n ce b y t he b re t h .

In t he b ody of t h1s d 1 ct iona ry , a ccor d 1 n gly , t he s t a rt r n g

po1 n t of e v e ry syl l ab le h av 1 n g ch i e f st r e ss ( t h at 15 , h a v m g t he

p r i m a ry de gre e of force of a n e w or r e 1 n orce d f b re t h - xm p u l se )

15 al w ay s 1 n d 1 cat e d b y m ea n s of a s p e cial sym b ol , t h e ch ie f
s t r e s s-m a rk pl ace d j u st b e f ore t h e st r e s t syl l a b l e ; an d t h e
st a rt r n g -
pa w t of e v e ry sy ll ab le h av1 ng su b or d i n a t e st r e s s ( t h at
15 , h av1 ng t he se con d ary , t e rt iary , or q u art e r n a ry d e g r e e of

f orce of a n e w or re 1 n orce d f b re th - xmpu ls e ) 1 s a lw ay s ( e x ce pt

1 n 1 t ial ly , w h e re 1t 15 l e ft u nm a rkt ) 1 n d 1 ca t e d b y me an s of a

g e n e r al sy mb ol , t h e hyf en placed j ust b e fore t h e st r e st

s yl la bl e .
 P R EF AC E I7

In t h 1 s Pr e f a ce , h ow e v e r, a s p e cia l symb ol f or s e con d a ry

st r e ss , t h e s e con d a ry s e
t r s s -m a rk ha s al so b ee n us e d ( me
di a l l y ru st e d of t h e hy fe n , a nd a ls o 1 n 1 t iall y ) , w h e n ev e r t he

syll ab l e act u ally has se con d a ry s t r e ss . Th1 s s e cond a ry st r e ss

ma rk w 1 ll p r ob a b ly be u se d t h ru out th e d 1 ct ion a ry If a

se con d e d 1 t ion 15 p u b l 1 sh t . It 15 a l re d y e m pl oy d t hru out my

D 1 ct ion ary of A v iat ion w h1 ch 15 ab ou t t o a pp e a r .

In n ormal En gl rs h a ny syll a b le 1 m m e d ia t e ly f ollow m g a

sy l l ab l e con t a in 1 n g a l on g st r e st v ow el , a r i5 1 n g d 1 ft h on g or

t r 1 f t hon g, or a sy llah1 c con s on a nt or a v ow e l , 1 5 a d yn a m 1 c

syl la b l e ; an d a ny w e a kly s t r e st s y ll ab l e 1 m m e dia t e ly follow

1 ng a s yllab le con t a in 1 ng a s h ort st re st v ow e l pl u s on e or
m or e con s on a n t s 1 5 on ly a st at 1 e syl la bl e . Dynam rc syl la b le s

a re f
o t en f ou n d , h ow e v er , 1n com pou n ds , a d opt e d w or d s , as

b iv ou ac et c .
, ev en a ft er syl lab l e s con t a in 1 n g s hort

s t r ast v ow e l s . A g1 v e n d isyll ab rc w or d or com b m a t i on , as

'
( ) ma y
'
e go e go, e , go, et c . con s xst e it h e r (1) of a dy n a m 1 c
p lus a s t at 1 c sy l l a bl e , or ( a) of tw o dy n a m 1 c syll ab l e s .

Wh e t he r or n ot a n e w b r e t h -1 m p u l s e occu r s 1 a a g1 v s u com

b rn at i on of s ou n d s d e p e n ds on v a r iou s fact ors : (1) t h e cha r

a ct e r of t he con s on a n t s 1 n t e rv e n 1 n g be tw ee n t he syl l ab 1 e

c r e st s ; ( 2 ) t h e ir n u mb e r ; (3 ) t he 1 n d e pe n d e n ce of t h e w or d ;

(4
) 1 ta f ree dom from t he 1 n f l u e n ce of re l a t e d m ore f a m xlia r
w or ds ; an d ( s) t h e com m on n e s s of t he w ord 1 t s e lf .

U nt 1l rece nt y ears , t h e n at ur e of sy lla b 1 ca t i on w a s n ot cl e a r

ly u n derst ood . Som e d 1 v xsion of a w or d w as , how e v e r, f

o t en

n e ce ssa ry 1 n w rit rn g a n d p rm t m g a n d s om e or al d 1 v 1 si on w as

d e s irab le 1a d 1 ct at 1 n g . So t h e t h 1 n g t ook s h ap e 1n s p e ll 1 ng

b ooks a nd d 1 ct ion a r ie s . B ut t he d 1 5 t 1 n ct ion b e t w een gra 1 ef

w or d -drv xsion a n d fon e t 1 c sy ll ab rca t ion on ly g r a d u a l l y b e ca m e
c le a r 1 n th e mi n d s of men U p t o t h e pr e se n t h ou r a l t h o t h e
.
,

d rst m ct ion be tw een d yn a m 1 c a nd st at 1 c sy llab l e s h a s now f or .

s om e ye ars bee n q u it e w e l l u n d e rst ood , a n d al t h o rt 15 of t h e

g r e at est 1 mpart an ce 1 a cor rect ly 1 nd 1 cat 1 ng pronu n ciat ion , no

d 1ct i onary has ever 1 n t r odu ce d 1t 1 nt o 1 ta v oca b u l a ry . O ne

r e as on for t h1 s m ay lie 1 a t h e cu st om a ry b ut fon e t rca lly

v rcious p ract rs of p l a e 1 ng t h e st r e ss -m a rk a t t h e e nd ( or s up
IS P R EF AC E
p os e d e nd ) ,
r a t he r t ha n a t t h e b e g m n r n g, of sy ll ab l e s . T hre
p r act rs h as n ot h 1 n g but cu st om t o re com m e n d 1t . The s t r e ss

m a rk 15 com m on ly u se d t hu s b y d 1ct i on ary -ma k e rs a n d ot h e r s ,

a nd t hre u sa ge 15 f
d e fe n d e d b y m xsgu i d e d or u n t h m krn g
o ten

p e r s on s 1 n a pp a re n
, t d 1 s r e ga r d or 1 gn or an ce of t h e good t o b e

d e riv e d f r om t he us e of a m ore 5 c ie n t 1 f 1 c m e t h od In r e ad r ng .
,

rt 15 m ore con v e n ie n t t o h av e t h e st r e ss -m a rk pl ace d b e ore , f

ra t h e r t ha n a ft e r , t he st r e s t syl lab l e , f or , al t h o t he r e ad e r

d ou t l e ss s e e s w or d s a n d sy lla b l e s f or t he m ost pa rt as w hole s ,

hrs e ye n e v e rt h e l e ss u sua l ly a ppr oach e s t h e m f r om t h e l e f t ,

ra t h e r t ha n fr om t he r ight a n d r t 1 5 b e t t e r t ha t h e sh ou l d b e
,

a pp r is e d of t h e f a ct s as to w he re a syll able b e g 1 n s, an d how

rt 15 s t re st , du r 1 n g t h e 1 n c1 pie n t , rat h e r t ha n dur 1 n g t he
f i n al st a ge of h rs v xsu al or v oca l a ct ion u pon 1 t . O ne pre f er s
to se e a f
gui d e post b e or e h e ge t s t o h rs d e st r n at i on or ha s
p ast rt .

Fu rt he r m or e , rn m yr iads of ca se s, rt 1 5 1 mp oss ib l e cor re ct ly

to pla ce a st e ss ma rk
r -
a ft e r a st re st s yll ab le ; f or , w he n e v e r a

a dy n a m 1 c syl l a b l e r s f oll ow d b y a st a t 1 c syl la bl e , t he d yn a m 1 c

s y ll a b l e , e n d 1 ng as rt d oe s w r t h m t he l rm r t s of s om e ( r e la

t rv ly u n son or ou s ) s ou n d w rt h m w h 1 ch a l so t he st a t 1 c sylla b l e

b e g1 a s , ca n n ot a ccu r a t ely be r e p r e s e nt e d a s e nd1 n g a ft e r t hat

s ou n d . For e xa m pl e , the w or d s is t er 15 p ron ou n ced n e it h e r

' ' '
Th e b ou n d a ry
'
s 1 - st az , n or s 1 e-t az , n or s rst -s e , b ut 5 1 st az .

b et w een rt s t w o sy ll ab l e s l ie s n e it he r b e f ore f
n or a t e r t h e

n or a ft e r t he [t] , b ut w rt h m t he [t ] . T he first ( dy n a m 1 c )
s yl la b le m e rge s 1 nt o t h e s e con d ( st a t 1 c) sy ll ab l e t h ru t he s ou n d

of m 1n 1 mum s on or r ty [t ] , w h 1 ch 15 com m on t o b ot h syl l ab l e s .

Th e u se of st r e ss -m a rk s 1 n p os t e r ior pos rt ion , j u st al l u d e d

t o, con ou n d s f t he w h ol e su b e ct j of gra frc w or d~d rw si on s of

cu r re n t or f on e t 1 c ort h ogr a fy (to b e u se d a t t he e n d s of l in e s

by w r it e r s an d p r xn t e r s ) w 1 th t he i
q te
u d 1 f fe r e n t j
su b e ct

of r e al f on e t 1 c sy ll ab r ca t i on . T h 1 5 , t oge t h e r w rt h t he com

m on pr act rs of t ry rn g t o s h ow cu rr e n t sp e l l 1 n g a n d e t y m ol ogy

a s w e l l a s p r onu n ci a t i on , all m on e r e sp e ll rn g of a w or d , re

su l t s 1n t he mu l t r t ud in ou s f one t 1 c e rrors w rt h w h 1 ch t he
ord in a ry d 1 ct ion a r ie s an d t e xt -b ooks are packt f rom cover t o
 P R EF AC E I9

cov e r. T h e m e r e st t y r o 1n f on e t r cs , e v e ry child , 1 nde ed, w ho

u se s t h e s e b ooks , 15 ap t t o b e cl e a rly or d 1 m ly con sc ious of

m a ny of t h e se e rr ors and s y st e m a t r c p e rv e rs i on s of p r onu n

c ia t i on . Th e t r ou bl e s ca u se d by t he pra ct r s of u s r ng the

s t r e s s-m a r k a ft e r t he s t r e at syl l a bl e ca n n ot be ov e rc om e by

p l ac 1 n g t h e s t r e ss - m a r k a b ov e or b e l ow th e v ow e l or con

s on a n t of m ax r m u m s on orr t y w h 1 ch for m s t he cr e st of t he

s t re s t s y ll a b le ; f or s uc h a p roce d u r e n ot on ly m u l t 1 pl i e s e n or

m ou s ly t h e n u m b e r a n d com pl r ca t i on of t h e s ymb ol s a n d t yp e s

r e q u i re d , but f ails to 1n d1 ca t e e it h e r t h e b e g1 n n 1 n g or e nd of

t he s t r e st sy ll a b l e .

In th rs d 1 ct i on a ry , t he st r e s s 1 n d 1 ca t e d 1 s, rn g e n e ral , t h e
s t r e ss w h 1 ch t h e w or d h as w h e n i s ol a t e d . C e rt ain sy s t e m a t r c

s h 1 f t 1 n g s of st r e s s a r e 1 n d 1 ca t e d , n ot a b ly r n t he ca se of w or ds

w h os e s t r e ss s h 1 f t s a ccor d 1 n g as t h e se w ord s a re u se d post e

r i or l y or a n t e r i or ly 1a a se n t e n ce , t he post e ri or f or m b e 1 ng

g rv e n f ir st .
( Se e pa ge 3 of t h re Pr e f a ce , u nde r Pr on u n ci a
t io n .
)
W o r d -d r v xs i on . In d r v id r n g w ord s a t t h e e n d s of li n e s ,

w e h a v e ( 1 ) t h e ca s e of cur r e n t s pe ll r n gs, a n d ( 2 ) t h e ca s e of
f on e t 1 c sp e ll rn gs In t hr s d 1 ct i on a ry t h e cu rre n t s pe ll r ngs
.

h a v e b ee n dr v id e d m a n or d i n a ry con v e n t i on a l manne r w h 1 ch
r e q u ires no s p e cia l d e scr xpt ion . T h e f on e t 1 c s p e l l r n gs hav e
been d rv id e d , w h e re v e r p ra ct r ca b le , at t he b e g 1 n n 1 ng of a

d yn a m1 c syll a b l e , t h at 15 , w h e r e t h e re w ou l d a lr e dy be a hyfe n
or a s t r e s s- m a r k 1n an y e v e n t . Wh e r e rt has b e e n n e ce s s a ry

or c on v e n i e n t t o d r vi d e a f on e t 1 c s pe llr n g a rb rt ra r rl y , w h e re
no new b r e t h -1 m pu ls e r e a lly b e g xn s , rt 15 d rv ide d rn a ma n
ner s 1 m rl a r t o the m a n ne r 1a w h 1 ch 1t w ou l d b e d r v id e d w e re

t he re r e a l ly a n ew b rot h - i m pu lse 1 n t r od u ce d ( t ha t 15 , w e re

a n ew dy n a m1 c s yll a b l e b e gu n t h e re ) . For e xa m p le , r f t he f o

nett e s p e ll r n g [
’
p aez a n t ] of t h e w ord parent rs d rv id e d at t he

of a lin e , d rv id e d [ pm t h e sa m e m a nn e r
’
e nd rt 15 z e nt ]
-
1n as

f on e t 1 c s p e l lr n g [ ] v a r ia n t of t he sa m e ord ,
'
t he pe z-z a n t
, a w

w ou l d b e d r v id e d : t ha t 15 , j u s t b e f or e t h e l e tt e r t he hy f e n
be r u g us ed as t he ma rk of d rv 1 s ion at t he e nd of t he l in e .

Thr a u se of th e hyfen , n ow f or r e al syl l ab rc d rv rsion , n ow

20 P R EF A C E
f or m e re a rb r t r ary w or d - d 1 v 1 s i on , a nd a ga in f or j o1 n 1 n g t he
e le m e n t s of com p ou n d w ord s , re n d e r s rt f
o t en an a m b rg u ous

sy m b ol .
( Se e p age 2 9 of t h rs Pre f ace , u n d er C lar ifi e d Spell
in g ).

A b b r e v i a t i on s an d Si g n s A b b re v ia ti ons
. a r e us e d only

f or t h e n a m e s of t he pa r ts of s pe e ch .

L I S T O F A B B R E V IA T I O N S

j
a d e ct r v pl .
p l ur a l
a dj e ct rv pr on ou n
- p r on .
p r on ou n
a d v e rb n . n ou n

c on u n ct ion
j n ou n - r on p . n ou n- p r on ou n

j
1 n t e r e ct ion ve rb

In rll u st r at r v f ra s e s , as u nder t h e t i t le -w ord ag e d , t h e ti t l e

w ord , w he r e rt occu r s 1n the s e n se rllu st r a t e d , 15 m a r kt b y

me an s of a st a r or a st e r rs k j u st pr e ce d r n g t h e w or d , rn

ord e r t o a id t h e r e a d e r r n se e r n g 1 t or r n ide n t r fy r ng 1t .

Sp e l l r n g R e f o r m . Th e re f orm a t i on of s pe l l r n g p re s e n t s
rt se l f u n d e r t h ree m od e s : s rm p l r fi e d sp e ll rn g , cl a r r f ie d sp e l l

rn g, an d f on e t 1 c s p e ll r n g . Srm pl r f icd sp e l l r n g and cl a r r fi e d

sp e ll r n g a re a l ik e rn b e 1 ng b u t a m e ndm e n t s of t he cu r r e n t

ort h ogr a fy , w hil e f on e t 1 c s p e ll r n g 15 a r e l a t r v ly 1 n d e pe n d e n t

s y st e m of ort h ogra fy b ase d u p on p r onu n ciat i on . A ll t h r e e of

t h e se m od e s of r e f orm d s p e l l r n g a re u se d t o a ce rt ai n e xt e n t

I n t hr s d 1 ct ion ary .

Srm p l r f i e d Sp e l l r n g . Th e cu rre n t sp e ll rn g m ay be
s rm plr fi e d t o s om e e x t e n t by om 1 s s ion of sil e n t l e t t e rs b y t h e
,

a m e n d m e nt of ce rt a i n gl a r r n g r r r e gul a r rt ie s , a n d s o on T h rs
.

15 t he m e t h od u se d b y t h e Sxmplr fie d Sp e ll r n g B oa r d ( 1 M ad
r s on A v e n u e Ne w
, Y ork ) an d t he Srmpl r fie d Spe ll r n g Socie t y
4Gre at
(4 R u ss ell St r e e t , L on d on , W . C .
, En gl a n d ) .

T h e se or ga n r z a t ion s hav e , up t o t he pr e se n t t im e , d e v ot e d
t h e ir e n e rgi e s n ot to fon e t 1 c spe l lr n g b u t on ly t o m in or s 1 m plr
f rcat ion s of ce r t a in w or d s a n d cl as s e s of w ord s While u sr ng .

a r gu m e n t s b ase d m a in ly u pon t he a d v a n t age s of fon e t 1 c s pe ll

1 ng, t hey have pract i ca l ly gnored

1 t he w ork , as t h ey cert a inly
 P R EF AC E 2!

a re n e gl e ct r ng to e m pl oy t he m e t h od s , of t h os e w h o h av e al

re dy f
su cce ss u ll y con st ru ct e d and 1 n t r od u ce d t he most pe r fe ct
f on e t 1 c a lf a b e t s a n d f or m s of f on e t 1 c s p e ll r n g as y e t d e v is e d .

Wh il e s 1 m p l r fi e d s p e l lr n g ha s a ce rt a in v al u e , d rre ct ly rn

r e ct r fy r n g ce rt a in min or d e f e ct s 1n t h e cu r re n t ort hog ra fy , a n d

1 n d r r e ct ly rn ca ll r n g a tt e n t ion t o t he a d v a n t a ge s of f on e t 1 c
sp e l l r n g , r t 15 e n t i r e ly 1 n a d e q u a t e t o t h e t ask of b r rn grn g rn t o

e x 1 s t e n ce (1 n no m att e r h ow l on g a t im e ) t h e f on e t 1 c sp e ll r n g

u p on w h os e v irt u e s ar e b a s e d t he com m on ru n of a r gu m e n t s

f or s 1 m pl r f i e d s p e ll rn g .

R e ga r d r n g t h e 1 n d r r e ct v a lu e of s rm p l r f ie d s pe l l r n g, rt may ,

h ow e v e r, be a r gu e d t h at rt 15 pe r h a ps m or e t ha n o ffs e t b y t he
1 m p l ie d m rsd rr e ct ion of e n e r gy an d t he d rv e rt r n g of p u b Irc
a t t e n t ion f rom t he m a in 1 s su e . He rb e rt Sp e n ce r f or , e x a m p le ,

h e ld t h e op m ion t h at s 1 m pl r f i e d s p e ll r n g r e t a r d s t h e progr e ss
of f on e t 1 c s p e l l rn g , r u st e d of acce l e r a t r n g 1 t s p rogr e s s a s 1 t

p u rp ort s t o d o .

T o t ry t o 5 1 m pl r f y , cl ar r fy , or f on e t i z e a ny r a d r cal ly b ad
sy s t e m of spe ll r n g, su ch a s t h e En gl rs h , 1n a ny 1 n t e r e st 1 n g or

f
us e u l d e g re e , and m a ny re a s on a b l e pe r iod of t i m e , w 1 t h ou t

us r n g s om e t h or ogor n g, p opu lar f on e t 1 c a l f ab e t , rs v a in . It

15 l ik e t ry r n g t o f
ci e r w rt hou t f 1 gu r e s , p r 1 n t w r t h ou t t yp e s ,
or t y p e w r it e w r t h ou t ke ys .

Wh il e r e a l 1 n t e rn a t ion a l f on e t 1 c sp e ll r n g of En gl r sh , Fr e n ch ,
G e rma n , and ot h e r l a n gu a ge s 15 t hu s al r e d y an acc om pl rs h t

f a ct , and h u n d re d s of t h ou s a n d s of copie s of t e x t -b ook s and

d 1 c t ion arie s con t a in 1 n g rt a re rn a ct u a l u se rn the le a d rn g

s ch ool s and u n rv e r s rt ie s t h ru ou t th e w orl d ( 1 n cl u d1 n g the
U n it e d St at e s ) , t h e S rmp l r fie d Sp e l lr n g B oa r d l a b or s u n de r

th e 1 mpre ssion t h at t h e pu bl rc, t h o n ow b e 1 ng op e r at e d u pon

b y t he B oa rd , 1 5 as ye t m e n t a lly t oo w e ak, f on e t r ca lly sp e a k

r n g, t o b e a r a n y e f f rcia l m e n t i on of f on e t 1 c sp e l l r n g b e1 ng
m ad e by t h e su rge on . T o m a ny pe r s on s rt w ou l d se e m to be

t h e ope ra t or , ra t he r t h a n t h e p a t ie n t , w ho 15 rn n e e d of t re a t
m e n t for f on ofob ia .

T h e f allacy of t h e s 1 m p l r f ie d s pe ll e r s l ie s rn t h e i r a ssu m p

ti on t ha t the on ly m e t h od , or at l e a st t he b e st m e t h od , f or
 22 D I CTIONARY O F HAR D W O R DS

a n e c d ot i st d ot 1 s t , a n e kd a t rs t
' ’
n . en e k
a - -
.

a n e y t o u s a dj (w i ) t gas
’
l r t h o u t e ly t r a o n e i x-
. .

a n e m i a n l a ck of b l ood [ a ls o s pe lt a n a e m ia ] a n 1 i- m i- o
’
. .

a n e m i c a dj [ a l s o s pe l t a n a e m ic ] a n e m rk , a n 1 i m 1 k
’ ’
-
. .

m m ( m m
'
an e o et e r n w i n d -
g ge )
a a n r e x -
tez. .

a n e m o n e n pl a n t [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t a n e m on y ] a n e m a
’
.

n1 (w,h e n us e d a s a g e n u s -
n a m e a n d s e l t a n e m on e ) mm p
moo-n i
’
.

a n e st h e si a n [ a l s o s p e lt a n a e s th es ia ] mn 1 s 01 i 3 9 mn 1 s 01 i
’ ’
-
.
,

-
5 1 9 .

h e t i c a dj , n [ al s o s p e lt a n a es t h e t i c] a n 1 s 0e t 1 k ae n xs
’
a ne s t . .
,
’
i
9 1 t 1k
-
.

a n e st h e t i s e v [ als o sp e lt a n e s t h e tis e, a n a es t h e tis e , a n oe s

.

t h e t iz e ] a n e 5 0 1 t a 1 z , a n 1 i5 - 0
’ ’
-
1 t a 1z -
.

( t h e h e rb dil l ) a n xt
'
a n et n . .

a n e n r i s m n d il a t a t ion [ a l s o s p e lt a n e u ry s m ] ae n j u -z 1 z am
’
. .

a n gel n i i g)
’
( p
s r. t u a l b e i n e e n -
d sal .

a n g e l o l og y n ( d i d sr
’
o c t r n a s . t o a n g e l s ) e e n d sa l o l a - -
.

an g el n s n ( d e v ot ion ; b e ll ) mn d 3 1 l a s
’
-
. .

a n gi n a n (q i ) m d
’ ’
u n s y,
. e t c n s a x -
n a a n d 3 na
1 -
.
, .

a n g i ol o g y n ( i f d l d i
'
sc e n ce o. b l oo -
v e s s e s , e t c ) a n s e l a -
d sr .

a n g i os p e r m n (p l a n t h a v i n g
. a s e e d -v e s se l : c orr e l a t rv of

gy m n o s p e r m )
'
a n d s i -
a -
sp a zz m .

( c or n e r et c ) mngal
'
an gle n .
, . .

a n g l i ci s e v m ak e E ngl is h [ a l s o s p e lt A n gl iciz e , a n gl icis e ,

.

A n g l icis e ] ae ngh s a xr
'
—
.

’
a n g o r a a dj , n
’
aen goz-z a , aen goz-z a
. . .

a n h yd r i d e n [ a l s o s o m e
. t im e s , s p e l t a n h
, y d r id ] ae n
’
h a 1 -
dt 1d ,
a n h a x d ra rd
’
-
.

an il n ( in digo s h ru b or d y e ) mm l
’
. .

a n i l e a dj old - w om a n is h [ al s o, s om e t im e s , s pe lt a n il ]
’
. za n ri ,

m na 1l
’
-
.

a n i l i n e a dj [ a l s o s om e t im e s , spe lt a n i l in ] ma 1 I1 n , mn x
’ ’
n . , . ,
-

m m m l in
’
la ,
-
.

a n i m a d v e r s i on n ( c r i t i c i s m ; r e p r oo f .
) ae n 1 -
m ae d v s z S
’
an .

an im a d v e rt v ( i i i m mx d v e zz t
’
c r t c z e ) . a 1 -
.

a n i m a l cu l a n (p l l f i m m ) m
’
u ra o a n
. a l c u l u a en x re l k c la
o -
.

a n i m a l c u l a e n pl [ a n 1 n cor r e ct s u b s t rt u t e f or a n i m a l cu la,
. .

u s e d on t h e s u p p 05 1 t i on t h a t a n i m a l cu l a 1 5 a 5 1 n gu la r n ou n
h a v in g t h 1 s f or m a s 1 t s p l u r a l ] ze n r m ae l k eu l i
’
-
.

a n i m a l cu l e n ( l it t l e a n im a l ) ae n x m ael k eu l
’
—
. .

a n i m a l cu l u m n an a n im a l cu l e [ p l u r a l a n i m a l cu l a ] a u r
.

’
m ml k cu l a m -
.

j ye ,e cu r e ; b t h e 9 t h in ; 5 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; ,

w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , ou ool , 1 it , 1 i s e e ; f f
.

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e n al , A b u t , a : d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
2 4 P R EF A C E
In t h e v oca b u la ry o f t h r s b ook a re g 1 v e n all t he mai n w ords

( e xce p t s om e rn - iv e ) and m a ny of t he de n v a t rv s , of w h 1ch

m or e 5 1 m pl e form s a re a d v oca t e d b y t h e Srm pl rfie d Spe ll rng
B oa r d . Th e ru l e s of t h e B oa r d a r e a l so a pplie d t o som e w ords
w h 1 ch d o n ot h a ppe n t o b e 1 n clu d e d 1 n t h e l xst pu b lrsh t b y t he
B oa rd , as A l ex a n d r in , ca r l in , ca r m in , d epriva t iv, d e sic cativ,
pa r t il, pa sse r in , e tc .

I ru s e rt t he s 1 m pl e r form s a m on g t he i
v a r an t spe llrn gs tu

t h rs d 1 ct ion a ry n ot s ole l y b e ca u s e t h e y a re a dv ocat e d b y the

B oa r d a n d ot h e r s , b u t b e ca u s e m a n y of th e m e it h e r h a v e long
e x 1 st e d or do n ow e x 1 st t o a con s 1 d e r a b le e xt e nt tu curre nt

u se 1n 11 t e ra t u r e ; a nd a l so b e ca u s e a l m ost a ll of t he m are

e it h e r 1n a ccord w rt h w ha t I con 5 1 d e r to be a sc ie nt rf rca lly

p r act r ca b l e sy s t e m of s t a n d a r d i z e d f on e t 1 c or t hogr a fy , su ch as

15 u se d 1 a the r e -s pe l l r n g s n en rn t h rs b ook t o 1 n d 1 cat e pro

n u n cia t ion s an d 1 s, m my op 1 n i0n , d e st rnd e ve n t ua ll y to

s u p e r se d e t h e cu rr e n t En gl rs h ca cogr a fy .

T h e f oll ow rn g a re t he ru le s gov e r n r n g t h e s rm plr frca t i ons

con t a in d 1 n t h e l xst of a b ou t 3 3 00 w ord s pu b lrsh t b y t h e 8 1 m

p l r f i e d Sp e ll r n g B oa r d on M a r ch 6, 1 9 09 ( C ir cul ar No .

A s id e f rom a fe w s l igh t ch a n ge s 1 n t h e w ord r n g, s om e mi n or

a d u s t m e nt s
j n e ce ss rt a t e d by a m or e accu r at e m arkr n g of t h e

p r on u n cia t i on s , etc .
, an d on e a d d 1 t i on a l e x a m pl e u n de r Rul es
1 7 and 1 8, t he ru le s a n d e x a m p le s ar e g1 v e n e xa ct ly as pu b
l r sh t b y t h e B oa rd .

T o f acxlr t a t e a cce p t a n ce rt w as d e e md e xpe d i e n t by t h e

B oa r d r n s om e cas e s t o r e s t r 1 ct th e ru l e t o a l 1m1 t ed n u mb e r

of t h e w ord s m a g1 v e n cl ass . In t he s e case s t he e xpr e ss oni

h as b e e n d A ny ho ch oos e s
‘ ’
Re st r rct e d R u le u se . on e w t o ex

t e n d t h e ru l e a t on ce t o a ll t h e w ord s of a gry on cl ass 1 5 of

cou r se fre e to do 5 0 . A ft e r e a ch r u l e 1 5 g1v e n a l 1 st , e it he r of

al l the w ord s a ff e ct e d (1 f t h ey a r e n ot m a ny ) , or of a few

e xam pl e s of the la rge nu mb e r of w or ds cov e r d b y t he ru le .

‘ ‘
E x a m pl e s an d add e d
’
pr e f 1 xt ,
’
In t h e l at t e r ca se 15 e tc . rs .

If t h e B oa r d s
’
o f ficial r e comm e n d a t i on applie s t o all w or ds
con t a in 1 n g t h e l et t e r , se q u e n ce of l e t t e rs , or su f f rx , a ffe ct ed ,

‘
r on u n ci at ion 1nd 1 cat e d , t he e xpression G e neral Rule
’
m t he p
 P R EF A C E 25

1 8 us e d . For s om e s m a l l cl ass e s a n d f or is ola t e d am e n d m e n t s

n o r ul e 1 5 g1v e n .

R U L E S O F SIM PL IF I E D SP EL L I N G

1 . as, a or e , n ot final . Ge n e ral R u l e : C hoos e e Exam .

pl e s : a n e s t h e t ic, ch i m e r a, era , es t h e t ic, e t h e r, m e d i ev a l, p a l e on

t a l agy, e t c .

2 .
-b t , w rt h l) s il e n t . G e n e ra l
R u le : O m 1 t b d e t, d e t t or, .

d ou t , in d e t t e d, r e d ou t, r e d ou t e d, r e d ou t a b l e .

3 . e a , p r o n ou n ce d G e n e r a l R u l e : D r o p a Ex a m .

p l e s : h e d , s p r e d s t e d , tr e d,,
t h r e t , h e l t h , w e l t h , d r e m t ,
m e n t,

p l es a n t, e t c .

4 . e a , p r on ou n ce d [ a ] , b e f or e r G e n e r al Ru le : Drop 0. .

h a r k e n , h a r t, h a r t h .

5 .
-c d or d , p r on ou n ce d [ d ]
’
G e n e r a l R u l e : U s e 5 1 m p le d
.

r n a ll ca s e s ( r e d u cr n g a d ou bl e con s on a n t ) Ex a m pl e s : a i m d , .

a rm d , b urn d, d e e m d , d im d, e l d, f
il d, han g d, r a in d, s t ir d, f
v e i l d, e t c .

6 -c d or -t , p ron ou n ce d [ t ] t h e p re ce d r n g s 1 n gl e con s o
.
,

n a n t b e 1 n g d ou b l e d b e f or e -c d -
pp e d ,
-
s s e d ) a n d l e f t s m gl e

b e f or e -t -
p ,t -st
) G e n e r a l R u.l e : C h oo s e - t rn a l l cas e s .

E xa m pl e s : d ip t dr ip t, d r op t, s t ep t s top t, b l e s t, p r es t, m is t,
, ,

b l us h t, w as h t, w is h t l ock t, p a c k t, e t c ,
.

7 .
- e n c e o r - e n s e ( L a t in -e n a
s ) R e st r 1 ct e d Ru le : C h oos e
.

-e n s e . f
d e e n s e, ffe ns e p r e t e n s e ; a lso l ice n s e ( L
o , a t in -en
t ia ) .

8 .
-e t t e or -e t G e n e ral R u le : C h oose -e t
. . Ex a m p l e s
c o q u e t, e p a u l e t, e t iq ue t, om e l e t , q u a r t e t, q u i n t e t , se ptet , s e x t e t,

e t c.

9 .
gh f , p ron ou n ce d
or R e st r 1 ct e d R u le : C h oose 1 .
f
d r a t, n ot d r augh t .

1 0 -g h , si l e n t :
.
( )
1 -o u g h o r - o w , p r on ou n ce d [ a u , a u l .

R e st r 1 ct e d R u l e : C h oos e -o w p low ( )
2 -o u h
g o r .
-0, .

p r o n o u n c e d [ oo , 0 , o ] R e s t r xct e d R u l e : C
. h o o s e - 0 a l t h o . ,

t h o, t h or o, b or o, - b or o ( r n p la ce - n a m e s ) , f ur l o ( 3) - ou g h .

o r -o , p r on ou n ce d [ a u , u ,
’
t h r oug h , t h r o , t h r o R e s t r 1 ct e d .

R u l e : C h oose t h r o, b u t a dv a n ce r t n ow t o t h r u .

1 1 -i ce , u n st re st , p ron ou n ce d
. Ge n e r al Ru le : Sp e ll
-i s . Exa m pl e s : ar t ifi s coppis, car n is, cr ev is , e d ifis, j u s t is
, ,

n o t is , s e rv is , e t c .

12 -i l e , u n st r e st , pr on ou n ce d h i,
. G e n e ra l R u l e : G m 1 t
0. Exam pl e s : agil, u t il, s ervil j u v e n il, e t c f Whe n ot h e r
4
.
,

w i se p ron ou n ce d a s [ a 1 l , il l , r e t a in
, 10 .

13 ! h
. e , u n st r e s t , pron ou n ce d [ 1 a ] Ge n e ral Rul e : O m 1 t .

0. Exampl es : d e ter min , d octrin, engin , e xa m in , g en u in ,

26 P R EF A CE
i m ag i n , pr is tin , e tc . Whe n ot h e rw ise p ron ou nce d , as ( a re ,

in ] , r e t a in -i n e .
1 4 .
-i s e , u n st r e st , p r on ou n ce d G e n e ra l Ru l e : O m 1t e.

a n is, m or t is, pr ac t is , p re m is, p r om is , tre a t is .

15 -i s e or -i s e ( f r om G re e k ) , pr on ou n ce d [ a 1 z ] , su f f rx of
.

v e rb s G en e ra l Rul e : C h oose -i s e Exam ples : civ ilis e,

. .

cr i t iciz e ex orcis e l e ga l iz e, or ga n iz e , e t c
, , .

16 -i t e , u n st r e s t , p r on ou n ce d [ r t ]
. G e n era l Ru le : O m 1t 0 . .

Exa m pl e s : opp osi t d e fin i t, i n fin it, p r e t er i t, r e q uisi t, et c

,
.

Whe n ot herw ise pron ou n ce d as [ a1 t , it ] , re tain ,

-i v e , u n st r e st or w 1 t h on ly su b ordi n a t e st re ss ,
17 .
pr o
n ou n ce d [ rv xv ] G e n e ra l Ru l e : O m 1t e Exam ple s : ac tiv,
, . .

a dj e c t iv, d e t ec t iv, exe cu tiv, m ot iv, n a t iv , p r ogress iv, a dj ec

tivly, e t c
4
.

18 -11 or -l
.
-i l l or -i l ) Ge n e ra l Rule : C hoos e . .

dis til, fu lfil, i n s t il ; l ike u n ti l c omp e l i m p e l e t c , , , .

19 -11 . or -l -i l l or -i l -n l l or -n l b e f ore
o f n l or -n e s s G e n e ral Ru le : C hoose -1 s kilfu l, w ilfu l,
. .

d u ln e ss f u ln e ss , .

2 0 -m b , w r t h b s il e n t
. R e s t r 1 ct e d Ru l e : O m 1t b cr u m, . .

d u m, l a m li m n u m t h u m , , , .

2 1 -m n , w r t h n s ile n t
. R e st r xct e d Ru l e : O m 1 t n Au . .

t u m, c ol u m, s ol e m .

2 2 o e , a s, or e , n ot f in a l
. G e n e ra l R u l e : C h oos e e . .

Ex a m pl e s : e cu m e n i ca l es op h agu s , p h en ix, su b p e n a, e t c ; li ke ,
.

e con omy s ol e ci s m e t c , ,
.

2 3 -on . r o r - o r G e n e r a l R u l e : C h o o se -or
. Ex a m p le s .

ar d or c a n d or ,
cla m or , col or, fa v or flav or, h on or , hu m or ,
, ,

l a b or, ru m or t u mor, va l or v igor, e t c ; al so, a r b or, h ar b or ,

, , .

n e ig h b or , e t c .

2 p4h . o r f , p r on o u n ce d [ f ] R es t r 1 ct e d R u l e : C h oo se 1 . .

fan tas m, fa n tasy fan tom , s u lfa t e, su lfur ; lik e fan cy, fr a n tic,,

fr en z y, coffe r, coffin e t c w h1 ch or rgrn ally had ph , .

, .

2 5 p h ,
.
p r o n o u n ce d [ f ] G e n e r a l R u l e : U s e 1 c a m f or ,
. .

cif er ; a lfa b e t diafr a m pa m fl e t ; a u t ogr af, b ib l i ografy, b iog

, ,

ra fy ,
fon ogr af fot ogr af p aragraf , , , t e l e gr a f , f
t el e on e .

2 6 .
-r r
‘

or -r . G e n e r al Ru le : C h oose -r . b u r, pur ; l ik e
cu r , f u r, b l ur , s l u r, s pur , ca r , for , fir, s t i r, e t c .

2 7 .
-r e -e r , pr on ou n ce d [ as ]
or G e n e ral R ul e : C h oose
.

-e r . Exam pl e s : acc ou t e r, ce n t e r, fib er me t er m i t er, n i t er

, , ,

salt p e t er , s ce p ter , se p ulch er , s o mb er , s p ect er , t h e a t er , e t c ; .

lik e d ia m e t er ,
n u mb e r , e t c.

2 8 . s or s ( m t h e root ) R e st r1 ct e d Ru l e : C h oos e . ap

p ri z e , a ss iz e , compris e en t erpris e raz e s urpris e t eas el

, , , , .
( See
als o R ul e
 P R EF A C E 27

2 9 . mse d ia l , s il e n t R es t r 1 ct e d R u l.e : D r op s a i l e i l e, .
,

il e t, i la u d .

3 0 .n o, s il e n t , a f t e r -g R e st r 1 ct e d R u l e : O m 1t n o ca t a
. .

l og, d e ca l og, d e ma g og, p e d ag og, p r ol og, coll e a g, l e a g h a r a n g, ,

“ mg .

3 1. w e, f
a t er -l or -r , pron ou n ce d [ v ] . G e n e r al R ule
O m1 t e. Ex am ple s : d e lo, s h e lv , tw e lv , s e l vs , ca rv, cu rv, n e rv ,

serv , d es er v, r es erv , s t arv , etc .

O l a r rf i e d Sp e l l r n g . T he cu rr e n t s pe l l r n g m ay b e cla r r

fie d or made con s rd e r a b l y cl e a r e r by the su b s t r t u t ion of ce r

t ain l e tt e rs of de f1 n 1 t f on e t 1 c v a lu e f or t h e ord i n a ry l e t t e rs
cl ose l y r e s e mb l rn g t he m or ass ocia t e d w 1t h t he m 1n t he

popu l a r min d, w h e r e v e r t he s e ordin a ry l e t t e rs , 1n t h e p art xc

ul a r c on t e xt rn w h 1 ch t he y occu r , h av e t h e e xa ct v a lu e of t h e

f on e t 1 c l e tt e rs . Th rs m od e of s p e ll r n g r e or mf has b e e n rn

v ogu e for t h ousa n ds of y e ars . It h a s re ce n t ly b e en used rn

E n glrs h ra t h e w ork s of Dr . Fr a n cr s A . M a r ch and ot h e r s ,

but rn a cr u d e a n d 1 n accu r a t e m an ne r and to a v e ry l1m 1 t ed

ext e n t . It ha s b e e n u se d 1n It a lia n w 1 th con 5 1 d e r a b l e a ccu

r a cy t h ru ou t t h e d 1 ct ion a ri e s an d gra m m a r s of P . Pe t r occh i .

In E n gl r s h ‘
( g ) m a y t h us b e ( g h ) f or su b s t r t u t e d f or ( g ) ,

‘
( s h ) ; ( S) f or ( Sh ) f or ( sh ) : ( s) for ( Z ) ; ( 2 ) f or ( s ) ; ( w )
f or ( w ) ( w h ) f or ( w h ) ; ( n) f or ( n ) ; ( N ) f or ( n ) ; ( M ) f or
,

m
( ): f or ( l ) ; ( t ) ‘
( t ) ( a ) ( s ) f or ( r ) ; ( o) f or ( u )
. . .

for ( i) : ( a ) ‘ f ‘
( )
e or ( e ) : ( a ) ( c) . ( e ) f or . .

( o u ) ( 00) f or ( ou ) ( aw ) f or ( ow ) ; ( ac)
, , ( a) ,

f or ( a) et c , .

In t h e p r e se nt v olu m e on l y t h e l e t t e r s h e re m a rk t w rt h a

st a r h a v e be e n u se d rn t h rs w ay . Fu r t h e r cl a r r f r ca t i on

or at l e a st s rm pl r f rca t i on , has been e ff e ct e d , t h ru ou t t h rs

b o ok , by ( ff ) f or ( if ) ( f f i ) f or ( fli ) ( f i) f or ( h )
a lw a ys u s r n g , , ,

( f fl ) f or ( til ) ( fl ) f or ( H) ( oe ) f or ( m) e xce pt rn ce rt a i n
, , ,

w o r d s a d opt e d f r om Fr e n ch an d ( a c ) f or ( a ) , .

TO t h rs ex t e n t cla rr f ie d sp e l l r n g ha s a ls o b een use d t h ru

ou t t h r a Pre f a ce , e xce p t m th e t a b le of t h e En gl rs h ga m m ak a p

and r n c e rt a in ot h e r pla ce s w h e re t he e x a ct cu r r e n t s p e ll rn gs

of ce rt a in w or d s ha v e t o b e g 1 v e n f or rl lu st ra t r v
‘

pu r pos e s .

C l a rr fie d spe ll 1 n g 1 5 t hu s u se d n ot on ly b e ca u se of rts rn t r rn

28 DI C TI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
ap p r e n t i ce n .
, v. [ al s o s p e lt a pp r e n t is ; as ver b , p a s t pa r t 1
c1 ple and pre t e r 1 t a pp r e n tice d , appr e n t is t ] a
'

ps e n t xs .

i h i SS1 p
’
a pp tr en
c e s p n a ps e n t 1 -
. .

a p p r i s e v i m p a rt k n ow le dg e t o ; i n
. f or m [ a l so s pe lt a pp r iz e ]
’
a ps a xz .

a p p r i s e v . a pp ra is e , v a lu e [ al s o sp e lt a ppr is e ] a
’
ps a 1 2 .

a p p r ob a t [ ( er
’
iv e ad j . a ls o sp e l t a pp r ob a t iv ] aspe a - b e t w ;
’
f on e ou sly ) a ps oo-
b o-
t 1v .

m r ob a t or y ad j ( s a n ct ion in g
'
.
) e ps a - b e t a - a r
a

app u i v . s u pp ort [ a ls o sp e lt a pp u y ] a
’
pw 1i .

’
l s e n ( a p p r oa ch ) a pA l s ,
'
ap pu a pA l s
-
. .

a p p u r t e n a n c e n b e l on gi n g ; . a pp a r a t u s [ als o , f or m e rly ,
s p e lt

]
’ ’
ap per t e n a n ce a p s z t n -
an s , a p s z t x-
n an s.

ap p u rt en an t ad j .
, n . [ a ls o , f orm e rly , s p e lt a pp er t in e n t ]
’ ’
op az t n -
an t , o p s z t x-
n on t .

’
k k at
’ ' ’
ap r i cot n. ot, e e p s x k a
eet; a
e ps 1 k ot ,
-z
e pps 1
s 1 - - - - -
.

a p r i o r i a d v ( r om t h e or m e r ; r om ca u s e t o e
. f e ct ; r om f f ff f
f
l a w t o a ct : t h e oppos rt of a os t e r i or i ) c c- ps a i oz-z a r, e e
’
p
i i
’ ’
ps oz-
z a I , a z-
p s oz-
z1 .

°
’ ’
a p r on n. s e - ps a n, e e -p az n .

a p r op o s adv .
(to the p u rp os e ; op p ort un e l y) aep s a
’
poo, ( an
t e r i or ly )
’
e ps a -p o.
a

ap s n. ( h i t p opl a r w ood ) re ps
e -
w .

ap se n r e c e s s [ a l s o s p e l t a ps ; p l u ra l a s e s ] aeps
. p .

’ ’
aqu a n ( w a t.e r ) ze k w a , e e -k
w a .

a q u a f or t i s n ( i i id ) k f
’
t s , e e k w a f ozz t 1 s
’
n t r c a c aa w
. a o zz - 1 - -
.

m ( kw a m a
’
aqu a a r i n e n s e a -
g r e e n b ry )
e l ae k
. w a m a z 1 i n , e e -

'
8 1 in .

a k w a pxnk t S
’ ’
a q u a p u n ct u r e n -
az , e e - k w a p A nk t S
. az -
.

a q u a r e gi a n e k w o Z I i d so, a o k w a m i d ss
’ '
- -
a .
-
.

( w a t e r c ol or p a in t i n g ) a k w a z e l
’
a q u a r el l e n .
-
.

a qu ariu m n [p l l i m i ] k i em
’
u r a a q u a r . u s a q u a r a a w e z-
z -
, .

m t , e k w o-t m t
'
k
'
a q u a t in t n ae w o t -
. e -
.

a q u e d u ct n ( w a t e r c on d i t ) aek w 1 d A k t ; ( i m pr o e r ly ) aak w 1
.
'
- -
’
p
( lA k .

a q u e o u s a dj ( w a t e r ) e e kw i os
’
. y - -
.

a q u i f o r m a dj
’
ze k w 1 - f ozz m ,
'
e e - kw 1 - aze m
. f .

a q u i l i n e a dj of a n e a g l e ; h ook t [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , s p e lt a q u i
.

’
l in ] aek w 1 l 1 n , a k w 1 -l a 1 n
’
-
.

’
A r a b n a z ob ; ( l e ss r o e r ly ) e z z eeb e e z aeb
.
’
-
’
p p ,
-
.

a r a b e s q u e a dj , n aaz a b e s k , ( a n t e r i or ly )
’ ’
. ze z a b e s k
.
-
.

'
A r a b i c a dj n aez e b 1 k ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) a z aeb 1 k
’
-
. . .
,

[ a l so s p e t a a b n e ] bm
’
a r ab in n . l r i aez a -
.

j 9 cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ;
ye , s h oe , t S h e w ; S c
w w h e n ; 1) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou f f
.

ool , 1 i t , 1 1 s e e
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e r1a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, 8 b e d , e e g a t e ,
 DI C TI ONAR Y O F H ARD WORD S 29

id t ) k m da
’
ara c h n i d a n p ( sp
l e r s , e . c o z ae -
. .

i
’
a a e os t y e a j
r l d o Z I - a- s t
afl
. s e e a r e os tyl e . .

a b a i [ l l ] -b
’
r l s t n c r o s sb w
. o a s o sp e t a r b a l e s t a zz a -
h st .

a b it b l e a dj
’
r r a a zz -
b 1 t g b al
a -
. .

a rb it ram en t n d e cision [ sy n on ym ou s cogn a t e a r b i t r e m en t ]

.

a z b 1 t go- m a n t
’
.

a r b i t r a r i l y a dv
’
a zz -b x-t ge z x-h ; ( in A m er i c a , l e s s
. r o e r ly ) p p
’
a z b 1 t ge z x-l 1 .

a r b i t r e m e n t n a r b rt rx- m a n t sa m e m e a n rn g as a r b it r a m e n t
'
. . .

a r b or n ( pp m
'
s
. u o r t , b e a ; a x l e ; t r e e ) a zz -
b az .

a r b o r n b ow e r [ a ls o sp e l t ar b our ]
’
. a zz -b az .

a r b or e t u m n [ p l u r a l ar b or e t u m s, a r b or e t a ] a z b a z 1 i-t am
’
. .

a r b o r i cu l t u r e n ( l kA l t S
’
t r e e -
c u t u r
. e ) a zz -
b a z 1 -
az .

a r b or i z e v [ ]
’
a l s.o s p e l t a r b o r i s e a zz - b o- z a 1 z
.

a r b o r -v i t a e n ( t r e e ; a rb or e sce n t pa rt of t h e ce r eb e llu m )
.

a zz - b az v a r u , a zz - b az v a I t i
' '
- -
.

’
arbu tu s n b j j
’
(p l
. a n t ) az u u -
t o s , a zz -h o-t a s
.

a r ca n u m n [p l u r.a l a r c a a]n a z
’
k e e -
n am ; ( i m r o e r ly ) a z p p
kaena m
’
.

a r c -b o u t a n t n
’
a zz -b u t on . .

a r ch n .
( cu r v d s t ru ct u r e , e t c ) a zz t S . .

a r c h a dj . f
( ch ie , p r im e ; cle v e r cr a t y ) a zz t S , f .

a r c h a i c a dj ( l d f h i d k 1k
’
o -
. a s o n ) z a e e -
.

a r ch a i s m n a z k e 1 z a m , a zz k e 1 z a m
’ ’
- - -
. .

a r ch a n g e l a zz k e e n -d ss l ; ( e rr on e ous ly )
’ ’
n a zz k -e e n d sal ,
.
-

a zz t S
’
-
e e n - d sal .

a r ch a n g e l i c a dj a zz k aan d se l xk
’
-
. .

a r ch b i s h o p n a zz t Sb 1 S
’
a p , ( a n t e r i or ly , e s e ci a l ly as a t i t l e )
. p
a zz t Sb 1 S
’
-
ap .

a r ch d e a c o n n a zz t Sd 1 i k a n
’
-
. .

a r c h d u c h y n a zz t Sd A t S
’
. L

a r ch d u k e n a zz t Sd j u uk ,
’
.
( a n t er i or ly, es e cia l ly a s a t i tl e ) p
'
a zz t S -
d j ou k .

a r ch e d a dj [ al s o s om e t im e s , s p e l t a r ch t ] a zz t St , ( a ls o, i n
. ,

p oe t r y )
'
az t S 1d
'
a zz - t S 1d , .

a r ch e g on i u m n [ p l u r a l a r c h e g on i a ] a z k 1 g oo n i e m
’
- -
. .

a r c h e ol o g y n s c ie n c e of a n t iq u it ies [ a l s o s p e lt ar c h ae ol ogy ]
.

a z k i ol a d sr
’
-
.

a r ch e t y p a l
a dj a z k I - t a r p al a z k e t r p al
’ ’
- -
. .
,

az t S
'
a r ch e t y p e n a z k 1 - t a 1 p ; ( e r r on e ou s ly )
’
. 1 -t a 1 p .

a r ch e u s n v it a l . f
or ce [ a l s o s p e l t a r c h a e u s ; p l u r a l a r c h e i ] a z
’
i -
as .

az kI di a a z k r- d a i azk a - u i
’
e ka- n l
’
a r ch i d i a c o n a l n .
-
, .

0: l aw , a : f u r , ae c a t . o b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow a : a sk a r ki t e ;
h ot , or , , ,

l e n gt h - m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e c e d rn g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
s t r e ss - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch i e f s t re ss on t h e f o ll ow m e s y l l a b l e
30 P RE F A C E
v a lu e . It 15 ca p a b l e of pr od u cr n g con 5 1 d e ra b le re su l t s f or
e v e ry b ody A n y grv e n
. 1 n d rV 1 dua l rs a pt to fi n d rt of gr e a t
va l u e , b ot h d rr e ct a n d 1 nd 1 r e ct , t o h r m s e l f a nd t o ot h e r s .

C la rr f r ca t ion , as h e re d e scrib e d , con s rst s of a scie n t r f rcall y

s 1 m pl e se t of u n rve r sa l ru l e s a pp l rca b l e n ot only t o En gl r s h

b ut t o a m ul t r t u d e of ot h e r la n gu a ge s a nd dial e ct s . Srm pl r
f ie d sp e l l r n g , on t h e ot h e r h a n d , as us ua l ly ca rri e d on , con

5 15 t5 of a com plrca t ed con ge r ie s of s pe cial rul e s a ppl rcab l e t o

on e la n gua ge on ly . In so fa r as rt op e ra t e s m e r e ly b y om 1 t
t r n g u s e l e ss l e t t e rs , or ch oos r n g t he le ss e r of t w o or m or e

cacogr a f rc e v il s , rt 15 n e ga t r v rn m e t h od . It f
o t e n c ha n ge s

t he ge n e ra l form of w ord s . O n t h rs a ccou n t , a nd b eca use t he

s rm p l r fie d form s a re but r a re ly e n cou n t e rd , a nd t he n on ly rn

con v e n t ion a l su rr ou n d r n gs , t h e y a r e a p t t o be con s p rcu ou s , a n d

t he re a d e r 1 5 f
o t e n su b e ct e d t o j h rn d ran ce s , d rst ra ct i on s, a nd

s h ock s . It a lm ost a l w a ys l e a v e s t h e fe w word s w h1 ch rt af

f e ct s at a ll rn an 1 n e xa ct , p se u d o-
ort h ogr a f rc con d 1 t ion . It
f
t h e r e ore t e a ch e s Irtt le or n ot h 1 n g . T h rs f act 15 cl e a r to
m a n y f r lol ogrst s . Som et h r n g of t h e sor t 1 5 also d 1 m ly fe lt to
b e t ru e b y t h e pu b l rc . Sxm pl r f i e d s pe l l r n g se e m s r e l at r v ly

s u p e r ficia l , a n d h ardly ca pa b l e of p r od u cr n g gr e a t r e su lt s f or
a n y b od y . NO g 1 v e n 1 n d rV 1 d ua l rs a pt t o con 5 1 d e r rt of a ny

r m m e d ia t e va lu e , on t h e w h ol e , t o h rm s e l f or t o ot h e r s .

P h on et rc Sp e l l rn g . T he cu r re n t spe llr ng m ay , as rm

p l ie d rn t he a b ov e p a r a g ra f s, be re pla ce d by on e or m ore
sy s t e m s of f on e t 1 c s p e llr n g , e a ch sy s t e m b e1 ng a d a pt e d t o ce r
t a in spe c1 f 1 c pu rpose s . As r e m a r kt , f on e t 1 c s h ort h a n d or

f on ogr a fy ha s al re dy r e pl a ce d or s u ppl e m e n t e d t he cu rre n t

s p e ll r n g f or r e p or t oria l an d ot h e r pu rp ose s . Va r iou s s y st e m s

of r om a n -l e tt e r f on e t 1 c s p e ll rn g h av e a lr e dy su pp l e m e n t e d t he
cu r re n t s pe ll r n g r n t h e r e s p e l l r n gs g rv e n 1 n d 1 ct ion a r ie s .

T he f on e t 1 c al f ab e t s of t he r e ce n t p ast h av e ce rt a i n ly b ee n
'

ma kes h 1 ft a ffair s . Th e y a r e us u a lly de v ise d for t e m pora ry or

s p e cia l pu rp ose s , f or u se rn on e pa rt 1 cu l a r b ook, or rn on ly

on e l a n gu a ge . Th e m e n w h o d ev ise al fa b e t s f
o t en se e m to
t ake a sm u g sa t r s f a ct i on rn d or n g n ot h1 n g m ore t ha n w ha t
15 a b s olu t e ly n e cessa ry . A l f ab e t s su ch as t hose of We b st e r ,
 DI CTI O NARY O F HARD W O RD S 33

( in fla m m a t i on of a j oin t ) a G s a t 5 ; ( les s p r op

’
a rt h ritis n . z 1- 1
’
)
e r ly O saz
1 i -
t 1s .

opo d a
’
a r t h r op o d a n p l a z O s -
. . .

a rt ia d i d i
’ ’
n o e t -
ze
.
, o e t ad-
.

a r t i f i ce n [ l f ]
’
a l s o s p e
. t a r t i is a z t 1 -
f rs .

a r t i f i ce r n [ a l s o s p e l t
. ar t if i s er ] a z t 1 f 1 -
s oz ,
'
o z t r -
fisaz '

a r t i sa n n [ l l i ]
’ ’
a s o s p. e t a r t s a n a z t 1 -
z a n , a z t 1 -z
ze n az t 1 z e n , .

( e s t h e t ic or a rt ist ic p e r f or m e r or a r t iz a n ) a z t xist
’
a r t i st e n . .

a ru m n m
’
( p l a n
. t ) e z-
e a .

A r y a n a dj , n In d o e u r op e a n [ a ls o s pe l t A r ia n ] a zz -j a n , e
’
-
. .

’
z i- on ez i an
a ,
-
.

a ryb allu s n
’
v a se [ p l u r a l a r y b a l l i ] aeu b a l a s
. .

a yt
r e n o i d a j
d ( f u n n e l -
s h a p e d )
. a
’
z 1 t 1 -
n o r d te z 1
’
t 1 i -
n o1 d , .

A s n on e of t h e g od s i n h a b it i n g A sg a r d [ p l u r a l A es ir ] a s
. .

a s con j a dv .
,p r on a z ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) oz 2 s
.
, .
, , , .

a s n R om a n c oppe r c oi n [ a l s o f or m e r ly s p e lt as s e , a as ; pl ur
. , ,

a l a ss e s ] aes .

asa f et id a n [ s o s p e lt a s a oe
a l . t i d a, a s s a o e t i d a ] a fs a
’
f e t 1 -
da ; f
( v u l g a r ly ) 3 : 5 1 f e t 1
’
.

a s a r a b a c ca n p l a n t [ a l s o s p e l t a s a r a b a ca ] aesaz o b ze k a
’
. .

a s b e st os n fib r ou s h or n b l e n d
. etc ; a m ia n t [ sy n on y m ou s
, .

’ ’
c ogn a t e a s b e s t u s ] aes b e s t a s , aes b e s - t os .

a s b e s t u s n aes b e s t a s s a m e m e a m n g a s a s b e s t os
’
. . .

[ a l s o s p e l t as ce n d e n ce ] a s e n d a n s
’
a s ce n d a n c e n . .

y] a e d
’
a s c e n d a n cy n [ a l s o l
s p e t a s ce .n d e n c s n an -
sr .

a s c e n d a n t a dj [ a l s o s p e lt as c e n d e n t ] a s e n d a n t
’
n .
, . .

a s c e r t a i n v m a k e c e r t a i n ; f i n d ou t [ p a s t p a r t i c i pl e a n d p re t
.

a s c e r t a in d ] a s a z t e e n
’
e r 1 t a s c e r t a in e d , .

a s ce t e r y n d w e ll i n g- pla ce of a s ce t ics [ plu r a l a s c e t er i e s ]

.

’
a s e t a- z r .

i c a dj ( a b st i n e n t ; s t r ict ) o s e t 1 k
’
a s ce t . .

a s ce t i c n ( o n e w h o p
. r ac t i s e s s e l f -
d is cipl in b y ce lib a cy , f ast
i n g or t oil ) a s e t 1 k
’
, .

a s ci n
'
(p l u r
. a l o f a s c u s ) ae -
sa1 .

a s ci a n n ( s h ad ow l e s s p e rs on : t h a t i s , a n in h a b it a n t of t h e
.

'
t r op ics ) aaS an .

a s c i g e r o u s a dj ( i d
’
b e a r i n g a sc ) a s 1 3 z as
5 -
. .

( h e re t ic of t h e s e con d c e n t u ry ) a s a 1 t an , 2 5 1
’ ’
a s c i t a n a dj .
-

t on .

a s ci t e s ( dr op sy
b e ll y ) a sa 1 t i z of t h e
’
n. -
.

a s c i t i c a dj i i k
’
( o f a s c t e s d r o p.s c a l ) 5 5 1 t 1 ,
.

A s cl e p i a d n ( v e r s e ) ms k u i p esd ae s i k i p ad
i
’ ’
- - -
. u -
, .

s p or e - c a se [ pl u r a l a s c i ] ee s k as
’
a s cu s n . .

5 la w
< : , fur,a: a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r a u n ow a : a sk a t ki t e ;
h ot , o1 , , ,

l e n gt h - m a r k ( )
z 1 n d 1 ca t e 5 t h a t t h e p r e c e d m g s ou n d 1 5 l on g
s t r es ma rk
s -
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f
st r e ss on the foll ow rn g s yll a b le .
3 4 DI C TI ONARY O F HARD W O RD S
a sei t y n. ( se l f -e xi s t e n ce ) e s xi- r- t 1 ,
a
'
e 5 1 i- 1 -t 1 .
’

a s e xu a l j ( s e xu a l ) o se kS
’ ’
ad . n ot ; neuter u -al , o se k s cu - ol .

a sh n . re si d ue ofb ur n in g [ pl u ral as h e s ] ze s .

a s h a m e d l y a dv o S e e - m x- dh
’
. .

a sh a m e dn ess n oS e e m -d m s , o S e e -m x-d n rs
’ '
. .

a s h l e r n h e w n s t on e [ a l s o s p e l t a s h l a r ] mS
’
. L az .

A s i a n a dj ( of A s ia ) s e S on , e e son ; ( le ss p r op er ly ) e e - S
' ’
i- ou ,
’
- -
.

a o si on , e e - s i- ou
’ ’
- -
.

A s i a t i c a dj , n e e - S i a t 1 k , e e -si ae t rk
’ ’
. . .

ma
’ '
a i
s n i n e a d j ( o f a n a s s ) a s r-
. n a r n , a s r-
.

a s k v a zsk , a zs k a zs k
.
, .

a s ]: n ( n e w t ) a zs k, a zsk , a zsk
.

’
.
°

( sid e w is e ) a s k a zn s , a sk a zn s a skaezn s ; ( a ls o)
’ ’
a s l ra n c e a d v . ,
’
a s k a zn t s , e t c .

a s k e d v [ p as t p a rt 1 c1 p l e a n d p r e t e r rt of a s k ; a ls o s p e lt a s k t ]
.

a zs kt , ( p op u l a r ly r a p i d ly ) a zs t , .

a sp n .
( s e rpe n t ) a zs p , a zs p , x zs p .

a sp a r a gu s n. p la n t [v u lga r sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s p arr ow

]
'
gr as s e s pa s a - gos .

’
a s p e ct n .
( l ook ; a pp e a'ra n ce ) a -
s pe kt .

a s p e ct v. ( ob s ol e t e ) a s pe kt .

a dj
’ ’
a sp e n .
, n . e s pa n ,
a a z- s pa n .

d siz , a s p a zz - dsi z .
’ ’
a sp e r g e s n .
( a n t ip h on ) o sps z -

a sp e r s e v . b es pa t t e r ; sl a n d e r [ p as t pa rt 1 c 1 pl e and p r e t e r 1t
as p e rs e d , a s per s t ]
’
o s p a zz s .

a sp h alt n a s -
f ae l t, a
. s f’
ae l t , ae s - ol t
; ( v u lg a r l y)
’
ae Sf cl t
-
’
f '
.

a s p h a l t v a s fae t , a s acit
’
l
’
.
-
f .

a s p h a l t u m n a s fael t a m
’
. .

’
a sp h od el n (p l a n t ) a
e s f
. o -
del .

a sp h yx i a n ( ab s e ce n o f
. u
p s , l e e t c ) aes
’
fi k s i -
a . .

’ ’
a sp i a r n t n (o e w n h o a.s p i re s) a s p a r-
z o n t , a s p o-z a n t
; ( a ls o,
f
o t e ) a pa
n
’
s i o -
z an t .

h
’
a sp i a t e v
r (g ei v t e h .
-
s o u n d t o ) w s p z et
a -
.

a s p i a t e a dj ,
r n
'
a s p a -z a
t , ( ra i d ly ) ae s ps at
. .
’
p .

a ss n (.
q u a d r u p e d ; o o l ) a z s ,
a zs , ae zs f .

a s s a g a i n sp e a r [ s . n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e ay ss e g ]
a i
'
a sa -
ga x, a s a
’
g a 1 ; ( i m r o e r l y)
’
p p
ae s a -
g e , o
’
s e e -
g r .

’
a s s a i a dv ( v e ry ) o s a 1 . .

a s sa y n , v a t t e m p t [ a s v e r b , p a s t p a r t 1 c 1 pl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t a s
. .

as s a y d ] o s e e
’
s ay e d ,
.

o sa z S on , o ss zz S
' '
a s s e r t i on n on -
. .

a sse ss v f ix t h e a m ou n t of ; t a x ; i n e [ p a s t p a r t 1 c 1 pl e a n d
. f
p r e t e r xt a s s e s s e d ass e s t ] a s e s
’
.
,

j 9
ye , eu r o ; ot h e , 0t h i n 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe t Sch e w ;
,

w w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , a f u ll, ou f ool 1 i t 1 1 s e e ;

, ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , a b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, 5 b ed, ee gat e ;

 DI C TI ONARY O F HARD W O RD S 3S
’ '
r e s ou rce )
’
ass et n .
( ze - s e t , e s 1t
a ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) a se t .

A s si d e a n n C h a si d e a n [ a ls o sp e lt A ss id a e a n , A s id a e a n
.
,

A s s id i a n ] ae s r d 1 i a n
’
-
.

assi d u i t y n i s] j
’
i l i
d g c [ p u l ass d
e n e l r a . i u t i e ae s r d u u -
r tr -
.

a s s i d u ou s a d j ( a t t e n t iv ) 9 5 1 d 3 u as
’
-
. .

as si g n v a llot . a pp oi n t ; p oi n t ou t ; a s cr ib e , [p as t pa rt 1c 1 pl e
ass ig n d ] a s a m
’
a n d p r e t e r rt a ss ig n e d , .

'
a s s i g n a b l e a dj a s a 1 n a b al .
- -
.

’
( n ot e ) ze s 1 g n a t a s xn j a
’
a s si g n a t n .
-
,

m San
’
a s s i g n a t i on n ( pp
a o r t i on m e n t e t c ) a g
. n e e -
, . .

a s si g n e e n ( on e t o ’w h om a r igh t is a s sign e d ; a ssign ) ae sr

.

n ri ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) a s a 1 n i
’ -
.

( on e w h o a s sign s or a pp or t i on s ) a s a 1 n oz
’
a s si gn er n -
. .

a s s i g n or n ( on e w h o a ss ig n s ’ or f or m a lly t ra n s fe r’s t o a n
.
, ,

ot h e r , a r ig h t or p r op e rt y ) x 5 1 n ozz ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) a sa r n oz -
.

’
a s s i z e r n j u ry m a n [ a l s o s p e lt as s iz or , as s is or , as s is e r ] o s a r
.

z oz .

a s s o ci a t e Si n ., a d
; p r op e rly ) j .
’
a s oo- -
at ( le s s o s
'
oo-
s i-
at .

i e t ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) o s oo s i e t
’ ’
a s s o c i a t e v a soo S .
- - - -
.

a s oS i ee S o s os i e e S
' '
a s s o ci a t i on n an on .
- -
,
- -
.

'
a s s o n a n t a dj ( cor r e spon d i n g i n v ow e l s ou n d ) a sa n an t
.
- -
.

a s su m p t i o n a d j a s xm p S o sa m S
' ’
an an .
, .

( star ) fi e s t e a s k ; ( i m p r op e r ly )
’
a st e r i sk n . ae st o z 1k - -
.

a st h en ia n ( d e b il it y ) a s G ri u i a ae s O 1 n a i o
’ ’
- - -
. .
,

a st h m a
'
( lab or e d b r e a t h i n g e t c ) a z m a a s u a a st u a
’ ’
n .
, .
, , ,

ms eu a
'
.

a s t h m a t i c a dj a s O maeu k
’ '
aez m a t rk , a s m aet I k a st m a t rk
' '
.
.
, ,

a st i gm a t i sm n ( d e f e ct of t h e e y e ) a s t 1 g m o t 1 z a m
'
-
. .

( fu r ) a s t ra ka n a st ga ka n a st ra ka n
’ ’ ’
a st r a k h a n n .
-
,
-
, .

( cra f t y ) o s t cuu t ; ( d i a le ct a lly ) a s t u u t

’ ’
a s t u t e a dj . .

a sy l u m n [ pl u r a l a s y l u m s ; a l s o 1 n t h e se n s e of a s a n ct ua ry
. ,

or r e f u ge a s yl a ] a sa r l a m
'
-
, .

a s y m p t ot e n ( lin e w hich a ppr oach e s a cu rv e i n de fin itly )

.

'
a3 5 1 m - t ot .

at pr ep ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) at
. a t, .

a t a v i o a dj ( of a t av is m ) a ta v rk
'
. .

a t a v i sm n ( r e v e r si on t o a n ce s t ra l f orm ) a t a v n om
’
-
. .

a t a xi a n ( l a ck of coor din a t i on of b odily m ov e m e n t s )

’
. a ta k
5 1-5 .

( a t a xi a
'
tz ks r, t ok- S L
'
a t a xy n .
) a a

a te v .
p r e t e r 1 t of e a t [ d i a l e ct a l syn on ym ou s cog n at e e a t ]
ae t , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) e t ; ( a ls o, n or m a l ly i n B r i t a in , e xce t p
i n g Ir e l a n d , bu t in A m e r ic a v u lg a r ly or l oca lly ) et , ( in
c: law , f u r ac ca t , o h ot , or b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow 5 : a sk a 1 kit e ;
a: , , ,

l e n gt h - m a rk ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d m g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 c a t e s ch 1e s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow m g sy ll a b l e f .
 36 DI CTIONARY O F HARD W O RD S
Ire la n d ) rit , ( w h en u n s tre s t ) i t ; ( or m e r ly ) aezt , e zt e zt f , ,

i zt .

A t h a n a s i a n adj a o n e e S
’
a n , ze O a n e e - son
'
-
. .

a t h a n a sy n ( d h l i m m i
’
e a t . e ss n e ss , o r t a l t y) o O x n o-
sr .

A t h e n e u m n [ a lso s p e l t A t h e n a e u m ] aaG 1 n 1 i- e m ; ( ef r a n e '

.

o s y) i i em
’
u l a O r - n -
.

A t h e n i a n a dj ( of A t h e ns ) a O ri-a i-ou
’
. .

a l it ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) a o-l it
’
at h l et e n
'
-
. .

a t h l e t i c a dj a l e t 1 k ; ( i m p r op er ly ) a O a l e fik
' '
n .
, . .

A t l a n t e a n a dj of A t la s ; of A t l a n t is [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s p e lt
.

A t l an t ia n ] a t l a n t i- an , a t r aan u i -an
' '
.

a t ol l n ( i l t ol ; ( l e s s p r op
’
r
. n g
-
s h a p e d c or a l i s a n d ) e t o l
’
z -
,
’
er ly ) e e -t ol
a t om n ( in di v i sib l e p art icl e ) mt om
'
. .

a t o m i c a dj ( of a t om s ; a t om l ik e) a t om rk
’
-
. .

a t r i u m n c ou rt ; h a l l [ pl u ra l a t r i a ] e e -t ri- om
’
. .

a t r op i n e n [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t a t r op i n ] aat go-p m , aat ga

' ’
.

p a rn .

t a c h e n ( on e a t t a cht ) aet o S
’
at e S
’
. e e , a ta ee .

[ a l s o sp e l t a tt a ck t ] s taak t ; ( v u lg a r ly ) a ta kfi d
’
a t t a ck e d v
’
. .

. f
a t t a r n p e r u m e [ a ls o s p e l t a t a r ; s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e o t t a r ,
'
ot t o] e t oz .
a

t e n t i o n n a t e n Son
’
at . .

a t t i t u d i n i s e v p ose [ a l s o s p e l t a t t i t u d in is e ] aet 1 t cu u - d n - a rz
’
. .

a t t o r n e y n o t a z n r ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly or v u lg a r ly ) o t o zz - m
' '
. .

[ a ls o sp e lt a t tr a c t or ] a t gaek t az
’
a t t r a c t or n . .

'
attrib ut e n ( ch a ra c. t e r i s t ic ) ae t g bj ut
r -
.

at t rib u t e v ( a ss ign ; r e e r ) o t r1 b j ot
.
'
f .

i n n k e e p e r [ a l s o s p e lt a u b er gis t e ] c z-b oz -d 3 1 st
’
a u b e r gi st n . .

c zk- S ok S
’ '
a u ct i on n . on ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) an .

a u d a c i o u s a dj ( b o l d ) c
’
d e c
. S s ; ( i m r o er ly ) c daeSos
- o
’
p p .

'
-d o-b ol
a u d i b l e a dj ( ca p a b l.e o f b e i n g h e ar d ) c z .

c z- dson s
' ’
au d i e n ce n c : - d i- an 5 ; ( v u lg a r l y )
. .

’
a u f a i t a dj ( u p t o t h e m a r k ; e xpe r t ) o f e e
. .

A u g e a n a dj ( of A n gou s ) c d sri ou ; ( e rr o e o s y )
.
’
- n u l
’
c z-
d s i -o
u .

au ger n ( b.o r in g -
t oo l )
’
cz -
g az .

au gh t n a n yt h i n g [ a l s o s p e l t ough t ] czt
. .

a u gm en t v ( in cr e a s e ) cg m e n t
’
. .

au gm en t n i -m an t
’
(p re . f xt v o w e l ) c zg .

m
'
a u g m e n t a t i v e a dj n [ a s sp t a g
l o e l u., m. e n t a t iv ] g
c e n t o-t 1 v .

( t rp e t e r of a u 5 p s e s i )
’
a u gu r n i n .e r o r s i gn s c z-
gaz .

a u g u r v d iv in e . f or b a d e a n t icipat e ; b e t ok e n [ p a s t p a r t rcrple
, ,

a n d p r e t e r 1 t a u gu r e d ]
'
c z- gaz .

j c cu re ; b t he 9 t h in ; 3 az u r e , d z oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
'

ye , ,

w w h e y ; 1) 5 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , u f u l
.

ou ool , 1 it , 1 i s e e ; f
0 poe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , a b u t , 0: door , 00 n o, 5 b e d, s e gat e ;
 DI C T I ONARY O F HARD WORD S 37

j j
’
au gu r al ad . c z- g u - z a l .

( m a j e s t ic ) c ga st
’
a u gu j st ad . .

A u g u s t n ( m on t h ) c z gas t
’
-
. .

’
A u g u s t a n a d j ( of A u g u s t u s ; of A u gsb u r g) c ga st on . .

A u g u s t i n n a dj [ a l s o s p e lt A u gu s t i n e ] c gA s t m st m
' ’
.
, c z go .
,
- -
.

a u m b ry n.
’
c zm -
bz 1 . sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s a m b ry .

aun t n .
( sist e r of on e s
’
fat h e r or m ot he r ) a znt , a za t , a mt ;
( a n t er i or ly , a s a ti t le ) ant , a n t , a nt

]
’ ’
au n ty n . [ a l so sp e lt a un t i e a zn - t 1 , a zn - t r, e zn - t r
a .

’
a u r e ol a n. ( ce l e s t i a l cr ow n ; a u r e ol e ) c z 1 i-o-l a ( e r r on e ou s ly )
cz i oo- l o.
’

c ri
'
a u r e ol e ( e s t ia l
l a u re ola ; gol d d is k ; h al o)
-
n . c e cr ow n ; z

01 .

' ’
nu r e v oi r in t er j .
( u n t il w e meet ag a i n ! ) oz a v w ozz , oz o v w czz ,
’
oz o v w a zz .

'
au r i st n .
( e a r - s p e c i a l i st ) c z-z 1 s t .
z ok s
’
a u r o ch s i l k
’
( d o x
n. ) c z-
z o s w
, a u -
.

' '
a u r or a b o r e a l i s n ( n o r t h e r n l ig h t s ) c z o. z-
z a -
b o z i e e -
h s,
e z u z z a b oz i a z h s
’ ’
- - -
.

’
a u sp i ce n om e n [ a l s o s pe lt a u spis ] c z- s p xs
. .

’
A u s t r a l a s i a n a dj c z- s t ga l e e - S
'
a n , c z- s t re l e c - son
. .

a u t h or n [ s ,
a l o o .r m e r l y , sp e l t a u t h o u f
r ]
'
c z-
O az
a u t h or e s s n [ s ,
a l o o r m e r l y , sp
. e l t a u t h o u r efss ] c z -
O s -
z 1s .

l
’
a u t h or i z e v [ a l s o s p t a
e u t
. h o s ]
r i e c z-
O s -z
a1z .

g f ]
’
a u t ob i o g a p r h e r n [ a l s o s p e lt a t u o b i o r a . e r c z-
t a -
b a i ogz a
-
p p
f e z ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) c z t a b i ogz a - f az
’
.

i
a u t ob o g r a p h y n [ a so sp e t a t ob og afy ] c
l l u i r . z-
t o -
b a i
’
o g z o -
fi
p p
( le s s r o e r ly ) c : t ab i ogz a f 1
’
- -
.

a u t o ch t h on n a b or igin a l [ pl u ra l a u t oc h t h on s , a u t oc h t h on e s ]
.

c t ok O a n , a t ok O on
’ ’
-
.

( pl u r al of a u t oc h t h on ) c t o’ O n i z k
’
a u t o c h t h on e s n . o -
.

a u t ocr a cy n se l -
r u e [ p u r a l a u ocr a ci e s ] c t o
l l . t f k s s - 1
s .

a u t o -d a -f é n act o f a it h : j u d i cia l a ct or se n t e n ce of t h e
. f
In q u is it on [ a l s o s p e t a u t o d o fé, a u t o d a fe , a
i l u t o -
d e -fé,
a u t o d e f e ; p l u r a l a u t os - d a f é ] c z-t o- d a f e e , a o- t o d a s o
' ’
- -
f .

a u t ogr a p h n [ a s o s pe lt a u t ogr a ] c z t o gz a zf
l .
’
-
f -
.

a u t o m a t on n s e l - m ov e r . f
[p lu r al a u t om a t a, a u tom a t on s ]
c t om a - t on , c t om a - t a n
’ ’
.

a u t o m ob i l e c z-t a- m o b 1 il , ct a m oo-b il , ct a m oo- b 1 l ,

’ ’ ’ ’
n . c z- t a
m o-b il .

a u t op s y n ( a s e e i n g f
. o r o n e
’
s s e l ; p o s t -
m o r t e m )
’
c z- t o p 5 1 , f
'
c t op s r .

au tum n n . f a ll [ a l s o sp e lt a u tu m ]
’
c z-t om .

0: l aw fu r ,
, a: a e at , a f a r 00 n ow , a : a sk , a r k i t e ;
h ot , ox b oy ; a : ,

l e n gt h - m a rk ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e 5 t hat t h e p re ce d xn g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
s t re ss -
mark I n d i cat e s c h ie f s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow m g sy l lab l e
38 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
a ss is t a n t
'
j cg z 1 l i- a -z 1 , c g z 1 l i- e z 1
'
a u x il i a r y ad .
, n. ( ) .

a v a l a n ch e i d f d
'
( d e s c e n t o r n s l . e o sn o w ; l a n -
sl id e ) a vo

m S, la n t s ; ( a l s o, es p ecia lly
’
S,
'
-l l
l a zn t S
’
, a v o a z n t v a -
z z n t a v o-

a vo la a , ee v o l a a , a v o la a ,
' ' ’ ’
i n B r i t a in ) - - -
x v a-l ae n s;

( r are ly ) a v o l a a
’
.

d
’
- d ) d
’
t gu a ( o o o o n ga zz d
n r - -
ava n r e n v a g a v ng a zz . v , .

y [ l ]
'
a v a r i c e n cu p i d i t a l
. s o s p e t av a r is a v o -
a 1s .

avatar n ( d e sce n t of a d e it y t o e a rt h ; m a n i f e st a t ion a s a

.

’ ’
p ow er ) ze v o t a zz , a v o- t a z .

t i n t er j ( m ov e on ! b e of f ! ) o v c zn t , o v a zn t o v a zn t
’ ’ '
avaun . , .

a v ell an a dj of t h e f ilb e rt [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e av e l l a n e ]

.

’ ’
l
e v e on a v o l on
-
, .

A v e M a r i a n Hail M a ry , a pra y e r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e

.

m i -m o i
’
A ve M a y ] cc
’
r -w - a z r -
o, a z-v r z 1 -
o .

a v en t ail n flap of a he lm e t [a lso spe l t ave n tayle , av en ta il e ]

.

'
a v on - t e l .

a v en t u r i n n g l a ss ; q u ar t z [ a l s
. o s p e lt a v en t u r i n e ] a ven
’

tS
a-z rn.

(
’
j mv r j
’ ’
a v en u e n. w ay ) z v r-n o ; ( v u ga r l y ) -
n a, a v a- n u .

i
'
aver n . ob s ole t e ( p os s e ss on ; b e a st of b u r de n ) e e - v az .

av er v .
j u st i fy a pl e a ; a ss e r t as a f a ct [ p ast pa rt 1 c 1 pl e an d
’
pr e t e r 1 t a v e rr e d , a v e r d ] o v s zz .

i h y ) o v az S
’ '
a v e r s i on n .
( t u r n in g a w a y ; a n t p a t on , a v a zz - 3 a n .

A v e s n pl ( b ird s ) s e -v iz
'
. . .

'
a v i a r y n b ir d h ou se [ p l u r al a v ia r i e s ] e e v i ez 1,
'
-
.
- -
e e -v i- o z 1 -
.

i ) S
’ ’
a v i cu l t u r e n ( r e a r i n g o f b . r d s ze v r -
k A l t a z e e -
w -
k a l t caz , .

a v i f or m a jd ( b i r d -
s h a p e d )
.
’
e e -
v r-
f a ze m .

a v i s o n a d v ice [ p l u r al av is os ] o v a r- z o
'
. .

a v o i r d u p oi s n ( sy st e m of w e igh t ) a v az d o p o1 z ; ( imp r op er
'
.

’
ly ) a v oz d o p on
’
a v os e t n b ird [ al s o s pe lt a v oc e t ] aev o-s e t
. .

a w e e k — n n)
’
a w a k en i n g n . .

a w e v i n s p ir e w it h d r e a d ; d a u n t [ p a s t p a rt rc rpl e a n d p re t e
.

r 1 t aw e d a w d ] c

a w f u l a dj [ a so a y , p t a e
l r r.e l s e l w u l ]
,
’
cz -
f al f .

( w he n l es s s t r e s t ) of ai
'
a w f u l a dv c z- f a l
’
.
, .

a w f u l l y a dv c z- f a-l 1 ( a ls o r ap i d ly in t h e s e n s e of d rea d
'
. , ,
,

fu l ly v e r y m uch v e ry ) c : i r 1 ( w h e n l es s s tr e s t ) cf m
,
’
-
,
’
.
, .

a w r y a dv a dj ( a sk e w ) a z a r
’
. .
, .

a x n cu tt i n g- t ool [ a l so spe lt ax e ; pl ur a l axe s ] ask s

.
.

( pl u r al of a x ) aek s rz
’
a xe s n . .

axe s n (p l u r.a l o f a x i s )
'
ae k -
s iz .

a x i a l a dj ( f o r m i n
.
g a n a x i s ; o f a n a x i s )
’
a c k si -
ol .

j ye c cu r e ; a t he , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

w w h e n ; 1) s i ng ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , 1 i t , 1 i s e e
;
.

f f
0 poe t 1c ; a ov er, e ae r1al , a b u t , 0: door, 00 n o, 5 b e d, s o g at e
;
4
0 DI C TI O NARY O F H ARD WORD S
b a c c h a n t e s n ( pl u ra l of b acc ha n t e ) b o kze n t iz . b a kon t s
’
-
,
'
.

b a c c i f o r m a d j ( b e r ry sh a pe d ) b ae k s r-f o zz m
'
- . .

b a c h e l o r n b aet S1 l oz ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) b azt S
'
ol d oz
'
- -
. .

b a c i l l a r y a dj ( of b a cilli ; r od lik e ) b a s 1 l e z 1
'
-
. .

b a c i l l i n ( p lu ra l of b a cil lu s ) b a s r l a r b a s rl a 1
’ ’
.
-
, .

b a c i l l u s n [ p lu ra l b a cil li ] b o s fl os ; ( er r on e ou sly ) b ae s r-l a s

’ '
. .

b a c k b o n e n b aek b oon b ze k -b oon

’ ’
. , .

b a c k g a m m o n n v b ee k gaom e n , b eek gze m an

’ ’
-
.
, . .

b a c k h o u s e n ( p ri vy ) b aek h a os , bz k-a us
’ ’
-
. .

b a c k s h e e s h u s e e b a ks his h . .

b a c k s l i d e v b ze k s r a 1 d b a k s r a rd
' ’
-
. , .

b a c k s l i d e r n b mk s e a 1 d oz b mk se a r-d az
' ’
- -
.
, .

b a c k s t a i r s a d j ( i n t rigu in g ) b ze k st e ze r
'
-
. .

b a c k s t a i r s n b ae k s t e zz z
’ ’
b a k s t e zz z . ,
-
.

b a c t e r i a n ( p lu r a l of b a ct er i u m) b ee k t n z i -o
.
’
-
.

b a c t e r i u m n [ pl u r a l b a c t e r ia ] b ee k t xz-z i- e m
’
. .

b a d a dj n ( e v il ) b re d ( of t e n w h e n m or e s tr es t ) bau d
.
, .
, , .

b a d v [ pr e t e r 1 t of b i d ; a l s o spe lt b a d e ] b ee d
. .

b a d e v b aed ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) b e e d
. see b a d . .

b a d i n a g e n ( b a n t e r ) b aed n 1 d 3 b aed 1 n 1 d 3 b re d 1 n a z3
' ’ ’
- -
.
, , .

b a g a t e l l e n ( t r i f le ) b ae ga t e l ; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) bz go-t e l
’ ’
. .

b a g g a g e n ( b ags t ru n ks e t c ; lu gga ge ) b ee g 1 d3
'
. .
.
, ,

b a g n i o n ( b a t h e t c ) b ze nj o ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) bae gn i o
' ’
-
. , . .

b a g u e t n m ol d ing [ a l s o spe lt b ag ue t t e ] bae ge t

’
.

b a h in t e rj ( e xp r e s s rn g con t e m pt , e t c ) b a z
. . .

b a i g n o i r e n b ox in a t h e at e r [ a lso sp e lt b aign oir ] b o n w o:z

’
.
,
’
b e e - n w ozz .

b ail 1
n h oop , r in g, b a ske t -h a n d le [ s om e t i m e s 1 m p rope rly
.

s pe l t b a l e ] b e e l .

2
. f
b a i l n ou t e r ort i ica t ion or w a ll [ a ls o sp e l t b ay l e ] b e e l f .

’
b a i l v r e m ov e ( w a t e r ) ;
. r e e ( a b oa t ) r om w a t e r w it h a f f
b u ck e t or b a s in [ a l s o, l e ss p r ope rly , sp e l t b al e ; p ast pa rt rc r
ple a n d pr e t e r 1 t b a il e d, b a il d ] b e e l .

b a i l e r n on e w h o d e liv e r s g oods t o an ot he r i n b a ilm e n t

’
.

[ a s o, s im l ] b -l
'
l o m e t e s , s p e t b a i l o r e e az .

b a i l e r n on e w h o b a ils ou t w a t e r ; v e s se l u se d f or b aili n g
’
.

]
'
[ a l s o s p e l t b a l er b e e -
l az .

b a i l i e r y n b a ilie s j u risd ict i on [ al so s pe lt b a ili ary a n d , f or

’
.

m e r ly , b ailli er y , b ai llia r y, b a ill er ie ] b e e l i e z r, b e e -l i-a-z r,

' '
- -

b e e - l r-z r
’
.

b a i l i f f n ( of icer ; ov ers ee r ) b e e -l rf
. f '
.

b a i l i w i ck n ( pr e cin ct of a b a il i ) b e e -l x-W1 k
.
’
ff .

‘
b a i l o r n ( l aw ) b e el ozz s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b a il er
’
. . .

j c cu e ; 0t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ;
ye , r s h oe , t Sch e w ;
w w h e n ; n 5 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , o f u ll , ou ool , r it , ri s e e ;
.

0 poet 1c ; a ov er, e ae n al, a bu t , 0: door, 00 no. e b ed, ao gat e ;

 DI C TI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
I

B a ir a m n. f e s t i v a l [ a l s o s pe l t B ei ra m ] b a1
’
z a zm , b a r-z om
'
.

b a i s e n (w . ool e n f a b ric) b e e z .

b a j o c c o n coi n [ a ls o s p e lt b a iocco ; plur a l b aj occhi ] b o j oko

.
’
.

b a k s h i s h n t ip, f e e [ a lso spe lt b akhs his h, b a ks h e es h, back

.

i ] - i
’
s h e e s h, b a c k s h s h b a
e k SS .

b a l a n c e s h e e t n b ael a n S-S1 it
- ’
. .

b a l a s n ru b y [ a l s o sp e l t b a la ss ] b aal os , b ae l a s
.
' '
.

b a l c o n y n beci ka m ; ( for m e r ly ) b a l k oo m
’ '
- -
. .

b a l d a ch i n n ca n opy [ a l s o sp e l t b al d a q u in ] b z l d o k m
.
’
-
.

b a l d e r d a s h n ( se n s e l e s s prat e ) b ozi-daz d
'
.
-
.

b a l d -h e a d e d a dj [ a l s o sp e l t b a ld-h e d e d ] b czl d h e d xd , ( as
’
.

s u m pt iv ly ) b c zl d -h e d rd
’
.

b a l e n s e e b a il
1
.
1
.

b a l e v s e e b a il
’
.
’
.

b a l i s t e r n ( ob s ol e t e ) cr ossb ow m a n [ syn on y m ou s cogn at e

.

b a l e s te r ] b ze l 1 s t az ba l r- st az
’ ’
, .

b a l i s t e r n ( ob s ol e t e ) a rb a lis t cr ossb ow [ a ls o s p e lt b a llis te r ]

. ,

b m h s t az , b ae l r- st az
' ’
.

b a l i z e n b e acon [ als o s p e l t b a lis e ] b a l xiz

.
’
.

b a l k n ri d ge ; b lu n d e r ; b e a m [ a ls o sp e lt b a u l k] b czk
. .

b a l k v hi n d e r ; s t op s h or t [ a l s o s pe lt b au l k ; p a s t pa rt 1 c1 ple
.

a n d p r e t e r 1 t b a l k e d , b a l k t ] b c zk .

b a l l n ( sph e re , gl ob e , e t c ) b czl
. . .

b a l l a d n ( s on g ; p oe m ) b ae l ad
’
. .

b a l l a d e n ( p oe m in st a n z a s , e t c ) b ae l a zd
.
'
. .

b a l l a s t n ( w e igh t , e t c : r oa d m e t a l ) b ael a st
.
'
.
-
.

b a l l e t n ( d a n ce ) b ae l o, b ael e , b ae l e e , b ael 1 t
' ’ ’ ’ -
. .

b a l l e t n ob s ole t e ( l it t l e b a ll ) b ae l xt
’
. .

b a l l i s t a n m ilit a ry e n gi n [ a ls o sp e lt b a l is t a ; pl u ral b all is

.

t ae , b a l lis t as ] b ee h s t a
’
.

b a l l i s t e r n ob s ol e t e [ a l s o s pe lt b a l is t e r ] b a l r-s t az
.
'
sa m e .

m e s a 1 ng a s b a l us t er .

b a l l o o n n ( i n l a t e d b a ll , e t c ) b a l ou n
.
’
f . .

b a l l o t n ( v ot in g b a ll ; v ot in g pa p e r ) b ml a t
- .
'
-
.

b a l l o t a d e n le ap of a h orse [ a ls o s pe lt b a l lot t a d e, b a l ot a d e ]
.

’
b a l o t e e d , b ael a t a zd
'
.

b a l m n ( a r om a t ic su b st a n ce ) b a zm ; ( d i a l e ct ally , v u lgar ly )
.

b ze zm .

B a l m or a l n ( cap ; b oot ) b ael m oz al ; ( le ss ro e r ly ) b r l m o p p

’ ’
.

z al .

b a l s a m n ( b al m , e t c ; pla n t ) b c zl - s am
'
. . .

b a l s a m i c a dj , n b cl sae m xk , b a l sa m xk ; ( i m r o e r ly ) b czl
’ '
.
’
. p p
sa- m 1 k .

c: l aw f u r , ao ca t , 0 h ot , o1 b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , a : a s k , a x kit e
, a:
°

l e n gt h -m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t ha t t h e pre ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ,
st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow m g s yl lab l e f .
4
2 DI C TION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
b a l u st er n. s m a ll colu m n ; b ol s t e r [ a l so s p e lt
b a ll u s t er ; f or
m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s b a llis t er ,
'
b a lis t er ] b z l o s t oz -
.

b a l u s t r a d e n b a l o st ge e d
’
. .

b a m b i n o n b a b y ; C h ild J e su s [ pl u ra l b a m b in i ] b ze m b ri -n o
'
. .

b a m b oo n ( gr a ss ; ca n e ) b a m b uu ( a n t er i or ly, of t e n ) b aem
’ ’
.
,

bu .

b an n. [ pl ural b an s a n d, 1a t h e s e n s e of a p rocla m a t ion of

an i n t e n d e d m a r r i a ge i n a chu r ch , o ft e n a l s o b a n n s ] b een .

b a n a l a dj of a b a n ; com m on pl a ce [ al s o, f or m e r ly , s pe l t
.

b a n n a l ] b mn al , b e e -n al
’ '
.

b a n a l i t y n b o n ml r-t r
’
. .

b a n a n a n ( t r e e ; f ru i t.
) b o
’
n a
e n o b a
’
n a z-
n a ; ( r a r e l y ) b a
’
n e e ,

no

b a n d a n a n h a n d k e r chi e f [ a ls o sp e lt b a n d a n n a ] b ae n d a n a
’
. .

b b k
' '
a n d o x n b a
e n d b o s b
. e
e n -
b oks -
, .

b a n d e r i l l e r o n ( b u l l f i g h t e r ) b a n d az fl j e z z o
’
- -
. .

b a n d e r ol n hw n d 1 z al s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b a n d e r ol e
’
-
. . .

b a n d e r ol e n s m a ll f la g ; b a n d [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s b a n d e
.

b mn d l z ol
’
r ol b a n d r ol b a n n e r ol ]
, ,
-
.

b a n d i t n b r ig a n d [ pl u r al b a n d i t s b a n d i t t i ] b ze n d l t
’
. .
,

b a n d i t t i n ( pl u ral of b a n d i t ) b aen d 1 t 1
’
. .

b a n d ol e e r n b e l t ; p ow d e r ca se [ a l s o s p e l t b a n d ol ie r a n d
.
-
,

f or m e rly b a n d olie r ; f or m e r syn ony m ou s cog n a t e s b a n d il e er

, ,
’
b a n d e l i e r ] b x n d o h zz .

b a n d o l i n e n su b s t a n ce [ a ls o s p e l t b an dol in ] b ze n d o l rn
’
-
. .

s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b a n d e r ol e
’
b a n d r o l n b at n d ral . . .

b a n d y -l e g g e d a dj b ae n d 1 l e g 1 d b ze n d r l e g d
’ '
- -
.
.
,

b a n i a n n b ae n j a n s a m e m e a n 1 n g as b a n y a n
’
. . .

b a n i s t e r n s m al l c olu m n ; b alu s t e r [ al s o s pe lt b a nn is t er ]
.

b ee m -s t oz
’
.

k b k ’
'
b a n k r u p t cy n . b a
e n S A p s r a
e n-
s op s
- r
, .

b a n n e d a dj . cu rst ; p r oh ib it e d [ a l s o s p e l t b a n d ] b a n d .

b an n er et n. lit t le b a n n e r , b a n d e r ole [ a l s o s pe l t b a n n er e t t e ]
’
ba no z e t .

( b a n n e r d k n ight ) b aen o z at
’
b an n er et n .
-
.

b a n n e r ol n b a n d e r ol e , e s p e c ia ll 1 n t h e s e n s e of a s cu lp
. y
t u r e d b an d a d a p t e d t o r e ce iv e a n i n s cr ip t i on a n d a l s o 1 n ,

t h e s e n s e of a s m a ll b a n n e r or l a g u s e d i n E n gl a n d ov e r f
t omb s [ s om e t i e s e
m rr on e ou s l y s p t
e l b a n n er -
r ol l, b a n n e r ol ]

b ae n o z ol b mn a z ol
' ’
- -
.
,

b a n n i s t e r n s e e b a n is t e r . .

b a n n s n pl s e e u n d e r b a n
. . .

'
f '
b a n q u e t n ( e a st ) b ae nk w rt ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) b x n k w 1 t
. p p -
.

j ye e cu r
, e ; a t h e 0 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w
.

w w h e n ; n s m g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , ou ool , 1 i t , 1 i s e e
.

f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e g at e ,
 DI C TI O NARY O F HARD W ORD S 4
3

b an q u et t e ( r aise d b a n k , b e n ch , s id e w a l k
’

’
n. w ay , ) b e n ke t ,

b a n ke t .

b a n sh e e ( fe m a l e f a ir y )
’
b r u S1 i , b se n - S1i
’
n. .

b an yan n. t re e [ a ls o s p e l t b a n ia n ]
’
b a n j on ; ( le ss p r op er ly)
b a n i- a n j ae n
’ ’
, b aan .

b a ob a b
’
n. ( t re e ) b e e -
a- b a b .

b a p t i s m n b at p - t 1 z om , b a p - t 1 z m
’ ’
. .

b a p t i s m a l a dj b ae p t 1 z m al ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) b ae p-t xz m al
’ ’
. .

b a p t i s t e r y n b ae p t 1 s t a z 1 s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b a p t is t r y
’
-
. . .

b a p t i s t r y n [ sy n o n y m ou s cog n a t e b a p t is t er y ] b ae p t 1 - s t g1
’
. .

b a p t i z e n [ a l s o s p e l t b ap t is e ] b x p t a 1 z , b te p - t a 1 z
’ ’
. .

b a r b a r i s a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e lt b a r b a r is a t ion ] b a z b az 1 z e e - S
’
. on ,

b oz b a z a x z e e S
'
-
an -
.

b a b a i z e v [ so spe t b a b a s e ] b a b o z a 1 z
l
’
r r a l r .r i zz - -
.

b a r b a r o u s a dj ( f ore ig n ; ru d e ) b a zz - b a z a s b a zz - b z as
’ ’
-
. , .

B a r b a r y a d j ( b a r b a r ia n of t h e n or t h e r n coa s t of A fr ica )
. ,
’ ’
b o zz -b a -e x, ( o t e n a s s u m pt iv ly ) b a zz b z 1 f ,
-
.

b a r b e c u e n gridi r on [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e b ar b a c u e ] b a zz
’
.

b 1 - k eu .

b a r b e r r y n s h ru b ; f ru it [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e b er b er ry ]
.

’
b o zz - b e z 1 , b o zz b o z l , b a zz b e z 1
’ ’
- - -
,

b b ( b h
’
a r e r y n r a r e t h e a
. r b e r s a r t ; s a v i n g)
’
b a zz -
b a -
zr .

b a r c a r o l e n b oa t m an ; s on g [ a ls o s p e lt b a r c ar oll e ] b az ka
’
.

z ol .

b a r e f a ce d n e ss b e zz - e e st n xs
n.
'
f -
.

b ar ege n. ( g a u s e l ik e a b r ic ) b a z e e 3
-
’
f .

b a r e gi n n .
ge la t in ou s s u b s t a n ce [ a ls o s pe l t b a r e gin e ] b o z e e
’

3 1n .

b ar gai n n p a s t pa r t 1 C 1 p le a n d p r e t e r rt b a rg a in
.
, v . [a s v e rb ,

e d, b arg a i n d ] b a zz - g m ; ( dia l e c t a lly ) b a zz - ga n

’ ’
.

b a r gh e st n g o b l in [ a l s o s p e.l t b a r g u e s t , b a r g e s t ]
’
b a zz -
ge st .

b j ( i m m of
’
aric ad b ) b k b z 1k
’
-
a r u. a , e z .

a r i c a dj ( of w e igh t ; b a r om e t r ic ) b m2 1 k
'
b . .

b a rin g n ( ac t i o n o.f l a y i n g b a r e ; s u r ac e d e t r it u s )
’
b e z-
s uj f .

b a r i t e n ( n a t i v . b a ri u m s u l a t e ; b a r y t e s )
’
b e z z a xt
-
f .

b a r i t o n e n s e e b a r y t on e . .

b i m ( m i
’
a r u n e t a l l c e
. l e m e n t ) b e z-
ri em -
.

b a r k n v e ss e l [ a l s o s pe lt b a r q u e ] b o zz k
. .

b a r k a n t i n e n [ a ls o sp e lt b a r ke n t in e , b ar q u a n t in e, b ar q u e n
.

t in e ] b a z k on t in
’
-
.

ba i
’
r l e y n (g r a n ) b z 1
. o z -l
.

b a r o c o n [ 3 15 0 s p e l t b ar occ o] b a z oo- ko sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s
’
. .

b a r oq u e .

0: law , f u r , re ca t o h ot o1 b oy ; a : f a r a u n ow a : a s k
a: , , , , ,
at k it e
l e n gt h m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d
-
15 lon g
s t r e s s m a rk
-
ru d 1 e n t e s c h 1 e s t r e ss on t h e f ol l o w xn g f s y ll a b l e .
4
4 DICTIO NARY O F HARD W ORD S

b a r ok o n. mood of syll ogis m [ al s o spe lt b ar oco] b a z oo k o ’

-
.

b a r o m e t e r n ( in st ru m e n t f or m e a su ri n g a t m os p h e ric pr e s
.

s u r e ) b a z om r-t oz
’
.

b a r o n n ( n ob le m a n ) b a z an
’
. .

b a r o q u e a dj od d [ sy n on ym ou s cog n at e b ar oco] b o z ook

’
. .

b a r o u c h e n ( car riage ) b a r ou S
’
. .

b a r ox y t o n n ( m u s ica l i n s t ru m e n t ) b ae z ok s r- t on
’
. .

b a r r a t or n f rau du l e nt b a rt e re r e t c [ a l s o s p e lt b arr a t er
. , .

a n d , 1 a t h e s e ns e of a n e n c ou r a ge r of lit i ga t i on , b a rr e t or ]
’
b x z a-t az .

b a r r e l n ( ca sk , e t c ) b ee z ol
’
. . .

b a r r e l v [ p r e s e n t pa rt 1 C 1 p le b a rre l in g b ar r e ll in g ; p a st p a r
.
,

t 1 c1 p1e a n d p r e t e r 1 t b a r r e l e d , b ar r e l l e d, b ar r e l d ] b ze z ol
’
.

b a r r e n a dj ( s t e ri l) b z z an
’
. .

'
b a r r e t o r n b a z r -
t az . s e e u n d e r b arr a t or . .

b a r r i c a d e n , v b aez 1 k e e d
’
. . .

b a r r i n g p r e p ( e xce pt in g ) b a :- z 1 n
'
. .

b a r r ow ( st re t che r ; w h e e lb a r row ) b a z o ; ( di a l e c ta lly )

'
n .

b aez a
’
.

b a r r u l é e a dj btez u l e e ; ( i m p r op er ly ) b a z j u l e e sa m e m e a n
’ ’
. .

ru g as b a r ru ly .

b a r r u l e t n lit t le b a r [ a l s o s pe lt b arr u l e t t e ] b a z o l at ; ( i m
'
-
.

p r op e r ly) b a z j o-l at
’
.

b a r r u l y a dj 1 n h er a l d ry , div id e d i n t o l itt le b ar s [ sy n on y
.

m ou s cogn at e b a rr u l ée ] b at z u -l 1 , ( imp r op e r ly ) b ae z j u l x
’ ’
-
.

b a r s -g e m e l n pl ( 1 n h e r a l d ry, t w o b ars n e a r t oge t h e r )

. .

-d e m al
b z
'
a z z 3 .

' '
b art i z a n n ( t u rre t.
) b a z t r -
z on , b a z t 1 2 1e n .

b arye o c i a n ( d e a f n e ss .
) b m z i i
'
k o i -
o -
.

)
’
b a yt a
r n (b a r i.u m o x i d e b a z a r t
- a
.

i - iz
’
b a yt
r e s n ( b ar t e
. ; h e a v y p
-s
a r ) b a z a r t .

a j [ l ]
'
b aryto n e d n a s o s p e
. l t
, b a r .i t o n e b a z t t
- on
.

b as a l a j
d ( o f t h
. e b a se ; f u n d a m e n t a l )
’
b e e -s ol
.

l [p l l i ] h
’
b a sa e l n b a s a
. p a r t u r a b a s a l a b o s e e -
.

i t ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) b a
’
) b l l
’
b a sal t n ( v o l
. c a n c r o c k a s c z t , b ze -
sc
’
b e e -sc zl t
'
z c:l t , .

b a s a n n sh e e p ski n [ a l s o s p e lt b az an ; sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e
.

b as a n e ] b ae z on
’
.

s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b as a n
’
b a s a n e n ba z een . . .

b a s -b l e u n ( b lu e st ock in g ) b a b l a :
’
.

b a s e n a dj [ a l so 1 n m u s i c s p e lt b ass ] b e e s s e e u n d e r b a ss
.
, . , , . .

b a s e s n ( pl ura l of b as is ) b e e s iz
'
-
. .

'
b as s e n (p . l u r a l o f b as e ) b e e -
s 1 r .

l ye , G en r e ; ot h e , 9 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc h e w
w w h e p ; n s 1n g ; u w
.

h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , , ool r o f u ll ou f , i t , ri s e e ,

0 p oe t 1c ; c ove r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , ee g at e ;
 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S 4
5

b a s h a w n ( p a s h a ; gr a n d e e ) b o Sc
’
.

b a s h i b a s ou k n ( Tu r ki s h s old ie r ) ba S
- '
r-b o z ou k
. .

b a s i a l a dj ( of a k iss ) b e e -r i- ol
’
. .

b a s i c a dj ( of a b a se ; b a sa l ) b e e -s rk
’
. .

b a s i l n ( pla n t ) b mz fi
’
. .

b a s i l n sh e e ps ki n [ a l s o s pe lt b az i l ] b aez rl
.
’
.

b a s i l a r a dj ( of t h e b a s e of t h e sku ll e t c ) bae s r-l oz , ( as

.
'
, .

s u m pt iv ly ) b a s 1 l oz ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) b mz r-l az
’ ’
.

b a s i l a y a j
r d ( as
b i l a r )
’
b m5.1 -
l e z 1 ; ( es s
l p p
r o er y )
l
’
ba z r-
l ez r .

b a s i l i ca n r oy a l pa la ce ; ob l on g ch u rch [ pl u ra l b as ilica s a n d ,
.

r a re ly b a s il ica e ] b a 5 1 l 1 k a ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) b a 2 1 11 ka
’’
- -
.
,

b a s i l i s k n ( f ab ul ou s r e p t il ) b a s r h sk b mz r-h s k
’ ’
-
. .
,

b a s i n n [ a s o f or m e r y s m e t i m e s sp e t b os o ] l b
’
l. l o , n -
e e sa n ,
,
’
b e e - s n ; ( d ia l ec ta l ly ) b e e s m
’
-
.

b a s i n e t n s t e e l h e a d pie ce or ca p [ synony mou s cogn at e b as

.

n e t]
’
b ae s 1 - n 1 t .

b a s i o n n ( m id d le p oin t of t h e a n t e ri or m a rgin of t h e ora

. f
m e n m a gn u m of t h e cr a n iu m ) b e e - s i - on
’
.

b a s i p i t a l a dj ( d ir e ct e d t ow a r d t h e b a s e ) b e 5 1 p 1 - t l
’
. .

. f
b a s i s n b as e ; ou n d a t ion [ p l u r a l b as e s ] b e e - 5 1 5
’
.

b a s k v b a t h e , e t c [ p a st por t xc rple a n d p r e t e r rt b as h e d, b as kt ]
. .

b a zs k , b a zs k , b ze zs k .

b a s k e t n b a z s k xt , b a z sk rt , b a z sk rt , b a s k rt
' ’ ' ’
- - -
. .

b a s n e t n b ze s m t s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b as i n e t
'
. . .

B a s q u e n n a t iv of B is cay ; la n gu a ge [ a l s o sp e lt B as k] b a zsk ,
.

b a zs k , b mzs k .

b a s q u e n ( s ki rt ; j acke t ) b a zsk , b a zs k , b z zsk

. .

b a s - r e l i e f n l o w r e l i e [ y
s n
. o n y m ou s c og n a t e b as s f
-
r el i e ] f
-
f
b a z e 1 l 1 i , b a zs z r l 1 i f ; ( l e ss r o e r ly ) b a z ar- l ri f
’
-
’ ’
p p -
.

b a ss n . f
is h [ al s o s p e lt b as s e ] b a zs , b a zs , b a zs .

b a s s n .
( l i n d e n , l i m e t e e ) b a zs , b a zs , b ae zs
- r
.

b a s s a dj 1 a m u s ic, low , d e e p , gra v e [ or igin a lly a n d q uit e as

.

p r ope rly , b u t n ow ra r e ly , s pe lt b a s e ] b e e s .

b a s s n low pa r t ; b a s e v oic e ; b a se cle [ m or e ra re ly, b u t

. f
q u it e as p r op e r ly , s p e lt b a s e ] b e e s .

b a s s e t n ( ca r d ga m e ) b a s 1 t , b ae se t
’ ’
-
. .

b a s s e t n , a d j , v ( ou t cr op) b ae5 1 t
’
. . . .

b a s s e t n ( d og ) ba s 1 t
’
. .

b a s s i n e t n ( p l a n t ) b ee 5 1 -n e t
’
. .

b a s s i n e t n h ood e d b a sk e t u se d a s a crad l e [ a l s o s pe lt b as s i
.

n e tt e ] b ac s r n e t , b&5 1 - n e t
’ ’
.

b a s s o a dj , n ( m m u s ic, b a s e ) b a z-s o
’
. . .

b a s s oo n n ( m u s ical in s t r u m e n t ) b m s uu n , b o s ou n
’ ’
. .

0: l a w , a:f u r , a c a t , o h o t , 9 1 b oy; a : f a r , 00 n ow 5 : a s k , a 1 k i t e ; ,

l e n gt h -m a rk ( z) 1 n d 1ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
st re ss-m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f st r e ss on t h e f ol l ow m g s yll a b l e .
4
6 DI C TI O NARY O F HA R D W ORD S

b a s s o-r e l i e v o n . b a z-s o- z r l ri-v o sa me m e an 1 n g a s has -r e li e

’
. f .

b a s s o -r i li e v o s a me m e a n 1 n g as b as
'
n. b a z-so-z il i e e -vo .

r el ie f .

b a s s -r e l i e f b a zs z r l rif s am e m e an 1 n g a s b as r e li e f
'
n .
-
.
-
.

b a s s -V i ol n b e e s v a i-al
’
. .

b a s s w o o d n b a zs -w od
’
. .

b a s t a r d n a d j bae s t az d b az-st aad

’ ’
. .
, , .

b a s t a r di s e 0 [ a l s o s p e l t b as t ar d is e ] b aest az d a rz
'
.
-
.

b a s t e 0 I n car d -p lay in g [ a ls o s pe lt b as t ; a v a r ia n t of b e as t ]
.

b e e st .

b a s t i l e n f ort re ss [ al s o sp e l t b a s t ill e ] b m st ril b a s t ril ; b e

' ’
.
,
'
b i i
’
i i i - s rl
’
; (
’ ’
l b l b l b
’
st r as , t r l o s t x b o s t r l a l s o) ,
x s t a z t ,
-
, .

b a s t i n a d o n ( b e a t in g ) bae s t r n e e d o
’
-
. .

b a s t i o n n ( pr oj e ct i n g e a rt h w or k ) b a s t S bc t S
' ’
b aes t con
’
. on an , , .

b a s y l n e lect r oposit iv con st it u e n t [ a ls o spe lt b as yl e ] b e e

'
.

'
s rl , be s xl .

b a t n ( pa ck-sa dd le ) b e t he : b o:
. ,
b o zt .

b a t a t a n ( s w e e t pot a t o) b o t oz t a
’
b a t e e -t a
’
-
. .
,

(
’
b a t ea n .
) w ood e n v e ss e l
b a t i -
a .

b a t e a u n b oat [ a ls o, le ss cor r e ct ly , s pe lt b a t t e au ; pl ur al
.

b a t e a u x, b a t t e a u x ] b ao t a o, b o t oo
’ ’
.

’ '
b a t e a u x n ( p l u r a l of b a t e a u ) b a t ooz b o t ooz
. , .

b a t h n w a s hi n g, e t c [ p l u r a l b a t hs ] h a ze, b o ze, b aeze

. . .

b a t h e v ( w a sh, e t c ) b e eo
. . .

b a t h o r s e n pack - h or s e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e b aw h or s e ] b ae t
'
.

h ozz s , b o z- h ozz s
'
.

b a t h o s n ( d e pt h ; d e sce n t f r om t h e su b l im e t o t h e r idicu l ou s
.

a n t icl i m a x) b e e -O os
'
.

b a t h s n ( pl u ra l of b a t h ) b a zoz
. .

b a t i s t e n ( ca m b r ic ) b a t ri s t
’
. .

b a t m a n n m a n i n ch a rge of a b at h or s e [ p lu ral b a tm e n ]
.

b ee t - m an , b oz-m an
' '
.

b a t o n n ( s t a ff ; w a n d ; t ru n ch e on ) b a t on b a t an b o t oi) bee
’ ' ’ '
. , , ,

t on .

b a t on v . b at on ; cu d ge l [ p a st p a r t i c i pl e a n d pr e t
s t r ik e w it h a
’ ’ '
b a t on d ] b a t an b b
’
e r 1 t b a t on e d ae t o n,
b o t o x) s
e -
t on , , , .

b at r a c h i a n ( f r o g
-
li k e a n i m a l s ) b a.
'
t g e e k i a - -
.

- i
m )
’
b att a l i a 71 ( b a t t l e a rr a y ; a .r y h o t o z l a .

b a t t a l i o n n ( d iv is ion of a n a r m y ) b a t a l ia n
’
. .

b a t t e l i t ( u s ua lly in t h e p l u r a l ) c ol le ge accou n t or all ow a n ce

.

[ p l u ra l b a t t e l a ls o b a tt l e s b a t t e l ls ] b aet l
’
.
, ,

b a t t l e a dj of grass , pa s t u r e s oil or l an d [ a l s o spe l t b a t t e l ]

. , ,

’
b aet l .

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n
ye , 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w
I f f
O

w w he n ; x ] s w y ; u w h oe v e r , l r e a ct , 0 u l l , on oo l , i t , u s e e ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
4
8 DI C TIONA R Y O F HARD WORD S
b e a u -i d e a l ( m d l f l c ) b d i al
’
o e o enx .c e l e n e o o a r r - -
.

b e a u m o n d e n ( t h e fa s h ion a b l e w orld ) b oo m e n d
’
. .

b e a u t e ou s a dj b j ou t i as b j ou t cas ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) b j ou -t S
’ ' '
- -
.
-
, as .

b e a u t i f u l a dj b j ou t l f a l ( of t en ) b j u t r- f ol ; ( a ls o, occa s i on
’ '
- -
.
,

a lly ) bj ou t r- f ul ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) b j ou -t a- f al
' '
-
.

b e a u t y n [ pl u r a l b e a u t i es ] b j ou - t r
’
. .

b e a u : n ( plu r al of b ea u ) b ooz
. .

b e c a u s e c on j b r k o zz , ( w h e n l e ss s tr es t) b a k oz , b a k a z , ka z
' ' ’
. .

b e c c a f i c o n b ir d [ a ls o s p e l t b e cafic o] b e ka f xi- k o
’
. .

b e d c l ot h e s n b e d - k L oob z , b e d -k L ooz
' '
. .

b e d e l n ( ar ch a ic ) b e a dl e , I n t h e s e n s e of a su b a l t e rn off ici a l
.

or s e rv a n t i n a u n iv e rs ity [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e b e d e ll ]
b ri-dl
'
.

b e d e l l n ( ar ch a ic ) b r d e l sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s b e d e l
'
. . .

b e d i z e n v d e ck ou t [ a ls o s p e lt b e d iz s e n ; p as t p ort rc rpl e a n d
.

’ ’
pr e t e r 1 t b e d iz e n e d , b e d iz en d ] b r d rz a n b r d rz n b r d a r z an
’
-
.
, ,

B e d o u i n n ( A rab of t h e d e s e r t ) b e d u - rn , b e d u ih
’ ’
-
. .

b e d s t e a d n [ a ls o s pe lt b e ds t e d ] b e d s t e d , b e d st rd’ '
—
. .

b e e c h n ( t r e e ) b rit S
. .

b e e -l i n e n ( d ire ct or st r aight li n e ) b ri -l a rn
’
. .

b e e n v ( p a st p ort rcrp le of b e ) b i n ; ( a ls o) b rin , ( w h e n un

.

s t r e s t ) b i n ; ( f or m er ly ) b e zn ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) b e n .

b e e r n ( d r in k ) b l zz
. .

b e e t n ( pl a n t ) b rit
. .

b e f a l l v [ a ls o s pe lt b efa l l b r fczl
’
. .

b e g n b eg . sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s b ey
. .

b e g v a sk a l m s , e t c [ p a s t por t rcrple a n d p r e t e r rt b egg e d

. .
,

b e g d ] b e g ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) b e e g .

b g (p
'
e o n i a n l a n t ) b. r g o o -
n i -
a .

b e g r i m e d a dj b r gz a rm d ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) b r gz rm d
' ’
. .

b e g u i l e v b r ga rl ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) b x gj a rl
’ '
. .

b g
e u m n (q u e e .n H i n d u l a d y o f r
, a n k )
'
b r i - am
g .

b e h a l f n b r h a zf, b r h o zf , b r h a zf
’ ’ ’
. .

- v i az
be a ]
'
h v i o r n [ a l s o s p e l t. b e h a v i o u r b r h e e .

b e h e a d v [ a l s o s pe l t b e h e d ] b r h e d
'
. .

m m i e m i -h
’
i l h m h i ’
b l ) O b
’
e h e o t h n ( a r ge a n a
. b l I -
a b r r -
o r r , ,

m oO .

b e h oo v e v [ al s o s pe l t b e h av e ] b r h uu v , b r h oov
' ’
. .

b e h o v e v b r h uu v , b r h oov
’
s e e b e h oov e
’
. . .

b e l a b o r v [ al s o sp e l t b e l a b ou r ; p ast p ort rcrpl e a n d p r e t e r rt

.

b e la b or e d b e l a b or d ] b l l e e -b az
’
.
,

b e l c h v e j e ct ; e ru ct a t e [ p a st pa rt i c i pl e a n d pr e t e r 1 t b e l c h e d
.
,

b e lc h t ] b e l t s ( a ls o a n d in B r i t a in n or m a l ly ) b e l S
, , .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
,

113 w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , on ool , I i t , xi s e e ;
.

f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 3 : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , e e ga t e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 4
9

b e l d a m n gra n n y ; h ag [ a l s o s p e lt b e l da me ] b e l d a m
’
. .

i i
’
b e e a gu e v ( s g ) b
l r b e e e
. r h -
g oz .

b e l e m n i t e n ( d a r t s h a p e d f oss il ) b e l am n a rt b r l e m n art
' ’
- - -
. .
,

b e l e s p r i t n [ p l u ra l b e a u x e sp r i t s ] b e l e s ps ri
’
. .

b e l i e f n ( r e l i a n ce ; f a i t h e t c ) b r h i f
'
. . .
,

b e l i e v e v h a v e f a it h e t c [ p a st p a r t i c i pl e a n d pr e t e r 1 t b e
. , .

li ev e d , b e li e v d ] b l h iv , ( of t e n ) b l xiv b l i v
’
.
,

b e l l a d o n n a n ( p l a n t ) b e l a d on a
’
. .

l l
’
b e - b o y n ( b oy w h o a n s w e rs a b e ll ) b e l b or
.
—
.

b e l l b u o y n ( u oy su r m ou n t e d b y a b ) b
’
- b . e ll b e l -
u u -
r .

b e l l e n ( f a ir l a d y ) b e l
. .

b e l l e r i c n f r u i t [ a l s o s pe l t b e l e r ic ] b r l e z xk
’
. .

b
’
l l l e t t r e s n b e l l e t az b e l l e t g
’
e e s - .
, .

’
b e l l e t r i s t n [ a l s o s p e lt b e ll e l e t t r is t b e ll e s l e t tr e is t ] b e l e t xxst ,
.
,
-

b e l l e t grs t
’
.

b e l l i c o s e a dj ( w a r l ik e ) b e l x k oos ( as s u mpt iv ly ) b e l r k os
’ '
-
.
.
,
’
b e l l i g e r e n t a d j ( w a gi g w a r ) b a h d sa z o t b h d
’
n s z on t
-
n .
-
e a , .

b e l l o w s n [ pl u ra l b e l l ow s ] b e l oz b e los
’ '
. .
,

b e l l u i n e a dj of b e a s t s ; of t h e B e llu a e [ al s o s om e t i m e s ,
. ,

s p e lt b e l l u i n ] b e l iu l n b e l iu e m
’ '
- -
.
,

b e l l - w et h er n ( a le a d i n g w e t h e r or sh e e p on w h ose n e ck
.

3 b e ll i s h u n g ) b e l w e d oz
’
-
.

b e l o v e d a dj n b l l A V I d
'
.
, . .

b e l ov e d v [ p e s t p ort rc rpl e of b e l ov e ] b r l a v d
'
. .

b e l v e d e r e n O p e n u pp e r s t or y ; su mm e r h ou se [ a ls o spe lt
.

b e lv i d er e ] b e l v x d l zz b e l v x-d l zz
’ ’
.
,

b e m a n p la t f or m e t c [ pl u r a l b e m a t a ] b ri m a
’
-
. , . .

b e m a t a n ( p l u r a l of b e m a ) b e m a t o
’
-
. .

b e n ch n ( l ong s e a t e t c ) b e n t S ( a ls o a n d in B r i t a in n or
.
, .
, ,

ma lly ) b e n S .

b e n e a t h a d v p r e p b x n ri O b x n xio
’ ’
., . , .

b e n e d i ck n be n i d i k s a m e m e a n i n g a s b e n e d ic t
’
-
. . .

b e n e d i c t n n e w ly m a rr ie d m a n [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e b e n e
.

d ic k ] b e m d rk t
’
-
.

B e n e d i c t i n e a dj t i n , b e n r d rkt xn
’
k
’
n be n r d x -
.
, . .

b e n e f i c e n [ a l s o sp e l t b e n ef is ] b e n r f rs
’
-
. .

b e n e f i c e n c e n b r n e f r- s a n s
’
. .

b e n e f i c i a l a d j ( o f b e n e f it ; h e l p f u l ) b e n x e a l
’
.

m
.

b e n e f i c i a r y n he m i ee r
’
-
. .

’
B e n g a l i a dj n [ a l s o s p e l t B e n g a l e e ] b e n gc z l i b e n goz-l i
’
-
., . , .

b e n i g n a dj ( k in d ; grac iou s ) b i n a l n
’
. .

b e n i g n a n t a dj ( k in d ; b e n e f icia l ) b r n rgn an t
’
. .

b e n i s o n n ( b l e ss i n g ) b e m - z a n b e n x san
’ ’
-
.
, .

c: law , f u r,
a: a: ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow u : a s k, or k it e ;
h ot , or , ,

le n gt h -m a r k 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e ss m ark 1 n d 1 ca t e s chie f s t r e ss on th e f oll ow rn g sy ll a b l e
-
.
50 DICTI O NARY O F HAR D W O RD S
[ a ls o b en e ] b enr
'
b en n e n .
pl a n t s p e lt .

b en t n. gra ss, e t c . f
; gr as s y ie l d [ syn on y m ou s c og n a t e benn et ]
b e nt .

b en u m b m a k e n u m b [ a l s o s pe lt b e n a m ; p a st p ort rc xpl e a n d
n .

m m m
’
p r e t e r 1 t b e n u b e d , b e n u d ] b x n a .

b e n z e n e n [ sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s b e n z in e b e n z in ] b e n z ri n ,
'
. ,

b e n -z i n
’
.

b e n z i n n b e n z rn sa m e m e a n i n g a s b e n z e n e
'
. . .

m im i
’
b e n z i n e n [ a so s l ] b b e z in ,
’
l .o e t e s , s p t
e ,
b e n z i n e n z r n n -
,

b enz m s a m e m e a n i n g a s b en z e n e
'
. .

b e n z oi n n b e u m, e n o m , b e n z om
' '
b
’
n z o - z - -
.

b e n s o l n b e n - z ol . s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b e n z ol e. .

b ens o e [ y o y ou s m ] z ol ; ( l e s s p r op
'
l n s n n. c o g n a t e b e n z o l b e n -

e rly ) b e n z ool
’
.

b e q u e a t h v giv e b y w ill [ p a st pa r t i c i ple a n d p re t e r 1 t b e

.

k io
’
q u e a t h e d b e q u e a
,
t h d ] b x w l .

b e r b e r r y n b a b e z x s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b ar b err y
’
-
z z . . .

b e r c e u s e n ( cra d l e s on g ) b e z s ozz
’
-
. .

b e r e a v e v d e p r iv e ; r ob [ p a st p or t rc rp l e a n d p re t e r rt b e
.

r e av e d, b e r e a v d ] b r e riv
'
.

b e r g a m o t n ( t re e ; e s s e n c e ; m i n t ; f a b r i c )
'
b a zz -
g m ot
a -
.

b e r gy l t n fl Sh [ al s o s p e lt b e r g u y l t ] b n zz g rlt
’
-
. .

b e m e v [ a ls o s p e l t b e r hy m e ] b r z a rm
’
. .

’
B e r k e l e i a n a dj b ns i- a n b a z k u i on
’
-
.
.
,
'
b e r l i n a dj ( a s m b e r l in w ool ) b az h n b e zz h n
’
* -
.
.
,

b e r l i n n ( ca rr ia g e ) b nz h n b e z h n
’ ’
.
. ,

b e r r e t t a n b r z e t o s e e b ir e t t a
’
. . .

b e r r y n s m a ll pu lpy f ru it [ plu ra l b e rr i e s ] b e z r
’
. .

b e r s e r k n b oz s nz k s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s b ers e r ke r
'
-
. . .

b e r s e r k e r n w a rr i or [ a l s o s p e l t b er s e r k a r b e r s e r kir ; syn
. ,

on y m ou s c og n a t e b e rs e r k ]
’
b nz s az k az -
.

b e th
r n (s e a r.oo m ; s h e l f i e s l e e pi ng pl ace ) b n zz fl
-l k - -
.

’
b e r y l n ( m in e ral ) b el
. .

'
b esa gu e n ( w e a p on ; t o.o l ) b e s a -
gj u .

b e s i e g e v b I s xid s
'
. .

b e s o m n ( b r oom ; p l a n t ) b l i z om
’
-
. .

b e s t e a d v h e lp ; a v a i l [ a l s o s p e lt b es t e d ] b r s t e d
’
. .

b e s t i a l a dj ( of a b e a s t ; a n i m a l ) b e s t S beS
’ ’
al tS al , b e s t eal
’
. , ,

b e st i ol ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) b ris -t S
’
al
'
-
.

b e s t cae l r t r b e st i r l r t r
’
b e st i a l i t y n b e s t S
’ '
aeh t r .
-
,
-
,
—
.

’
b e s t r ow v [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e b e s tr ow ] b r s t guu
. .

sa m e m e a n 1 ng
’
b e s t r ow b x s t goo
v . . as b es t r e w .

’
( G re e k l e t t e r ) b ri- t o b e e t o
’
b et a n. ,
-
.

j ye , c c u r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc he w ;
,

S
w w h e n ; n i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , xi s e e ;
.

f f
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e ga t e ;
 DI C TI O NARY O F H ARD WORD S SI

b ri-t e
'
b e t a in e s om e t i m e s ] b ri t e
'
n. [ a l s o, , spe lt b e t a in - -
rn ,

am .

b t e l n pe ppe r p la n t ; p ie ce of b et el -n u t [ al s o spe l t b e tl e]
e .
-

b ri -t i
'
.

b et e n oi r e n ( b u gab oo ; p e t av e r sion ) b e e t n w ozz .

’
.

b e t o n y n ( p la n t ) b e t a - n r
'
. .

.
' '
ff
b e t r o t h v ( a ia n ce , e t c ) b r t goze, b r t goO O , b x t soob
’
. .

b e t r o t h a l n b x t goz O al , b r t goo O al , b x t goo-b al

’ ’ ’
- -
. .

b e t r o t h e d a d j , n b r t gozet , b xt gooO t , b r t goobd

' ’ ’
. . .

b e t r o t h m e n t n b l t goze
’
-
m a n t, b
’
r t gooe - m on
t, . b
'
r t goob -m
on t .

b e t t e r a dj ( com p a ra t rv of good ) b e t oa
.
’
.

b e t t e r n on e w h o m a k e s b e t s [ a l s o spe lt b e t t or ] b e t az
.
'
.

b e t u l i n n a lk a oid [ a lso s p e l t b e t u lin e ] hot eo l xn , b e t S o Im

’ ’
l .
- -
.

b e t u l i n e a dj ( of t h e b i rch or b irch -r od ) b e t cu - l nm
’
. .

b e v e l n ( ob l iq u it y , e t c ) b e v al
'
. . .

b e v e l e d ad j [ a l s o s p e lt b ev e ll e d, b ev e l d ] b e v al d
.
'
.

b e v e l i n g n [ a l s o s pe l t b ev e l l in g ] b e v a-h r) , ( r a id ly ) b e v h r)
.
’ ’
p .

b e v y n com pa n y [ p l ur a l b ev i e s ; or m e r s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e
. f
b ea vy ] b e v r
’
.

b e y n gov e r n or e t c [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e b e g ] b e e
. , . .

b e y on d r e a dvp p b r j on d ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) b i on d
’
.
,
'
.

b e z a n t n c oi n ; r ou n d e l [ a ls o s p e lt b es a n t a n d , s om e t i me s,
.

b yz a n t ] b e z a n t b r z a zn t , b r z o zn t , b x z mzn t
' ' ’ '
.
,

b e t -a n t l e r n [ a l s o s p e lt b es a n t l er a n d , s ome t ime s, b ay
.
-

a n t l e r ] b e z aen t n az , b e e z a n t e oz b e e a nt n az
’ ’ ’
.
,

b e z e l n s l op in g e dge [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s b ez il, b a z il ]

.

b e z al
’
.

b e z i q u e n ca r d - ga m e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e b a iq u e ] b r z rik
'
. a .

b e z o a r n ca lcu lu s [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e oa rd ] b ri-z o:z ,

'
.

’
b e z o-na .

b e z o u t i a n t n ( q u a d r a t ic fu n ct ion ) b x z uu t i- on t
’
-
. .

b h a n g n he m p [ a ls o s p e lt b a n g a n d , f or m e r ly , b an gu e ; sy n
.

on y m ou s cog n a t e b h u ng ] b een .

b h e e s t y n w a t e r- ca rr ie r [ a l so s p e l t b h e es t ie , b e e st ie, b e es ty,
.

b e a s t ie, b e as ty ] b ri s t r
'
-
.

b i a c i d a dj b a i ms xd
'
. .

b i a n n u a l a dj ( occu rrin g t w ic e a y e a r ) b a i a n j u - al
’
. .

b i a r c h y n ( g ov e rn m e n t b y t w o) b a i-az - k r
’
. .

b i a s v [ p re s e n t pa r t i c i pl e b ia s in g b iass in g ; p a s t pa rt i c i pl e
.
,

b ias e d, b ia s s e d, b ias t ] b a i- as
’
.

b i a s e d a dj [ a l s o sp e lt b i as s ed b ias t ] b ni- ast

'
. , .

b i b a c i ou s a dj ( giv e n t o d r in k i n g) b l b e e S Ss
' '
-
as b a .x b e e - a
, .

b i b e l o t n ( cu r io) b rbl o b i b l oo
’ ’
. .
,

c: law , f u r a cc t e h ot or b oy ; a
a: , o: f a r , d o n ow u : a sk , 8 ! k i t e
, , ,

l e n gt h -m a rk ( z) I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;
s t r e s s-m r
a k 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f s t r e s s on th e f ol l ow rn g sylla b l e .
52 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
b b li c a j i
’
i a l d ( o f t h e B b l e ) b xbl r-k
al
. .

B i b l i c i s t n b rbl x s xst
’
.
-
.

b i b l i og n os t n ( on e v e r s t in b ooks ) li
’ '
. b xbl i og n ost ,
- -
b rb -
ag ~

n os t .

b i b l i ogr a p h [ a so s p e t b b ogr af r ] rb i gz a foz

’
n l er l i l i. e b l o -
.

b i b l i o g r a p h i c a dj [ a ls o s p e lt b ib liog r afic ] b xbl i- a gz aef rk

’
. .

b i b l i o g r a p h y n d e script ion of b ook s [ a ls o spe lt b ib l iogr afy ].

b xbl i ogz a- f r
'
.

'
b i b l i o m a n i a c a l a d j b r b l i -
a -
m a n a i -
a -k
al . .

b i b l i o p h i l e n [ a l s o, s o e t i m e s , sp e t b b iop h il ] b r
m i a f a rl ,
'
. l i l bl - -

b l bl i- a- f l l
'
.

i i O i k ol ; ( l e ss p r op er ly )
’
b b
i l i o t h e c a l n ( o f a l b r a r y ) .b r b l -
a r -

b xbl i oO r-k al
’
.

j
’
bi b u l o u s a d j ( p ’gy
s o n ; b .i b a c i o u s ) b r b u -
l as .

b i c a r b on a t e n b a r kozz -b a-n e t . .

b i c e p s n ( t w o h e a d e d m u s cl e ) b a r- s e ps
'
-
. .

'
b i c h l o r i d e n [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s pe lt b ic hl or id ] b a x k oz z a rd,
. L -

( b e fo r e of ) b e r
’
k L o z-
e rd .

b i c o l or e d a dj [ a l s o s pe lt b icol ou r e d, b icol or d ] b a r ka l az d
’
—
. .

b cy ; ( a ls o, l e s s p r op
’
-s rk a l
’
i c l e n b a r s r. k a l ( a n t e r i—
o r ly)
—
b a I ,
’
e r ly ) b a I- s a x- k ol .

b i d e t n ( s m all h ors e ; b a t h in g v e s s e l ) b x d e t , b r d ce b rd e t ,
’ ’ '
-
. , ,

b l dl
'
.

b i d o n n ( a r m y ke t t l e ; ca n t e e n ) b rdon
’
-
. .

b i d r i n m e t a l w or k [ a ls o sp e l t b i dr y, b i dr e e ] b rd t r, b rdt i
’ ’
-
. .

bi j ( i i i i
’
e n n i a l a d o cc u r r n g. o n c e n t w o y e a rs ) b a e n - l
a .

b i e r n ( lit t e r ) b l zz
. .

b if a r i o u s ad j (t w o f o l d ; t w .o -
r o w e d ) b a r
’
f e z-
a i -
os .

b i f e ou s a dj ( i i ) b f
’
r b e a r n g t w
. c e a y e a r x a -
z as .

b i f i d a dj ( t w o . c l e f t ; f o r k t )
’
b-
r f r d ,
’
b a r —f
id .

bi f u r ca t e v ( d i v i d e in. t o t w o f o r k s ) b a r
’
f o zz -
ke t .

b i g h t n ( l oop ; b ay ) b e l t
. .

b i g o t n ( i n t ole ra n t d ogm a t is t ) b rgat

’
. .

b i j ou n j ew e [ p i i
'
]
'
. l l u r a l b i j o u x b 5 u u , b r -
su .

b i j ou t r i e n [ s , s l i m l j y] b i tgi, b i
'
e a o o m e. t e s, sp t e b i o u t r s u u -

zi
'
3 u u -
t o -
.

b i j u g a t e a dj ( b e a r in g t w o ov e rl a ppin g p r of il e h e a d s ; t w o
.

i d
'
-d
) b
’
p a r a r d s u u -
g e t b a r s ge t
u -
, .

b j g d
'
i j ( b
' ’
u o u s a d t w o -
p a i r d ) . a r d s u u -
g ,o s b a r -
s u u -
gas , br
d su- ga s .

bi j b i
’
b i l b ; ( y) b b i
'
l a a t e a d a r e e - -
e t . e rr o n e o u s l a r l ae -
et .

b i l a n d e r n v e ss e l [ a l s o sp e l t by l a n d e r ] b xl an doz , b ar
' ’
-
.

Ian -d oe .

0 d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t sc h e w ;
'

i
.

J ye , ; Ca t h e , t h
cu r en ; 3 a z u r e ,

S
w w h e n ; n i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act u f ul ou ool , I i t , ri s e e ;
.

. f
0 p oet i c ; a ov e r, e ae ri al, A but, a: d oor , 3 0 n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
 DIC TI O NARY O F HARD WORD S 53

b i l b e r r y n [ a ls o s p e lt b illb e rry ] b rl -b e z r
’
. .

b i l l e t n ( n ot e ; ord e r ) b xh t
’
. .

b i l l e t n ( s t ick ; b a r ; m ol di n g ) b rut
'
. .

b i l l e t -d ou r n l ov e - n ot e [ plu r a l b ill e ts - d ou r ] b rl e d uu , b ri x
'
.

d uu
'
.

b i l l e t s -d o n : n ( p l ur a l of b il l e t d ou r ) b i l e d uu z , b rl r d uuz
’ ’
-
. .

B i m a n a n pl ( t w o h a n d e d m a m m a l s ) b rm a- n a b a x- m a- n o
’ '
-
. .
,

b i m a n ou s a d j ( t w o- h a n d e d ) b rm a- n as , b a I- m a n as
’ '
-
. .

b i m o n t h l y a dj ( occu rr i n g on ce i n t w o m on t h s ) b a r m a n em ,
’
.

m m a n em
’
( y m B ; ( i l b
’
b c o n t r a s t e t c ) b ,a r a n -
h . a s su p t v y) a I -
.

b i n a y r a dj n (t w
., o f o l d ;
. d o u b l e ; t w i n )
’
b a x -
n o -
ex .

b i n d e r y n b a xn d a z r b a m - d t r
' ’
- -
. .
,

b i n n a c l e n com p a ss b ox [ a l so, f or m e rly , s pe lt b in a cl e ] b x

’
-
.

n a - k al .

b i n oc e nl f
( e d glass or O pe ra g las s h a v in g t u b e s f or b ot h
i. l - -

m
'
ey e s ) b a -
kal .

b i a j
’
l
’
n o c u a r d k
b r n o cu l az b a -
. r n k
o c l ozu -
, .

b i n o m i a l a dj (t w o a -
n m. e d; t w o -
t e r m d ) b e r
’
n o o - m i- al
.

b i n o xi d e n [ a l s o s pe lt b in oxy d e a n d , s om e t im e s b in oz i d ]
. ,
’
b a r n ok s a rd ( b e or e o f ) b a r n ok s rd
—
, f ’
.

bi go e n e i
s s n (g e n e i
s s o
. f l i f e f r o m l i f e ) b a i -
a
'
d s e u x-
s rs .

b f az
’
i o r
g ap e h r n [ a s sp e t
l o l
. b i og r a f ]
e r b n i o g z a -
.

b o g a p h i c a dj [ s s p e
’
i r a l o l t b.i o g f ]
ra i c b a i -
a gz a f rk .

i g a fy ] b i
'
b og r a h
p y n [a l s o spe t b
. l i o r a o g z a -
fr .

b i ol o g i c a dj b a i a l od srk
’
-
. .

b i o l og y n i
( sc e c o
. n e f l i f e ) b a i e l s -
dsr
’
.

bi o m et y r n ( m e as . u r e m e n t o f l i f e ) b a i
’
o m r -
t gr .

b i o n o m i c s n b ai a n om rks
'
-
.

b p a o u s a j (b
i r d r i n g gi n . f o r t h t w o)
'
b r p z as ; ( l e ss p r op er ly )
a -

' ’
b a l p e z z as b a x- p a-z as
-
, .

i
b p a r t i te a j d ( i n t w o .
p a r t s ) b a r
’
p a z —
t a r t ; ( l e s s p r o p e r ly)
’
b rp az - t a rt b a r p oz t l t
'
.
,

b i p e d n , a dj b e r p e d
’
—
. . .

b ip e d a l a dj ( o f . f
t w o e t ) b e p dl ,
e
'
x -
r -
'
b rp dl ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly )
r -

’
b r p i b a p dl
'
d d i
’
a -
e i , b a r p r l r r - -
,
—
.

i
b p l i ca t e a j
d ( t w i c e f o
. l d e d ) p
'
L x - k e t ,
'
b a I - L x
p
-
k e t ; ( im
p r op e r ly ) b a r p u ke t ’
.

b i r d n b a zz d ( l oc a lly ) b e zd ; ( d i al e c t a lly ) b a rd
.
,
.

b i r e t t a n ca p [ a l s o s p e lt b ir r e t t a , b err e tt a ] b r z e t a
’
. .

b i r t h n ( t h e f a ct of b e i n g b or n ; n a t iv it y ) b u zz e
. .

b i r t h d a y n ( a n n iv e r sa r y of on e s b ir t h ) b rze O d e , ( assu mp
’ ’
-
.

t iv ly ) b e z O d r
’
-
.

-d
b i ) b O
'
r t h d a y n d
( y a .o n w h ic h o n e w a s b o rn o z z e e .

c: l aw,
fu r,
a: a ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , d o n ow , u: a s k , or k it e ;
le n g t h - m a r k ( )
z 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d rn g s ou n d rs l on g;
‘
st ress- ma rk Indi cat e s ch f st re ss o n t he fc low m z syll ab le
' a
5 4 D ICTION ARY O F HAR D WOR D S
'
b i s c u i t n ( cr acke r ; ca k e ) b rsk rt
. .

b i s k n odds a t t e n n i s [ a l s o sp e lt b is q u e ] b rsk
. .

b i s m u t h n ( m e t a l ) b rz m a O b rs ma O
' '
. .
,

b i s m u t h i n n [ a l so s p e l t b is m u t h in e ] b rz m a O rn
'
-
. .

b i s o n n ( a ur och s ; b u ff a l o) b a r sa n b a r z a n b rs a n b rz a n
' ’ ' ’
- -
.
, , , .

b i s q u e n s ou p [ a ls o s p e lt b is k ] b rsk
. .

b i s q u e n ( v a r ie t y of p or ce la in ) b rs k
. .

b i s s e xt i l e a dj con t a in i n g t h e b iss e x t u s or in t e r ca l la ry d a y
.

s a i d of l e a p y e a r [ a l s o s p e l t b is s e x t il ] b r s e k s t rl
’
-
.

b i s t e r n b r ow n p igm e n t [ a l s o s p e lt b is tr e ] b rs t az
’
.
.

b i su l p h i d e n [ a l s o s om e t im e s spe l t b is ulph i d b is u lf i d ]
. , , ,

b a r SA l f a rd ( b ef or e of ) b a r s a l f xd
' ’
-
.
,

b i t n b or in g pi e ce ; m ou t hp i e ce e t c [ a ls o I n s om e se n s e s
.
-
, .
, ,

s om e ti m e s s p e l t b i t t ] b l t .

b i t t n p ost on a s h ip s d e ck f or f a s t e n in g ca bl e s [ a l s o l e s s
’
.
, ,

oft e n s p e l t b i t ] b I t
, .

b i t u m en n ( a s p h a l t u m e t c ) b r t cuu m an b xt cu m an
' ’
- -
. , .
,
.

b i t u m i n o u s a d j b r t euu m x n a s
’
- -
. .

’ '
b i v a l e n t a dj b rv o l an t b a r v e e l an t .
-
,
- -
.

b i v a l v e n [ a l s o s p e lt b iv a l v ] b a r v a l v
’
-
. .

b i v i o u s a dj ( h av i n g t w o w a y s ) b rv i a s b a r v i os
’ ’
- - -
. .
,

b i v o u a c n [ a l s o s p e lt b iv ou a ck ] b rv u w k b rv w aek ; ( l e s s
’ ’
- -
.
,

p r op erly) ’
bar vu a -
b ri -
k ,
’ -
v u -a k .

b i v ou a c v. e n ca m p [ a l s o sp e l t b i v ou a ck ; p r e s e n t p ort rc rp l e
b iv ou a c kin g , p a s t p a r t rc xpl e a n d p r e t e r rt b iv ou ack e d , b iv o u

a c k t ] b I V ll & k , h rv w ae k
' ’
- -
.

' ’
b i v o u a c k e d v b rv u zek t , b rv w aek t . s e e b iv ou a c - -
. .

b i z a r r e adj ( odd , a n ci u l ) b r z a zz .
’
f f .

b l a c k a m o o r n ( n e g r o) b lw k o m u zz , b la k a m ozz
’ ’
- -
. .

b l a ck g u a r d n ( r o u h
g ; s c ou n d r e l ) .
'
b l a -
goz d ; ( err on e ou s l y )
bl x k g a ze d
’
-
.

b a m a j [ l m ]
’
l a b l e d a l s o sp e t bl a e.a b l e b l e e -m a - b
ol .

b l a n c n ( s ilv e r c oin ) b lae nk

. .

b l a n c h v [ p a s t p or t rc xpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t b l a n c h e d, b l a n ch t ]
.

b l a zn t S, bl a zn t S
, b l a zn t s; ( a ls o, a n d in B r i ta in n or m a l ly )
b l a a , b l a a , b la a .

b a n c m a n g e n ( w h it e ood ; w h it e j e lly ) f
lm o bl a m on d s, b l a
’
.

ns .

b l a s é a dj ( t ir e d of e n j oy m e n t ) b l o z e e b l oz z e
’ '
-
. , .

b l a s p h e m e v b l as f ri m b l ae s f ri m ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) blze s f im
’ ’ ’
.
-
, .

b l a s p h e m e r n b l a s f ri m oz ; ( le s s p r ope r ly ) b l ze s f im az
' ’
- -
. .

b l a s p h e m o u s a dj ( u t t e r i n g b l a sp h e m y e t c ) b l a z s f r m a s ;
'
.
, .
- -

( l e s s p r ope r ly ) b l a s f ri m as
’
-
.

j ye , ; b t h e , 6 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
c
; cu r e
11) w h n ; r)
e S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , ri s e e
;
.

f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e r i a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g a t e ;
56 D ICTION ARY O F HARD W O R D S
b l u d g e o n n ( h ea v y st ick ) b l A d sa n
'
. .

b l u e n ( col or e t c ) b l u u ; ( di a l e ct a lly ) b l inn

.
, . .

b l u n d e r b u s s n [ a ls o, for m e rly , s pe l t b l u n d e r b u s ]
’
. bl a n d az
ha s .

b o a n ( s e rp e n t ) boo-a
.
'
.

b o a r n ( w il d h og) b ozz
. .

b oa t s w a i n n [ y
s n o n y m o u s
. c o g n a t e b o s on ]
'
b oo t -
sw e e n ,
'
(
'
c o l l o q u i a l ly a n d n a u t ic a ll y) b oo -
s a n , b oo -s n .

b ob b i n n r e e l [ als o, f or m e r ly sp e lt b ob in ] b ob rn
’
. , .

b o d i c e n [ a l s o sp e lt b od d ic e b od is ] b od xs
’
. .
,

B o d l e i a n a dj ( of T B odl e y ) b odl i-an , b od l ri ou

' '
-
. . .

B o e o t i a n a dj n b i oo- S on b i oo S i ou
’ ’
- -
., . ,

B o e r n [ a l s o f or m e r ly s p e l t B oor ] b u zz ; ( l es s p r op e rly ) b ozz

.
, , .

b o g e y n [ p l u ra l b ogeys ] b oo g x sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s b ogy
’
-
. . .

b o g i e n w a gon ; t ruck [ a l s o s p e lt b ogy, b og ey ; plura l b og i e s ]

.

b oo-g r
'
.

b o g y n d e v il hob gob l in b u gb e a r [ a ls o s p e lt b ogie, b og e y ;

. , ,

plur a l b ogie s ] b oo g r
' -
.

b oh e a n ( t e a ) b o h xi
’
. .

b oi l n fu ru n cle [ d ia le c t a l s y n on y m ou s cogn at e b il e ] b orl ;

.

( d ia l e ct a lly ) b crl b a l l , .

b oi l v r e ach t h e b oil in g poin t ; b u bb l e se e t h e [ d ia l e ct a l sy n

. ,

on y m ou s c og n a t e b il e ; p as t pa rt rc xple a n d pr e t e r rt b oil e d ,

b a il d ] b oxl ; ( d ia l e c ta lly ) b c xl b a i l , .

b oi st e r o u s a dj [ a ls o f orm e rly , som e t im e s spe lt b ois tr ous ]

. ,

b
' '
o r- s t ga s b o r-
s t a -
z os
, .

’
b i b
'
o s t e r o u s l y a d v or- s t g o s l x b o r-st az a s -l x
.
-
, .

b ol e n O pe n i n g in a w a ll [ a l s o spe lt boal ] b ool

. .

b ol e r o n ( Sp a n ish d a n ce ) b o l e z z o
'
-
. .

b ol i d e n ( m e t e or ) b oo l rd b oo l a rd , b o-l al d
' ' '
- -
. , .

b o l l n ( r ou n d e d p od ; k n ob ) b ool
. .

b ol l n ( ca p a cit y m e a su re ) b ool
.
-
.

b ol l -w o r m n b ool -w a zz m
'
. .

b ol s t e r n b ool st az ; ( d ia le c t a l ly ) b ol st oz
' '
-
. .

b om b n ( e xpl os iv sh e ll ) b om h a m
.
, .

b o m b a r d v b om b o zz d b a m b ozz d
' '
. .
,

b o m b a r d n ( ca n n on ; b omb k e t ch ) b om b oz d , b a m -b oz d
’ ’
.
- -
.

b om b a r d i e r n ( s old ie r , e t c ) b omb oz d xzz , b a mb oz d rzz ’ ’

. . .

b om b a r d m e n t n b om b ozz d m an t b A m b ozz d m a n t
’ '
- -
. .

b om b a s t n ( b ig t a lk ) b om b a zs t b A m b a zs t
'
- -
.
, .

b om b a s t i c a dj b om b e z st xk b A m b a z-s t xk b om b ae st rk
’ ' ’
-
. , , .

b om b a s i n c n f a b ric [ al s o s pe lt b om b as in e b om b as in ] b om
.
,

b a z t in b a m b a z rin ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) b om b a z in
’ ' ’
-
.
,

l ye , c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d s j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
11) w h e n ; 1) sw y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , I i t , 1 i s e e ;
.

f f
0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e ae ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
 D ICT ION ARY O F H AR D WOR D S 57

b om b sh e l l m Se l
'
m S ,’ b '
n b o e l a -
.
-
.

b o n a -f i d e a dj b oo n a a r d x, ( a s s u m pt iv ly )
- -
.
’
bfoo-n
a f r dr ;
- a -

( e r o e s y)
r n ou l
’
b o o -n
e -
a rd f .

’
b o n a n z a n ( m i n e of w e a lt h ) b o n a n z a
. .

bo bo m y)
'
n n n ( ug p
s a r -
l u. , c a n d b o n -
b on .

b o n h o m i e n [ a l s o s pe lt b on h o m m ie ] b on a m ri
’
. .

B o n i f a c e n ( l a n d l or d ) b on r- e e s
'
. f .

b o n m o t n w it t ici s m [ p l u ra l b on s m ots] b on moo

'
. .

b o n n e n ( n u r s e m a id ) b on
. .

b on n e t n b on xt ; ( di a l e c t a lly ) b xn rt
' '
. .

’
b o n n e t -r o u g e n ( l ib e r t y
-
ca p, e t c ) b
. o - n e e z uu
s . .

b o n n y a d j ( b e a u t i f u l ; g a y ) b on r
'
. .

b on n y c l a b b e r n ( cl ot t e d s ou r m ilk ) b on r k u e b oz
’
—
. .

b on -t o n n ( h ig h t on e ; good b r e e d in g ; p ol it e s oci e t y ) b ot)

.

'
t on .

n vi v en
'
b o n -v i v a n t li v e r ; jno v ia l
. c h a p) b
( good
o -
.

b on y a dj ( of b on e s ) b oo-n r
'
. .

’
b o n z e n ( B u d d h ist m on k ) b e n z ( r a r e ly ) b on z r
. , .

b oo k k e e p e r n b u k-k ri- paz ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) b u-kipaz

’
.
'
p p .

b o o r n ( cou n t ry m a n ) b u zz
. .

b o o t h n ( t e n t , st a ll , e t c ) b q
. b uu b .
, .

b ooz e v d r i n k d e e p ly [ a ls o s p e l t b oos e , b ou s e , b ou z e ; syn on

.

y m ou s cog n a t e b ow s e ; p ast p ort rcxp l e a n d p r e t e r rt b ooz e d,

b ooz d ] b ou z .

b oo y a j [ l y] b
'
z d a l s o sp e
. t b oo s u u -z r
.

b or a c i c a d j ( of b or a x) b o z a s rk
’
. .

. f
b o r a g e n [a l so, or m e r ly s p e lt b orr a g e , b urr a ge, b urr i d ge ] ,
' '
b xz rd s ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) b oz rd s b oz- z xd s
'
p p , .

bo b
’ '
r a x n oz- z a
.k s , b o z-z
aek s .

b or e n ( on e w h o or t h a t w h ich , cau se s e n n u i ) b ozz

. , .

b or e a l a dj ( of t h e n ort h ) b oz-z i-al

’
. .

b or i d e n b oz z a rd ( b e or e of ) b oz- z rd
’
-
.
'
, f .

b or n a dj ( p os se ss in g a gi ve n q u a lit y rom b irt h ; in n at e )

. f
b ozz a .

b or n ( p ast pa r t i c i pl e of b ea r I n t h e se n se of giv e b irt h t o

v .
,

a s y ou n g ) b ozz n .

b o r n e v ( p a s t pa rt i c i p le of b e ar 1 n a ll s e n se s e xce pt gi v e
.

bi rt h t o a s y ou n g) b ozz n
, .

b or ou g h n [ a l s o s p e lt b or o] b oz o ( a ls o i n E n g l a n d a n d
. , ,

eas t er n N ew
' '
E n gla n d ) b az o ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) b az o b az o
'
, .

b or r o w v . t a k e on p l e d ge [ p a st pa r t i c i p le a n d p r e t e r 1t b or
b orr ow d ] b oz o ;
'
( d ia l e c t a l ly ) b oz a
’
r ow e d , .

b w ood s [ a l s o spe lt b os kage ] b osk rds

'
os ca g e n . .

c: law , f u r ac ca t 0 h ot or b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow , u : a sk or k it e ;
a: , . , , ,

l e n gt h -m a rk ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d xn s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e ss -
ma rk ra d i ca t e s c h1e f st re ss on t h e oll ow rn g sylla b l e.
58 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
b -b ok
b oS
’
o sh b ok n. a n t e l op e [ a ls o s p e lt b os c h b ok ] . c

p a r e b u s h b ok, b u s hb u c k .

b o s k e t n gr oov e [ a ls o sp e l t
. b os q u e t ; s y n on y m ou s c ogi

b u s ke t ]
'
b os k i t .

b o s o m n ( b r e a s t ) b u z am , b uu - z a m
’ ’
. .

b o s o n n b oo sa n , b oo- s n s a m e m e a n i n g as b oa t sw a in
’ ’
-
. . .

b o t n w or m , m a gg ot [ a l s o sp e l t b ot t ] b ot
. .

b o t a n i c a dj b o t mn i k
’
. .

’
b o t a n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t b ot a n is e ] b ot n - a i z
. .

b o t a n y n ( s cie n ce of p l a n t s ) b ot n i , b ot o n i
' '
- -
. .

b o t c h n , v b u n gl e [ as v e rb , p as t pa r t i ci pl e a n d pr e t
. .

b ot ch e d, b ot c h t ] b ot s .

b o t h y n b u t [ a l s o s p e lt b ot h i e ] b oei
’
. .

’
b -d
w ozz , b u d w ozz ;
’ ’
o u d o i r n ( l a d y s
.
p r iv a t e r o o m ) b u u
’
b u u - d w c zz b u u d w a zz , e t c
’
s o) ,
-
.

b ou f f e n ( c om i c op e ra ) h ou
. f .

b o u g h n ( b r a n ch of a t r e e ) b oo
. .

b o u g i e n ( w a xl igh t ) b uu 3 i, b uu -si
’ ’
-
. .

b o u i l l i n ( b u ild m e a t ) b u u - j i b ou l j i , b u j i i, b uu l j i i
’ ’ ’ ’
—
. , .

’
b o u i l l o n n ( cl e a r s ou p ) b u u j on, b uu l j oi) ; b u j oi) , b u l j
' ’ ’
- -
.

'
( er r on e ous ly ) b ul ia n .

b ou l n b e n d , r in g [ a l s o s p e l t b ool ] b ou l
. .

b ou l d e r n l oos e r ock [ a l s o s p e l t b ow l d e r ] b ool d oz

’
-
. .

b ou l e n ( G r e e k l e gis l a t iv c ou n cil ) b u u -l i
’
. .

b ou l e n b ou l . s a m e m e a n i n g a s b u hl
. .

bo u l e v a r d n ( b r o a d s t r e.e t)
’
b u u -
l a v ozz d ; ( l es s o t e n ) b
’
-
f
v oz d , b u u l v oz
’
—
.

b ou l e v a r d i e r n ( on e w h o re q u e n t s a b ou l e v a rd ) b u l . f
’
d i e e , b u u l o- v oz d e zz
’
- -
.

b o u l e v e r s e m e n t n ( a t u r n i n g u p s id e d ow n ) b u l v ozz s m
’
-
.

-m an t
e z s m on
' '
b u l a v n zz s , b u l -v
.

b o u n d a r y n [ p l u r a l b ou n d a r i e s ] b ouu n d a e x b ou n d ri
’ ’
- - -
.
,
'
b - i
’
b o u n t e o u s a d j o u n t o s ; (. e r r o n e o u s ly ) b ou n t S -
as -
.

b o u q u e t n ( n os e g a ; od or of w in e ) b u k e c ; ( l e s s r o e
.
’
y p p
' '
b uu - k e , b o k e e .

b o u q u e t i n n ( ib e x ) b u k o t aen, b u k t aen b uu - k o- t i n
’ ’ ’
.
, .

b u zz - b a n
’
B ou r b o n n . .

b o u r d o n n or ga n s t op [ a l s o s p e lt b u r d o u n ] b u zz - d on l
’ '
-
.
,

d on .

b ou r g e o i s n [ a ls o s p e lt b ur g e ois ] b nz d 3 oi s
’
. .

i
’
i ( i ) b
’
b ou g e o s
r t n 3 w o b uz 3 w o
-
n c z e .u z z , .

b o u r g e o i s i e n ( m id d l e c la s s ) b U Z 3 w o 2 1 i b oar3 w o 2 1 i
’ '
.
, .

b o u r n n b ou n d goa l [ a ls o s p e l t b ou r n e ] b u zz n , b ozz n
.
, .

j ye , ; cu r e ;
c a t he , 0t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc
h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 f fool
.

w w he n ; t) s in g ; u w , u ll ou , , i it , i i
o p oe t ic ; a ov e r, e a e ri al , A b u t , o: d oor . 00 n o, e b e d , ee ;
 D ICTI ON ARY O F HARD W ORD S 59

b o u r n n s t r e a m b r ook [ a l so s p e l t b ou r n e ] b ozz n
. , .

b o u r n o u s n b uz n u u s s a m e m e a n i n g a s b u r n oos e
'
. . .

b o u r s e n ( st ock e xch a n ge ) b u zz s
.
-
.

b o u s e v b ou z b ou z . s a m e m e a n i n g a s b ooz e
, . .

b o u s e v h a u l w it h t ack l e [ a l s o s p e l t b ow s e ] b oos
. .

b ou s e n ( or e m ixt w it h v e in s t on e ) b o os b uu s
. , .

b ou s t r o p h e d o n n ( a t u r n i n g b a ck a n d f or t h a s of a n ox
.

i n pl ow in g : a m od e of G r e e k w r it i n g ) b u s t ga f i i d a
’
-
.

b o v i n e a dj ( ox lik e ) b oo v a i n b oo V i n ; b oov i n
’ ’ ’
- - - -
. , .

b o w n ( in c lin a t i on of t h e h e a d ) b oo
. .

b o w v b e n d a s t h e b od y or n e c k ; m a k e a b ow [pa st pa r t i ci
. ,

p l e a n d p r e t e r i t b ow e d b ow d ] b oo , .

b o w n ( w e a p on ) b oo
. .

b o w v m a k e in t o t h e f or m of a b ow ; cu rv e : a s
.
‘b ow a rib ,

b on ; p e r f or m b y m e a n s of a b ow u p on a st r i n gd i n s t ru
m e nt : as *
b ow a p ass a ge w e ll [ p as t pa rt rcxp l e a nd p re t e
,

r i t b ow e d b ow d ] b oo , .

b o w n ( f orw a r d p a r t of a s h ip ) b oo
. .

b o w n ( l oca l ) h e r d o f ca t t l e [ a ls o s p e l t b u ] b uu
. .

b o w i e -k n i f e n b oo i n a i f ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) b uu - I -n ui f
' '
- -
.
.

b o w -k n o t n b oo n ot
'
-
. .

b o w l n ( l a rge con ca v e dis h ) b ool

. .

b o w l n ( b a ll u s e d i n pl a y i n g b ow l s or s kit t l e s ) b oul ; ( d ia
.

l e c t a lly ) b oul , b ou l .

b o w l v p l a y a t b ow l s ; m ov e h or iz on t a lly , a s a b a ll [ p a st por
.

t i C i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t b ow l e d , b ow l d ] b ool .

b o w l d e r n s e e b ou l d er . .

b o w -l e g g e d a dj b oo-l e g i d b oo-l e g d
’ ’
. .
,

b o w l i n e n r op e [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s s p e lt b ow l in ] b oo-l i n , b oo
.
’ ’
,
’
p p ’
l a i n ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) b o u l i n , b ou l a i n
- -
.

b o w s e n b ou z . s a m e m e a n i n g as b ooz e
. .

b o w s p r i t n s p a r p r oj e ct i n g r om a s h ip s s t e m [ sy n on y
.
’
f
m ou s cog n a t e b ol ts pr i t ] b O O SpS It , b ou- s pu t
' ’
-
.

b o w -w i n d o w n b oo w xn d o
’
. .

b o y n m a l e c h il d ; y ou t h [ pl u r a l b oys ] b oi ; ( d ia le c t a lly ) b c r
. .

b o y a r n t it l e [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e b oy a r d ] b oi a zz , b oi e z
’ ’
-
. .

b ya i i
'
d b
’
o r n b o -
oz d. , o - z
a s a m e m e a n i n g a s b oy a r . .

b yc t n , v
'
-k
o o t b o i .ot . .

b r a c c i a l e n ( t or ch b r ack e t e t c ) b z aek s i e e l i
’
- -
. . .
,

b r a c h n ( h ou n d ; b i t ch h ou n d ) b e ge t
. b z mk -
s , .

b r a ch i a l a dj ( of t h e a r m ) b z ae k i ol b z ze k col b z e e k i- ol
’ ’ ’
- -
.
, , .

b r a c h i a l e n b r a ch ia l ; r e l iq u a r y i n t h e sh a pe of a h a n d or
.

f
or e a r m [ p l u r a l b r a c h ia l i a ] b z ze k i e e -l i
’
.

c: la w , fu r ,
a: e cat ,
a 0 h ot , or b oy ; ( 1: f a r , d o n ow , u : a s k , a i k i t e
l e n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l o n g
s t re s s-m a rk i n d i ca t e s ch1e f
st r e ss on t h e f oll ow m g sy l l a b l e .
 60 DICTI O N ARY O F HARD W ORD S

r a ch i a j b ki '
b z e e ki bz z ki-e t ,
’
b ad
’
te . z e e- -e
t, - -
at , bz ee- kcat ; ’

b z a ki at , bz a kcat
' ’
-
.

B r a c h i a t a n , pl ( ord e r of crin oid s) b e a k i e e -t o

. . .

b r a c h i o p o d n [ pl u ra l b r a ch i op ods , br ac h i op oda ; syn on y

.

m ou s cogn a t e b rach iop od e ] b e z ki-a- pod

'
.

’
B r a c h i o p o d a n pl b z ae ki op a-d o . . .

b r a c h i o p o d e n b z e k i a p od sa m e m e a n i n g as b r ac h iop od
’
- -
. .
.

b r a ch i u m b r a c h i a l b z e e ki a m , b z a ki-e m
’ '
- -
.

b a j ( h i l d ) k j z al
’
r c h yu a r l a d s o rt -
t e b z a i . u z -
.

b ac e o
r t i f r m a j
d ( b r a c t -s h a p e d )
'
b z ae k t i-
.i -f ozz m .

i i
'
k
’
b a ct o a e
r e l t a d j b z ae k t -
a -
l e t , b z e t.i -
o -l e t .

b r a g g a d o c i o n ( b r agga r t ; b oa st in g) b z aega d oo-S

'
. e .

b r a g g a r t n [ f or m e r sy n ony m ou s cog n at e b r agga r d ] b z acgaz t

’
. .

m
’
b a
r h a n ( h e n ) .b e a z-
me .

B r a h m a n n [ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e B r a h m in ] b z a z- m on
'
. .

B r a h m a n e e n [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e B r a h m in e e ] bz oz-i no
'
.

m .

b r a h m i n y a dj ( d e v ot e d t o Siv a b y t h e B ra h m a n s ) b z o
’
.

m i -n i .

b r a i z e v st e w i n gr a v y [ a l s o s p e l t b r uise ; p as t pa rt i ci pl e an d
.

p r e t e r i t b r a iz e d b ra iz d ] b e s e z , .

b r a k e n ( m ot ion a r r e s t e r ; la r ge f e r n ) b z e e k
.
-
.

B r a m a h a dj " ‘ B r a m a h p r e ss )
( i n B r a m a h l ock bz e mo
'
. ,
,

b z oz-m a
'
.

b r a n c h n ( b ou gh e t c ) b z a zn t S b z ozn t S b z ae zn t S; ( a ls o a n d in
.
,
.
, , ,

B r i t a in n or ma lly ) b z a a b z o a bz a a , , .

b r a n c h i a n g i l l [ r a r e l y u s e d i n t h e S i n g u l a r ; pl u r a l b r a n
.

c h ia e ] b z a
'
n ki -
e .

'
b r a n c h i a e n ( p l u r a l of b r a n c h i a ) b z a nk i i
.
-

b r a n d - n e w a d j [ a l s o , s o m e t i m e s s.p e l t b r a n -
n ew ] bz a n ,

’
n j u u , ( as s um pt iv ly )
'
b z e n - n j uu ; ( a ls o, l e s s o t e n ) b z a n d f
b z e n d -n j u u
'
n j u u , ( a s s u m pt iv ly )
’
.

b r a s s n ( m e t a l ) b z a zs b z ozs , b z aezs
.
, .

b r a s s n ( Eu r op e a n m e a su re of l e n gt h ) b z a s
. .

i i ) b d
'
( f d b
'
b r a s s a g e n t a x or . c o n n g z a z- i
s s Z Q S I s , .

b r a s s a r d n a r m c v e r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e b r as sa r t ] b z a
’
- o
.

s az d , b z o so zz d
’
.

s a m e m e a n i ng a s b r as s a r d
' '
b r a s s a r t v b z zr s oz t b z a so zz t
. , . .

b r a s s e n ( Eu r op e a n b a s s a f is h ) b z a s
. , .

b r a s s i c a dj ( of B ra ss ica ) b z a s i k
’
. .

’
b r a s s y a dj ( of b r a s s ; b r a z e n ) b z a z SI
.
-
.

b r a t t i c e n p a r t it ion , e t c [ a l s o s p e l t b r a t t is ; syn on y m :
. .

cog n a t e s b r e t t ic e b r e t t is ] b z a t i s
'
.
,

a h 9 h i re , d 3 j oy ; S h e , t Sc h e
j ye , ;
c cu r e t e , t n ; 3 a z u s o
w w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , a u ll , on ool , r i t , i i Si
.

f f
o p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e ae n al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat
 D I CTION ARY O F HARD W ORD S 61

b r a t t i ci n g n . op e n w ork cr e s t i n g, e t c. [ als o s p e lt b ra t t is in g ;
s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e b r a t t is h in g ] b z a t i -s u)
’
.

b r a v a d o n ( b oast f u l m e n a ce ) b z o v az o, b z e v -d o
’
-d
’
. e e .

'
b r a v o n b a n d it [ p lura l b r a v os, b rav oes ] b e a z v , b z
'
- o e e -v o .
.

b r a v o i n t e rj ( w e l l d on e ! g ood ! ) b z a z v o ; ( r a r e ly ) bz e v o
’ ’
- -
. e .

b r a v u r a n ( d a s h ; f l o r id
. or b r i l lia n t a ir ) b z e
’
v o z-
za .

b r a z e v ( cov e r or or n a m e n t w it h b ra ss ; s old e r ) bz e e z
. .

b r a z e n a dj of b ras s ; s t r on g ; i m p u d e n t [ a ls o s pe lt b r ase n ]
.

b z e e - z a n , b z e e -z n
' '
.

( ol d e r ) bz e e
’
-z i-az
b a i e n p a n [ a s o spe ] b e
'
r z r l . l t b r as i er z e ,

soz ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) b z e z az
'
-
e .

b r a z i l i n n re d c ol o r i n
. g
-m
a t t e r o f B r a z il -w ood
[ a l s o s pe l t
br az il in e , b r a s il in , b r as il in o ; s yn on ym ou s cogn a t e b r ez il in e ]
'
b z ae u -l i n .

b r e a c h n ( b re ak ; ru pt u r e ) b z i it S
. .

b r e a d n f ood [ a ls o spe lt b r e d ] bz e d
. .

b r e a d t h n w id t h ; b r oa d n e s s [ a ls o sp e lt b r e d t h ] b z e d O ; ( l ess
.

p r op e r ly ) bz e t O .

b r e a k v n ( f ract u re ) bz e e k ( w h en u n s tr es t ) b z e k
., . , .

b r e a k f a s t n f irst m e a l [ a l s o sp e lt b r e kfas t ] b z e k-fas t ,

'
.

bz e k f as t
’
.

b r e a s t n m a mm a , e t c [a l s o s p e lt b r es t ] b z e st
. . .

b r e a t h n e x ha la t ion , e t c [ a ls o s p e lt b r e t h ] b z e O
. . .

b r e a t h e v r e s p ire [ p a s t pa r t i c ml e a n d p r e t e r i t b r e a t h e d,
.

b r e a t h d ] b Z i io .

b r e c c i a n ( con glom e ra t e w it h a n gu la r f r ag m e n t s ) b z e t S
'
. a .

b r e e c h n ( h in d e r p a r t ) b z i i t S
. .

b r e e c h v ( pu t in t o b re ech e s e t c ) b z i it S b e rt S
.
, .
, .

b r e e c h e s n pl ( ga r m e n t ) b z i t Si z ( r ar e ly ) b z i i-t Si z
’ ’
. .
,

b r e e c h i n g n ( i n a ll s e n s e s ) b z i t Si iJ , b z i i-t Si i)
.
' '
.

b r e e k s n pl ( b r e e ch e s , t r ou se r s ) b z i iks
. . .

b r e r e n b z i :z . s a me m e a n i n g a s b r i e r
. .

b r e t e s s e n ( t ow e r ; p r oj e c t i n g s t ru ct u re ) b z s t e s
.
’
.

b r e t h r e n n ( p lu r al of b r ot h e r ) bz e bz on ; ( i mp r op e r ly ) bz e
.
’ '

b az n .

b r e t z e l n b z e t s al s a m e m e a n i n g a s p r e tz e l
’
. . .

b r e v e n ( l e t t e r ; n ot e ; s h or t m a r k ) b z i iv
.
—
.

b r e v e t n ( l e t t e r ; lice n s e ) b z i v e t bz e V It
’ ’
. .
,

b r e v i a r y n ( b rie f s t a t e m e n t ; ch u rch b ook ) he i i-v i e z i b z i i ' '

-
.
,

v i o Z i , b z i i v ia z i
'
b z e v i- e z i
’
- - - -
, .

b r e v i e r n ( t y pe ) b z i V i zz .
’
.

b r e w v p r e p a r e f r om m a l t ; m ix [ p a st pa rt i c i ple an d p r e t e r i t
.

b r e w e d b r e w d ] b z ou
, .

c: la w , f u r m e a t o h ot , oi b oy a z a r . 00 n ow , 8 : a s k
a: , , f , aikit e ;
le ngt h m a r k ( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss - m a r k i n d i ca t e s c h ie s t re ss on t h e f oll ow m g f sy ll a b l e .
62 DICTIONARY O F HAR D WORD S
b r e w e r n ( on e w h o b re w s ) b z uu -az
’
. .

b r i a r n b z a i az
'
. s e e b r i er -
. .

b r i c -a -b r a c n [ a ls o s pe l t br ic d b r a c ] b z i k a-b z ae k
’
- -
. .

b r i c ol e n ( ca t a pu lt ; s id e st r ok e ; h a r n e s s ) b z i k ool b z i kol
’ ’
-
. .
,

b r i d a l a dj ( of a b rid e ) b z a i d l b z a i d al
'
-
.
'
,
-
.

b r i d l e n ( h e a d ge a r of a h a r n e s s ) bz a i d l
’
- -
. .

b r i d o o n n s n a ff l e b it [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e b r a d oon ] b z i
. ,
'
d uu n .

b r i e f a dj ( sh ort , e t c ) b z i i f
. . .

b r i e r n b u s h [ a l s o s p e lt b r ia r ; sy n on ym ou s cog n at e b r e r e ]
.

b z a i- oz
’
.

b r i g a d i e r n ( com m a n d e r of a b r ig a d e ) b z i g a d i zz
.
'
.

b r i g a n d n ( f r e e b oot e r ) b z i ga n d b z i ga n d
’ '
-
. .
,

b r i g a n d i n e n coat of f e n ce [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e b r iga n

.

t i n e ] bz i ga n -d i n
' ’
b z i gon - d i n , .

b g i i i sa m e m e an i n g a s
’ ’
r a n t n e n b z i g on -
t n , b g
z i .o n -
ti n .

b r i g a n d in e .

b r i g a n t i n e n ( t w o m a st e d v e ss e l ) b z i ga n t in , bz i gan -t i n
’ ’
- -
. ,
'
b z i gon - t a i n .

b r i l l a n t e a dv ( i n m u s ic , b rill ia n t , d a shin g ) b z i l a zn -t i , b e il
’
.

'
l a zn - t e .

b r i l l i a n t a dj , n b Z i l ian t
'
. . .

b ( m i - in
'
r i l l i a n t i n e n c o s e t i c ) b z i l on . t .

b r i l l i o l e t t e n b z i l ia l e t s a m e m e a n i n g as b r ill ol e t t e
’
. . .

b r i l l ol e t t e n b z i la le t s a m e m e a n i n g a s b r i ol e t t e
’
. . .

b r i m f u l a dj [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , s pe l t b r im u ll ] b z i m f ul ( a s
.
’
f ,

s u m p t i v l y)
’
b z i m -
f ul .

b r i m m e d a dj [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t b r i m d ] b z i m d ( a ls o, i n
.
,

p oe t ry ) b z i m i d
'
.

b r i n j a l n e ggp la n t [ al s o sp e lt b r in j a u l b r i n j a l l, b r in j a a l ]
. ,

b z i n - d 3 c zl
'
.

b r i n j a r r e e n p e d l e r of gr ai n a n d sa lt [ al s o s p e l t b r in j ar e e
.
,

b r in j a r r y ] b Z I n d 3 & Z I , b z i n d 3 a z z i
' ’
-
.

b r i ol e t t e n d ia m on d [ al s o sp e lt b r i ol e t ; sy n on y m ou s cog
.

n a t e s b r i ll iol e t t e , b r i l l ol e t t e ] b z i- a l e t
’
.

b r i q u e t n ( a s t e e l f or s t r ik in g a l ight on f l i n t ) b z i k e t
’
. .

b r i q u e t n a s m a ll b r ick ; a b r ick l ik e ca k e or b a l l of coa l

.
-

d u s t f or f u e l [ a l s o s p e l t b r i q u e t t e ] b z r k e t b z i k i t
' ’
.
, ,
'
b r i s t l e n v b z i s al b z i sl
.
,
.
, .

b r i t s k a n c a r r ia g e [ a l s o s p e l t b r i tz s k a ] he i t sk e
’
. .

b r o a c h n a w l ; s p in d l e ; s pi r e ; or n a m e n t a l p in or cla s p [ i n
.

t h e l a st s e n s e s p e l t a l s o b r ooc h ] b e a ut S .

b r o c a d e n ( f a b r ic ) b z o k e e d
'
. .

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w
ye ,
w w h e n ; I] S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , i it , i i s e e ,
.

f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o g a t e ;
6 4 DI CTIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

b r u m a l a dj ( of w i n t e r ) b z uu - m al
'
. .

b r u n e t t e n w om a n w it h d a rk h a ir , e t c [ als o s pe lt b ru n
. .

’
b e u n ot .

b r u s h ad j ( i n h e r a l dr y, t a w n y ) b z us k
. .

b r u s h a d j a b ru p t ; ru d e [ a l s o s pe lt b r u s q ue ] b z A s k , b z usk
. .

b r u s k n e s s n [ a l s o s p e l t b r u sq u e n e ss ] b z A s k N i s , b z u s k N i
’ '
.

b r u s q u e a dj s e e b r u s k . .

b r u t n ( ch r on icl e ) b z uu t
. .

b r u t v ( b r ow s e ) b z A t
. .

b r u t n ob s ol e t e ( b re t , a fi sh ) b u t
.

b r u t a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t b r u ta l is e ] b z ou -t i - a i z
. .

b r y o n i n n glucos id e [ a l s o s pe l t b r y on i n e, b r i on i n e, b r ion
.

b z a i-a- n i n
’
.

b u b a l n a n t e l ope [a l s o s p e l t b u b ol e ] b j u u -b al
'
. .

b u b a l i n e a dj of t h e b u ff a l o [ a l s o s p e l t b u b a li n ] b j ou -b o—l
'
.

b u b o n s w e ll i n g [ p l u ra l b u b oe s ] b j u u -b o
'
. .

b u c c a l a dj ( of t h e b u cca or ch e e k ) b A kal
'
. .

b u c c a n n m e at -r oa st in g f r a m e [ al s o s pe lt b u can ; syn o
.
'

m ou s cog n a t e s b ou con , b ocan ] b A kon '

.

b u c c a n e e r n h u n t e r ; pir at e [ al so spe l t b uca n e er , bu cam

.

b u ccon i e r ] b A k a n i zz
’
.

b u c c i n a t or n m u scl e [ pl u r al b ucci n a t or, b u cci n a t or es ] b

.
’
.

s r- n e t az .

b u c c i n a t o r e s n ( p l u r a l of b u cc in a t or ) b A k Si -n e t oz-z iz
’
. .

b u c e n t a u r n b u ll lik e ce n t a u r b a r ge [ i n t h e s e n s e of b a r
.
-

l a r] bj u b j uu e t c zz
' '
s pe t B u ce n t u s e n -
tc z
z s n -
,
-
.

'
b u c h u n p l a n t [ a l s o s p e lt b u c h u b ou c h u e ] b j uu -keu , b A
'
.
,

b u c ol i c n a dj ( p a s t or a l ; r u r a l ) b j u k ol i k
’
. . .
,

B u d d h i s m n [ a ls o s p e l t B u d h is m B ou d h is m B oodd h is
.
, ,

B ood h is m ] b u-d i z e m , b uu - d i z e m b A - d i z om
' ' '
.
,

b u f f a l o n w ild ox ; b i s on [ p l u r a l b u a l oes , b u a l os ] b A f a
.
'
ff ff
b u f f e t n ( b l ow , cu ff ) b A f i t
'
. .

b u f f e t v s t r ik e , cu ff ; b e a t b a ck ; s t r u ggl e [ p r e s e n t p fl f t IC l
.

ff
b u e t i n g ; p a s t p a r t i ci p l e a n d p r e t e r i t b u e t e d ] h A f i t
’
ff .

b u f f e t n d ia l e c t a l (b u ff e t st ool f oot s t ool h a s s ock ) b A f

'
-
.
, ,

bu f f e t n s i d e
. b o a r d ; c u p b o a r d ; r e f r e s h m e n t -
b a r [ f or m e r s
on y m ou s c og n a t e s b e a u e t, b e a u
’ '
f
e t ] b u fe e , b A f i t ff .

b u f f oo n n ( cl ow n ; j e st e r ) b A f u u n
'
. .

b u h l n i n l a id cab in e t -w ork [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e B o

.

b oul , b j u u l .

b u i l d v f ra m e con st ru ct [ a l s o s p e lt b i l d ; p a s t p a rt i C i pl c
.
,

p r e t e r i t b u il t b il t a n d s om e t i m e s b u il d e d , b il d e d ] b i
, , ,

b u i l d e r n [ a l s o s p e l t b i l d e r ] b i l d az
’
. .

j ye , c e n r e ; ot h e , 0 t h in ; s a z u r e ,
d 3 j oy ; s h oe , t Sc .

w w h e n ; u s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , o f u l l , on 001, x i t , i i
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t, a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e ;
 DI CTI O N ARY O F H ARD WORD S 67

b u s y a dj ( act i v , e t c ) b i l i
'
. . .

b u t con j , a d v b A t , ( w h en u n s tr es t ) b ot
. . .

b u t p r ep b A t . .

b u t c h e r n , v [ a s v e r b , p a s t pa rt i ci pl e a n d p ret e r i t b u t ch
. .

’
b u t c h er d ] b ut S e z ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly )
’
e re d , b uu - t S ez .

b u t t n , v [ a l s o, i n a ll s e n se s , sp e l t b u t ] b A t
. . .

b u t t e n ( h ill ) b j uu t . .

i m
’
b tt [ m l ] z in , b A t o
'
u e r i n e n a l s o , s o e t e s, s p e . t b u t t e r i n b A t o-

zin .

b u t t on n .
, v . [as v e rb , p e st p a r t i C i ple an d p r e t e r i t b u t t on e d ,
] bA tn
’
u t t on d
b .

b u t y r i c a dj ( o f b u t t e r ) b j u t i z i k
’
. .

j
’
b u t y i
r n n [ a l s o s p t
e l b u t
.
y r i n e ] b u u t
- i -z i n
.

d [ m i m ] k
’
b u x i n e n a l k a l oi a l s.o, s o e t e s , s p t
e l b u x i n b A -
se i n ,

b A kS i n
’
.

b u y v p u rch a s e [p r e se n t pa r t i C i pl e b u y in g ; p a st p a r t m i p l e
.

a n d p r e t e r i t b ou g h t ] b a i .

b u z n , v h u m [ a s ve rb p a st p a rt i ci p l e a n d p r e t e r i t b uz z e d ,
. . ,

b uz d ] b A z .

b y p r e p ( a s i n by t h e w a y, by t h e b y, by r a il, t w o b y t w o)
*
.
* * *

b a i , ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) b e .

*
b y a d v ( a s i n n e a r b y , b y a n d b y, h e j u s t w e n t b y ) b u t
.
* * *
.

‘
b y n a s i n b y t h e b y , s t e a l a b y [ al s o s p e l t b y e ] b a i
.
*
.

by j d [ l l ]
’
- b i t o o b a s o s p e t b e -
b e b a bai
y n e r g y y y i
-
. .

'
by - b y n s l e e p .
, b e d [ a l s o s p e l t b y e -
b y e ] b a i b ai -
.

l e]
’
b y g o n e a dj , n [ a s o s pe t b y gl .
-
o n . b a i -
gozn .

b y l a w n [ a l s o s p e t b y e ow ]
’
- .l -
l b a l c:
i -

b y n n i n ( is h ) b i n i .
’
f .

b yp a t h n [ a l s o s p e
. l t b y
-
a t h a n d , o r m e r l y, b y e -
p
ath ]
’
b ai f p
p a ze .

b y -p r o d u c t n [ a l s o s p e l t b y e - r od u c t ] b a i - ps od ok t.
’
p .

b y -r o a d n [ a l s o or m e rl y
. s p e lt b y e r oa d ]
, f ’
b a i z oud ,
- -
.

b y s t a n d e r n [ a l s o, or m l
e r y , sp e t
. l f
by e s t an d e ] b r
’
a i -
s tee n -

d oz .

by - s t r e e t n [ a l s o s p e l t b y s tr e e t ] b a i s t gi i t
e.
-
’
-
.

b y w a y n [ a l s o s pe l t b y -w a y, b y e - w ay ] b a i - w e e
'
. .

b y w o r d n [ a l s o, or m e r ly , s p e l t b y w or d , b y e w or d ]
.
-
f -
'
b ai
w n zz d .

b y z a n t n ( gold coin ) b i z an t , b i z aent s a m e m e an i n g a s

’ '
. .

b ez a n t .

B y z a n t i a n a dj b i z aen S s a m e m e a n i n g a s B yz a n t i n e
’
on . . .

B y z a n t i n e n [ a l s o s om e t im e s , s p e lt B y z a n t in ] b i z a n t i n ,
’
.
,
’ ’
b i z e n t a i n , b a i z ae n t a i n
’ ’
b i z an t i n b i z w n t a i n
-
,
-
,
- -
.

c: law ,
fur a: , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f or 00 n ow u : a s k
h ot , oi , , , ai k it e ;
l e n gt h m a r k
-
( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d is l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
i n d i c a t e s c h 1e s t r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rn g f s y l la b le .
68 D ICTION ARY O F HARD WOR D S
ca b a g e d j ka b e e d 3 d sa m e m e a n i n g
’
ad . . as c a b os h e d .

ca b a l ( con j oin t i n t rigu e ; j u n t o) ko b ie l

’
n. .

ca b a l v. [ p r e s e n t p a r t i c i p l e c a b a l l in g ; p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d
’
pr e t e r i t c a b a l le d c a b a l d ] k a b te l , .

ca b a l a n . H e b r e w t ra d it ion [ a ls o sp e lt ca b b a la ka b al a k a b , ,

b ola ] ka b e -l o
’
.

ca b a l i sm n d oct rin of t h e cab ala [ a l so s pe lt ca b b a lis m ]

.

k e b e -l i z am
’
.

ca b a l i s m n ( t e n d e n c y t.o f o r m c a b a l s ) k a
’
b ie -
l i z am .

ca b a l i st n on e v e rst i n t h e ca b a l a [ a l s o s p e lt c a b b a l is t ]
.

’
ka b a -l i st .

c a b a l l e r n ( on e w h o ca b a l s ) k o b a
’
. e l az .

c a b a l l i n e a dj ( f )
’ ’
o a h o r se k a .b e -
l i n k e b a -
la i n , .

ca b a r e t n ( i k -h ou e
)
’ '
d i k z e t , ka
’
r n n .
g s ae b a -
eb a z e ka ba z e e -
, .

ca b o b n [ a ls o spe lt k a b ob, ca b ob ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e ka

.

b a b ] ka b ob
’
.

ca b osh e d a dj [ al s o sp e lt ca b oc h e d, ca b oc h t ; sy n on y m ou s
.

cogn at e s ca b oss e d , c a b ag e d ] k o b oS
'
e a b os t , t .

c a b r i ol e t n ( i
’
g ) k b i kze b z i o l e e
'
c a rr a e ie
. z -
a le t ,
-
.

c a c a o n t h e s e e d of t h e ch ocol a t e - t r e e , f r om w h ic h c ocoa i s
.

m a d e ; a ls o, t h e t r e e it s e l f [ sy n on y m ou s s u b s t it u t e c ocoa ] k o
’
ke e o, ka koz- o, k e e ko
’ '
- -
.

c a c a o -n u t n ( t h e f r u i t o f t h
. e c a c a o o r c h o c o l a t e -
t re e ) ka
k e e -o n A t , ka k a : - o- n A t
’ ’
.

ca c h a l o t n s pe r m - w h a l e . [ als o s pe lt ca c h olot ; sy n on y m ou s
cog n a t e ca c h e l ot ] ka S
'
ka t S ka S
’ '
a - l ot a - l ot , e lo , .

c a ch e n ( h i d i n g pl a ce , e t c ) k a zs kae S
-
. . .
,

ca ch e t n ( se al , st a m p ) kze Se e
’
. .

ca ch e x y n ( m orb id con d it ion ) ka k e k Si

'
. .

c a c h i n n a t i on n ( l l h k
’
o u d a u g t e r ) ae k
. i n e e -
S on .

k o k i n o- t oz i k a k i n o t az i
'
c a c h i n n a t o r y a dj
’ '
. kae k i n o- t az i ,
-
, .

c a ch o u n sw e e t m e a t f or t h e b r e a t h [ a l s o s p e l t c a s h e w ] ka
.

'
Su u .

c a ci q u e n .
prin ce [ a l s o for m e rly , , sp e lt c as s iq u e ; s y n on y

m ou s cogn a t e caz i q u e ] k a S i ik
’
.

ca c o d e m on n e v il s p i r it ; n ig h t m a r e [ a l s o s p e l t c a c od a e
m on ] ka k o d i i m a n
'
-
.

ca c od y l e n d im e t h yl a r s in e [ a l s o s p e l t ka k od y l e a n d s om e
.
,

t im e s c a c ody l k a k ody l ] ka k a d i l
’ ’
, ka k a- d a i l,
-
, .

m ispr on u n cia t ion [ a l s o s p e l t ca c oe p y ] k o k oo i ’

ca coe p y n .
-

k k
'
p i ,ae o-
epi .

ca coe t h e s n b ad h a b it [ a ls o sp e lt ca c oe t h e s ] k a k o i i - Oi z ,
.

'
kw k o i i O i s -
.

i ve , ; cu r e
c ; b t he , 0t hin ;
3 az u r e , d 3 j oy : S s h oe t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i re a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
o poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 9 : d oor , s o n o , e b ed , cc ga t e ;
 DICTIONARY O F H ARD WORD S 69

p a n n ie r kae ka l e
’
c a c ol e t n .
( ) -
.

c a c op h o n y n .
( t he opp os i t of e u p h on y )
k a ko a u i
'
f -
.

s p e l t ca d a s t r e ] ka d a s t az , k o d a
’ '
ca d a s t e r n . r e gi s t e r [ a ls o
s t az .

d a v e r n ( d e a d b od y ) ka d e e -v az , k a dae v az
’ ’
ca . .

c a d d i e n gol f - pl a y e r s l a d [ a l s o s p e lt c a d i e ca ddy ] ka d i
’ ’
.
, .

c a d d i s n r ib b on [ a l s o s p e l t ca ddic e ] kie d i s
’
. .

ca d d y n ( t e a b ox ; ca n ) ka d i
’
-
. .

’
( ca d e n ce ) k o d e n t sa , ka d e n z a
’
ca d e n z a n . .

( y ou n ge r s on ; m ilit a ry st u d e n t ) ka d e t
’
ca d e t n . .

[ a s o s pe t ka d i, ka dy ]
’ '
c a d i n j u dg .e l l k ee -
d i k a z-
di , .

C ad m a dj m
C a d u s [ a l s o s pe t C a m e an ] k d m i
’
ea n o f l . d a a
e i -
an .

c d u ceu s n w a n d [p u a l ca d u ce i] e dj uu i dj Sos
’ ’
a l r . k s -
a s k a u u - -
, .

c a d u c ou s a dj ( f a ll in g o f f ) k a
’
d j u u -
kas. .

c a e cu m b li n d gu t [ a ls o s p e lt ce cu m ; p l u ra l c a e ca ] s ri
’
n .
-

k om .

C a e n o z oi c a dj [ a ls o s p e lt C e n oz oic ] s in o z oo i k s a m e m e a n
'
-
. .

i n g a s C a i n oz oic .

C a e s a r e a n a dj of J u l iu s C a e s a r [ also sp e lt C a es a r i an , C c .

C es a r ia n ] si z e z- c i-an
’
sa r ean , .

c a e si u m n ( m ) i em
’
e t a l s ri -z -
. .

ca esu r a n . s e e c es u r a .

ca . ff
f é n ( co e e h ou s e ; r e s t a u ra n t ) kae f e e , ( a n t e r ior ly ) kae f e
-
’ '
.

c a f f e i c a dj ( o f c o e e ) k a
’
.f i i -
i k ,
’
kae f i -
ik ff .

ca f f ei n e n [ a l s o , s o m e t i m
. e s , s p e l t ca e i n ] k o
’
f i i -
i n ,
’
k a i -
i n, ff f
'
f
ka i a i n -
.

ca f f r e n s e e k a ir . f .

ca f t a n n g a r m e n t [ a ls o s pe lt ka t a n ] kee t on ka f t a zn
.
' ’
f f , .

ca h i e r n ( i h i f k l e a v e s ) kae j e e , ka
’
a s e c t
. o n o r g a t e r n g o b o o -

j , k j e , k o h i zz
' ’ ’
-
e e a z .

C a i n oz o i c a dj of r e ce n t l i e ; T e r t ia ry [ a l s o s p e lt Ka i n oz oic ;
. f
sy n on y m ou s C a e n oz oic, C en oz oic ] k e i n o z oo i k ,
’
c og n a t e s - -

’
k e n a z oo- i k .

ca i q u e n b oa t [ a ls o s pe l t ca i q u e, ka ic a n d , f or m e r ly , c a ic ]
.

k a i ik ; ( le s s r o e r ly ) k e e -ik
’ '
p p .

ca i q u e n ( p a rr ot ) k a i ke
’
-
. .

ca i r n n s t on e - h e a p [ a l s o s pe lt c or n ] k e zz n
. .

c a i s s o n n c h e s t ; w a t e r t ig h t cas e [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , s p e lt ca is
-
f
s oon ]
’
k e e s a n , k e e s on , k e e - s on, k e s uu n
’ ' ’
- -
.

c a j ol e r y n ( act of ca j olin g ) ko d 3 oo l o z i
’
- -
. .

ca l a b a r i n n al k a l oid [ a l s o s p e l t ca l a b a r i n e ] kael s b a z- z i n
’
. .

ca l a b e r n f u r [ a ls o s p e lt ca la b a r ] kael a b oz ’
-
. .

ca l a b oos e n ( j a il ) kae l o b uu s kzel a b u u z

' ’
. .
,

c: l aw , f u r ac ca t o h ot or b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow a : a s k a i k it e ;
8 : , , , , , ,

le n gt h - m a r k ( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e ss-ma rk i n d i ca t e s ch ie f st r e s s on t h e f ol l ow m g sy lla b l e .
70 DICTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S
d e n ( s l op e ) ka l e e d k o l a zd k a l a d
’ ' ’
ca l a . , , .

ca l a m i n e [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt ca l a m in ] kz l o- ni i n ,
'
n .

kae l a- m a i n
’
.

( ca r r ia ge ) k a l e S
’
ca l a s h n . .

s pu r [ p l u r a l c a l ca r ia ] kie l -kaz
'
ca l ca r n . .

c a l c a r e o u s a dj of lim e ; c h a lk y [ a ls o s pe lt ca lcar i ous ] I

. cici
k e z- z i- os
’
.

cal ca r i a n l f k i
'
(p l u r a o
. c a l c a r ) ao l k e z-
z -
a .

c a l ci m i n e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e kals om in e ] katl Si

'
n v .
, .

m a i n kae l s r- m i n
'
.
,

c a l c i n a b l e a dj
k ze l s a i n o- b al kae l s m a-b ol
’ ’
-
. .
,

kael s m a t oz i kael s xn a- t oz i
’ ’
ca l ci n a t or y n .
-
, .

( r e d u ce t o c a lx ) kae l s a i n kze l sa i n kae l s m

’ ’
c a l ci n e v
’
-
.
, , .

c a l ci u m n ( m e t a l ) kae l s i e m ; ( less p r op er ly ) ka l Si ain , ka l

' ' '
- -
.

Sam .

i l [ so sp t
l l ] k dt on
’
l
ca d o r n n b g k e tt. e a e c a u l d r o n c zl -
.

’
i d
’
ca l e d o i t en n ( m n e r a l ) . k a
e l i d a -n
a i t k a l e a -
n ai t , .

ca l e n d a r n a lm a n ac ; . t a b l e of d ay s [ a l s o s p e lt ka l e n d ar ]
'
ka l on -d az .

ca l e n d a r v e n t e r on a ca l e n d a r or l is t ; r e gi s t e r [ pa s t p a r
.

'
t c p
i i l e a n d p et
r e r i t c a e da e
l n r d c a el n d a d]
r k a l an -
d az , .

daz
'
ca l e n d er n ( l g
r o l i n -m
. a c h i n e ) k x l a n -
.

c a l e n d e r v p a s s t h ru a ca l e n d e r ; p r e s s b e t w e e n r ol l e r s [ p a st
.

k d az
'
pa t c p
r i i l e a n d p r e t e r i t c a l e n d e r e d c a l e n d e r d ] a
e l a n -
, .

C a l en d e r n d e r v i s h [ a
. l s o sp e l t K a l e n d e r ]
’
k ze l o n -
d az .

c a l e n d s n t h e f i r st d a y of t h e m on t h ; a l s o a n y on e o f t h e
.
,

d a y s p r e ce di n g t h e f irs t d a y of t h e m on t h a n d f oll ow in g
t h e id e s of t h e p re ce d in g m on t h [ a l s o s p e lt k a l e n d s ] kic
'

lan d z .

c a l f n [ pl u r a l c a lv es ] k a zf k a zf ka
. e zf , , .

l ) f
'
ca l f ’
s - f o t n
o (a p l an t A
. r u m m a cu a t u
, m k a z s -
fut .

d ia m e t e r [ a ls o s p e lt ca lib r e ] ka l i b az
’
ca l i b e r n .
-
.

’
c l i co
a n c tt
o . o n c l o t h [p l u ra l c a li c o e s ca l i c o s ] k ie l i -
ko , .

ca l i f n [.a l s o s p te l ca l ip h k a l i k a l ip h k h a
,
li ]
'
k e e -
li f f , , f .

ca l i f a t e n [ a ls o s p e lt ca l ip h a t e ka l i a t e k h a l i a t e ; s y n on y
.
,
f ,
f
m ou s cog n a t e ca l iph a t ] k ae l i f e t k e e - l i f e t
’ '
- -
.
,

ca l i p a sh n t h e p a r t of a t u r t l e n e x t t o t h e u pp e r s hi e l d [ a l s o
.

s pe l t c a ll ip as h ] kae l i paeS kze l i pae S

’ ’
-
.
,

ca l i p e e n t h e p a r t of a t u r t l e n e x t t o t h e l ow e r s h ie l d [ a l s o
.

s p e l t c a l l ip e e ] ka l i p i k$ i l p l l
’ '
-
.
,

ca l i p e r n in s t ru m e n t f or m e as u r in g d ia m e t e r or ca l ib e r [ a l
.

s o s p e l t c a l l ip e r ]
’
kze l i p az -
.

ca l i x n [pl u r a l ca li c e s ] s e e ca ly x
. .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n g 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w he n S
; 1] i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 f u ll , on fool ,
i it , i i s e e ;
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e r1 a l , A b ut , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b ed , ee g at e ;
 DICTIONARY O F H A RD WORD S 7l

ca lk v .d r iv e oa k u m i n t o t h e s e a m s of [ a ls o s p e lt ca u lk ; p as t
p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t c a l k e d , c a l k t ] k c zk .

ca l k v c ov e r w it h c h a l k [ a ls o s p e l t ca l q u e ; p as t p a r t i C i pl c
.

a n d p r e t e r i t c a l k e d , c a l k t ] ka l k , k czk .

c a l k n s pu r on a h or s e s h oe [ a l s o sp e l t c a u lk, c a u k ; sy n on y
.

m ou s cog n a t e cor k ] k c zk .

’ ’
c a l k i n n ( h o r s e
. s h o e -
c a l k ) k o z-k
i n, ka l k i n .

ca l l v .c r y ; h a i l [ p a s t p a r t i ci p l e a n d p r e t e r i t c a ll e d, col d ]

k c zl ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) kcl
, .

ca l l i g r a p h y n p e n m a n s h ip [ a l s o sp e lt c a l igr a hy, k a lligra

. p
p y] k ii
’
h o l i g z a -
.

c a l l i op e n m m i i d ) k l i
’
( h u n g
-
.b r o a -
a pi -
.

c a l l i s t h e n i c s n pl ligh t g y m n a s t ics [ a l s o s p e lt c a l is t h e n ics ]

. .

ke l i s O e n i k s
'
.

( h a v in g ca l l os it ie s ) kae l oos , ( as s u m pt iv ly ) kze l os

’
c a l l o s e a dj
’
-
. .

c a l l or a dj ( h a r d ; u n e e l in g ) k a l a s
.
’
f .

c a l l ow a dj ( w it h ou t . e a t h e rs ; f
u n l e dge d ; f
i n e xp e r ie n ce d ,
’
ra w ) kae l o .

c a l l u s n c a l l os it y [ pl u r a l ca ll i ]
'
. kze l as .

cal m n a dj .
, ( q u ie t ) ka zm ; ( d i a l e c ta lly, v u lg a r ly ) kw m
. .

m m hl i ) k m al
’
c a l o e l n ( e rc u r o u
. s c o r d e a e l a -
.

c a l o r i c a d j ( o f h e a t) k a.
’
l o z i k ; ( l e s s r o e r l y) k a
'
l o z zik
-
p p .

c a l o r i f i c a dj ( p r od u ci n g h e a t ) kae l a z i f i k
’
. .

h e a t -u n it [ a ls o s pe l t c a l or ie ] kze l a -z i
’
c a l or y n . .

j az ka loi az
’
l ( m k ) k l
’
c a oy e r n o n . ze a -
.
-
.

c a l t r op n s p ik e d b a ll [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s
. s p e lt c a l t r a ; sy n , p
on y m ou s c og n a t e ca l t h r o ]
'
ka l t ga p
’
p
kze l t gop ,
-
.

m m at
'
ca l u e t n i
(p p ) e k x. l i u -
.

ca l v e v b r in g . or t h a ca l f f
[ p a s t pa r t m i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t
ca l v e d c a l v d ] k a zv
,
ka zv kae zv , , .

'
ca l v e r n ( a c o w. t h a t ca l v e s ) k a z -v
az

c a l v e r a dj ( n e w l ca u g h t : sa id of i s h ) ka lv az
. y '
f .

c a l v e s -f o o t a dj [ s n o n y m o u s. c o g y n a t e c a l s oo t ]
’
k a zv z -
f ut f f ’
-
.

ca l x n .li m e ; ch a l k [ pl u ra l c a lx e s ca l ce s ] ka l ks , .

'
f i i
'
ca l y ce s n (p l u r a l. o c a l y x ) k x l i s z k e e l i s z -
,
- -
.

m l f ozz m , ka l i s i
’
j ( f m d l k l
’
ca yl c i f o r a d o r ik e . a c a y ) x a i s i -

f o zz m .

c a l y c i n e a dj of a ca ly x [ a l s o, s om e t im e s, s p e lt c a ly c in ] ka
’
.

l i -s m
’
kze l i - s e i n
, .

ca l y cl e n l it t l e ca ly x ; c a lico [ a l s o s pe lt ca l ic l e ] ka l i - kal
’
. .

ca l yx n . f
l ow e r - cu p ; t h e ou t e r e n v e l op of t h e pe r ia n t h ; t h e
s e p a ls col l e ct iv l y [ a lso or m e r ly , sp e l t
, f ca l iz ; p l ura l cd
l y x es c a ly c e s ] k e e - l i k s kze l i k s
' ’
.
, ,

c: la w ,fu r
a: , a c ot , o b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow 8 : a s k or k it e ;
h ot , oi , , ,

l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss -
ma rk i n d i ca t e s ch1 e f s t r e ss on t h e f ol low m g s yl l a b l e .
72 DI CTIONARY O F HARD WORD S
m m m k m ] k m
'
ca m as n.
p l a n t [ a l s o s p e l t ca a s s c o a s , a as a aes ,,

ka m a s s a m e m e a n i n g as q u a m as h
’
. .

ca m e l l i a n ( l o w e r )
. k a
'
m f e l i a ,
k a
’
m i i -
l i a -
.

ca m e l o p a r d n (g i r a e ) k a.
'
m e l o -
p a z z d , ff
'
k a m i l a -
p a z z d ; ( r a r e

ly ) ka m i l a pa zz d
’
.

[ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e ca m e l h a ir ] kae m a l z
'
ca m e l s h a i r n
’ -
.

h e zz .

C a m e m b e r t a dj kze m am -b e zz
'
. .

ca m en e s n ( m o o d . of t h e o u r t h i g u r e o f s y l l o g ifs m )
’
k ie f
m i -n i z .

ca m e r a n v au l t e d r oo ;
. ch a m b e r ; f
p h ot ogra ph ic a p p a ra t u s
[ pl u ra l ca m e r a s ca m e r oe ] ka m a z a , ( an t er iorly ) kazm az a ;
’ '
-
,

( r a p i d ly )
’
k ae mz o .

ca m l e t n f
a b r ic [ a l s o s p e l t c a m b l e t a n d ,
. or m e r ly , c a m e l o t ] f
kee m l at
’
.

ca m om i l e n m m ] k m mai l
'
pl a n t [ a l s o sp e t
. l c h a o il e a a -
.

ca m p a g n a n ( ob s ol e t e ) pl a in [ a ls o s pe lt ca m pagn ia ] ka m
.

’
p a : -
nj a c om p a r e c h a m a ig n
. p .

ca m p a i g n n s u s t a i n e d m il it a ry or ot h e r a ggr e s s iv
. op e r a

t ion s [ a l s o s p e lt ca m a in ] ka m p e e n
’
p .

ca m p a n i l e n [p l u r a l c a m
. a n i l e s c o m p a n i li ] k ae p
m p a
’
n i i -
li ; ,

p p
( l ess r o er ly ) ka m po n i l , kaem p o n a i l , ka m p o n i il
’ '
- -
’

ca m p h e n e n t e r p e n e . [ a l s o s p e l t c a m h i n e ]
'
k ze m -
f i n , ka m p
f i in
'
.

ca m p h i n e n t u r p e n t in e - oil [ a l s o
. s om e t im e s , s p e lt ca m ,

p h e n e ] ke m - f a i n kie m f in kw m f i in
’ '
-
'
, , .

ca m p h o r n a r om a t ic s u b st a n ce [ a l s o s p e l t c a mf or ; f orm e r
.

s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e c a m p h i r e ] kw m f az
'
.

ca n v [ p a s t pa r t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t ca n n e d, c an d ] ke n , ( w h e n
.

u n s tr e s t ) ke n kn , .

C a n a a n i t e n ke e n a n a i t
'
- -
. .

( t h e v il e p opu l a ce ; t h e r ab b l e ) ka n e e l , k a n a i ,
’ ’
ca n a i l l e n .

ko n a i l ko n a z j a
’ ’
-
.
,

ca n a i l l e n f e e d ; f in i s h t m i d d l i n g s [ a l s o s p e l t c a n a il ; s y n
.

on y m ou s c og n a t e s c a n a l c a n e l l ] k a n e e l
’
.
,

ca n a l v [ p r e s e n t p a r t i c i pl e c a n a l lin g ; p a s t pa rt i crp le a n d
.

p r e t e r i t c a n a ll e d c on ol d ] k a n w l
’
.
,

ca n a l i z e v fu r n is h w it h c a n al s e t c [ a lso sp e lt can a lis e ]

.
, .

'
kze n l a i z ( r a r e ly ) k a n ze l n i z
’
- -
.
,

( h oa x ) k o n a zz d k a n a zz
’
ca n a r d n
’
. .
,

( b ir d ) k a n e z z i
'
ca n a r y n .
-
.

( d a n ce ) kae n k ae n
'
ca n ca n n .
-
.

ca n c e l v s t r ik e ou t
. ob l i t e r a t e [ p r e s e n t p a r t i c i p l e ca n c e lin g
, ,

j ye , c cu r e ; a t he , 9 t h in ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe
t Sc h e w ;
,

h oe v e r 1 r e a ct 0 f f
.

w w he n ; 1) s 1n y ; u w , , u ll on, ool , i i t , i i s e e ;
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t, 3 : d oor
, . s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e
;
7 4 DICTIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

ca n t a l ou p n m e l on [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , sp e lt ca n t a l ou e ,
. p
ca n t a l u pe , c a n t a l e u p ; s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e s ca n t e l ou , ca n p
t e l ou pe c a n
, t e l u e , c a n t e l e u p c a n t p
e l op ]
e
'
k ic n t a-l u
’
p , kz n t e ,
'
k k
’
l op ; ( als o) ae n t l -
u p, a n t l -
Op .

t , ( r ar e ly ) ka n
'
ca n t a t a n ( ch o ra l . c o m p o s i t i on ) k z n t a z- a

'
te e - ta .

'
C an tate n ( n i n e t y e ig h t h ps a l m ) ka n t oe -t i
-
. .

ts
’
k i k i
'
ca n t a t r i c e n a tn o-
t g ,s .a n t a t g i -
i .

h i i -b ox
[ al s o sp e lt ca n t i n e ]
’
ca n t e e n n su b t l e r
. s s o p; p r o v s o n

kw n t i in
’
.

can t h a r i d e s n p (l d r i e d S p a n i s.h li e
. s ) k ie n
’
s i -d i z f .

[ l i i ] k a —d i n
’
c a n t h a r i d i n n a l s o s p e t c a n t h. a r d n e a en z i .

ca n t i l e v e r n , a dj [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s ca n t a l iv er, ca n
. .

t il iv e r , c a n t a l e v e r , c a n t e l iv e r ] ka n t i l i i v az , kz n t i -l e vez
' ’
- -
.

ch a n t [ a l s o s p e l t ca n t il a t e ] kie n t i -l e t
’
ca n t i l l a t e v . .

c a n t o n di v is i on of a p oe m ; v oice pa r t [ pl ur a l ca n t os ]
'
.
-
ka n
to
ca n t on m m il it a ry q u a rt e r s [ sy n on y m ou s
en t n. cogn at e ca n

t oon m e n t ] k ae n t a n - m an t kae n t on m an t
' ’
.
,

ca n t r i p n s p e ll , ch a r m [ sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s
. can tr a p , ca n

tr i p e] '
kze n t gi p .

[ al s o ] ka u v as
’
ca n v a s n h e avy
. cl ot h s pe l t can v a ss .

ca n v a s v. c ov e r w it h ca n v a s [ a l so s p e lt c a n v ass ; p a s t pa r t i
’
ci p le and pre t e r i t ca n v a s e d , ca n v a s t ] ka n v as .

ca n v a s s v. e x a m in ; s olicit v ot e s [ als o , form e rly , s pe lt ca n

; p a st pa r t i ci p l e a nd
'
v as p re t e r i t c a n v ass e d, ca n v as t ] ka n
v os .

ca n y on n . d e e p g orge or r a v in e t h ru w h ich a st re a m ru n s
kaenj an ]
'
[a ls o sp e lt c a non , ca n n on , ca n on .

t u r t l e [ a ls o s pe lt c a o u an n e ] k a w a zu
’
c a ou a n e n . .

c a o u t ch i n n v ol a t il oil [ a l s o s p e lt c a ou tc hin e ; sy n onym ou s

.

cogn a t e c a ou t c h o u ci n ] k u u - t S
'
in .

’ '
ca ou t c h o u c n k ou t S-
uk k uu t S
-
.
’
u k , k a u-t S uk , .

c a o u t c h ou c i n n [ a l s o sp e lt ca ou t ch ou cin e ] kuu -t Su-s i n ,

.
’

ka u - t S s a m e m e a n i n g a s ca ou t c h in
'
u s rn -
. .

c a p -a -p i e a d v [ a ls o s p e lt c ap d pi e ] ka p a p i i
'
- -
. .

ca p e l i n n ( t h e .c a p l in a N e w f ou n d l a n d b a it - f i s h, )
’
k o
a p li n
i —
.

a
c p e l i n e n s k u ll -
c a p [ a l s o s p e lt
. ca p e l l in e c a ppe l in e ; sy n ,

on y m ou s cog n a t e c h a pe l in e ] k ze p i -l i n
’
.

a
c p e r c a i l y e n w o o d -
g r ou se [ a l s o s p e lt ca p e r ca i lz i e
. ca p er ,

ca i ll ie ] k aep az k e e l io
'
-
.

ca p i b a r a n r od e n t [ a l s o s p e lt c a p y b a r a ] k a p i b e z- z a , ke
’
.
pt .

’
ba z z o
-
.

l ye , C cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; 5 s h oe , t sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; 1) S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , on o ol , i i t , i i s e e
;
.

f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , s o g a t e ;
 DICTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S 75
’
h air ) ka p i -l e z i , ka p i l a-z i
’
ca p i l l a r y a dj . ( of .

c a p i t a l a dj ( c h i e f , .
p r i n c i p a l(;aenxtcer
e l i
l o
e r
n tly)
)
’
ka p i -t l
,

ka p i t l
'
.

ca p i t a l n ( t h e cit y or t ow n i n w h ich is t h e se a t of gov e r n

.

m e n t of a cou n t ry , s t at e , or p r ov in ce ; a ls o, a ca pit a l le tt e r )
’
ka p i -ti .

) k
'
-t l
c a p i t a l n ( w ea lt h , p r odu t v
. c i re s o u r c e s a p i .

ca p i t a l i z a t i o n n l
[ a s o sp t e l ca p i t a l is
. a t i on ] k ee p i t l
’
-i z e e o

S Son
'
a n k
, a p i t i-
a i z e e -
.

ca p i t a liz e v [ a so sp e
l l t ca p i.t a l ise]
'
k ae p i t l -a i z .

C a p i t o l n ( cit ad e l on t he t op of a hil l a s in a R om a n cit y

.
,

kaop i -t l
'
e d if is occ u p ie d b y C on gr e s s ; s t a t e -h ou s e ) .

’
C p ol i
a i t n e a jd ( of a R om a n C a p
. i t o l )
’
k a p i t l -a i n k a p i t l ,

sin .

) k p S le t
’
pitu lat e ( k l
’
ca a
v. p ci t u -
su rr e n d e r
e t a i t a -
, .

-m oz
c a p n om o r m ]
'
n o i ly l iq u i d [ a l s o . s p e l t k op n o o r k c N o .

ca p o n n ( ow l.
)
'
k e e -
p o f
n
’
k e e -
p an ( r a r e l y)
'
k a
e -
,p on , .

c a p on i z e v [ a l s o sp e l t c a. o n i s e ]
'
k e e - a-n a i z
p p .

ca p ou c h ( m k h d l [ m
’
n o b s ol e t e ) o
. n s o o o r c o w s y n on y ou s

cog n a t e s ca poc h ca u c h e ] k o p a n S k a p uu t S
’
,
’
p . .

( w him ; m u s ica l ca p r ic e ) k a pS i t S
’
c a p r i c ci o n . o .

c a p r i c ci o s o a d v ( i n m u sic i n a re e , a n t as t ic s t yle ) k a ps i
. , f f
'
tS
oo-s o .

p r i ce ( f re a k w h im ) ko ps ris
’
ca n .
, .

c a p r i c i o u s a dj ( fu ll of ca p rice ; h im s ical ) ka pe as
'
. w .

ca p rin e n. in b u t t e r
su b st a n ce ca p [ a l s o, som e t im e s , s pe lt
r in ] kae ps m , ka - ps e i n , k e e ps e i n
' ' ’
-
.

c a p r i ol e n ( ca p e r ; l e ap ) kaeps i ol , ( le ss o t en ) kc s i ool ,
.
’ ’
—
f
( y) i
’
r a r e l k e e -
p s -oi
.

c a p s i ci n n [ a l s o s p e l
. t c a p s ic i n e ]
'
ka p s i -
si n .

kaep s a i z , ( s om e t i m es a n t er ior ly ) km -s a i z
’
c a p si z e v
’
. , .

i i g d e v ice ) kae p s t n
'
ca p st a n n ( w n d n.
-
.

c a p su l e n ( m l
’
s a l. cas e ; s ac ) ka p s cu l
-
.

ca p t ain n ( h e ad , ch ie f ) ka pt i n ; ( p op u l ar ly ) kaep m
’ '
. .

c a p t i v e adj n v [ a ls o s p e l t capt iv ; as v e rb , p as t p a rt i c i pl e
., .
, .

a n d p r e t e r i t c a p t iv e d , ca pt iv d ]
'
k a pt i v .

C a p u ch i n n ( F i m n k) pc t s i n ,
’
k
’
r a n c sc a n . o ka pcu S ii ,
n ie o-

’
kte pcu Sin ke p cu t S i in ,
' '
-
, kee pcu - S in .

h e a d [ plu ral ca p i t a a n d , ra re ly , cap u ts ] k a p at ,

’
ca p u t n .

kae- pa t
'
.

ca r n ka zz ka z
.
( dia l ec ta lly ) k ea zz
, .

car ab in n ( ob s ol e t e ) m u s ke t e e r, ca rab in e e r [ syn on y m ou s

.

c og n a t e c a r b in e ] k a
'
e z a-b i n .

c: la w , fu r ,
a: a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u: a s k in k it e ;
h ot , or ,

le ng t h -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e s s -m a r k i nd i ca t e s c h 1e f st r e ss on t h e f ollow m g syl l ab l e .
76 DI CTIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

q u a d ru pe d m
'
ca r a ca l n .
( ) k z a-kie l .

ca r a ca r a ha w k , n . cogn a t e car ca r a ] carr a ncha [ sy n on y m ou s

ke z o ka z o, ka z o ka z-z o
’ ’
.

c a r a c k n s h ip [ a l s o spe lt carr a c k ] k zez ok

'
. .

ca r a c ol e n sp ir a l st airca s e ; ha l f -tu rn [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e

.

c a r a col ] k a z o- k ol
’
.

c a r a f e n w a t e r b ot t l e [ a l so sp e lt car a
-
. e ] k a z a zf
’
ff .

c a r a m e l n b u r n t su ga r [ a l s o s pe lt ca r a m e l ] kazz a m al
' ’
.
-
kaz a ,

m el
c a r a t n a t w e n t y f ou rt h p ar t [ a l s o s p e lt k ar a t ] kaez a t
’
-
. .

( com pa n y of t ra v e le rs on t he d e s e rt ; ca r t ) k a
’
ca r a v a n n .

z a-v a n , ka z a va n
’
.

ca r a v a n s a r y n in n f or ca rav a n s [ a l s o s pe l t c a r a v a n s er y
.

sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s car a v a n s er a i, ca r a v a n s er a ] kz z a vaen

’

se -c i .

kze z o v aen sa-z ai sam e

'
ca r a v a n s e r a i n. . me an i ng as c ar a
v a n s ar y .

ca r b ide n k b a i d ( b e or e of ) ka zz -b i d
.
’
a zz - , f ’
.

ca r b i n e n fir e a r m [ form e r s yn on y m ou s cogn a t e s car a b in e ,

.

ca rr a b in e , ca r a b in ] ka zz -b a i n ; ( l es s p r op er ly )
’
ku zz -b i n , kaz
’

' ’
b a i n , k a zz - bin .

ca r b on n ( l m )
'
k
’
e e . e n t a zz -
b o n k u z b on
z -
, .

ca r b u r e t e d v [ al s o s p e l t c ar b ur e t t e d ] k a ze -b j u-z e t i d
’
. .

c a r b u r e t or n [ a l s o s p e lt ca r b ur e t t e r ca r b u r e t or c a r b u r e t
.
, ,

t or ] ka zz -b j u -z e t oz
’
.

ca r b u r i z a t i o n [ a ls o spe lt ca r b u r is a t i on ] ka zz b j uz i z e e
'
n .
-

S , j S
’
o n k a zz -b a - z a i z e e - on .

car b u riz e v l l i k
'
[ a s o s p e t . c a r b u r s ]
e a zz -
b j u z ai z
-
.

( n e ck la ce ) ka z ko n at k a z k a n e t
' '
c a r ca n e t n .
-
,
-
.

c a r c a s s n d e a d b od y ; c orp se [ a l s o s p e lt ca r ca s e ] k az kas
’
. .

c a r d n k a zz d , ka zd ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) kca zz d
. .

ca r d a m i n e n ( k
’
h b d m
’
e r ) a z a
c. i -
n i k u zz -d
a -
m ai n , .

ca r d a m on ( e d l i ) k -d a - m a n
'
-
n s e c a p su . e s ; s p c e a z z .

ca d i n
r a l a j n (
d c h i e f )
'
k
., a zz -
d . n -
l ,
’
k a zz -
d i -
n al .

'
i i m ) k k
’
ca r e t n ( . n s e r t o n a r k a z e t , e :-—
z at .

i g [p l a g s]
'
c a r go n l a d . n l u r a ca g r o e s, c r o k a zz -
go .

C a r i b b e a n a d j of t h e C ar ib s or C a r ib b e e s [ a l s o s p e l t C ar
.

r i b b e a n ] kze z i b i i- on
’
.

C a r i b b e e n C a r ib [ a l s o s pe lt C a r i b e e C a rr ib b e e ] kaaz i b i ,
'
-
. ,

ka z 1 b i i
'
.

ca r i be n ( s ) f i h
.
'
k ze Z I -
bi .

] k
’
ca r i b ou n r e i n d e e r
. [ a l s o sp e l t ca r i b o o c a r r i b oo ae z i -
bu , ,

k aez i b uu
'
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
ye ,
w w h e n ; i) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f .

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 DICTI ONARY O F HARD W ORD S 77

k tS ke
’ '
ca r i c a t u r e n .
( r id icu l ou s r e p r e s e n t a t i on ) a z i k a -
uz ,

zi k a-t cuz ; ( l e ss r o e r ly ) kaez i k o t S p p

u zz ,
'
ka z i ka t cu zz
'
.

i ( d i ) z i i zz
’
c a r e s n s
. e as e k e z - -
.

i d i k
'
c a r l l o n n ( s e t o f .t u n e b e ll s ; a r ) a z i -
l on .

c a r l i n n old w om a n [ a l s o sp e lt ca r l in e ] k a zz -l i n
'
. .

ca r l i n e n ca r li n o, a coin [ a l s o s p e l t c a r l i n ] ka zz -l i n
’
. .

c a r l i n e n p la n t [ a ls o sp e lt ca r li n ] k a zz -l i n
'
. .

c a r l i n e n t i m b e r [ a ls o sp e lt ca r l i n ; s n on y m ou s cogn a t e c ar
. y
l i n g ] k a zz -l i n
’
.

c a r l i n g n ( t h e p e a s e a t e n on C a r l in g , C a rli n Su n d a y , or Pa s
.

s i on Su n d a y )
'
ka zz -l i i) .

c a r m a g n ol e n ( s on g a n d d a n ce ; s old ie r ; s t y l e ) k a z m a n j ool
’
. .

c a r m i n a t i v e a dj e x p e l li n g [ a ls o s p e l t c a r m i n a t iv ] k az m i
’
.

n a t i v ; ( l es s
-
r o e r ly )
’
p p
ka zz - m i -n e t i v .

carm in e n coc h i n e a l r e d
. [ a ls o, s om e t im e s s pe l t ca r m in ] ,
'
k u zz m i n , k a zz
-
'
-m
ai n ; ( l e s s r o e r l y) k a z
’
m a i n ,
’
k a zz p p
-m i n .

ca r n el ia n n re d c h a l ce d on y
. [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e c orn e
l i a n ] k a z n i i - l ion
’
.

c a r n i v or o u s a dj ( e a t i n g l e s h ) k a z
’
. n i v a -
z os f .

c a r ol v s in g
. [ p r e s e n t pa rt i C i pl e ca r ol i n g, car oll in g ; p ast
p a r t i C i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t ca r ol e d c or oll e d , ca r old ] kaez al
’
.
,

c a r ol e r n on e w h o ca r ol s [ a l s o s p e lt c a r ol l e r ] k a z a l az
’
-
. .

c a r o l i n n on e of s e v e ra l g old c oi n s ; ca r l in e [ a l s o s p e l t c a r o
.

l in e ] kae z a-l i n
’
.

C a r o l i n e a dj ( of C a r olu s or C h a rl e s ) kaez a- l a i n kae z a-l i n

' '
. .
,

C a r ol i n i a n a d j ( of C h a r le s t h e G r e at ; of Nor t h or Sou t h
.

C a r ol i n a ) k a z a l i n i a n
’
-
.

c a r om n v i n b i ll i a r d s [ a l s o s p e l t ca r r om ; a s v e r b , p a s t pa r
.

t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t ca r om e d c a r om d ] kz z om
'
, .

c a r ot i d n ( a r t e ry of t h e n e ck ) k a z ot i d
’
. .

c a r ou s a l n . f
( e a s t , n o i s y r e v e l ) k o z a u z al
'
-
.

c a r ou s e l n . f
or m e r ly , a t i l t i n g m a t c h [ a l s o in t h i s s e n se , -
,

s om e t i m e s s p e lt c a r ou s a l ] ; m e r ry g o r ou n d [ a ls o s pe l t i n - -
,

t h i s se n s e , ca r r ou s e l ] kae z u z e l , kine o- z al
’ '
.

a lg a [ a l s o s p e lt c a r r a g h e e n ] k a ez o g i i n , kaez a
’ ’
c a rr a geen n .

gi n .

in [ a ls o s pe lt c a rr a g e e n in e ] k i
’
ca rr a g een n . ze z a g i -
ni n .

( con v e y a n ce ) kzez i d 3
’
c a r r ia ge n. .

.c a r r i ol e s i n gl e s e a t e d op e n c a r r ia ge ;
n lig h t c ov e r d c a r t
-
.

k i n d of s l e d g e [ a l s o s pe l t car iol e ] ka z i- ol
’
c om pa r e c a rr y .

a ll .

( v e g e t a b l e ) s at
'
c a r r ot n . .

c a r t e b l a n ch e n ( b l a n k p a p e r ; fu ll p ow e r ) ka z t b l a a ka z t
’
.
,

c: law ,fu r
a: ,
a; c a t , 9 b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow 8 : a s k
h ot , or , , i n k it e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d is l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
i n d i ca t e s c h 1 e s t r e s s on t h e f o l low m gf s y l la b le .
78 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
b l on S k a z t b lae a ; ( a ls o) ka z t bl a zn t s ka z t b l on t S, k az t
' ' ’ ’
, ,
’
b lae zn t s .

c a r t e -d e -v i s i t e n s m a ll- s i z e d .
p h ot og r a ph [ pl ur al c a r t e s
d e-v is i t e ] k a zz t - d aV i Z i it
'
.

l ( i h ll m k
'
ca r t e n w . r t t e n c a e n g e o r a g r e e e n t ; t a b l e t) a z -
t el ,
'
k az t e l .

C a r t e s i a n a dj ( of R e n é De sca rt e s ) ka z t i i- 3 ou k a z t i i - z i-a n
' '
.
, .

C a r t h u s i a n n ( m on k ) ka z O cu u - 3 ou k az O cuu - z i- an
’ '
. , .

(g i l ) k l d i d3 i d3
' ' '
ca r t il a g e n r s t e. a z t i -
i 3 k a z t l -
ka t , , .

c a r t i l a g i n o u s a dj (g i
'
r s t l y) k
. a z t i l r d 3 n as
i -
.

ca r t r id ge , e t c [ a l so s p e lt ca r t ouc h ] k a z t uu S;
'
ca r t ou ch e n . .

( l e ss p r op e r ly ) kaz t uu t S
'
.

( e xplos iv ca s e ) k az t gi d 3 ; ( v u lga r ly ) ka t gi d3
'
ca r t r i d g e n
'
. .

i [ g ]
’
ca r u ca g e n p l o w n .
g
-
t a x a l s o s p e l t c a r r u c a e k a ez a -k
i d3

( l e ss p r o p e r ly)
’
k ae z j ki d3
u -
.

c a r u c a t e n l a n d - m e a su re ; a pl ow l a n d [ a l s o s pe l t ca r r u ca t e ]
.
-

'
ka z u -k e t , ( ra r e ly ) kae z j u - k e t
'
.

ca r u n cl e n f le shy e xcre s ce n ce [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e c c

.

ca r u n c u l e ] km-z A nk ol , ka z A nkol , k a z z A nk ol , ka
' ’ '
r u n c u l a, -

'
z A nkol .

ca r v e v cu t
. [ al s o sp e lt corv ; p a st p a rt i c i pl e a n d pr e t e r i t
carv e d, ca rv d ] k a zzv .

ca r y a t i d n fe m a l e hu m an figu re u s e d a s a c olu m n [p l ura l

.

ca r y a t i d s, ca r y a t id e s ] ka z i a
'
et i d .

ca r y a t i d s e n (p l u r a l o f . car y a t id ) k ae z 1 a e t diz
i -
.

i s a m e m e a n i n g a s k ar y o
’
ca y oc
r i n e s i s n k a z - -
o S i n
. i i -S i s
.

k in e s is .

i m i l k l b m i i d [ l l ] si m
’
ca s e n n . a u n o a s o s p e t c a s e i n e k e e - -
.

m ( m i i d m m on t
'
d h ) k
’
ca s e e n t n o l n
. g; w n o w -
s a s e e s a n t k e e z - -
, .

- i-
( of ch e e se ) k e e s a s ke e z i os k e e Sas
' '
c a s e o u s a dj
'
- - -
. , , .

n u t ; t r e e ; a l s o c a c h u [ a l s o s p e l t cas h oe ] k a S
’
ca s h e w n . , uu .

h pe r ) kae S
’
-k e e
ca s h i e r n ( c a s . i zz .

ca sh i e r v d is m is s ; d is c a r d [ p a s t pa rt i c i p l e a n d p re t e r i t
.

c as h i e r d ] kze S k o Si zz
’ ’
ca s h i er e d ,
i zz , .

ca sh m e r e n fin e w oole n fab r ic u s e d for d r e s s g oods [ a l s o

.
-

m m i m m ] k Sm i zz
’
sp e l t c a s h e e r , c a c h e r e cac h e e r e k
, a s h i r ae -
, ,

kze Sm i zz
'
.

ko S sa m e m e an i n g a s c a t e chu
'
ca sh oo n .uu . .

i n o l b -h
o c d g a m e [ a l s o i n t h e s e n s e of c ar d
-
ca s n c u . u s e ; a r ,

k i
’
g a m e ,s p e l t c a s s i n o ] e s r -n
o .

c a sk n .
( b u t t b a r r e l ) k, a z s k k a z s k , k ze z s k . .

ca sk e t n ch e st . coff i n et c, [ a l s o f or m e r l y , s pe lt c as q n e t ]
, .
,

k a z sk i t
’
-
.

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re . d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
h oe v e r 1 r e a ct 0 f fool
.

w w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w , , u ll on , , i i t , i i s ee ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t 0: d oor
, , , s o n o, e b ed , so g at e ;
 DI CTI ONARY O F HARD W ORD S 79

ca sq u e n .
( h e lm e t ; ga le a ) k a zsk , k a zsk , kae zs k .

ca s s a r e e p n . s a u ce [ a ls o s p e lt c as s a r i e ; sy n on y m ou s p cog

] k
’
nate c as s ir e e pe a
e sa -
z ip .

c a s s a v a n pla n t ; . f
l ou r [ a ls o, or m e r ly , s p e lt cas a v a ; sy n on f
y m o u s c o g n a t e c a s s a d a ] k o s a z -
v a ; ( l e s s r o e
’
r l y)
'
k a s o -
v a, p p
ko se e -v o, kaeso-v e
’ ’
.

c a s s e r ol e n (
'
) k z ol , kic sa z ool
’
s t e w -
p a n . ae s a-
.

c a ssi a n
'
( b k b k S, S , i ka S ja
'
h k i k
’
)
’
a.r ; t r e e ; e r ae a ee -
a a s -
a, .

c a s si m e r e n t w ild w ool e n c l ot h u s e d f or t r ou s e r s [ al s o
.

s p e l t c as i m ir e ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e k e r s e y m e r e ] kaB S i -m i zz
'
.

k
'
( b i d k
’
c a s s ow a r y n r ) ae sa -
. w e z i , ze s a -
w az i .

ca st v ( t h r ow , e t c ) k a zs t , ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) k as t ; ( als o) ka zst ,
. .

ka zs t .

( h l d i m i )
' ’
ca st a n et n s e l u .s e n u s c k a z-
s t a -
n e t , k a z-
s t a -n i t
,

k a : -s t a n e t
’
.

ca s t e n d iv isi on of s oci e t y [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , s p e l t cas t ] k a zst , f
k a zs t , kae zst .

c st el l an n . ff
o ice r of a ca s t l e [ sy n on ym ou s cogn a t e c as t e l
l a in ] kae s t o l a n , k a z-s t a-l a n
’ '
-
.

c r u e t ; s m a l l w h e e l [ a l s o s p e lt c as t or ] k a z s t az
’
ca s t e r n .
-
.

C a s t i l e a dj ( i n *
C a s t il e s oa ) k a s t i il , ka s t i il , ( s om e t i m es ,
.
’ ’
p
m
’
as s u p t iv l y) k ae -
s t il .

ca s t l e n ( o r
. t r e s s )f ’
k a z- al
s ,
'
kze sal .

- j f m o zf
’ ’
ca s t o f f a d k a zs t o z , ( a
. s s u p t i v l y) k a zs t -
.

m i
'
c a s t o r n ( b e a v
. e r ; c a s t o r e u ; c a s t o r t e ) k a z -
s t az .

i [ ]
'
c a s t o r n n s u b s t a n
. c e a l s o s p e l t c a s t o r i n e k ae s t o -
zi n .

ca s t o r i n o n c ot t on v e l v e t
-
. a b r ic [ a ls o s pe lt cas t or in ] f '
kz
s t a- z i n .

( ) k
ge l d e m a scu l a t e
'
ca s t r a t e v . ; ae -
s t ge t .

s in ge r [ p l u r a l c as tr a t i ] kazs t x
' ’
ca s t r a t o n . a z-t o, k a s t x a z-t o .

ca s u a l a dj ( c h a n c e ; . o r t u i t o u s )
'
k a e 3 u -
e l ,
’
f
k ae 3j u -al
,
’
k a e z i -
u - l
a .

ca su a l t y n ( h i d ) k k i
' ’
c a n c e ; a .cc e n t ae 3 u a l -
t i ,
a z -
u -
a l -
ti -
.

kae 3 j u i st
’
c a su i st n ( i i y)
'
o n e v e r
. s t n ca s u s t r k ae 3 u -
i st , -
.

c a su s b e l l i n ( o c c a s i o n o f w a .r ; e x c u se f o r w a r ) k e e -
sos
b eli
'
.

ca t a b a s i s d c t [p l s es ] k
’
n e s e n l u
. r a c a t a b a a t e
c h e -
Si s .

c a t a b ol i c adj [ a ls o s p e l t k a t a b ol ic ] kaet a b ol i k
'
. s .

c a t a b ol i s m n d i s in t e g r a t ion : t h e opp os i t of a n a b olis m [ a l

.

m ] l i z am
’
s o sp e l t k a t a b o l is k a ta b e -
.

c a t a ch r e s i s n m i su s e of w or d s [ p lu r al c a t a ch r es es ] kz t a
.

'
kS Ii - s rs .

kaet a ks e s t i k kae t a kS i i-st i k

’ ’
c a t a c h r e s t i c a dj . , .

c a t a cl a s m ( b r e a k d isr u pt ion ) ka t a k u e z a m
'
n . ,
-
.

c: la w , fu ra: , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f or , a n n ow , 8 : as k , or ki t e
h ot , oi
'

l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g

st re s s -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c hi e st r e ss on t h ef ol low i n g s y l la b l e f .
80 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
ca t a c l y s m n ( d e lu g e , l ood) kae t o- k a z a m
. f '
.

c a t a com b n ( b b i l l ) k -k
oom
’
s u t e r. r a n e a n u r a -
p a ce ie t o .

c a t a f a l q u e n c o i n -
s t a ge
. ff
[ a l s o s pe lt ca t afa lc, ca t afa l k ]
kmt a fae l k
'
-
.

al p y ( i )
’
c a t e s n s e z u r .e , t r a n c e k a t a -
l e ps i .

[ a l s o s pe lt ca t a l ogu e ] ka t o l og , kze t l og
’
c a t a l og n , v
'
- -
. . .

c a t a l o g e d a dj [ a l s o s p e l t ca t a l og u e d ca t a l og d ] ka t a-l ogd
’
. .
,

[ l ]
’
c a t a l og e r n a l s o s.
p e t ca t a l o g u e r k ze t a -
l ogaz .

[ l i g]
'
ca t a l og i n g n a l s o s p e. t c a t a l o g u n k ze t a -
l og i q .

ca t a l p a n
’
( t r e e ) k a t a l pa
. .

c a t a l y s i s n d e c om p os it i on [ p l u r a l ca t a lys e s ] k a t a l i - S i s
’
. .

ca t a m a r a n n . f
(' r a t ; cra f t w it h t w in hu l ls ) ka t a m a z aen ,
’

kz t om o-z ie n , ka t zc m a z on
'
-
.

ca t a p a n n ( yB . z a n t i i i o i c i a l ) k a e t o
’
p a e n ff
,
'
k a t o -
pae n .

c a t a p h or a n ( le t h a r gy ) k a t a a z a
.
'
f -
.

ca t a r a ct n ( w a. t e r a l l ; o p a c i t y o f f e y e -
l e n s )
’
k a e t a -
z aek t .

ca t a r r h n . f
( in l a m m a t i on of m u c ou s m e m b r a n e ) ka t a zz
'
.

c a t a r r h a l a dj ( f ) k
’
o c a t a r r. h a t o z -
z al .

c a t a r r h i n e a dj of t h e a p e s ca lle d C a t a r r h i n a [ a l so s pe l t c d
.

t ar h in e ] kae t a -z a i n , ka t a- z i n
’ ’
.

ca t a s t a s i s n a se t ti ng . f
ort h ; n a r r at iv [ pl u r a l c a t as tas e s ]
’
k a t a s t o- s rs .

c a t a s t r op h e n ( l i d i ) k g fi
’
c o n c u s o n .
; s a s t e r a t a s t a -
.

C a t a w b a n ( gra p e ) k a t e z-b o
’
. .

c a t ch v , n . ke t S; ( v u lg a r l y or di a l e c t a l ly ) k e t S
. .

c a t ch u p n
'
kz t S . op sa m e m e a n i n g a s k e t c h u. p .

c a t e c h e t i c a dj ( of ca t e ch is m ) kze t i k e t i k
’
. .

ca t e ch i s e n d i a l e c t a l ( ca t e c h e s is , ca t e ch is m ) k a t i - k i z
'
. .

c a t e ch i s m n ( r e l igi ou s t e xt b ook ; b ook or cou r s e of q u e st i on s

.

a n d a n sw e r s ) kaet i - k i z am
’
.

c a t e ch i z a t i on [ a l s o sp e lt ca t ec his a tion ] kaet i k i z e e -Sa n ,

’
n .

ka t i - k a i z e e - S
'
an .

c a t e c h i z e v in st r uct b y q u e st i on s [ a l s o s p e l t c a t e c h is e ]
'
. ka
t i - ka i z .

c a t e ch u [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e c as h oo] ka t i -t S
'
n e xt r a ct
. u ,

ka t i - S
'
u .

c a t e ch u m e n n ( n e o p h t e ) . k a t i
’
t S u u -
m ya n , k ze t i
’
k c u u -
m on .

ca t e g or e m n (p
'
di ) k m g z em
’
r e c a t. e e t c a t i g o -
z e , , k o t e. a -
.

c a t e g o r i c a l a dj ( f i i ) k
’
o c a t e g o r . e s ; p r e c s e a t i g o z i -
ks l .

c a t e g or i z a t i on [ a l so s p e lt c a t egor is a t ion ] ka t i - goz i z e e

'
n .

Son
’
S ,
o n k af t i -
go z a i z e e - -
.

ca t e g o r i z e v ( c l a s s i .
)
’
k ze t i o -
g z ai z fy -
.

i l k
’
c t
a e go y n (
r n o t o n c a s s ) ae t goz i
-
. i , .

j ye , c cu re : a t h e . 9 t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe
t sc h e w ;
,

0 f u ll on f
.

w w he n : I) s 1n y ; u w h oe v e r i r e a ct , . , ool , i i t , i i s e e ;
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t , 0: d oor ,
, s o n o, e b e d , e e g a t e ;
82 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
'
ca u s e w ay n .
[ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e c a u s ey ] k czz -w e e.
kcz-z e s a m e m e a n i n g as ca us ew a y
'
k
’
ca u s e y n i, . c z-z . .

c a u t e r i z a t i on [ a ls o sp e lt ca u t er is a t i on ] kcz t oz i z e e -S
’
n .
-
on .
k a :- t a-z a i z e e - S
’
an .

[ ] k
’
ca u t e r i z e v a l s o s p e l t c a u t
. e r is e cz -
t a -z e i z
.

-z i
s a m e m e a n i n g a s k az i
’
c a u z e e n k c z . . .

’
ca v al ca d e n ( com pa n y on h orseb a ck ) ka v al k e e d ; ( less
.

p r op er ly ) kz v al -ke d
’
.

ca v a l ie r [ a l s o s pe lt ca va l i er o] ka v a l i z-z o
’
ca v a l e r o n . .

( h ors e m a n ; b e a u ) ka v a l i zz
'
ca v a l i e r n . .

ca v a l l y n f is h [ a lso spe lt cavalli plur al ca vallie s, cavallis ]

.

'
ka v a l i .

ca v a ss n s e e ka v as s . .

m m d i ti i a
’ ’
ca v a t i n a n (s pi l e e l o y,. a r ) k a v a t i i-
n o, k a v a -n
.

d i i m [p l ] k i
'
c a v e a n c a g ;
e a
. u t o r u u r a l c a v e a e e e -
v -
a .

( n ot ice ; w a r n in g ) ke e v i at ; ( less pr op er ly ) kz
’ ’
ca v e a t n .
- -

v i- aet .

c a v e l n a l ot t ha t i s ca s t ; a n a ll ot m e n t [ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e
.

cav il, k e v e l, ke v il ] kae v al

’
.

c a v e s s on n n os e - b a n d [ a l s o . f or m e rly , s pe lt cav e s on ; for ,

m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s ca v a s on , cav ez on , cau ss on ] kz '

V i s an .

ca v i a r n . f is h -r oe [ a lso sp e l t c a v ia r e ] k av i
’
a zz , k av j a zz ke v i
'
,

kze v i-a z , k a v i e zz , kw v j e zz , ka V i zz
’ ' ' ’ ’
a zz , .

ca v i l v fin d f au lt ; ca rp [ pr e s e n t pa rt i ci ple cav iling, cavil

.

l in g ; p ast p a rt i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t c av il e d, c a v il l e d, cav il d ]
’
kze v fl .

c a v i l e r n on e w h o ca v il s [ a l s o s p e l t ca v il l er ] ka v i -l ez
’
. .

’
c a v or t v ( pr a n ce a b ou t ) ka v ozz t
. .

m -v m
'
ca v u n h o l l o w ; c a
. v it y [p l u r a l c a v a ] k e e a .

ca y n ke e ki i . sa m e m e an i n g a s ke y
, . .

C a y e n n e a d j k e e n , k a i e n , ( s om e t im es, a ss u mpt iv ly ) k e e - e n ,
’ ’ '
.

k a i- e n
’
.

ca y m a n n a l l iga t or [ al s o spe lt ca i ma n , k ay ma n , k a i m an '

m -m
]
'
p l u ra l c a y a n s k e e an .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s ca c iq u e
'
ca z i q u e n k a z i ik . . .

c e a s e v s t op , e n d [ p ast p a r t i c mle a n d p r e t e r i t c e as e d, ce o
.

sn s .

ce ci l s n .
pl ( h a s h t m e a t )
.
'
s e s rl z , S
Si i- i lz
'
.

b lin d n e s s [ al so s pe lt ] Si i s i
’
c oe c i ty
’
c e ci t y n. - - ti , s e sr—t
ce cu m n . see ca e c u m .

s ri-d az
’
ce d a r n .
( t re e ; w ood ) .

ce d e v .
( yi e ld ) Si id .

i ye c cu t e ; a t he 9 t hi n ; 3 az u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t S
'

, ,

w w h e n ; i) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , u fu l
.

ou fool , r it ,
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , oz d oor , s o n o, e b e d, e
 DI C TI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 83
'

'
ce d er n ( on e w h o ce d e s ) s i i d s z
.
-
.

ce dil l a n ( l i t t l e 2 : a.m a r k p l a c e d u n d e r t h e l e t t e r c t o i a

d ica t e t h a t t h e c h a s t he s ou n d of s ) s x d i l s
’
.

c e d r i n n e x t r a ct .
-
f
r om ce d r on s e e d s [ a ls o sp e l t c e d r i n e ]
'
si i

d ri n .

of t h e ce d a r [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , sp e lt ce dr i n ] s i i
’
c e d r i n e a dj .

d ri n , Si i -d t a i n ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) s e d t i n
' '
.

c e i l v ov e r la y a s w it h pl a s t e r or w ood [ a l s o s p e lt c i e l ; p a s t
. ,

p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t ce i l e d , ce i l d ] s i il .

ce i l in g n p la s t e r in g a t t h e t op of a r oom , e t c [ a l s o sp e lt
. .

c ie li n g ] s i i -l i i)
'
.

ce l a n di n e n p l a n t [ f or m e r s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s ce le n d in e
.
,

]
'
l
ce a d i n e, s a l a n di n e, s a l a d i n e se l o n -
da i n .

co l a n t e s n ( m o od o .f t h e f i rs t f i gu r e o f s y l l o i m
g s ) s i
’
l z
e n -
t iz .

( m ood of t h e fi r st figu r e of sy llogi s m ) s i l e

’
cel a r e n t n .

z ont .
l
ce e b [ so spe t e
l b ] s e b z e t az
’
r a to r n a l c l e
. r a t er l i -
.

i i i h ) s z iz
'
ce l e r s n p
e l (p t c a
a
. r n .k n g t s e l i -
.

c e l e r y n p l a n t [ a l s o f or m e r l y s pe lt s e l l e r i ] se l a -z i ( r a p id ly )
’
.
, , ,
'
se l z i .

a dj
'
ce l e st i a l ( of t h e s ky ; h e av e n ly ) s i l e st Sal , s i l e St Sal ,
’
.

S i l e s t i -a l
'
.

C e l e s t i n e n f oll ow e r of C a e l e s t iu s [ a l so s om e t im e s , s pe lt
. ,

C e l e s t in ] se l s s t i n s e l a s t s i n s x l e s t i n
’ ’ '
- -
, .
,

ce l e st i t e n ( m i n e r a l
.
)
’
se l a s t a i t i
’
l e st a i t
- -
, S .

c c l i a c a dj of t h e b e lly ; a l s o c oe l ia n [ a l so s p e l t c oe l ia c ] s i i
'
. ,

li a h
-
.

cel i b a cy n ( s i n g l e l.i f e ; u n m a rr i e d s t a t e
’
) s e i b a s r ; ( l e ss
l -

p r op er ly ) s i l i b a S i
'
-
.

cel l n .
( s ma ll a pa rt m e n t ; r e l igi ous h ou se ; s t ru ct u ra l e le m e n t
of or ga n is m s ; b a t t e ry j a r ) s e l -
.

c cl l a n c e n t r a l r oom of a t e m pl e ; ce ll [ p lu ra l ce l la e ]
’
. s e la .

’
ce ll a r n ( r oom u n d e r a h ou s e ) s e l ae
. .

c e ll o it V iol on ce llo [ a ls o s pe l t ce ll o] t Se l o
.
’ ’
.

’
ce l l u la r n ( of c e ll s ) s e l iu l oz
.
-
.

c e ll u l o i d n i m i i
’
( i t a t o n
. v o ry e t c ) s e l i u -
loi d , . .

c e ll u l o s e n ( su b s ta n ce of ce ll w a lls ) se lio l os s e l i u l oos

’ ’
- -
. .
,

C e l t n [ s y n o n y m ou s cog n a t e Ke l t ] s e l t ( ra r e ly ) ke l t
.
, .

ce l t n ( i m pl e m e n t ) s e l t
. .

C e l t i c a dj [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e Ke l t ic ] s e l t i k
'
. .

cc m b a l o n m
'
( d u l c i e .r ) s e m b a -l o .

ce m e n t n ( i d i g s u b s t a n c e ; a d h e s i v ) S i m e n t , se m an t
'
b
’
n n
.
-
.

ce m e n t v ( u n i t e b y c e m e n t ; c oh e r e ) s r m e n t
’
. .

c: l aw fur
, a: ,
a c at , 9 b oy ; a : f or , on n ow u : as k, or k it e ;
h ot , or ,

le n gt h m a r k
-
i n d i ca t e s t ha t t h e p re ce d i n sou n d i s l on g ;
st r ess m ar k
- i n d i ca t e s c hi e st r e ss on th e f
oll ow i ng sy lla b le .
8 4 DICTI O N ARY O F HARD W O RD S
ce m e t e r y [p m ] m m
' '
lnu r.a l ce e t e r ie s s e i -
t e z i ; ( a l s o ) s e i t a -Z
i,

( a n t e r i or ly)
’
s e m i -
t a z ; (
i r a i d l y)
'
s e m i -
t si , se m i t gi
’
p .

b [ ] i
' ’
c e n o i t e n a l s.o s p e l t c oe n o b i t e se n o -
b s i t , S i -
n a -
b ai t .

m m
'
c e n ot a p h n ( e p y
.t t o b ) s e n o -
t s zf .

C e n oz o i c a d j sin a z oo- i k s a m e m e a n i n g a s C a e n oz oic

’
. . .

cen se v . f
( p e r u m e w it h in ce n se ) s e n t s , ( i n B r i t a in ) se n s .

( v e s se l i n w h ich i n ce n s e i s b u r n t ) se n t saz , s e n soz

’ '
c e n s or n . .

( m a g is t r a t e ) s e n t soz , s e n se z
’ ’
c e n s or n . .

( h ost il c r it icis m ) s e n t Ss z , se n Soz , s e n scaz

' ’ ’
ce n s u r e n . .

cen t n ( coin ) s e n t
. .

ce n t a u r n ( m y t hic m on s t e r , h a l
. f man and h al f h ors e ) '
se n
t c:z .

j
’
( of a h u n d r e d ) s e n t i
ad ( a ls o)
'
ce n t en a ry .
-
nez i ; se n t i na

m az i ; ( a l s o i n
’ '
zi , ( a ss u pt i v ly ) s e n t i n -
, B r it a in ) s e n ti i- n e f z i ,
’
se n t e n o-z i .

cen t e n i e r n ( p ol ice o ice r ) s e n t i - n i ze

.
-
ff ’
.

c e n t e n n i a l a dj ( of a h u n d r e d y e a r s ) s e n t e n i ol
’
-
. .

ce n t e r n , v [ a l s o s p e lt ce n tr e ; a s v e r b , p a s t pa rt i ci p l e a n d
. .

p r e t e r i t c e n t e r e d c e n t r e d ce n t e r d ] s e n t s e
’
.
, ,

ce n t e r i n g n [ a l s o s p e lt c e n t r e in g a n d , s om e t im e s , c e n t r in g ]
.

' '
s e n t s -z i n, s e n t gi n .

t e s i m a l a dj n ( h u n d r e d t h ) s e n t e s x- m s l
’
ce n .
, . .

ce n t e si m o n h d i m
’
( d h f l )
’
u n. r e t o a r a s e n t e S i -
o t Se n t e s i -
mo , .

c e n t i g r a d e a dj ( gr a d u a t e d i n t o a hu n d r e d e q u a l p a rt s ) s e n
'
.

t i - gz e e d .

ce n t i g r a m n hu n d re d t h of a gra m [ a l s o s p e lt ce n t igr a m m e ]
.

s e n t i gz a m
’
-
.

ce n t i l i t e r n [ a l s o
. s p e l t ce n t i l i t r e ]
’
s e n t i -
l i i -
t s z ; ( im r o e r p p
’
ly ) s e t n i l i -
t az .

ce n t im e n ( hu n d re d t h p ar t of a r a n c ) s on t im s on t i i m
.
'
-
’
f , .

ce n t i m e t e r [ a l s o s p e l t c e n t i m e t r e ] s e n t i - m i i-ta z ; ( i m
'
n .

p pr o e r l y ) s e n t i m i t az
’
-
.

ce n t ip ede n m a n
.
-l e
y
gge d a r t h r op od [ sy non y m ou s c ogn a t e .

c e n t ipe d ] s e n t i p id
’
-
.

c e n t r a l e n b on e [ p l u ra l ce n t r a l ia ] s e n t ge e l i
’
-
. .

c e n t r a l i z a t i on [ a l s o s pe l t ce n t r a l is a t i on ] s e n t gal i z e e
'
n .

Sa s e g l s i z e e Ss n
'
n , n t a - -
.

[ a l s o s p e l t ce n tr ol is e ] s e n t iga l a i z
’
ce n t r a l i z e v .
-
.

cen t ri f u g a l a dj ( l e e i n g r o . m t h e f c e n t e r ) s ef n
’
t i f
g c g alo -
,

( a ss u m pt iv ly ) s e n t gi f eu g s l
’
.

c e n t r i p e t a l a dj ( s e e k i n g t h.e c e n t e r ) s e n
’
t g p t l , ( as s u m p
i i -

t iv ly ) s e n t gi p i t l
'
.

ce n t s n ( p l u r a l of c e n t ) s e n t s
. .

j ye , 9 cu r e ; a t h e , 8 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
f fool
.

w he n
w ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou , i it , i i se e ;
o poet i c ; o ov e r , e a eri al, A b ut , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d, ee gat e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 85

cen t u m v i r n on e of a b ody of ab ou t a h u n d re d R oma n

.

j u d g e s [ p lura l ce n t u m vir s, ce n t u m v ir i ] s e n t A m v az
’
.

ce n t u m v i r a t e n se n t A m v a -z e t
’
. .

c e n t u p l e a dj ( a h u n d r e d -
o l d.
)
'
se n t c p al
u -
f .

c e n t u r i on n ( c o m m a n d e r o
. f a c e n t u r y) s e n
’
t c u z -
z i-an .

( h d l di h d d ) S zi ,
'
cen t u ry n a u n r e d. s o e r s ; a u n r e y e a rs s e n t a -

( a n t e r i or ly)
’
se n t S ; (
o z i r a i d ly)
'
s e n t S ; (
s r o l d e r )p ’
s e n t e
c z- i .

c e or l n ( churl ) kce zz l , t Se zz l
. .

c e p h a l i c a dj ( o f t h e h e a d ).
’
s e a -
l i k ; ( e r r o n e ou s ly ) f
'
k i fae l i k .

c e p h a l op o d n ( h e a d -
t e n t a c l e d a
. n i m a l )
’
se a l a -
p o d , s f f a
e l s f
p od .

ce p h a l o u s a dj ( a i
'
h v n g a h e ad ) . f
s e s l os
-
.

i ( i '
)
'
c e r a n n c o n s t t u e.n t o f b e e sw a x s n -z e i n
-
, s r: -z o-l n
.

c e r a m i c a dj [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e ke r a mic ] s x z aem i k

’
. .

c e r a s n a h or n , or t h e l ik e [ p l u r a l c er a t a ] s e z as
'
. .

’
( i m )
'
ce r a t e n o n t e n .t S i z-
z e t , S i z z t
- s
.

c e r a t e a dj h
( a i )
’
v n g a .c e r e ; c e r e d S i z -
z et .

h orn si lv e r [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e kar a t e ] s e z e t

’
ce r a t e n -
. .

ce r a t in n h orn -s u b s t a n ce [ a ls o s p e l t c e r a t in e ; sy n on y m ou s
.

'
c og n a t e s k e r a t in , k e r a t in e ] s e z a - t i n .

ce r a t i n a n m
'
( h u -
p l a t e .) s r z ac t i -
ne .

c e r a t o d e n h orn -l ik e s ke l e t a l su b s t an ce of s pon g e s [ sy n on y
.

m ou s cogn a t e k e r a t od e ] se z a-t od
'
.

c e r a t oh y a l a dj , n s e z o- t o h s i- al
’
. . .

c e r a t o i d a dj h orn -l ik e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e k er a t oi d ] s e z e
'
.

t ord .

ce r a t om e n . corn e a -cu tt e r [ sy n ony m ou s cogn a t e ke r a t o m e ]

s e z a -t om.
'

ad j h or ny [ sy n on y m ou s
’
c e r a t os e . cogn a t e k e r a t os e ] se z s
t os .

ce r cu s n . r ear fe e l e r ; b r is t l e [ p l u r a l c e rci ]
’
s s z ka s .

ce r e n( w a x ) S i zz
.
, v . .

c e r e a l a dj ( of e dib l e s n -z i-a l
'
. grain ) .

ce r e b el l u m n. t he lit t l e b r a i n ; t h e h in d -b ra i n [ pl ura l c er e

b e l l a ] s e z i b e l am
’
.

c e r e b r a l a dj ( o f t h e b r a i n )
’
.s oz i -
b z a l ; ( l e ss p r op e rly ) ’
si z i i
b z al .

c e r e b r i c a dj ( cer e b ra l ) s e e r b z i k , S i z e b z i k , i- b z 1 k
’ ’ ’
.
-
s xz i .

c e r e b r o s p i n a l a dj o f t h e b ra i n a n d sp in a l . cor d [ a l s o sp el t

ce r e b r o- s p in a l ] s e z i b z o s p s i - n l
’
-
.

ce r eb r u m b r a i n ; p r os e n ce ph a l on [ pl u ra l '
n . c er e b r a ] se z i
b z om ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) S i z i i- b z am
’
.

c: l aw , fu r ,
a: ao ca t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f or , on n ow , u: a sk , an kit e ;
or
l e n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

s t r e ss- ma r k i n d i ca t e s chie f st r e s s on t h e f oll ow m g syllab l e .

86 DI C TION ARY O F HARD WORD S
ce r e m e n ( g ra v e cl ot h ) s n z - m on t
'
t n . w a xt -
.

c e r e m on i a l j m
’
o oad-
u i -
al
., n. se z i .

c e r e m on y n [ p l u ra l ce r e m on i es ] s e z x-m on i , se z i m o-n l
’ '
. .

i
’
ce eo s a j
r u d ( w a x e n ) s n.
-
z -
es .

’
- i-
c e r e u s n ( c a c t.u s ) s n z as .

ce r g e n s s zz d 3. s e e u n d e r ci er ge . .

j ( i )
'
ce r i c a d o f c e r
. u m s i z - ik
z .

ce r i n n w a x y su b st a n ce f r om cork ; im pu re ce r ot i c aci d f r om
.

b e e sw a x [ a l s o sp e lt ce r in e ] S i z-z i n
'
.

or e of ce ri u m [ a l s o sp e l t c er in ]
’
ce r i n e n . s n -z i n .

ce r i p h n se e s e r i . f .

c e r i s e a dj , n ( ch e rry re d ) sa z i iz
’
. . .

c e r om a n ( w a x s a .l v e ; c e r e ) S i
’
z a o -m
a .

c e r os i n n w a x ike s u b st a n ce [ a l s o sp e l t c e r os in e ]
-l
s n -z o-s m
’
.
.

c e r t a i n a dj ( f i x t ; s u r e .
)
’
s s z t n
’
s s z t i n ; ( d i a l e c t a l l y)
'
s,a z t -
n .

' '
c e r t a i n l y a dv s az t n l i s s z t i n l i ; ( di a le c t a lly )
'
-
.
-
, s ae t n l i -
.

c e r t i o r a r i n ( w ri t ) s s z S
'
a z e :- z s i
. .

c e r u l e a n a dj s ky -b l u e [ l l ] i
'
a s o . s p e t c a e r u l e a n S i z u u -
l -
on .

c e r u l e i n n b lu e su b st a n ce [ sy n on ym ou s cog n a t e c e r u l in ] s i
.

z uu -l i - i n
'
.

lm
’
c e r u l i n n s n -e
u -
. sa m e m e a n i n g a s c e r u l e in . .

ce r u m e n n (
'
-m
e a r -
w a x ) .S i z u u an .

)
’
i
’
ce r u se n ( w h t. e l e a d s r : -z u s
, s r z uu s .

[ l ]
'
ceru si t e n a l s o s p e t
. c e r u ss i t e s e z o -
ss i t .

i - v -k
c e r v i c a l a dj (
'
o f t h e c e rv . x o r n e c k ) s e zz i a l , s o z
’
v a i -
kol .

c e r v i n e a dj ( f h d ) m
’ ’
o t e e e. r sa z e -
v s s z z -
vsi n , .

ce r v i x n n e ck [ pl u r a l ce rv ices ] s s zz -V i ks
’
. etc , . .

i i )
’
cc yr l n ( ra d. ca l n b e e s w a x S i z -
zil .

ce sa r e n ( m o o d
. o f t h e s e c o n d f i g u r e o f s y l l o g i s m )
’
S i i-z
o -
ci .

C e s a r e a n a dj s e e C a e s ar e an . .

c e s p i t o s e a dj t u r fy ; m a t t e d [ a l s o s pe lt c a e s p i t os e ] s c ep i
.

m
'
( ss
'
t o o s a , u p t i v l y) s e s p t os
i -
.

’
ce s t
s a i o n n ( a c e a s i n g; . s t o p) se s e e -
Son .

i
'
c e s s a v i t n ( w r t ) s e . s e e -
vit .

ce ss i b l e a d j o b s o l e t e ( y i e
. l d i n g)
'
s e s a -b o
l .

( a ct of ce d in g ) s e Son
'
c e s s i on n . .

c e s s p o ol n ( d ra i n -
c i s
. t e r n )
’
s e s -
p uu l .

[ u r a l ce s ti ]
’
ce st u s n g i r d l e
. p l s e st a s .

c e s t u s n b oxi n g gl ov e [ a l s o s p e l t ca e s t u s ; pl ura l c es tu s ] s e
- ’
.

st os .

c e su r a n m ade b y t he
. cu t e n d in g of a w or d w it hin a foot
[ al s o sp e lt c a es u r a ; pl u r al ]
’
ce s u r a s , c a es u r a e S i scuz-z s , SI

i
’ ’
z a z-z s , S i 3 u z-
z9 .

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t hin ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe t S h e w ;
ye , c
w w h e n ; i ] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , a u ll , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e
; f f
c poe tic ; a ov e r, e ae rial , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DI C TI ONARY O F HARD W O RD S 87

C et a ce a ( h n
a l e s )
.
pli t e e -
s i s iw t e e -
S i -s
S ’
-
, S ’
.

c tac a
e e n d
a j ( o f t h e C e t e o r. w h a l e s ) S i
’
t e e -
S on .

ce t e n ( w ha l e ) S i it
. .

ce t e n obs ol e t e ( a com p a n y of b a d g e rs ) S i it
. .

C e t e n pl ( w h a l e s , d ol p hin s , e t c ) S i i- t i
'
. . . .

c e t e r ac h n ( s ca ly e rn ;. m i l t w a s t e )
’
s e t a -
f
ze k .

( of t h e w h a l e ) S i i t i k
’
c e t i c adj .
-
.

] i i
' ’
ce t i n e n . m m
[ a l s o, s o e t i e s , s p e t ce l t i n S i -
t n , s i t ai n
i -
.

’
cet r a r a t e n s r t ge e -z e t . .

( of cit r aria or Ice l a n d ' m os s ) s r ’t gae z i k

’
c e t r a r i c a dj . .

i
’
ce t r a r i n n [ a l s o s p e l t .c e t r a r i n e ] s r t g e z-
z i n , se t gs -z i n
, S i

tg z i n
a -
.

s p e t c e ty e ] i
'
ce t yl n . r a d ica l [ a l s o l l S i -
til .

c e y l on i t e n [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s c e y l on i t e , z ey l a n i t e ] s r
.

'
l on a i t , s xl o n s i t S i i-l o- n a i t
' ’
- -
.
,

h b zit e s a m e m e a n i n g a s ch a b
‘
’ '
c a a n k ae b a -z
e t,i . k ae b ss i t
a -
.

az it e .

ch a b a z i t e n
’
m in e ra l [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e c ha b as i t e ] kae
.

bO -Z fl l t
‘
.

C h a b l i s n ( w in e ) S a b l i i, S
’ ’
. ae b l i i .

ch a f f n (g ra . i n -h u s k
s) t S s :f, t S a zf , t S e zf .

s, S
' ’
ch a f f i n ch n i ) S f S, S f i n S
’
( b r d t a f -
f
. i n t t a i n t t a z -
.

ch a g r i n n ( v e xa t i on ; m ort i icat ion ) Sa gz i n , Ss gz i i n

.
’ ’
f .

ch a i r n ( s e a t ) t Se zz
. .

ch a i s e n ( v e h icl e ) e e z
. S .

c h a l a z a n t r e a d of a n e gg , e t c [ pl u ra l c h ol oz a e ] k s l e e - z o
'
. . .

c h a l c e d on i c a dj of c h a l ce d on y [ a l s o s p e lt c a l c e d on ic ] ka l
.

’
S i d on i k .

c h a l c e d on y n [ a l s o s p e lt c a l c e d on y ] kael s e d o mi
’
ka l Si d e - u i
'
-
. , .

C h a l d e a n a dj of C h a ld e a [ a ls o s p e lt C h a l d a e a n ] kael d i i- s n
'
. .

C h a l d e a a dj , n ( C h a ld e a n ) ka l di , kw l d i i
’ ’
-
. . .

c h a l d r on n ( m e a su re ) t Sc zl drs n , t Sa zl d rs n , t Sa ld rs n
’ ’ ’
- -
. .

ch a l e t n ( cott a g e ) o l e e , ae l e e , Sw l e
.
’ ' ’
S S .

ch a l i ce n cu p [ a l s o s p e lt c h a l is ] tS
'
. a li s .

ch a l i l n ( a n cie n t He b re w m u s ical i n st ru m e n t ) ha l ril

’
. .

ch a l k n ( s o t . w h i f
t e l im e s t on e ) t S c zk .

ch a l l e n g e n , v tS
’
ael i n d 3 . . .

ch a l l is n . f
a b r i c [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , sp e l t c h a lly ]
’
a li ,
’
tSael i s S .

c om p a r e s h a l l i .

C h a l y b e a n a dj ( of t h e C h a l y b e s ) k o l i b i s n ka l i b i i-s n
’ '
-
. .
,

c h a l y b e a t e a dj m
'
i
( p g r e n a t e d w i t.h i r o n ) k o l i b i -e
t .

ch a m b r a n l e n ( t O p p ie ce of a d oor w a y e t c ) Sa m b z a n l
’
-
. . .
,

c h a m e l e o n n r e p t i l [ a l s o s p e
. l t c h o m a e l e o n ] k s
’
m i i -
l i - n
a .

c: law , f ur
a: , ao c a t , 0 h ot , oi b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow , a: a sk , an kit e ;
le n gt h -m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss -m
ar k in di ca t e s ch 1e f st re ss on t he f ollow m g syl la bl e .
88 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
ch a m f e r n , v b e v e l [ a s v e rb p as t p a rt i ci pl e a n d p r e t e r i t
.
,

f
c h a m e r e d , c ha m f er d ]
’
tSs az .

c h a m oi s n a n t e l op e ; s of t le a t h e r [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e l t
. es ,

p e cia lly i n t h e s e n s e of l e a t h e r s h a m oy, s h a m my ]

'
Sa m i , ,

S m w o, Sae m w a Sae m oi Sze m oi

' ' ' ’
- -
e -
, , .

c h a m om i l e n s e e c a m om i l e . .

c h a m p v b it e , ch e w . [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e c h om p ; p s st pa r
t i C I pl e a n d p r e t e r i t c h a m p e d, c h a mpt ] t S acm p .

c h a m p a g n e n w i n e [ a l s o f or m e rly , s p e l t ch a m p a ig n e , c h a m
.
,

pa ign ] S a m pe e n
’
.

c h a m p a i g n n , adj ( fl at op e n cou n t ry ) S a m ps on ; ( or m er ly )
.
’
. f
aem p e e n
’
tS .

ch a m p a k n t r e e [ al s o s pe l t c h a m p a c ] t S a m pa k , tS a m p ok ,
’ ’
-
.

tS
’
A m -pA k .

c h a m p i g n on n m u s h r oom [ a l s o sp e l t c h a m pin i on ] S a m p i
.
’

u j an tSom p i n i- on
’
.
,

C h a m p l a i n a dj ( p a rt of t h e Pa l e oz oic s e r ie s ) S
’
. z m p ne e n .

ch a n ce n ( f o r
. t u n e , f o r t u it y e t c ) t Ss zn s t S
a zn s , t S
a zn s ; ( a l s o) , .
,

tSa zn t s , etc .

tS
' ’
ch a n c e l n .
) ( sa n ct u a ry ze n s al tSa zn - s ol , .

c h a n c e l l or n ( o ff ic e r ) S t s zn se
. l z
- a
'
-
.

tS
'
ch a n c e r y n a zn s o z i .
- -
.

( v e n e r e a l u l ce r ) Sze nk az
’
ch a n cr e n . .

( like ch a n cre ) Sa n ks oi d
'
c h a n c r o i d a dj .
-
.

l i ts) S a n d o l i zz
’
ch a n d el i e r n ( p e n d a n t c l u s t e.r o f g h .

ch a n d l e r n ( ca n d le m ak e r ; re t a il e r ) t Sa zn dl az t Sa n dl az
' ’
- -
. , .

’
c h a n g e a b l e a dj ( v a r iab le ) t Se e n d 3 a b al .
- -
.

ch a n n e l v. [ pre s e n t p a rt i ci pl e c h a n n e l in g, c h a n n e llin g ; p a s t
pa r t i c i ple an d pre t e r i t c h a n n e l e d, ch a n n e ll e d, ch a n n e l d ]
tSa nl , t S
'
n al
’
a .

’
) Sae n s an
'
c h a n s on n. ( s on g S on son , .

ch a n t v .
,
n . [ s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e c ha u n t ] tS
s zn t , tS
a :n t ,
tS
a zn t .

j S tS
' ’
ch a n t an t ad . on t on, a zn -t on t .

tS
’ ’
ch a n t i cl e e r tS ic n t i k e i :z ,
n ( cock ) . s zn -t i -k z i w -
.

)
'
ch a os n ( c h as
. m , a b y s s ; di s o r d e r k e e -
os .

ch a ot i c a dj ( l ik e ch a os ) ke ot i k
'
. .

ch a p n ( a c ra c k , a s i n t h e ha n d ) t Sa p
. .

ch a p n j a w [ a ls o s p e lt c h o ]’ t Sop
. p .

ch a p a r r a l n ( t h ick e t ) t Sr pa z ae l
. .

c h a p e a u n h at [ p l u r a l c h a e a u x ] S
. a
'
e poo p .

'
ch a p e l n ( su b or d in a t e p la ce of w or s hip , e t c ) t j a pal
. . .

c h a p e r on n ( h o od ; p r o
.t e ct o r )
’
a ap a -
z o n
’
S p on
ae a -z S , .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e , 8 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t sch e w ;
f f
.

w w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u l l , on ool , i i t , i i s e e ;
0 p oe ti c ; a ov e r , e ae ri al, A b u t , 0: d oor, s o n o, e b ed , s o gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
on y m ou s ] S ( son
’
cogn at e s s as h y, s a s h ay , s a ss hay z se e ,
p
t i m e s , e s e ci a lly a n t er i or ly )
'
s e .

( ri fl e ) S ae s s
’
c h a s s e p ot
'
n. p o, poo
-
.

( f ram e ) S ass i s Sa si i
’
ch a s s i s n
’
. , .

c h a s t e a dj ( pu re ) t Se e st . .

ch a s t c n v . d iscipl in ; f
pu r i y [ p a s t p a rt 1 c 1 pl e a n d p r e t e
c h a s t e n e d, ch a s t e n d ]
'
tS -
e e ss n ,
'
tS e e s n ; ( i m r oper ly )
-
'
tS p
tS
'
st an , a ss n .

ch a s t e n i n g ad j .
’
tS
e e - so- n i n . ( ra p i d ly ) tS
'
e e s- n i n .

pu n i sh ] tS
'
ch a s t [ al so
’
i se v. sp e l t c h a s t is e tS
ics t s i z , a st e
tS
'
ae - st a i z .

ise m en t n tS e st i z -m a n t ; ( l e ss p r oper
’ '
ch a st e s t i s m on t tS a .
-
,

-m
tS
’
w s t a i z snt .

ch a su b l e n ) S 3j l fi c Ss
’
( m b l b al
’
v e s t e n t t ie u -
. s a s o -
b e , t u -
, .

ca st l e ; cou n t ry h ou se [ plu r al c h at e a uz ] S
'
c h at e a u n . a t
'
Sa t oo .

t e l a i n e n ( m ist r e ss of a chat e a u ; a ppe n dage ) t S a tl

’
ch a .

'
S
a t i -l e n ;
’
Sa z-t s -l e n .

( m ov ab l e posse s s ion ) t Sa t l t Sze t al

' ’
ch a t t e l n . , .

ch a u f f e r n p o r t a b l e u rn. a c e [ a l s o s p e l t c h a u e r ]
’
t S
c : f
-f f
'
S f az
c z-
.

-f z
ch a u f f e u r n ( m b i l d i ) S f ’
S
’
a u t o o e -
. r v e r o a zz , o o o .

’
ch a u v i n i s m n ( d i ) S n i z am
’
e v o t o n o o-v i -
. .

c h a y n c h a is e [ a l s o s p e lt s h a y ] S
. ee .

c h e a p a dj ( l ow in p rice ; m e a n ) t Si ip
. .

ch e c k n v [ a ls o a s a n ou n i n t h e se n se of a w r it t e n c
.
, .
, ,

f
or d r a t , s p e l t c h e q u e ; a s v e rb p ast p a rt i c i pl e a n d p r : ,

c h e c ke d , c h e c k t ] t S ek .

ch e c k e r n on e of t h e p ie ce s or m e n u s e d i n t h e g :
.

f
d ra t s or ch e ck e r s [ a l s o s pe l t c h e q u er ] t Se ks z
’
.

ch e c k e r b e r r y n [ a ls o s pe l t che q u e r b e rr y sy n on y m ou
.

n a t e c h ic ka b e rr y ] tS e ks z -b e z i
’
.

c h e c k e r e d a dj [ a l so sp e lt c h e q u e r e d, c h e cker d ] t Se kai
’
.

ch e e k y a dj ch e c k t ch e ck e r d
. [ a ls o sp e l t ch egu e z , 4 ,

tS
’
c h e q u e y, c h e c q u y c h e cq u e y ] e ki , .

C h e d d a r a dj [ a ls o sp e lt C h e dd er ] t S e daz
'
. .

c h e e p v ( p e e p , chi rp , sq u e a k ) t S
. i ip .

c h e e r f u l a dj tS i zz -f al
’
. .

c h e e s y a dj f ik h s ) S i i
’
(o o r l e. c e e e t i -z
.

ch e f n ( h e a d ; chi e cook ) Se f
. f .

c h e f -d m u v r e n
’
[ p l u r a l c h e s d azu v r e ] S
-
’
. e d s :vz
’
f .

ch oi r op t e r n s e e c h ir o t er . p .

[p ] i
'
c h e l a n cl a w . l u r a l c h e l a e k i -
la .

j 9 t hin ; 3
'

e, c ca t o; a t he ,
.
az u r e , d3 oy :
S s h oe
w w ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re act ,
en ou fool , o fu l
0 poet 1c ; a ov er , e ae ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b!
 DICTI O NARY O F HARD W O RD S 9l

ch e l a pu p il , n ov ic e [ a l s o s p e lt
'
] tS i
t S la
’
n . ch e e l a ee -
l a, -
i .

c h e l oi d n . t u m or [ a l s o s p e lt ke l oi d ]
k i i-l oi d
'
.

ch el y s n ( a n cie n t G r e e k l r e ; lu t e ; v iol ) k e l i s
.
’
y .

ch e m e n ( R m i g )h k mi
'
o . a n w e t i i -
.

c h e m i c ad j ( of ch e m is t ry ) k e m i k
’
. .

ch e m is e n ( ga r m e n t ; w al l ) Si m i iz ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) Si m i is
.
' ’
p p .

ch e m i s e t t e n m ) em i z et
’
(g a r e n t S . .

ch e m i s t n f
[ or m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e c hy m is t ] k e m i st ,
.
'

( d i al e c t a lly ) k i m i st
’
.

ch em i st r y n f
[ or m e r s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e c hy m is try ] k e
.
’

m i st gi , ( d ia l e c t a lly ) k i m i - s t gi
'
-
.

ch e n i l l e n ( cord ) Se n i il
’
. .

d (p
’
h k i d p od
'
c e n o p o n l a n t ) i n o -
p
. o , k e n a - -
.

c h e q u e n s e e c h e ck . .

c h e r oo t n e z uu t , t S
’
c ig a r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s h a r oo t ] S
. i
'
z uu t .

ch e r u b n a n ge l [ p l ur a l ch er u b i m
’
. c h er u b s , ] tS
e z ab .

ch e r u b i c a n ge l ic tS
’
ad j .
( of ch e ru b s ; ) i k z uu - b i .

ch e r u b i m n .
( p lu ra l of che r u b )
’
tSe z a -b i m ; ( l ess p r op er ly)
e z j o- b i m
'
tS .

ch e r v i l
’
(p l a n nt ) t
.
Sc zz -v
xl .

C h e s h i r e a dj t Se Saz
'
. .

'
c h e s t n u t n n u t ; t re e [ a l s o s p e lt c h e s n u t ] t S tS
’
. e s n at e s -n A t .

c h e t a h n le op a r d [ a l s o s p e l t c h e e t a , ch e e t a h ] t S i i to
’
-
. .

ch e v a l d e f r i s e n w a r a pp l ia n ce s pi k e d or n a m e n t
.
-
[ p l u ra l ,

c h ev a uz d e r is e ] S a- v a e l d a f s riz
’
f —
.

ch e v a l e t n ( p r 0p ) e v a l e
’
. S -
.

ch e v a l i e r n ( h or se m a n , k n ig h t ; b i r d ) Se v a l i zz
'
. .

( pl u r a l of c h e v a l ) Sa v oo
’
ch e v a u x n . .

ch e v e l u r e n ( h e a d o f h a i r ; c. o m a o f a c o m e t )
’
e v s - i
l uz S .

h l ( ) k i d [ ] S
’
c e v e r e n o b s o l e t e . a l s o s p e l t c h e v e r i l t e v a -
z al .

ch e v e t n ( e a s t e r n e n d of a n a ps e ) e v c e
.
'
S .

’
ch e v i ot n ( h ) S i i tS i v i at
’
i S
'
w o o l e n c.l o t t e v -
s t , t i v -
ot ; - -
.

c h e v r on n b e a m ; d e v ice ; b a d ge [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e ch e
.

] Se v z an
'
v e r on .

ch e w m a s t i ca t e [ p a s t p a rt i ci p le a n d p r e t e r i t ch ew e d
v .
,

c h ew tSuu ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) t Su , .

ch e w i n k n b ir d [ a l s o s p e lt c h e ew in k ] t S i w rnk
’
. .

ch i a n t i n
’
( i k i ki
'
w n e ) . a n t i a zn -
ti , .

ch i a r os cu r o n l ig h t a n d s h a d e cl a ir -ob scu r e ; a d ra w i ng
.
,

in b l ack a n d w hit e [ a l s o s p e l t ch ia r o- os cu r o ] ki-a z-z a sku z- z o

'
.

c h i as m n ( t w o l i n e
. s c r o s t; d e c u ss a t i on )
'
k a a z am
i -
.

c h i a s m a n c h ias m [ pl u ra l c h ias m a t a ] k ai mz m a
'
. .

c: l aw ,
fu r,
a: c c at , o
a h otb oy ; a : f or 00 n ow 8 : a s k , s i k it e
, oi , ,

le n gt h - m a rk i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s lon g

st r e s s -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h 1e f s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow m g sy l l a b l e .
92 DI CTIONARY O F HARD WORD S
ch i a s m u s n ( w or d - or d e r ) k ai ac s u s s
’
. .

c h i b ou k n l on g- s t e m d p ip e [ a l s o spe lt chi b ou q u e, chib u k]

.

tS i b uu k , t S
' '
i b uk .

c h i c a dj ( s t yl is h ; cu n n in g ) Si k , Si ik
‘

. .

c h i ca n e n ( t r ick e ry ) Si ke e n
’
. .

c h i c a n e r y n [ p l u r a l c h ic a n e r i e s ] S i ke e -n e -z i l e ss pr oper l y)
'
.
(
S k
’
i w n o - i
z .

c h i ck n ( ch icke n ) t Si k
. .

c h i ck e n n tS i k i n ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) tS
’
i kn
’
. .

c h i c or y n p la n t [ a l s o s p e lt c h icc or y ; sy n ony m ous cogn at e

.

( a n t e r ior ly ) t Si k oz i ; ( r a p i d ly ) t ks x
’
s u cc or y ] tS i ka z i
’ '
-
.
,

c h i e f a dj ( p r i n cip a l ) t Si i f , ( w h e n l ess s t r e s t ) t Si f
. .

ch i e f n h e a d [ pl u r a l c hi e s ] t S
. i if f .

c h i e f e r y n off ice or d om a in of a ch i e f ; t rib u t e [ sy n on ym ous

.

o
c g n a t e c h i e r y]
'
t Si i -
f s -
f
zi .

) S ti n
’
c h i e f t a i n n ( l e a d e r t . i i f -
.

ch i f f on n ( b it of cl ot h or fi n e ry ) S i fan , S i f on
’ ’
. .

c h i f f o n i e r n c a s e o f d r
. a w e r s; r ag p ick e r [ a l so spe lt chif
-

f
an n i e r ; s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e s chi on n i e r e ch i ff
on i e r e , , ff
ch i ffon i er e ch i on n ier e ,
, ff
c h e ff on i e r ] S i f a
’
n i zz , S i
’
f oo -n i-e
,

S i fon i e S i fa n i zz
’
-
’
,
-
.

c h i f f o n n i er e n ( f e m a l e r a gp i
. c k e r ) S i
’
f o o -n i e
zz -
.

( a w om a n s h a ir d on e u p a t t h e n a pe of t he
’
ch i g n on n .

S j n
i
’
n e ck ) i -n o
.

ch i l b l a i n n ( b l i d l d h m ) l -b l
’
a n u .e t o a c o ; e r y t e a t S i een .

[ pl u r al c h il d r e n ] t Sa i l d
’
ch i l d n . .

ch i l d e n ( n ob le y ou t h ; s q u ir e ; k n igh t ) t Sa i l d
. .

c h i l d l i k e a dj
’
( l i k e a c hi . l d ) S t s i l d l a i k ,
’
t S lai k
a i l - -
.

ch i l d r e n n ( pl u ra l of c h il d ) t Si l d ron
’
. .

ch i l i a sm n ( d o c t r i n .o f f i n a l r u l e b y C h r i s t e t c )
’
k i l i a am
- cz
, . .

ch i l l i n t h e p od or f r u it of t h e G u in e a p e p p e r [ a l s o s pe lt
.

c h i li c h il ly C h il e ; p l u r a l c h i l l i es ]
’
, ,
tS i li .

c h i l l y a dj ( col d ) t Si l i
'
. .

c h i l om a n l ip [ pl u r a l c h il a m a t a l k a i l ou m o
'
-
. .

ch i m e n ( s e t of b e l l s ; a l s o t h e ir h a r m on iou s s ou n d ) t Sa i m
. ,

c h i m e n r i m of a c a s k [ a l s o s p e l t c h i m b ] t S
. sim .

ch i m e r n m
'
( o n e w. h o c h i e s ) S t s i -m a
z .

c h i m e r n [ a l s o s pe l t c h i m a r , c him m ar ] t S sa m e m e an
’
. i m az .

i n g a s c hi m e r e .

ch i m e r a n fa n t ast ic cr e at u re ; v a in f a n cy [ a l s o spe lt ch
.

ma e r a ] a k i
’
m i z- z o , k i
’
i i i i z-
za .

c h i m e r a n [ al s o s p e lt c h i m a er o] S i m i z z a
'
. same m ean i ng -
.

c hi m e r e .

j c
ye ,
c u r e ; b t h e , 8 t h i n ; 3 a u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Scl t

w w h e n ; i ] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , i i t , i i f f
0 poe tic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o 3
 DI C TI O NARY O F HARD WORD S 93

ch i m e r a n b is h op s r ob e [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t es c h im e r, ch i
’
.

m e r a ] Si m i zz , t Si m i zz
’ '
.

ch i m er i cal a dj ( f a n t a s t i c ; p pr e o s t e r o u
. s ) k a i
’
m e z i -
k a l , k i
'
m e z i - k ol .

m m m
’
c h i e r i z e v o b s o l e t e [ a l s o s
.
p e l t c h i e r is e ] k a i i z -z s i z
,

k i m i z-z a i z
’
.

ch i m n e y n [ p l u r a l ch i m n eys ] t Srm n r ; ( d i a l e c
’
sm ok e - v e n t .

t a l ly , s om e t i m e s w i t h v a r i a t i on of s p e l l in g ) tSrm l i , tS im
’ ’

b li .

ch i m p a n z e e S m i
’
S m m
’
( ) i S p
’
n a p e t i pa n z , t i
. ae n z i , t i p a n z i ,

tS i m p a n z ri
’
.

c h i n a r -t r e e n tS r n a zz - i gri
’
. .

ch i n ch i l l a n ( r od e n t ; fu r ; cl ot h ) t Srn t Si l a
'
. .

C h i e s e a dj ptiv ly ) t Ss -n i z
’
( of C i ) t Sa r n ri
h m
’
n n a . z ( as s u i ; ,

( a ls o) t Ss i n i i s , ( as s u mpt iv ly ) t Ss i n is
' ’
-
.

ch i n k a p i n n d w a r f c h e s t n u t [ a l s o s p e l t c h in c a p i n , c h i n
.

] tS tS
’ ’
q u a pin rnk s - p rn , i n ks - p i n .

ch i n oi d i n e n b y - p r od u ct ob t a i n d i n m a k i n g q u in in e [ a l s o,
.

m i m ] d o dai n
’
l i i k
'
s o e t e , s pe t c h
s i n o d n i n o i i n k i n i - -
, .

c h i n ol i n e n t e r t i a ry a m i n [ a l s o s o m e t i m e s s p e lt ch i n olin ;
.
, ,

sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e s q u in ol i n e q u i n ol i n , q u i n ol e in , q u i n o ,

l e in e ] k i n s l s rn k i n a- l i n
’ ’
-
.
,

( w in d ) t Si n u k t Sr n uu k
’
ch i n o o k n
’
. , .

c h i n t z n p r i n t e d c ot t on cl ot h [ a l s o s p e l t c h in t s ] t S
. i nts .

ch i p m u n k n c h ip p i n g - s q u i r r e l .
[ s y n o n y m ou s cog n a t e c h ip
m u c k c h ipm u k ] t Si p- m A nk
’
, .

c h i r og r a p h y n ( h a n d w r it in g ) k a i z og z o f i
’
-
. .

c h i r om a n c y ( p a l m ist r y ) k a i z o m ac u s i ( r a r e ly ) k i z a
’ ’
n .
- -
,

m a nsi .

c h i r op o d n m a m m a l w it h h a n d s [ a l s o s p e l t c h e ir op od ] ka i
'
.

zo p od
-
.

ch i r o p o d i s t n ( cor n d oct or e t c ) k a r z op a - d i s t k i z opa d i s t ;

’ '
- -
. , .
,

( i m r o p p
er ly) t S p d i s t Si z op a d i st
i
'
z o a -
’
,
-
.

c h i r o p t e r n w i n g- h a n d e d a n i m a l ; b a t [ a l s o s p e lt ch e i r opt e r ]
.

k s i z opt az
'
.

ch i r r u p v c h i r p [ s n on y m ou s cog n a t e c h e r u ; p a s t pa r t i c i
. y p
ple a n d p r e t e r i t c h ir r u e d c h ir r u pt ] t S
’
i z ap p , .

c h i r u r g e on n ( s u r g e on ) k a r z s z d 3 s n ; ( i m r o er ly ) t Si z nz
’
.
'
p p
d3 3 n .

’
ch i s el n .
( t ool ) tSi z ol .

ch i s e l v . [ p r e s e n t pa r t i c i ple ch is e l in g , c h is e l lin g ; p a st pa r
’
t rc rpl e and p re t e r i t c h is e l e d , c h is e l l e d , c h is e l d ] tSi z al .

[
’
ch i t i n n . e n t om ol i n a ls o s p e lt c h i t in e ] ka i -t i n .

c: la w ,
fu r,
a: a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow u : a s k
h ot , or , , , or kit e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st e s
r s -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h i e s t r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rn gf sy l la b l e .
9 4 DICTION AR Y O F HARD W ORD S
'
ch i t i n i z a t i on n [ a l so s p e l t ch i t in isa t i on ] k s i t i n i z e e -S
. on , -

ka i t i n s i z e e-S
'
- - sn .

c h i t i n i z e d a dj a l
[ s o sp e t c t l . h i i n ise ] d
’
k s i -
t i -n
si zd .

ch i t on n )
’
( t.u n i c k s i -
t on .

c h i v a l r ic a d j ( o c v a ry ) i v al z , SI
f h i . l
'
S - ik
'
V & i Z I k ,
’
t Si v o l -
zik .

c h i v a l r o u s a dj ( k n igh t ly ; of t h e A ge of C hi va l ry ; gall a n t )
.

’
S i v al z as t Si v al- z as
-
'
, .

ch i v a l r y n ( m o u n .t e d m a n -a t - a rm s
; k n ight h ood ; cu rt e sy )
’
S i v al z i , ( als o es p e cia lly in B r i ta in ) t Si v ol -z i
-
,
’
.

ch i v e n .
p l a n t [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e cive ] t S siv .

ch l a m y s n m a n t l e [ p l u ra l c h l a my de s ] k e e e m i s , k u m i s
’ ’
-
. .

c h l or a l n l ’
( q i u
. id ) k L o z -z s l .

c h l or a l u m i ) k z a l am k r o z a l om
' ’
n ( a n t s e p t
. i c L o z - -
, .

’
c h l or a n i l n [ l ] k -n i l kL o z ae n i l
’
a l s o s p
. e t c h l o r a n i l e r o z-
z o , .

c h l or i d e n [ m im l ] k z s i d, ( b e
’
a l s o , . s o e t e s , s p e t c h l o r i d L o z-

for e of )
’
k L oz-z i d .

ch l or i d i z e v c on v e r t i n t o or c ov e r w it h a c hl orid e [ e rr on e
.

'
ou s s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s c h l or odiz e , c h l or odis e ] .
kL o:-ci
dai z .

z s i n , kz o
'
c h l or i n e n [ a l s o .
, s o m e t i m e s s p e l t c h l o r i n ] ,
’
k L o z-

k e oz-z in
’
zin , .

c h l o r of or m n ( f o r m y l t r
. i c h l o r i d e )
'
k r o z-
z a -
f ozz m .

c h l o r o p h y l n gr e e n m a tt e r o f l e a v e s e t c [ a l s o sp e l t c h l or o
.
, .

p hy ll ] k L oz-z s - f i l
’
.

c h oa n a n fu n n e l ; in fu n dib u lu m [p lu ral ch oon a e ] koo-e -n e

.
’
.

c h o c k -f u l l a dj [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e ch ok e u l l] t Sok f ol ,
.
-
’
f
( a ss u m pt iv ly ) t Sok f ul ; ( d ia l ec t a lly ) t SA k f u l , ( a ss u mpt iv ly )
’ ’
-

'
tS A k -
f ul .

(p p k l ) S
’
h
c o o c l a t e n r e a r .e d c a c a o -
e r n e s t o k a -
l ot .

G r e e k d ry m e a su r e [ p l u r a l c h oe n ices ] k i i-n i k s
'
ch oe n i x n . .

c h o i r n c om p a n y of s i n ge r s [ a l s o sp e l t q u ir e ] kw a re
. .

ch oi r e d a dj a s se m b l e d in a ch oi r ; u t t e r d i n ch or u s [ a l s o,
.

s om e t i m e s , sp e l t q u ir e d ] k w a i z d ( a l s o , i n p o e t r
, y)
’
k w a i -
zid .

c h oi r m a n n m a n w h o s i n gs in a ch oi r [ a l s o s pe l t q u ir e m a n ;
.

m ] -m
'
p l u r a l c h o i r e n k w a i z on .

c h ok e v ( st op t h e b r e a t h , e t c ) t Sook , ( w h en u n s t r es t ) t Sok
. .

c h ol a g o g u e n m e d i cin f or c on t r ol lin g t h e b il e [ a l s o spe l

.

c h ola g og ] k ol a- g og
'
.

’
c h ol e r n ( i g ) k ; (
'
b . l e ; a n e r e l a z e r r o n e o u s l y) k o o -
l oz .

)
’
c h ol e r a n ( d i s.e a s e k o l a -
za .

c h ol e r i c a d j ( f h l i l
'
o c o. e r o r b e ; a n g y)
r k o l o -
zik .

c h ol e r i n e n d ia r r h e a p r e ce d i n g c h ol e r a [ a l s o s om e t i:
.
,

s p e l t c h ol e r in ] k ol a z i n k ol a z a i n kol o z in
’ ' ’
- - -
.
, ,

j 9 cu t e ; 0t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , i Sc l
ye ,
w w h e n ; i) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , on £001, 1 it , i i
.

f
0 p oe t i c ; c ov e r , e a e rial , A b u t , 3 : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e
 DI CTI O N ARY O F HARD WORD S 95

ch ol e st e r i n n . [ a ls o s p e lt c h ol e s t e r i n e ; e r r on e ou s s y n on y

] k l em
’
m ou s su b st i t u t e s c h ol e s t e a r i n , c h ol es t e a r in e o t a -
e s .

-l i
’
ch ol i a m b n ( v a ri e t y of ia m b ic . t r im e t e ; sca o )
r z n k oo
a mb .

c h o l i n e n b i l e -
su b s t a n c e [ a l s o, s om e t im e s
. s p e lt c h ol i n ; sy n ,

] k
'
k l
’
on y m ou s cog n a t e c h o l e i n o i n , o -
l a rn .

c h on e n ( cort ica l d om e of a s p on ge ) koon

. .

ch o os e v s e l e ct . [ p a s t pa r t i c i p l e c h os e n ; pr e t e r i t ch ose ]
tS uu z , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) t S uz .

ch op f a l l e n a dj [ sy o yn n m o u s c og. n a t e c h o p a ll e n ]
’
t S p fc
o -
f
ion .

c h o p i n n l iq u id m e a su r e [ a l s o f or m e r ly , sp e l t c h opp in , c h op
.
,

in e ] t S
'
op rn .

c h o p i n e n cl og sh oe [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e l t c h op in ] t S
’
.
, , o p ri n , ,

tS tS o p in
’ '
op r n ,
-
.

h ) -d i k
’
c h o r a g i c ad j ( f k d k k
'
o a c o r a g u .s o z e s ,
i o z e e s .

ch o a g u s
r n c h o ru s l a d e r [ s y n on y m ou s cogna t e ch or e gu s ;
- e
.

h ag ] k
’
p l u r a l c o r i o z e e - as
g .

ch o a l a j f h h i ) k
’
r d ( o a c o
. ru s o r c o r o z -
z al .

c h o r a l n s on g ; t u n e [ a l s o s pe lt c h or a l e ] koz z ol , ko z a zl
' ’
-
. .

ch o r d n a st r i n g ; t h e s i m u l t a n e ou s s ou n d in g of t h r e e or
.

m or e t on e s ; a s t ra igh t lin e i n t e r se ct in g a cu rv e ; a c h ord a

[ a ls o s p e lt c or d ] k ozz d .

ch o r d a n t e n d on ; f il a m e n t [ p l u r a l c h or d a e ] k ozz -d e
’
. .

c h o r e n s m a l l j ob ; ch a r c h a r e [ a l s o s pe lt c h oa r ] t S
.
, ozz .

ch or e a n ( S i V i d
’ '
) k i
’
a n t . t u s s a n c e o z i i -
a k o z i -
o , .

c h or e e n ( t r oc h e e ) k oz z i k o z ri
’ ’
-
. .

c h o r i c a dj ( h ) k k
’
o f a c o. r u s o z i k o z-
z ik , .

c h o r i on n ou t e r f e t a l e n v e l op [ p l u r a l c h or i a ]
’
. k oz-z i-ou .

c h or i s i s n ( p i k
’
s e a r a t . o n ) o z z r -
Si s -
.

c h or i s t n ( i i h
'
i ) k
’
s n g e r
. n a c o r o z r s t k o z-
z i st ,

ch or i s t e r n ( s i n g e r i n . a c h o i r ; c h o i r -
l e ad r )
e k oz i st s z ; ( i m
-

p r op e r ly ) k oz- z r st az
’
-
.

c h or o i d a dj ( m
'
m e b r a n o u
. s ) k o z -
z oi d .

c h or u s n b a n d of s i n g e r s ; s on g [ p lu r a l c h or u s es ] koz-z os
'
. .

c h os e v ( p r e t e r i t of ch oos e ) t Sooz ( w h e n u n s t r es t ) t Soz

.
, .

ch os e n ( p ie ce of p r op e r t y ; t h i n g ) S auz
. .

c h ou g h n ( b i r d ) t SA f. .

c h r e s t om a t h y ( c oll e ct ion of lit e r a ry e xt ract s ) ks e s t o

’
n .

m a- O i .

ch r i s m n ( s a cr e d oin t m e n t ; u n ct i on ) ka rz am ks rz m
’ ’
.
, .

ch r i so m n c h r i s o m -
. c l ot h c h ri s om -r ob e ; d e a d c h il d [ a l s o
,

s p e l t c hr ys o m c h r y s om e ] ks rz s m
’
. .

c: la w fu r
, a: , e ca t , o
a h ot ,
b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow u: a sk , or ki t e ;
or ,

l e n gt h -m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e ss -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h1 e s t r e ss on t h e f
ol l ow rng syl la b l e .
96 DI C TION ARY O F HARD WORD S
ch r i s t e n v b a pt iz e , e t c [ p a st p a rt i ci ple a n d pr e t e r i t chris t
. .

'
e n e d c h r is t e n d ] ks rss n , k s rs n
'
, .

ks rs a- n i n, ks rs n - i n, ks rs N i n
’
ch r i s t e n i n g n
' '
. .

C h r ist ia n i t y n ke t S ks rs t S
’ ’
i a n i -t i ,
’
ks rs t S ze n r- t i , . ac n i -t i ;

k et S i aen i -t i ; ks rs t cae n i - t i , ks rst i e n i -t i

’ ’ ’
.

i h S nai z ,
'
C h ri st i a n iz e v [ a l s o s p e l t. C h r i s t i a n s e ] s i a t o -

k et S
' '
a nai z ;
-
ks rs t ca- n a i z .

C h r i s t m a s n ks rs u as
’
. .

c h r om a t r op e n r ot a ry col or -d isk [ a l s o s pe lt chr oma tr op e ]

.

'
ks oo- rn a-t rop .

c h r o m l
o i h og
t r a p y h n k s o u -
m o -
l r
’
O o g z s -f
i . .

ch r om o s p h e r e n ( s o l a r c o l o r -
s ph e r e
. ch r om at osp h e re )
'
ks ou -m s - s f i zz .

c h r o m o t yp e n [ a l s o s p e l t. c h o o y ]
r m t p e
’
k s o u -m —
o t ai p .

c h r o n i c a dj ( of t i m e ; l on g con t in u e d ) ks on i k
’
-
. .

) k gz a zf
’
h
c r on o g r a p h n ( t i m e r e c o r di. n g d e v i ce -
s o n a - .

c h r on o l o g i c a dj ks on s l od 3 i k
’
. .

-d a i z
’
ch r o n ol o g i e v z [ a l s o s p e l t c. h r o n o l o g is e ] k s a n o l o s .

c h r l
o o og y n
n ( sc i e n c e o .f t h e t i m e -
or d e r of e v e n ts ) kao
’
n ol a - d 3 r .

c h r on o m e t e r n (t e im - m e as u . r i n g d e v i c e ) k s s
’
n o m i -
t oz .

l d iz
’
ch r y s a l i d e s n ( p u al of c h r y s a s ) ks
l r . l i r s ae r -
.

c h r y s a l i s n pu p a [ p l.u r a l ch r y s a l i d es c h r ys a l is s]
e
’
k s r s a -
lis ,
.

ch r y s a n t h e m u m n ( fl ow e r ) ks r sa n O i m om
'
-
. .

c h r y s e l e p h a n t i n e a dj of g ol d a n d iv ory [ a ls o s pe l t c hr ys .

e l e ph a n t in ] k s rs e l i fzc n t i n
’
-
.

c h r y s ob e r y l n m h e) k b ez i l
’
( cy o p a n . s r sa - .

ch r y s ol i t e n ( l i i )
’
o v n . k s ss l ai t
r -
.

ch r y s op r a s e n ( v a r i e t y o f . c h a l c e d o n y )
’
k s r s o -
p s e z .

ch u r c h h i i i z a t ion )
n ( o u s e
. o f w o r s hi p ; e c c l e s as t c o r g a n

tSs zz t S .

ch u te n i n cli n e d s l id e ; w a t e r f a ll ; r a p id [ a l s o, s om e t im e s ,
.

s p e lt s h u t e , s h oo t ] S u u t .

ch u t n e y n c on d i m e n t [ a l s o s p e lt c h u t n e e ] tS
’
. At N i .

ch y l c n ( liq u id i n t h e l act e al s ) k s i l
. .

ch y l i f a c t i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t c hy lifa c t iv c hi lifa c t iv e ] k a i
.
,
'
l i f ackt i v k i l i fzc kt i v
’
.
,

ch y l i f i c a t i on k a i -l i f i k e e S
’
ki l i f r ke e-S
’
n an . on -
,
.

ch y m e n ( f ood i n p r oce s s of d ige st ion ) k a i m

. .

c h y m i f i c a t i on n k n i - m rf r k e e S k i m rf i k e e - S
’ ’
an .sn -
, .

l ocu s t ; cr ick e t [ pl u r a l ci ca d as cica d a e ] s i k e e -d a

’
ci ca d a n .
,
.

ci c a t r i c e n s car cic a t r ix [ a l s o s p e l t ci ca t r is ; p l u r a l cica

.
,

t r i c e s ] s rk a t ri s
’
-
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e 6 t h in ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
ye , ,

w w h e n ; 13 S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u l l , on ool , i i t , i i se e ; f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e
98 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
’
ci r cu i t n ( b ou n da ry -lin e ; a r e a ; d et ou r ) ss z k i t
. .

c i r cu i t ou s a dj
’
( c i r cu i t -l
i k e r o u n .d a b o u t ) ss z k cu u -i -
t as .

c i r cu l a r i s e v ]
’
[ a l s o s p e l t c ir c u.l a r i s e s s z k e o l a-z
si z .

c i r cu m c i s e v cu t of f t h e f ore ski n [ a l s o s p e lt cir cu mcis e ]

.

s s z k a m -sa i z ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) s oz k om s a rz
’ ’
.

c i r c u m f e r e n c e n s oz k A m f a -z an s
’
. .

c i r cu m f e e
r n t e r n ( l a n d -
c o m p a s s ; c ir c u m v e n t
. or ) saz -kA i n

f o z e n t a z , s az kA m f a - z e n t az
’ ’
.

c i r c u m f l e c t i on [ a l s o s p e lt circu mfl ez ion ] ss z k om f z e k

’
n .

Sa n .

ci r cu m s cr i b e v . s s z k s m sks a i b ,
'
( a n t e r i or ly )
’
s s z k om -s ks s i b .

c i r c u m s p e c t a dj ) s s z k am -spe kt
’
.
( c a u t i ou s .

c i r cu m s p e ct ( ob s ol e t e ) s s z ka m sp e kt
'
v . .

ci r cu m s t a n ce n ( su rr ou n d i n g ; d e t a il )
.
’
s s z kom stz ns , -
'
ssz
ks m s t an s
-
.

ci r cu m s t a n t i a l a dj ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) 8 8 8
’
s s z k a m s t ie n S al
I
. ,

ka m - st ae n S sl .

ci r c u m v o l v e v r e v olv [ a ls o sp e l t c ir cu m v olv ; p s s t pa rt i ci
.

p l e a n d p r e t e r i t c irc u m v olv e d c ir c u m v olv d ] ss z kom ve l v

’
, .

ci r r h os i s n i d i )
’
( l v e r -
se a se s
. r z o o - r
s s .

c i r r o s e a dj h a v i n g cirr i [ a ls o s p e lt cirr h os e ] s r z oos, ( as

'
.

s u m pt iv ly )
’
s rz os .

c i s a l p i n e a dj on t h i s t h e s ou t h e r n , si d e of t h e A l ps [ al so,
. ,

s om e t im e s s p e l t c is a l p in ] s rs a
’ ’
, e lp i n s i s a l p a rn ,
-
.

ci s t n ca s e
. ch e s t m y st ic b a sk e t [a l s o, e rron e ou sly , spe lt
, ,

cy s t ] s i st .

ci s t n. p r e h i st or ic p l a c e of in t e r m e n t ; s e pu lch ral ch e st ; st on e
co ff in [ a l s o, e r r on e ou sly , sp e l t cys t ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e
kis t ] s i s t .

ci t a d e l n ( o r t
. r e s s )
'
sf r t s -
ds l .

cit e v ( q u ot e n a m e ) s ort
. , .

ci t h a r a n ( a n c i e
. n t G r e e k m u s i c a l i n s t ru m e n t )
’
e o-
za .

c i t h e r n n m u s ica l in s t ru m e n t w i t h w i r e st r in gs , p la y e d w it h
.

a y
p le ct r u m [ s n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s c i t t e r n ; e i t h e r, c i t h ar ,
z it h e r ]
’
e az n .

ci t r a t e n i i id )
’
( s a l t. o f c t r c ac s r-
t g ; (
e t e r r o n e o u s l y)
'
ss i -
t ge t .

c i t r i n c a dj of t h e cit r on or l e m on [ a l s o s p e lt c i t r i n ] s rt grn
'
. .

ci v c n s a i v . s a m e m e a n i n g a s c h iv e
. .

ci v i l a dj ( of t h e st a t e ; cu r t e ou s ) s i v i l , ( s om e ti m es ) s rv al
’ ’
. .

c i v i l i z a t i on [ a ls o sp e lt civ il is a t ion ] s rv rl i z e e -San , s i v i

’
n .

l ai z e e S
’
an -
.

ci vi l i z e v [ l l i i i ]
’
a s o .s p e t c v l s e s rv i -
l ai z .

ci vi l i z e r n [ l ]
’
a s o s p .e l t c i v il is e r s r v r -
l a i -
z oz .

j c cu t e ; 6 t h e , 0t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e v
ye ,
w w h e n ; i) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , u u ool , i i t , i i 8 1
.

f f
o p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o 110, e b e d , s o go
 DICTI O NARY O F HARD W O RD S 99
’
l i , ( a n t e r i or ly ) s i v i l i
'
ci v i l l y a dv . ( in a i i
c v l m a n n e r ) s i v i - .

c l a i r -o b s c u r e n. c hi a os cu o
r r [ so
a l s p t
e l c l a r e -
ob scur e ]
'
k L e zz - ab -s k cu zz .

i i
’
cl a i r v o y a n c e n ( es e c
m m r i i n s g t)
h k L e z v o -
on s
. .

c l a m a n t adj ( cry in g ) k L e e m on t , k u e m on t
’ '
-
. .

cl a m o r n ou t cry [ a ls o s p e lt cla m ou r ] k e a m oz
’
. .

cl a m o r v r a is e a n ou t cry ; s h ou t [ a ls o s p e l t cl a m ou r ; p ast
.

p ar t i ci p l e a n d p re t e r i t cl a m or e d, cl a m or d ] k u e m s z
’
.

cl a m or ou s [ a l s o, r a re ly , s pe lt cla m our ou s ] kw ms
’
a dj .

z as .

cl a n d e st i n e ad j . s e cr e t [ a l so , s om e t im e s , sp e lt cl a n d e s t in ]
'
k L ae n d e st i n d
'
,
k L ae n e st s i n
-
.

’
cla n g [ a l s o s p e lt cl a n g ou r ] k L a ns z , k u ngaz
'
c l a n g or n . .

c l a n n i s h a dj
’
( of a cla n ) kL ae n i S . .

’
pb d k p b ozz d
’
c l a o a r d n (s h e a t h i n g
-
. b o a r d ) k u e b s z ,
L a -
.

cl a q u e n ( p a id a ppl au d e rs col l e ct iv ly ) k nack

. .

C l a r e n c e u x n t i t le o f t h e s e con d k in g-a t - a r ms [ a ls o sp e lt
.

C l a r e n ci e u x ] k u e z s n - s cu
’
.

cl a r e t n ( w i n e ) k u e z ot
’
. .

cl a r i n e t n w in d -i n s t r u m e n t [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e cla r i on e t ]
.

k L ae z i -n e t , k z a z i n e t
’ ’
.

m i
’
cl a r i on n ( t ru .
p )e t s -
on .

c l a s p n , v c a t ch , e m b r ace [ p a s t p a rt rc rp l e a n d pr e t e r i t cla s
. . p
p
e d , cla s t ] k z a zs p , k z a zs p , k z a zs p .

cl a s s n ( d iv i si on ; ra n k ) k e a zs , k z a zs , s
. s .

c l a s s i c a dj of t h e irst cl a ss ; s t a n d a r d ; of old
. f r e e ce or G
R om e ) k L a S i k , k L a z- S i k
’ ’
.

cl a s s i c i s t n k u e s r s i s t , k L a z-s r- S i st
’ ’
—
. .

c l a s s i ci z e v [ ]
’
l k k
’
a l s o s p e t
. c l a s s i c i s e e se s i -
s s i z , e n z-S i - s a i z .

i f i f -f a i
( )
’ ’
c l a s s y v arra n g .e n c l a ss e s k s i -
a i , k L a z -
S i .

j (
’
l d l b h d ) k k
’
c a v a t e a c u -
s a p. e L ae -
v e t , L e e -v e
t .

c l a v i c h or d n i lik e in s t ru m e n t ) k u v i kozz d
'
(p a n o -
.
—
.

cl a v i e r n k -v i-az kl a v r:z ; ( cla v i ch ord , pia

( y
’ ’
k e b .o a r d ) l e e ,
’
n o) k L o V i zz .

c l a y e y a dj (
’
o f c l a y)
. k L e e -i .

cl e a d i n g n cl ot h i n g ; ca s i n g [ a l s o spe lt cl e e din g ] k L I i-d l l)

'
. .

cl e a n l y a dj cl e a n , n e a t [ a ls o s p e lt cl e n ly ]
’
. k L e nl i .

l l i m
’
c e a n y a d v ( n a c l e a. n a n n e r ; e x a c t y)
l k e r i -
nl i .

c l e a n s a b l e a dj [ a l s o sp e lt cle a n s ib l e , cl en s a b l e ] k e e n z a-b ol
’
. .

cl e a n s e v m a k e cl e a n [ a l s o s p e l t cl e n s e ] k e e n z
. .

c l e a r v cl a ri . fy
; b e c om e b r ig h t [ p a s t p a r t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t
c l e a r e d, cl e a r d ] k u zz ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) k L IZ , .

cl e a t n s t r i p o f w ood
. e tc [ a l s o s p e l t e l e e t ] k L i it
, . .

c: l aw fur
, a: , a ca t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow u : a sk , or k i t e ;
or ,

le n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss m a r k
- i n d i ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t re ss on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl l ab l e .
 IOO DI CTI ONARY O F HARD W O RD S
’
cl e a v e r n .
( on e h o or t h at
w w h ic h cl e a v e s ) k e ri-v oz .

cl e a v e r s n . c l im b i n g pl a n t [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e cl iv ers ]
'
k e ri- v oz z .

c l e f n .
( y a r k on a m u sica l s t a ) k L e f
k e -m ff .

c l e f t n cr e v is , r i t [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e cl i t ] k L e ft
. f f .

c l e i s t o g a m y a dj s a m e m e a n i n g a s clis t oga my . .

cl e m a t i s n (p l a n t ) k e.m a -
t i s ; ( i m r o e r l y) k L i
'
m e e -
ti s p p .

c l e m e n cy n ( l e n i e n c )
’
k L
. e m o n - r
s y .

C l e m e n t i n e a dj o f C le m e nt [ a l so, s om e t im e s, spe lt C le men .

t in ] k e e m s n - t rn , k e e m on - t a i n
’ ’
.

c l e n ch v f
a s t e n [ s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e cl in ch ; p as t p a rt i c i pl e
.

a n d p r e t e r i t cl e n c h e d , cl e n c h t ] k L e n t S . [ a ls o, a nd i n B r i t a i n
n or m a l ly ) k L e n S .

cl e p s y d r a n w a t e r - c l ock .[ pl ur a l cl e syd r as, cl epsydroe ] p

’ ’
k e e p s r- d ra , k e e p s s i -d ra .

cl e p t om a n i a n s e e k l e t om a n ia . p .

c l e r e s t or y n u p p e r st ory or p a r t of t h e n a v e , e t c
.
[ als o .

s p e t c l e a r s t or y ]
’
l k u zz -
s t a z-
Zi .

’ ’
cl e r g y n ( b o d y . o f e cc l e s i a s t i c s ) k e n e d 3 ,i k L s zz -
dsi .

c l e r i c a l a dj f l f l k i kal
'
( o t h e c e r .
gy ; o c e r s o r w r t e r s ) k n e z i -
.

cl e r k n ( cle rgy m a n ; s c h ol a r ; r e cord e r ; s a le s m a n ) h a ck,

.

( in B r it a i n , o t e n e r ) k e n ze k , k e a zk f .

cl e w n b a ll or sk e i n ; t h r e a d [ a l s o s pe lt cl u e ] k L uu
. .

( pr in t i n g p la t e ) k L i Se e
’
c l i ch e n .
-
.

cl i c k n ( s ou n d ) k L I k
. .

cl i e n t e l e n c li e n t s c oll e ct iv ly. [ a ls o s pe l t cl i e n t e ll e, clien

’
t el e ] k L a i- a n t i il k L a i - a n t e l , k L i- e n t e e i
’ ’
.
,

cl i m a c t e r i c n ( c r i t i c a l p e r i o d i
. n l i e ) k L a i
'
m ae k t s -
z i k, kL s i f
m aak t e z i k , k e r m ae k t s -z rk k e rm aek t e z i k
’ ’ '
.
,

c l i m a t a l a dj i m ) -m
’ ’
( o f c l a t e . k L a i -
n i a -
t l , k L s i o -
t al .

cl i m a t e n ( re gion ; p re v a ili ng a t m os p h e r ic con d it ion ) kL s i

’
.

mit .

c l i m a t i c a dj ( of cli m a t e ) k e s r mze t i k ; ( l e ss r o er ly ) kL I
.
’
p p
’
ni zc t i k .

cl i m a t i z e v [ l l m ]
’
a s o s p e t c. l i a t i s e k L s i -m
a -
t ai z .

cl i m a t ol o g y n ( i f l i m ) m
’
s c e n c e o c a
. t e k L s i -
a t s d sr
o l -
.

cl i m b n ( asce n t ) k L s i m
. .

cl i m b e r n ( h h i i m b m oz
'
o n e w h o . o r t a t w c h c l s ) k L s i -
.

cl i m e n ( r e gion , re a l m ) k L a i m
. .

cl i n a n t h i u m n ( r e ce pt acle of a com p os it l ow e r ; coen s

. f
t h iu m ) k e i n a n O i- e m
’
.

cl i n ch v [ p a st p a rt i c i p l e a n d p re t e r i t clin ch e d , clin c .
.

k L i n t S k L i n S sa m e m e a n i n g a s cl e n ch
, .
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e
ye , 8 t h in ; 3 a u r e d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t SC h f . ,

w w h e n ; 13 s i n g u w h oe v e r , i rea ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , r i t , i i 1 f f
o poet ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: door, s o n o, e b e d , c c 9
IO Z DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
’ ’
c oa d j u t a n t a dj n ., .
( a ss st a nt ) ko a d3 o t n t , ko z d sj u t n t ; ko
i - -

3j
’
d k d
’
a so n -
t n t o -
a o, u t t
- n
.

’
k sj
’
c oa d j u t o r n ( a s s i s t a n t ) .k o -
s d 3 u u -
t a z o -
a d u u -
ts z , .

d sj
'
c oa d j u d k
’
v a n cy n k o a 3 u v o n -
s r , .o a uv a n -
Si .

d d sj vont
’ '
c oa d j u v a n t a d j n ( a ss i s t an t ) k o . a , 3 u -
v .s n t , k o e u - .

gj l e t
’
c oa g u l a t e v ( c u r d l e ) k o. ae u -
.

'
c oa l e s c e v (g r o w t o
. g e t h e r ) k o -
o les .

'
c oa l i z d a j
e d j o i n d a lli e d
. [ a ls o s p e l t c o a
,
l i s e d ] k o o -e -l e i z d
.

c o a r s e a dj ( w a n t i n g in f in e n e s s ; ru d e ) kozz a
. .

c oa t n (g .a r m e n t ; t h in o u t e r l a y e r ) k oo t ; ( d i a l e c t a lly ) kct .

’
k k
'
c oa t i n (qu a .d ru p e d ) o o -
ae t r , o a z-
ti .

c oa x v p e t ; i n f lu e n ce b y ca r e s s e s [ p a s t pa rt i ci pl e a nd p re t
.

e r i t c oa x e d c oa x t ] kook s ,
.

) ko z ksal
'
-a x i al
c c -a x a l a dj ( h a v i n g a c
. o m m o n a x i s ; c o .

c ob n g
. u ll [ a l s o s p e l t cob b ] k ob .

'
m e t a l [ a l s o s p e lt k ob a l t ] koo b c zl t , koo b olt , ke
’ '
c ob a l t n .
- -

b ze l t .

b oa t [ a l s o, s om e t im e s sp e lt c obb l e ] koo b al , k ob e l
’ ’
c ob l e n .
-
, .

’
’
c oc a n ( a. s h r u b , E r y t h r o x y l o n c o ca ) k oo -
ko .

coca i n e n k
’
l k k k k
’
( l i d ) k
’
a k a o . o s e n , oo -
e -
i n , o o -
e -
sin .

’
] k k -ke -
'
coca i n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l.t c o c a i n i s e k o o -
a - n a i z , o o i
n ai z .

k
’
c oc ci n . (p l u r a l o f c o c c u s ) k o -
sa i .

c o c cu s n i n s e ct ; f r u it - c a r p e l ; s ph e ric b act e ri u m [ plural

.

c occi ] k oka s
'
.

c o c c y g e a l a dj ( o f t h e c o cc y x ) k o k
. s rd i
3 sl
-
'
.

[p yg ] k d3 iz
’
c oc c y g e s n l u r a l c o cc . es k o s e r -
.

c o c c y x n t a il b on e s c ol le c t iv ly [ p l u r a l coccyg e s ] k oks rk s
’
-
. .

c o ch i n e a l n ( c r i m s o n d y e s t u ff
. ; i n s e c t )
’
k o t S il , kot Si n i il ,
r-n
’

’
koo- t Sr n il —
.

c och l e a n s n a il - l ik e p art of t h e i n n e r e a r [ p l u ra l c och l ea e ]

.

kok L i- s
’
.

c o c h l e a r a dj h h ) k i
’
( o f t e c o c l e a . o k L -
oz .

s p oon l a b is [ p l u r a l c oc h l e a r i a ] k ok L i-az
’
c och l e a r n .
, .

c o c h l e a r a dj ( p
’
s o o n -
s h a p e d ) k
. ok L i -
sz .

co ck a t r i ce n ( f a b u l o u s m o n s t e r )
. k o k a -
t g i s
’
k o k a -
t gs i s
’
,
.

c oc k n e y n ( t ow n s m a n ; n a t iv L on d on e r ) k ok N i
’
. .

c o c k s c o m b n com b of a c ock ; p l a n t ; oy s t e r ; f op [ a l s o sp e l
.

c ox c om b ]
’
k ok s - k oom c om p a r e c o r c om b . . .

c o c k -s u r e a d j ( i k
) o Su zz ( a s s u pt iv ly ) Su :z
’ ’
ce r t a n k . m k ok -
, .

c ock s w a i n h e l m s m a n [ a ls o s p e l t c oxsw a in ] k ok - sw e ’
n .

’ ’
k ok ss n k ok s n , .

c o c k s y a dj c ocky , b u m p t iou s [ a l s o s p e l t c oxy ] k ok s i

'
. .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t he , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h i
w w he n ; r) s in g ; u w h oe v e r i re a ct a
, ,
fu l l ou,
f oo l ,
r it , i i
0 p oe t ic ; c ov e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d, ee ;
 DICTI O NARY O F HARD WORD S 103

t r e e , coc o pa lm [ a lso sp e l t ] koo- ko

’
co c o n . coc on u t - -
c oc oa .

sa m e m e a n i n g a s c oc o
1
koo- ko
’
co c oa n . . .

“
c o c oa n. ( t h e ca ca o o r c h oc o l a t e -
t re e a ls o, t h e g r ou n d s e e d s

of t h i s t r e e , or t h e b e ve r a g e m a d e t h e r e f r om ) k oo- k o
’
se e .

c a c a o.

c oc o n u t n . f
ru it of t h e coc o-p a l m [ a ls o s p e l t c oc o- n u t , c ocoa

n ut]
’
koo- k o-n A t , k oo- k a n s t
’
-
.

la r v a e n v e l op [ a l s o s pe lt c occoon ] k o k uu n
’
c oc oon n .
-
.

c o c t il e a dj m a d e b y b a k in g , a s a b r ick [ a lso, s om e t im e s ,
.

s p e l t coc t il ] k ok t i l , k ok - t s i l
’ ’
.

c o d dl e v ( b oil ge n t ly ; se e t h e ) k od l
’
. .

c o d dl e v n u r s e ov e r m u ch ; p a m p e r [ a l s o, r a r e ly , s p e lt cod l e ]
.

’
k od l .

c od e i n e n a lk a loid [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , s p e l t c od e i n ] k o d i i-i n ,
’
.

koo- d i-a i n
’
.

c o d e x n cod e , e t c [ p lu r a l c od ic e s ] koo- d e k s
'
. . .

cod i c e s n (p l f ) k d i i (
’
l d k di siz
’
r o o x o l l y) o o
u a c e -
s - -
. z , v u g a r .

c o d i ci l n ( pp m il
’
su . l e e n t t o a w l ) k o d i -
Si l .

c o d i c il l a r y a d j k od r s rl s -z r
’
. .

c o d i f i c a t i on a n , k od i f i k e e - S
’ ’
n k od i f r k e e - S . sn .

'
c o d i f y v ( r e d u c e t o a c od e ; e p it om i z e ) k od i - f a i , k oo-d i -f a r
’
. .

cc -c d n (. e m a l e fs t u d e n t i n a c o e d u c a t i o n a l c o ll e g )e
’
k oo -
cd,
ko e d
’
.

c o e f f i c i e n t n (j o i n t ac t.o r ; c o n s t a n tf m u l t ip l i e r ) k o-
s fi S
’
an t .

coe l e b s n ( h l ) i le b z
’
b a c . e o r s r -
.

coe l el m i n t h n i
’
( ca v t a r y, e
. t c ) s r i-
l e l -m
i nO . .

C o e l en t e r a n pl a n i m a l s w it h a b od y - c a v i t y or e n t e r ocoe l e
. .

y
[ s n on y m ou s cog n a t e C o e l e n t e r a ta ] s i l e n t s z s
’'

-
.

c o e l i a c a dj S i i l i -a k
’
. se e c e l ia c
-
. .

c o e l i a n a dj of t h e c oe l ia or b r a i n -ca v it y [ a l s o s pe l t c e l ia n ]
.

i i
'
sr -
l -
an .

c o e l om a n b od y -ca v it y [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s c oe l om e , coe

.

l om , c oe l u m ; p l u ra l coe l o m a t a ] s r l oo- m a
’
.

c oe l o m a t e a dj ( h i l m ) met
'
a v n g a .c o e o a s r l o o -
.

l m i l om s a m e m e a n i n g a s c o e l om a
'
coe o e n s r -
. . .

c oe n a n t h i u m n ( cli n a n t h iu m ) s r n zcn O i s m
’
-
. .

c oe r ce v ( con s t ra in b y or ce ) k o s zz s
.
’
f .

c o e r ci b l e a dj k o s z sa - b s l
’
. .

c oe r c i o n n m
’
( i
’
c o p u .l s o n ) k o n e S ,
a n k o n z e -
San .

c o e v a l a dj of t h e s a m e a g e [ a ls o,
. or m e r ly , s p e lt c oa ev a l ] f
k o ri- v al
'
.

c o e xi s t v ( e xis t a t t he sa m e t im e ) k o e g z rs t , k o i g Z i s t
’ ’
.
- -
.

c of f e e n ( d .r i n k ; t r e e )
’
k o z f i
’
k o i ; ( d i a l ec -
t a ll y)
,
’
k f
oz -f
i .

c: la w fu r
, a: , a: ca t , 0 h ot , o r b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow , u : a s k , or k i t e ;
le ngt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d rn g s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e ss -m ar k i n d i ca t e s ch 1e f
st r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l la b l e .
10 4 DI CTI O N ARY O F H ARD WORD S
' '
cof f e r n. ( b o x ) k o z- f az
, k o f az .

k of i n ;
'
i
’
c of f in n. ( b u r a l -
c h e s t ) k o z-
f i n, ( d ia l ec t al ly ) kc
'

fi n .

m e dit a t e ) kod3 i -t e t
'
cogi t a t e v .
( p on d e r , .

b ra n d y [ a l s o sp e lt c an ia c, c ag n i a c
'
c og n a c n .
] koo-n j a k ,
'
k on j ae k .

[ al s o sp e lt cog n is able ] k e g n i z o b ol , kog n s i

'
c o g n i z a b l e a dj
’
-
.

'
z a- b s l k on i z s -b s l
,
.

k
’
c og n i z a b l y a d v [ a l s o s p e l t c o g n is
. a b l y] e g n i z o - bl i , ke g
'
k og- n a i -z o- bl i k on i z a-bl i
’ ’
n a i - z a- b l i , , .

cog n i z a n ce n k n ow l e d ge ; j u risdict ion [ a ls o sp e lt c og n i

.

k og n i -z a n s , k on i -z a n s
’
s a n ce ]
’
.

i ]
’
j [ l l k k
’
c og n i z a n t a d a s o s p e t c o g n. s o n t o g n i -
z a n t , o n i -z
on t .

i k [ l l i ]
’
cog n i z e v p e r c e v e ;
. n o w a s o s p e t c o g n s e k e g -n a i z
,
’
k og n a i z .

c o g n i z e e n t h e p a r t y in w h os e f a v or a f in e of l a n d w a s l e v
.

i e d [ a l s o s p e lt cogn is e e ] k og n r z ri , k on i z i i
' '
.

c o g n i z or n on e w h o or t h a t w h ich cogn iz e s [ al s o s pe l t cog

.

n is e r ] k og n a i - z az
'
.

c o g n i z or n t h e p a rt y w h o l e v i e s a f in e of l a n d [ a l s o s pe lt
.

’
cog n is or ] k og n i -z az , kon r- z e z
'
.

c o g n om e n n m m ) k mon ; ( e r r on e ou sly )
’
( s u r n a e ; n a . e o g n a o -

k og n o m a n
'
-
.

c o g n om i n e a d v ( y m
’
b c o g n o m e n ) k o
.
g n o i -n i
.

j (
’
o
c g n o s oi b l e a d k n o w a b l e ) k o g n o s. a -
bsl .

i
’
c oh e r e v ( s t c k . t o g e t h e r ) k o h i zz .

f i h
'
c oh e s i o n n ( ac t o r s t a t.e o c o h e r n g) k o r i -
son .

c oh e s i v e a dj [ a ls o s pe l t c oh e s iv ] k o h ri s i v , ko h i i-z rv
’ '
.
-
.

( h a ird r e ss e r ) k w a ’ f n zz
’
c oi f f e u r n . .

’
c oi f f u r e n ( h e a d -
d re ss ) k w a f i zz , kw a f cu zz
. .

c oi g n n c o r n e r ; coi n , q u oin [ a l s o s pe l t coign e ] koi n

. .

c oi g n e n ( ob s ol e t e ) k oi n
. sa m e m e a n i n g a s coy n ie .
.

c oi n n ( i w e d ge , a n gl e ; d i e , s t a m p ;
p i e ce
o -st on e
, quo n ;
c r
. n e r

of m on e y ) k oi n c om p a r e q u o in . .

coi n c i d e v ( f a l l t o g e
. t h e r ; a g r e e i n p o s it i o n ; c o n cu r ) k o -i n
'
sa i d .

c ok e n ca rb on iz e d coa l [ a l s o s p e lt cook] kook

. .

c ol a n d e r n st r a i n e r [ a l s o s p e l t cu ll e n d er ]
'
. kA l on -d oz ; ( er
'
r on e ou s ly ) k ol a n -d s z .

c ol c h i c u m n (p l ) k -k
' '
a n t k o l i . a m , k o l t S i -kom
.

c o l d b l o o d e d a dj kool d b L A d i d ( a ss u mptiv ly ) kool d-b l A d i d

’ ’
- .
, .

c ol d c h i s e l n
-
( c h i se l f o r c u t
. t i n g c o l d m e t a l e t c )
’
k oo l -
tS i , .

k ool d t S
’
z al , i z al -
.

j ye 9 cu t e ; 6 t he 9 t hi n : 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
. .

w w h e n ; i] s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , a u l l , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e
;
.

f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e aeri al, A b u t , 9 : d oor, s o n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
106 D I C T I ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
t u a t i on - m a r k [ pl u r a l c ol a b ut , in t he s e n se of a pu n ct ua ti on
m a r k , c ol o n s ] koo- l an
’
.

c o l o n n l a r ge i n t e s t i n [ p l u ra l c ol on s, col a ] koo— l an
’
. .

( com m a n d e r of a r e gim e nt ) k az n l , ks z nal ; (f or

’ ’
c o l on e l n .

m e r ly ) k ol o n e l k ol o- n e l
’ ’
.
,

c o l on e l c y n ( o i ce o r r a n k o f .c o l on e l ) ff
'
k s z n l -
si .

[ San , kale
’
c ol on i z a t i o n n a l s o s p e l t c ol on i s a t i on ] k o
. l a n i z e e -

S
'
n a i z e e - on .

i z e v f or m a col on y [ a l s o s p e lt col on is e ] k ol a-n ai z

'
c ol on . .

col on n a d e n s e r ie s of c ol u m n s [ a l s o, f or m e rly , s pe lt col o

.

n a d e ] k ol a n e e d
’
.

c ol on y n ( b o d y o f. m i g r a t or s t o a n e w re g i o n )
’
k o l o-n i .

c o l op h o n n ( f i n a l d e v i c e o
. r n o t e )
’
k o l o- f o n ,
’
k o l a -f
an .

c ol o p h o n y n [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e col oph on e ] ke l a

’
r e s in .

f on i , ka l ofo- n r kol o fon i

’ ’
,
-
.

c ol or n h u e e t c [ a l s o e sp e ci a l ly i n B r i t a in , sp e lt col ou r ]
. , .
,

k A laz
'
.

c o l o r a b l e a dj [ l l ] k l b al
'
a s o s p t c
e o l o u r a b l e. A s z o -
.

’
c ol o r a n t n k A l o z on t k ol s z on t
'
- -
. .
,

[ a ls o s p e l t c ol ou r a t i on ] k A l a z e e S on , kol a z e e
’ ’
c ol or a t i on i t .
-

Sa n .

c ol o r a k A l oz a t S k ol oz o t S
’ ’
ture n sz . az -
,
-
.

c ol o r e d a dj [ al s o s p e lt c ol ou r e d c ol or d ] k A l az d
’
. . .

c ol o r e r i t [ a ls o s p e l t col o u r e r ] k A l o z az
’
-
. .

'
c o l o r i f i c a dj ( c ol or p r od u cin g e t c ) k A l a z i f i k k ol a z i f i k
’
-
. . .
, ,

c ol or i m e t e r n ( col or m e a su r i n g d e v ice ) k A l s z rm i t az , k ol a
' ’
- -
.

'
z rm i - t e z .

e x t r ac t o f m a dd e r [ a l s o s p e lt c ol or in e ]
’
c ol o r i n n . kA l o-z i n ,
k ol o z i n
’
-
.

l i [ s l i g] k
’
co o r n g n a l o s p t
e . c o l o u r n A l s -
zin .

c o l o r i s t 11 [ a l s o s p e l t c ol ou r is t ] k A l s Z i s t
’
-
. .

( lik e a c ol ossu s : hu ge ) k o l os al
’
c o l o s s a l a dj . .

C o l o s s e u m n Fl a v ia n a m p hit h e a t e r , e t c [ s n on y m ou s cog
. . y
n a t e C ol is e u m ] k ol o s ri - om
'
.

col o s s u s n g iga n t ic s t a t u e [ pl u r a l c ol oss i] k a l os s s

'
. .

c o l po r t e r n b o o k p e d l e r [.a l s o s p e l t c o l o -
r t e u r ]
’
k o l p o z z -
t az p -
.

c ol t e r n [ s o s p t ou ]
’
cu t t e .r o n a p wl o -
b e a m a l e l c l t e r k o o l tsz
-
.

c ol u m b a r y n
’
( d ov e c ot e ) kol om b e z r .
- -
.

c o l u m b i n e a dj h ) m ’
( f d d l k l b a rn , k o
’
o t e o v e ; o v e -c
. o o r o s -

l am b i n -
.

c ol u m b i n e n
’
( pl a n t ) kol om lm i n .
-
.

c ol u m n n . y
c l i n d r i c s h a f t : p ill a r [ a l s o s p e l t c ol u m ]
’
k ol om
k im
'
( k i m l
’
-l
v u l g a r l y ) o u n n ,
.

j c
ye . c u r e : a t h e 9 t h i n : 3 a z u re , ( 13 j oy : Ss h o e t Sc h e w . ,

w w h e n ; i ] s i n g ; u w h oe v e r i r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool i i t , 1 1 s e t , , f f ,
o

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e got

 DI CTIONARY O F HARD W O RD S 107

co l u m n ed j h a v i n gad c o l u m
. n s [ a l s o s p e l t c o l u m d ] kol amd
’
.

i l f i i ) i
’

( d l k k l iae
’
c ol u r e n c r c. e o e c n a t o n o l u zz , o o -
.

c ol e - s e e d [ al s o sp e l t c ol s a ]
'
c ol z a n . k ol z a .

c om a n ( h l k -m
’
. e a v y s e e p; s t u p o r ) o o s .

c om a n t u f t of h a i rs or b r a ct s ; h a z y f ri n ge [ p l u ra l c om a e ]
.

’
koo- in a .

c o m a t o s e a dj g c om a ; of com a ; d r ow sy ) k om a t oos,
’
( h a v i n .

m m om a t oos
’ ’

( as s u p t i v l y ) k oo -
a -
t o s ; ( a l s o ) k .

co m b n ( t.o o t h t d e v ic e ; c a r u n c l e ) k o o m .

c om b n k u u m , koom
. s e e c oom b . .

c om b a t v f i
( g ) h t .
’
k o m -
b ae t ,
’
k o m b o t ;
'
k A m -
b ae t ,
’
kA m b at ;
k om b a t
’
.

co m b a t n f i
( g ) h t .
’
k o m -b
z
e t ,
’
k o m b a t ;
’
k A m -
’
b a t , k A m b at .

m b k m m k m
’ ’
b l j k b b l
’
co a t a e a d a b ze t a -
b s l .
, e b a t a -
o l ,
A a t o -b s
.

c om b a t a n t n f
( g i h t e r ; c
. o n t e n d e r )
’
k o m b s t
- n
t ,
’
k A m b o -
t nt .

c o m b a t i v e a d j p g u n a c i o u s [ .a l s o s p e l t c o m b a t i v ]
’
k o m b o t
- iv
,

k A m b a - t i v ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) k a m b aet i v
’ ’
.

m b i [ m ss ] m b
'
co a t v e n e s s n a l s o s p e l t c o . b a t i v n e k o o t i v -n i
s,

k A m b at i v - n i s ; ( l es s p r op e r ly ) k s m b ae t i v - n i s
’ ’
.

co m b e r n ( o n e w h
. o c o m b s ; a l o n g c u r l i n g w a v e )
’
k o o -
m az .

c om b e r n ( ga p e r ; w r a ss e ) k om b ae
’
. .

c om b i n a t i v e
’
a dj [ a l s o s p e l t c o
. m b i n a t i v ] k o m b a i -n
a -
ti v ,

k om b i - n e t i v
’
.

m b i i l j m b i m i al
’
d k l k b
’
co n a t o r a a o -
a r n s t o z -
z. s o i n a
—
t o z-
z - -
, .

m m m ka m b s i
’
i
’
b d j k
’
co n a t o r y a o b a i n s -t oz r .
, k o b s i -
n o
- -t az i
,

n at e -z i .

c om b i n e v ( u n it e ) k a m b a rn
’
. .

com b i n e n ( c om b i n a t ion ) k om b a i n kam b s i n

’ ’
-
. .
,

c o m b i n e dl y a d v ( i n a c om b i n e d m a n n e r ) k a m b a i n r d l i
'
- -
. .

co m b u s t i b l e a d j ( b u r n a b l e ; i n f l a m m a b l
. e ) k a m b A s t s -b ol
’
.

c o m b u s t i on n ( b u r n in g ) ks m b A st Sa n k s m b A St Ss n
’ '
. .
,

c om e v ( a p p roa ch e t c ) k A m ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) k am
.
,
.
, .

c om e l i n e s s n ( q u a l it y of b e in g c om e ly ) k A m l i n i s
’
-
. .

com e r n ( on e w h o com e s ) k A m s z
’
. .

c om e s n com pa n i on ; e p i s t ola ry ; i n m u s ic , c on s e q u e n t
. an ,

s w e r [ p lu r a l c o m it e s ] koo m iz
’
-
.

c o m f i t n ( b on b on ) k A ni f i t
'
. .

c om f or t n ( ch e e r s olace ) k A m f az t
’
v .
, .
, .

co m f or t a b l e a jd (g i v i n g c o m f or t ; ea y)s .
'
k A m f a t
z s - ol
b ,

( r a p i d ly ) f
’
k A m f t s - b al ( ) ka m
’
; v u l g a r ly e re - t s - b ol .

com f r e y n p l a n t [ a l s o s p e lt com fr y ] k A m f s r kom fs r

’ ’
. .
,

c om i c a d j ( of c o m e d y ; f u n n
. y )
’
k o m i k .

m m i
’
c om i t e s n (p l u r a l o f c o e s )
. k o i t z -
.

c: law fu r
, a: , o cat , 0
a b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow , 8 : a s k , or kit e ;
h ot , or
l e n gt h -m a r k i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss-m a rk i n d i ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl la b l e .
10
8 DICTION ARY O F HARD W ORD S

c om i t i a l a dj ( of com iti a or a ss e mb l ie s) ka m i S ol , ko m i S
’
i-al
’
. .

c o m i t y n ( cu r t e sy ) kom i -t r
'
. .

c om m a n [pl ur al commas b u t i n t he s e n se of a gr ou p of
.
,

w or d s or f e e t or a ce su ra , com m a t a ] k om a
’
, .

c om m a n d v
’
( ord e r ) ka m s zn d , ka m a zn d k a ma zn d
’ ’
n .
, .
, .

c om m a n d a n t n ( com m an d e r) kom a n d s zn t ke m on da znt

’ ’
.
, .

c om m a n d e e r v c omm a n d ; f orce i n t o s e r v ice ; s ei z e [ a ls o

.

s p e lt c om m a n d e r ; p a s t p a r t i c i p l e and pr e t e ri t com mgn

d e e r e d comm a n d e er d ] k om an d i :z
’
.
,

c om m a n d e r y n [ sy n on y m ous cogn a t e com man dry] ka m s m

’
.

da-z i .

c om m a n d i t e n ( pa rt n e r s h ip ) k e ma n d i it kom on d i it
’ ’
. , .

m m m ( m m d m s n t ka ma n d mant
’
’
c o a n d e n t n a n d a t e ) k a . a z n -
, .

c om m e i i f a u t a dj ( a s i t sh ou l d b e ; ge n t e e l ) kA mil foo,
'
.

k om il foo
'
.

c om m e n c e v ( b e gin , e n t e r u pon ; m ake a s t a rt ; tak e a dc

.

m m
’
) k k
'
g r e e a e n s o e nt s , .

c o m m e n d a b l e a dj
’
( l au d a b l e ) k o m e n
. d o -b al
.

c om m e n d a m n ( b e n e f i s o r l.i v i n g c o m me n d e d or b e st ow d)
ks m e n datm
’
-
.

c o m m e n s u r a b l e a dj ( h a v i n g a c om m on m e a su re ; s ui ta bl e )
.

m b al ka m e n t S oz a b al
' ’
ka
’
m e nS o z a - b ol k o e n s c u z a -
, ,
-
.

c o m m e n s u r a t e a dj ) k m
'
( o f e q u a l s i z e ; a d . e q u a t e a e n So -cat
,

k a m e n s cu -z at , k a m e n t S
' ’
a z at -
.

c o m m e n t n ( r e m a rk ) k o m e n t
’
-
. .

c om m e n t v m ) m
’ ’
( m a k e r e. a r k s ; an n o t a t e k o e n t , k a i n e nt -
.

c om m e n t a r y ( m e m oi r e ; t re a t is e ) k om s n t e z i , k ornan
’ ’
-
n .

( ra p id ly ) kom a n t gi
’
t az i
’
, k o m a n t z
a - r
,
-
.

[ a l s o s p e lt c om m e n t or ] k om an t az k a w s a w
'
c om m e n t e r n
’
-
. , .

c o m m e r c e n ( t ra d e ; in t e r cou r se ) k om s z s
’
. .

m
’
c om m e r c e v ( h o l d i n t .e rc o u rs e ) k a s z z s .

c om m i s e r a t e v ( p y )
’
it k s m i z a
.
- et
z .

c om m i s s a r i a t n c o m m i s s a r y c o . u r t ; s u pp y l -d e
part me nt ;
f ood-su pply [ a ls o som e t im e s, spe lt com m iss a r ia t ] kom r se : ,
'

z i-at k om i s e z-ci a t , k om i s at z i-at

' '
-
.
,

c o m m i s s a r y n ( c o mm i s s i o n. e r ; j u d g ) e
’
k o m r s e e r ,
’
k o m r-s az
i,
—

k om i sa z i ( r ap id ly ) k om r ss r
’ ’
- -
.
,

( ch a r ge e t c ) k a m i San
’
c om m i s s i o n n . , . .

c om m i s s u r a l a d j ( c n ct ) o
o n e iv k m . i
’
S u z- z a l ,
k o m r
’
s e u z -z
ol , ka
k S z ol
'
'
mi S o z ol ko m i S j m
'
-
’
,
u -
z a l k o m i s c u -
z o l o r -
,
u : -
, .

c om m i s su r e n (j i S m
’
) k m k
’
o n t o .i -
uz o r -s
coz , .

c om m i t t a b l e a dj [ l l m m ] m b al
’
a s o s p e t c o . i tt i b l e k o i t a -
.

c om m i t t a l n ( com mit m e n t et c ) k a m i t l ka m i t el
’ ’
. . .
, .

j ; a t he 9 t hin : 3 az u re d 3 oy z Ss hoe t Sche

j
ye . e cu r e .
, ,
'

he n ; 1) s in g w h oe v e r i re act o f ul1 ou ffool i it i i s

o

w w : u , , . , .

o poe tic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, 8 b ed , s e go

110 DI C TIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

( f e ll ow cou n t ry m a n kam
’
com p t r i ot
a n .
) kam pe e -t zi -a t ,
i
’
p ae t g a t
-
.

c om p ear v. ap pe a r in c ou rt [ als o , f or m e r ly , s pe lt compe er ]

k om p i zz , kom p i zz
’ ’
.

c om p e e r n ( t h e p e e r of a n ot h e r ; eq u a l ) kom p i zz , kam p i w ,
’ ’
.

’
k om - p i zz .

c o m p e l v c on s t r a in f or ce [ p as t p a rt i ci p le a n d pr e t e r i t com
. ,

pe l l e d c om pe l d ] k e m p e l
’
.
,

c o m p e l l a b l e a dj m m -bol
’
( p
c a a b l e o f b e i n g c o p e ld )
. k a p e l a .

c o m p e n d n ( c o m p e n d i u m s u
. m m a r y)
’
k om -
p e nd , .

c o m p e n d i o u s a dj k s m pe n d i s s
’
-
. .

c om p e n s a t e v ( m a k e u p f or ; a t on e ) kom p an s e t , kam p e n
’ ’
-
.

se t .

ca m p e n sa t iv e ad j . com p e n sa t ory [ a ls o sp e lt c om pen sa ti v ]

’
ka m p e n s s t i v -
.

c om p e t i b l e a d j ( ob s ol e t e ) a pp r op r ia t e ; com p e t e n t [ al so spe lt
.

com pe t a b l e ] k a m p e t a- b s l
’
.

m i m
’
c o p e t i t o r n ( o n e w h o .c o m p e t e s ; r v a l ) k a p e t i -t oz .

c om p l a c e n c e n ( s e l f s a t i s f a c t io. n ) k o m
’
p z e e --
san s .

c o m p l a c e n t a dj ( s e l f s a t i s f ie d ) k s m p e e c s on t
’
- -
. .

c om p l a i s a n c e n ( h a b it of p l e a s in g ; p olit e n e ss ) kam pL e c
’
.

k e m p L e z a zn s k om p L e z a zn s
’ ’
k e m p e s z on s
’
s on s ,
- -
, , .

c om p l a i s a n t m m
’
l i g) k k
’
a dj (p ’ e a s n s p
. L e e - an
s t , o p L o -z
an t ,
k oni p L e - z a zn t k o m p L e z a m t
’
.
,

c o m p l a n a t e a dj m m
’
) k k
’
( fl a t t e n d o p
. L s n e t , a p L e e -
net -
.

c om p l e c t v ( in t e rw e a v e ) kam p z e kt
’
. .

c om p l e m e n t i t ( f u ll a m ou n t ; w h a t i s la ck in g of comple t e
.

k om p e r m s n t
’
n e ss a s of a n a n gl e or a r e )
, c om p a r e c om -
.

pli m e n t .

c om p l e m e n t v ( a d d a c om p le m e n t t o ; com p l e t e ) komp L i
’
.

m a n t k om p e r m e n t c o m p ar e c om p l im e n t
’
. .
,

c om p l e x a dj ( n ot s im p l e ) k om p e e k s , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) ke m
’ ’
.

pe e ks .

c om p l e x n ( m l i d h l ) k m pL eks
’
a c o p . c a t e w o e o -
.

com p l e x e d adj com pl ic a t e d [ a l s o s pe lt c om pl ex t ] k om

.

k m p e e kst
' ’
p i c. k s t o ,
-
.

c om p l e x i o n n n a t u r e ; t e xt u r e or c ol or of t h e sk in [ al s o,
.

f orm e rly s p e lt com p l e c t ion ] kom p L e k San

,
’
.

c om p l i m e n t n f or m a l a ct of civ ilit y re spe ct or re ga rd

.
, ,

[ f o r m e r ly s p e l t c o m p l e m e n t ]
'
k o m p e r-
ms nt com p a r e c om .

ple m en t .

c om p l i m e n t v ( p ay a c om pl i m e n t t o ; f e licit a t e ) k om p L i
’
.

m s n t k om p m m e n t c om p a r e c o mp l e m e n t
’
. .
,

j ye ,c cu t e ; 6 t h e 0t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t S h e w , c
w w h e n ; r) S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool , i i t , 1 1 s e t
.

. f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o got
 DICTI O N ARY O F HARD W O RD S Il l

co m p l in n . la s t ca n on ica l h ou r [ a l s o s pe l t c om p li n e ] ke m
'

pu n.

m (j i m
’
co l
p ot 73 o .n t p lo t ) k o -
p L ot .

c o m p l ot v ( p lot t og e t h e r ) k om p L ot ka m p L ot
’ ’
. .
,

co m p o n e n t n ( con st it u e n t ) ka m poo n a n t
’
.
—
.

co m p or t v ( ag re e ; c on d u ct ) ka m pozz t
'
. .

com p os a n t n kom p a z an t s a m e m e a n 1 n g as cor p os a n t

’
-
. . .

com p o s a n t a dj ( com p on e n t con s t it u e n t ) kom poc z a n t

’
n .
, .
,
-
.

c o m p o s i t e a dj n com p ou n d [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e lt c omp os
.
, . , ,

i t ] k a m p oz xt k om pa z n , k om p a z e xt
’ ' ’
- -
, .

c o m p o s m e n t i s a dj ( of s ou n d m i n d ) k om pos me n t l s
’
-
. .

c om p os t n ( a m ixt u r e a s a f e r t iliz e r ; a c om p o) k om p ost

’
-
. , ,

k om post
’

m
.

co p o t e n s t e w e d f ru it ; c om p ot ie r [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e
.

c om p ot ] kom p ot
’
-
.

c o m p ot i e r n ( dish ) k om pot i e e ke m p ot i e e
’ ’
-
. .
,

c o m p ou n d v ( com b i n e ) ka m p a c n d
'
. .

c o m p ou n d a dj ( n ot s i m p le ) kom p a u n d ( ass u m pt iv ly ) k om
' '
.
,

p o u n d .

com m
’
p ou n d n k o .
-
p a o n d .

c o m p r a d or n ( ch ie f n a t iv s e r’v a n t ) k om ps a d ozz
'
. .

c o m p r e h e n s i b l e a dj k e m p s r h e n s a - b al . .

c om p r e h e n s i on ( i n clu s i on ; u n d e r s t a n d i n g ) k om ps x h e n
’
n .

San , k om ps x h e n t San
’
.

com p r e ss v p r e s s t og e t h e r ; con d e n s e [ p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d
.

p r e t e r 1 t c om p r e ss e d co m p r e s t ] k a m p s e s ,
’
.

c om p r e s s n
’
(p
. r e s s i n g p a d ; p r e ss i n g
-
d e v i c
-
e ) k o m -
ps s s .

m
’
p e ss d y l d k m d h k a m ps e s t h
'
co r e a v a p s e s r -
.
, .

m m
’
co p e s s i b l e a dj
r k a p a b al
-
s e s . .

c o m p r e s s or n [ a l s o r a r e ly s p e l t c o m p r e ss er ] k a m ps e saz
’
.
, , .

com p r i s e v in clu d e [ a l s o sp e lt c om p r iz e ] k a m p s a xz
’
. .

c o m p r om i s e n , v [ a l s o, f or m e rly , sp e lt com p r om is e ] k e m
’
. .

-m
p ea an .

c o m p r om i t v ( e n d a n ge r , c om p r om i se ) k om ps a m xt
’
. .

m i f
'
co pt e r n (p s
. r o n o r d e bt o r s ) k a o n -
t az s e e c ou n t er . .

c o m p t oi r n ( f or e ign a ge n cy or f ac t or y ) k on t w ozz , kon t w ozz

’ ’
. .

m
’
co pt o er l l r n k an t go l az
o -
. se e c on t r oll e r . .

c o m p u n c t i on n ( p r ick i n g of t h e con s cie n ce ; re gr e t ) ka m

.

pA iJ k S
’
an .

c o m p u r g a t or n ( i ) m
’
k m
’
w t n e s s . o p o e g e t a e , k a p a z z - e t ae
g
-
.

c o m p u t a b l e a dj ( b l ) k m b m b al
’ ’
c a l c u l a e. a pc c u -
t a -
a l k o pc c t a -
, .

c o m p u t a t i v e a dj gi v e n t o c om pu t a t ion [ a l s o sp e l t comp u
.

t a t iv ] k a m p cu u t a t i v k om p cou t a t i v , k e m p cc -t e t xv
' ’ ’
- - - -
, .

c: l aw . fu r,
a: a ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a sk , 8 ! k i t e
le n gt h -m a r k I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d I S l on g ,

st r e ss -m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h i e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ollow r n g syl l a b l e .
l l2 DICTIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

c om r a d e
'
( compa n ion ) kom d , kom z ad , kom Iu m
’ ’
n. -
zz -z e d; ’

ka m z ad kA m -z e d
’
z ae d ,
’
, .

C o m t i a n a dj [ a lso spe lt C om te a n ] kont i-an , ke mt i-a n ,

.
’ '

k on t i-an
’
.

c on v d i r e ct ( a n y on e ) h ow t o st e e r ; d ire ct t h e st ee ring of
.

( a s hip ) [ a ls o s p e lt con n , kim ; p ast pa rt rcrple a n d pre t e r rt

c on n e d c a n d ] k a n k e n
, , .

c o n a t i v e a dj e x e r t iv [ a l s o sp e l t c on a t iv ] k e n a t rv , koo-n a
'
- ’
.

t xv .

’
c on c a k onka
n. s e e c on c h a . .

c on c a v e a dj ( i n cu rv d , h oll ow ) k on k e e v , ( as su mptiv ly) ke n

’ '
.

k e v ; ( a ls o, l e ss r o e r ly ) kon- k ev
’
p p .

c on c e a l v h id e [ p a st pa rt i c i p le c on ce a le d, c onceald ] kan
.

s l il
’
.

c on c e d e v ( gr a n t ; a llow ) k an s xid
’
. .

c on c e i t n ( con ce pt i on ; a n cy ; v a n ity ) k an s xit

.
’
f .

c on c e i v e v ( b e com e p r e g n a n t ; im a gin ; t h in k ) [ p ast part rcr

.

ple c on c e iv e d , c on ce iv d ] k an s xiv
’
.

c on ce n t e r v b r in g t o a com m on ce n t e r ;
. ocu s [ a lso spe lt f
c on c e n t r e ; p a s t p a r t rcrp l e c on ce n t e r e d, c on cen t erd ] kan
’
se ntse .

c on c e n t r a t e v ( ocu s ; r e ct i y ) k on san t ge t , ka n s e n -txe t

. f f ’
-
’
.

’ '
c o n c e n t r a t e a dj k a n se n t re t , k an s e n t ga t , kon sa n -t x
’
n -
.
, et . .

c on c e n t r a t i v e a dj [ a l s o sp e l t c on ce n t r a t iv ] k an se n t ga-t ry
’
. .

c on c e p t i b l e a d j
’
ob s ol e t e ( c on ce i v a b l e ) k a n se p t a -b al
. .

c on c e r t n ( h a r m on y ; m u s ica l p e r or m a n ce ; con s ort ) ke n

.
'
f
s ae t .

c on c e r t v ( con t r iv e m u t u a l l ) k a n s nzz t
. y ’
.

m i i ) k S k
’ ’
c on c e r t o n ( c o n c e r t ; c o
.
p o s t o n a n t e zz -
t o , an s e zt -
ta .

c on c h n ( s he ll ) k onk ; ( er r on e ou s ly ) k e n t S
. .

c on c h a n sh e ll ; d om e d r oo ; a ps e ; cov e ; t h e ou t e r e ar [ a ls o,
. f
In t he a r ch i t e ct u r a l s e n s e s , sp e lt c on ca ; pl u ra l con ch ae ,
con c a s ] k onk a
’
.

c o n ch i o l i n n or ga n ic r e s idu u m of a sh e ll [ a ls o sp e lt con
.

chy ol i n ] k on k ai a l m , k on k a i a- h n
’ ’
- - —
.

co n c h o i d n ( ) d n k ord
' '
c u rv e k o n -k .e i , k o -
.

c o n ch o l o g y n ( i
'
f h l l ) k k l d k k l
’
s c e n c e o s e s . e n o a -
x
s , on o a -
d sl .

c on c h y l i u m n s h e ll of a m oll u sk ; con c h [ pl u ra l con chy lia ]

.

k on k xl i a m , k on k t l i-a m
’ '
-
.

c on c i e r g e n ( w a r d e n ; d oork e e pe r ; j a n it or ) k onm e zz s
. .

c o n c i s e a dj ( b r ie ) kan s a xs
’
. f .

c on cl a v e n ( r o o m ; a s s e m . b l y)
’
k o n -
k L e v ,
’
k o n kL e v
-
.

c o n c l u d a b l e a dj [ ]
’
a l s o s p t
e l c o n c l u d i bl.e k a n k h u u -d a-b a
l .

j c cu e ; a t h e , 9 t hi n
ye , r 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t S he w c
to w h e n ; n sw y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , 1 1 s e t f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov er , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e
ll 4 DI C T I O NARY O F HARD WORD S
di g n a dj ( w ort hy ; m e rit e d ) ka n d oxn , ( s om e ti mes, as
’
c on .

s u mpt iv ly ) k on -d om
'
.

c on d i t e v ( ob s ol e t e ) p ickle ; e m b al m ; se as on [ a lso, som e

.

t im e s sp e l t con d it ] k an d a xt
’
ke n d i t
'
, , .

c on di t e a dj r a r e ( p u t t oge t h e r ) k on d a xt , k e n d xt
' '
.
-
.

c on d ol e n c e n ( p i f m h y) k
’
e x r e s s o n o . sy p a t a n d o o-l a n
s ; ( l e ss
p r op e r ly ) k on da lan s
’
-
.

c on d or n ( b i r d ) k on d e z
’
. .

c o n d u c i v e a dj m i [ l l i ] k d j
’
p r o o t v a s o. s p e t c o n d uc v a n ou -arv .

c on d u c t v ( le a d gu id e ; m an a ge ) k a n d A kt
’
.
, .

c on d u c t n ( l e a d i n
.
g ; m a n a ge m e n t ; b e h a v i or )
'
k e n d A kt , ke n
- ’

d akt .

c on d u c t i v e a dj ( l e a d in g or con du ct in g h e at , e l e ct r ici ty .
.

e t c ) k a n d A k t xv
’
. .

c on d u i t n ch a n n e l ; p as s a g e [ a l s o s p e lt c on di t ] k e n d rt , km
' ’
.

d I t ; ( l e s s p r op er ly ) k on d w rt
’
.

c on d y l e n p r oce ss [ a l s o s p e l t con dy l ] k e n d xl ; ( l e ss p r op er l
’
.
y)
k on d a xl
’
-
.

c o n f e c t i o n a r y a dj ( of a con f e ct ion or sw e e t m e at ) kon i ck

’
.

' '
S k k S k f S
’
e n-
e z r a n,
f e a n az r a n e k a n a -
e x -
k a n f e k S zx
a -n
, , .

c on f e c t i o n a r y n ( c on f e ct i on e r ; p l ace w h e re con fect i on s

.

a r e k e p t or m a d e ; s w e e t m e a t ; con f e ct ion e r s a rt ) kan fe k

’ ’

Sa - n s e x, e t c.

f e c t i o n e r y n c on f e ct ion s ; con f e ct ion e r s a rt ; con f ec

’
c on .

t ion e ry s h op [ a l s o s p e l t con e c t ion ar y ] k an f e k S

-
’
a-n s e x, e t cf .

)
'
c on f e d e r a c y n ( l e a g u e ; a lli a n c .e k an f e d a z a -
sx .

'
c o n f e s s e d l y a dv k an f e s x dh .
-
.

c on f e s s o r n ( on e w h o con f e ss e s ; on e w h o h e a rs con f e s
.

s i on s ; a mi s t ) k a n f e s az
'
y) k f e s az
’
( r a r e l o n -
, .

c on f i d a n t n ( c o n f i d e n t i.a l f r i e n d )
’
k o n f x -
d n t k on f x d a zn t ,
'
,
'
k on f l d ae zn t k oa d a zn t
'
-
.
,

c on f i d a n t e n ( f e m a l e c o n f i.d a n t )
'
k o u f i -
d u t , kon f x d e zn t ,
'

k on f l d aczn t
’
.

d nt
'
c o n f i d e n t a dj ( a s s u r e d ; b o l d ). k o n f r -
.

( b ou n d ; r e st r ict ) k an f a m
’
con f i n e v . .

c o n f in e n ( l i m i t ; b
. o u n d ; f r o n t i e r )
’
k o n -f am .

f n
'
j k l k n l as
’
con f i n e l e s s a d a n n t -
n a s o n .
-
, .

( s e i z e ) k o a s k e t k a n f I ske t
' '
c on f i s c a t e v .
-
,
-
.

k ou f r- sk e t oz
’
c o n f i s ca t o r n . .

’
k f k f
’
c on f l a g r a t e v ( b p) o a t an e g t
n e - ee
u r n u .L g e e L -
, .

i i i k f kt
’
c on f l i c t v ( d b )
‘

c o n t e n .
; e n o pp o s t o n a n u .

f m
’
c on f l i ct n (c o m b a t ;
. d i s c o r d ) k o n k t 0 .

c on f l u e n c e n (a f l o w i n g t o g
. e t h e r )
’
k o n f L u -a n
s .

j ye , c cu r e ; b the , 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s hoe , t S h e w ;
9 t h in c
to w he n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , u s e e ; f f
c p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b ut , 0: d oor, s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e
 DI CTI O NARY O F HARD WORD S l lS

c on fl
’
t n k on f L u a n t
u en .
-
.

c o n f r e r e n col l e a g [ a l s o s p e l t con r er e ] k on f s e zz , kon - fs e zz

.
’ '
f .

C on f u c i a n a dj ( of C on u ciu s ) ka n f cou Sa n . f ’
-
.

i i i d m
’
c o n f u s on n ( r u n ; d s or e r ; t u
. u l t ) k a n f c ou -
san .

é ( l h k n s , k on dsl i , kon
’ ’ ’
co gn n e a v e.
; a p p yg )
o e ons ,e e k oo - e

'
d se e .

co n gee l e av e t o d e p a r t ; l e a v e - t a k i n g [ sy n on y m ou s cog
n.

o g ] k d si k a n d si
’ ’
n t
a e c n é o n -
,
-
.

( m e m b e r of t h e sa m e ge n u s or cl a ss ) k a n dsxi
’
c on g e n e r n .

’ '
na ,e k o n d 3 1 n a z ( a y)
r r e l -
k o n -
d se n az , .

'
c on g e n i a l a dj ( ki n d r e d ; a gre e ab l e ) ka n d sri n j al , kan dsxi
’
-
.

u i - al .

'
i t x, k a n d si n j ae h t x
’
c on g e n i a l i ty n k an -
ds i n ae h -
.
-
.

'
c o n g e r -e e l n k on d saz xil k ongaz I ii
’
- -
. ,
.

c on g e r i e s n c oll e ct i on ; aggr e ga t ion [ p l u ra l c on g e r i es ] ka n

.

d sl z-a i- i zz
'
.

( coll e ct or f or m in t o a gl ob e or b a ll ) k on gla
’
c on g l ob a t e v .

’
be ,t k e n g l a o -
bet .

’ ’
c o g ob
n l a t e a jd ( r o u n d e d ; g l o b u l a r ) .k o n g l a -
b e t , k on gl a o
bet .

m [
’
co g
n l u t i n n a l b u i n o i d . a l s o s p e l t c o n g l u t i n e ] k a n g l uu -
t xn .

( a s s e m b l e ) k ongz x ge t
’
c on g r e g a t e v .
-
.

m i g t oge t h e r ; a s s e m b l y ) k e gge rs , kon

’
(
'
c on g r e s s n a c o n .

ge e s .

( com e t og e t h e r ) k a n gz e s ; ( m e e t in )
’
c on g r e s s v. con g re s s
'
k on ge e s -
.

j k a n gz e Sa n l
’
c o n g r e s s i on a l ad .
-
.

( a cc or d a n ce ) k ongz u a n s
’
c on g r u e n c e n .
-
.

c on g r u e n c y n
'
k ongz u an - s i ; ( l e s s . r o e r ly ) kan gz u u -a n - s i
’
-
p p .

’
c on g r u e n t a d j k e ngau an t .
-
.

c on g r u i t y n ( a cc o r d ; i t n.e s s ) k o n
'
g z u u I -
tx f -
.

c on g r u ou s l y a dv k ongz u - as h
’
-
.

c on i c a d j ( c on e sh a p e d ; of a c on e ) kom k ; ( i m r o e r ly )
-
.
'
p p
k oo- m k
’
.

c o n i c a l a dj
’
( c on e s h a p e d ; c on ic ) k on I kal
.
- -
.

i f ( i m f az
’
b l ) k f
'
co n e r n c o n e . e a r n g p a n t o n I - -
a z ,
k oo - -
.

i i i em s a m e m e a n i n g a s c a n in e
'
co n n e n k oo n .
- —
. .

c on i n e n con i a , a n a l k a l oi d [ a l s o
. s om e t i m e s sp e l t con in ; , ,

s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s c on fi n e k oo u m
’
con e i n e ] koo- n a m
'
-
, , .

c on i u m n ( h e m l o .c k ) k o
'
n a i e m ; ( l e s s r o e r l y)
’
k o o n i -
em -
p p -
.

c on j e e n r ic e w a t e r ; gr u e l [ a l s o sp e lt con g e e ]
’
.
-
kon d si -
.

c o n j u g a l a dj ( f m i m i m i )
’
o a r r a g ;
e . a t r o n a l k o n d s gal
o -
.

c o n j u g i a l a dj ( c on j u ga l ) k a n d su u d si ai
’
- -
. .

0: l aw , a : f u r , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , on n ow a : a sk , a t k it e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d 18 l on g ;
st ess m a rk
r - 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch i e s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g syllabl e f .
 D IC T I O NARY O F HAR D WORD S
c on j u n ct i v a n ( o u t e r e y e m
. e m b r a n e ) k o n d s nx k t
-
a r -v a
, kon
-
'

d 3 A e t 1 i- v 9 k an dsA nkt x- v a
’ ’
.
,

c on j u n c t i v i t i s n k a n dsm kt x v a t t xs , k an d sA nkt x v xi-t t s

' '
- - -
. .

c on j u r a t or n ( f e ll ow con s p ir a t or ) k e n d sa -z e t az
’
. .

c on j u r e v ( p ra ct is t h e a rt s of a conj u re r ; a ffect or e f f ect

.

’
b y m a g ic e t c ) k on d saz k a n dsaz
’
,
.
, .

c on j u r e v ( sw e a r t oge t h e r ; con spire , plot ; sol emnly e n

.

t re at , a b j u rc ) k an d su zz
’
.

c on j u r e r n e n ch a n t e r , ma gici a n ; j u ggl e r [ a l s o s pe l t con u

.

’
j
r or ] d k d
’
k o n s o -
z az a n a -
s z az , .

c on j u r e r n on e b ou n d b y a n oa t h ; conj u ra t or , con spira t or ;

.

on e w h o e n j oi n s [ al s o s pe l t c on j u r or ] ka n d su z-z az
’
.

i l ) k
’
i
’
c on n a t e a d j ( n b o r .n c o n g e n t a ; c o g ,
n a t e o -n e
t , ke n e e t .

c on n e c t or n [ a l s o s p e l t c on n e c t or ] k a n e k t az
’
. .

c on n e c t i on n a j oin i n g t og e t h e r ; r e l a t ion [ a l s o spe lt con

.

n e x i on ] k a n e k S
’
an .

i ] k S ’nl
’
c on n e c t i o n a l a dj [ a l s o s p e l t c o n
. n e x o n a l k a n e a -
.

c on n e c t i v e a d j c on n e c t i n g [ a l s o sp e l t c on n ec t iv ] ka n e kt rv
. .

'
k k
' ’
c on n e l l i t e n ( m i n e r.a l ) k o n a -
l a x t , o n e -
l a x t , e n e l —
axt .

'
( in sp e ct or ) k on az k a n az ’
’
c on n e r n . , .

c on n e r n ( o
. n e w h o c o n s ; s t u d e n t ) k o n a z .

( b a lk e r ) kon az k A naz s e e u n d e r c on d er
’ ’
c on n e r n . ,
. .

( f is h ) k A n a z s a m e m e a n i n g a s cu n n er
’
c on n e r 11 . . .

c on n e xi v e a dj c on d it i on a l ; . c on j u n ct iv ; con n e ct iv [ also
s pe lt c on n e x iv ] k a n e k s xv
’
.

c on n e xi v u m n a b d om i n al b or d e r i n b u g s [ pl ura l con n e xiva ]

.

k on e k s n r v a m
’
—
.

c on n i v e n c e n a ct of c on n iv in g ;
. w i n ki n g a t w ron g [ al so
’
s p e l t c on n iv a n ce ] k a n e I v a n s -
.

( on e v e r st in a su b j e ct ; crit ic) kon a s s zz ,

’
c on n oi s s e u r n .

k om s cu zz
' ’
k on a- s cu z
, .

'

[ als o s p e lt con n ot a t iv ] k a n oo t a t l v , kon a

'
c on n ot a t i v e a dj .
- -

t e t xv .

c on q u er v . a cq u ir e or ov e rcom eb y f or ce [ p a st pa r t rcrpl e an d
’
p r e t e r 1 t c on q u e r e d c on q u er d ] k onkaz , .

c on q u e s t n ( a cq u is it i on ; v ict ory e t c ) k on- kw e st k onkw xst

’ ’
. .
, ,

c on s a n g u i n i t y n ( d i i p) k m
’
b l o o -
r e l a t o n s h . on sz
e n g w x-
t x, k or
sa n gw m r- t l
'
.

c on s c i e n c e n ( k n ow l e dge , e s pe cial ly of ri gh t a n d w ror

.

'
k on S k on t S
'
an s , ans .

c on s c i e n t i ou s a dj ( scru pu l ou s ) kon Si e n Sas, kon t Si e r

' ’
.

k on s i e n S a s k on s i e n t S
' '
, as .

c on s c i on a h l e a dj ( i S
’
i k b al k on t S
’
c o n s c e n t o u s ) o n a .n a -
an ,

j c cu r e ; a t h e 0t h in : 3 a s u r e d z j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc
’
ye , . ,

w w h e n ; 1) S i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 ull , ou ool , I i t , 1 f f
. '

0 poe t1c ; c ov er , e ae ri al, A b u t , a: d oor, s o n o, e b e d , e e

IIB DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
c on s t a t n ( ce rt i ica t e ) ke n - s tz t
. f ’
.

( e s t a b lis h ; st a t e ) kan st e e t
’
c on s t a t e v . .

f
'
c on s t e l l a t e v ( u n i t e as s t a rs ). k a n s t e l e t , k o n s t x-l e t .

c on s t e l l a t i on n (g r o u p o f i x t s t a r s ). k e n s t x
'
l e e S
- an f .

st t S
' ’
c on s t i t u e n c y n ka st t cu a s x, k
n x - n - a n . t u eu sx
- -
.

’
c on s t i t u e n t a dj ( c o m p on e n t ; e l e ct i v ) . k a n s t xt S-
u -a n
t , k an
'
s t xt cu -s n t .

c on s t r u c t j ( c o n s t r ad
u c t e d ; c on n e ct. e d a s g ov e r n in g n ou n

t o n ou n gov e r n d ) k an s t ga kt ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) k e n st u k t
’ ’
-
.
,

c on s t r u c t v ( p u t t oge t h e r ; b u i ld ) kan st u kt
’
. .

( com ple x f orm d in t h e m in d ) k on stxakt

'
c on s t r u ct n .
-
.

( c om b i n e ; in t e rp re t ) ka n s t guu k e n atzu
' ’
c on s t r u e v .
,
-
.

’
con su e t u d e n ( c u s t o m ; u s e ; s oci a l
. i nt e rcou r se ) k on su n
t cu d .

l n ( m a gis t r a t e ; f or e ign age n t ) k on sal

’
c on s u . .

( a s k a d v ice of c on f e r ) k a n s a l t
’
c on s u l t v . .

’
k
’
c on s u l t n ( c o n s u.l t a t i on ; c a b a l ; d e cr e e ) k a n s a l t on -s Al t , .

a d v is or y [ al so sp e lt con s u l t a tiv ] ka n sA l
’
c on s u l t a t i v e a dj .

t a- t t v .

me scuu m
’
c on s u v. ( m ake a w ay w i t h ; d e v ou r ; sp e n d ) kan ;
( d ia l ec t a lly )
’
ka n suu m .

mm ( c om pl e t e ; p e r f e ct ) k on sa m e t kan sa m ct
’ ’
c on su a t e v. -
, .

c on su m m m -m
’ '
a t e a dj (c om l
p t )
e e k a n S A xt k
. o n sa xt , .

c on s u m m k on t sa m e t az ; ( imp r oper ly )
’
k on s a m e t az
'
a t or n .
-
,
-

’
k an sa - m e t az .

m p t i o n n ( a w a st i n g a w a y ) kan s a m p S
’
c on s u . an .

( f ct ou s con t a t , )
’
c on t a g i on n i n e i . c e t c k a n t e e -
dsan . .

( i n f e ct iou s b y con t act ; n oxi ou s ) kan t e e

’
c o n t a g i ou s a dj .

d sa s .

c on t a gi u m n m at e r ia l b a s is of in f e ct ion [ p l u ral con t agia]

.

k ou t e o- dsi a m
'
-
.

h y m n [ p lu ra l con t a k ia ] k an t e e ki-s n , kan tw

’
c on t a k i on n
’
-
.

k i-a n .

con t a m i n a t e v ( d e f il e ; t a i n t ) k a
. n
’
t aa m t -n c t
.

c on t e m n v ( t r e at a s c on t e m pt ib l e ; d e spise ) k an t e m
’
. .

c on t e m n e d a dj ( d e sp is e d ) ka n t e m d ; ( for m e r ly ) kan t e m
’ ’
.

md .

c on t e m n e r d e s p i s e r [ al s o s p e l t con t e m n or ] k an t e m az ,
'
n .

kan t e m n az
'
.

c o n t e m n i n g l y a dv ( con t e m pt u ou sly ) ka n t e m m h kan t e m

’ ’
-
.
,

u m-h .

c on t e m p l a t e v ( m i i m kan t e m
’
d d k
’
e t a t e ; n t e n.
) o n t o -
pe e t ,

p L et .

i ye , c cu r e ; ot h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
11) w h e n ; r) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , 1 1 s e e ; , f f o

o oe t i c ; s oy e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
p
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
t em p l a t i v e a dj , n [ als o c on t e m pl a t iv ] kan te m
’
c on . . s p e lt

m
’
p e a t rv ,
k on t o -
pL e t xv .

t e m p l a t or n k on t am p a e t ae , k a n t e m - p a e t ae
’ '
c on .
-
.

c on t e m p or a n e i t y m i k t e m paz a n ri
'
n ( c on t e p or a r n e s s ) an - .

I -t r .

t e m p t n ( di sd a i n ) ka n t e m p t
’
c on . .

c on t e m p t i b l e a d j
’
( d e s p ica b l e , e t c ) k an t e m pt a b s l . .
-
.

c on t e m p t u ou s a dj ( s cor n u l ) k e n t e m p t Su as , k an t e m p
’ ’
. f -

t cu a s-
.

ad j ( sa t is f ie d c on t e n t e d ) ka n
’
c on t en t .
, te nt .

‘
( on e
’
c on t e n t n . w ho v ot e s c on t e n t : t he op p os i t of n on

) ka n t e n t
’
c on t e n t .

c o n t e n t v ( s a t is fy ) k an t e n t
’
. .

( con t e n t e d s t a t e of m i n d ; con t e n t m e n t ) kan t e n t

'
c on t e n t n . .

co n t e n t n ( t h a t w hich is con t a i n d : of t e n u s e d m t h e plu r

.

a l z a s t a b l e of
" c on t e n t s ) kon t e n t ka n t e n t
’
-
’
, , .

c o n t e n t i ou s a dj ( q u a r r e l s om e ) ka n t e n Sa s k on t e n t Sa s
' '
. .
,

( s t r i f e ; d i sp u t e ) k on t e s t
’
c on t e s t n -
. .

( s t ri v e f or ; opp os e ) ka n t e st
’
c on t e s t v . .

( con n e ct e d t e xt ) kon t e ks t
’
c on t e x t n .
-
.

c o n t e x t v a dj ( ob s ol e t e ) ka n t e ks t
’
. . .
,

j
’
co n t i g u i t y n ( c o n t a c t ; p r ox i m.i t y ) k on t r g u u -
r t r -
.

( t ou chi n g ) kan t xgj u a s

’
c on t i g u ou s a dj
-
. .

c on t i n e n t a dj ( h old i n g i n ; s e l f r e s t r a in i n g ; con t inu ou s )

.
-

k on t n - an t , kon t r- n a n t
' ’
.

c on t i n e n t n ( con t a i n in g age n t ; con t in u ou s la n d ; mai n

.
-

l a n d ) k on t n -a n t , k on t x- n a n t
' ’
.

’
c on t i n e n t a l a dj
'
k on t n e n t l , k on t r n e n t l . .

j
’
c on t i n u i t y n ( c on t i n u o u s n e s s ) k o.n t x n u u - -
l t r .

c o n t i n u u m n c on t i n u ou s t h i n g [ p l u r a l c on t i n u a ] k an t xn j u
’
.

am .
’
k on t u zz , kan t u zz
( ou t lin e )
’
c ont ou r n. -
.

c on t ou r v . f
u r n i s h w it h c on t ou r s ; a d ap t t o a c on t ou r [ p as t
’
p a r t i c i pl e a n d p re t e r 1 t con t ou r e d , c on t ou r d ] kan t u zz .

( d r a w t oge t h e r ; a gr e e ) kan t ga kt
’
c on t r a c t v . .

c o n t r a c t a dj ( con t ra ct e d ; b ri e ) k an t rae kt
.
’
f .

c on t r a ct n ( s om e t h i n g con t r a ct e d or s h ru n ke n ; a con t rae

. .

t i on ; a n a b b r e v ia t i on ) k a n t ga kt
’
.

c on t r a c t n ( a gr e e m e n t ) k on t gw k t
’
-
. .

c o n t r a c t a b l e a dj ( l i ab l e t o b e c on t ra ct e d or a cq u ire d , a s a
.

i
’
d se s a e o r h i
ab t ) k a n t g kt b al
az a -
.

c on t r a c t i b l e a dj c a p a b l e of c on t r act in g ; con t r a ct il [ a l s o,
.

for m e r l y
s p e l t c on t r a c t a b l e ] k a n t ga kt a b al
,
’
-
.

0: l a w , a : f u r , a: c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow , u : a sk, a t kit e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt m a r k
h - i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d rs l on g ;

t r ss m a rk
e -
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e .
 120 DICTIO NARY O F HARD WORD S
c on t r a c t i l e adj susce pt ib le of con t ract ion [ al so s pe lt con
.

t r a c t il ] k a n t x a kt xl , k an t gaek -t a rl
’ '
.

c on t r a l t o n ( par t or v oice n e xt a b ov e t h e a lt o ; si nge r ) ka n

.

t gml t o, k e n t gu zl - t o
' ’
.

i i ) i
’
c on t r a r i e t y n ( pp
o o s t o n k a .n t g a z a r tr
- -
.

a dj ( pp
'
c on t r a r y O o s i t ) k .e n -
t ge z r , ( a l s o )
'
k e n t x a-z r
, ( an t e
r i or ly )
’ ’
k on t xs z r, ( r a i dly ) ke n t gr ; ( occas i on a ll y or vu lga r p
ly ) k an t ge z z r
’
-
.

con t r a r y v ( pp
o os e ) .
’
k e n -
t ge z r ; ( o r m e r ly) k a n
’
t x sr
e z-
f .

’
( se t i n O ppos it ion ) kan txazs t , kan tzc zst , ka n
’
con t r a s t v .

’
t ga zs t .

t r a s t n ( opp os it i on ) kon t ga zs t , k e n t gast

' ’
con .
-
.

c on t r e t e m p s n ( d h i ’
u n t o w a r e.v e n t ; t c h ) k o n t g a -t or
) .

c on t r i b u t e v ( gi v e w it h ot h e r s ) k a n t grb j ut
’
. .

c o n t r i t e a dj ( pe n it e n t ) k on t ra xt ; ( l e ss r o er ly ) kan txa rt
.
’
-
’
p p .

c on t r o l v d i r e ct , g ov e r n [ a l s o s pe lt c on t r ou l ; p re s e n t por
.

t xc rp l e con tr ol l in g ; p ast p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r rt con t r olle d,

k a n t gool
’
c on t r ol d ] .

co n t r o l l e r n . f
i n a n cial o ice r ; a l s o, on e w ho con t rol s or ff
r e s t r a i n s [ a l s o s p e l t , m t h e s e n s e of a n o ice r , com tr ol ff p
l e r ] k an t goo- l az
'
.

c on t r o l m e n t n ) k m
’
( c o n t r o l a n
. t g o o l -
a nt .

'
c on t r ov e r s i a l a dj ( of con t r ov e r sy ) kon t ga v s z Sol ; ( less
.

p p
r o e r ly ) k on t ga v e z s i- al
’
.

'
c o n t r ov e r s y n ( d i s p u t a t i o n. ) k o n t a
g v az sr
-
.

’ ’
c on t r ov e r t v ( d spu t ) k o t ra a z t , o ga v s z t
i e . n v z k n t -
.

c o n t r ov e t i b l e a dj k
’
r o n t ga v s t a b al
z -
. .

c o n t u m a cy n ( s t u b b o rn . n e ss )
’
k o n t c u m a - r
s ; ( im r oper ly ) p
’
k an t cu u - m a s x -
.

c on t u m e l i u s a d j i -l i-a
'
( i n s o l e n t ) k o n
. t c u m r s .

con t u m e l y n ( i n s o l e n c.e ; i n s u l t )
’
k o n t c u - m il r
; ( i m r o e r ly) p p
-m
m
’
k k
’
m h lr
’
k o t cu
n l
e r,-
o n -
t c u , o n t o u I -
.

c o n u s a n t a dj
k onj u - z an t , k e n r-z an t
’
ob s ol e t e ( c og n iz a n t )
’
. .

( gra d u a l r e c ov e ry ) k on v a l e san s
’
c on v a l e s c e n s e n . .

c on v e n a b l e a d j i b l
’
( su t a e , p p ,
r.o e r m e e t ) k on v rn a -
b al .

c o n v e n a b l e a dj ( p
c a a b l e o f .b e i n g c o n v e n e d ) k a n
’
v r i -n
a -
b al .

c on v e n i e n c e n ( i t n e ss ; c o
. m o rt f ) k a n
'
v r i -n
j a n s , fk a n
’
v ri -
ui
an s .

’
c on v e n t i cl e n ( . a s s e m b ly ) k an v e n t r- kal .

c on v e n t i o n a l i z a t i o n k an S S
’
n. -v
e n a n l t z e c- a n ,
—
kan -v e n S
anl
‘
a l z e e - an S .

t i on a l i z e ( re n d e r ) con v e n ti on a l
k
’
c on v e n v . a n v e n S a n l -
a xz .

)
’
c o n v e n t u a l a dj . ( o f a c on v e n t k an v e n t S
u -
al k on
’
v e n t e al
n -
, .

j c
ye , cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
w w h e n ; 1) S i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , 0 ul l , on ool , r it , ri s e e ; f f
0 poe t i c ; a ove r , e ae ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
 l 22 D I CTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
c oo v .m u r m ur, as a d ov e [ p a s t pa rt rcrple and p re t e rrt cooe d ,
c oa d ] k uu .

c oc k y n. flat ca k e [ also s pe l t cookey , c ookie ; pl ural cook

i e s ] k uk x
'
.

[ l l y] k
’
c oo l i e n l a b .o r e r a s o s p e t c oo l u u -
h .

c ool l y a dv ( i n a c
. oo l m a n n e r )
’
k u u l -l x .

c o om b n v a ll e y [ a l s o s p e lt co m b , com b e , c oa m ] kuu m, koc m

.
. .

c o om b n d ry m e a s u r e [ a l s o s p e lt com b ] k uu m , koom
. .

c oo p i n t e r j ( a c a ll for d om e s t ic an i m al s ; a ca ll i n th e gam e
.

of coop a n d se e k ) k u p ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) k u u p p p .

-m e a s u r e
c oop n ( g , p ;
c
. a e e n ca s k , b a rre l ; c o r n ; cart ) kuu p ;
( d ia l e c t a lly ) k up .

c o op v p u t i n t o a coop or ca g e ; s h u t u p [ p as t pa rt rcrple a n d
.

p r e t e r i t c o o e d , c oo t p
] k u u p ; ( w h e n pu n s t r e s t ) k u p ; ( d i al ec t

a l ly ) k u p .

c o op e r n ( on e w h o m a k e s b a rre ls , e t c ; a ls o, a b ev e rage )
. .

k u u - paz ; ( d ia le c t a l ly ) k op az
’ ’
.

c o op e r a t e v w or k t og e t h e r ;
. op e r a t e j oi n t l y [ als o spe lt
p
c o- o e r a t e , c ob pe r a t e ] k o op a-z e t
’
.

c p a b
o i a n b a l sa m
. [ ys n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e c o a i v a ] k o
’
p e e -b a, p
’
k o p a I-b a , k o p ri -b a
’
.

( r e sin ) koo p al , k o paci

’ ’
c op a l n .
-
.

’
c op a r c e n e r n ( c o h e i r , p a r.c e n e r ) k o p a e s r-
n az .

c op e c k n [ also sp e lt ko e ck ko e k ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e co
. p , p
p e e k]
’
koo- p e k .

o
c p p e o d n o a r -
. f
oot e d c r u s t ac e a n ; cope p od a n [ p l ur a l co e p
p ,
p p
ods c o e od a ] ka o- p r- p e d
’
.

c op e p o d a n or d e r of c r u st a c e a ; pl ur al of co e od [ sy n on y
. p p
m ou s c ogn a t e co o od a ] k a p e p a - d a
’
p p .

c op p e d a dj p oin t e d , c r e s t e d [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s pe l t c o t]
. p
k e p t , k op rd
'
.

c op p e r a s n ( e r r o u s. s u l f
f a t e )
’
k e p z as
a -
.

c o p p i c e n w ood , t h ick e t [ a l s o s pe lt c oppis ; s y n on y m ou s cog

.

n at e co s e ] p’
k op rs .

cop s n cl e v is [ a l s o sp e l t c o s e ] k op s
. p .

c op s e n k op s
. sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s co
. ic e pp .

c op y n t r a n s cr ipt ; sp e c i m e n ; s e t : ori gi n a l w r it i n g [ pl ural

.

p
c o ie s ]
'
k op r .

c oq u e t v . f
l irt ; d ail y ; t r i l e [ a l s o s pe l t c oq u e t t e ] k o k s t f ’
.

c oq u e t r y n
’
k oo-k a- t gr ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) k o k e t gr
.
’
p p .

coq u e t t e n . f
l i r t [ a l s o s p e t c oq u e t ] k o k s t
’
.

c oq u i m b i t e n ( m i n e r a l ) k. o
’
k n n -b
a rt ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) ko p p
'
k l m m b nrt -
.

j ye,c cu r e ; b t h e 6 t hin 3 a z u re d z j oy ; Ss h oe , t S he w : . . , c
in w h e n ; 1) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r ea ct 0 ull , ou ool , r i t , l l se e ; . f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a eri al , a b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DI C T I O NARY O F HARD WORD S 123

i n a n ( s oft h it e r ock ) ko k ri-n a

’
co q u . w .

'
p la i n ; u n d y e d : s a i d of s il k [ a ls o sp e l t c or a ] ka
’

c o r a h a dj .

za .

cor a l n. ( p ol yp -
s k e l e t on f or m a t ion )k e z al
'
.

co r a l e d ad j . f u r n is h t w it h cor al [ als o s pe l t c or al l e d , cor al d ]

k oz al d
’
.

c o r a l l i n n ( d y e ; pa e on in ) k oz a - l m
’
. .

co r a l a n s e a w e e d ; p ol y z oa n
.
[ a ls o, s om e t i me s , sp e l t co
r a ll in ] koz e - l m , k oz a-l a m
’ ’
.

c o r a l l i n e a d j o f c or a l [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , s p e l t c or a ll i n ] k oz a
’
.

l rn k oz a l a m
’
-
.
,

c or b e i l n g a b i o n ; .b a s k e t -l i k
e or n a m e n t [ a l so sp e l t cor
'
b e ill e ] k ozz -b al , k ozz b il , k oz b e e - i
' ’
-
.

co br e l su p p o t i g pi e ce p r oj e ct in g r om a w a ll [ a ls o spe lt f
-
n . r n

c or b e l l ] k e zz -b al
'
.

cor b el v [ p r e s e n t p a r t rc rple c or b e l in g, cor b e ll in g ; p a s t pur

.

t 1 c 1 p l e a n d pr e t e r i t c or b e l e d , c or b e l l e d , cor b e l d ] k ozz -b al
’
.

c or b e l i n g n [ l l g] k m ’
’
a s o s p e t c o
. r b e ll i n o zz -
b a -l
.

c or b i e n r a v e n ; ca rr i on c r ow
.
[ a l s o s p e t co b y ]
l r k o zz -b
t .

c o r d n s t r i n g r op e [ i n ce r t a in s e n s e s comm on ly sp e l t c h or d
.
,

s e e c h or d ] k ozad
’
.

c or d e l l e n ( t ow l i n e ) kozz d al k oz d e l
’ ’
- -
. .
,

cor d i a l a dj ( k di al
’ ’
o f t h e h e. a r t , c h e e r i n g) k o zz -
d a
s , l e zz - -

k o zz dj al
'
-
.

c o r di a l n m i
'
( i li k d k d - l
’
s t o ac . h c ; q u e u r ) o zz -
s
s , i o zz -
a .

c or d i a l i t y n h i d i
’ ’
( e a r t i n e s s ) k. o z d s aa l r -
t r k o z at l I -
tr , .

c o r d i a l i s e v m a k e i n t o a c or d ia l ; b e com e c or d i a l [ a l s o s p e lt
.

c or d i a l is e ] k ozz d sa l a rz
'
k ozz di -a-l a rz
'
- - -
.
,

( m j k
’
c or di l l e r a i g ) d d l
’ '
n o u n t a n -
r a n .e k o z x l e z-z a
, o z r e z-
za ,

k oz d l l a z a
’
-
.

c o r d on n f p ) dan
'
( c o u r s e . o s t o n e s ; li n e o f t r o o s k o z z -
.

c or d u r oy n [ a ls o s om e t im e s , s p e l t cor d e r oy ] koz d a z or, ( as

’
. ,

s u m pt iv ly ) kozz -d a-z o r ; ( a l s o, s om e t i m e s ) k ozz - d j u -z o r

’ ’
.

c or d w a i n n Spa n is h l e a t h e r [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e cor d o

.

v a n ] k o zz - d w e e n
’
.

c or e n ( h e a r t ; n u cl e u s ) kozz
. .

C o r e a n a dj n s e e Kor e a n .
, . .

( j oin t r e s p on d e n t ) k oz x sp on d an t
’
c o -r e s p o n d e n t n . .

c or n e a n ( t h e t ra n sp a r e n t r on t p a rt of t h e e ye b a ll ) ke ze
. f ’

n 1-a .

k oz n ri-l ia n sa m e m e an 1 n g a s
’
c or n e l i a n n . . c a r n e l ia n .

’
c or n e t n . w i n d -
in s t ru m e n t ; c oil [ a l s o sp e lt c or n e t t e ] k e zz
' ’
ni t, k o zz -
ne t k oz n e t , .

c: law fur , a: , a: c a t , 0 b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow u : a sk , or ki t e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ;

st r e ss - m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c hi e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rng sy l l a b le .
12 4 DI CTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
c or n e t i st [ a l s o sp e l t ke zz -n r-t rst
’
n . cor n e t t is t ] .

i ce [ a ls o sp e lt ] (
’ '
cor n is k ozz -n rs ; er r on e ou s ly ) k e zz
n
c or n .

nr

c or n u horn ; horn -lik e pa rt [ pl ura l cor n u a ] k ozz -n j u

n.
'
.

c or n u c op i a n [ syn on y m ou s cogn a t e corn ucop iae ; plu r a l cor

.

n u c opia s ] k ozz nj o k oo p i a
'
- - -
.

c or n u c op i a e n [p l u r a l c o r n uc o p ia. es ] k e zz j
-n o k oo- i -i
'
p
sa m e m e a n 1 ng a s cor n u cop ia .

c or o d y n al im e n t ; p e n s i on [ a l s o s pe lt c orr ody ] k oz a d r
’
-
. .

c or ol l a n i nn e r e n ve l op of t h e p e ria n t h ; t h e pe t a l s c ol l e e
.

t iv ly [ pl u r a l cor oll as ] ka z ol a
’
.

c or ol l a r y n in f e re n ce [p l u ra l cor olla ri es ] ke z a-l e z x k e z a

.
’ '
,

l az r ka z ol a z r
'
-
.
,

c or ol l i f e r ou s a dj ( b i l ) k f
'
e a r n g a c o r o l a oz.a l r a - as
z .

C or ol l i f l or a e n pl ( G a m ope t a la e ) ka-z e l r f e a z-si

'
. . .

c or ol l i f l o r a l a dj
’
ka-z ol r f L oz z al .
-
.

c or o l l i f l o r ou s a dj
’ '
ka z ol r f e oz z as k oz a l rf L a -z as
.
- -
, .

c or ol l i n e a dj of a c or ol l a [ a l so s p e lt c or ol li n ] k a s e i ru , ka
’
.

'
c c -l a rn .

[p l l ] k
’
c or o n a n . crow n
u r a c o r o n as ,
c o r o n a e a z o o —n a
.

c o r o n a c h n d irg e [ a l s o s p e l t c or a n a c h ]
’
. koz a-na k .

c or o n a l a dj ( f
’ '
o a c .r o w n ) k o z a -
n l k a z o o -n l
, .

c or o n a l e d a dj [ d ] nld
’
a l s o s p e l t c. o r o n a l l e , c o r o n a l d k o z a -
.

( i )
’
c or on e t n c o r o n
. a l c r c l e t k o z a - n at
, .

c or p o r a l a dj ( d y)
’
b o i l . k o zz -
p z al
a -
.

( l -cl o h
’
c or p o r a l n c o r p o. r a t ; c o r p o r a l e ) k o z z -
p z al
a -
.

c o r p or a l n ( o ff i c e
. r )
’
k o zz -
p z al
s -
.

c or p or a l e n cor p ora l -clot h , c orp ora l [ p l u ra l cor por a lia ] ke e

.

-l r
’
p a s e e .

c o r p or e a l a dj (p yh i l di m i l ) k
’
s ca b. o l y; a t e r
, a o z p o z-a i- a l .

c or p or e i t y n ( t h e b e in g of t h e n a t u re of b ody ; m a t e ria lit y )

.

'

k oz pc z ri- r-t r
'
.

El m o s fi r e ; c orp se l igh t [ sy n ony m ou s cog

’
c or p o s a n t n St . .
-

n a t e s c omp os a n t, com oz a n t ]
'
k ozz pa z an t , k ozz - pa-z aan t
’
- -
.

c or p s n b ody ; s ocie t y [ p l u ral c or p s s e e c or p s pl ] kozz

'
. . . .

( plu ral of corp s ) kozz z

’
c or p s n . .

c or p s e n ( b ody ; d e a d b ody ; ca dav e r ) ke zz ps k ozz s

.
, .

( f i y) k
’
c or p u l e n c e n b u l k o b .o d y; o b e s t o z z -
pc u -l a n s .

' '
i l ) k
’
c or p u s c l e n (p a r t c e. o zz -
p A s a l k o z z -
p sal k oz pA s e l
a -
, , .

( corpusc l e ) k oz p a s kcu l
'
c or p u s c u l e n .
-
.

l ) k oz al k a z a l , k o z a l , ko z a l
' '
(
’ '
c or r a l n p e n
. e n c o s u r e , , .

( d r iv e int o a corra l ; ca pt u re ) koz al , ka z ael , ko

’ ’
c or r a l v .

ko z r l
' '
7ael , .

j ye c cu r e ; b t h e 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sc h e w ;
, .

to w h e n ; 1] s1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , xi s e e ;
.

. f f
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
126 D I CTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
c o s m o g on w orl d-cre a t ion ) ke z m oga-n r ;
’
y n. ( ( err on e ous ly)
k oz m od 3 1 -n 1
’
.

c os m o p o l i t a n a dj m w id e ) k oz m a
’
( o f a c o s o p o l it e ; w o r l d -
.

'
p o l t -
tn .

c o s m o p ol i t e n k m
’
( c i t i z e n o f t h e w o r l d
.
) e z o p a -l a
rt .

c osm or a m a n m -m
’
( v i e w o f t h e w o r l d ) . k e z a z a z a .

c os m o s n w or l d ; u n iv e r s e ; or d e r [ a l s o sp e lt kos m os ] k oz
’
.

m os .

C o s s a c k n ( in h ab it a n t of t h e l ow e r D on , e t c ) k osak , k o
' '
. .

se ek .

c os t v ( b e of t h e p r ice of e t c ) k ozst , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) k ost ;

.
, .

( d ia l e c t a lly ) k c zst .

’
c os t e a n v s in k pit s , e t c . [ a ls o s p e lt c os t e e n ] kos t rin : ( l e ss .

p p
r o e r ly )
’
k ost i ou -
.

m
’
) k -m e z r m
'
co s t a r y n (p l a n t o s t . k o s t -
e z-z r
, .

c os t u m e n ( cu s t om ; s t l e of d r e ss ; g ow n ) ke st cu m , kos
.
’
y
' ’ ’
t cuu m ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) k os t u m k os t uu m , .

cost u m e v ( p r ov id e w it h a d r e ss ) k os t cuu m
’
. .

c ost u m e r n ( d e a l e r i n c o s.t u m e s ) k o s
’
t c u u -
m az ; ( l e s s r o er p p
ly ) k os t cu m az
’
-
.

c ot e n ( hu t ; s h e e p ol d ) k oot
. f .

c o t e r i e n ( c i rc l e s e .t m e e t i n g)
'
k o o t
- a- z r
; ( l ess
, r o er ly )
, p p
k ot a z r k ot a z ri
’ ’
-
.
,

( b oot b u sk in c ot hu r n u s ) k oo O n zz n k o O e zz n
’ ’
c ot h u r n n .
-
, , , .

'
c ot i l l i o n n d a n c e [ a l s o s p e l t c ot ill on ] k o t xl i a n
. .

c ot y l e n h oll ow t h i n g h i p j oi n t s ock e t [ p lu r a l c o ty l a e coty

.
,
-
,

l e s ] k ot 1 11
’
~
.

co yt l e d o n n (p a t c h o f v i l l i ; p
. e n n y w o r t ; s e e d -
le a ) ke t t f
h i dn
’
-
.

’
j i d k l d
'
c ot y l e d o n o u s a d k o t r l r n a s o t l e n -a
s .
- -
, .

c ou c h a n t a dj ( i k S
’
l y n g d o w n ) o u .t a n t -
.

c o u g a r n pu m a p a n t h e r [ a l s o s p e l t c ou gu a r c ou g ou a r ] k uu
’
. , ,

g as .

c ou gh v. ( e xp e l a ir t h ru the gl ot t is , etc .
) k c zf , ( w he n un

) ke f
s tr as t .

c ou l d v ( p r e t e r 1 t of ca n ) k u d ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) ka d
.
, .

c o u l om b n ( e l e ct ric q u a n t it y u n it ) ku l om
'
-
. .

c ou n c i l n m l k
’
- al
( ass e b y ) o u n
. s .

c ou n c i l o r n m e m b e r of a c ou n cil [ a ls o s p e lt c ou n cill or ]
.

ka u n
’
-
se - l az .

c ou n s e l n .
( con su lt a t ion ; a d v ice : pl a n ; b ody of l e gal ad
'
v ise r s
) k ou n -
s al .

c o u n s e l v giv e or t a k e . cou n s e l ; a d v is e ; c on su l t [ p r e s e n t pa r

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re d 3 j oy : Ss h oe t Sc he w ; . . ,

t o w h e n ; 1) s 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u ll ou ool , I i t , ri s e e ;
.

. f . f
c p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c g at e ;
 DI C TI ONARY O F HARD W O RD S 12 7

t rc xp l e c ou n s e l i n g, c ou n s e l l i n g ; p a st p a r t rc rpl e a nd p re t e r 1 t
c ou n s el d ]
’
cou n s e l e d, c o u n s e l l e d, k ou n - s al .

] ku u n
’
c ou n s e l o r n . a d v i se r ; b a r ris t e r [ also spe lt c ou n s e ll or

sa-l az .

c ou n t e n a n ce n. ( d e m ea n or ; face ; s u pp ort ) kuu n-t u -an s ,

'

’
k a u n - t x- n a n s .

c ou n t e r n cou n t in g-d e v ice ; c ou n t e r e i t coin ; t ab l e ; d e b t ors

.
’
f
p r i s o n [ a l s o, I D t h e s e n s e o f p r i s o n f or d e b t o r s , s p e l t c o m p
t e r ] k ou n - t az
'
.

c ou n t e r f e i t a dj , u i m it a t ion [ al s o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt c ou n
. .

’ '
t f ]
e r i t k u u n -
t e z -
f l t , ( a l s o ,
i n B r i t a i n ) k o u n -
t az -
fit .

m ( m k ) k m
’ ’
c ou n t e r a cr h v a r c h b a c a u n -
t
. az a zz t s, k a u n t
- az

m ozz t S .

t e r m a r ch n kou n - t az - m ozz t S
'
c ou n . .

d i l k k - m
(
’
b )
'
c ou n t e r p a n e n e -
q u t a u n -
t az -
p e e n.
, u u n -
t az p .

c ou p n ( p r om p t b l ow , s u dd e n st r oke ) k uu
. .

c ou p n ca r t , w a gon [ a l s o s p e l t c oo ] k uu p
. p .

c ou p v e x ch a n g e , b a r t e r [ a l s o s p e l t c ow
. ] ku up p .

c ou p v u p s e t [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , s pe l t c ow ] kuup f p .

c ou p d e g r ac e n ( k f m )
’
s t r o e o e r cy; q u i e t u s k
. u u -
d a gz ozs .

c ou p d o m a i n n ( s t r ok e w i t h t h e h a n d ; su d d e n a t t ac k ) k u u
.

d a m ae n
’
.

( s t r ok e of s t r ok e
’
c ou p d et a t n . st a t e ; of p olicy ) k uu d e
- ~

'
t o:
c ou p d f
’
i i
’
il w(g l a n c e o t h n.
e e e
y ; g e n e r a l v e w ) k u u d a z-
.

c ou p e n ( cu p b ow l ; S’w is s d ry m e a s u r e ) k uu p
. , .

c ou p é n ( ca rr ia ge ) ku p e e
. .

( d a n ce s t e p ; b ow ) ku p ri
’
c ou p e e n .
-
.

c o u p é e a dj
’
( i n h e r a l d r y, c ou pt ) k u pe e
. .

c ou p l e n ( b race , l e a s h ; p a ir ) k A p e l
’
. .

c ou p on n ( d e t a c h a b l e
. c e r t i i c a t e ; t i c k e t )
’
k u u - f
p on ; ( v u l
’ ’
g a r l y) k c u u -
p o n k a u -
p on ,

c o u r a g e ou s a dj ( u l l o f c o u r a g ;e b o
. l d ) f
k a
’
z e e -
d 3 as .

c ou r a n t a dj ( i g) k
’
I n h e r a l d r y, r u
. n n n u z-z aan
t .

c ou r a n t n d a n c e [ a l s o s p e l t c ou r a n t e ] ku z a zn t , k u z o zn t , k u
’ ’
.

'
z ae zn t .

c ou r a n t n .
ga z e t t e , n e w s- le t t e r
[ ob s ol e t e e xce p t a s t h e n a m e
of s om e p a rt i cu l a r n e w s p a p e r ]
’ ’
k u z-z e n t k u z a zn t , ku z ozn t ,
’
,

k u z w zn t
'
.

c ou r i e r n ( i m l i
’ '
ru n n n g e s s.e n g e r ; t r a v e e r s s e rv a n t ) k u z -az
,

( l es s o t e n )
'
k ufz-
z xz .

( cr ow n ) k o z e n
’
co u r on n e n . .

c ou r s e n ( on w a r d m ot ion ; p at h ) k a zz s ( w h e n u n s t r es t ) koz s
.
, .

c: la w , a: fu r , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow u: a s k , 8 1 kit e
h ot , or , ,

le n gt h m a rk -
i n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d 1 n g s ou n d I S l on g ,

st r e ss -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s chi e f
st re s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l la b l e .
128 D ICTI ONAR Y O F HARD W ORD S

c ou r t e ou s ad j . gra ciou sly pol it e [ als o , s om e t im e s , sp e l t cu r

k
’
- i- k
'
t e ou s ]
’ ’ '
k i
s z t as ,
- k s zz t as ; k s e t c ,as s zz -t as
c ; ozz -
t cas .

c ou r t e s y n c ou r t l in e ss or e l e g a n ce of m a n n e rs ; a ls o, f av or ,
.

‘
i n d u lg e n ce : as , t h e cou rt e sy of En gla n d [ al so spe lt cu r t e
s y l k a e t i -s r
’
.

k m m
'
k ( )
'
c ou r t e s y n a at s i , r a r e ly
. a e t i - i
s s a e e a n i n g a s cu r t .

sy .

c ou r t e s a n n. c ou r t -m i st r e s s ; p ros t i t u t e [ al so spe lt c our t e

ks z t i -za k os t i
’ ’ '
s an ] kozz - t i kozz t i kae t i
’
-z
an , - -
z aan , -z
an , n,
'
za n .

c ou r t i e r n. ( on e w ho f re q u e n t s t he cou rt of a sov e re ign )

’
k ozz t S
az-
kozz -t caz , .

c ou r t -m a r t i a l n c ou r t f or t h e a d m in is t ra t ion of m a rt i al
.

l a w [ p l u r a l c ou r ts - ma r t i a l ] k ozz t m oz S
’
al .

c ou r t m a r t i a l v [p a st pa rt i c i p le a n d p r e t e r i t cour t ma r
.

t i a l e d , c ou r t m a r t ia l d ] k ozz t m oz S al
’
.

’
( s on or d a u’ g ht e r of on e s u n cl e or au n t ) ku an ,
’
c ou s i n n .

k xz n ; ( e r r on e o us ly ) k A z i n
’
.

c ov e n a n t n ( c o m p a c t , c o
. n t r ac t )
’
k A V i -n
ant .

c ov e n a n t e r n ( on e w h o cov e n a n t s ; a d h e re n t of t he Scotch
.

c ov e n a n t of 1 6 3 8 or t h a t of 1 6 3 )
’
ka v i - p on t ac 4 .

on e w h o e n t e rs i n t o a l e ga l cov e n a n t ) kA V l
'
c o v e n a n t or n
’
( .

n a n t oa kA V i n a n - t ozz
, .

c ov e r l e t n b d i )
’
( e -
q u l t. ; c o v e r k Av a z -l a t
.

c ov e r t a dj ( cov e re d , s e cre t , d isgu ise d ) ka v az t ; ( er r on e ous

’
.

ly ) koo-v oz t
’
.

j ( g y l i p g) k
'
co v e t o u s a d e a e r d e s . r o u s ; g r as i n A V i t s
- a
.

c ov e y n ( b r ood o f p a r t ri d ge s ; s e t ) k A V I
'
. .

c ow a g e n p o d -
h a ir s of M u cu n a p ru r ie n s [ a l s o s p e lt cow
.

ha g e c ou h a ge ; sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e cow it c h ]
,
’
ka u - i d3 .

d
’
c o w a r i c e n w a n t o f c o u ra.
g e [ a l s o s p e l t c o w ar d is ] k o u -
se
’
d i s ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) k ou -s e - d a i s .

c ow c u m b e r n di ) k a m b oe s a m e m e a n i n g as
'
( a l e c t a l k a u -
. .

c ucu m b e r .

l )
’
c ow h e r d n ( c a t t e -
t e n d e
. r k o u -
h n zz d .

c ow l n ( h ood ; h ood e d ga r m e n t ) k oul

. .

c ow r y n s h e l l [ a l s o sp e l t c ow r i e ; pl ur a l c ow r i e s ]
’
. k ou-z r .

c ox c o m b n a ool s ca p ; f op , v a i n s il ly
’
. f el l ow [ a ls o spe lt f
c oc ks c om b ] k ok s k oom
'
-
.

i k
’
x
c o op o d t ( t ) o k o p d ai t
-
e n c ru s a c e a n . s a .

c oy n y e n b ill e t in g of s ol d ie r s u p on p riv a t e pe rson s ; im p os t

.

[ als o sp e lt coig n y e a n d , or m e rl y , coign y c oy n e , coy n ie ; f ,

form e r s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e c oign e ]

’ '
k o i -n j i , k oi - n i .

j e cu r e ; b t h e 9 t hi n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t S he w ;
ye , , c
in w h e n ; I] S i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
c p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
13 0 DI C TI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
cr e m a t c v ( b u r n u p ; con su m e b y h e a t ) ks i m e e t , ks ri- m e t
’ ’
. .

c r e m a t or i u m m y) i m i m k
’

( k m ai
’
n cr e a t o r s a t
. oz -
a -
a , s e a t o z-

am .

c r e m a t or y n , a dj ke xi m a t az i , ks e m a t az i , ks e m at a - z i
’ ’ '
- - -
. . .

a j ( i i
’
c r e n a t e d n o t ch t ,
n d e n t
. e d ) k s r -n
et .

cr en a t u r e n ( t o o t h o r n o t c h. o f a l ea )
’
ks e n a t S
-
az ,
'
ks e n a f
t eoa, k a i i- n a t caz
’
-
.

cr en e l n ( t oo t h . o f a c re n a t e l e a , c r e n a t u r e ; a l s o, cr e n e ll e ) f
’
ks e n aL
c r e n e l a t e v e m b a t t l e [ a l s o s p e l t cr e n e l l a t e ] ks e n a-l e t
'
. .

cr e n e l a t i on n c on d i t i on of b e i n g c r e n e l a t e d ;
. b a tt le m e n t
’
[ a l s o s p e l t cr e n e l l a t ion ] k s e n a l e e S an -
.

cr en el l e n ( op e n in g i n a pa r a p e t ; cr e n e l ) ks r n e l
’
. .

c r e l
o e n ( t b or n p e rs on of Eu r ope a n or A rica n d e s
n a i v.
-
f
’
ce n t ) ks xi ol -
.

c r e os o t e n oily liq u id . r om w ood t a r f

[ al s o s p e l t cr e os ot e , -

kr e as ot e ] ks xi- a s ot
’
-
.

c r e p on n ( cr a p e l ike a b r ic ) ks e p on
.
’
-
f .

cr e s ce n d o n ( gr a d u a l i n cr e a s e ; s w e llin g ) ks i se n d a, ks r Se n
’ ’
.

do .

cr e s c e n t n .
( co n v e x o- c on ca v e f igu r e lik e t he gr ow in g or
’
w a x in g m oon ) ks e s a n t .

c r e s ol t a r p h e n ol [ a ls o s om e t i m e s , ]
’
n .
, sp e l t cr e s s ol ks xi -s ol ,
ks o
’
-
s ol .

c r e t a c e ou s a d j ( k s x t e e -
.
Sas c h a lk y) ’
.

h ) k i k
’ ’
( l
’
c r e t on n e n c o t t o n c o t . s t o n s e -
t o n , k a i i -
t on .

cr ev a s s e n . f
( is su r e ) ks a v a zs ks a v u zs ks a v ze zs
’ ’
, , .

cr e v i c e n c ra ck ; . f
is su r e [ a l s o s p e l t cr e v is ] ks e v rs
’
.

l ( w o st d t d ) k
'
r
c e w e n r e . h r e a s ou al -
.

c r i c o i d a dj ( i h ) k
’
r n g s a p e d . s a r -
k oi d -
.

c r i n o i d a dj ( l i l -
lik e )
’
ks .a i -
n o i d , y
’
k s i -
ne i d .

c r i n ol i n e n st i a b r ic ; p. e t t i c o ff f
a t ; w a r s h i p n e t t i n g [ a ls o,
-

ks m a l i n , ks rn a-lin , ks rn a- l a i n
'
s om e t im e s s p e l t cr i n ol i n ]
’ ’
-
, .

cr i s e s n
'
(p l u r
. a l o f cr i i
s s) k s a i -
s iz .

cr i si s n t u r n in g - p oin t [ pl u r a l cr is e s a n d , ra r e ly , cr is is e s ]
.

ks a r- s rs
'
.

c r i t e r i on n s t a n d ar d of cr it ic is m [ p l u r a l cr i t e r ia ] ks a i t i
’
.

s i - an .

c r i t i c i z e v j u d ge a ccu r a t e l y [ a l s o s p e l t c r i t ic is e ]
’
. ks rt i -s a i z .

cr i t i q u e n ( cr it ic a l r e v i e w ) kS l t l lk ; ( ob s ol e t e s p e ll i n g of
'
.

'
c r i t ic ) ks rt i k .

c r o ch e t v ( k n it ) ks o S
'
ks oo S
’
. ee i ,
-
.

cr o c od i l e n ( p ; i i m '
l h k k d l di l
’
r e t s op s ) . s o a -
a i k s ok a-
, .

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 9 t hi n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

t o w h e n ; I] S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , u u ool , r i t , I i s e e ;
.

f f
0 poe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor . s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 '

DI C TI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 13 1

cr om l m m
’
e ch ) k k
’
n ( a n c i e n t . k s o l
s t on e
a , s o l e k
st r u ct u r e
-
.

[ al s o s p e l t cr on i e , cr on ey ; p l u ra l cr on i e s ] ks ou n i
’
cr o n y n .
-
.

cr o o k e d a dj ( b e n t ; n ot st ra ight ) ks uk i d
’
. .

c r o o k e d v p a s t p a rt i ci pl e a n d p r e t e r i t of cr ook [ a l s o s p e l t
.

cr o ok t ] ks uk t .

k
’ ’ ’
c oq
r u e t n (g a m e ) ks o e ,
. k e k s oo -
e , k s oo -
ki .

cr o q u e t t e n ( ood ) ks o k e t
’
. f .

( s k e t c h ; s t u d y ) ks o k i i
'
c r oq u i s n . .

cr os s v m a k e a cr os s ; ca n ce l ; p a s s ov e r , e t c [ p a s t pa rt i c i
. .

p l e a n d p r e t e r i t cr oss e d , cr os t ] k s ozs , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) ks os ;
( d ia l e ct a lly ) ks c zs .

m ] k sm t
’
c r o s s l e t n s a l l c r o s s.
[ a l s o s p e l t c r o s l e t s o z -
.

c r ot ch e t n ( h ook ; m u s i ca l s y m b ol ; w him ) ks ot Si t
’
. .

c r ou c h v ( s t oop ; cr in ge ) ks ou t S; ( er r on e ou s ly ) ks uu t S
. .

c r ou p n ru m p , b u t t ock s [ a l s o s p e lt cr ou e , cr oop] ks uu p
. p .

c r ou p n ( di s e a s e ) ks uu p
. .

c r ou p i e r n ( m o n e r a k e r. a t a g a m byl i-
n g t a b l e ; a s s is t a n t
-

h ost ) ks ou - p i- az k s u p i zz
’ ’
.
,

c o
r s i e r n c r o s s -
b e a r e r ; p as t ora l s t a
. [ a l s o s pe lt cr os i e r ] ff
’
k s ou - 3 az .

c r u c i a l a dj ( s h a p e d ; d e c is iv )
’
cr o s s -
. ks uu S al -
.

cr u ci a n n . f
is h [ a ls o s p e lt cr u s ia n ] ks ou S
’
an -
.

c r u ci b l e n ( m e lt in g p ot ) ks ou s a b al ; ( l ess r o e r ly ) ks ou
.
’
- -
’
-
p p
z a - b al .

c r u ci f i x n ( i m f C h i h ) k -f k
'
a g e o . r s t o n t e c r o ss s o u -
s r i s .

c r u ci f i xi on n
'
ks u s r f i k S an . .

c r u e l a dj ( d is p ose d t o in lict su e r in g ) ks uu ai
.
’
f ff -
.

l ) k
’
c r u e l l y a dv i m li
’
( n a c r u e . a n n e r s o u a l i ,
k s u u a l - - - -
.

cr u i s e v , n v oy a ge [ a l s o s p e lt cr u is e ] k s u u z
. . .

c r u m b n p a r t icl e ; s c r a p [ a l s o sp e lt cr u m ] k S A m
. .

c r u n ch v cru s h w i t h t h e t e e t h
. et c [ s n on y m ou s cogna t e s , . y
c r a u n c h cr a n c h ] k S A n t S ( i n B r i t a in ) k s a n S
, , .

c r u or i n n h e m ogl ob in [ al s o s p e l t cr u or i n e ] ks uu - a z m
’
-
. .

( s a dd l e st r a p p a ssin g u n d e r a h or s e s t a il ; ru m p ;
’
cr u p p e r n .
-

c r ou p )
' ’
ks u p az k s a p az , .

cr u s n t h e l ow e r l e g ; p ill a r [ p l u ra l cr u r a ] ks a s
. .

cr u sa d o n Por t u gu e se coin [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt cr u s a d o]
.

’
k s u s e e - d o, ks u z e e - d o
’
.

cr u s c n j a r b ot t l e [ a l so sp e lt cr u is e ] ks uu s ks u u z
.
, , .

( ) Sa s
’
c r u s t a c e ou s n o f o r l i k e a c r .u s t ; c r u s t a c e a n k s a s t e e -
.

cr u x n c r oss ;
. v e x a t i ou s d i icu l t y [ pl u r a l cr u x e s , cr u c e s ] ff
ks a k s ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) k s u k s .

cr y p t og a m n ( l ow e r l e s s pl a n t ) ks rpt a gae m
.
’
f -
.

c: law , fur, a: a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , s o n ow u: a s k , a t k i t e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h m a r k-
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
s t r e s s -m a r k i n d i ca t e s c h ie f
s t re s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l l a b l e .
13 2 D ICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
t o g r a m n ( s e cr e t w rit i n g ) ks rp t a-ge te m
’
c r yp .

c r y s t a l l i n e a dj of cry s t a l [ a l s o, s om e t im es , s p e l t cr ys t a lli n ]
.

ks xs tl i n , ks xst l a i n , ks rst a l i n , ks xst a- l a i n

’ ’ ’ ’
- - -
.

'
c y t al l
r s i z a t i on n l
[ a s o spe t c ys t a sa
l .r ll i t i o n ] k s i s t l -
i z ee

S , k Sa n
’
a n s r s t l -
a i z e e -
.

'
k k -l a i z
’
c y ta
r s l l i z e v [a l s o . l
s p e t cr y s t a l l i se ] s i s t l -
a i z , s i s t a .

bik
’
c u b c a dj
i ( cu . b e l i k e s o l i d ; o f-
t h e t h i r d d e g r e e ) k c o u -
.

’ '
cu ck oo n ( b ird ) ku ku , ( a n t er i or ly ) k u ku
.
-
.

c u cu m b e r n [ d ia l e ct a l e q u i v a l e n t cow cu m b er , orm e rly i n

. f
’
r e gu l a r l i t e r a r y u s e ] k cuu - ka m b az .

cu d g e l n ( clu b ) k A d3 al
’
. .

cu e n . con cl u d i n g w or d ; h i n t ; p r op e r cou r s e ; ra me of m in d f
f
[ a l s o, or m e r ly , s p e lt k e w , k u , q u e w , q, q u a e , q ue , q u , hu e ]
k eou .

cu e n . st ick u se d in b ill ia r d s [ a l s o s p e lt q u e u e ] k cuu .

cu i r a s s n ( a r m or ) k w i z aas , k w i z ee zs ; ( le s s r o er ly ) ku u z a zs ;
.
’ ’ '
p p
' ’
k w i z- z as ; k cu z a zs , k cu z aazs
’
.

cu i r a s s i e r n ( m ou n t e d s ol d i e r a r m d w it h a cu i ra ss ) kw i z a
.

’ ’
s r :z , k cu z a s n z .

c u i r -b ou i l l i n b u il d l e a t h e r [ a l s o sp e l t cu ir - b ou illy ] k w u c
.

'
b u u i i , k w i zz b u u l j i
’
- -
.

c u i s h n t h ig h -pi e ce [ s n on y m ou s c og n a t e c u is s e ] k w i S
. y .

cu i s i n e n ( k i t c h e n : st y l e of cooki n g ) k w i z i i n
'
. .

c u l -d e -s a c n b l in d a l l e . [ pl u r a l c uls d e s a c ] k cou l d a sa k y -
'
- -
.

c u l i n a r y a dj ( f i i l n e z x; ( ar
’
o t h e k . h
t c e n or c oo k n g) k eu n -
i -

’
r a u c ou s ly ) kA l i n em -
.

cu l l e r n ( on e w h o cu ll s or s e le ct s ) k A l az
’
. .

cu l t u r e n ( cu l t iv a t ion ) k A l t Saz ( ol d e r ) k A l t caz

’ ’
. .
,

a em
'
cu l v e r i n n g u n ; c.a n n o n [ a l s o s p e l t c u l v e r i n e ] k A l v -
.

c u m i c a dj ( of cu m in ) ka m i k , kcu u m i k
’ ’
-
. .

cu m i n n p la n t [ a l s o sp e lt c u m m in ] k a m i n
’
. .

cu m q u a t n s m a ll or a n ge
. [ a ls o s p e lt k u m q ua t , cu m q u a t ]
'
k A m k w ot -
.

c u m u l a t i v e a dj i n cr e a sin g b y a d d i t ion [ a l s o s p e lt cu mu la
.

t iv ] k cu u - m j u -l e t i v keou m j ol a t i v
’ ’
- -
, .

'
cu n e a l a dj ( w e d g e
. s h a p e d ) k c u u -n i -
al -
.

cu n e i f o r m n w e d ge - s h a p e d [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn at e c u n i or m ]
. f
k eou u i i f ozz m , k eou n i - f oze m
’
k cu n i i i f ozz m
’ ’
- - - - - -
.
,

c u n i cu l u s n s m a ll u n d e r gr ou n d
.
p a s s a ge [ pl u r a l cu n icu li ]
k cu n i k cu - l a s
’
.

cu n n e r n . f
is h [ a l s o sp e lt con n e r , c on n e r ] k a n az ’
.

cu n n i n g n ( sk ill ; cr a t in e ss ) k a u m ; ( d ia l ec ta lly v ulgar ly,

.
’
f ,

an d f
a m il i a r ly )
’
kAn m .

j yec cu r e ; a t he 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
. .

w w h e n ; t) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , I i t , i i se e ;
.

f f
0 poe t i c ; a ov er , e a e ri al , A b u t , a: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 13 4 D ICTI ON ARY o r HARD WO R DS

cu r t sy n . ob e i s a n ce [ a lso sp e l t cu r t s ey ; sy n on y m ou s cog n at e s

] k a at s i
’
c u r t e sy , c o u r t es y .

cu r t sy v. [ p re s e n t pa rt i c i p l e cu r t sy in g ; p a st pa r t i ci p le an d
'
p re t e r i t cu r t s i e d ] k uz t s r .

’
cu r u le a dj . k eu z-z u l
( of a ch a riot ) .

c u r v e n cu r v d l i n e [ a ls o s p e lt cu rv ] k a zz v
. .

cu r v e t n , v
l e a p [ a l s o s p e lt cu rv e t t e ] k a zz V i t , ks z v e t
' ’
. .
-
.

( st u f t b a g ) ku Sa n
'
c u s h i on n . .

cu s p i d o r n s p i t t oon [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e cus p i d or e ]

'
. ka s p i
d oe .

k a sp i - d az s a m e m e a n i n g a s cu s p i d or
’
c u s p i d or e n . . .

c u t l a s n cu t t i n g s w or d ; b ig k n i f e [ a l s o sp e lt c u t l as s ]
'
.
-
k a t L as .

cy a n i d e n ( c o m .
p o u n d o f c y a n o g e n a n d a m e t a l )
’
s ai -a - n a i d
,
’
sa i -a - n
id .

cya n i n e n b lu e c ol ori n g- m a t t e r [ a lso, s om e t im e s , s p e l t cy a

.

n in ] i i
' ’
sa a - -
n a i n s a -
a -
ni n , .

( r a d i ca l ) s a i ae n a d 3 i n s ai ae n a d3 e n
' ’
c y a n og e n n .
-
,
-
.

l f i i d i j
’
cy a n u r a t e n ( s a t o c
.
y a n u r c a c ) s a -
a n u z -z e
t .

( cy a i i j z at
’
cy a n u e t nr n d. e ) sa z n u -
.

c y a n u r i c a dj s a i- a n j u z- z i k
’
. .

-ka
cy ca d n (p ) d d
’ ’
. l a n t s a i -
k w s a i , .

c y c l a me n n ( pl a n t ) S i k L a m a n
’
-
. .

c y cl a m i n n (p r i n c i p .l e f o u n d i n c y c l a m e n - r oo t )
'
s r k L a -
mi n .

c y cl e n (
. c i r c l e ; r o u n d o f e v e n t s)
’
s a kal
i -
.

c y c l i c a dj ( of a cy cl e ) S i k L i k
’
. .

c y cl i d e n e n v e l op of a s p h e r e [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t e e l id ]
.
y
' '
s a i kL i d
-
Si k L a i d
,
-
.

c y c l o i d a dj ( l i i l ) k d S k L O Id
’
k
'
e a . c r c e s a i -
L o i , I -
.

c y c l o i d a l a dj ( f l id ) dl
’ ’
o a c y c. o s a i k L o i -d l
, s x k L o i -
.

m ) k w on
’
c y cl on e n ( r o t a
. t o r y s t o r s a i -
.

c y c l o p e a dj i
'
( h a v i n g . o r u s n g o n e e y )
e S fi kL O p
I -
.

c y cl o p e a n a dj p )
’
( o f t h e C .
y c l o e s s a i -
k L a p i i-
an .

c y c l op e d i a n e n c y cl op e d i a [ a l s o s p e l t cy c l op a e d i a ] s s i - k m
.

i d i
’
-
p i -
a .

c y c l o p e d i c a dj [ al s o s p e lt cy cl op a e d ic ] S G I-k L O p I i-d l k , s a i
'
.

'
k L a pe d i k .

C y l op e s n ( pl u r a l of C y cl ops ) s a i k L oo- p iz
.
’
.

C y c l o p s n on e of a m y t h ic r a ce of on e e y e d gia n t s [ p lur a l
.
-

C y c l op es , C y cl op s C y c l op s e s ] s a i - k L op s
’
.
,

c y c l or a m a n ( i l m ) ma
’
c r c u a r .
p a n o r a a ss i -
k L a z a z -
.

y ou n g s w a n [ a l s o f or m e r ly s p e l t s ign e t ] Si g n i t
'
cy gn e t n .
, , .

cy l i n d e r n ( s olid fi gu r e ; t u b e ) i l i n d az
.
’
S -
.

c y l i n d r i c a dj ( lik e a cyl in d e r ) s r l i n d t i k
'
. .

i c cu r e ; ot h e , 9 t h in ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w
ye ,
w w h e n ; I) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e f f ,

c poe t ic ; a ov er, e ae ri al , A b ut , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e

 DICTI O N ARY O F HARD WORD S 13 5

cy m a r sy m a r ] mozz
’
n . r ob e [ als o spe lt s i m a rr e , s i mar, Si .

cy m b a l n m e t a l p l a t e [ a ls o sp e l t sy m b ol ] s rmb a l
’
. .

cy m b i f o r m a dj b oa t s h a p e d [ a l s o s p e l t cy m b a ef or m ] s n n b i
’
-
.

f o zz m .

cy m e n ( ce n t ri fu ga l i n f lore sce n ce ) s a i m
. .

cy m o s e a dj ( b e a r i n g a cy m e ) s a i ni oos ( a ss u mpt iv ly ) s a i
’ ’
.
,

m os ; ( a l s o) s a i m oz
’
-
.

C y m r i c a d j of t h e C y m ry ; We lsh [ a l s o s om e t i m e s spe lt
.
, ,

Ky m r ic ] s rm z i k, k i m z i k
’ ’
.

C y m r y n pl t h e We ls h [ als o sp e lt C y m r i C w m ry a n d s om e
. . , ,

t i m e s Ky m r y Ki m ry Ki mr i ] s m i z i ( l e ss of t e n ) k i mz i
’ '
, , , .
,

cy n a n ch e n ( t h r oa t d i s e a s e ) S i n aznk i
’
-
. .

C y n i c n ( on e of a s e c t of G re e k p hilos op h e r s ) s m i k
’
. .

cy n i c n ( s n e e r i n g f a u lt f i n d e r ) s i n i k
’
. .

c y n i c a l a dj ( ca p t ion s ; s ar cas t ic) s rn i kal

’
-
. .

cyn i ci sm n s i m s rz a m
’
-
. .

( c e n t e r of a t t r act ion ) s a i n a Suz S i n e Sue ; s ai

’ ’
c y n os u r e n .
- - -
,

of t e n )
’ ’ ’
( l es s
’
n a-s cuz , s xn a -s cu z ; se i -
n a- 3 uz , s rn a -3 uz ; sa i

j s m a- z
’
n a- z uz , j uz .

’
cyp r e s s n ( t re e ) s a i ps i s .
-
.

c y p r i n o i d a dj ( ca rp l ik e ) n oi d
’
d,
'
.
-
S I pS I -n e l Si ps a i
-
.

cy s t n . s a c , v e s ic l e , c e l l [ a ls o sp e l t c is t ] S i st .

l a sm p r ot opl a s m
’
c y t op n. ( ce ll
) sa i -
t a-pz a za m .

( We l s h la n d m e a su r e )
k i i- v a z
’
cyv a r n .
-
.

c z a r n e m p e r or , k in g ; e sp e ci a l ly , t h e e m p e r or of R u s s ia [ a ls o,
.

s p e l t t s a r , te a r ] z a zz , ( r a r e ly ) t s o zz .

cz a r e v i t c h n R u s s i a n p r in ce [ a l s o, s om e t im e s sp e l t ts or e
.
,

v i l e h , cz a r ew i tc h , t s or e w it c h , cz a r ow i t c h, cs ar ow i tz ; sy n on

y m ou s cogn a t e s ce s a r e v i t c h, c e s a r e w itc h ] z a zz a v rt S
’ ’
- -
, t s a zz
a - v rt S .

cz a r i n a n . e m p r e s s of R u ssia [ a ls o s om e t i m e s sp e lt tsa r in a ; , ,

sy n on y m ou s t z a r it sa ] z a e ri- n a
’
cogn a t e s cz a r i tz o t s a r i ts a , , ,

i- n a
’
t sa z i .

C z e c h a dj . [ als o spe lt C s e ch , Ts e c h , T s c h e c h ] t S
ek .

d a c h s h u n d n b adge r-d og [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e d a chs h ou n d ]

.

d ozk s h un t ; ( l es s p r op e r ly ) d a k s h u n t
’ ’
- -
.

d a c t y l n m e t r ica l f oot [ a ls o s p e l t d a c ty l e ] d w k t i l
’
. .

d a d d y n d a d f a t h e r [ a ls o s p e l t d a dd i e ] d ze d i
’
. .
,

d a d o n d ie of a p e d e s t a l e t c [ p lu r a l d a d os ] d e e -d o ( l es s
.
’
, .
,

of t e n )
’
doz d o -
.

c: l ow ,
f u r,
a: a c ot , o h ot ,
b oy ; ( 1: f or, 00 n ow , a: a sk , a i kit e
oi
l e n gt h -m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n s ou n d i s l on g ,
st r e ss-m a r k i n d i ca t e s ch ie f s t r e ss on t h e ol l ow m g syllable .
13 6 DI C TI O NARY O F H ARD W O RD S
d a e d a l a dj s e e d e d a l . .

d a f f a d o w n d i ll y n d a ff od il [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s d a y .
ff
d ow n di lly, d off e d ow n d i lly ] d a f a d oon d i l i
’
-
.

d a f f o d i l n ( n a rc iss u s ; pa le y e l low ) d z fa- d i l

’
. .

d a f t a dj ( cr a z y ; m a d l y gay ) d a zf t , d a zft , dae zf t

. .

d a g u e r r e o t yp e n ( f ot ogra f ) d a ge s a t a i p , d e ge s i -a-t a i p
’ ’
-
. .

d a h a b e e y a h n b oat u se d on t h e N ile [ a ls o s p e l t d a h a b ei oh,

.

d a h a b iy e h ; sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s d iha b ia h, d a h ab e ea h, d a
h a b i e h ] d u b a b i i ia d o h a b i i a
’ ’
- - - -
.
,

d a h l i a n ( p l a n t ) d u z l i a d e e l i a da l i a
’ ’ ’
- -
. .
, ,

d a i r y n m il k r oom [ pl ura l d a ir i e s ] d e z z i ; ( dial e cta lly ) d e e

’
-
'
-
.

zi .

d a i s n ( pl a t f or m ) d e e - i s , d e e s
’
. .

d a i s y n f l ow e r [ pl u r a l d a is i e s ] d e e - z i
.
'
.

d a m n ( b a n k or w a ll t o ob st ru ct w at e r ) dee m
. .

d a m a g e n ( l os s ; h a r m ) d zr m i d 3
’
. .

D a m a s c e n e a dj ( of D a m a scu s ; of d a m as k ) da ma s i in , ( as ’
.

s u m pt iv ly )
’
d w m a si n -
.

d a m a s c e n e v i n l a y d a m as k [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e d a m as
. ,

k e e n ] d ze m a s ri n
’
d a m a - si n
’
.
,

d a m m a r n r e s in [ a l s o s p e lt d a m a r d a m m e r ] dae maz
.
’
, .

d a m m e i n t e r j ( d a m n m e ) dae m i
’
. .

d a m m e d a dj ob st ru ct e d b y m e a n s of a d a m [ al s o spe lt
.

d a m d ] dee m d .

d a m n v ( con d e m n t o h e l l ) d ee m , ( o t e n ) d a zm
. f .

d a m n e d a dj ( con sign e d t o h e ll ) d ee m d , ( o t e n ) da zmd ;

. f
( s om e t im e s i n p oe t r y ) d ae m n i d
’
.
,

d a m n i n g a dj ( t h a t d a m n s ) d ze m n i n, dze i n i n
’
’
. .

d a m n i n g n ( d a m n a t ion ) d ze m i n ’
. .

d a m s e l n y ou n g u n m a r r ie d l a d y ; gir l , l a s s [ a rch a i c sy n on
.

y m ou s cogn a t e s d a m os e l d a m oz e l, d a m oz e l l ] d ze m z al
’
.
,

d a m s o n n ( p lu m ) d ac m z a n
'
. .

d a n c e n v d a zn t s d a zn t s d aazn t s ; ( a ls o, a n d i n B r i t a in n or
.
, ,

m a l ly ) d n zn s , d o zn s d azzn s , .

d a n d e l i o n n ( p l a n t ) d ze n d i l a i ou , d ae n d i l ai- a n ; ( vu lgar ly )
’ '
- -
.

dmn d i l a m d zc n dl a m
' ’
- —
.
,

d a n d i n Sa iv a m e n d ica n t [ p l u r a l da n d is ] d aan d i
’
. .

d a n d r u f f n scu r f [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e d a n d r i ] dz n d t a f
.
'
ff .

d a n d y n b oa t m a n o n t h e G a n g e s [ a ls o sp e lt da n d i, d a n d e e
.

'
pl u r a l d a n d i e s ] d w n d i .

d a n d y n b e a u , f op ; sl oop ; f ou l ; j u g ; gr at e ; c a r t [ p lur al
.

d a n d i es ] d r n d i
'
.

d a n d y n ( d a n d y f e v e r d e n gu e ) d ae n d i
’
-
.
.
,

j ye , c cu r e ; a the , 9 t h in ; 3d 3 j oy ; S s h oe t Sc he w ; a z u re , ,

a fu ll uu f ool
.

w w he n ; 1] s in g ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e ac t ,
i it i i see ; , , , ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t , a: d oor, s o n o, e b ed , e e gat e ;
,
13 8 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
d e b a u c h e e n ( on e a d dict e d t o d e b a u c h ) d e b c S ii
’
. .

d e b e n t u r e n ( ce rt i fica t e of i n d e b t e d n e s s ) d i b e nt S
'
. az .

d e b i l e a dj a r ch a ic ( w e a k , f e e b le ) d e b i l
’
. .

d e b o n a i r a dj p l e a sa n t , a ff ab l e [ a lso sp elt d e b on n air e, d e

.

b on n a ir ] d e b a n e zz
'
.

d e b o u c h v ( e m e r ge ) d i b uu S
'
. .

d e b r i s n f r a g m e n t a l re m a in s ; ru b b ish [ a l s o spe lt d ébris

.

'
pl u r a l d e b r is ] d i b e ri d e e b z i, d e b e i
’ ’
-
.
,

d e b t n t h a t w h ich i s ow e d e t c [ al s o spe l t d e t ] d et
. , . .

d e b t o r n on e w h o ow e s [ a l so s p e lt d e t t or ] d e t az
’
. .

d eb u t n ( e n t ry i n t o s ocie t y ; fi r st a ppe ara n ce ) d i b j uu , d e

’
.

b j ou d e e - b j u
’ ’
, .

d eb u t a n t n ( m a l e p e rf or m e r m a ki n g h is f ir st appeara n ce
.

in pu b l ic ) d e b j u t oi)
’
.

d eb u t a n t e n a f e m al e a p pe a r in g f or t he fir st t i me i n cc
.

ci e t y or b e f or e t h e p u b l ic ) d e b j u t a zn t d e e -hj o-t a zn t
’ ’
.
,

d e c a d n d e k ad
'
. sa m e m e a n i n g a s deca d e . .

d e c a d e n g r ou p of t e n y e a r s e t c [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e
.
, .

d ec a d ] d e k e d , d e k ad ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) d i k e e d
’ ’ ’
.

d e c a d e n c e n ( d e clin e ; d e t e ri or a t ion ) d i k e e - d n s , d e k a-d n s

’ ’
. .

d e c a d e n t a dj d i k e e d n t d e ka - d u t
' ’
-
. .
,

d e c a g r a m n a w e igh t of t e n gra m s [ a l s o s p e lt de ca gr a m m e,
.

d e ka g r a m ] d e ko- ge te m
’
.

d e c a l c om a n i a n (p ic t u r e -
t r a n s f e r p r o c e
. s s ) d i -
kz l k a m e e
'

n 1- 0 .

d e ca l i t e r n . a c p
a ac i t y m e a su r e
-
of t e n l it e r s [ a l s o s pe l t de
c a l it r e ,d e ka l i t e r ] d e k a l i i t a z
'
— -
.

d e c a l o g u e n t h e t e n c om m a n d m e n t s sa id t o h a v e b e e n giv e n
.

t o M ose s [ a l s o s p e l t d ec a l og ] d e k a l og
’
-
.

d e c a m e t e r n a m e a su r e o f t e n m e t e r s [ a l s o s p e lt de ca m e tr e,
.

d e k a m e t e r ] d e k a- m i i- t az
’
.

d e ca n a l a dj ( of a d e a n ) d e k a u i , d i k e e u i ; ( r a r e ly ) d i i
’ ’ '
- -
.

ka- n l .

d e c a n t a t i o n n ( a p ou r i n g of f ) dika n t e e - S a n , ( r ar e ly ) d e
’
.

k an t e e S
’
an -
.

d e c a p o d n d e ka p od
’
-
. .

D e c a p o d a n pl ( t e n - foot e d cru st acea n s ; t e n -arm d ce ph a l o

. .

) p da
’
p o d s d i k ze a -
.

d e c a r b o n i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt d e c a r b on is e ] d i k a zz -b a - n a i z
. .

d e c a s t i c h n ( p oe m of t e n li n e s ) d e k a- s t i k
'
. .

d e c e a s e n ( d e a t h ) d i S i is
’
. .

d e c e a s e d a dj d e a d [ a l s o s p e lt d e ce as t ] d i Si ist
’
. .

d e c e i t n ( d e c e p t ion ; f r a u d ; w i l e ) d i Si it
.
’
.

j ye , c cu r e ; it t h e 8 t hin ; 3 a u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
.

w w h e n , 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , u u ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
c p oe t ic ; 0 ove r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 13 9

d e c e i v e v m is l e a d ; t a k e i n [ p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t d e
.

c e i v e d, d ece iv d ] d i S i i v
’
.

d e c e m v i r n on e of a b od y or cou n cil of t e n m e n [ pl ura l

.

d e c e m v irs, d e c e mv ir i ] d i se m v az
’
.

d c c e m v i r a t e n ( b ody of d e ce m v ir s ; off ice or r u le of d e

.

m i ) m
’
c e v r s d i s e v a -
z at .

m i i m m
’
d e ce v r n (p l u r a . l o f d e c e v ir ) d i se v a -z a i .

i hi g [ l y] d
’
d c
e e n a r y n d e ce. n a , t t n a s o s p e l t d ece n n a r i s e n a - i
s .

’
dec e n cy n (p p
. r o r i e t y e t c ) d i i -
s a n SI
,
.
-
.

j ( i
’
d ec e n n a r y a d o f t e n y. e a r s ; d e c e n n a l ) d i s e n a -
Zi .

t a dj ( ) i
’
d c
e e n fi. t , r
p p ,o e r d e c o r o u s d i -
sa n t .

com
’
d e c e r n v ( i n Sc ot t is h l aw , d e cid e ; d e cr e e ) d i s s zz n
. .

p a r e d is c e r n .

d i d i k S ai z
’
de c h r i s t i a n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t . e c h r is t i a n s e ] s xs t a -n
.

'
d e ci a r e n (
. a t e n t h o f a n a r e ) d e s i -
e zz .

d e c i d e n c e n ( a f a l l in g o f f ) d e s x- d n s
’
. .

d e c i d u o u s a dj ( f a lli n g of f ; s h e d din g t h e l e a v e s e v e ry ye a r )
.

d i S i d 3 u - as , d i S i d j u - as
' ’
.

d e c i g r a m n a t e n t h of a gr a m [ al s o s p e lt d e cigr a m m e ]
.

d e S i - gz ze m
’
.

d e c i l i t e r n a t e n t h of a lit e r [ a l s o s p e l t d e ci li t r e ] d e SI -l i i
’
.

t ar ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) d i
’
S i l i -
t az .

d e c i m a l n ( of t e n t h p a r t s ; o f t e n ) d e s i m a l
'
-
. .

d e c i m a l i z a t i on n [ a l s o s p e lt d e ci m a l is a t i on ] d e Si - m al i z e e
’
.

m S
’

S a n , d e S i a l a i z e e -
a n -
.

d c c i m a l i z e n [ a l s o s p e l t d e c im a l is e ] d e s xm a- l a i z
’
. .

d e c i m a t or n on e w h o d e cim a t e s or d e s t r oy s [ a ls o s p e lt d eci
.
»

m a t e r ] d e S I - m e t az
’
.

d e c i m e t e r n a t e n t h of a m e t e r [ a l s o s p e lt d e c i m e tr e ]
.

d e s x- m i i- t oz
’
.

d e c i p h e r v i n t e rp re t [ a ls o s p e lt d e cyp h e r d e cife r ; p a s t pa r
. ,

t C p
i i l e a n d p r e t e r i t d e c ip h e r e d , d e c if e r d ] d i
’
s a i -f
az .

d e ci j i [
’ ’
s i v e a d c o n c l u
. s v a l s o s p e l t d e c is i v ] d i s a i -
Si v , d i s a i

z i v ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) d i S i S i v
'
.

)
’
d e ci t s e r e n ( a .t e n t h o f a s t o r e d e s r -
s t e zz .

i l i [ l l i i i ] d i l S
’
dec i v z a t i o n n a s o s p e .t d e c v i l s a t o n -
s x v r i z e e - an
,

d i- S i v i -l a i z e e S
'
an -
.

d e c i v i l i s c v [ a l s o sp e lt d e c iv il is e ] d i s xv r-l a i z
’
. .

d c k l c n p u lp c on f in i d e v ice ; r a w e d ge m a d e b y
-
c .
p pa e r

t h is d e v ice [ a l s o s p e lt d e c k e d e kl e ] d e k a l
'
.

d e c l a m a t o r y a d j ( of d e cl a m a t i on ) d i k u m a- t 0z i
’
. .

d e cl a r a t i v e a dj ch a r a c t e r iz e d b y d e cl a r a t ion [ a ls o s pe lt d e
.

c l a r a t iv ] d i k L z z a t i v
’
-
.

c: law ,fura: , a; c a t , 0 h ot , o i b oy ; a : f or , on n ow , a : a sk , a i k it e
h
l e n gt m a rk
-
i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g sou n d i s l on g

st r e s s-m a r k i n d i ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l la b l e .
1 4
0 D I CT I ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
d e cl e n s i on n d e cl in i n g ) d i k L e n S
’
.
( a an .

a t oz i , d i ku
’
d e c l i n a t or y i i d k
’
ad j .
( of d e cl n a t on ) i e a i -n -
ns
t ac t .

d e c oc t i b l e j ( ad b e
. i n g d e cca pa b l e
o c t e d ) d i k o k t a -b s l
of
’
.

d e c ol l a t e v ( b e h e a d ) d i k e l e t , d e ka-l e t
’ '
. .

d e c ol l a t i o n n ( act of b e h e a d n g) dika l e e - S an , d e ka l e e-S

’ '
. an .

d é c o l l e t é a dj ( l ow - n e ck t : s a id of a d res s ) d e -kol a t e e , d e
’
.

'
k ol a - t e .

d é c ol l e t é e a dj ( w e arin g a l ow -n e ckt dr e ss : said of a w o

.

m a n ) d e ol a t e d k
’ '
-
k e e o l a te
-
, .

d e c o l o r v d e p riv e of c ol or [ a l s o spe lt d e col ou r ] di ka laz

’
. .

d e c ol o r i z e v [ a l s o sp e lt d e col or is e, d e col ou ris e , d ecol ou rise ]

.

'
d i kA l o e n i z
-
.

d e c ol o r i z a t i o n n [ al s o sp e l t d e color is a t ion , d ecol ou ris a

.

t ion , d e c ol o ur is a t ion ] d i k A l aa z e e S d i k Al a z a i z e e -S
’ ’
- - an , - -
an .

d e c o r a t i v e a d j or n a m e n t a l [ a l s o s p e lt d ecor a t iv ] d e ka-r e t i v ,
’
.

d e k az a t i v ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) d i k oz a t i v
' -
’
-
.

d e c o r o u s a dj ( p r op e r ; d e ce n t ) d i k 0: -z as , d e ka-z as
’ '
. .

d e c o r u m n ( s e e m l i n e s s ; p r op r ie t y ) d i k 0: -z am
’
. .

d e c r e a s e v g r ow l e s s ; d i m in ish [ p as t pa r t i ci pl e a n d pr e t e ri t
.

d e cr e as e d, d e cr e as t ] d i kS Il S
'
.

d e c r e a s e n ( d i m i n u t ion ; ab a t e m e n t ) d i ks ris , d i i- ks is
' ’
. .

d e c r e m e n t n ( d e c r e a s e ; w a st e ; l os s ) d e ks r-m an t
’
. .

d e c r e p i d a dj d i ks e p i d sa m e m e a n i n g a s d e cr e p it
’
. . .

d e c r e p i t a dj w or n ou t ; old a n d f e e b le [ sy n on y m ou s cog
.

n a t e d e c r e p id ] d i ks e p i t
’
.

d c c r c t a l a dj ( of a d e cr e e ) d i kS i i- t i
'
. .

d e c r e t o r y a dj ( of a d e cr e e or f in a l j u dg m e n t ) d e kS i -t oz i ,
’
.

d i kS I l t a - Z I
'
-
.

d e c u b a t i o n n ob s ol e t e ( a ct of lyi n g d ow n ) d ik eu b e e -S
’
. an , .

d e k cu b e e - S
’
an .

d e c u s s a t e a dj ( cr ost ) d i lm s et , d i kA sat
’ ’
. .

d e c u s s a t e v ( in t e r se ct c r os s) d i k A s e t d e ka s e t
' ’
-
.
, , .

d e c u s s a t i o n n ( cr os s in g ) d i kA se e - S
’
de k a se e -S
’
. an an ,

d e d a l a dj s k il fu l ; m a z e lik e [a l s o s p e l t d a e d a l ] d i i -d al
.
-
’
.

d e d a l i a n a dj l ik e D a e d a lu s ; sk il f u l [ a l s o s p e l t d ae d a li an ,
.

d a e d a le a n ] d i d e e -l i- a n
’
.

d e d a l ou s a dj of D a e d alus, s k il fu l [ a ls o s p e lt d a e d a l ous ]
.

d e d a l as d i i d a - l a s
' '
-
.
,

d e d i c a t o r y n ( o f d e d ica t ion .
’
d e d i ka t 0z i , d e d i -k e t a- s i
-
'
f .

d e d u c e v ( d e r iv e ; in f e r ) d i d j uu s ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) d i d uu s
’ ’
. .

d e d u c i b l e a d j ( t h a t m a y b e d e d u ce d ) d i d j uu sa b al
’
- -
. .

d e e p e n i n g a dj n d i i p a n m d rip u m d i i- p m - i r)
' ' ' - - -
. , .
, , .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e , 8 t h i n , 3 a u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; 1) s i ng ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , a u l l , c u ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
0 p oe t ic ; 0 ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 4
1 2 DICT I ONAR Y O F HARD W ORD S
’
d é g a g é a dj ( e asy ; u n con st r ai n d ) d e ga 3 e e
. .

d e g l u t i t i o n n ( sw a ll ow i n g ) d e gl u t i S an , d igl u t i S
’ '
. an .

d e g r a d a t i on n ( d e posit ion ; l ow e ri n g ; de b a s e me nt ) d e gr a
.

de e- S
’
an .

d e g r a d a t i on n ( low e rin g of col or ; gr a dat ion of t i n t ; t oni ng

.

’
d ow n ) d igz a d e e - S a n , d e gz a d e e - S
’
an .

d e h i s c e v ( ga p e ; b u r st op e n ) d i b i s
’
. .

d e i c i d e n ( k ill in g of a god ) d i i- i -s a i d
'
.

d e i f i c a d j ( d e i fy i n g ; god l ik e ) di i f i k
’
. .

’
d e i f y v ( m ake a god of ) d i i-i - f a i
. .

d e i g n v t h in k fit ; con d e s ce n d [ p ast pa rt i ci ple an d pre t er i t

.

d e ign e d, d eign d ] d e e n .

d e i n o s a u r n s e e d in os aur . .

d e i s m n ( d oct r in c on ce r n in g G od ) d i i-i z am '

. .

d e i s t n ( b e li e v e r in G od , e t c ) d i i-i st
'
. . .

d e i s t i c a d j ( of d e is t s or d e ism ) d i i s t i k
’
. .

d e i t y n ( god h ood ; G od h e a d ) d i i- i -t i
'
. .

d e k a d r a c h m n sil v e r c oin [ a l s o s p e lt d eca dr achm ] de lra .

'

d t aam .

d e l a i n e n ( light f a b ri c) d i l s e n
'
. .

d e l a t o r n in f or m e r ; spy [ a l s o f or m e r ly s pe l t d el at er ] d i
.
, ,
'
l e e - t az .

. f
d e l c v ( i n p r oo r e a d in g, t a k e ou t ; r e m ov e ) d i i-l i '
.

d e l e b l e a dj s e e d e l i b l e . .

d e l e c t a t i on n ( act i on of d e ligh t in g ; p l e a su re ) d il e k t e e - S
.
'
an .

d e l e g a t e n ( d e p u t y ; r e p r e se n t a t iv ) d el i -g e t
’
. .

d e l e t e v ( d e s t r oy ; b l ot ou t ) d i l i it
’
. .

d e l e t e r i o u s a dj ( h u rt f u l ; n oxi ou s ) d e l i t i i -si -a s
’
. .

d e l e t i v e a d j e r a s iv [ a l s o sp el t d e l e t iv ] d i l i i -t i v ; ( l ess of
.
’

t e n ) d el i -t i v
'
.

d e l f n w a r e [ a l so spe lt d e lp h ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e d elf t ]

.

delf .

d e l i b l e a dj e r a sa b l e [ a ls o sp e lt d e l e b le ] d e l a-b al , ( l ess of
’
.

t e n ) d i i-l a-b ai
'
.

d e l i c a c y n f in e n e s s : d a in t in e s s [ pl u r a l d e l ica cie s ] d e l i k a-si

.
'
.

d e l i c a t e s s e n n pl ( f ood d e lica cie s ; i n S i n gu la r sh op w her e

. .
-
,

su c h a r t icl e s a r e s ol d ) d e l i k a t e s a n
’
.

d e l i q u e s c e v ( m e l t a w a y ; l iq u e fy ) d el i kw e s ’
. .

d e l i r i ou s a d j ( w a n d e r i n g i n m i n d ; cr a z e d ) d i l i z i - as
’
. .

d e l i r i u m n d is or d e r d m e n t al s t at e [ pl u ra l d e liriu m s d el iria ]
.
,

( l i l i r i om
’
-
.

d e l i v e r y n ( a h a n d i n g ov e r ; r e l e a s e ; c h il d b irt h ) d i l i va -z i ,
.
’

’
( r a pid ly ) d i l i v e i .

j ye . c cu r e : )
1 the . 0t h i n 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy : Ss h oe , t Sch ew ;
in w he n : 1) s 1 n g ; u w h o e v e r 1 r e a ct a
. . f u ll uu , f ool , r it , i t s e e ;
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o,
, e b ed . ee gat e ;
 DI C TI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 1 3 4
d e l u d c v ( d e ce iv e ; b e gu il e ; ch e a t ) d i l i uu d ; ( d i a l e c t a lly ) d i
’
.

l ou d .

[ ] i
’
d e l u s i v e a d j d e c e p t i.v a l s o s p e l t d e l u si v d i ,
l u u - i
S v .

d e l u s o r y ad j ( d e ce pt i v , d e lu si v ) d i l i uu - sa-Z I
’
. .

d e l v e v d ig ; s e a r c h [ a l s o s p e lt d e l v ; p a st pa rt i ci p le a n d
.

p r e t e r i t d e lv e d , d e l v d ] d e l v .

d e m a g n e t i z e v [ al s o sp e l t d e m a g n e t is e ] d i m azg n i - t a i z
’
. .

d e m a g o g i c a dj ( of or li k e a d e m a gog ) d e m a gog i k d e m a
’
.
,

ge d3 i k
'
.

d e m a g o g i s m n [ a l s o sp e lt d e m ag og s ] m m a g o g i z am ,
’
. u i d e - -

d e m a - g og - i z a m
’
.

d e m a g o g u e n le a d e r of t h e p e ople ; f a ct i ou s or a t or [ a l s o
.

m ag g ] m
’
spe t dl e o d e a -
g og .

d e m a g o g u e r y n ( d e m a g ogic p ra ct is e s ; d e m a gogi s m ) de
’
.

m a goga d m
’
gogn
-
- -Z i
, e a .

d e m a g o g y n ( a ct ion , q u alit y or ru l e of d e m a g ogs ; b od y of

.
,

m d m god 3 i
’ ’
de m a gogs ) d e a - o
g g , i e o -
.

d om a i n n d i m e e n sa m e m e a n i n g a s d em e s n e
’
. . .

d e m a n d n , v ( r e q u e st ) d i m a zn d d i m a zn d d i m w zn d
’ ’ ’
. . , .
,

d e m a r c a t i o n n d e li m i t at ion [ a l s o s p e l t d e m a r ka t i on ] d i
.

m z e S k
'
a e -
an .

d e m e a n v d e b a s e , l ow e r , b e m e a n [ p a s t p a rt i c i pl e a n d p re t
.

e r i t de m e a n ed d e m e a n d ] d i m i in
’
.
,

d e m e a n v b e h a v e ca r ry, con d u ct ( on e s e l f ) d i m i in
’
. .
,

d e m e a n n ( m e a n d e m e a n or , b e h a v ior con d u ct ) d i m i in
’
. , , .

d e m e a n or n b e h a v i or [ a l s o s p e l t d e m e a n ou r ] d i m i i- n az
’
. .

d e m e n t i a n ( in sa n it y ) d i m e n S d i me ntS
’ ’
. a o , .

d e m e s n e n l a n d e d e s t a t e [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s p e lt d e m a i n ]
.

d i m e e n , d i m i in
' ’
.

d e m i j oh n n ( b ig b ot t l e ) d e m i - d 3 on ; ( v u lg a r ly ) d i m i - d 3 on
’ '
. .

d e m i -m o n d o n ( cl a s s of w om e n of d ou b t fu l re pu t e ) d e m i
.

m on d d e m i - m on d
’ ’
, .

d e m i s e n ( t r a n s f e r b y w ill ; d e a t h ) d i m a i z ; ( e rr on e ou s ly )
’
.

d i m i iz
’
.

d e m i t v ( se n d d ow n ; l ow e r ) d i m i t
’
. .

d e m ob i l i z e v d is b a n d [ a ls o s p e lt d e m ob il is e ] d i m oo- b i -l a i z
'
. .

d e m o i s e l l e n ( y ou n g l a d y ; cra n e ; d ra gon fly ) d e m w o z e l

’
-
. .

d e m ol i t i o n n ( a d e m ol is h i n g ) d e m a l i S a n dim a l i S
’ '
. an , .

d e m o n n b e in g b e t w e e n god s a n d m e n [ a l s o s p e l t d a e m on ]
.

d i i m a n d i i - m on
’ ’
-
, .

d e m o n e t i z e v d iv e s t of m on e t a ry v a lu e [ a l s o s p e l t d e m on e
.

t is e ] d i m e n i - t a i z di m A n i t a i z
’ ’
-
.
,

d e m o n i a c a d j ( p a s s e st b y a d e m on ; d e v ilis h ) d i m 0o- n i-aek

.
’
.

c: l aw , a:f u r, c c at , o
a h ot ,
b oy ; a : f or , a s n ow , u: a sk , a i k it e
or °

l e n gt h - m a r k i n di ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g
s t r e s s - m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h i e f
st r e s s on t h e f e l l ow m g s y l l a b l e .
14
4 DI C T I O NA RY O F HARD W O RD S
dem i a c a l a dj ( d e m on -lik e ; f i e n di sh ) di m a n ai -a-k al , ( l ess
'
on .

f
o t e n ) d e m a n ai-a- k al
'
.

d e m o n i z e v [ al s o spe lt d e m on is e ] d i i-m a-n a i z

’
. .

d e m o n ol o g y n ( t re a t i s on d e m on s ; st u dy of d e m on s ) d i m s
.

’
n ol a - d 3 i , ( l es s o t e n ) d e m a n oia- d 3 i
'
f .

d e m o n s t r a b l e a dj d i m on s t ga b al , d e m an st xa-b al
’ ’
-
. .

d e m o n s t r a t e v ( p oin t ou t ; p rov e ) d e m an s t xe t , d i m on
' ’
-
.

st re t .

d em iv e j [ a lso s p e lt d e m on s t ra t iv ] d i m on st xa
’
on s t r a t ad .

ti v .

d em d e m a n s t re t az
’
( d m
'
o n s t r a t or l y) o n s t ge t az
-
n . rar
-
e i , .

d om or a l i z a t i on n [ l m i ] d -m
oz al i z e e
’
. a l s o s p e t d e o r a l is a t on i

Sa n d i m oz o l a i z e c Sa n
’
- — -
.
,

d e m o r a l i z e v cor ru pt t h e m or a l s of con u s e [ al so spe lt d e

. f
m or a l is e ] d i m e z a -l a i z
’
.

D e m o s t h e n i c a dj ( of D e m os t h e n e s ) d i m os O e n i k , d e m e s O e
’ '
.

ni k .

d e m y n s iz e of p a p e r [ p l ur a l d e m ie s ] d i m a i
’
. .

dem y n ou n d a t i on
. f s c h ol a r at M a g d a li n C oll e ge , O x or d f
[ a l so s p e l t d e m i pl u r a l d e m ies ] d i m a i
’
.

d e n a l a dj ( of t e n ; d e n a r ) d e n l
.
’
y .

d e n a r i u s n s ilv e r coi n ; w e igh t ; p e n n

.
[ pl u r a l d e n a r n ] d i y
n e z-s i- a s
’
.

d e n a t i on a l i z a t i on n [ a l s o s pe l t d e n a t ion a lisa t ion ] d i .

' '
a a n l i z e e Sa n d i n ae Sa n l a i z e e Sa n
- -
,
- — -
.

d e n a t i o n a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t d e n a t ion a l is e ] d i n a S
’
. an l s i z —
.

d en a t u r al iz e v [ a l s o s p e l t d e n a t u r a l is e ] d i n zc t Saz a-l a i z
'
.
,

p
( ra id ly ) d i n ze t Ss a l a i z
’
-
.

d e n gu e n . f
e v e r [ s n on y m ou s c og n a t e d e n g a ] y ’
d e n-ge .

d e n i e r n ( o n e w h o d e n i e s ) d i n a i - az
’
. .

d e n i e r n ( Fr e n ch c oi n ) d i fn i zz , d e n i 0e
’ ’
. d e n i e , ds n j ee
' -
,
-
.

d e n i m n ( c lot h ) d e n i m
’
. .

d é n o u e m e n t n ( u n r a v e li n g ; s ol u t ion of a m y s t e ry ; e v e n t )
.

d e n u u m on
’
-
.

d e n t i f r i c e n t oot h cl e a n in g p r e pa r a t ion [ al s o s p e l t d e n t i
.
-

f r is ]
’
d e n t i - fm s .

d e n t i l a t e d a d j h a v in g t e e t h [ a l s o s p e l t d e n t i l l a t e d , d e n t e
.

Ia t e d ] d e n t i l e t i d
'
-
.

d e n t i n n h a r d t i ssu e of t e e t h [ a l s o s p e l t d e n t in e ] d e n t i n
.
'
.

d e n t i z e v t e e t h e [ a l s o s pe l t d e n t is e ] d e n t n i z
’
-
. .

d e n u d a t i on n ( a la i n g b a re ; d iv e s t in g ) din j u d e e Sa n
.
'
y -
,

d e nj u d e e S
’
an -
.

d e n u d a t o a dj ( d e n u d e d ; b a r e ) d i n j u u d e t d e n j u- d e t
’ ’
-
.
, .

l ye ,C cu r e : a t h e 8 t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc h e w ;
.

w w h e n ; I] S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u l l , ou ool , i i t , xi s e e : f f
a p oe t i c ; 0 ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
 4
1 6 DI C TI O NARY O F HARD WORD S
h ou se , r e p os it ory [ a ls o spe lt d e os i tary ] d i pe z i t 0z i , d i pe z i p '
-
'

'
t az i , d i p o Z I t a -
zi .

d e p ot n s t ora ge - pl a ce ; h e a d q u a rt e r s ; r a il w ay -st a t ion [ al s o

.

s pe lt d e o p
t a n d , s om e t im e s d e ot ]
’
d i i p 0, d e p0, d e e -p0,
' ’
, p -

d i p 00
'
.

d e p r e c a t or y a dj ( d is pa r a gi n g ) d e ps i ka-t oz i
'
. .

d e p r e c i a t e v l ow e r t h e v a l u e o f [ a l so f or m e rly , spe lt d e
.
,

p e a e]
r t i t d i
’
p S i i i
S ; (
e t i m p r op e r l y) d I p S I i - i-
S ci - -
'
.

d e p r i v a t i o n n ( a ct of d e p r iv in g ; d isp oss e ssi on ) d e ps r v e e

’
.

San .

d e p r i v a t i v e a dj of d e p r iv a t ion [ a ls o s p e lt d epriva tiv ] d e

’
.

pS I V e t I V d i pS i v a t i v
’
- -
.
,

d e p t h n ( d e e p n e ss e t c ) d e p t) ; ( le ss p r op e r ly ) de b 8
.
, . .

d e p t h s n ( pl u r a l of d e p t h ) d e p es ( s om e ti m e s ) de p s
. , .

d e p u r a n t a dj ( p u r if y i n g ) d e pcu -z an t d i pcu z z ant

’ ’
-
.
.
,

d e p u r a t e v ( pu r if y ; d e n se ) d e p cu-z e t , d i pcu z-z e t

' '
. .

d e p u t i z e v [ a ls o s p e l t d e p u t is e ] d e p cu-t a i z
'
. .

d e p u t y n ( su b s t i t u t e ) d e p eu t i ( a n t e r i or ly ) d e p cut i
' ’
-
.
, .

D e r b y n ( h or s e -r a ce ) d a zz -b i d a ze -b i
’ ’
.
.
,

d e r b y n ( st iff h a t ; m a s on s f loa t ) d s zz b i d a ze -b i
’ ’ ’
-
.
.
,

d e r e l i c t a dj ( f or sa k e n ; u n f a it h f u l ) d e z i l i k t
'
-
. .

d e r e l i c t v ( ab a n d on ; f a il t o k e e p ; f a ll s h ort of ) d e z i l i kt
’
. .

d e r i s i v e a dj scoff in g ; m ock in g [ a ls o spe lt d e risi v ] d i e s i

'
.

’
S IV ,di z ai Z i v -
.

d e r i v a t i v e a dj of d e r iv e d n a t u re , e t c [ a ls o s p e l t d er iva tiv ]
. .

'
d i Z i va t i v —
.

d e r n i e r a dj ( l a s t f i n a l ) d s z n i s e d s z n i e d a z n j e e
' ’ '
- -
.
.
, , ,
’
d e r o g a t e v ( r e p e a l ; t a ke a w a y ) d e z a ge t
.
-
.

'
d or o g a t i v o a dj b e l it t l i n g [ a l s o sp e l t d e r og a t iv ]. d i z oga t i v
-
.

d e r o g a t o r n on e w h o d e r oga t e s [ al so f or m e rly , spe l t d er o

.
,

d e r oga t e r ] d e z a g e t az
’
g u t ou r ,
-
.

d e r r i c k n h oi s t in g- d e v ice [ al s o, or m e rly , s pe lt d e r i ck, d er

. f
ic] d e Z i k
'
.

d er vi sh n . f
r ia r [ f or m e r s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s d e r v is, d er

d u ze - V i S
'
v is e , d i r v i s h ] .

d e s c a n t n cou n t e rp oin t , e t c ; com m e n t [ s y n on y m ou s cog

. .

n a t e d is c a n t ] d e - skaen t , d i ska n t
' '
.

d e s c a n t v pl a y or s in g a n a ir i n h a r m on y w it h a ixt t h e m e
. f
[ a l s o s p e l t d is ca n t ] d i skat n t
'
.

d e s c e n d a n c e n d e sce n t , l in e age [ a l s o s p e l t d es ce n d an ce ] d i
.

'
se n dan s .

d e s c e n d a n t n on e w h o i s d e sce n d e d rom a n a n ce s t or ; off

. f
s p r in g [ a l s o, o r m e rl f
s p e l t d es c e n d a n t ] ( 11 s e n d 0n t
’
y , .

i ye c cu r e ; b t h e 8 t h i n ; 3 az u r e ( 13 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
°

, . ,

i n w h e n ; 1] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct a u ll , on ool , i i t , i i s ee ; . f f
o p oe ti c ; s ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0 d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
°
 DI C TI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 1 7 4
d e s ce n d e n t a dj d e s c e n d in g ; com in g d ow n ; a l s o, ori gin a .

t i n g f r om a n a n ce s t or [ a l s o s pe l t d e s c e n d a n t ] d i s e n d a n t
’
.

d e s c e n d i b l e a dj t h a t m a y d e s ce n d t o a n h e ir ; a ls o, cap a .

b l e of b e in g d e sce n d e d , a s a b il l [ a ls o s pe lt d e s ce n d a b l e ] d i
s e n d o b al
’
-
.

d e s c e n s i o n n ( d e sce n t , f a ll ) d i s e n S
' ’
0n
. d i se nt S 0n , .

d e s c e n t n ( a ct of d e sce n d in g ; f a l l ; h e r e d it a ry t r a n s mi ss w n )
.

’
d i se n t .

d e s c r y v ( ca t ch s igh t of ; e s py ; p e r ce iv e ) d i sks s i
'
. .

d e s e r t v ( a b a n d on f orsa ke ) d i z s zz t
’
. .
,
’
d e s e r t a dj ( d e s e rt e d ; b a rr e n ) d e z az t
. .

d e s e r t n ( d e se rt p l ace w ild e r n e ss ) d e z az t
’
.
. ,
'
d e s e r t n ( t h a t w h ich is d e se rv d ) d i z a zz t
. .

d e s e r t n ( cou r se of s w e e t m e a t s e t c ) d i z s zz t
’
. se e dess er t , . . .

d e s e r v e v m e r it [ a ls o s p e lt d e s e r v ; p a s t pa rt i ci pl e a n d pr e t
.

e r i t d e s e r v e d, d e s e rv d ] d i z a zz v
’
.

d e s h a b i l l e n d e z a b i il , d e s a b i il , d e z a-b il sa m e m e a n i ng
' ’ '
. .

a s d is h a b i ll e .

d
'
d si ca d k
'
e c n t a d j ( se r v i n g t o d r y) i S i k.a n t , e s x -
a n t .

d e s i c c a t e v ( d r y u p ) d e Si k e t d i S i k e t
’ '
-
. ,
.

d e s i c c a t i o n n ( a ct ion of m a k in g d ry ; d rie d u p con d iti on ) .

d S S I k e e Sa n
’
—
.

] d -k e
t i v, di si
' '
d e s i c c a t i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t d e s i c ca t i v e S i
.

ka t i v -
.

d e s i c c a t o r n d e s r-k e t az
'
. .

d e s i d e r a t u m n s om e t h i n g d e si r e d [ pl u r a l d e s i d e r a t a ] d i .

S i d a z e e -t a m
’
.

’
d e s i g n n v ( pl a n ) d i z a i n , d i sa i n
’
. . .
,

d e s i g n a b l e a dj ( t h a t ca n b e m a rkt ou t d ist i n gu is h a b l e ) . ,

d e Z i g n a b al d e S i g n a b al ; ( ca pa b l e of b e in g d e s ign e d ) d i
’ ’
- -
,
’
n a b al
’
z ai n 0 b0 , d
1
-
i s a-
i - -
.

m d
' '
d e s g a t e v (p
i n o i n t o u t ; n a e ) . d e n g
-
n e t, e s x g net
-
.

d e s i g n a t i on n d e z i g n e e S de si g n e e S
’ ’
an . an -
,
-
.

[ a ls o s p e lt d e s ign a t i v ] d e z i g n e t i v , d e
' '
d e s i g n a t i v e a dj .
-

Si g
-
n et i v .

d e z i g - n e t az , d e s rg- n e t az
’ '
d e si gn a t or n . .

di
' ’
d esi gn a t or y n d e 2 i g n e t 0-Z i , d e S i g n e t a- z i ,
.
- -
( r ar e ly )
'
S i g n a -
t 0Z i .

d e s i g n e d a dj p la n d ; f or m d [ a ls o s p e lt d e s ig n d ] d i z a i n d
'
. .

’
d e s i g n e d l y a d v ( on p u r p os e ) d i z e i n i d l i d i s a i n i d l i
’
- - - -
.
.
,

d e s i g n e r n ( on e w h o d e sign s ; s ch e m e r ) d i z a i n az , d i sa i
' '
-
.

n ae .

’
d e si r a ble ad j .
(to be d e s ir e d ; d e l e ct a b l e ) d i z a i -z a- b ai .

c: la w fu r
, a: , c ca t , o
a b oy ; a : f or a c n ow , 8 : a s k , or ki t e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n g t h m a rk -
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

s t r e s s - m a rk i n d i ca t e s ch 1 e f
st r e s s on t h e f ollow m g s y ll a b l e .
 4
1 8 DICTIONARY O F HARD WORD S
di
’ '
d e si s t v . ( ce a s e , s t 0p ) di z i st , s i st .

d esi st a n [ a ls o d e sis t e n c e ] d i di
'
ce n . ce s sa t i on sp e l t z i st n s,
’ o
s xs t n s .

d e s i t i on n ( e n d , con clu sion ) d i 9 1 50n

'
. .

d e s m i d n ( al ga ) d e s ui i d
'
. .

d e s m o d o n t n ( m ol lu s k ) d e s i i a-d on t
’
. .

d e s m oi d a dj ( like a b u n d l e ; t e n d in ou s ) d e s-in oi d
’
. .

d e s o l a t e a d j ( l e ft a l on e ; d e s e rt e d ) d e s a l at ; ( l ess pr operly )
'
-
.

'
d e z a l at -
.

d e s ol a t o r n [ a l s o s pe lt d e s ol a t e r ] d e sa-l e t az
'
. .

a n ; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) d e z a l e e-S
'
d e s o l a t i on n d e s o le e S
'
. an -
.

d e s p a t c h n d i sp ze t S s e e d is p a t ch
’
. . .

d e s p e r a d o n d e s p e r a t e or r e ck le s s m a n [ pl u ral d es p er ad os,
.

p
d e s e r a d oe s ] d e s p a
'
z e e d o d e s p a z a z d 0 d e s p a
’
z a : -d o -
,
'
-
,
.

d k b al ; ( v u lgar
'
d e s p i c a b l e a dj ( t o b e d e s p i s e d ; b as e )
. e s p i o -

ly ) d i s p i ko b al
'
-
.

d e s p i s e v ( l ook d ow n on ; s cor n ) d i s p a i z
'
. .

d e s p i t e n ( scor n ; e t c ) d i s p a i t
’
. . .

d e s p i t e p r e p ( i n s p i t e of ) d i s p a i t
'
. .

d e s p i t e o u s a dj ( ar ch a i c) f u ll of d e sp it e [ a ls o spe lt dispi t
.

e ou s ] i
’
d i sp i t as
-
.

d e s p on d e n t a dj
’
n d i s p on d a n t .
, . .

d e s p u m a t e v ( s k i m ) d i s p cu u - m e t , d e s pea -m e t
’ ’
. .

d e s p u m a t i o n n d e s p eu m e e S
’
an .
-
.

d e s q u a m a t e v ( s ca le ; p e e l ) d e sk w a- m e t , d i s k w e e -m e t
’ ’
. .

d e s q u a m a t i o n n d e s k w a m e e Sa n , ( r a r e ly ) d isk w a m e e -S
’ '
an.
-
.

-
d e s q u a m a t i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t d e s q u a m a t iv ] d i s kw a m a
'
.

ti v .

d esser t n . c ou r s e of sw e e t m e a t s , e t c. [ als o s pe l t d es er t ] d i
( i mp r op e r ly ) d e z az t
d e s er t c om pa r e
' ’ ’
z u :z t , di s u zz t ; . .

d e s t i n e v a p p oi n t ; p r e d e t e r min [ a l s o s p e l t d e s t in ; p ast pa r
.

t i C i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t d e s t in e d d e s t i n d ] d e s t i n
’
.
,
'
d e s t r u c t i b l e a dj ( ca p a b l e of b e in g d e st r oy d ) d i s t ga k t a
.

b al .

d e s u e t u d e n ( d is u s e ) d e s w i - t eu d
’
. .

m i l
’
d e s u l t o r y a dj ( s ki pp g i n a b ou t ; u. n e t h od c a ) d e sa l -
t 0z 1 ;
( l es s p r op e r l y)
’
d e z a l -
t oz r .

d e t a i l n ( a t t e n t ion t o p a r t i cu l a r s ; it e m ) d i t e ci , d i i-t el
' '
. .

d e t a i l v d e a l m in u t e ly w it h ; a pp oi n t t o a p a r t icu la r d u t y
.

[ p a st pa r t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t d e t a il e d d e t a il d ] d i t e ci
'
.
,

d e t a n t n ( d e t e n t in a gu n - l ock ) d i t aen t
'
. .

d e t e c t a b l e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t d e t e c t ib l e ] d i t e k t a-b al
'
. .

d e t e c t o r n [ a l s o s p e l t d e te c t or ] d i t e kt az
'
. .

5 ye c cu t e : 6 t h e
, 8 t hin 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t sc h e w ;
.

w w h e n ; i) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
0 poe t i c ; 0 ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, 8 b e d , e e ga t e ;
150 DI C T I O N ARY O F HARD WORD S
d e v i s e e n ( t h e pe r s on t o w h om p r ope rt y is d e vise d b y w i ll )
.

d e v x z xi, d i -v a i z i i
’ '
.

d e v i s or n ( in v e n t or cont r iv e r ) d i v a i - z az
’
. .
,

d e v i s o r n ( on e w h o gi v e s b y w il l ) d i v a i - z az d i v a i -z e zz
' '
.
. ,

d e v oi r n ( du t y , b u sin e ss ; d u t i f u l a ct of civ ilit y or re sp e ct )

.

' ' ’
d a v w ozz , d e v w ozz d e - v w ozz , .

d e v o l v e v r ol l d ow n ; f a ll a s a d u t y [ a l s o s pe l t d ev olv ; p a st
.

p a r t i c i p l e a n d pr e t e r i t d e v olv e d d e v olv d ] d i v e l y
’
.
,

d e w n ( s m a ll d r op s of w a t e r f or m e d a s on t h e gra ss , f r om
.
,

t h e c on d e n sa t i on of v a p or ) d j u u ( di a l e c t a lly ) d uu , .

d e x t r i n n s t a rch gu m [ a l s o s p e l t d ex t r in e ] d e k st gi n
’
-
. .

d e x t r o u s a dj d e f t of h a n d [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e d e x t er ou s ]
.

'
d e k s t ga s .

d e y n ( f or m e r t it l e of t h e g ov e r n or of A l gie r s ) de e
. .

d h on e y n s a il in g- v e s se l of s ou t h e r n In dia [ al s o s pe lt d on e y ]
.

d oo- n i
'
.

d i a b e t e s n ( g lu cos u r ia ; a l s o p oly u r i a ) d ai-a b i i-t i s , d ai-a

.
’
,

b i i t iz
'
-
.

d i a b l e r i e n m i s ch ie f ; s or ce ry [ al s o s pe lt d ia b l e ry ] d i a
.
'

b l e -2 1 .

d i a b ol i c a d j ( d e v il is h ) d a i a b ol i k
’
-
. .

d i a b ol i s m n w it ch cr a f t ; d ev ilt ry ; d oct rin of d e v il s ; n a t ure

.

of a d e v il ) d a i zcb a l i z a m
’
-
.

d i a b ol i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t d i a b ol is e ] d a i a b a - l a i z
’
. .

d i a c e t i n n d a i aeS i t i n , d ai- 0 S i i- t i n
’ ’
-
. .

d i a e r e s i s n s e e d i e r e s is . .

d i a g n o s e v ( a sce r t a in f r om sy m pt om s ) d a i ag n 0os, da i-ag

.
-
'

’
n 0oz .

d i a g n o s i s n i d e n t i f ica t i on o f a d is e a s e f r om sy m pt om s
.

[ pl u r a l d i a gn os e s ] d a i ag u a a S i s
’
- -
.

d i a l v m e asu r e w it h a d i al [ p r e s e n t p a r t i ci pl e di alin g d ia l
.
,

l in g ; p a st pa rt m i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t d i a l e d, d ia ll e d, dia l d ] d ai
'

01 .

d i a l l a g e n ( f igu r e of s p e e ch ) d a i w l a d 3 i
.
'
-
.

d i a l l a g e n ( g re e n p y r oxe n e ) d a i-a- l i d 3 d a i a l s - d 3 i
.
’
, .

d i a l o g i c a dj ( of d i a l og ) d a i- 0 1od 3 i k'
. .

d i a l o g i s m n ( d is cu s s i on in d i a l og f or m ) d a i w l a d 3 i z a m
.
’
-
.

d i a l o g i s t n d a i ze l a d 3 i s t
’
-
. .

d i a l o g i z e v d is cou r s e i n d ia l og [ a l s o s p e l t dia l ogis e ] d ai

.

'
ael a d 3 a i z
—
.

d i a l o g u e n coll oq u y [ al s o s p e l t d ia l og ] d ai - 0 l og
.
'
-
.

d i a l y z e v s e p a r a t e cr y s t a ll oid f r om coll oid t h ru a m e mb ra n e

.

[ l l d ]
'
a s o s p e t ia l y s e d a i-
a -
lai z .

j ye , 9 cu
t e ; 6 the . 8 t hin ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
10 w he n ; i) S i ng ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct a
.

ool i
, full on , f . it , i i s e e ;
0 p oe t i c ; 0 ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, 8 b e d , so ga t e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD W O R D S 15 1

d ia m e t er n .
( ch or d t h ru t h e ce n t e r of a ci r cl e , etc .
) dai
m i - t az
'
a .

d i a m i n e n che m ic com p ou n d [ a ls o, s om e t im e s s pe lt d ia
.
,

m in ] d ai a m i n , d ai -a- ni a i n , d a i w m i n
’ ’ ’
- -
.

d i a m on d n d i m an d
’
( h a r d ca r b on c r y s t a l.; l oz e n g e ) a a - -
,

d a i m an d
'
-
.

d i a n o e t i c a dj ( of t h ou g h t ) d a i a n o e t i k
’
- -
. .

d i a p a s on n ( co co d ;
n r m e l od y ; t u.n i n g f or k ) d a i -a
’
p e e -
z an , -

d a i a pe e s on
’
- -
.

d i a p e r n ( f a b r ic ; clou t ) d a i a paz
’
— —
. .

d i a p h a n o u s a dj ( t r a n spa r e n t p e ll u cid ) d a i mf a n as
’
-
. , .

’
d i a p h o r e s i s n ( p e r s pi ra t ion ) d a i a fa z xi S i s .
- -
.

d i a p h r a g m n mid r if ; t h in p a rt it i on or s e pt u m [ a l s o s pe l t
.

d i afr a m ] d a i a- fsx m
’
-
.

d i a p h r a g m a t i c a dj of t h e d ia f r a m [ a l s o s p e l t d i af r a g m a t ic] .

d i f sw g m a t i k
’
- -
a a .

d i a r r h e a n t oo f r e q u e n t e v a cu a t ion of t h e b ow e l s [ a l s o
.

s p e l t d ia rr h o e a ] d a i s e i i a
'
- -
.

d i a r r h e i c a dj d ia rr h e t ic [ a l s o s p e l t d ia rr h oe ic ] d a i- a z i i- i k
’
. .

d i a r r h e t i c a dj of d ia r r h e a [ a l s o s pe l t d ia r r h oe t ic ] d ai -o
.

z e t i k , d a i a z xi t i k
’ ’
- -
.

'
d i a r y n d a ily r e cor d , j ou r n a l [ p l u r a l d ia r i es ] d a i- a- ci
. .

d i a s t a s e n ( f e r m e n t ) d ai a-s t e s
’
-
. .

d i a s t e m a n in t e r v a l b e t w e e n t e e t h [ p l u r a l d i a s t e m a t a ] d a i
.

o s t i i- m a
'
.

'

d i a s t ol e n ( d il a t a t i on ; a ls o m a r k of s e p a ra t ion ) d a i ms t a - l i
’
. .
,
'
d i a s t y l e a dj ( of a col on n a d e ) d a i-a- st a i l . .

]
'
di a t h e s i s n p r e d i s p os i t i o n [p
. l ur a l d i a t h e s e s d a i a O I -
SIS .

d i a t om n ( a lg a ) d a i a t om , d a i a t om
' '
- - - -
. .

d i a t r i b e n ( d iscou r s e ; i n v e ct iv ) d a i a t ga i b
’
- -
. .

d i c e n ( p lu r a l of d i e ; a l s o a g a m e w i t h d ice ) d a i s
.
, .

d i c h o t om i z e v [ a ls o s p e lt d ich ot om is e ] d i k ot a- m a i z , d a i
'
.

k ot a- m a i z
’
.

d i c h o t o m y n ( d iv is ion i n t o t w o) d i kot a - m i d a i kot a-m i

’ ’
.
.
,

d i c h r oi s m n ( t h e p r op e r t y of s h ow in g t w o c ol or s ) d a i -ks o
'
.

i z am .

d i c k e n s n d e u ce , d e v il [ a l s o, f or m e rly , sp e l t d ickin s ; sy n on
.

y m ou s cogn a t e s d ic k on s d ic k in gs ] d i k i n z
'
.
,

d i c k y n h e a s s ; b i r d ; coll a r ; b ib [ a l s o s p e lt d ick ey, di cki e ;

.

p l u r a l d ic kie s ] d i k i
’
.

d i c l i n o u s a d j ( h a v in g t h e t w o se x e s s e p ar a t e d : sa id of
.

p l a n t s w i t h u n i s e x u a l f l ow e r s )
'
d a i -
k L i -n a
s ,
'
d i k L i -n as
, di
k i a i n a s d a i k L a i n as
' '
- -
.
, .

c: l ow ,f ur , a: c ca t ,
a 0 h ot ,
b oy ; a : f or , a n n ow , a : a s k , or ki t e ;
or
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s lon g ;

st r e ss -
ma rk i n d i ca t e s ch i e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl l a b l e .
 152 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
d i c t a t e v ( pu t in t o w ord s t o b e w r it t e n d ow n ; gi ve orde rs
.

'
l a y d ow n t h e l a w ) d i k - t e t d i k t e e t
'
.
,

d i c t a t e n ( au t h orit a t iv or d e r ) d i k -t e t
’
. .

d i c t a t i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e lt d ic t a t iv ] d i k t e e t i v d i k t a-t i v
' '
-
.
, .

d i c t a t o r n ( a ru l e r w h o d ict at e s ; on e w h o d ict a t e s l e tt e rs
. .

e t c ) d i k t e e t az d i k t e t az
’ ’
- -
. .
,
’
d i c t a t or y a dj ( d ict a t or ia l ) d i k t a t 0z i , d i k t a t az i
'
- -
. .

k i ) d k
’
d i ct d l d k S S
’
i o n a r y n ( w o r -
b oo ; e x .c o n i 0 n e z i , i a n az i ,
- -

( r a p idly ) d i k SN e Z I d i k SN 0z 1 d i k SN s r
’ ’ ’
- - '
.
, ,

d i c t u m n s a y in g ; p r on ou n ce m e nt ; m a xi m [ plural dic ta, dic

.

t u ms ] d i k t s m
’
.

D i d a c h i s t n ( w r it e r of t h e Did ach e ) d i da k i st
.
'
-
.

'
d i d a c t i c a dj ( in s t r u ct iv ) d a i d a kt i k d i daekt i k
’
. .
,

d i d a c t y l a dj h a v i n g t w o f in ge rs [ a ls o s pe lt d id ac ty l e ] d a i
.

'
d azk t i l .

d i d r a c h m n ( s il v e r co i n w ort h t w o d ra ch m a e ) d a i -d ra m
'
. .

d i d y m i u m n ( m e t a l ) d i d i m i- a m , d a i d i m i-a m
’ ’
. .

d i e n [ pl u m ] , i n t h e s e n s e of a s m a ll cu b e m a r kt w it h sp ot s,
.

u s e d i n ga m i n g , d ic e , i n a l l ot h e r s e n s e s d ie s ] d a i .

d i e v ce a s e t o l iv e [ p r e s e n t p a rt i c i pl e dy in g ; p as t pa rt i ci ple
.

a n d p r e t e r i t d ie d ] d a i .

d i oc i o u s a dj s e e d ioe c iou s . .

d i or n on e w h o d ie s [ a l s o, or m e r l , s p e lt d y er ] d ai-az
.
’
f y .

d i e r e s i s n d iv i s ion in t o t w o s e pa r a t e sy ll ab l e s ; t w o-d ot sign

.

ov e r a v ow e l [ a l s o s p e l t d ia e re s is ; p l u r a l d ie r e s es ] d ai ez i
’

’ ’
S I S , d a i i z- r i - S i s ; ( i m r o e r ly ) d a i o m i s rs p p - -
.

d i e s n ( d a y ) d a i- i z
'
. .

d i e s i s n s e m it on e , e t c ; d ou b le d agge r [ al so spe lt d iésis ;

. .

’
p l ur a l d ie s e s ] d a i -
i -
Si s .

d i e t a r y n ( c ou r s e o f d ie t ) d ai- i - t e Z i
’
. .

'
d i e t i n e n ( su b or d in a t e die t ) d a i- i t i n , d ai- i -t i n
’
-
. .

d i e t i s t n ( on e w h o d ie t s , e t c ) d a i- i -t rst
'
. . .

d i f f e r e n c e n ( d iv e rs it y , e t c ; q u a rre l ) d i a-z a n s , ( ra idly)

.
’
. f p
d i fs a n s
'
.

d i f f e r e n t a dj
’
-
.
’
d i a z a n t , ( r a i d l y ) d i fs an tf p .

d i f f e r e n t i a t e v ( m a k e d i e r e n t ; s p e cia l i z e ) d i f 0 z e n S
.
'
i- e t ff .

' '
. f
d i f f i c i l a dj d i f icu l t ; u n a ccom m od at in g [ a l s o sp e l t di icil e ] ff
d i f i S i l d i fi Si l
,
-
.

d i f f i d e n c e n ( m ist r u s t ; s h y n e ss ) d i i - d n s
.
'
f .

. f
d i f f l u e n c e n ( a l ow in g a p a r t : d e l iq u e sce n ce ) d i f L iu -on s
'
.

d i f f u s e a d j ( s p r e a d ou t : w or d ) d i f iu u s
.
’
y .

d i f f u s e v ( p ou r ort h ; in t e r m in gl e ) d i fiuu z
. f
'
.

d i f f u s i v e a d j [ al s o s p e l t d iff us iv ] d i f iuu - S i v , d i f iuu - z w

' '
. .

j c cu t e ; 6 t h e 0t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
ye , .

f f
o

w w h n ; i) s 1 n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u l l , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e ;
e
0 poe t 1c ; 0 ov e r , c a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e ga t e ;
15 4 DI CT I ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
d i n g h y n r ow — b oat [ a l s o sp e lt dingey, dingy] d i ng i
.
'
.

d i n gy a dj ( t a rn isht , du sky ) d i n d3 i
.
’
.

d i n o s a u r n e xt i n ct r e pt il [ a l so spe lt d ein os ou r ] d ai -n o-scz

.
'
.

d i o c e s a n a dj ( of a d ioces e ) d oi osr-san , d ai-a-sisa n, d e f-0

.
’ '

’
S i i- sa n .

d i o c e s e n ( d ist rict ; b ish op s sph ere of j urisdict ion ) da i-a

.
’ '

s is d a i-a-Si s
'
.
,

d i o e c i ou s a dj h av in g t h e u n i se xu al fl ow e rs on se pa rat e
.

p l a n t s ; h a v in g t h e s e x e s d ist in ct [ al so spe l t d i e ci ous ] d ai

'
ii S
-
as .

D i o n y s i a n a dj ( of D ion y sius , B acchu s e t c ) d ai-a n i si-ou

.
’
, . .

d i o p t r i c a dj ( assist in g v is ion ; of re f ract ion ) d ai e ptxi k ’

. .

d i or a m a n sce n ic r e pr e s e n t a t ion ) d e i-a z a z-m a, d ai-a e e e

’ ’
( .

m a ; ( im p r op er ly ) d ai a z w m a
'
-
.

d i ox i d e n [ al s o s om e t im es , sp elt dioxid] d ai ok-sai d, ( b e

.
,
’

for e of ) d a i ok s rd’
.

d i p h e n y l n ( hy dr ocarb on ) d a i f e n i l
.
'
.

d i p h e n y l a m i n e n ( cry s t a llin su b st ance ) di fi n i l a-m m .

’
.

d i p h t h e r i a n ( dipht h e r it is ) d i f 8 1 : -ci-0, d i p O i z-t i-a

' '
. .

d i p h t h e r i t i c a dj d i f O i Z i t i k d i p ei z i t i k
' '
.
, .

d i p h t h on g n ( d ou b l e s o u n d ;
.
g r ou p of t w o con s e cut iv
v ow e l s ou n d s i n on e s y ll a b l e ) d i f - O ozn ( ol de r ) d i p- O e zn
’ '
.
,

d i p h t h on g a l a dj d i f 8 ozij g01 d i p O e zn-gal

’ ’
—
.
. ,

d i p h t h on g i z o v [ a l s o s p e l t dip h t h on gis e ] d i f G on-a i z , d i f

.
' '

O oij g a i z d i p O orj a i z
'
- -
.
,

d i p h y c e r c a l a dj ( h a v in g a b ip a r t it e t a il ) d i f i s s z k al
’
. .

d i p l o e n sp on gy s t r u ct u r e [ al s o sp e lt dipl oé ] d i pL o-i
'
. .

d i p l o i d i o n n ga rm e n t [ a l s o s p e l t d ip loi dion ; pl ur al d ip lo
.

i d ia ] d i p L o i d i-an
'
.

d i p l o m a n st a t e pa p e r ; ce rt if icat e of a coll e ge d e gre e

.

[p l u r a l d ip l o m a s , d ip l o m a t a ] d i
'
p L 0 o-m a
; ( imp r op er ly ) d ai
’
p L 00 m a
-
.

d i p l o m a c y n d i p L 0o m a s 1 ( r a r e ly ) d i pe om a-sr
’
-
.
’
—
, .

d i p l o m a t n dipl om a t i st [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e dip l om a t e ]

.

d i p a a m aet
’
-
.

d i p l o m a t e n ( on e w h o h olds a dipl om a ) d i p e a-m et

.
'
.

d i p l om a t i c a dj ( of d ipl om a s or d ipl om acy ) d i p a a mz t i k

.
’
.

d i p l o m a t i s t n ( on e e n ga ge d i n dipl om acy ; cra ft y pe r s on )

.

’
d i p L 0o- m 0-t i st .

d i p l o m a t i z e v [ also sp e l t d ip l oma t is e] d i pe oo-m a-t a i z

.
'
.

d i p t y c h n t w o l e a v e d t a b l e t [ al s o sp el t diptyc] d i p t i k
-
.
'
.

d i r e a dj ( d r e a d ful ) d a re
. .

d i r e c t v ( add re ss ; a im ; gu id e ; orde r ) d r e ckt d a i z e kt ’ '

. .
,

0t h in d3 t S he w ; c
°

j ye , 9 cu t e ; 6 t he a z u re , oy ; S s h oe
{
. 3 ,

w w h e n ; I) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e act u , , f ul f
ou ool , i i t , n se e ;
a p oe t ic ; 0 ov e r , e ae ri al A b u t 0: d oor,
, , 00 n o, e b ed , cc gat e ;
 DI CTIONARY O F H ARD WO R DS 155

d i r e ct j ( s t ra ig ht ) di d a i z e k t ( s o m e t i m e s, b y
' '
ad .
, e t c. z e kt ,

c on tr as t, in
as
‘di r e c t a s w e ll a s in di r e ct ) d a i -z e kt .

d i r e c t n ( m u sica l s ig n ) d i z e kt
’
. .

d i r e c t a b l e a dj ca pa b le of b e in g di r e ct e d [ a ls o s pe lt d ir ac
.

t b e ] d i e t b al k
’
i l z a -
.

d i r e c t i o n 11 d i z e k S 0n , d a r z e k S
’ ’
. an .

d i r e c t i v e a dj [ a l s o spe lt d ir e c t iv ] d i z e k t i v , d s i z e kt i v
' ’
. .

d i r e c t l y a d v d i z e k t u , ( occa s i on a l ly ) d a i z e k t u
’ ’
. .

d i r e c t or n on e w h o or t h a t w hich d ir e ct s [ a ls o s pe l t d ir ce
.

t e r ] d i z e k t az
’
.

d i r e c t o r i a l a dj d i z e k t oz-s i al , d a i - z e k t 0z-ai-0l
’ '
-
. .

d i r e c t or y a dj , n d i z e k t a-Z I , ( r a id ly ) d i z e k t gi
’
. .
’
p .

d i r i g i b l e a dj ca p a b l e of b e i n g di r e ct e d ; s t e e ra b le [ a ls o spe lt
.

d ir ig e a bl e ] d i Z i d 3 0- b al ; ( l es s r o e r ly ) d i s i d 3 a- b al
’
p p ’
.

dis a b l e v .( r e n d e r u n a b l e ; c r i l
pp ) e d i s
'
e e -
b al ; ( l e ss r o e r ly ) p p
’
d i z e e - b ol .

. f
d i s a p p o i n t v ( ru st r at e t h e e xp e ct a t ion of ; oil ) d i s a p e i n t
’
f .

d i s a r m v d e p r iv e of a r m s ; d i v e st of a r m or [ p as t pa r t i ci
.

p le a n d p r e t e r i t d is a r m e d, d is a r m d ] d i s a zz m ; ( l e ss
’
r o er p p
ly ) d i z a zz m
’
.

d i s a s t e r n ( ca l a m it y ) d i z aes t az , d i z a z-st az ; ( l es s
.
' ’
r o e r ly ) p p
’
d i s aes t az .

d i s b a n d v ( b r e a k t h e b a n d or c om p an y of ; disp e rs e ) d i s
.

'
b w n d ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) d i z b ze n d p p ’
.

d i s b u r d e n v r e m ov e a b u r d e n r om ; u n l oa d [ sy n on y m ous
. f
’
c go n a t e d i s b u r t h e n ] d i s b a zz -
dn .

d i s b u r s e v p a y ou t [ p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t d is b u r s e d,
.

d is b u r s t ] d i s b a zz s ; ( l e s s
’
r o e r ly ) d i z b a zz s
’
p p .

d i s b u rt h e n v d i s b s zz d n , d i s b s zz -O ei n , d i s b a zz -O n
' ’
sa m e
'
—
. .

m e a n i n g a s d is b u r d e n .

d i s c n d i sk
. s e e d is k
. .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s d e s ca n t
’
d i s c a n t n d i -s kie n t . . .

d i s c a r d v ( t h r ow ou t r om t h e h a n d ; re j e ct ; d is ch a rge ) d i
. f
’
s k a :z d , d i s k a zz d
’
.

d i s c e r n v di s t i n gu is h [ p a st pa rt i c i pl e a n d p re t e r i t d isce r n e d,
.

d is c er n d ] d i z s zz n ; ( l e ss r o e r l y ) d i s s zz n
' ’
p p .

d i s c e r n i b l e a dj ( p e r ce p t i b l e ) d i z s z n o b al
’
-
. .

d i s c e r p t i b l e a dj ( ca p ab l e of b e in g pl u ckt a s u n d e r ; div isi

.

b le ) d i saz p t a- b al
’
.

d i s ch a r g e v , n d i s t S a zz d 3 , d i St S
'
a :z d 3
’
. . .

d i s c i n ( pl u r a l o f d is c u s ) d i -s a i
’
. .

. f
d i s c i p l e n ( oll ow e r ; p u pil ) d i s a i - pal
’
.

d i s c i p l i n e n v d ri ll e t c [ a ls o s p e l t d is ciplin ; as v e rb , pa st
.
, . , .

c: law , fur
a: , a ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f or , a c n ow , u : a s k , or kit e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

t r e ss-mar k i n d i ca t e s chi e f
s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g sy ll a b le.
156 DI C TIONARY O F HARD W ORD S

p a rt i c i p l e d is cip li n e d, d is ciplin d ] d i Si -p u n
’
and pre t e r i t .

d i s c l o s u r e n ( d iscov e ry ; e xp osu r e ) d i a k r 0o-3 0z

’
. .

d i s c ob o l u s n d iscu s t h r ow e r [ pl ur al d is cob oli ] d i skob a -l as

’
-
. .

d i s c ol o r v [ a l s o s p e lt d is col ou r ; p ast p a rt i c i ple a nd p re t e r i t

.

d iscol or e d , d is col ou r e d, d is col or d ] d i s k A l az

'
.

d i s c on t i n u e r n ( on e w h o di scon t i n u e s ) d i ska n t i nj u -az

’
. .

d i s co n t i n u or n ( t h e t e n a nt i n t a il w hos e a li e n a t ion of a n
.

e st a t e h a s ca u se d a d is con t i n u a n ce ) d i s kan t i nj u -az

'
.

d i s c ou n t n ( d e du ct ion ) d i s- ka u n t
’
. .

d i s c ou n t v ( d e d u ct ; p ay or ca s h b e f or e ha n d w it h a d e d u c
.

t ion ) d i - s k a u n t , d i s k a u n t
' '
.

d i s c o u r s e n ( t a lk ; con v e r sa t ion ) d i s k0zz s ; ( l e ss pr op er ly )

’
.

'
d i s - k 0zz s .

d i s co u r s e v t alk ; con v e rs e ; h a ran gu e [p a st pa rt i c i pl e a n d

.

'
p r e t e r i t d is c ou r s e d , d i s c o u r s t ] d i s k0zz s .

d i s c ou r t e ou s a dj la ckin g i n cu r t e sy ; ru d e [ also spe lt d is .

cu r t e ou s ] d i s k s z t i-a s , d i s kozz -t ca s , d i s k az t cos

’ ’ '
.

d i s c o u r t e s y n [ al s o sp e l t d iscu r t es y ] d i s k s z t i si , d i s k 0zz
’ '
-
.

t i -S I .

d i s c ou s a dj ( d isk- s h a p e d ) d i sk os
’
. .

d i s c ov e r y n ( d is cl osu r e ; m a kin g kn ow n ) d i ska v a-z i , ( r ap

'
.

i d ly ) d I Sk A VZ I
'
.

d i s c r e e t a dj ( j u d icious ; cau t iou s ) d i skS i it

'
. .

d i s c r e p a n c e n ( d is cr e pa n cy ) d i s ks e p a n s , d i skS i -pa n s
' '
. .

d i s cr e p a n cy n ( di s a gre e m e n t ; in con s ist en cy ) d i s kz e pan

’
.

S I,
'
d i s k S i p a n - I
S .

d i s c r e p a n t a dj ( d isa gr e e in g ) d i s ks e p an t d i s kS i pan t
' '
—
.
.
,

d i s c r e t e a d j ( se p a r a t e ; i n div i d u a l ; n ot coa le s ce n t : oppos e d

.

t o c on t in u ou s ) ( l I SkS l lt d i s kS i it
' ’
.
,

d i s cr e t i on n ( p
s e a r a t i on ; p ow. e r of d e cid ing ; pru d e n ce )
d i s ks e S
’
an .

d i s c u r s i v e a dj r a m b l in g ; r a t ioci n a t iv [ al s o spe lt dis cu r siv ]

.

d i s k u zz S i v
' ’
d i s ks z s w ,
—
.

d i s c u s n d i s k u s e d f or t h r ow i n g [ p l u r a l d is ci ] d i sk os
’
. , .

d i s c u s s v d e b at e [ p ast p a r t i ci pl e a n d p r e t e r i t d is cu s s e d, d is
.

c u s t ] d i s kA s
’
.

d i s d a i n n v [ a s v e rb p a st pa r t i ci p l e a n d pr e t e ri t dis d a in e d ,
.
, . ,

d is d a in d ] d i s d e e n ; ( l es s p r op e r ly ) d i z d e e n
’ ’
.

d i s e a s e n ( a il m e n t m a l a d y di s or d e r ) d i z i i z
'
, .
.
,

d i s e m b o w e l v e v i sce r a t e e t c [ p r e s e n t p a r t i ci pl e dis e m b ow
. , .

e l in g d is e m b ow e l li n g ; p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t dis em
,

b ow e l e d dis e m b ow e ll e d d is e m b ow e l d ] d i sam b au -al

'
.
, ,

d i s e n a m o r v [ al s o s p e l t d is e n a m o u r ] d i s a n zc m az
'
. .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e , 8 t h in 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
w w h e n ; 1] s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u l l , on ool i it , i i s e e ; f f ,

o p oe ti c ; 0 0v e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e c gat e ;
158 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
d i s j oi n disu n it e [ pa st pa rt i ci pl e a n d p r e t e ri t d isj oin e d
v . .

d isj oin d ] d i s d3 e i n ; ( l es s p r op er ly) d i z d 3 oi n

' '
.

d i s k n d iscu s ; t hin cir cu la r pla t e [ also spe lt dis c] d i sk

. .

d i sl i k e v ( n ot t o l ik e ) d i s l a i k ; ( le s s p r op e rly ) d i z l a i k
’ '
. .

d i s l i m b v cu t of f t he lim b s of d ism e mb e r [also spe lt d is

.

lim ] d i s l i m
'
.

d i s l i m n v ob lit e rat e th e ou t lin e s of a n yt hing Iimn e d ; e f

.

face ; b l ot ou t ; v a n ish [ al so spe lt disli m] d i s l i m '

.

d i s l o d g m e n t n d isplace m e n t [ also spe l t dis l odge men t ] d i s

.

l od 3 m 0n t
'
.

d i s l o y a l a dj ( un fa it h fu l ) d i s l oi-ol ; ( l es s p r op er ly ) d i s i c i-al
' '
. .

d i s m a n t l e v ( st r ip ) d i s m r n t l ; ( l es s p r op e rly ) d i z ma n t l
’ '
. .

d i s m a s t v ( d e priv e of m as t s ) d i s m a zst ; ( l ess proper ly ) d i z

'
.

’
n i a zst .

d i s m a y v ap pal ; d au n t [ p as t p a rt i c i pl e a n d p re t e r i t dis
.

may e d, d is m ay d ] d i s m e e ; ( l ess p r op e r ly ) d i z mee

’ '
.

d i s m i s s v s e n d a w ay ; d is ch a rge [ pa s t p a rt i ci ple a nd pre t

.

e r it dis m iss e d, d is m is t ] d i s m i s , ( o t e n ) d i s u i s ; ( i mpr oper

' ’
f
ly ) d i z m i s
’
.

d i s o r d e r n ( con fu s ion ; m is d e m e an or ; r iot ; ailm e nt ) d i s o:e

'
.

d az ; ( l e s s p r op er ly ) d i z ozz - daz
'
.

d i s o r g a n i z e v [ al so, ra r ely , spe lt d is orga n ise] d i s oze -g a

'
.

nai z .

d i s ow n v . r e n ou n ce , et c . [ p a s t pa rt i ci pl e an d p re t e r i t d is
( l e s s p r op e r ly ) d i z 0on
’
] di s
’
ow n e d , dis ow nd oon ; .

v ili f y ) d i s paez i d s
'
d i sp a r a g e ( d iscr e d it ; v . .

d i sp a r a t e a dj ( se pa ra t e . in k in d ; u n l ik e ) d i spa-z ct , d i spa
' ’

( at ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) d i s pa : z at
'
° -
.

d i s p a r i t y n ( w a n t of pa r it y ; u n lik e n e ss d i s pu di
’
.
) r-t i ,
'
e z r-t i
s pa .

d i s p a t c h n a se n ding a n a n e rra n d ; kill in g ; spe e d [ al s o

.

s p e l t d e s p a t c h : p ast p a rt i c i ple a n d p r e t e r i t d is p a tc h e d, dis

pa t ch t ] d i s pze t S
'
.

d i s p e l v d is pe rse ; d issip at e [ p a st pa rt i c i pl e a nd pre t e ri t dis

.

pe l le d d is pe l d ] d i s p el
’
.
,

d i s p e n s a b l e a dj ( u n e s s e n t ial ; al so, ca pa b l e of b e in g d is.

d -b al
' ’
p e n s t ) d i s p e n s a b a l i s p e n t s a —
, .

d i s p e n s a r y n ( pl ace w h e re m e d icins are d ispe nst , e t c ) d i

. .

'
'
sp e n sa -c i d i s pe t a
n s ,
-Z i
.

d i s p e r s e v sca t t e r [ p ast p a rt i ci pl e a n d p r e t e ri t d isp er s e d,

.

d is pe rs t ] d i sp s zz s
'
.

d i s p e r s i o n n ( s ca t t e rin g) d i s p s z S an , d i s pe zz -san
’ ’
. .

d
’
di ps l e a s u r e n i s p a c 3 e s ; ( d ia l e c t a
. lly) d i s
’
p L e e - 0z
3 .

j c
ye ,cu e : a t h e 8 t h r
i n 3 az u r e . d s j oy ; 8 5 06 . t i ch e w : . $
w w he n ; 1) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll on ool , i it , xi s e e ; f . f
0 poe t ic ; 0 ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DIC T IO NA R Y OF HA R D WO R DS 159

d i s p o sa b l e a dj t ha t m ay b e got r id of ; a t d isposa l [ a l so, f or

.

m e r ly , sp e lt d ispos e a b l e ] d i s poo-z a- b al
'
.

d i s p o s s e s s v ou s t ; r id of e v il s p ir it s [p a s t pa r t i ci ple a n d
.

p re t e r i t d is p oss e ss e d, d isposs e s t ] d i sp a z e s
’
.

d i s p o s s e s s i o n n ( ou st e r ; e x orcis m ) d i sp a z e S
’
. on .

d i s p r e a d v ( ar ch a ic ) s p re a d a b roa d or ou t ; e xp a n d ; e xt e n d
.

[ a l s o sp e lt dissp re a d, d isp r e d ] d i s p s e d
'
.

d i s p r o v a b l e a dj [ a l so, f or m e rl y , sp e lt d ispr ove a b l e ] d i s

.

’
p s o u -
v a -
b al .

d i sp o r v a l a d i
d j ( sp o ) d s p
r o f i
’
s o u
.
-v al
.

d i s p r ov e v ( p rove f a l se ; r e f u t e ) d i s p s ou v
’
. .

d i s p u t a b l e a dj ( t h at m ay b e disp u t e d ; con t r ov e rt ib le ) d i
.

'
d p c t b al
'
-
t - b al o a
sp c a u a , i s -
.

d
’
d i s p u t a n t it ( on e w h . i
o d sp u t e s ; d b a t e )
e r i spc t n t
a -
.

d i s p u t a t i v e a dj disp u t a t i ou s ; con t r ove r sia l [ a ls o spe lt d is

.

p u t a tiv ] d i s pca u -t a-t i v

’
.

d i s q u a li f y v ( re n d e r or p ron ou n ce u n q u a l if ie d ) d i s kw e
’
.

l i -f ai .

d i s r e p u t a b l e a dj ( d iscre dit ab le ; in b a d re pu t e ) d i s z e pca t a

'
.

be l .

d i s r u p t i o n n ( b u rs t in g a su n d e r ) d i s z A p S a n ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly )
’
.

'
d i z z A pS an
'
.

d i s s e i s e v d isposs e ss w r on g fu l ly [ a ls o s pe lt d iss e is e ; p a s t
.

p a rt i C i pl e a n d p re t e r i t d is s e iz e d d iss e iz d ] d i S i i z d i s S i i z
’ ’
.
, ,

d i s s e i s i n n p riv a t ion of se isin [ a l s o s pe lt d iss e is in ] d i s i i

'
.

z i n , d i S Si i-z i n
'
.

d i s s e i s or it [ a lso sp e l t diss e is or ] d i s i i- z az d i s S i i- z ozz

’ ’
. , .

d i s s e b l e v ( d isgu is e ; a ss u m e a f a l se s e e m in g) d i s e m b al ;
’
.

( im r oper ly ) d i z e m b al
’
.

d i s s e m i n a t e v ( scat t e r a b r oa d ; s p r e d a b ou t ) d i s e m i -n e t
'
. .

d i s s e n s i o n n d is cor d ; st r i f e [ al s o, f or m e rly , s pe lt d iss e n

.

t i on ] d i se n S an , d i s e n t S
’ ’
an .

d i s s e n t v ( w it h h old a pp rov a l ) d i se n t
.
’
.

d i s s e n t n ( dis agre e m e n t ) d i se n t
'
. .

d i s s e r v e v ( se r v e b a d ly , in j u r e ) d i ss zzv , d i s s a zz v
’ '
. .

d i s s e r v i c e it [ a ls o spe l t d is s erv is ] d i s a zz V i s , d i s s a zz -V i s
.
’
-
'
.

d i s si d e n c e n ( d i s a gr e e m e n t ; d is se n t ) d i s i - d n s
.
'
.

d i s s i p a t e v ( sca t t e r ; sq u a n d e r ; e n ga ge in diss ol u t e pl e a
.

’
su r e s ) d i s i -pe t .

d i s s o ci a b l e a dj ( n ot com pa n i on a bl e ; u n s ociab le ) d i soo-S

.
’
e
b e l ; ( ca pa b l e of b e i n g d iss ocia t e d ; s e pa ra b le ) d i soo- S
’
i-a-b al .

d i s s o ci a t e v ( di su n it e ; w it h d ra w f r om a s s ociat ion ) d i soo

.
’

i
S t -e
.

c: la w fa r
, a: , s ca t , o
a h ot ,
b oy : a : f or , 00 n ow , a : a sk, or kit e ;
oi
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n sou n d i s lon g ;
st r e ss-m a r k i n d i ca t e s c hi e s t r e ss on t h ef ollow xn g sylla b le.
l 6o D IC TI O N A RY O F HA RD WO RDS
d i s s ol u b l e a dj ( ca pa b le . or of b e in g d issolv d i
d su n i t e d) d i ~

'
s ol io-b al , d i sal io-b al
’
.

i i d -lin t
( dial e cta lly )
'
d i s s ol u t e adj ( l oose ; l c e n t ous ) .i sa ;
’
d i sa -l u t .

d i s s ol v a b l e ad j capab le of b e ing dissolv d [ al so spe lt d is .

s ol v i b l e ] d i z ol v a-b al
’
.

d i s s ol v e v d iff u s e in liq u i d ; cau se t o va nish [ past part i ci pl e

.

a n d p r e t e r i t d iss ol v e d, d is s olv d ] d i z olv

'
.

d i s s o n a n t a dj ( d is cor d a n t in s ou n d ) d i s a-n an t
’
. .

d i s s y l l a b l e n d i s i l a- b al , d i s i l a-b al , d i s s i la-bal sam e m e a n

’ ’ ’
. .

i n g as d is y lla b l e .

d i s s y m m e t r y n ( l ack of sy mm e t ry ; als o, mirror-im age sym .

m e t ry ) d i S i m i -t gi , d i s S i m i -t gi
’ '
.

d i s t e n s i b l e a dj ( ca p a b l e of b e in g d ist e n de d ) d i st e ns a-b al
’
. .

d i s t i c h n cou p l e t [ a l s o s p e l t d is t ic ; p lur al dis t ichs ] d i st i k

'
. .

’
d i s t i c h i c a dj ( of or lik e a dis t ic h ; dist ich al ) d i st i k i k
. .

d i s t i c h o u s a dj ( d ispose d i n t w o oppos it r ow s ; t w o-ra nkt )

.

d i s t i k as
'
-
.

d i s t i l v e xu d e ; p a ss ge n t ly ; v a por iz e b y h ea t a n d t he n can
.

d e n s e [ a l s o s p e l t d is t il l ; p a s t pa rt i c i pl e a n d pr e t e ri t di
s t il l e d, d is t i l d ] d i st i l
’
.

d i s t i n g u é a dj ( d is t in gu i s h t ) d i s-t aen ge e , d i e t zen-ge

' ’
. .

d i s t i n g u i s h e d a dj p os s e ss in g d i s t in cti on ; e m in e n t [ a ls o
.

sp e l t d is t in g u is h t ] d i s t Wi S
'
t .

d i s t r a i n o r n on e w h o d ist r ain s or l e v ie s a d is t re ss [ a l so,

.

s om e t i m e s , sp e l t d is t r a i n e r ] d i s t ze e - n az , ( a ls o, e s e ci al ly
'
p
in l aw , as t h e c or r e l a t iv of d is t ra in e e ) d i st ge e -n ozz’
.

d i s t r a i t a dj ( a b s t r a ct e d ; a b s e n t m i n d e d ) d i st ge e
.
’
-
.

d i s t r a u g h t a dj ( d ist r a ct e d ; b e w ild e r d ) d i s t gczt

.
'
.

d i s t r i c t n ( d iv is i on , p r ov in ce , r e gion ) d ist gi k t ; ( d ial ec tal

.
'

ly or v u lg ar ly ) d i i s t gi kt
'
-
.

d i s t y l e n ( p or ch w it h t w o styl e s or colu m n s ) d i -st a i l , d a i

.
’ ’

st a i l .

d i s u s e n ( d iscon t in u a n ce of u se ) d i s you s , d i Sj ou s
.
’
.

d i s u s e v ( c e a s e t o u s e ) d i s j u u z , d i Sj ou z ’
'
. .

d i s y l l a b i c a dj con t a i n i n g t w o sy ll a b l e s [ sy n on y m ou s cog
.

n a t e d i s s y l l a b ic ] d i S i l a b i k
' '
d a i - SI l a b i k , .

d i s y l l a b l e n w or d or oot of t w o sy ll a b l e s [ s n on m ou s cog
. f y y
n a t e d is s y l l a b l e ] d i s i l a b al
’
d a i s fl a- b al , d i s i l a- b al
’ ’
-
.
,

d i t a l n ( t hu m -k e y on a gu it a r or l u t e ) d i t al , d a i - t al
.
’ '
.

d i t h e i s m n ( d oct ri n of t h e e x is t e n ce of t w o su p r e m e god s )
.

'
d a i - O i i z am -
.

d i t h e r v n ( t r e m b le ) d i b az , d i eaz
’
.
’
.

i ye , r
c cu e ; b t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t S h e w ; ,
'

c
S
i n w h e n ; n i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a f u l ou ool , i i t , i t s e e ; f
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
162 D I C TI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
d i v or c e a b l e a dj ca pab le of b e ing d iv orce d [ a ls o, f orme r ly . ,

s p e lt d iv or ci bl e ] d i v ozz -s e -b al
’
.

d i v o r c e e n ( div orce d p e r son ) d i -voz si i

'
. .

d i v u l g e v ( d iscl os e ; re v e al ) d i v s l d s, d a i v s lds
’ '
. .

d i s e n v d r e ss d e ck ou t , b e di z e n [ als o spe lt dis s es ; p a s t

. ,

pa rt i c i p le a n d p r e t e r i t d iz en e d, diz en d ] d i z an , d i z u , d a i
' ’ '

d a i -z n
'
z an , .

di z z y a dj ( gi ddy ) d i z i
’
. .

d o v ( im p art t o ; p e r f orm, et c ) duu. ( w he n l e ss s tr es t ) d u d o

. . , .

d o u ( i n m u s ic ) d oo
. .

d ob b y n sp r it e ; b row nie ; l oom -a t t ach m e n t [ also spe l t dob

.

b ie ; pl u ral d obb ie s ] d ob i
'
.

d o c e n t n ( t e ach e r ) doo-san t
’
. .

’
d o c i b l e a dj ( t e a cha b l e ; d c cil ; t r act ab l e ) dosa b al
.
-
.

d o c i l e a dj t e ach a b le t ract ab le [ al so, s om et im e s, s pe lt docil ]

.
,
’ ’
d e s i i d oo S i l d a o-s a i l
’
-
.
, ,

d o c t o r e s s n f e m al e d oct or [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e doctr es s ]

.

d ok t a Z i s ( r a p id ly ) d ok t gi s
' '
-
, .

d o c t r i n a i r e n ( p oli t ical t h e ori st ) d okt gi n e zz

’
. .

i j d
' ’
d oc t r n a l a d o k t g i - n l ( s ,
a l o i n B r i
. t a in ) d ok t ga i -u
i , .

d o c t r i n e n t e ach in g ; d og m a ; th e ory [ als o spe lt doct ri n ]

.

'
d ok t gi n .

d o e n f e m al e d e er [ pl ur al d oes ] d uo
. .

d o e s v [ i n d i ca t i v p r e s e n t t h ir d p e rson S i n gu lar of do] d xz ;

.

( d ia l e c t a lly ) d u z .

d o f f v t a k e of f a s t h e h a t ; st rip [ p a st pa rt i c i pl e a n d pr et
.
,

e r i t d off e d d of t ] d e zf d e f , , .

d o g i t ( ca n in e q u a d ru p e d ) d ozg dog ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) d e zg

.
, .

’
d o g a l a dj ( of a d oge ) d oo- gal . .

d o g a t e n d oge s h ip [ sy n ony m ou s c ogn at e d oge a t e ] d oo-ge t

'
. .

d o g -c h e a p a d j d ozg t Si ip ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) d ozg t Si ip
' ’
-
.
.
,

d o g e n ( c h ie f m a gi st r at e of t h e old r e pu b lics of V e n ice a nd

.

G e n oa ) d oods .

d o g e a t e n d oo- dse t s a m e m e a n i n g a s d oga t e

’
. . .

d o g g e d v p a s t pa rt i ci pl e a n d p re t e r i t of d og [ a lso s pe lt
.

d og d ] d ozgd d ogd , .

d o g g e d a dj ( ob st in a t e u n yi e l d in g ) doz gi d d e gi d
' ’
-
.
, , .

d o g g e d a d v ( v e ry ) d oz g i d d e gi d
’ '
-
.
.
,

d o g g e d l y a dv d oz-g i -d l i d ogi dl i
' ’
-
. , .

d o g g e r e l a dj of t riv ial ir r e gu l ar or m e a n n a t u r e : sa id of
.
,

v e r s e [ sy n on y m ou s c og n at e s d oggr e l d og r e ll ] d oga z al
'
-
.
,

d o g gy n l it t l e d og [ al s o s p e l t d ogg i e ; p l u r a l d ogg ies ] d e z-gi

’
. ,

d og i
’
.

9 i d b g h sc h
i
x
c,0 cu r e : a t h e t h n ; 3 a z u r e 3 y ; s oe t e w ; , , ,

e n ; i) s m g ; u w h oe v e r , l r e a ct ou f ool
.

w w u ful i it 11 see ; , , ,

0 poet ic ; a over , e aeri al , A b u t , a: door , s o n o, 8 b e d , s e gat e ;

 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S I63

i d
’
d og g y a dj ( d -lik e d g ) g i , d e gi
’
o g ; c o n v ers
. a n t w t h o s e z-
.

d b g m a n b e li e f ; t e n e t , et c [ plu ral d ogmas, d ogm a t a ] d e g

’
. .

-m
d
’
m a ; ( d ia e
l c t a lly) c zg a .

d ogm a t i s e v [ l m s ] m
’
a l s o s p e t d og a t i e . d o g a -
tai z .

d o l oe adj ( sw e e t ; soft t on e d ) d ool t S ( le ss p r op er ly) d ol

’ '
- -
. i ;

tS
i .

d o l d r u m n dul lar d ; i n p l ural , d uln e ss ; b e ca l m d st a t e [ pla z

.

a l d ol d r u ms ] d old t a m
’
.

d o l m a n n r ob e [p l u ra l d ol m a n s ] d ol ma n
’
. .

d o l m e n n st on e s t ru ct u re [ syn on y m ou s cogn a t e t ol me n ;
.

m m
’

p l u r al d ol e n s ] d o l a n .

d o l or n pa in , s orr ow [ al so sp e lt d ol ou r ] d oo-l az , d olaz

’ '
. .

d ol o r o s o a dj ( i n m u s i c , s of t , .
p a t h e t ic ) d ol a
’
z oo -so
; ( l es s
p r op e rly) d ola z oo- so ’
.

d ol o r ou s a dj ( pa in f ul ; d is m a l ; s ad ) doo l a-z as , d ol a-z as

’ ’
-
.

d ol t n ( b lock h e ad , n u m s k u ll ) d ool t ; ( d ia l ec t a lly ) d ol t

. .

d om a i n n ( l ord s h ip ; la n d s ) d o m e e n ; ( i mp r op er ly ) doo-m e n
' '
. .

d om e s t i c i s e v [ a s o p t l l d m i s ] d m
’
s e o e s t i.c e a e st i s a i z
-
.

d o m i c a l a dj ( d om e -l ik e ; v a ul t e d ) d oo- m i - kal , d om i -kal

’ ’
. .

d om i c il e n ab od e ; h ou se ; h om e [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt
.

d om ic il ] d om i Si l , d om i - s a i l
’ '
-
.

D om i n i c a n a d j ( of St D om in ic , e t c ) d o m i n i - k an
’
. . .

d om i n i e n sch ool m as t e r , e t c [ a ls o s p e lt d om in e ] d om i - n i ,
. .

doo- m i -n i
’
.

d om i n o n cl oa k ; ob lon g pie ce u se d in ga m e [ p lura l d omi

.

n oe s, d om i n os ] d om i n o
'
-
.

’
d oi a n la dy [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e d on a ] d oo- n j a
. .

d on a t e v ( gi v e ) d oo n e t ( in B r i t a i n ) d o n e e t
' ’
-
.
, .

d on a t i v e n gi f t [ a l s o sp e lt d on a t iv ] d on a t i v , doo-n a-t i v
’ ’
-
. .

’ ’
d o n a t or n ( gi v e r ) d oo n ot e z , d o n e e -t az
-
. .

d o n e v ( p a st pa r t i C i pl e of d o) d A n
. .

d o n e e n ( on e t o w h om a n yt h in g i s gi v e n ; on e t o w h om
.

la n d is con v e y e d i n f e e t a il ; a n ap p oin t e e ) d a n i i
’
.

d on j o n n d A n d san , d on d sa n
’
s e e u n d e r d u n g e on
’
. . .

d o n k e y n ass [ a l s o sp e lt d on ky ; p lura l d on keys, d on kie s ]

.

d onk i , d A ij k i
’ ’
.

’ ’
d o n or n ( giv e r ) doo-n az , doo-n ozz
. .

d o n t v ( d o n ot ) d a on t ( w h en l e s s s tr e s t ) d on t , de n t , don
’
. .
,

d oo k n ( w ood e n p lu g i n a m a s on ry w all , t o h old a n ail )

.

d ou k .

d o om s d a y n d ay of t h e l ast j u d gm e n t [ syn ony m ous cogn at e

.

d m y] d m de e
’
o e s d a u u z -
.

d o o r n d oze ; ( l oca lly ) d ue

. .

0: l a w , f ur
a: , a ca t , 0 h ot , b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , a : a sk , or kit e ;
9 1
le n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d i n g sou n d i s l on g
st r e ss m a rk
-
i n d i ca t e s c h ie f
s t r e ss on th e f ollow xn
g syl l a b l e .
16 4 DI CTION A R Y O F HARD WO R D S
d e zz -bs g ; ( err on e ous ly
’
d or -b u g n . [ a ls o s pe l t d orr -b ug] or
d ia l e c t a lly ) dozz -b A g
’
. o

d o r i a n s t r ip e
. d In d i a n m u s l in [ a l s o sp e l t d or ea ]
'
d oz -
ci -
a .

D or i a n a dj ( of Doris or D or ia , a dist rict of a n cie nt G r e ece ;

.

D or ic ) d oz-r i-a n
’
.

D or i c a dj ( Dor ia n ; of d ial e ct s , ru st ic) d oz i k

’
. .

D o r i c i s e v r e n d e r Dor ic [ a l s o sp e l t D or icise ] d e z x- sa i z ’
.

D o r i z e v i m it a t e D or ic m a n n e r s e t c ; re n de r Doric [ als o
. .

s p e l t D or is e ]
’
d oz- z e i z .

d o r m e r -w i n d o w n ( v’ e rt ica l w i n d ow proj e ct in g f rom a .

s l a n t i n g r oof ) d o ze m az w m d o d ozz - m az - w m d o
’
-
.
,

d o r m i t o r y n ( s le e p in g- ch a m b e r ; coll e ge b u ild in g div id e d

.

d ozz - m i -t gt
’
i n t o sl e e p in g r o om s ) d ozz - m i - t oz i
’
-
.
,

d or m o u s e n r od e n t [ pl u ra l d or m ice ] d ozz -ma us ; ( err on e

° ’
.

ous ly or d ia l e c t a lly ) d ozz m a u s

’
-
.

d o r s a d a dj ( t ow a r d t h e d or su m or b ack ) d ozz - sa d
’
. .

d o r y n J oh n d ory a f is h [ a l s o s p e l t d or e e ; plu ra l dor ies ]

.
-
,

d oz- Z I
’
.

d o r y n b oa t [ als o s pe l t d or e y ; p l u r a l d or i es ] dx -ar
.
’
.

d o s a g e 11 giv i n g m e d icin i n d os e s ; t h e d osin g of w in e [ als o

.

s pe l t d os e a g e ] d oo- s i d s
'
.

d o s s a l n ch a ir b a ck c ov e r ; h a n gi n g a t t h e b ack of a n al t a r
.
-

[ a ls o s pe l t d oss e l ] d osal
’
.

d o s s i l n s p igot ; r oll of l in t or cl ot h [ al so sp e lt d os s e l ]
.

de s i i
'
.

d o s t v ( i n d i cat i v p re s e n t s e c on d p e r son S i n gu la r of d o)
.

d A St .

d o t a g e n ( s e con d ch il d h ood ; s e n ilit y ) doo-t i ds ; ( im p r op e r

.
’

ly ) d ot i d s
'
.

d o t a r d n ( im b e cil ; on e w h o is in his d ot a ge ) doo-t az d ; ( i m

.
'

p r op e r ly ) d ot a r d
'
.

d o t e v b e s illy f r om a ge ; b e st ow e x ce ssiv f on d n e s s [ a l so
.

s p e l t d oa t ] d oot .

d o t h v [ i n d i cat i v p re se nt t h ird p e rson S i ngu l a r of d o] dA O ,

.

d ooO .

d o u a n e n ( cu st om h ou se ) du a zn .
’
-
.

d o u b l e -b a r r e l e d a d j h av in g t w o b a r re l s a s a gu n [ a l so .
,

sp e l t d ou b l e b a r r e l d ] d A b s l b ze z al d , dA b al
( as s u mpt iv ly )
' -
’

b a z al d .

d o u b l o o n n ( Sp a n ish g old coi n ) d A b l uu n .

'
.

d o u b t n u n ce r t a i n t y [ a l s o sp e lt d ou t ] d a ut
.
.

d o u b t f u l a d j [ a l s o s p e l t d o u tf u l ] d a u t - f ol
.
’
.

d o u b t l e s s a dv a d j [ a l s o s p e lt d ou t l e s s ] d a u t L as
. ,
’
.
-
.

j c cu e ; a t h e
ye , r
9 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ; .

w w h e n ; I) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act f f
.

, a u ll , ou ool , i it , i i s e e ;
a poe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e ri al , A b u t 0: door , s o n o, 8 b ed , e e gat e :
,
| 66 DICTION ARY O F H A RD WORD S
d r a f t v d ra w of f ; d ra w u p [ a ls o, ra rely , i n t he s e n s e of
.

d raw u p s p e lt d r a u gh t ] d t azft , d t azft , dm zf t

, .

d r a f t s m a n n [ a lso sp e lt dra ugh t sma n ; plu ral d r a ts m en ]

. f
dt az s m s n
'
f t - .

d r a f t y a dj e xp ose d t o dra ft s of a ir [ also spe lt dr au gh ty ]

.

f
'
d ra z -
ti .

d r a f t y a dj ( lik e d ra
. ff ; ru bb i sh y; v il e ) r
’
d az f - i
t .

dra go a m n n i n t e r p r e t e r. [p l u r a l d ra g o m a n s ]
’
d t a g a -m n
a .

d r a g o n a d e n p e rs e cu t ion [ al s o s pe lt d ragonn a d e, dr agoo

.

n a d e ] d eze ga n e e d
’
-
.

d r a g o o n n ( ca v al ry s ol die r ) dt a guu n
’
. .

d r a m n u nit of w e igh t [ als o spe lt dr ac hm ] dra m

. .

m i m d -m a
’
d a n ( d m )
’
r a a l
p y ;.a ra a t c a r t , e t c d r a z -
a , t a z ; ( l es s
.

p rop erly) dre e ma, d t ae ma’

’
-
'
.

dr a m a t i s p e r s o n a e n p l d r ae m a -
t i s -
p a i
. s o.o -n i
.

m m d m
'
dr a a t i s t n ( w r i t e r o f . d r a a s ; p y l a w r i h
g ) t t a
e a -
t i st
'
l
( ess p r o p er ly)
'
d t e e - m a- i st
t .

d r a m a t i z e v c on ve r t in t o d ra m a [ al s o spe lt d r a ma tis e ]
.

'
dt w m a -
tai z .

drap e y r n ( t e x t i l f.a b r i c s , e t c )
'
d t e e -
p a -
a i ,
'
d r e e -
pS i
. .

d r a u g h t n a ct of d ra w i n g ; h aul ; l oa d ; t h e act of d rink in g ;

.

q u a n t it y d r u n k a t o n e t i m e ; b o w -
s h o t [ a l s o sp e lt dr a t ] f
dcazft , dt azft dw ezft , .

dr a u gh t s n. c h e ck e r s [ a l s o s p e lt d r af ts ] dt a zf t s .

d r a w v pu ll , e t c [ p ast
. .
p a r t m i pl e d r aw n ; p re t e r i t d r ew ] d t c
( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) d t c .

dr a w e r s n ( u n d e r ga r m e n t )
'
.drcz -
az z , d t c zz z .

d r e a d v n f e a r [ al so s pe lt dr e d ] d ee d
.
, . .

[al so spe lt dr edfu l ] dt ed fal ; ( d iale ct ally)

’
d r e a d f u l a dj .

d t e fal
’
.

d r e a m v [ p a st p art i ci pl e an d p re t e ri t dre a m e d, dr e a md ;
.

d r e a m t d r e m t ] d t i im
, .

d r e a m t v p a st p art i ci pl e an d p re t e r i t of dr ea m [ al s o spe lt
.

dr e m t ] dre m t .

d r e a r y a dj d r i z Z I ; ( di a le c t a l ly ) dt i i-Z i
’ '
-
. .

d r e g n s e d im e n t r e sidu e [ u s e d m ost ly i n t h e pl ura l , d r e gs ]

. , ,

d re g z ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) d re e gz .

d r e n c h v m a k e t o d ri n k ; s oak [ p ast pa rt i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t
.

dr e n c h e d d re n ch t ] d re n t S ( in B r i t a in ) d re n S
, , .

d r e n g a g e n ( t e nu r e or se rv i ce of a d re n g) dt e ni d s dre n
' '
.
,

g i ds .

d r i b l e t n s m all su m ; pet ty p ort ion [ also s p e lt d r ib bl e t ] dt i

’
.

b l at d ri b l i t
'
.
,

j ye , c cu r e ; a t he . 9 t hin ; s u re ,
'
d1 oy S t Sc h e w ;
s h oe ,
w w he n n sin g u w h oe v e r , i r e act u . f ul { f
ou ool , i it , i i s e e ;
0 poe t ic ; a ove r, e a e ri a l, A b u t , a: d oor, s o n o, e b e d . s o gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY OF HARD WORD S 167

d r i e r n on e w h o or t h at w h ich d r ie s ; d e ssica t or [ a l s o sp e l t
.

d y ] d i
’
r e r t a -
se .

d r i v e l v sl a v e r [ p re se n t pa r t m i p le dr iv e l in g, d r iv e ll in g ; p a s t
.

] l
’
p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t d r i v e l e d , d r iv e l l e d , d r i v e l d d r i v a .

d r i v e l e r n [ a l s o sp e lt d r iv e ll e r ] d r i v a l az
'
-
. .

d
’
j [ l i i ] d l l
'
drive l i n g a d a l s o s p e t d r .v e ll n g r i v a -
i i) r i v i i) , .

d r ol l a dj ( com ical , f u n n y ) d rool

. .

’
d r ol l e r y n a cti on of a d r ol l ; f u n [p l u ra l d r oll e r i es ] d t oo
.

l zi
a -
.

d r o m e d a r y n ligh t a n d fl e e t ca m e l [ p l ura l d r om e d a r i es ]
.

m m d
’
m d d d
’ ’
dr o i -
d e z x, ro i e -
Z i , ra i a -
Zi .

d r o m i c a dj ( of a d r om os or r a ce cou r s e ) d t om i k
’
-
. .

d r o m o n d n ( s h ip ) d t om an d , t m an d
’ '
. .

d r o s h k y n v e h icl e [ sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e d r os ky ] d roS
’
. ki .

d r os k y n d rosk i s a m e m e a n i n g a s d r os h ky
’
. . .

d r o s s n ( s cu m ; r e cr e m e n t ; d r e g ) d rozs ( r a r e ly ) d i e s ; ( d ia
. ,

l e c t a lly ) d t c zs .

d r o u g h t n ( d ry w e a t he r ; t h ir st ) d ra ut
. .

d r ou t h n d rooO . s a m e m e a n i n g a s d r ou g h t
. .

d r o w n v s u ff ocat e b y s u b m e r s i on i n w a t e r [ f or m e r sy n on
.

y m ou s cog n a t e d r ow n d ; p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t d r ow n
e d, dr ow n d ] d ra u n ; ( d i a l e c t a lly a n d v u lg a r ly ) d ra u n d .

d r o w n e d a dj [ al s o s om e t i m e s , s p e lt d r ow n d ] d ra u n d ; ( d i a
.
,
'
l e c t ally a n d v u lg a r ly ) d t a u n d i d -
.

’
d r ow n i n g n , a dj d ita u - n i i] ;
.
( d ia l e c t a lly a n d v u lga r ly )
.

d t a u n -d i n
’
.

d r o w s e v b e d r ow sy or hal f a sl e e p [ a l s o s p e l t d r ow s e ] d i a u e
. .

d r o w s y a dj h a l f a s l e e p [ a ls o, f or m e r ly , s p e lt d r ou s y d r o u
.
,

dr ow s y ] d ea u- z x
’
e y, .

d r u d g e r y n ( occu p a t i on of a d ru dge ; m e a n , d u ll w o r k )
.

daa -Z I , ( r a p i d ly ) t
’ ’
t d sz i .

d r y a d n w ood n y m ph [ pl u r a l d r y ads, d rya d e s ] d t a i sed , d ra i

’ '
- -
.

ad .

d r y a d e s n ( pl u ra l of dr y a d ) d t a i- a- d i z
’
. .

d r y l y a d v in a d ry m a n n e r [ a l s o s p e l t d r ily ] d t a i -l i
’
. .

d r y n e s s n [ a l s o, r a r e ly s p e lt d r in e s s ] d t a i n i s
’
-
.
, .

d u a l a dj ( of t w o) d j ou al ; ( di a l e c t a lly ) d u u al
’ ’
- -
. .

d u b i e t y n ( d u b iou s n e s s d ou b t fu l n e s s ) dj u b a i i t i
’
- -
.
, .

d u b i ou s a dj ( d ou b t f ul ; h e sit a t in g ) d j uu - b i a s ; ( dia l e c t a l ly )
’
-
.

d u u -b i-as
’
.

d u c a l a dj ( of a d u ke or d u ke d om ; of a d oge ) dj uu - kal ; ( d ia
.
’

’
l e c t a lly ) d u u kal -
.

d u c a t n ( g old coin ) d a k s t
’
. .

c: la w , fur,
a: e c at , 9
a h ot ,
b oy ; a : f a r a u n ow 8 : a sk, or k i t e
oi , ,
°

l e n gt h - m a r k i n di ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ,

st r e ss-m ar k i n d i ca t e s chi e f s t re ss on t h e f e l low m l l b l

g y
s a e .
168 DI CTION A RY OF HARD WORD S
d u ch e s s n. w ife of a d u ke , etc . [ a ls o , form e r ly , s pe lt d ut
] d A t SI S
'
ch es s .

d u c h y n d u k e d om [ pl ura l d u ch i es ] d A t Si
’
. .

d u c t n ( t u b e , du ct u s ) dA kt
. .

d u c t i b l e a dj ( d u ct il ) d a kt a-b al
’
. .

d u c t i l e a dj p liab le ; t h a t m ay b e d raw n ; t ra ct ab le [ a ls o,
.

s om e t im e s s p e lt d u c t i l ]
’ ’
dA k t i l d A k-t a i l
, , .

’
d u d g e o n n ( a n ge r ; ill h u m or ) dA d sa n . .

d u e a dj ( ow e d ; su it ab l e ; t o b e e xpe ct e d ) dj uu ; ( dia le ct al ly)

.

d uu .

d u e l n ( s in gl e c om b at ) dj ou -al ; ( d ia l e c t ally ) d uu -al

' ’
. .

d u e l v f igh t a d u e l [ p r e s e n t pa r t i c i pl e d u e l ing, d u e ll i n g
.

l d j
’
p as t p a r t rc rp e a n p r e t e r i t d u e l e d d u e l l e d ] d o u -al
, .

d u e l e r n d u e l is t [ a l s o s p e lt d u e l l e r ] d j ou - a l az
’
-
. .

d u e l i s t n [ a l s o spe lt d u e ll is t ] d j uu -a-l i st
’
. .

d u e l l o n ( d u e l in g ; d u e lis t s cod e ) d j u e l o
’ '
. .

d u e n n a n ( ch ie f la dy i n w a it in g on t h e Q u e e n of Spa in ; e l
.

d e r ly c h a p e r on e t c ) dj u e n a
’
.
, .

d u e t n m u s ica l com p os i t i on f or t w o p e r f or m e rs [ a ls o sp e lt
.

d u e t t ] d j u e t ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) d u e t
’ ’
.

d u f f e l n coa r s e w ool e n cl ot h ; p e rs on a l e ff e ct s [ a ls o s p e l t
.

d u ffl e ; s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e d uff il ] d a f s l

’
.

d u k e n ( p ri n ce ; ru l e r of a d u c hy ) di ou k ; ( d ial e ct al ly ) d ou k
. .

d u l c a m a r a n ( b it t e r s w e e t ) dA lka m e z z a
’
-
. .

d u l c e a dj ( s w e e t ) d a i s . .

d u l c e t a d j ( s w e e t p l e a s in g a s a t on e ) d A l S i t
’
.
.
, ,

d u l c i a n a n ( or ga n s t a p ) d A l s i ze n a d A l s i a z n a
' ’
- -
.
.
,

m m d m az
’
i i m d
’
du l c i e r n ( s t r n g d n s t ru e n
. t ) A l S i az A l t Si - -
, .

’
d u l c i n e a n ( m i s t r e ss s w e e t h e a rt ) d A l S i n i a d A l S i n i i a
’
- -
. , , .

d u l i a n s e r v it u d e ; s e r v ice ; i n f e r ior w or s h ip : t h e oppos i t

.

of la tr i a [ a l s o, s om e t im e s spe lt d oul e ia ] dj u l oi-a , d u l a i-a,

’ '
,

dj u u l i a
'
- -
.

d u l l a r d n ( d u ll pe rs on ; d ol t ) d a is e d
’
. .

d u l l y a dj ( i n p oe t r y d r e a ry ; f a in t ; in dist in ct ) dA l i
’
. .
,

d u l l y a dv ( i n a d u ll m a n n e r ) d A l l i
'
-
. .

d u l l y n ( d u ll or s t u p id p e rs on ) d A l i
’
. .

d u l n e s s n [ a l s o s pe l t d u l ln e s s ] d A l n i s
’
. .

d u l s e n ( e dib l e s e a w e e d ) d a l s
. .

d u l w i l l y n ( r in g p l ov e r ) d A l W i l i d A l - Wi l i
’
-
. .

d u l y a d v ( in d u e m a n n e r ; f i t ly ) d j u n l i
.
-
.

d u m b a dj n m u t e [ a l s o sp e lt d u m ] d a m
.
, . .

d u m f o u n d v st r ik e d u m b ; n on pl u s [ a l s o sp e lt d u m b fou n d ]
.

d A m fa u n d
’
.

i ye c cu e ; a t h e 9 t hi n
, r
3 a z u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;,

w w h e n ; n S i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u ll , ou ool i it , i i see ; f f ,

a poe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, 8 b e d , s e gat e ;

170 D ICTI O N ARY O F H A RD W O RDS
d y e r n ( on e w h ose occu pa t ion is t o dy e clot h , e t c ) d ai-ac
. .
'
.

d y i n g n ( de a t h) d a i- i i)
.
’
.

d y i n g a dj ( appr oa ch in g or p e rt a in in g t o d e a t h ) d ai-m
.
’
.

d y n a m i c a dj ( of f orce ) d a i n ze m i k , d i nz m i k
.
’ '
.

d y n a m i s m n ( d oct rin of f orce ) da i n a m i z am , d i na-m i z am

.
'
- - ’
.

d y n a m i t a r d n ( d yn am it e r ) d a i -na m i -t oze d
'
. .

d y n a m i t e n ( e xpl os iv ) d a i n a m a i t , d i n a-m a i t
’ '
- -
. .

d y n a m i z e n st r e ngt h e n [ al s o s pe lt dyn a mis e ] d s i -na -m s i z ,

.
’

'
d i n a m ai z
-
.

d y n a m o n e l ect ric ge n e ra t or [ pl ural dyn a m os ] d a i -n a-m o '

. .

d y n a s t n ( ru l e r ) d a i n ie s t , d a i n ast , d i n ast
’ ’ ’
- -
. .

d y n a s t i c a dj ( of a d y n as t y ) d a i nz st i k , d i n ze st i k
’ '
. .

d y n a s t y n ( l ord s hi p ; r oy a l l in e ) d a i n a st i , d i n o-st i
’ '
- -
. .

d y n e n ( u n it of f orce ) d a m
. .

d y s c r a s i a n ( dy scr a sy ; d ist e m p e r ) d i sks e e se , d i sks e e -si-a

’ ’
-
. .

d y s c r a s y n ( m orb id dia t h e s is ; d is t e m p e r ) d i s ks a-s r '

. .

d y s e n t e r y n ( in f la m m a t ion of t h e la r ge in t e s t i n ) d i san
'
.

tez i , ( r a p id l y)
’
d i sa n -
t s ; (
i a l s o )
’
d i -
s e n t a -z i .

d y s o d i l e n gre e n is h or y e l l ow is h c oal w h ich b u rn s w i t h a

.

fe t id od or [ a ls o s pe lt dys odyl e ] d i so d i l , d i sa-d a i l '

-
’
.

Q , d i sp e p s i a , d i s p e pS i-a
’
d y s p e p s i a n ( i n d ige s t i on ) d i sp e p S
’ '
-
. .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s dys p e p s ia
'
d y s p e p s y n d i spe pS I . . .

d y s p e p t i c a dj n d i s p e p t i k
’
. . .
,

d y s p h a g i a n ( d i ff icu l t y i n s w a ll ow in g) d i s fe e - d si-a
’
. .

d y s p n o e a n ( diff icu l t y i n b r e a t h in g) d i sp n i i- a
’
. .

dy s u r y n d
( y s.u r i a )
’
d i s co Z i-
.

d y v o u r n b an k ru pt [ a l s o, s om e t im e s, spe lt div or ] da i -vac .

'
.

d a i - v uz
’
.

d z e r e n n a n t e l ope [ al s o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt dz er on , dz eri n ]
.

'
z n - z an ( p e,d a n t ic a l l y)
’
d z u z a n
’
d z i z - en
z -
, .

d z i g g e t a i n w ild a s s of A s ia [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e da hio

.

g e t a i ]
'
z i g i t
- ai
, ( p e d a n t i c a ll y)
'
d z i g ti - ai
.

e a ch p r on .
( ev e ry , et c .
) it S ( w he n u n s tr e s t ) it s
i , .

s u rgi n g of t he t id e [ a ls o s p e lt e agr e , e ygr e ] i i-gaz .

'

eager n .

'
e e - g az .

ea ger ad j . ( k e e n ) i i -
gaz .

ca r i n g n. ( t h e p roce ss of c om i n g in t o e ar , as of w h e at )
'
i :- z i n .

eari n g n. rape on t h e cr in gl e of a sa il [ al s o s pe l t e a rr i n g ]
'
i z- z n) .

5 NC 0 b t h 9 t h i n : u r e ( ls j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
9. 11 1
16 : e , 3 a z ,

w w h e n ; I] S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , a u l l , on o ol , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
.

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e ga t e ;
 DICTI ON ARY OF HARD WORD S l7 l

ear l ( cou n t ) s zz l
n . .

e a r l d om n ( r a n k of a n e a r l ) az l d a m ozz l d a m
f '
-
. .
,

ea rn v ( ga in b y la b or ; ob t a in b y s e r v ic e ; a cq u ir e )
. ozz n .

ear n in g n ( ac t i on of ga in in g b y la b or or s e r v ic e
.
; a m ou n t

; i n com e on ca pi t a l ) s z n i i)
’
a cq u i r e d
'
s zz n i i) ,
-
.

earr in g n r i n g f or t h e e a r ; a ls o, u c h s ia [ a ls o
. f s p e l t e a r - r in g ]
’
i z-z i i] .

e ast ern er n. (dw e ll e r in t h e e a st e r n or N e w E n g la n d st at e s )

’
i i st-
a -
n az .

e a st w a r d a dj ( d h i ii
’ ’ ’
t o w a r t e e a s t ) i
. s t -
w a z d , i i s -
t w az d ,
s t w oz d .

e a s y -g o i n g a dj
’
i i- Z i goo- i n, ( as s u m pt iv l y )
’
. i i- Z i - goo- i i] .

eat v ( con su m e a s ood ; d e v ou r ) xit , ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) it

. f .

can n w a t e r [ p l u r a l e a u x ] 00
. .

ca n : n ( p l u ra l of e a u ) ooz
. .

e a v e s n pl ( low e r e d g e of a r oo ) i iv z ,
. . f
eb b n f
( re lux or a ll in g of t h e t id e ; d e c l in e ) e h
. f
E b i o n i t e n ( on e of a s e ct o f u d a i z in g C h r ist i a n s of a b ou t
. J
t he f
ou r t h c e n t u ry )
’
i i bi a n ai t - - -
.

e b on y n ( h a rd bl a ck w ood ) e b s u i ( r a i dly ) e b n i
.
' ’
-
, p .

e b u l l i e n ce n ( a b oili n g or b u r s t i n g . or t h ; ov e r l ow ) f f
i b A l is n s
'
.

e b u l l i t i on n ( b oil i n g ; b u bb li n g ; a g it a t i on ) e b a l i Sa n
’
. .

e b u ri n i m it a t ion iv or y [ a ls o s p e l t e b u r i n e ] e b j u- e m ,
'
n .

i i- b j a -Z i n
’
.

e b u r n a t i on n ( m i i i
’
a b e c o n g l k e v o ry)
. e b a z n e e -
S , b ae
a n i -

S
’
n e e - an .

eb u rn i n e n of i v ory [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , sp e l t e b u r n in ] e b az ’
.

’ '
n i n, e b a e - n a i n , i ps e n a i n -
.

é c a r t é n ( ca r d -g a m e ) e ka z t e e
’
. .

e cb o l e n d
( g i i l i i f ) b -l i
’
r e s s o n ; a. s o , r a s n g o a t on e e k a .

e c c e h o m o in t e rj ( h l d h m ! m o, e k i hoo
’ ’
b e o , t e a n ) e k s i h o o -
.

mo .

e cce n t ric ad j .
( n ot c on ce n t r ic ; ou t of ce n t e r ; n ot ci rcu la r )
e k se n t gi
’
k .

e c c e n t r i ci t y n i
’
( e c ce n t r c q u a l i t y; o dd i t.
y) e k s e n t gi S i -
ti -
.

e c ch y m o s e d a dj ( a e c t e d w it h e cch y m os is ’or b l ot ch e s . ff
c au s e d b y e xt r a v a s a t e d b lood ) e k i m os t , e k i m oost ,
'
e ki -

m ooz d
'
.

e c c l e s i a s t i c a dj ( of t h e ch u rc h ) e k e iz i ze s t i k
’
-
. .

e cd y si s n h i m
’
( s l o u g n g of f ;. o l t ) e k d i -
Si s .

ec h e l o n n s t e p li k e or m a t ion of t r oop s [ a l s o s pe l t e ch e l l on ]
-
. f
eS a - l on
’
.

c: la w fu r
, a: , a: c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r a u n ow , 6 : a sk or ki t e
h ot , or , ,

l e n g t h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g

st r e s s -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h i e f
s t re ss on t h e f ol l ow m g s y ll a b le .
172 DICTION ARY OF H A RD WORD S
i n o d e r m n ( spi n y sk in d a n im al , a s a hi n ) i k a i ’
e ch .
-
sea -u rc
n a- d s zz m , e k i n a - d e ze m
’
.

e ch i n i t e n ( f o ss il s e a .
-
u r chi n ) i
’
k a i -
n a i t
'
e k i -
nai t , .

e ch i n u s n s e a -urc hi n ; ov ol o m ol d in g [ p l u r a l e ch in i] i k a i
'
.

n os , i k a i -n as
’
.

e c h o n r e p e t it i on of s ou n d s , e t c [ pl u ra l e c h oe s , rar e ly e c h os ]
. .

’
e ko .

ec l a i r n ( ob lon g cr e a m ca k e ) e k L e zz , ( s om e t im e s ) e e - k e e zz
’ ’
-
. .

e cl a i r c i s s e m e n t ( p l i ) k i m on
’
n e x a n a t o n e
.
-
s e z s x s -
.

e cl a i r c i s e v cl e a r u p [ a l s o sp e lt e cl a ir cis e ] i k L e zz -sa i z
’
. .

ec l a t n ( d a z z li n g e ff e ct ; s e n s a t ion ) e k L a : ( r a r e ly ) e e -k L a
' ’
. .

'
e cl e c t i c a dj ( se l e ct in g ; c h oos in g e t c ) e k l e kt i k
.
, . .

s h or t p oe m ; b u c ol ic [ a l s o s p e l t e cl og ] e k-l e g
’
e cl o g u e n . .

e cl o s i o n n ( an e m e r i
g g,
. n a s o f a n i n s e c t f r o m t h e p p ca se )
u a -

i k L oo-sa n
’
.

e cl y si s n ( l i f ) k
’
o w e r .n g o a t o n e e L i -
Si s .

e c ol o g y n s cie n ce of a n i m a l an d v e ge t ab le e con om y , l i fe
.

h is t ory e t c [ a l s o s p e lt oe col ogy ] i k ol a - d si

’
.
, .

e c on om i c a dj ( of e c on om y ) i i ka n om i k , ika n om i k , e ka
’ ’
-
.

n om i k
’
.

e c o n o m i c a l a dj ( s a v in g, t h r i ft y ; of p olit ical e con om y ) i i

.

k a n om i kal , e ka n om i k al
’ '
- -
.

e c on om i z e v [ a ls o sp e l t e con om is e ] i k on a-m a i z
’
. .

e c on o m y n h ou s e h ol d m a n a ge m e n t ; a d m in is t ra t ion ; f ru gal
.

it y [ a l s o, b u t ra r e ly n ow s p e l t oe con om y ] i k on a - m i
'
, .

ec r u a dj ( u n b l e a ch t ) e ks u u , ( s om e t im e s ) e e - ks u
’ '
. .

t h e s t a t e of b e i n g b e s id e on e s s e l f ; ra pt u re [ al so
’
e cst a sy n .

s p e l t e x t a s i e , e x t acy ; pl u r a l e cs t a s i e s ] e kst a S i
’
-
.

e ct h l i p s i s n ( om iss i on or su pp r e s sion of a l e t t e r or s ou n d )
.

e k O L i pSi s
’
.

e ct h o r e u m n t h e t h r e ad o f . a t h r e a d -
ce ll ; cn i d ocil [ a ls o
s p e lt e c t h or a e u m ; p l u r a l e c t h or e a ] e k O a z ri- a m
’
.

d d
’
e c t o g e n o u s a dj (p r o d u ce o u t s i .d e t h e h o s t ) e k t o s n as
i -
.

é c u n ( s h ie l d ; coin ) e kcou , c c-kcu

’ ’
. .

e cu m e n i c a l a dj of t h e w h ol e C h ri s t ia n c hu r ch ; ca t h ol ic ;
.

-k
m k m al
’
w or ld w id e ; ge n e ra l [ a l s o s p e lt oe cu
-
e n i c al ] e e u e n i .

e cz e m a n ( s k i n -
e r u
. p t i o n )
’
e k s i - m a
’
e k z i -
m a ; ( l es s p r o,p er ly)
e gz r- m a ; e g Z i i- m a
’ ’
.

e c s e m a t o u s a dj ( of e c e m a ) g m
’
z e .
z e a -
t as .

d aam i d a zm
' ’
E d a m a dj ( i n E d a m c h e e s e )
*
. i i -
, .

e di
’
ed dy n s m a ll w h ir l p ool ; v or t e x [ pl u r a l e d di e s ]
.
.

e d el w eiss n f
( w h it e l ow e r
.
o f t h e A l p s a n d P y r e n e e s )
’
e e -dl

d l
’ ’
se d l vai s
-
v ai s ,
a -
v a s
i -
e a ,
.

6 t hin ; 3 d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe t Sc h e w ;
j ye , c cu r e ; a t he ,
a z u re , ,

fu ll , on fool
O
.

w w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act a , , i i t , i i see ;

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ria l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b ed, ee gat e ;

17 4 DICTI ON A RY OF H A RD W O RD S

ef f u s e a dj ( pou rd ou t f re e ly ; sp re d in g l oose ly ) e f iuu s ,

'
.

( r a p id ly ) i fiu u s
'
.

( pou r f ort h ; s h e d ) e fiuu z , ( r a p id ly ) i fiuu z

'
ef f u se v
'
. .

e f f u si v e a dj ov e r f l ow i n g . [ a l s o s p e l t e u s i v ] e
’
f iu u -s i v
, ff
( r a p i d l y) i
'
fi u u - i v
S ; ( a l s o ) e
'
fi u u -z
i v , i
'
f i u u -z
iv .

e g a d i n t e rj i gae d
’
. .

E g e a n a dj of t h e A r ch ip e l a go [ a ls o sp e l t A e g e a n ] i d 3 i i-a n
'
. .

egg n . ov u m [ a l s o s pe l t e g ] e g ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) e e g .

e g g v in c it e ; p r ov ok e [ a l s o s pe lt e g ; p a st p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t
.

e r i t e gg e d egd ] e g ,
.

e g g -n a g n d r i n k [ a l s o s p e l t e gg- n ogg e g- n og ] e g n og
’
. .
,

g oa t e y e ; gr a ss ; oa k [ a ls o sp e l t a e gil op s ] e d sx
’
e gi l op s n -
.

l op s i i- d 3 i - l op s
’
.
,

s h ie l d [ a l s o s p e l t a eg is ]
'
e gi s n . i i d3 i s -
.

e gl a n t i n e i i )
'
’
n ( s w e e t b r e.r ; h p
-
t re e e g l o n -t a i n
, e g l a n -t i n
,
’
( r a r e ly ) e gl a n t in -
.

ego n .
( I s e l f
, )
’
i i g o
’
i i -
o
g ;
'
e g o
'
e -
g ;
-
o
'
e g o
,
'
e -
go , , .

e g oi s m n ( d o c t r i
. n o f t h e s e l f o r o f se l f -
i n t e re st : t he cor
,
'
r e l a t i v o f a l t r u is m ) i i go i z a m
’
- -
e g o- i z a m , .

e g oi s t n ( d h f i m i
’
)
'
a . e r e n t o e g o s i -
g o i s t e g i st
o- -
, .

e g ot i sm n ( t h e p r ac t is of p u tt i n g on e s s e l f f or w a r d ; e xce s
’
.

s iv s e l f e st e e m ) i i ga t i z a m e g a- t i z a m
’ '
- - -
.
,

e g o t i z e v t a lk or w r it e e g ot is t ica lly [ a l s o s p e lt e g ot is e] i i -ga

.

tai z .

e gr e g i ou s ad j .
( d ist in gu is h t : gr oss ) i
'
gZ i i - d 3 as ; ( le ss p r op
i i
’
e r ly ) i gZ I -
d 3 as
-
.

( for m e r ly )
’
e gr e ss n .
( goin g ou t ; e xit ) ii -
ge e s ; i gz e s .

( go ou t ; d e p a r t ) i
’
e gr e ss v. gz e s .

’
egr et ( hne r
. o n ; s e e d a s l
p ppu ; p u icor n ; m m o n k e y) i i-
ge i t
-
.

c om pa r e a ig r e t a ig r e t t e , .

e h in t erj [ a l s o s p e l t e ig h ] e e , ( a ls o, occas ion a l ly ) e

. .

e i d e r -d o w n ( d f i d
der uc ) aik d -d a u n
'
n o w n o h
t e c -
.
-
a z .

e i g h t e e n a dj n e e t i in ; ( s o m e t im e s , e m h a t ica l ly )
’
. , . e e t t i in ;
’
p
( a n t er ior ly ; b y con t r a s t ) e e t in , oe t t in
’ ’
- —
.

e i g h t h a dj , n e et O . . .

e i t h e r a dj r on , n ou n - .
-
p
r on , a d v c on j
'
i i-o az ,.
'
a i -o az p . .

e j e ct v ( t h r ow ou t ; e xp e l ) i d3 e k t
'
. .

e j e ct n ( s om e t h i n g e j e ct e d : a con sc iou s n e s s in e r r e d t o
. f
e xis t in t h e n on e go : i i - d se kt ,
’
-
c orre l a t i v of o b j e c t , e t c ) .

'
i d 3 e kt .

e l a b or a t e a dj ( p r odu ce d b y ' l ab or ; w orkt ou t ’in d et a il ;

.

y
h igh l f i n is h t ; p a i n st a k in g ) i l ze b a z ot ( r a id ly ) i l ae b z a t -
, p .

r ic i n ol e i c [ a l s o s p e l t e l a iod ic ] e l i od i k
’
e l a e o d i c a dj . .

j ye ,c cu t e ; 6 t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t S h e w : c
w w h e n ; !] S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , i i s e e : f f
a p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , s o ga t e ;
 D I CTIO N ARY O F HARD WORD S 175

el a e o d o c o h n n ru m p g
- l a n d
. o f a b i r d ; u r o p yg ia l g l a n d [ p l ur

] e d k on
’
al e a l e o d o c h a l l e e -
.

( of e l a in ) e l e i d i k
’
el a i d i c a d j . .

m b [ ] -i -d i n
’
el a i d i n n c h e
. i c s u s t a n c e a l s o s p e l t e l a i d in e i l e e .

l ] i a ; ( i mp r op e r l y ) i l e e n
’ '
el a i n n o . l e i n [ sa l o s p e t e l a i n e i l a e -
.

Gl a n n ( i m pe t u ou s rus h ; a r d or ; d a s h ) e l on
’
. .

) i -l an d
'
el a n d n ( C p . a e e lk i .

e l a s t i c a dj ( re su m in g t he n orm a l f or m a ft e r b e in g dist ort e d )

.

st i k
'
k l
'
i lz s t i , i a z-
.

' ’
e l a s t i ci y t n il az s t i S I
. t ,
- i e l a s t i S I -
ti .

e l a t e a dj ( ex a lt e d , l oft y ) l i c e t
’
. .

( l i ft on h ig h ; i n sp ir it ) i l e e t
’
el a t e v . .

el a t e r n s. r i
( p g, ' a t c y ;
n e l s i i t s k ip j c ,
-
a k a b e e t l e ; s p o r e - d is
p e r s i n g f i l a m e n t ) e l a -
t a z .

el a t e r n on e w h o or t h at w h ich e la t e s [ a l s o sp e l t e l a t or ]
.

’
i l s e -t az .

B l e a n a dj ( El is e ) i i-li-an
'
. .

e l e ca m p a n e n (p m ) l -k
z m pe e n
’
l a n t ; s w . e e t e a t e i .

( on e w h o e l e ct s ) i l e kt a z
’
el e ct o r n .

e l e ct r i ci a n n ( on e v e r st in e l e ct ri cit y ; on e w h o m akes or
.

re p a ir s e l e ct r i c a p pa ra t u s ) il e k t gi S
’
e l e k t gi S
'
an an , .

e l e c t r i ci y k
’ ’ '
t n il e k t g i S. I -
t ,
i e l e t g i S i -
t i ; ( v u lgar ly ) il e k t gi st i ,
i k
' ’
le k t g i s t i , l e tg x z x t
- i .

e l e ct i r s e v e l e ct . r i f y [ a l s o s p e l t e l e c t r i s e ] i
’
l e x -
t g a i z .

l i l e kl ga l i zz
’
el e ct r o l i e r n l
( c u st e r o
. f e e c t r c l a m p )s i -
.

e l e c t r ol y z e v d e comp os e b y e le ct r icit y [ a ls o s pe lt e le ct r o
.

lys e ] i l e kt za -l a i z
'
.

( m ki )
'
e l e ct r ot y p y n t h e a . n g o f e l e c t r o t yp e s i l e k t r a -
t a i -
pi .

m m
’
el ee o s y n a r y a dj ( o f s l n i s; c . h a r i ta b l e ) e l i o S I -
n e a i ; ( al
' ’
a l i m a s i n az i , e l i m oS i n Z I ;
'
s o) -
e l i m oS i n a a i —
, ( a ls o) e l i -

m oZ i n e z i e t c ; ( a l s o) e l i i m oSi n a - z i
' ’
- -
. .
,

el ge a n t a j ( d d a i n t y; g c u ;
. r a e f l r e f i n ed )
’
e l i -
ga n t .

’
el egi ( f l gy ) i d i d 3a z k i
’
a c n o . a n e e i l i 3 a e k e l i - - -
, .

el gi l d j ( g ) l i d i
’
e a ca a e e a c . e l i 3 a a -
kal -
.

el e gi am b u s n a v e r s e c on s i s t i n g of a d a ct y l ic p e n t h e m im
.

a n d a n ia m b ic d i m e t e r [ p l u r a l e l eg ia m b i ] e l i d 3 a i a e m b as
’
-
.

i i i
'
el g a ( l ) l d i d i
’
e s t n e e .
g s t i i -
3
-
az s t e l i 3 a -a z st , .

e l e g i st n ( i f gy )
’
w . r t e r o a n e l e e l i -
d3 i s t .

e l e g i s e v w r it e a n e le gy ; w ri t e a n e l e gy on [ a ls o s pe lt e l e
.

g s ] d3 a i z
'
i e e l i -
.

el egy n f l m i -d i
'
( s
. o n g o a e n t a t o n , e t c ) e l i 3 . .

el em en t a ry a dj ( f l m di m y) l m
'
o e e e . n t s ; ru e n t a r e i e n t a -ci
,

( r a p idly ) e l i m e n t gi
'
.

c: l aw ,fura: , is c a t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f or, 00 n ow , 8 : a sk , a : ki t e ;
or
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e ss-m rk
a i nd i ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e ss on th e f ol low i ng syll ab le .
176 DICTION ARY OF HA R D WO R D S
( a r e fu t a t ion ; s op h ism ; e le n ch us ) i l e nk
'
cl e n ch n. .

'
e l e n c h i c a dj ( e l e n ct ic) i l e nk i k . .

( of r e fu t a t ion ) i l e nkt i k
'
e l e n c t i c a dj . .

e l e p h a n t i a si s n ( s kin d ise a se ) e l i fie n t ai a s i s

’
— - - -
. .

l m y) f ti n
'
el ep h a n t in e a jd ( of e e ph a n t s ; clu s e l i .ie n -
, e li
'
fae n t i n e l i fe n - t a i n
’
.
,

h i ) d - fa n -
t ord
’ '
e l e p h a n t oi d a dj ( pe l e a n t - l k e . e l i f a
e n -
t o i , e l i .

E l e u s i n i a n a dj ( of El eu sis ) e l iu s m i- an
'
. .

cl ov e n ( p u p il ) e l e v
'
. .

'
el ev en a dj n i l e v an ; .
, ( d ia l e ct al ly, col l oq u ia lly, v u lgar ly )
.

le b m
' ’
i l e b m , l e van ,
’
.

e l f n s pr it e ; f a i ry ; g ob l in [ p l u r a l e lv e s ] e l f
. .

E l i a c a dj ( of El is ; El e a n ) i i-l i-z k
’
. .

( d r a w ou t ; ga in ) i l i S i t
'
e l i ci t v . .

e l i g i b l e a dj ( fi h l d 3 b al ; ( assu mp
’
t t o b e c . o se n ; s u i t a b l e ) e i a -

t iv ly ) e l i - d3 ab al ( r a p i d ly ) e l i d 3 b a l
’ '
.
,

e l i s i on n ( a cu t t in g off ; t h e su pp re ss ion of a v ow el s ou n d
.

’
or of a s yll a b l e ) i l i 3 a n .

e l i s or n ( o n e o. f t w o p e r s o n s w h o s e l e c t a j u r y)
'
e l i -z
az ,
'
i l a i - z az .

el i t e n ( a ch oice or s e l e ct b ody ; b e st p a rt ) e l i it
.
’
.

el i xir n ( p r e p a r at ion f or ch a n gi n g m’ e t al s in t o gold , or f or

.

p r ol on g i n g l i f e ; s ov e r e ig n r e m e d y ) i l i ksaz .

E l i z a b e t h a n a dj ( of El iz a b e t h ) i -l i z a b i i- O a n , i -l i z a b e O an ,
' ’
.

'
i l i z a b e O an -
.

el l n .
( m e a su r e ) e l .

e l l i p s e n r e gu l a r ov a l [ p l ur a l e l l ip s es ] i l i ps
'
. .

el l ip se s n (p l u r a l o f .e ll ip s s)
i i
’
l i p s iz
-
.

e l l i p si s n ra r e l y a n e l lip se ; u su a lly
.
, a n om m iss ion ; a s ign ,

of om m is s i on a s a d a sh , or a s e r ie s of s t ar s or pe ri od s
,

[ pl u r a l e ll ip s es ] i l i pS i s
'
.

el m n ( t r e e ) e l m ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) e lam
'
. .

e l o c u t i on n ( f k i )
’
a r t o s p e a . n g e t c e l a k c uu -
Sa n , . .

e l o c u t i v e a dj of e l ocu t ion [ a ls o sp e lt e l ocu t iv ] i l okcu-t i v ,

'
.

'
e l a k cu t i v
-
.

é l o g e n ( p a n e gyr ic ) e l O O 3
'
. .

e l og i u m n e l ogy ; fu n e r al orat ion ; éloge , [pl ur al e logia ]

.

i l oo d 3 i a m
’
- -
.

el e gy n ob s ol e t e ( e xpl a n a t ory in s cr ipt ion ; c h a ract e r iz a t i on

.

e l ogiu m ; e u l ogy ) e l a- d3 i
'
.

E l oh i s t n ( w ri t e r of t h e p art s of t h e Pe nt a t eu ch i n w hich
.

“
El oh im i s u s e d in s t e a d of Y a h v e h
” “ ’
e l a o h i st ,
'
-
e l o -
h i st ,
'
e l o i st
-
.

j c cu e ; a t h e
ye , 0t hi n g 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sche w ;
r .

w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a u l l , ou ool , i it , i i s e e ; f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
178 DI CT I ON AR Y OF H A RD W ORD S

em b o n p oi n t n ( fl e s h in e ss ) on-b e n pw aen
’
.
. .

e m b osom v [ syn on y m ou s cogn at e i m b os om ] e m buz am ’

. .

e m b o s s v cau se t o b u lge ; a d or n w it h b oss e s [ pa st par t i ci pl e

.

a n d pr e t e r i t e mb os s e d e m b os t ] e m b e zs , ( r a r e ly ) e m b e s
’ ’
, .

e m b ou c h u r e n ( m h f iv e r ; m ou t h pie ce ) onb u Sa zz ’
o u t o . a r .

e m b ow e l v r e m ov e t h e v isce r a f r om ; d is e m b ow e l [ p r e s e n t
.

p a r t m i p l e e m b o w e li n g , e m b o w e l l in g ; pa st p a r t i ci pl e a n d
p r e t e r i t e m b o w e l e d e m b o w e ll e d , e ,m b o w e l d ] e m
'
b a u al
-
.

e m b r a ce v ( cl a sp in t h e a rm s ; acce pt gla dl y ) e m b z e e s
’
. .

e m b r a ce r n on e w h o a t t e m pt s t o corru pt a j u ry [ a ls o s p e lt
.

e m b r a ce or, e m b r as or ] e m b a c e s az
'
-
.

e m b r a s u r e n b e v e l a t t h e s id e s of a n ope n in g ; b e v e l d ope n
.

i n g [ a l s o, f or m e rly, s p e l t e m b r as u r e ] e m bz e e 3 s e e m b e e e
’ '
-
,

z j az , ( r a re ly ) e mb z a z j u zz , e m be a sozz ; ( s ome ti mes, in mi li

' ’

t ar y u s e ) e mb as -3 s e
’
.

'
e m b r ogl i o n e m b z ool j o, e m b z oo-l i-o sa me m e an i n g as
’
-
. .

i m b r ogl io .

em b ryo n ( f e t u s ; ge r m ) om b r i o
'
-
. .

e m b r y on a l a dj m m i
’
( o f a n e b r
.
y )o e b z -a-n l
.

em en d v ( re m ov e e r r or s f r om ; cor re ct ) i m e n d
'
. .

em e n d a t e v ( r e m o v e
. e rr o r s f r o m ; c o r r ec t )
'
i i -m n — e
e d t .

e m e n d a t i on n i ) i m d S m d
’
( San
'
c o rr e c t o n. e n e e - an
e s n e e -
, .

e m e n d a t or n m d i m d e t az
' '
( c o rr e c t o r.
) e a n o t e z , i -
a n - -
.

e m e r i t u s a dj d i a rge d f r om s e rv ice ) i m ez i
’
( h o n o r a.b l y sc h
te s .

( com in g ou t ; e m e r ge n ce ) i ms z S ( im p r op er ly )
'
e m e r s i on n . an ;

c om p a r e i m m er s i on
'
m nzz -3 an
i . .

e m e r y n ( im pu re c oru n d u m u s e d f or gri n d ing a n d p ol ish ing)

.

( r a p idly ) e mz i
'
e m ac i
'
e m a-ci ; ( a n t e r i or ly )
'
.
,

e m e t i ci s e v cau s e t o v om it [ a ls o s pe l t e m e t icis e ] i m e t i
'
.

sai z .

em e t a lka l oid [ al s o, s om e t im e s, sp e l t e m e t in ] m
'
in e n . e i ti n,
-

'
e mi -
tai n .

é m e u t e n ( riot , ou t b r e ak ) e m a :t
'
. .

e m i gr a n t n ( on e w h o q u it s on e cou nt ry t o se tt le in an
.

ot h e r : d i s t i n gu i s h t f r om i m m igr a n t ) e m i -ge a n t
'
.

em i gr a t e v e m i gz e t
’
-
. .

em in en t ( h igh in r a n k con sp icu ou s) e m i n an t ; ( as

’
a dj . ,
-

s u mpt iv ly ) e m i n en t ( r a p i d ly ) e m n ant
' '
.
,

e m i r n [ a l s o sp e l t e me er ; sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s a m e e r a mir ]
.
,

i m i :z e m i zz , i i m az
’ ' ’
-
, .

e m i s a r y n ( p e r s on s e n t ; a l s o ou t e t ; uct ) e
s . l d
'
m i -
s ez i , .

S
'
e m i s s i on n ( a n e m i tt i.n g o r s e n d i n g ou t : d i sc h a r g e ) i m i a n .

j c
ye ,cu r e ; b t h e 0 t h i n 3 a z u r e , d 3
. j oy ; S s h oe , t S h e w ; c
w w h e n ; i) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , a ull , ou ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
a p oe t ic ; a o v e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d o or s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ; .
 D I CT I O N ARY OF HARD WORD S 179

em it v. ( se nd fort h ; ven t ; d isch a rge ) mi ti

’
.

em m m e d icin [ a ls o sp e lt e mm e n a g og ] mena
'
en a g og u e n . i

m ri-n a-gog
'
g og , i .

e m ol l i a t e v ( soft e n ; re n d e r fe m in in ) i m ol i e t
'
-
. .

e m o l l i e n t a dj s of t e n in g [ a l s o s p e l t e m olie n t ] i m ol i an t
'
. .

e m ol u m e n t n ( pr ofi t f r om o ff ic ; s a la ry ) i m ol iu m an t
’
-
. e .

e m p a n e l n e m pa n l s a m e m e a n n g as i mp a n e l
’
. . i .

em ru l e r of a n e m p i r e ) e m pa-z az
’
p e r or n .
( .

em p h a s i s n v ig o r o f .s t a t e m e n t ; s t r e s s [ p l u r a l e mp ha s es ]
e m f a-s i s
'
.

em p h asi s e v st r e ss [ a l s o . l
sp e t e m p ha s s e ] e a s a i z
i
’
m f -
.

em p iri c n ( on e w ho re lie s on e x pe r i e n ce ; q uack ) e m p i z i k

’
. .

e m p ir ic s i m m i m m p z S i z ai n
’
n ( e p r i c e t h .o d) e i i -
.

m p l oy é n np w oj m sa m e m e a n i n g a s e m
’ ’
e o - s p s oi e e
-
. e e , e .

pl oy e e .

e m p l oy e e n . h o is e m pl oy e d or w orks f or w a ge s or
on e w
sa l a ry [ a l s o s pe l t e mp l oy e ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s e m p l oy é,

e m p l oy é e ] e m - p e oi i i
'
.

e m p l o y ee n ( a .f e m a l e e m l
p y o e e ) n p o j e e e m p e oi e e
o -
’
,
-
'
.

e m p l oy e r n ( on e w h o e m p l oy s or u s e s ; on e w h o e m pl oys
.

s e r v a n t s or w orki n g p e O p l e ) e m p e oi-az
’
-
.

e m p r e ss n ( con s or t of a n e m p e r or ; w om a n w h o r ul e s a n
.

e m p ir e ) e m ps xs ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly )
’
e m p ps i s
’
-
.

e m p r e s se m e n t n i l i -m
’
( g
e a e r .n e s s ; c o r d a t y) onp s e s on .

e m p r i se n u n d e r t a k in g ;
. e n t e rpri se ; m a rt ia l p row e s s [ al s o
s p e lt e m p r is e ] e m ps a i z
’
.

e m p t y a dj ( v oid ; v a ca n t ; m e a n i n g le ss ) e m pt i
’
. .

e m p t y -h e a d e d a dj [ a l s o s p e l
. t e m p t y h e d e d ] e m pt i h e d i d ,
-
’

m m
’
( as s u p v y ) e pt h e d i d
t i l i -
.

em p y em a ( py ot h ora x ) e m p i i i m a ; ( l ess p r op e r ly ) e m
’
n .
-

i i
'
- ni
p a l a .

e m p yr ea l a dj ( of t h e e m py r e a n ; ce l e st ia l ; su b l i m e ) e m
.

i m
'
l i ai , e m p a i Z I i al
’ ’
p -
-
i z a , e p z
i i - -
.

em p yr ea n n ( t h e h igh e s t h e a v e n ; t h e f i r m a m e n t ; c os m ic
.

s p a c e ) e m p i z xi an , e m p i z i a n
’
e m -p a i e i i-a n
’ ’
- -
.
,

e m p yr eu m a n t h e b u rn t s m e ll of h e a t e d a n i m a l or v oge
.
-

t a b l e m a t t e r [ p lu r a l e m p y r e u m a t a ] e m p i z u u n i a
'
-
.

e m u n t h r e e t oe d r a t it e b i r d [ a l s o sp e l t e m e u, e m e w ] i i-m j u
- ’
. .

e m u l s i on n ( m ilky liq u id ) i m A l S
'
. an .

e m u l s i v e ad j [a l so sp e lt e m u ls iv ] i m Al Si v
’
. .

en alla ge n ( su b st it u t ion of on e gr a m m a t ical f or m f or a n

.

' '
ot h e r ) i n ze l a-d si e na ela d3 i,
-
.

en a m el v [ p r e se n t pa rt i c i pl e e n a m e l ing e n a mell i n g ; p a st
.
,

c: law , fu r ,
a: a ca t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow , a: a s k, ai ki t e ;
or
l e n gt m a r k
h -
i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d i n s ou n d i s l on g ;
s t r e s mar k
s -
i ndi ca t e s chie f
s t re ss on t h e allow i ng sylla b l e.
180 DICTI ON ARY OF H ARD WORD S
p a rt i c i p l e an d p re t e r i t e n a m e l e d, e n a m ell e d, e n a me l d ]
m al
’
i nz .

en a m el e r e n a m e ll er ] i n aem a -l az .
'
n . [ a ls o s pe lt

e n a m or v in spir e w it h l ov e [ al s o sp e l t e n a mou r ; pas t pa r

.

t i C i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t e n a m or e d , e n a m or d ] e naem az
'
.

’
e n a t h os i s n
r r ( b a l a nd s c e t j o t ) e
l - - o k i n . n - az O s o o-s i
s .

e n c a g e v c on f i n e i n a cage [ sy n on y m ous cogn at e in cag e ] e n

.

ke e d3
'
.

s a m e m e a n i n g a s in cas e
'
c n ca s e v e n ke es . . .

'
)
’
e n ce i n t e n ( e n c l osu re on . se e n t , a n sa gt .

’
e n c e i n t e a dj ( p r egn a n t ) on se e n t , on sa nt
’
. .

e n ce n i a n d e d ica t ion - f e st iv al [ a ls o sp e lt e n ca en i a ; pl ura l

.

e n c e n i a ] e n s xi- n i- a
'
.

e n c e p h a l i c a dj ( of t h e e n c e p h a l o n ) e n S i.
'
f a e l i k , e n
'
sa f e -l i k .

e n ce p h a l on n con t e n t s of t h e s ku l l ; b ra in [ p l u ra l e n ceph a
.

l a ] e n se f a l an
’
-
.

’
( b e w it ch ) e n t Sa zn t , e n t Sa zn t , e n t Sa zn t
’ '
e n ch a n t v . .

e n ch i r i d i o n n h a n d b ook ; m a n u a l [ pl ura l e n ch ir id i ons , en

.

c h ir id i a ] e n k i z i d i - a n , e n -k eu z xd i- an
' '
.

e n c l a s p v [ f or m e r s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e i n cl as p ] e n k a a zsp
’
. .

in t e rr it ory ) e n k L e e v , e n k e a zv
’
e n cl a v e n
'
( s h u t -
. .

e n cl a v e v h a v e a d ov e -t a il b ord e r : sa id of a n ordinary
.

’
[ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e in cla ve ] e n k L e e v , on k a a zv
’
.

e n cl i s i s n ( p r on u n cia t ion a s a n e n clit ic ; in clin a ti on ) e nka i

’
.

SIS .

e n cl o s e v . su rr ou n d , e n v e l op ; in se rt in an e n v e l op [ sy n on
y m ou s i n cl os e ] e n k L ooz
'
cog n a t e .

] k
'
e n cl o s u r e n . [ y
s n on y m ou s c og n a t e i n c l os u r e e n L oo-
3 az .

e n c om iu m n . e u l ogy ; p a n e gy r ic [ p l u r a l en com iu ms, e n c omi a ]

’
e n koo-m i am -
.

e n c o m p a s s v s u r r ou n d [ p as t pa rt i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t e n com
.

p ass e d e n compas t ] e n ka m pas

,
'
.

( ca ll f or a r e pet it ion ; r e p e at e d pe r f orm a n ce ) e g

'
e n c or e n .

kozz e n kozz
’
.
,

i s z i ds
’
e n cou r a g e v ( i n s p r e ; i n ci t e ; c ou n t e n a
. n ce ) e n k en ,
'
kA z i d 3 .

e n cr i n i t e n ( f ossil cr in oid) e n ks i n a i t
’ -
. .

e n cu m b e r v h a m p e r ; b u r d e n ; b l ock u p [ f or m e r sy n ony
.

m ou s cogn a t e in cu m b e r ] e n ka m b az
’
.

e n cu m b r a n c e n [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e in cu m b r an ce ] e n.

ka m b z a n s
'
.

e n c y c l i c a l a dj ( in t e n de d f or e xt e n siv circu l at ion ) e n s rka i

’
.

k al e n s a i -k L i k al
'
-
.
,

j e cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h in
ye , 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct a u ll on ool i i t , i i se e ; . f , f ,

0 poe t i c ; a ov er, e ae ri al , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;

 182 DICTI ON ARY OF HARD WORD S
e n f r a n ch i s e m e n i s - m an t , i z -m an t ,
'
f s a zn - t S f s a zn - t S
’
t n. en en

n t i z -m a n t
S
'
en fs e .

’
en g i n e n c on t r iv a n ce , m a c h in e [ a ls o s pe lt e ng in ]
. e n d3 i n ;
’ ’
( d i a l e c t a ll y or v u l g a r l y ) i n d 3 a i n, i n d 3 i n -
.

’
e n g i n e e r n e n d 3 i n i zz . .

e n g i n e r y n e n g i n s col l e c t iv ly , e t c [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s ,
. . sp e l t en
’ ’
g i n r y] e n d 3 i n - i
a , e n d 3 i n a -
z1 .

E n g l i s h a dj , n , v i ngl i sh ; ( in Ir e la n d ) e in i S; ( i m r o er
'
. .
’
. p p
ly, a m ong G er m a n - A me r ica n s, e t c ) i nl i S
’
.

e n gr a f t v e n gz a zf t sa m e m e a n i n g a s m gr af t
'
. . .

en gr a in v s a m e m e a n i n g as i n g r a in
’
e n ge e e n . . .

e n gr a v e v ( c a rv e on a su r a ce ; in cise ) e n gz e e v
.
’
f .

e n g r os s v w r it e i n l a r g e l e t t e r s ; a b s orb ; m on opol iz e
. [ pe s t
p a r t m i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t e n g r oss e d, e n gr os t ] e n gz oos
'
.

e n g u l f v p l u n ge i n t o a gu l
. or a b y s s [ s y n on y m ous cog n a t e f
f
i n g u l ; p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t e n gu l e d, e ngu lf t ] e n f
'
ga l f .

e n h a n ce v ( r a i s e ; i n t e n s i y ; i n cr e a se ) e n h a zn s
.
’
f .

en i gm a n r i d d l e [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , s p e l t a e n ig m a ] i n i g m a
’
f .

e n i g m a t i c a dj ( o f a n e n ig m a ) e n i g n i ze t i k , i n i g m a t i k
’ '
. .

e n i sl e v y
[ s n o n m ou s c og n a t e i n is l e ] e n a i l
. y’
.

en l igh t en v ( h l i h i )
’
t r o w g t o n .
; n s t r u c t e n l a i -
tu .

e n m a s s e a dv i n m a s s ; b odi l ; a ll t oge t h e r [ a l s o sp e l t e n
. y
m a s s ] on m a zs on m a zs oij m aezs
’ ’ ’
, , .

e n n e a g on n ( n i n e a n g l e d p ol
.
g o n )
'
e n i-
a -
gon
-
y .

e n n o b l e v ( g iv e t h e r a n k of n ob il i t y t o ; m a k e n ob l e ) e n n oo
'
.

’
b e l , e n oo- b al .

en n u i n ( m e n t a l w e a r i n e ss ; b or e d n e ss ; t e d iu m ) oiJ n WI i, orj
' '
.

n w 1.
en n u j ( a f f e c t e d w it h e n n u i ; b or e d )
yé ad . onn w i J e e .

e n o u g h a dj ( su fficie n t ) i n A f
’
. .

q u ir
’
en e kw a i e
v . s a m e m e a n i n g a s i n q u ir e
en . .

en q u ir y n e n k w a i - ai s a m e m e a n i n g a s i n q u ir y
’
. .
.

e n r a p p o r t a dv ( in r e l a t ion or con n e c t ion ) on z ze poze

’
-
.
.

e n r ol v w r it e on a r oll or li s t ;
. r e g i s t e r ; e n t e r a m on g t h e

r oll s ; o r m i n t o a r oll [ a l s o s p e l t e n r ol l ; p a s t p a r t i cml e a n d

f
p r e t e r i t e n r ol e d , e n r ol l e d , e n r ol d ] e n z ool
’
.

e n r ol m e n t n [ a l s o s p e lt e n r ol l m e n t ] e n e aol m an t
’
-
. .

e n r ou t e a dv ( on t h e w a y ; u p on t h e r oa d ) on z u u t
'
. .

e n s con c e v ( e s t a b l ish i n a p l a ce a s f or c o n ce a l m e n t or com

.
.

for t ) e n s k o n t s ( in B r it a i n ) e n s k on s
'
.
’
.

en se m b l e n ( a l l t h e p a r t s t a k e n t og e t h e r ; g e n e r a l e e ct )
. ff
'
on s o m b a l o n s om b L
'
.
,

5ye C cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h in
, 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , i sc h e w ;
w w h e y ; n i n g ; u w h oe v e r S i r e a ct a f u ll ou ool , I i t , i i s e e ; , . . f
a p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c g a t e ;
 DICTION ARY OF H ARD WORD S 183

e n si gn n. ( s ign ; e m b le m ; b adge ; b an n e r ; f lag ; s t a n d ar d

e u -sa m
'
b e a r e r) .

e n si gn v .
( d ist in guish b y a s ign su ch a s a c r os s , c or on e t , or
mi t e r ) e n s a i n , e n -s s i n
’ '
.

'
e n s i g n cy n ( a k of a n
r n . e n s ig ) n e u -
s a xn -
si .

l
e n si a g e n ( p e s rv g
r . e i n o f f o d d e r i n a s i l o o r p )i t
’
e n S i - id
l 3 .

v ( put i t o a
’
e n s il i sai l
'
e . n s l o ) e n sa i l e u -
, .

same m e an i n g a s ins nar e

’
en sn a r e v e n s x e zz
. . .

( b e su b se q u e n t ; f ollow ; r e s u l t ) e n s cu’u
'
en su e v . .

e n s u i t e a dv ( i n a s e t ; f or m i n g a s e r i e s ) o n s w i i t
. .

sa m e m e a n i n g a s in s u r e
’
e n su r e v e n S . u zz . .

( s w el lin g of t h e s h a f t of’ a colu m n ) e n t a S i s

'
en t a s i s n .
-
.

e n t e l e c l sy n ( r e a l i z.a t i o n ; s o u l ) e n t e l i -k
i .

en t e r v go or come i n , e t c [ p a st par t i ci p l e a n d pr e t e r i t
. .

e n t e r e d, e n t e r d ]
’
e n t az .

e n t e r i c a dj ( i n t e st in a l) e n t e z xk
’
. .

en t e r iti s n ( i n f l
. a m m a t io n o f t eh i n t e s t i n s ) e n t i
’
z a i t
- i s
.

e n t e r on n i n t e s t in [ pl u ra l e n t e r a ] e n t i -z on
.
’
.

e n t e r p r i s e n un d e r t a ki n g [ a l s o s p e l t e n t e r p r iz e ] e n t az -ps a i z
’
. .

e n t e r p r i s i n g a dj [ a l so s p e l t e n t erpr is i ng ] e n t s e p s a i z m
'
- -
. .

e n t h r a l l v m a ke a t h ra l l of ; h ol d i n t h r a ll ; e n s l av e [ a l s o
.

s p e l t e n t h r a l ; s y n ony m ou s c og n a t e s i n t h r a l l i n t h r a l ; p as t ,

l d ] G
’

p a r t i c i p e a n p r e t e r i t e n t h r a l l e d e n t h r a l d e n ,
s c zl .

e n t h r al l m en t n [ a l s o S p e l t e n t hra l me n t ; s y n on y m ou s cog
.

n a t e i n t h r a l m e n t ] e n O s czl m a n t
’
-
.

e n t h u si a s m ( p os se s sion b y a god ; ra p t u re ) e n O eu u z i
’
n .
-

a z am .

e n t h ym em e n ( a rgu m e n t b a s e d on p r ob a b ilit y ; s y llogis m in

.

w h ich on e p r e m is is su pp re s t ) e n O i -m im
'
.

en t ir et y n com p le t e n e ss ; w h ol e
. [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e c n
t ie r ty ] e n t e i e -t i
'
( o f t e n ) , e n t e i s e -
ti
’
.

e n t i t a t i v e a dj of m e r e e xi s t e n ce ; r e a l [ a l s o s p e l t e n t i ta t iv ]
.

' '
e n t i -t e t i v , e nt i t a- t i v .

t o m o l o gy n ( s ci e n ce of in s e ct s ) e n t a m ol a- d 3 i
'
en . .

e n t ou r a g e n ( su rr ou n d in gs ; e n v i ron m e n t ; a t t e n da n t s of a
.

s u p e r ior ) ont u z a z3
’
.

e n t o z o on n i n t e r n al pa ra s it e ; e nt oz oa n [ a l s o s pe lt e n t oz o
.

on ; p lu r al e n t oz oa l e n t a z oo- a n
’
.

’
e n t r a ct e n ( in t e rv al b e t w e e n t w o a ct s of a pl ay ) on t gw k t
’
. .

en t r ai l n ( in t e r n a l orga n ; b ow e l ; in t e s t in ; gu t ) e n t ge l
'
-
. .

( a c omi ng or goi n g i n ; d oor , e t c ) e n t ga n s

’
e n t r a n ce n . . .

( h i -l ik e
’
en t r a n ce v t r o w n t.o a t r a n ce st at e ) e n t ra zn s , e u
' ’
t ra zn s , e n t ij a
e zn s .

c: law fu r,
, a: as c a t , o h ot
b oy ; a : f or , 00 n ow , a : a sk, or k i t e
, or
°

l e n gt h -m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g
-mark f
s t r ess i n d i ca t e s chi e st re s s on th e fel low m g sylla b l e .
18 4 DI CTI O N ARY O F H A RD WORD S
en t r an t n. ( one w ho or t ha t w hich e n t ers ; b e ginn e r ) ’
en

t gant .

e n t r ee n a ct i on of e n t e ri n g a d mi ss ion mad e dish ser vd be

'

.
; ;
e n t r é ] on t ge e , on -tx
' ’
tw e e n c ou r s e s [ a ls o s p e lt e .

t r e m e t s n pl ( s id e - d is he s , e t c ) ont ga m e e
'
en . . . .

e n t ge n S s a m e m e a n i ng as i n t re n ch
'
e n t re a t s
'
e n t r e n ch v , . . .

( b e t w e e n ou rsel v e s) e ntre n an
’
e n t r e n ou s a d v . .

e n t r e p ot n d
( p e o s it o f g oo d s ;
. s t or e h ou se ; d i st r ib u t i ng -cen

'
te r) ont ga- p o .

en t r e s ol n m e z z an in e s t ory [ syn ony m ous cogna t e cn t er s ol c,

.

in t e r s ol e ] e n t az - s ol , oi j t ga- s ol
’ ’
.

s a m e m e a n i n g a s in tr u s t
’
e n t r u s t v e n t ga s t . . .

[ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e i n t w in e ] e n t w a i n
'
en t w in e v . .

( e xpr e ss d e i n it ly ; p roclai m ; pr on ounce ) i m f

’
e n u n ci a t e v .

i
S , i
’
e t
-
i n A n s -
et .

i -n a n S i e e-S a n , I - n A n SI c c-S
’
e n u n ci a t i on n . an .

e n u r n y a dj ch a r ge d w it h b e a s t s :
. sa id of a b ord ure [ also
s pe lt e n u r n e y ] e n nz n i
'
.

e n v e l op n w ra pp e r ; c ov e r i n g [ a l so s p e lt e n v el o e ]
.
'
enva p
’
l a p , a n v a- l op , e n v e l ap , onv a -l op ; ( r a i dly ) e nv l ap, e t c
’ ’ '
p .

e n v e l op v w r a p ; c ov e r [ a l s o s p e l t e n v e l o e ; p as t par t i c i pl e
. p
a n d p r e t e r i t e n v e l o e d , e n v e l opt ] e n v e l ap
'
p .

e n v i o u s a dj ( u l l o f e n v.
y)
'
e nfv i- as
,
'
e n v j as .

e n v i r on m e n t n ( t h at w h ic h e n v ir on s ; su r rou n di n g condi
.

t io n s c oll e ct iv l y ) e n v a i - z an -m a n t
'
.

e n v i r on s n pl ( o u t s k i r
.t s ; s u.r r ou n d i n g di s t ri ct s ) s u
'
v -
ui conz ,
’
e n v a -z e n z .

e n v oy n .
( m e s s e n ge r )
'
e n -v oi ; ( l e ss p r op erly ) '
e n -v e i .

( p ost script , e n d in g
’
)
'
e n v oy n. e n -v o i , e n v oi .
m e a n i n g a s in w all sa m e
’
en w all v . e n w c zl . .

sa m e m e a n i n g a s in w r a p
’
en w r ap v e n z aep . . .

e n z y m n f e r m e n t ; l e v e n d b re a d [ a l s o s p e l t e n z y m e ] e n z i m
’
. .

- in
'
E oce n e n ( d i v i s i on
. o f h
t e T e rt i a r y) i i -
a s .

E o l i a n a dj of A e olis or A e ol ia ; e ol ic ; a l s o of A e olus , th e
.
,

w i n d god [ a l s o s p e l t A e ol ia n ] i a o-l i a n , i oo- l ia n

’ '
- -
.

E o l i d a o n pl i ol i - d i s a m e m e a n i n g a s E olid i d a e
’
. . . .

E o l i d i d a e n pl f am ily of m ol lu s k s [ a l s o sp e lt A e olidi dac

. .

s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s E ol i d a e A e ol id a e ] i-a l i d i -di

'
, .

e ol i p i l e n r ot a ry s t e a m t oy [ a l s o s p e l t a e olip il e, a e oli p yl e,
.

e o l ipy l e ] i i al i p a i l
'
i ol i - p a i l
’
- -
.
,

e o n n a ge e r a cy cl e ; e t e r n it y [ a l s o sp e lt a e on ] i i -e u
'
. , , i i on ,
-
.

e o n i a n a dj e v e rl ast in g [ a ls o s p e lt a e on ian ] i oo- n i - a n

’
. .

oa n f o a d j c y c li c ; e t e r n al [ a l s o s p e l t a e on ic ] i ou i k
’
. .

j 8 i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t sch ew ;
'

ye .c cu r e : b t h e , t h
w w he n : !] S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u l ou ool , i i t , i i s e c ;
.

f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
186 D I C TI O NA RY OF H ARD W ORD S

ep i g e ou s ad j j ust . a b ov e gr ou n d ; e pige an [ al so s pe l t epi gae

’
ous ] e pi d 3 i i -
as .

e p i g l ot t i s n le a f -like cart ila ge f orming t he lid of t h e gl ot

.

t is [ pl u ra l e p igl ot t id e s ] e p i gl ot I S
’
.

epig r a m n ( s h
. o r t p o e m ; p i t h y sa i
y g)n
’
e p g i - z aem
.

e p i gr a p h y n ( ins crip t i on s col le ctivly s t u dy of e p ig rap h s )

.

i p i gz a - f i
’
.

'
e p i g y n ou s a dj ( o n t h e . t o p o f t h e o v a r y) i p s
i d i -n as .

ep il ep sy n ( f a
. l l i n g
-
s i c k n e s s )
'
e p i -l e si
p .

l
'
i l g ) -d a i z -d a i z
’
e p i l og i z e v ( u se
. e p o s e p i l a 3 , i p i a s .

e p il ogu e n c on clu d in g p a rt of a lit e rary w ork ; a ppe ndi x

.

[ a l s o sp e l t e p i l o g]
'
e p i -l
og .

e p il ogu i z e v ( ob s ole t e ) d e l iv e r a n e pilog ; p u t a n e p ilog t o

.

[ ]
'
a l s o s e l
p t p e il o g u i s c e p i -
l o -
g ni z .

E p i p h a n y n ( f e s t iv a l c om m e m ora t ing t he m a n if e st a t ion of

.

C h r i s t t o t h e G e n t il e s i n t h e p e rs on s of t h e M a gi ) i p i fe -u i
'
.

epiph an y n ( m a n if e 's t a t ion or a ppea ra nce of a divin e or

.

s u p e r n a t u ra l b e in g ) i p i f a - n i .

e p i p h y s i s n a p ort ion of b on e w h ich h as gr ow n f r om a d is

.

t in ct c e n t e r : d i s t i n gu i s h t f r om a p op hy s is [ pl u ra l epip hy s es ]
'
I p i f i - I
S S .

ep ip i f i m
'
l o c e n i
( t n
. e r w e a v n g o c l a u s s; c
e l a x ) p p
i i L a-
Si .

i pa t ) e p s d ; ( l es s pr op
’
ep i s o d e n .
( i n c i d e n t a l n a r r a t v o r r i - o

e p i - z od
'
e r ly ) .

’
e p i s o d i c a dj ( of e p i s od e ; i n cid e n t al ) e p i sod i k
. .

’
e p i st l e n ( l e t t e r ) i p i sal , i p i sl ; ( e rr on e o us ly ) i p i st l
' '
. .

e p i st l e r n l e t t e r-w ri t e r ; on e w h o r e a d s t h e e p ist le in t h e
.

com m u n i on s e rv ic e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s e p is t ol er , e p is
’
t oll e r ] i p i s e az i p i st L ae
’
.
,

e p i s t o l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t e p is t olis e ] i p i s t a-l a i z
’
. .

e p i s t o l i z e r n l e tt e r w r it e r [ a l s o s p e lt e pis t ol is e r ] i p i s t a—l a i
’
-
.

z az .

ep i s t o m a n a pa r t on or in f r on t of t h e m ou t h ; e p ist om e ;
.

e p i s t om [ p l u r a l e pis t om a t a ] i p i s t a-m a
'
.

e p i s t r op h e n ( a f igu r e of sp e e ch in w h ich e ach clau s e e nd s

.

w i t h t h e s a m e w or d ; cy c l ic c o m p os it i on ) i p i s t ga - f i
'
.

e p i s t r op h y n ( r e v e r s i on .t o a n or m a l f o r m ) p tg i i
i
’
i s a -
.

e p it a p h n ( i n s.c r ip t io n on a t om b st o n e )
’
e p i -
t a z f
'
e p i -t a zf
,

e p i - t ze zf
’
.

ep i t h a l a m iu m n n u p t ia l s on g [ pl ur al e p i t h a l a m i u m s, e i
.
p
t h a la m i a ] e p i ea l e e - m i a m
’
-
.

e p i t h el i u m n ( su pe r ficia l lay e r of cell s of m u cou s m e m

.

b r a n e s , e t c ) e p i O i i- l i e m ( a n t er ior ly ) e p i O i i-l ia m
' ’
-
.
, .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 8 t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sch e w ;
,

w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , a u ll , ou ool f f
.

i it , i i se e ; .

o p oe t ic ; c ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o ga t e ;
 DIC TI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 18 7

e p i t om a b r idgm en t su mm a ry m x; ( er r on e ous ly )
’
e n .
( ; ) t p rt o-

’
ep I -
mto .

ep i t o m i z e v [ a ls o s p t
e l e p i t o m i s ]
e .t
’
p I t o-
m e rz .

e p i z o o t i e n a d is e a se t e m p or a r ily p r e v a le n t a m on g a n im a l s ;
.

l
p gu a e a m o n g a n i m a l s [ a l s o s p e l t e p i z oot ic ] e p x-z o
'
ot rk ;
’
( er r on e ou s ly ) e p x z u u - t rk .

ep iz oot y n . e p iz oot i c [ a l s o s p e lt e p iz oo ty ] '

e p r z oo- s - t x.

p oin t of t i m e ; p e r iod e p ok , i- p ok
’
)
’
e p o ch ( e - pok ,
’
n . r .

ly ri c p oe m ; p a r t of a ly r ic od e ) e -p od
’
ep od e n ( a ki n d . of .

e p on y m n ( on e w h o g iv e s h is n a m e t o a
. p e opl e , p la ce , or
i n s t it u t ion ; e p on y m u s ) e pa m m
'
—
.

e p o n y m i c a dj ( of a n e p on y m ) e po n xm xk
’
. .

e p o n y m o u s a dj -m a
'
h
(t t g a i v e s h i s n a
. m. e ) p r o n x s .

( e p ic p oe m ; e pic p oe t r y ) e po p i , e p o p xi
’ ’
e p op ee n .
-
.

( a n e p ic poe m ; a n e p op e e ) e pos
’
e p os n .
—
.

e p s i l on n G k
’
)
’
( r e e . l e t t e r e p s r l o n , e p s o I -
l on -
.

e p u r a l a dj on t h e t a il [ sy n ony m ou s cogn a t e e i u r a l] r p cu
.
'
p
z ol .

E p y or n i s n gi ga n t ic os s il b ir d [ a ls o s p e l t A e y or n is, Epi or
. f p
n is ] ipi ozz - n rs
’

e q u a b l e a dj f
( u n i or m ; t r a n q u il ; e q u a lly p r op ort ion d ) e kw a
.
’

i
’
b , e l t -
k w o -
b al .

e q u al v [ p r e s e n t p a rt rc rpl e e q u a lin g, e q u a l l in g ; p a st pa r t 1
.

c rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t e q u a l e d e q u a ll e d , e q u a l d ] 1 i kw ol
’
-
.
,

e q u ali t y n ( c on d it ion of b e i n g e q u a l , e t c ) i k w ol I t t
’
-
. . .

e q u a l i z a t i on n [ l Sa n
’
a s o s p e l t e q u a l i
. s a t i o n ] i k w o l x z e e -
.

e q u a l iz e v [ a l s o s p. e l t e q u a l i s e ]
’
r i k w o -
l orz , ( o t e n ) ikw o
’
—
f
l oxz .

eq u a l l y a dv
'
i
I k w o l r, ( o
- -
. t e )
n
’
i k w o h -
f .

eq u anim ity n ( e v e n n e ss o f m
. in d o r t e m p e r ; u n ru l e d n e ss ) ff
ik w o n l m I- t t
’
.

( m a ke e q u a l ) r k w e e t
’
eq u at e v . .

e q u a t e a dj ( m i kw et
’
s oo t h .
) x -
.

e q u a t i on n ( a ct i on of m a k in g e q u al ; st a t e m e n t or or mu la
. f
of e q u a l it y ) r k w e e S
’
on , r kw e e son
'
- -
.

e q u a t o r i a l a dj ( f h ) i
’
o t e e q u a t o r. k w a t o z -
z i -
ol .

[ al s o sp e l t e q u e r ry ; p l u ra l e q u e r i e s ] e kw a-z r,
’
e q u e ry n .

’
1 kw e z r .

R om a n k n ight [ pl u ra l e q u i t e s ] 1 i k w iz
’
equ es n .
-
.

e q u e st ri a n n ( f h i d i m d k i
’
o o r s e -
r . n g; o u n t e ) I w e s t g an
-
.

e q u est ri en n e n ( h o r s e w o m a n ; e .m a l e e q u e s t r i a n ) r -
f
k w e s t gi
’
en .

e q u ia n gu l a r ad j .
( h a v in g a ll it s a n gl e s equ al ; ha v in g it s

c: law fur
, a: , se c a t , 0 b oy ; a : f a r , on n ow u : a s k, 8 1 ki t e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d rn g s ou n d rs lon g ;

t r e s s~mor k 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sylla b le .
 188 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WO R D S
a n gle s e q u al r e sp e ct iv ly t o t he a n gl e s of a n ot h e r figu r e )
ik w i ae ngj u- l az
'
.

e q u i f or m a dj ( i d e n t i c a l i
. n f o r m ; s h a p e d a l i k e )
’
x i-
kw r
f ozz m .

e q u i l i b r a n t n ( syst e m of f orce s w h ich w ou ld eq u ilib ra t e a h

.

' '
ot h e r sy s t e m ) r k w rl r-b z on t , ik w l l a x-bz on t .

( i
’
e q u il ib r a t e v b a l an c e ) k .w r l a r -
bz et .

'
ik w rl r b z e e S on , ik w r-l a r b z e e - S
'
e q u i l i b r a t i on n -
. an .

’
eq u il ib r i st n ( p
r o e -
w a l k e
. r ; ac r o b a t ) x k w r l r—
b z xst , ikun l e r
’

'
b z rs t ( r a r e ly ) ikw l l t b z rs t
,
.

eq u ili b riu m n ik i om
’
( b a l a n c e ) w .r l x b z -
.

'
e q u il ib ri z e v [ a l s o s p e l t . e q u i l i b r i s e ] r k w x l x -
be e t z .

e q u i n e a dj ( f h i ) i kw orn
’
o a h o
. r s e ; o r s e -
l k e I -
.

( of t h e e q u in ox ) ikw r n ok Sal e kw I n ok Sal

'
a dj
’
e q u i n oct i a l .
, .

( t h e p oin t or t h e t im e a t w h ich t h e su n s p at h
’
e q u i n ox n .

e kw I-n ok s
'
xi- k w r n ok s , ik w r- n ok s ,
’ '
cr oss e s t h e e q u a t or ) -
.

eq u i p a g e n ( e q u ip m e n t ; a pp u rt e n a n ce s ; h or s e a nd ca r
.

r ia ge )
’
e k w I - p t d s ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) I k w l p rd s
’
.

e q u i p oi s e n (p e r f e c t .b a l a n ce ; c o u n t e r p o i s e )
'
e ku u - o rz
p ,
'
'
xi- k w I - p orz ikw I - p e t z , .

e q u i p ol l e n t a dj ( e q u a l in p ow e r ; id e n t ical in e ffe ct ) e kw r
.

i
’
'
p o l o n t k w r ,p o l s n t .

eq u i t ab l e a d j ( f a i r ; j u s t ).
'
e k t o -
b o l ; ( i m p r op e rly ) r kunt a ’

b el .

k
’
eq u it es n ( p l u r a .l o f e q u e s ) e w r -
t i z .

m k
’
e q u i v a l e n t a dj ( q
e u a l i n v a l
. u e ; t a n t a o u n t ) r w rv o -
l an t .

e q u i v ok e n p u n ; w or d p la y ; a m b igu it y [ a l s o s p e lt e q u i
-
.

t i- k w r- v ok
'
v oq u e ] e k w r v ok
'
—
.
,

e r a n p e r i od a ge ; d at e [ a l s o spe l t a e r a ; p l u r a l er a s ]
’
.
, xz-z a ;
'
( d i a l e c t a l l y) I i -
za .

e r a s a b l e a dj t h a t can b e e r ase d [ al s o sp e lt e r as i b le ] r e ce
’
.

s o -
b al .

[ a l s o s om e t im e s, sp e lt e r as e d ] t z e e st r z e e z d
' ’
e r a s e d a dj . , , .

( )
’
e r a s i on n e r a s u . re I z e e -
son .

E r a s m i a n a dj ( of Era s m u s ) r z aez m i- on r e aes mi-on

' ’
.
.
,
'
g) j Soz
’
i f i
’
er a su r e n ( a c t o n . o e r as n I z e e -
s az r z e e -z
o z r e c e -
, , .

e r e a dv p r e p con j ( b e f ore ) e zz
.
,
.
, . .

e r e ct e r n on e w h o or t h a t w h ich e r e ct s [ a l s o sp e l t e r e c t or ]
.

I z e k t oz
'
.

e r e c t il e a dj c a p a b l e of b e i n g e re ct e d or s e t u p r ig h t [ a lso
.

’ ’
s pe lt e r e c t i l ] I z e k t rl ( r ar e ly ) I e e k t a t l -
.
,

e r e c t or n a m u sc . l e w h i c h e r e ct s ; e r e c t i n g gl a ss [ pl u r al e r e ct
-

]
’
or s . e re c l or e s I z e k t oz .

i c
ve , cu t e : 6 t h e 0 t h i n : 3 a z u r e , d ; j oy : l s h oe , t Sc h e w ;.

f f
.

w w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r l r e a ct 0 u ll ou ool I i t , xi s e e ; , , . ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
190 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
( s hi e l d w it h a rm ori al b e a ri n gs ) e skA t San ,
'
e s cu t ch e on n .

( r a idpl y ) I
'
S k At S an .

a l k a l oid [ al s o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt e s er in ] e so-z m ,
'

’
e ser in e n .

e sa -z a m
’
.

es k e r n .
p os t - l a cial
g gr a v e l -ri d
ge [a ls o spe lt es kar, e s car ]
'
e s k az .

E s k i m o n on e of a n arct ic r ace [ al s o s pe lt Es q u im au ; pl az
.

a l E s k i m os E s k im o Es q u i m a ux ] e sk r-m o
'
, .
,

e s n e c y n i n h e r it a n ce - r ight of f ir st -b orn d aught e r [ a ls o spe lt

.

a e sn e cy ] e sm -s r
’
.

e s o p h a g e a l a dj of t h e e SO ph a gu s [ al s o sp e lt oes op h age a l]
.

i i
’
s o f a
e d s ol
-
.

e s o p h a g u s n gu l l e t [ al s o s pe l t oe s op h a g u s ] { s ofa -gas
. .

e s o t e r i c a dj ( in n e r ; f or t h e s e l e ct f e w ; s e cre t ; pro fou n d )

.

e s o t e z rk
’
.

( t re llis w ork ; l a t t ice ) e s pael ioz

'
e sp a l i e r n . .

( s pe c ia l ; p r e e m in e n t ) e s p e Sal ( r a p id ly ) 1 spe
’
e s p e c i a l a dj
’
. ,

Sol .

e sp i a l n ( a c t.i o n o f e s i
py g ;n f a c t o f b e i n g e s p i e d ) e
’
s p a i -e l
,

( r a p id ly ) I Sp a i ol
’
-
.

e s p i on a g e n s py i n g ; e m pl oy in g s pie s [ a l s o sp e lt e spi on na ge ]
.

e s pi o n t d s e s p i a n o zs
' ’
e s pi a n a zs
’
- - - - -
.
, ,

e sp l a n a d e n ( le v e l s p a ce ) e s p e a n e e d
’
. .

e sp r i t n ( sp ir it w it a pt it u d e ) e s ps ri
’
. .
, .

e s q u a m a t e a dj i -m e t
'
( n o t s q u a m a t e ; w i t h
. o u t sc a l e s ) s kw e e .

E s q u i m a u n [ pl u ra l E s q u i m a u x ] e s k r- m o s a m e m e a n i n g as
'
. .

E s ki m o .

E s q u i m a u x n ( p l u r a l of E s q u i m a u ) e s k r m o ’
-
. .

esq u ir e n ( g e n t l e m
. a n o f r a n k ) e
'
s k w o rz ( ra p i d ly ) r
’
s k w a rz , ,

( a n t e r i or ly e s p e ci a l ly a s a t it le ) skw a rz ; ( a ls o, v u lg ar ly)
,
’
e - sk w o rz .

ess n l e t t e r [ a l s o s pe l t e s S ; p l u r a l e s s c s ] e s
.
,
.

e ss a y n t r i al ; t e s t ; a t t e m pt ; d i ss e rt a t ion [ pl u ra l e ss ays ]
.

'
e - se .

’
( t ry ; t e s t ; u n d e rt ake
'
e ssa y v. ) e - se , e se e .

e ssa y i st ( n . it
on e w
e r ) e se -
t st ho e ssa ys : e ssa y -
w r
'
-
.

( e n t it y ; s u b s t a n ce ; e xt r a ct ) os on s
’
e ss e n ce n . .

E s s e n e n ( on e of a J e w i sh s e ct i n Pa l e st in e i n t h e s e con d
.

c e n t u r y b e f or e C h r i s t ) e s rin
’
.

e s s e n t i a l a dj ( t h a t i s s u c h b y e s s e n ce ; . n e c e s s a r y ; of t h e na

t u r e of a n e xt ra ct ) e s e n S ol e s e n t S
’ ’
ol , .

e s soi n n e xcu se f or n on a p p e a r a n ce [ a ls o s p e lt es s oign ]

.
-

I
e s o rn .

i ve . c cu r e : a t he . 9 t hin : 3 az u re , d z j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w he n : n S ng ; i 11 w h oe v e r i r e a ct 0 , , fu ll on
, f ool , r i t , u se e ;
o

0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b ed , so gat e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S l9 l

est a i e t
'
n . m ou nt e d cou ri e r [ a ls o s p e lt f
es t a e t t e ] e st a
’
fe t .

est a t e n. ( st a t e ; con di t ion ; st a t u s ; ra n k ; i n t e r e st ; c la s s ;

pr op e rt y )
'
e st e et , ( ra p id ly ) ’
1 st e e t ; ( v u lga r ly )
'
e - st e t .

es t h e t e n. on e b e au t y ; pe rs on of a r t ist ic
w ho a pp r ecia t e s
'
] e G x t, i
’
l l
s e n s e [ a s o sp e t a e s h t e t e s -
xi s G xit
-
.

e s t h e t i c ad j of appr e cia t i on of b e au t y ; t as t e fu l [ a ls o s pe lt
.

a e s t h e t ic ] e s O e t t k, ( r a p idly ) ’ 1 s O e t 1 k ;’ ( a ls o, in B r it a in )
' ’

xi s O e t rk, ( a n d, l e ss o t en ) e s O ri-t rk , xi s exi-t xk

’
. f .

e s t i v a l a dj of s u mm er [ a l s o s pe l t a es t iv al ]
’ '
. e s t r- v al , e s t a r
'
v al , i s t a r-v al .

m m [ l ]
’
e st iva t e v p a s s t h e s u . e r a l s o s p e t a e s t iv a t e e s t x -v e t
,

xi- s t r- v e t
’
.

[ ] S , i
’ ’
e s t i v a t i on n a l s o s p e l t a e s t i
.v a t i o n e s t r v e e -
o n r —
st r v e e

Sa n .

( t id al r iv e r -m ou t h
'
est u ar y n. inl e t , cr e e k , or ) S
e st u — e z r,
'
e s t en - o- z r .

'
( l ) i
’
et a n G
. r e e k e t t e r r t o, e e -
ta -
.

e t a ci s m n ( t h e Era s mi a n pr on u n cia t ion of Gre e k e t a a s s o

.

i n s t e a d of xi ) s e -t o- s rz a m
'
.

et a g er e n ( pi e ce of f u rn it u re w it h s h el v e s ) e t a se zz
’
. .

et c e t e r a p hr as e, n a n d t h e r e st ; a n d s o f or t h ; a n d s o on
.

[ a l s o s pe l t e t ca e te r a, e t c e t e r a ; pl u r a l , w h e n u s e d a s a n ou n ,
e tc e t e r as ] e t s e t o-z o, ( r a p i d ly ) I t s e t go
’ '
.

e t ch v e n gr a v e b y c orr od in g [ p a s t p a rt rcrple a n d
. p r e t e r rt
e tch e d, e t ch t ] et S .

e t e rn i z e v m ak e e t e r n a l ; p e r pe t u a t e ; i mm ort al i z e [ a l s o sp e l t
.

e t e r n is e ] 1 t na n a rz , xi-t oz - n e rz
' ’
- .

et h en e n h d ) i i O in
’ '
( y r o
. ca r b o n e -
O n r -
, .

et h er n s ky ; a i r ; sp a t ia l m e diu m ; v ola t il l iq u id [ a l s o sp e l t
.

n e t h er ] xi O oz
'
-
.

e t h e r e a l a dj o f e t h e r ; a i ry ; c e l e st ia l [ a l s o s p e l t e t h er ia l a n d ,
.

f or m e rly a e t h er e al ] r O rz-a i-ol

,
'
.

e t h e r e a l i s e v [ a l s o s p e lt e t h e r i a l is e a n d , f or m e rly , a e t h e r e a
.

l iz e a e t h er e a l is e, a e t h e r i a l iz e a e t h e r i a lis e ] r O rz z i o l a rz
’
- - -
.
, ,

e t h e r e a n a dj e t h e r e a l [ a l s o s pe l t e t h e r ia n, a e t h e r e a n , a e t h e
.

r ia n ] l O rz- z i-ou
’
.

e t h e r e n e n e t h y l e n e [ a ls o s p e l t e t h e r i n e ] xi -O a-z i n
'
. .

e t h e r e o u s a dj [ l ] -a i- o
'
a l s o s p e t e .t h e r i o u s r O rz s .

e t h e r i s a t i on n [ a ls o s pe lt e t h e r is a t ion , a e t h e r is a t ion ] ri
.

’
O oz r z e e - S on , t i-O a -z a t z e e - S
’
on .

ethide n [ O a rd
'
a l s o. s o m e t i m e s s p e, l t e t h i d ]
’
e O rd ,
'
e -O ord
, , ri -
.

et hin e n [ l m i m ] i
’ '
e O O rn ,
’
a s o
. s o e t e s s p ,e l t e t h i n u , e
,
- e rn , x -

’
xi O a i n , e - O in , t i-l O in
’ '
-
.

c: law , fu r a: , a cat , 9 b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u: a sk , a t k it e ;
h ot , or
le n gt h - m a r k I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d xn s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie s t r e s s on t h e f
ollow xn g sy lla b l e .
 192 DICTIO NARY O F HARD WORD S
E t h i o p i c a dj ( of Et h iopia ; Et hiopia n ) t i- Oi op rk
’
. .

e t h n og r a p h y n ( d e s cri pt ion of t h e race s of ma nkin d ) e O

.

’
n e gao-f r .

ra d ica l [ a l s o, f or m e rly s p e lt e t hy l e ]
'
e t h yl n . e O rl , .

'
e t i ol a t e v ( r e n
. d e r p a l e ; b l a n c h ) r i -t i -o-l e t .

e t i ol o g y n st u d y
. o f c a u s e s [ a l s o s p e l t a e t i o l o gy ] l i -
t i o l e -
d v,
’
i
e t ol a d sr -
.

( pol it e b e ha v ior , e t c ) e t r k e t , e t r k e t
' ’
eti q u et t e n .
- . .

E t n e a n a dj of M ou n t Et n a [ a ls o spe l t A e tn e an ] e t n ri-an
’
. .

’
é t u d e n ( s t u d y l e ss on ) e t cu u d
. , .

é t u i n s m a ll ca s e [ a ls o sp e lt e tw e e ] e tw ri
'
. .

ety m ol g y
o n ( w o r d -
s t
. u d y ; w o r d -h
i s t o r y) e t r
’
m e l o -d r
s .

( t re e ; s h ru b ) j u k o l rpt os
’
e u ca l yp t u s n . .

e u ch a r i s t n ( c o m m u. n i o n ; t h a n k s g i v i n g) j o u -
k a -
z rst .

ca r d -ga m e [ a ls o f or m e r l y , s pe l t e u cr e ] j -k
’
e u ch r e n .
, u u ez .

E u c l i d e a n a d j of t h e G re e k m at h e m a t icia n Eu cl id [ als o,
.

s pe lt E u cl id i a n ] j u k u di - ou j d i
’
k
’
s om e t i m e s , u u r - u
e , .

E u c l i d e a n a dj of Eu cl id or Eu kl e id e s A rch on Epon ym os of
.
,

A t h e n s [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e E u kl e id e a n ] j u k u d i-an
’
.

e u d e m on i s m n d oct ri n of h a pp in e s s [ al so spe lt en dom o

.

n is m ] j u d ri- m a- n rz a m
’
.

e u h em e r i sm n d oc t r in t h a t t h e G re e k god s w e re de i fi e d
.

h e r oe s [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e e u e m e r is m ] j o h ri- m o-z rz a m

'
.

h i ) j d i
’
e u l o g i a n ( e.u c a r s t e t c u l a o -
3 o
-
, . .

e u l og i u m n e u l ogy [ pl u r a l e u l og iu m s ] j u l a o d 3 i - e m
'
-
. .

[ ] j dse rz
'
l
e u og i z e v e x t.o l p ra i s e a l s o s p ,e l t e u l o g is e u u l o - -
.

i ) j d3 r
’
-l
e u l o gy n (.c o m m e n d a t o r y s p e e c h ; p r a s e u u o -
.

eu n u c h n ( c.as t ra t e d p e r s o n o f t h e m a l e s e x ; h are m -a
tt e n
) j n ok
'
da n t ; s i n g e r u u -
.

eu p h e m i s m n ( f a i r s p e e .c h ; p l eas a n t e x p r es s i o n ) j
’
o u -f r

m rz om .

( s ou n d i n g w e l l ; of e u ph on y ) j o f e n rk
'
e u p h on i c a dj . .

e u p h on y n ( ple a s a n t n e s s of s ou n d ; e a se of p r on u n ciat i on )
.

j fo u r
'
-
u u -
.

( y i ) j
’
e u p h r a sy n e e b r .
g h t a p l a n t u u f s o,
-
sr -
.

c r ow f oot d e a d e y e [ a l s o s p e l t u p h r oe ] j -i s
’
e u p h r oe n . u u o .

e u p h u i sm n hi
( g h f l o. w n l a n g u a g ) j
e
’
u u -
f i u r am
- z
.

( l ik e e u p h u is m ; h igh fl ow n ) j u f iu rs t rk
’
e u p h u i s t i c a dj . .

oil y l iq u id [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e l t e u p i on ] j o p ai
'
e u p i on e n .
, ,
’
j p i i j i
’ '
j i j p
’
on , u u -
p -
o n u r -
o n ,u e -
o u u u -
p ou
,
-
, .

E u r a s i a n a d j ( of Eu ras i a or Eu r ope a n d A sia t a ke n t o

.
,

h ) j Sa n j u z e e 3 a n
’ ’
g e t e r u e c e -
,
-
.

e u r e k a in t e r j ( I h a v e . f o u n d i t ! ) j u
’
z r i -
ka .

i ve . c cu r e : b t h e . 0t hi n ; 3 d 5 j oy ; Ss hoe t Sc h e w ;
a z u re , ,

h oe v e r 0 f u l l ou f ool
.

w w he n ; n sw y ; u w , 1 r e a ct , r i t , ri s e e ;
, ,

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t 0: d oor s o n o e b ed , e e gat e ;

, , ,
 19 4 DICTIONA R Y O F H ARD WORD S
e vi l l y ( ia dv
n a n e v il .m a n n e r ) ri -v el -l r
’
.

e v i l -m i n d e d a dj ri v al m e m d rd , ri-v al - m e rn -d t d
’ ’
- —
. .

ri v al n rs ,
’
ri-v rl -n rs
'
ev i l n e ss n - - . .

e v i n c i b l e a dj t h at m a y b e e vi n ce d ; d e m on st ra b l e [ al s o, for
.

'
m e rly sp e lt ev in c e a b l e ] t v t n so-b al
,
.

( r e m ov e t h e v isce ra f rom ; d is e mb ow e l ) r v r
'
ev i s ce r a t e v .

s e -z e t .

e v ol u t i on n ( u n r ol l in g ; u n ol d in g ; d e v e l opm e n t ) e v a l iuu
. f ’

S
’
Son ; ( d a ec a ly ) e
i l t l v o l u u - an .

e v ol v e v u n ol d ;. f
ope n ou t ; e xt ract ; de v e l op [ also s pe l t
e v olv ; p e s t pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t ev olv e d , ev olv d] 1 v ol v
’
.

ew e n . f
( e m a l e s he e p ) j u’n .

ew er n (w . a t e r -
i
p t c h e r ) j u u -
az .

’
e x a ce r b a t e v ( e m b it t e r ; a. gg r a v a t e ; p r o v o k e ) g e z z ss e b t.
- e

e k szr s oz b e t
’
—
.

e xa ct v a dj .. eg za
’
e kt ; ( l e ss
. r o e r ly ) e k sz k t
’
p p .

e x a ct e r n on e w h o e n or ce s or e x a ct s p ay ; e xt ort ion e r [ als o

. f
s p e l t e x a c t or ] e g z ze k t ar
’
.

e x a ct or n ( o n e w
. h o e x ac t s , t a x -
c ol l e ct or , e xt ort ioner ; exec
'
t e r ) e g z ze kt az .

exa g g e r a t e v ( m a g n i y; s t r e
. t c h o v e r c o l o r f
) g e
'
z z dse e et
-
, .

’
e xal t v ( ra is e h ig h : e l e v at e : e xt ol ) e g z czl t
. .

e g z cl t e e - S
’
e x a l t a t i on n an . .

e xa m en i i -m an
’
n ( e x a m i
. n a t i o n ; i n v e s t g a t o n ) e g z e e .

e x a m i n a t i on n e g z ze m r n e e S
’
an .
- -
.

e xa m i n e v t e st in v e s t iga t e q u e st ion [ al s o s pe lt ex a min ;

. , ,

p e s t pa r t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t e x a m in e d a r a m i n d ] e g zz m xn
’
. .

e xa m p l e n ( t y pical in st a n ce ; s pe c im e n : w a r n i n g) e g z azm
’
.

' '
p a l ,e g z a z m -
pol e g z ze m p ol , .

e xa n t h e m a n s kin - a . ff
e ct i on ; e x a n t h e m [ pl u r a l e xa n t h em a

ta ] e ksa n O t i m o
’
-
.

( ru l e r of a d ist an t p rov in ce ; p r e l a t e , l e gat o) e ks

'
e x a r ch n .

a zr k e k s a ze k
’
-
.
,

e x a r ch a t e n ( o i c e o r .
p r o v i n c e ffo f a n e x a r c h )
’
e k ec e -
ket ,
’
e k s a zz k e t
’
e g z a zr k e t -
,
-
.

e x a r i l l a t e a dj ( h av i n g n o a r il
.
) e k s
’
r z r -
l e t ; ( l ess r o er ly ) p p
e k s o r rl e t
’
.

e xa sp e r a t e v ( e m b it t e r ; i n t
. e n s i y; e n r a g )
e e g
’
z o z-
s p z et ,
a - f
’
e g z ze s p o- r e t .

i e g z ms p o z e e - i on
’ ’
e xa s p e r a t i on n . eg -z
a z- s po z e e
-
an . - '
.

e k s ka r m f r k et
' '
e xca r n i f i ca t e v . ( ob s ol e t e ) e ks k a zr -
n rf r ke t
-
.
-
.

e xc e e d v .
p r oc e e d b e y on d : b e gr e at e r t ha n , s u r p ass ou t d o ,

e k s ri d .
’
[ al s o sp e lt e xce d e ]

j ve . c cu r e : b t he . 0t hi n : d z j oy : ( s h oe t Sc h e w ;
3 a z u re , ,

f f
.

to w he nn s in g : u
: w h oe v e r 1 r e a ct 0 ull
, on ool I it t i see ; . . . ,

0 p oe tic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t 0: d oor s o n o e b e d s o g at e ;
, , , . ,
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S | 95

exce l v. su rp a s s [ p r e s e n t pa r t rc rpl e exc e ll in g ;

ot h e r s ; ou t d o
’

p as t p a r t rc rpl e a n d pr e t e r 1 t e xce ll e d e x c e l d ] e k s e l ,
.

'
e x c e l l e n t a dj ( t h a t e x c e l s ; e x t r e m .e l y g o od ) e k sa l a n t -
.

e x c e l s i or a dj h
( g i h e r l o f t i e r ) e k s
. e l s i o z e k s e l s i oz ,
'
-
,
’
-
.

m i l i
’
ex cel si n or (s h r e dd e d w
.
-
o o d p ac ki n g
-
a t e r a l ) e k s e s -a
z,
'
e k s e l s i- oz , e k s e l s i oz
’
-
.

e x ce p t v ( l e a v e . o u t ; e x c l u d e ; o b j e c t ) e k
'
s e p t , ( r a i d ly, p
f
o t e n ) I k s e pt , k s e p s e p
'
, .

e x ce p t e r n ( ob s ol e t e ) on e w h o e xce pt s or t a ke s e xce pt i on
.

t o [ a l s o s p e lt e x c e t or ] e k s e p t oz
’
p .

e x ce p t or n ob s ol e t e ( a n e . x c e pt e r ; a l s o, s h o r t h a n d -
w ri t e r ;

f
R o m a n o f ice r ) e k s e p t a z , e k s e p t oz
’ ’
.

’
( t act ; s e l ct o ) e i k k
’
e x ce p t n
r e x r . e n s s zz p t e -
s oz p t , .

’ ’
e x ce r p t v ( cu l l ou t ; e t act ; q u ot e ) e
. x r k s oz p ,
z t e k -
s s z pt .

e x ce s s n ( ou t r a ge ; i n t e m p e r a n ce ; p r e p on d e ra nce ; su rplu s )
.

e k se s , ( s o m e t i m e s , a s s u m pt iv ly )
' ’
e k- s e s .

’
e x ch a n g e n ( i n t e rc h a n ge ; b a r t e r , e t c ) e ks t S
. e e nd3 , e kS .

tS e ks- t S e n d3 , e kS tS e nd 3
’
e e n d 3 ; ( v u lga r ly )
’ '
-
.

e x c h a n g e a b l e a dj e ks t S
’
e e n d 3 o- b ol .
-
.

e x ch e q u e r n ( d e p a r t m e n .t a n d c o u r t o f r e v e n ue s ; i n a n c e s) f
e ks t S
'
e k oz .

d u t i a b l e [ a l s o s p e l t e x cis e a b l e ] e k s e r z a - b ol
’
e x c i s a b l e a dj .
-
.

b al
’
e x c i s a b l e adj ( f i t t o b e e x c
. i s e d o r e x p u n g e d ) e k s a r -
z a - .

e x ci s e n ( t oll , t a x , d u t y ) e k s e rz ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) e k s a rs , e k
.
’ ’ '
p p
’
s a rz e k s ors
,
-
.

( cu t ou t , e x pu n ge ) e k s e t z
'
e x ci s e v . .

e xci se m a n n [p m ] m an
’
l u ra l e x c is e
. e n e k s e r z -
.

’
e x c i t a n t a dj i i m l i g) k
’

( t h a t e x c t e.s ; s t u a t n o k s e t -
t n t , e s r t t
- n
.

’
e k s or t e e S on , e k s r t e e - S
’
e x ci t a t i on n .
-
an -
.

]
’
e x c i t a t i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t e x c i.t a t i v e k s a I -
t o -
t rv .

e x cl a m a t i on m i m S
’
11 ( a c t o f e x c l a i n.
g e t c ) e k s k e a e e - an
, . .

e x cl a m a t or y a dj ( t h a t e x cl a i m s ; n oi sy , e t c ) e k sk u e m a
’
. .

’
t oz r e k s k w em ot o z r, e k s k u e m a t gt
’
- -
.
,

[ a ls o s pe lt e x cl u s iv ] e k s k e uu s rv , e k s kw u
’ '
e x c l u s i v e a dj .
-

z rv .

e x cr e m e n ( t n ;. e k s ks r-m n
e x cr e t e d
a t s u b s t a n ce f e ce s ) '
.

( ou t gr ow t h ; su pe r flu i t y ) e k s ks e san s
’
e x cr e s c e n c e n .
.

e x cr e t a ] a dj ( m l )
’
k k i k
’
e x c r e e n t a e s. s r -
t i , e -
s ks it l .

e x cr e t e v ( s ift ou t ; t h r ow off ; e l i m i n a t e ) e k s ks rit

’
.
.

e x cr e t i n [a l s o s pe l t e x cr e t in e ] e k s ks ri t rn , e k s ks r-t m ,
' ’
n .
-

e k s k s it m
’
—
.

e x c r e t i v e a dj [ a l s o sp e lt e x cr e t iv ] e k s ks ri- t rv , e k sks r-t rv ,

’ ’
.

’
( r a r e ly ) e k -
s k s it xv .

c: law fur , a: , ac c ot , e h ot , o x b oy ; a r f or , ou n ow
ki t e ; , 8 : a sk, a t
l e n gt h m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e
p r e ce d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e ss ma rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h ie f s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn
g syll a b le .
196 DI CTI O NA RY O F HA RD WORD S
j
'
e ksks t oz r, e k sks ri-t e -z r
'
e x c r e t or y ad . r- .

m e n t a lly ) e k s ks ou - S
( t ort u r e i-e t
’
e x c r u ci a te v . .

e x cu l p a t e v ( f r e e f r o m b
. l a m e ) e k
'
s k A l -
e
p , t
’
e k s ka l -
pe t .

e x cu r si on n ( a ru n n in g ou t ; e xp ed it ion ; d e via ti on ) e k sksz

’
.

S , k k S ,
’ ’
o n e s o zz -
o n e k s k e zz - an
3 .

e x c u s a b l e a dj e k s k cu u - z o-b al
'
. .

( ap ol ogiz e f or ; j u s t i fy ; pa rdon ) e k skcou z

'
e x cu s e v . .

e x e cu t e v ( ca rr y o
. u t ; p e r f o r m ; p u t t o d ea t h )
'
e k s r -
kcu t .

e x e cu t e r n on e w h o p e r f or m s or ca r ri e s in t o e ff e ct ; a d oe r
.

[ ] k kcu t oz
’
a l s o s p e l t e x e c u t o r e s r -
.

e k s r k cu u - S
’
e x e c u t i on n on . .

e x e c u t i v e a dj [ ] g
’
a l s o s p e l t e x ec u t
. iv e z e k c t rv , ( an t er ior ly )
u -

e g z e k cu t rv .
'

e x e cu t o r n r a re ly , a n e xe cu t e r or d oor ; us u ally, a pe rson

.

a pp oi n t e d t o e xe cu t e a w ill ) e g z e k cu -t az , e k s e k co-t az
’ ’
.

e x e cu t r i x n . f
e m a l e e x e cu t or [ p l u ra l e x e cu t r ic es ] e g z e kco
’

t al k s .

e x e d e n t a dj ( e a t in g o u t. ; c o n su m i n g)
’
e k s r -
dut .

e xe d r a n p or t ic o ; ou t d oor p la t orm w it h st e ps [ al so spe l t

. f
e x h e d r a ; p l u ra l e x e d r a e ]
’ '
e k s r- d ro, e k s ri-d ra .

e xe g e si s n ( e xpla n at ion , in t e rp re t a t ion , e spe cially of Scrip

.

’
t u r e ) e ks r d 3 1 i - s rs .

i -d i
)
'
e xe g e t e n ( p
e x o u .n d e r ,
n t e r p re t e r e k s r 3 t .

e x e g e t i c a dj ( of e xe ge s is ) e ks r d 3 e t rk
'
. .

e xe m p l a r n ( e xa m p le , m od e l t p e ) e g z e m p e oz
.
’
, y .

e x e m p l a r y a dj ( p
t i ca l ; m o d e l ) g
. e
’
z y
e m p L o-
e x, ( an t erior ly )

m m
’ ’
(
'
e g z e m p e oz r ; a ls o ) e k s o -
p e e z r , e g
-
z e p L a -z r

e xe m p l i f y v ( s e r v e a s a n
. e x a m p l e o f ) g e
’
z e m e -f r
n .

e x e m p t a dj . f
( r e e , cle a r , dis pe n st ) e g z e m pt
’
.

e x e m p t i on n ( re e i n g ; re e d om ) e g z e m p Son
. f ’
f .

e xe q u a t u r n ( re cogn it i on or aut h or iz a t ion of an a ge n t )

.

’
e k s r k w e e - t oz .

e x e q u y n I n t he pl u ra l ,
. f
u n e r a l r igh t s , ob s e q u i e s ; i n t h e s rn

g u l a r u ,n e raf l h y m n [p l u r a l e x e q u i es ]
’
e k s I -k
w r .

e x e r c i s a b l e a dj [ a l s o s p e lt ex e rcis e a b l e a n d , orm e rly , ex

. f
e r ci s i b l e ] k o b ol
'
- -z -
e s a z s a t .

e x e r ci s e v (p u t i n . a c t i o n ; e m p l o e t c )
'
e k s o z -
s orz y , . .

exer gu e n ( s m a l l s p ace or in s cr ipt ion ou t sid e t he m ain w ork

.

on a c oi n or m e d a l ) e g z a zz g
’
e k - s nz g
’
.
,

exer t v . f
( pu t ort h b r in g in t o ac t ion ) e g z ozz t ,
'
.

e x e r t i on n ( ac t ion of e xe rt in g or e xe rcis in g ; e ort ) e g

. ff
$
' ’
z oz on , e g z ozz - S
an .

( t h e y go ou t )
’
exeu n t v . e k si - A n t .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; .

11) w h e n ; r) s w y ; u w h oe v e r i r e a ct 0 u l l , on ool I i t , l l s e e ; , , f f .

0 poe t 1c ; a ov er , e ae ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;

l 9o DICTIO N AR Y or H ARD WORD S
' ’
e xi s t e n c e ( b e in g e t c ) e g z rst n s e g z rst an s
n. , .
, .

a dj ( of e xis t e n ce ) e ks r st e n t Sol e gz x st e nt Sel

’ '
e xi s t e n t i a l . ,
’ ’
( in B r i ta in ) e ks r st e n Sal e gz r st e n Sal , .

e xi s t i b l e a dj ( i -b al
’
t h a t ca n e x s t ) g
e. z r s t o .

( a g oin g ou t ) e ks rt ; ( im p r op er ly ) e gz rt
' ’
e xi t n . .

e xi t i a l a dj ob s ol e t e ( fa t a l ; d a n ge r ou s ) e g e al
’
. .

ex li b r is n . f rom t h e b ooks of [also spe lt ex-l ib ris ] e ks

’
le r
be t s .

e x og a m ( m arr ia ge e ks oga-m x, e k s oga

’ ’
y n . ou t sid e t h e cla n )
mt .

e xog e n n .
( pl a n t w h ose st e m gr ow s on t h e out sid e , i n s ucces
s iv c on ce n t r ic lay e r s )
’
e k so-d 3 1 n .

e x o g e n ou s j ( gr ow in g on t h e ou t s id e ; h av in g t he natu re
ad .

of a n e x oge n ) e k s od 3 r n os e k s od sr-n os
’ ’
-
.
,

e x om i s n ( t u n ic chit on ) ok soo m rs
’
-
. , .

( re lie v e ; fr e e f rom b la m e ; e xcu lpa t e ) e g z e ns

’
e x on e r a t e v .

s et .

’
e x on e r a t o r n ( on e w h o e xon e r at e s) e g z on a- ae t s a
. .

e x on e r e t u r n [ I n l a w , a n or d e r d is ch a rgi n g t h e h ail rom

. f
y
l ia b il it [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e ex on er a t ur ] e g- z on a z ri-t ac
’
.

e x o r a b l e a dj ( cap a b l e of b e ing m ov e d b y e n t re a t y ) e ksaeo

’
.

b el .

e x or b i t a n t a dj ( l i ) g
’
a b n o r m a l ; g r o s
. s y e x c e ss v e z o z z -
b r-t n
t .

e x or c i s m n ( ac t i on of e xorciz in g or’ e xpe ll ing e v il spi rit s b y

.

con j u r a t i on s , e t c ) e k s oz s r o m s rz a m
'
- z , e g. z o zz -
.

e x or c i s t n
'
e k s e e - s rs t
’
. e g z ozz - s rs t ,
.

k
’
[ ]
’
e x or c i s e v a l s o s p e .l t e x o r c i s e e se e -
s e rz , e g z o zz -
s a rz .

e x or d i u m n b e gin n in g, p r oe m , p re lu d e , p re ac e [ plu r al ex
. f
or d i u m s e x or d ia ] e g z ozz -d i- e m
’
, .

e x os cu l a t e v ( k i ) g k c le t
’
ss e z o
. s u -
.

m m os
'
o s e n ( e x os m os i s ) e k s os m os , k
’
ex o s .
-
e so z -
.

e xosm os i s n ( pa ssa ge of a l u id ou t w a rd t hru a m e m b ra n e )

. f
e k s os m a o s rs
'
e k s oz rnoo- s rs
’
-
. .

’
e x ot e r i c n ( e xt e r n a l : op e n : p op u la r ) e ksa t e z xk
. .

e x ot i c a dj f
( or e ig n ) e g z ot xk : ( l e ss r o e rly ) e k s ot rk
.
' '
p p .

m b
’
e xp a n s i b l e a dj ( t h a t c a n b e e x.
p a n d e d ) e k s p n s a -
ol .

e x p a n s i l e a dj t ha t ca n b e e x p a n d e d : d il a t a b le [ a l s o s om e
.
,
'
t i m e s s p e l t e x pa n s il ] e k s pze n s rl e k s pze n - s a rl
'
.
. .

e xp a t i a t e v ( r o a m a t . l a r g e ; s p e a k a t l e n g t h : e n l a r ge ) e k

s pe e - Si- e t
’
.

i h l i t ry ) e ks pe e
’ ’
e xp a t r i a t e v ( b a n s ; e. a ve o n e s n a t v c o u n

i
'
i
t g et e
- k s .t t
p e r et
-
.

( se n d ou t ) e k sp rid
'
e xp e d e .

j ye , c cu re : a t h e . 9 t h in : s d 3 j oy :
a s u re . Ss h oe t Sch e w ; .

w w he n ; u s rng : u w h oe v e r . i r e a c t o f u ll u u f ool I it ri se e ;
. , . .

o poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e n al, A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o e b e d e e g at e ; , ,

 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 199

e k s p ri - di- a n t.
’
ex p e d i en t ad j . ( a d v an t a ge ou s ; a d v i sa b l e )
e xp e l v . d ri v e or t h ru s t ou t [ p re s e n t p a r t rc rpl e e xp e l li ng
e x p e l l e d, e xpe l d ] e k s p e l
’

pa s t p a rt rc rple pre t e r1 t an d .

exp e n s e n. ( m on e y sp e n t or pa id ou t ; d is b u r s e m e n t ; cos t )
’
e k s p e n t s , e k sp e n s
’
.

e xp e r i m e n e k s p e z r-m on t
’
t n ( .
; t e n t a t iv p r oce d u r e t es t ) .

ex p e r i m e n t a l i s e v [ s
a l o l
s pe t e x e r i m e n t.a l i s e ] e k -
spe z r p
m e n ti - e rz
’
.

exp e r t a dj ( expe rie n ce d ; s kil u l ) e k sp ozz t , ( ass u mpt iv ly )

.
’
f
'
e k - sp e z t .

e xp e r t n ( s k il
. u l p e r s on ; s p e c i afl is t )
’
e k -
s p oz t , e k
'
s p o zz t .

g orga n i n p la n t s ) e k sp a r
'

e xp i r a n t n ( pp
s u o s e d b. r e a t h i n -

z an t.
’
e xp i r a t i o n n ( b re at hi n g ou t ; e n d ,. l
c os ) e
e k s po z e e -
Son .

e x p i r a t o r y a dj of e x pi r a t i on [ i n p
. ex h on e t ics, s pe lt a ls o
y]
’
sp i r a t o r e k s p a r-
z o -
t oz r .

'
( d h d k k
'
e xp i r y n . e a t ; e n ) e s p o -
a r e s p e r-
ex ,
.

e x p l a i n v m a k e pl a i n ; i n t e r p r e t [ p as t p a rt rc rp l e a n d p re t e r
.

1 t e x p la i n e d, e x pl a in d ] e k s p e e e n
’
.

e x p l a n a t e a dj ( ps r e a d o.u t f l a t )
’
e k s p L a -
net .

e x p l a n a t i on n e ks p e a n e e - S
’
. an .

m
’
e x p l a n a t o r y a dj . x k
( s e r v in g t o e p la i n ) e sp a o t oz r ; ( a l s o) e -

e k s p L azn ot a - z r, ( a s s u m pt i v ly ) e k s p u e n o- t oz r
' '
.

e x p l e t i v e a dj se r v i n g t o f ill ou t ; r e d u n d a n t [ a ls o s p e l t ex
.

i v] k m i
' ’

p l e t e s p
-
t x v , e k s p u -
t rv .

e x p l i c a b l e a dj ( p
e x l a i n a b
. l e )
’
e k s p u k o -
b a l ; ( i m p r o p e r l y ) e k
k b al
’
sp u e -
.

e xp l i ca t i v e a dj s e rv in g t o e xpl ica t e , u n f ol d ,
. or e x pl a i n

[a sl l l i i ] k k e t rv
’
o s p e t e x p a c t v e s p u -
.

’
e x p l i c a t or y a dj ( p
e x li c a t i v )
. e k s p u k o t
- oz r
.

e x p l i c i t v ( i t i s u n r oll e d ; f i n is ) e k - s pu s rt
’
. .

’
e xp l i ci t a dj ( d e v e l op t ; d e f in it ; cl e a r ; e xp r e ss ) e k s p m s rt
. .

e xp l oi t v ( m i f ) k
’
w .o r k ; a k e c a p t a l o u t o e s p e o xt .

ex p l oi t n ( ac
. h i e v e m e n t ; f e a t )
’
e k -
s p e o r t e k s p e oxt ,
’
.

e x p l o r a t i v e a dj of e xpl ora t i on ; in cl i n e d t o e x p l or e [ a l so
.

sp e l t e x p l ora t iv ] e k s p e oz- z o- t rv
’
.

e x p l or a t o r y a dj i i k
’
( o f e x p l o r a. t o n o r s e a r c h n g) e s p L o z-
za

t oz x ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) e k s p e oz-z o- t oz r ; ( a ls o) e k s p e oz ot a-z r
’ ’
.
,

e x p l o r a t or n ( p k
’
e x l o r e
. r ) e s p L o -
z e t oz .

e x p l o s i v e a dj t e n din g t o e x pl od e , e t c [ a l s o s pe l t e x p l os i v ]
. .

e k s p L oo- s rv , e k s p L oo- z rv
’ ’
.

ex p on e n t it ( on e w h o or t h at w h ich e xpla in s ; in d e x ) e k
.

'
s p a c n on t ;
-
( i m p r o p e r l y)
’
e k -
s p o n a n t ,
’
e k s p o -n
on t .

c: la w , fur
a: , a: c a t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u: a s k , or k it e ;
le n gt h - m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
st r e s s- m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g syl la b l e .
200 DICTIO N ARY O F HA RD WO RD S
i b l e a dj ( t ha t a d m it s or r e q u ire s e xp la n at ion ) e k spoo '
e x p on .

n a-b ol .

e x p or t v ( s e n d ou t or s h ip f r om on e cou n t ry t o a n ot h e r )
.

e k s pozz t , e k s p ozz t ; ( l e ss p rop er ly ) e k - s p e at

’ ' '
.

e x p or t n ( p
e x o r.t e d a r t ic l e ; e x p or t a t i on )
’
e k -
s poe t .

e k -s poz t oz , e k s p ozz -t oz , e k s pozz -t az

’ ’ ’
e x p or t e r n . .

( r e cit a l of f a ct s ; e xp osu re ) e kspo z e e

’
e x p os e n . .

e x p o s i t o r y a dj ( f i i y) k
’
o e x p o s t o n ; e x p. l a n a t o r e s poz r-
t ee t .

e x p r e s s i b l e a dj ca pa b l e of b e i ng e xpr e st [ al s o, f orm e rly ,

.

sp e l t e x p r e ss a b l e ] e k s ps e s o- b al
'
.

e x p r ob r a t e v ( ob s ol e t e ) r e proach , b la m e , con d e m n [ sy n
.

on y m ou s c ogn a t e e x p r ob a t e ] e k s psoo b z e t , e k sps a-b z e t

' '
-
.

e x p u g n a b l e a dj ob s ol e t e ( t h a t m ay b e t a k e n b y f or ce ) e k
.

e k s pa g n o b a l
' ’
s p cu u - n a b al -
,
-
.

( s t r ike ou t , e ra s e , e ff ace ) e k s pa nd3

'
e xp u n g e v . .

e xp u r g a t e v (p u r i f y; p u r g ;
. e e xp u n g )
e
’
e k s p oz
’
g , e k spe zz
- et

ge t .

'
e k spoz - ge t oz , e k sp ozz -g e t oz
’
e xp u r t or n
ga . .

'
e x p u r g a t or y a d j ( o f e x p gu r a t i o n ) e k
. s p o z z g t oz r
- a-
.

e x q u i s i t e a dj ch oice , e l a b or a t e , i n t e n se [ a l s o s p e lt e xq u is i t ]
.

m k s k w rz l t ;
’
( ( occas i on ally ) e k
’
e k s k w r- z rt , a ss u p t iv ly) e -

s kw rz rt
’
.

e x s e r t v t h ru s t . f
or t h ; p r ot ru d e [ or m e r sy n ony m ou s cogn a t e f
e x e r t ] e k s ozz t , e k s s ozz t
’ ’
.

e x s e r t a dj f
[ or m e r s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e e x e r t ] e k s s :z t , e ks
.
’

s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s e xs e r t e d
’
s n zz t . .

e x s e r t e d a dj s t r e t ch t or t h ; p r ot ru d e d ; e x s e rt [ sy n ony m ous
. .

c og n a t e e x e r t e d ] e k s ozz t rd
’
t rd
’
-
k
e s se zz -
, .

( d ry in g ) e k s rkon t
’
e x s i c c a n t a dj . .

k
’ '
e xs i cca t e v ( y)
d r e k s.r e t , e k s r-
ke t .

e x s i c c a t i v e a dj [ a ls o sp el t exs icca t iv ] e k s rko t rv , e ks s rka

' ’
.
-

t rv e k s r- k e t rv
’
.
,

e x t a n t a dj ( s t a n din g ou t ; p r ot ru d in g ; n ow b e i ng ; s t ill e x
.

is t i n g ) e k s t ze n t , e k - st a n t
’ ’
.

e x t e m p o r i z a t i on n [ a ls o spe lt e x te m or is a t ion ] e k-st e m

. p
S , m
’
k
'
p o z r z e e -
a n e -
s t e p a -
z e r z e e -
Son .

e x t e m p or i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t e x t e m or is e ] e k st e m pa-z orz
.
'
p .

e x t e m p o r e a dv ( on t h e s pu r of t h e m om e nt ; o h an d ) e k
. ff
’
st e m p o z r e k s t e m p o s t ; ( i m r o e r ly ) e k s t e m poz
-
’
,
’
-
p p .

e x t e n d i b l e a dj ( cap ab l e of b e in g e xt e n d e d ; e xt e n sib l e ; al so,

.

s u b j e ct t o s e i z u r e u n d e r a w r it of e x t e n t ) e k s t e n d a - b ol
'
.

e xt e n s i b l e a dj ( cap ab l e of b e in g e xt e n de d ; e xt e n sil , pro

.

t r u s il ) e k s t e n sa - b al
’
.

j ye c cu r e ; a t h e
, 0t hin ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sc h e w ; .

w w h e n : n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u l l , ou ool , I it , ri s e e
; , f f
0 poe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e n al , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, e b ed , e e gat e
;
202 DICTI O N A RY O F H AR D WORD S
e y ot n.
'
c c -at . m e a n i n g as a i t sam e .

’
eyr a n .
( w il d c a t Fe l is e y r a ) n r— o
a , .

eyr e n .
( j ou r n e y circu it ) e zz , .

e yr y n . [ a l s o s p e l t e y r i e ]
’
e z-e x,
’
1 : -ex,
'
e r—z r. same me an 1 ng
a s aery.

f a b i f or m a dj (b shap e d) f e e -b r-f ozz m. e an -

’

f a b u l i s t n ( on e w h o re lat e s f ab l e s) fa b j u-i ret

.
’
.

f a b u l i s e v i nv e n t f ab l e s, e t c [ al so sp e lt
. a bu lis e ]
’
fa b j u . f
l a rz .

f a ca d e n ( fa ce ; pri n cipal f ron t ) f a sa zd fa sozd , fz se e d

' ’
'
. .
,

f a c e t n lit t l e fa ce [ a l s o sp e l t a ce t t e ] fa s rt
.
'
f .

f a c e t v cu t f a ce t s on [ pre se n t p ar t rcrpl e ac e tin g, ace t t in g ;

. f f
p a st p a rt rcrpl e an d p re t e r rt a c e t e d a ce t t e d ]
’
fa s rt f ,
f .

f a c e t i a e n pl ( h u m or ou s s ay in gs ; w it t icis m s ) f o s ri-S
. .
'
i-i
f a c e t i ou s a dj ( j ocu l a r ; w aggi s h ) f o s ri- S ’
. os .

f a c i a l a dj ( of t h e f a ce ) f e e S
.
’
-
ol
’
f e e -S i- al , .

f a c i e n t n ( on e w h o d oe s a n y t h in g ; d oe r ) f e e - S on t , f e e -S '
i
'
.

an t , fe e S j ant
'
-
.

f a c i e s n asp e ct , a pp e a r a n ce [pl ur al a cie s ] f e e - S

.
'
i-izz f .

f a c i l e a dj e a s y ; y i e l d in g ; d e xt r ou s [ a l s o sp e l t a cil ] fa s rl
.
'
f .

f a c i l i t y n ( e a se ; opp or t u n ity ; d e xt e r it y ) f a s rl r- t r
’
. .

f a c s i m i l e n copy ; cou n t e rp a rt { pl u ra l a cs im il es ] f a k s rm r
.
’
f
s rm r- l i
’
11 , ( ol de r ) k .

f a c t i o u s a dj ( giv e n t o f act ion ; s e d it iou s ) fae k S

’
. as .

f a c t i t i ou s a dj ( got u p ; ar t if icial ) faek t rS

’
. os .

f a c t or y n ( t r ad in g- st a t ion ; m an u f act ory ) faekt o-z r, ( a n t er i

'
.

or ly ) fze k t oz r ( r a p i d ly ) fae kt gr
' ’
.
,

f a c u l a n b r igh t sp ot on t h e su n [ pl u ral acu l a e ] fa k cu-l a

.
'
f .

f a e c e s n pl f ri- s iz
’
. see e ces
. . f .

f a e c u l a n f e kcu - l o
’
se e
. e cu la . f .

f a e r i e n a r ch a ic [ als o sp e lt a e ry ] f e e -o-e x, f e z-z r

.
' '
sa m e f .

m e a n 1 n g a s a iry f .

f a g ot n b u n d l e of st ick s or t w igs [ al s o s p e l t a gg ot ] fe gat

.
'
f .

F a h r e n h e i t a dj fae z on -h ort f a z z on h ort

' '
- -
.
, .

f a i e n c e n p ot t e ry [ al s o s p e l t ay e n ce ] f o j ons
.
’
f .

f a i k e s n r ock [ al s o s pe lt a k e s ] f e e ks
. f .

f a i l l e n ( r ib d s il k ) f e e l , f oz- i
'
. .

f a i n a dj ( gla d ) fe e n
. .

f a i n e a n cy n ( q u a l it y of b e i n g f a i.n é a n t ; s l o t h )
'
f e e -u i - on - I
S .

f a i n é a n t n idl e r l oa fe r [ a l s o s p e l t a in e a n t ] f e n e on
. ,
’
f .

j ye , b
c cu r e
; t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe t S h e w ; , c
11) w h e n ; t] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u l l on fool r i t , 11 se e ; . f , ,

0 p oe t ic ; a over, e ae rial , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d, cc gat e ;

 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 203

f a i n t a dj ( f e e b l e , in cl in e d t o sw oon ) fe e n t
.
.

f a i r a dj ( b e a u t i f u l , f a v ora b l e , h on e s t ) f e ze
.
.

f a i r n ( m a rk e t , s a l e , e x h ib it ion ) f e zz
. .

f a i r y n , a dj [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , a rc h a i ca lly spe lt a e r i e, ae ry]

. . f f
’
i s : z 1 ; ( d ia e c tal y ) f
- l l
’
e e - x
z ; ( o r m e y)
r l
'
fe o z r
e -
f -
.

f a k er n ( o n e . w h o f a k e s ; s u r f m a n w h o f a k e s t h e s h o t i es
-l n

i n a f a kin g- b ox ) f e e - k az
'
.

f a k er n ( t h i e f.
; o n e w h o d e a l s i n f a k e s ; s t re e t -
v e n d e r ;
’
t eh a t r ic a l h a n g e r -
o n ) f e e -
koz .

f a k i r n M oh a m m e d a n m e n d ica n t ; H in d u a sce t ic ; yogi [ a lso

.

s pe t l a k e f
e r , a q u i r ]
’
f e e -
k o z f f
o
’
k r zz , f ae
’
k rzz ,
.

f a l c a t e a dj ( l ik e a s ickl e ; h ook t ) fae l k e t

’
-
. .

fal c h i o n n ( sw o r d )
'
f cz l.
-t
So n ,
’
f o z i -
S o n .

f ael kon
’ '
c ) f -k
f l k on
’
f a l co n n ( h a w k .
, e t c z o n , c z -
. , .

f a l c o n e r n ( on e w h o hu n t s w it h or t r a i n s f a l con s ) f cz-k a
'
.

n oz .

f a l c o n e t n ( pie ce of ord n a n ce ; sh rik e ) fa l ka

' ’
. f oz ka - -
n at ,

f c zl - k o- n a t
’
n ot , .

f a l c o n i n e a dj ( l ike a f a lcon or haw k ) fazika m fa l k o

’ ’
-n o
. ,

n rn .

f a l c o n r y n ( h aw k in g ) f cz-kon-z r
'
. .

f a l l v ( d r op d e s ce n d e t c ) f ozi , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) f cl
.
, , . .

f a l l a c i ou s a dj ( con t a i n in g a f a lla cy ) f o l e e S
’
os.
-
.

f a l l a c y n ( d e c e pt i v n e s s ; e r r or ) fw l o- s r
'
. .

f a l l a l n p i e ce of f in e r y ; t r i fl i n g or n a m e n t ; a ff e ct a t i on [ a ls o
.

s p e lt f a l- l a l ] f ze l lze l
’ ’
fze lae L ,

f a l l e n a dj ( t h a t h a s d r opt ; r uin d ) f cz-l s n f c z-l n

’ '
.
, .

f a l l i b l e a dj ( l ia b l e t o e rr ; u n r e li ab l e ) fael a - b ol ( a n t er i or ly )
’
. ,

fael ab ol
’
.

f a l l o w n ( u ncr opt gr ou n d e t c ) facl o

’
. . .
,

f a l s e a dj ( e r r on e ou s ; d e ce it f u l ; s pu r iou s ) f c zls f czlt s ; f ol s

. , .

f a l s e t t o n ( f or c e d v oice ; h e a d v oice ) f cl s e t o
’
. .

f a m i l i a r a dj ( of on e s f a m ily ; i n t i m a t e ; w e ll - k n ow n ; f re e )
’
.

f a m rl ia z
'
.

f a m i l i a r i t y n i a- m t l j aoe r- t t f a- m rl i ae z r- t r
'
. .
,

f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n n [ a ls o s p e l t a m il ia r i s a t i on ] f a-m rl ioz r
. f
zee S
’
f o- m rl i o z e r z e e S
’
-
on , an - -
.

f a m i l i a r i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt a m il ia r is e ] f a m t l ia -z a rz
'
. f .

f a m i l y n ( h ou s e h ol d g r ou p ; k in d r e d ) fazm r- l x ( a n t e r i or ly )
’
-
.
,

fae m t h ( ra p idly ) f w m l r
' ’
.
,

f a m i n e n sca r cit y of f ood ; hu n ge r ; st arv a t ion [ al s o spe l t

.

f a m in ] fze m m
'
.

f a n a t i c n ( u n r e as on in g e n t hu s ia st ; v is ion a ry ) f o ne t rk
’
. .

c: law fur
, 9 : , a: c a t , o h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , on n ow , a : a sk , or kit e ;
, or
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e c e d m s ou n d rs l on g ;
s t r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1 e s t r e s s on t h e f
e l low rn g s y ll a b l e .
20 4 D I C TI O N ARY O F H ARD W ORD S

f a n a t i c i s e v r e n de r f a n at ic ; act a s a fanat ic [ al so spe lt fa

.

n a t ic is e ] fo n e t r-sa t z
’
.

f a n a t i ci s m n ( e xce s s iv e n t hu sia sm) f o n zet r- s rz om

'
. .

f a n c y n ( im agin a t ion ; n oti on ; liking) fa n s r fa n t s r

' '
. .
,

f a n d a n g o n da n ce , t u n e , b al l [ plural f an da ngos ] fa n dz n
’
.

f d
’
o - o
g , aen ze ng .

f a n e n ( t e m pl e ) f e e n
. .

f a n f a r e n ( f l ou rish , call , t u n e ) fa n-fe zz , faen fe zz

' ’
. .

f a n f a r on a d e n b ra g ; ost e n t a t i on [ also spe lt fa nfa r on n a de ]

.

faen f az a n e e d , f a n faez o n e e d
’ ’
.

f a n t a si a n ( f a n c i f
. u l c o m p o s it ion ) fa t an
'
z ri- e f a n
'
t a z i a
-z -
, .

f an t a s i e d a j
d f an c i f u l [ a l s.o s pe tl p ha as e d ]
n t i
’
f a n - rd
ta s .

f a n t a s s i n n ( h e av y a r m d f oot s oldie r ) fa n t o-s m

’
- -
. .

f a n t a s t n v is ion a ry [ a l s o sp e l t p h a n tas t] fa n -t z st
'
. .

f a n t a s t i c a dj f a n cif u l ; cap r iciou s [ al so spe lt p ha n t as t ic ]

.

’
fae n t ae s t xk .

f a n t a s y n i m agin a t ion ; w h im sical n ot ion ; caprice [ al so

.

s p e l t p h a n t a sy ; p l u r a l f a n t a s i e s ] fa nta-sr
'
.

f a n t o c c i n i n pl ( pu pp e t s ) f aen t o t S ri-u i
’
. . .

f a q u i r n f e e -k az s e e f a k ir
'
. . .

f a r a dv at or t o a gr e a t d ist a n ce ; la rgely ; w i d e ly [ com p a ra

.

t rv f ar t he r, fu r t h e r ; s u pe r l a t rv fa r t h es t, fur t hes t ] fu zz ,
( w h e n u n s tr es t ) f oe ; ( d ia l e c t a lly) f s zz .

f a r a d n ( e l e ct r ic ca pa cit y u n it ) f ze z a d faez a d
' '
- -
.
, .

F a r a d a i c a dj ( of t he Englis h physicist M ich a e l Fa r aday )

.

fae z a d e e -I k
’
.

f a r a d i c a dj ( of in du ct iv e l e ct ricity ) f a z e d rk
’
. .

f a r e n ( p rice of p a ssa ge ) f e ze
. .

f a r e w e l l a dj ( of a f a r e w e ll ; good-b y ) f e zz w e l ( as s u mpt iv '

.
,
'
ly ) f e zz -w e l .

f a r -f e t c h e d a dj b rou gh t f r om a far ; st rain d [ al s o spe l t far

.

fe tc h t ] f ozz f e t St , ( ass u mptiv ly ) fozz -f et St

' ’
.

f a r i n a n ( st arch , f e cu l a ; p oll e n ) fa z e r-n o

'
. .

f a r i n a n ( a gra n u l a r p r e para t ion of w hit e m ai z e f in e r t han

.
,

h om i n y ) f a z l i n a
'
-
.

f a r i n a c e ou s a dj ( of fl ou r ; s t a rchy ; m e aly ) faez r n e e -S

'
. os .

f a r i n o s e a dj ( yi e ld in g f a r in a ; st a rchy ; fl ou ry ) f aez r noos ,

'
.

( ass u m p t iv ly)
'
f z
e z r-n o
s .

f a r m s t e a d n [ al s o s p e lt fa r ms t e d] f a ze m - st e d
'
. .

f a r o n ca rd gam e [ a l s o spe l t p ha ra oh, p ha r oa h p h ar o] fe

.
- '
,
’
z o,f e :-ao .

f a r -o f f a dj . fa zz ozf ( a s s u m ptiv ly) fozz - ozf

’
,
’
.

( m d d
’
f arr a go n l d g ) f f
'
. e e y; h o g p
e o e o z e e - o
g a z e e -
go , .

j ye , c cu re ; b t h e , 0t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe t Sc he w ; ,

f f
.

t o w h e n ; t] sw y ; u w h g e v e r 1 r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool I it Ii s e e ; , , , ,

o p oe ti c ; a ov er , e a e n al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e gat e ;
206 DI C TI ON A RY O F H A RD W O RD S
f a u x p a s n ( fal se st e p , mista ke ) f o po
'
.

f a v o r n g ood w ill ; e t c [al so spe lt fav ou r ] f e e -v oz

’
. . .

f a v or a b l e ad j [ als o s p e lt fav ou r a b l e ] f e e -v oz o-b ol ( r a p i dly )

’
. ,
’
f e e -v z o-b al .

f a v o r i t e n , a dj [ a l s o s p e l t . a v ou r i t e ,
. a v or i t ]
’
f e e -
vfa -z rt
, f
( a n t e r i o r ly)
’
f e e -
v o z r t ( ra p i d ly)
’
f e e -vz rt
, .

f a w n v s h ow f on d n e ss ; cringe [ pe st p art rcrpl e a n d pr e t e rrt

.

fa w n e d , fa w n d ] f c zn .

f a w n n ( y ou n g d e e r ) f czn
. .

f a y n ( f ai ry e l f ) f e e
.
, .

f a y n ( f a it h , r e l igiou s b e l ie f ) f e e
. .

f a y n s u r f a ce cl e a n in gs f r om s oil ; d r oss [ al s o s pe lt
.
-
ei g h , f
fe ag h, f e e , fe y ] f e e .

f a y v ( fit ; f ill u p ; su i t ) f e e
. .

f a y v ( l oc a l ) cl e a n ou t , a s a d it ch ; cl e a n ; w i n n ow [ al s o s p e lt
.

, f
fe y e ig h a n d , f or m e’rl y , fe e ] f’e e .

f a y a l i t e n ( m in e r a l ) f e e a l ort f oi-o l ort f e i a :-l e rt

.
- -
’
,
-
, .

f a z e v d i s t u r b [ a ls o s p e l t p h a s e ] f e e z
. .

f e a l t y n ( fi d e li t y t o a l or d ; l oy al ty ) f xi-ol-t r
’
. .

f e a r n ( a l a r m , e t c ) f i zz , f ro
. . .

f a si b e a j (p i i
’
e l d r a c t c a b l e ) .f r -
z a -
b ol .

f e a t n ( e xpl oit ) f l it
. .

f e a t h e r n p l u m e , e t c [ al s o s p e l t f e t h e r ] f e b e e
'
. . .

f e b r i f u g a l a dj f r b z rf iu gal , f e b e r f in gal , f e b z r fiuu -gal

' ’ ’
- -
. .

f e b r i f u g e n ( m e d icin t h a t re d u ce s f ev e r ) f eb z r- f iu d 3
.
'
.

f e b r i l e a dj of f e v e r [ a l s o sp e l t e b r il ] f l i b z fl , f e b z rl
.
'
-
'
f .

F e b r u a r y n ( m on t h ) f e b z u - e z r ; ( a ls o) f e b z u - a- z r, ( an t er ior
’ ’
.

ly ) fe b z u oz r ; ( a ls o, e r r on e ou s ly ) f e b j u e z r, f e hn - e z r
' ’ '
- -
.

f e c a l a dj of f e ce s [ als o s pe l t a e ca l ] f ri k al
.
’
f -
.

f e c e s n pl s e d im e n t ; e xcr e m e n t [ al s o s pe l t a e c e s ] f ri- siz

. .
’
f .

f e ci t v . m a d e it : a n e xp r e s sion u s e d a f t e r t h e a r t i st s ’

s ign a t u r e on w or k s of a r t ) f ri- s rt
’
.

f e c u l a n st a rch [ al s o sp e lt a e cu l a ; p l u r al e cu la e ] f e kcu -l a
. f '
f .

f e cu l e n c e n f ou l n e s s [ al s o, f orm e rl y , s p e lt f e cu la n ce ] f e
.
’

k cu-l on s .

f e cu n d a dj ( p r ol if ic ; f e rt il ) f e k A n d f ri kA n d f r k A n d
' ' ’
- -
.
, , .

f e c u n d a t e v ( r e n d e r f ru it fu l ; im p r e gn at e ) f e k on d e t , f ri
’ '
-
.

k an - d e t f I k A n d e t
’
.
,

f e c u n d a t i o n n f e k on de e - S
’
on f ik on d e e - S
’
. on , .

f e d e r a l i z a t i o n n [ al s o s p e l t e d e r a l i s a t i on ]
. fe do z ol r z e e
-
’
f
S o n , ( r a p i d ly) f e d r a l r
’
z e e -
S ; (
a n a l s o ) f e d o z a -
l a r
’
z e e -
Son .

fe d e r a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t e d e .r a l is e ]
’
f e d a z a -l a rzf .

f e e t n ( p l u r al of oot ) f rit
. f .

j ye ,c cu t e : 6 t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
11) w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h g e v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , xi s e e ;
.

, f f
0 p oe ti c ; o ov e r , c a c u al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 207

f e i g n v in v e n t s im u la t e [ p as t p a rt rcrpl e a n d pre t e r 1 t feign ed,

.
,

f e i g n d ] f e e n .

f ei g -d l
'
n e dl y a d v f e e -u x
l . .

f e i n t a dj cou n t e r f e it f e ign e d [ a lso b u t r a r ely n ow

.
sp e l t , , ,

fa in t ] fe e n t .

f e l d sp a r n . min e ra l [ a l s o, s om e t im es , s pe l t fe lsp ar ] ’
f el
s pa zz ,
’
feld -
spa zz .

f e l i ci t y
’
n h
( ppa i n e ss , b .l i s s ) f t l rs r -
tr .

f i hn
'
f e l i n e a dj ( of ca t s ; ca t like ) f xi l om , ( a r e ly )
’ -
.
- - r r .

f e l l a h n p e a s a n t [ p lu r a l e lla h s
. e ll a h e e n ]
’
elo f , f f .

f e l l e r n ( on e w h o o r t h a t w h i c h e l l s )
.
’
elez f f .

f e l l o e n [ p lu r a l e l l o es ]
.
’
e lo sa m e m e a n i n g a s f e lly f . f .

f e l l o w n ( c om r a d e ; p e r s on )
.
’
e l o ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly a n d v u lga r ly ) f
’
fe lo .

f ol l y n t h e r im of a w h e e l [ sy n onym ou s cogn a t e e ll oe ; pluz

. f
al f
e ll i es ]
’
fe l r .

f e m a l e a dj ( of t h e s e x w h ich b e a r s o sp r in g ; of w om e n )
. ff
f ri-m e e l , ( w h e n l ess s t r e s t ) f ri- m e l
’ ’
.

f e m e r e l n l a n t e r n , l ou v r e , or d om e ov e r a kitch e n [ al so
.

sp e l t f
e m e r e l l ; sy n o y n m o u s cog a t e f
n u m e r e l l ]
’
e m o -
z ol f .

f e m i e i t y n ( e m a e na tu e ; e
n l r m
. i n a l i t y) ff e m t
’
m i x tr
- -
f .

f e m i n i n e a dj f
e m a l e , e t c ; w om a n l y [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , sp e lt
. .

fe m i n in ]
’
f e m r -
u r n ; ( es s
l r o er y ) l
’
f e m r-
n e rn p p .

fe m o a l a dj ( of t
r h e e m u r o r t ig )
h
. h
’
e m o -
f
z ol ; ( i m r o e r ly ) f p p
f ri- m o-z ol
'
.

fe m u r n t h ig b on e [ p u
h -
. l ra l e m urs, e m ora ]
’
f r i-
m oz f f .

f e n c e n fe n t s .
, fe n s .

f e n c i b l e a dj m a k in g d e f e n s e ; st r on g ; b e l on gi n g
. ca p a b l e of

t o t h e cor p s c a ll e d f e n cib l e s [ a l s o, f or m e r ly , s p e l t f e n s i bl e,

f e n s a b le ] f e u ss b ol
'
-
.

F e n i a n n on e of t h e w a r r ior s or cha m p i on s of Ire la n d in

.

t h e t i m e of Fir m [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , s p e lt F e n n i a n ; sy n on y
m ou s cogn a t e F i n n ia n ] f ri - u i an , f e n i- on ; ( m e m b e r of t he
’ ’
-

b t he r o d
r o h o f ou n d e d i n N e w Y o r k i n 1 8 57)
’
f ri-
u i -ou
.

f e n n e c n A f r ica n f ox [ a l s o s pe lt e n n e k ] f ou l k
.
’
f .

f e n n e l n ( pl a n t ) f e n l
'
. .

f e n u g r e e k n p la n t [ a l s o s pe lt oe n u gr e e k ; sy n on y m ou s cog
. f
n a t e f e n u g r ec k ] f e n j u - ge t ik
’
.

f e o d n f cu u d . se e eud . f .

f e of f v in v e s t w it h a f ie f , f e e or f e u d ; e n f e off ; p re s e n t [ a l
.
,

s o, f or m e r l y sp e lt e ] fe f , f i l i c om p a r e,ie n f ff .
f f , .

f e of f e e n ( p e r s on w h o is e n f e of t ) f e i xi
’
. .

f e o f f e r i t on e w h o e n f e of f s [ a l s o s pe l t e o or ] f e f az
.
’
f ff .

c: la w ,
fu r a: , at c a t , o h ot b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u : a sk , or k it e ;
, or
l e n gt h - m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
st e s
r s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c hi e f
st re ss on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e .
208 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
f e of f m e n t n ( a ct ion of f e off in g or e n fe off i n g) f e f u on t
’
. .

f e r i n e a dj ( of w ild a n im a l s ; b e a st - lik e ) f rz z e m , f rz-z rn

’ ’
-
. .

f e r i s on n ( m ood of t h e t hird f igu r e of syll ogis m ) f o z e r- son ,

’
.

f a z e r son
’
- .

f e r m e n t n ( le ave n y e a s t ) f o zz m e n t f oza m on t
. ,
’
-
,
’
-
.

f e r m e n t v ( u n d e rgo f e r m e n t a t ion ; f om e n t ) f s z m e n t
’
. .

fe r m e n t a t i v e a dj [ a l s o s pe l t f er m en t a t iv ] f e a
'
m e t e t rv
.n -
.

f e r o ci t y n ( f i e r ce n e ss ) f x z os r- t l
’
. .

f e r r e t n ( p ol e ca t ) f e z rt
'
. .

f e r r e t n ( s t ou t t a pe ) f ez rt
’
.

f e r r i a g e n a ct ion of f e r r y i n g ; con v e y an ce ov e r a f e r ry [ a l
.

s o s p e l t f e rr y ag e ] f e z i 1 d 3 ; ( i mp r op e r ly ) f e z rd 3
’ '
-
.

f e r r i e r n f e rr y m a n [ a l s o sp e lt f e r r y e r ] f e z i-oz
'
. .

f e r r o c y a n i d e n s a l t [ a l s o s om e t im e s s pe lt f e r r ocya n id ] f e
.
, ,
’
z o se i o n e t d f e z o s oi a - u rd
'
- - -
.
,

f e r r u l e n r i n g or ca p of m e t a l [ a l s o s p e lt f er u l e a n d f or
. .

m e rl y f e r r e l f e r r il l f e z ol f e z rl f e z u l f e z j u l
’ ’ ’ ’
- -
, , , , , .

f e r t i l e a dj f ru it f u l p r oli f ic [ a ls o s om e t im e s spe lt f er t il ]
. , , ,
' ’
f nz t rl ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) f nz t l ; ( a ls o i n B r i t a in ) faz t a xl
’
-
, , .

f e r t i l e n e s s n [ a l s o s om e t im e s sp e lt f e r t iln es s ] f oet i-n rs ,

’
. , ,
'
f oz t rl n t s f oz t a rl n rs
’
- - —
.
,

f e r t i l i t y n ( f e rt il n e ss ) f oz t rl r t r
’
-
. .

f e r t i l i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s pe lt f er t il is a t ion ] f s z t l r z e e - S
'
. an fez -
,
’
S
’
t rl r f
z e e - on ,o e t r l a r z e e -
Son -
.

f e r t i l i z e v [ a ls o s p e l t e r t il is e ] f s z t l e rz , f s z t l - l a l z
.
’
-
'
f .

f e r t i l i s e r n [ a l s o s pe lt e r t il is e r ] f oz t l e x z oz , f s z t r-l a r-z oz
.
’
- -
’
f .

f eru l e n ca n e , r od ,
. ru l e r [ al so or m e r l , s pe lt e rr u l e ] , f y f
'
foe n i
'
f e erl f e z - j u l
,
’
,
.

f e r v o r n i n t e n se h e a t ; w a r m t h ; gl ow ; z e a l [ a l s o spe lt f er
.

v ou r ] f s zz - v oz
’
.

f e s c u e n p oin t e r [ a l s o s p e l t f es q u e a n d , or m e rly , f es k ue ,
. f
f ] f sk cu
'
-
e s c u e .

f e s s e n b a n d e d or d in a ry , a b e a ri n g [ al s o s p e lt e s s ] f e s
. f .

f e t a l a dj of a e t u s [ a ls o s p e l t oe t a l ] f ri- t i
. f
’
f .

f e t c h v b r in g ; g o a n d b r i n g [ p a st pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r rt
.

f e tc h e d e tc h t ] f e t S
,
f .

f et e n ( e a s t h ol id a ) e e t
. f , y f .

f e t i a l a dj of t h e f e t ia l e s ; h e r a ld r ic a m b assa d or ia l [ a l so
.

s pe l t f
e ci a l ]
’
f ri S al -
.

f e t i a l e s n pl ( c oll e ge of p r ie s t s in a n ci e n t R om e ) f i S i e e l iz
’
-
. . .

f e t i c i d e n t h e a ct ion of d e st r o in g a . etus or ca u s in g y f
a b or t ion [ a l s o s p e lt oe t i c i d e ]
’
f ri t r-s e rd
-
'
e t r- s ord f ,
f .

f e t i d a d j st in k in g [ a l s o s p e l t oe t id ] f ri t rd f e t xd
.
’
-
’
f , .

j c
ye , cu r e ; a t h e 0 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sc h e w , ;
to w h e n ; n s 1 n g ; u w h g e v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , r i t , ri s e e ;
.

f f
o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c g at e ;
 D ICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
f ib ril l os e ad j . cov e r d w it h or com p os e d of fib rils [ a lso sp e l t

f ] m
' ’
i b r i l o s e f e r b z r l oo s , ( a s s u-
p t iv l y) f e r -
b z r -l os .

f i b r i l l ou s a dj ( u ll of ib r ils ) f a r-b z r-l as ; ( l es s .

'
f f r o er ly ) p p
' ' ’
f a t b z rl os , f 1 b z rl as , f xb z r- l os .

f i b r i n n ( n it r oge n ou s su b s t a n ce ) f e t - b z rn
’
. .

f i b r i n e a dj . f
ib e r-l ik e [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e lt
'
i br i n ] f a r f
b z rn , f a l -b z a xn
’
.

f i b r i n og e n n (p r o t e i d )
’
f o
.r -b
z m o -
d 3 e n ; ( i m r o er ly ) f a r p p
b z xn o- d 3 e n
'
.

f
f i b r i n o u s a dj ( u l l of ib r in ) f a r-b z t - n os , ( l es s o te n ) f r
.
'
f ’
f
b e l - n os .

f i c h u n ( t ri a n gu l a r p ie ce of a b r ic w or n b y w om e n on t h e
. f
n e c k , t h r oa t , a n d s h ou l d e r s ) fI S u , fi S
’ ’
-
uu .

i
'
f i co n ( g) . f i f I -
ko .

f i c t i l e a d j pl a s t ic [ al s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t ic t il ] f rkt xl , ( as
.
'
f
f l kt l
’
s u m pt iv ly ) .

f i d d l e r n ( on e w h o p l a y s on t h e
’
. f rdl -e z .

f f
f i d e l i t y n ( a it h u l n e s s , l o al t y ) or d e l l - t r, f r d e l x-t r
.
’ ’
y f .

f i d g e t n ( c on d it ion of s pa s m od ic m ov e m e n t ) f 1 d 3 1 t
’
. .

f i d u c i a l a d j ( of t ru s t ) f r d j uu - S ol , f e t dj u u - S i - al
’ ’
. .

f i d u c i a r y a d j ( i n t r u s t ; of t r u s t e e s h i p ) f r d j uu - S i-e z x, f e r
’
.

i a -z 1 , f l d j u u - S
’
dj u u S
'
- -
a -z r .

f i e i n t e rj [ a l s o sp e l t fy fy e ] f or
.
, .

. f ff
f i e f n ( e o , f e e , e u d ) f 1 if c om pa r e f eo , v .
f ff .

f i e l d f a r e n ( b ir d ) f ril d e ze
'
.
-
f .

.
’
- -
f
f i e r y a d j ( of ir e ) f a i a z r, f a r z r ; ( a ls o, o t e n )
'
-
'
a ia-z r f f .

fif e n . f
lu t e - l ike in s t ru m e n t [ pl u r a l i e s ] f orf ff .

f i f t e e n a d j , u f rf t rin , ( a n t e r i or l y ; b y c on t r as t ) f 1 f t in
’ '
-
. . .

f i g u l i n e a dj m a d e b y a p ot t e r ; p la s t ic [ a l s o, s om e t im e s ,
.

gj l m , f rgj u l a rn
’
] f
’
s pe t f g
l i u l in t u - -
.

f
f i g u r e n ( or m ; im a ge ; n u m e r a l ) f rgj oz ; ( in B r i t a i n , o t en
.
’
f
er ) f rgoz
’
.

f i g u r e v ( de pict ; i m a gin ; u se igu r e s ) f 1 gj az , f t goz

.
’ '
f .

f i g u r i n e n ( s m a l l igu r e or i m a ge ) f rgj u z ri n
. f ’
.

F i j i a n a dj of Fij i [ a l s o s p e l t F e e j e ea n ] f 1 i d 3 i ou f i d 3 ri-an
’ ’
- -
.
, .

f i l a ce r n o ic e r . ff
[ s n on y m ou s c og n a t e s fy l is e r , y il az er ] f
f rl o saz
’
-
.

f i l a m e n t n (t h r e a d -
l ik e b o
.d y ; f i b e r )
’
f 1 l a -
m an t .

f il a n d er n w a l l a b y a s h o.r t -
t a i l d k a n ga r oo [ a l s o s pe l t ph i
,

la n d e r ] f r l w n d oz com p a re p h il a n d e r
'
. .

f i l a n d e r n m e m b ra n e s cr a pe d f r om gu t in m a kin g ca t gu t
.

[ a l s o s p e l t il a n d r e ] f t l ae n d az f ’
.

f i l a n d e r v f r l aen d oz s e e p hi l a n d er
'
. . .

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 0 t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
.

11) w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h g e v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , u u £001, 1 i t , ri s e e ;
.

f
0 poe t ic ; a uv e t , e a e n al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b ed , s e gate ;
 DICT I ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
f i l a n d e r s n w or m s ; d ise ase [ f orm e r syn on y m ou s cogn at e
.

fe l an d ers ] f t lz nd az z
’
.

f il c h v s t e al ; p il fe r ; r ob [ p e s t p art rcrple a nd pre t e r rt f ilc h e d,

.

fil c h t ] f rit S, ( als o, a n d in B r i t ain n or m a l ly ) f t l S .

f il e t n ( t h r e a d -lik e p a rt or t hin lin e i n a d e s ign ; f ill e t ) ti

.

'
lee .

f i l i a l a dj ( of a son or d aught er ) f rl i-ol , f t l ial

' ’
. .

f il i b e g n k il t [ a lso spe lt fil li b eg, p h il i b eg, p hi ll ib eg ] f ri t

’
.

beg .

f il i g r e e n t race ry-w ork i n m e t a l [ al so sp e lt f illigr e e ; sy n on

.

y m o u s c g o n a t e i l l ag r e e ]
’
f ri x-
gz i f .

F i l i p i n o n n a t iv of t h e Ph ili ppin e Isla n d s [ pl ur a l F il ip in os ]

.

f rl xp I i- n o
’
.

f il l e t n ( h e a d -b a n d ; s t rip ; r ol l , a s of m e at ; m ol din g ) f rl xt
’
.
.

f il l i p n fi n ge r- j e r k ; s t r ok e ; s t im u lu s [ a ls o, for m e rly , s p e lt
.

fi l ip ] f l l l p
’
.

f il l i p v t o st r ike a s b y a fill ip [ a l s o f or m e rly s p e l t ilip ;

. , , f
p a s t pa r t rc rp le a n d p r e t e r 1 t i ll ip e d , f ill ipt ] f xl xp
’
f .

f il l i p e e n n f 1 l 1 p 1 in s e e p h il op e n a
’
. .

f il m n ( t h in s ki n ; f 1n e t h re ad ) f i l m ; ( v u lga r ly ) f xlom
'
. .

f il o p l u m e n ( t h r ea d - f e a t h e r ) f a r- l a- p w u m
'
. .

f il o s e a d j ( e n d in g i n a t h r e a d ) f a t l oos , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) f a r
’ '
.

l os .

f il o s e l l e n f e rr e t or f l os s - s il k ; g r oga m y a r n [ a l s o s pe lt il o
. f
s e l fi l os e ll ] f rl o z e l ,
’ '
f rl o- se l , f a r- l o z e l
’
.
,

f il t e r n liq u i d - pu r i f y in g d e v ice [ a ls o sp l t il t r e ] f xlt az

.
'
f .

f il u m n t h r e a d f i l a m e n t [ pl u r a l f il o]
.
,
e x-l om .

f i n n ( s w i m m i n g - or g a n ) f i n
. .

f i n a b l e a d j [ a l s o s pe lt in e a b l e ] f e r- n a-b ol
.
'
f .

f i n a l a dj ( u lt im a t e ; con clu s iv ) f a x- n ol , f a I - u i
’ ’
. .

f i n a l e n ( l a s t pa rt or s ce n e ) f 1 n o z-i r
’
. .

f i n a n c e n ( m a n a ge m e n t of m on e y , e t c ) f r n ae n s , f or- nae n s ,
' '
. .

f a x n w n s ; ( a ls o) f 1 11 w n t s e t c
’ ’
.
,

f i n a n c e v ( con d u ct f i n a n cia l op e ra t ion s ; f u r n i s h ca p it a l f or )

.

’
f x n w n s f e t n ze n s ; ( a ls o ) f r n w n t s , e t c
’ ’
, .

f i n a n ci a l a dj ( of f i n a n ce ) f 1 n w n S '
. al , f o r n aen S
'
sl .

f i n a n c i e r n ( on e s k i ld i n f in a n ce ) f ox n on s xzz f 1 n on s 1 zz ,
.
-
’ '
,

( in B r i t a i n o t e n e r ) f t
’
n,w n s i-
oz f .

f i n a n ci e r v a ct a s a f in a n cie r ; f u r n is h ca pi t a l f or [ a ls o
.

s p e l t f in a n c e e r ] f rn on 3 1 zz
' ’
f a t -n a n s r zz , .

f i n c h n ( b ir d ) f rn t S ( in B r i t a in ) f rn S
.
, .

f i n e s s e n ( d e l icacy ; sk il l ; art if is ; t r ick ) f i n e s f 1 n os

.
'
, .

f i n g r i g o n ( cli m b i n g s h r u b ) f mgz r— g o f m gz xgo

.
' '
, .

c: la w , fu ra: , ac ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 3 : a sk , or k it e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d t n s ou n i rs l on g ;
st r e s m a rk
s -
i n d i ca t e s ch1e f
s t re s s on t h e e ll ow rng syll a b l e.
 2 l2 D I CT I ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
f i n i c k i n g a dj f as t id iou s ; m in cin g ; a l s o, p a lt ry [ als o spe l t
.

fin n ic kin g ; sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s in ikin , in n ikin ] f rn x-k u j

’
f f .

f i n i s n ( t h e e n d ; c on clu s i on ) f e x-n xs
’
. .

f i n i t e a dj ( b ou n d e d ; lim it e cfl f e r-n a rt
'
. .

F i n n n Fi n la n d e r [ a ls o s p e lt F i n ] f i n
. .

f i n n a n n f in n a n - h ad d ock [ a l s o s pe l t . in n an ; sy n on y m ou s f
c og n a t e s f
in d h or n , in d r a m fin t r u m , in d on ] f m an
’
f , f .

f i n o c h i o n ( f e n n e l ) f r n e k i o, f t noo-ki-o ; ( im p r op er ly ) f r
’ '
- -
.

n oo t S
'
i- o
-
.

f i o r i n n ( w h it e or m a rsh b e n t gra ss ) f ai-a-e m

’
. .

f i o r i t e n ( si n t e r ) f coz z a rt , f e i- a-z a rt
' ’
-
. .

f i r n ( t r e e ) f uzz
. .

f i r ] : v d r iv e , f or ce [ al s o sp e lt e r k] f a zak
. f .

f i r k i n n ( s m a ll c a s k ) f oz k m
’
. .

f i r m a m e n t n ( v a u lt of h e a v e n ; t h e h e a v e n s ) f ozz - m a-m e n t
’
.
.

f i r m a n n d e cr e e , e d ict [ plu r al ir ma n s ] f e ze - m an
.
'
f .

f i s c n t re a su ry [ a l s o, m Sc ot t is h l a w sp e lt is k ] f rsk
. , f .

f i s ca l a dj ( of t h e f i sc or t r e a s u r y ) f rskol
'
. .

f i s h n [ pl u ra l is h es ; c ol l e ct i v ly
. is h ] f I S f , f .

f i s s i l e a dj cl e a v a b l e [ a l s o s pe lt is s il ] f rs rl
.
'
f .

f i s s l e v r u s s l e ; w his t l e ; f id g e t [ a l s o s p e lt is t l e ] f rsol
.
’
f .

f i s s u r a n f issu r e ; cl e f t ; s u l cu s [ plu r a l iss u r a e ] f x s cu z-a s

.
’
f .

f i s s u r a ] a d j ( of a f is s u r e ) f I S j z ol
'
-
u . .

f i s s u r e n ( cl e f t r if t ) e oz
'
. .
,

f i s t u l a n ( pip e like u l ce r ; pip e ; w i n e t u b e ) f rs t S e t Su

' ’
-
.
- u l a,
-

'
l o, f xst cu -l o .

f i x e d a dj pl a ce d f ir mly ; f a st ; f ir m ; st a b le [ a l so sp e lt ix t ]
. f
f l ks t .

f i x e d l y a d v ( in a f t i m f k x dl r
’
x a n n e r ) r
. s -
.

f i x e d n e s s n ( s t a t e of b e i n g f ix t ) f 1 k s r- d n 1 s
’
. .

f i z g i g n f r iv ol ou s w om an ; sq ui b ; gim c rack [ also S pe lt is s

. f
g ig, f
is g ig ] f rz g rg
’
.

f i z z v h i s s ; s pl u t t e r [ a l s o s pe l t fie ; p ast pa r t rc rpl e a n d p re t

.

e r 1t f
iz z e d f iz d ] f I z , .

f j o r d n a r m of t h e s e a b e t w e e n cl iff s [ a ls o s p e l t ior d, fy or d ]
. f
f cozz d f ea ze d f i ozz d
’
.
, ,

f l a c c i d a d j ( l im p ; f l a b b y ; d r oop in g) f u e ks rd ; ( er r on e ou s ly )
.
'

f xms rd
'
.

f l a g e l l a n t n ( on e w h o w h ip s or scou r ge s h im s e l f f or r e
.

l igi ou s d isci p l in ) f e md 3 1 l a n t , f L a d 3 e l on t
' ’
-
.

f l a g e l l a t e v ( scou r ge w hip ) f L aed 3 r- l e t

'
. , .

f l a g e o l e t n w in d in st ru m e n t [ a l s o s p e l t fl ag e l e t ] f L w d3 o
-
.
’

l e t f u e d 3 o l e t ; ( i m p r op e r l y ) i z a d 3 i a-l e t
’ ’
-
.
,

j ye , c cu r e ; b t h e 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sch e w ; ,

10 w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h g e v e r , 1 r e act , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , 1 i s e e ;
.

f f
0 poet1c ; a ov e r , e a e r1a l, A b ut , 0: d oor , s o n o, o b e d , e e g at e ;
21 4 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
f l i e r n s ee ly er
. f .

f l i g h t n ( a ct ion of fl y in g ; se r ie s of st a i r s ) f e en t
. .

f l i g h t n ( act ion of f l e e in g ; h a s t y d e pa rt u r e ) f u nt
. .

f l i m s y a dj ( f ra il ; pa lt ry ) f u m z x; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) f m m s x,
' '
.

’
f u m ps x .

f l i n c h v ( giv e w ay ; s h r in k ; w in ce ) f u n t S ( a ls o, a n d i n
.
,

B r i t a in n or m a lly ) f L I n S .

f l i p p a n t a dj ( t a lk a t iv a n d f orw a r d ) f m pa n t
’
. .

f l i t c h n ( sid e of b a c on ; h a li b u t s t e a k ; p la n k sl ab ) f m t S
.
, .

f l o a t a g e n a ct i on of f l oa t i n g ; fl ot s a m ; f l oa ti n g v e s s e l s c ol
.

l e ct iv ly ; b u oy a n cy ; th a t pa r t of a s h ip a b ov e t h e w a t e r -lin e
[ a l s o sp e l t l o t a g ]e
’
f L oo t ds
- x
f .

f l o c ci n ( pl ur a l of fl occu s ) f L ok- s a r
'
.

f l o c c o s e a d j f L o koos ( ass u m pt iv ly ) f L O - kos

’
.
, .

f l o e on l os e a dj f L ok cu l oos ( a ss u m ptiv ly ) f L okcu - l os

' ’
. .
,

f l o oe n s n f l ock t u f t [ pl u r a l l occ i ] f L oka s

.
’
, f .

f l o e n ( sh e e t of f loa t i n g ic e ; ice - f l u e ) f L oo
. .

f l ook a n n cr os s -cou r s e of cl a y [ a l s o s pe lt l u c a n ; s y n on y
. f
m ou s cogn a t e fl ookin g ] f L uu - kan
’
.

f l o o r n h ow h as .
, .

f l or a n t h e t ot a l o f t h e p l a n t li f e of a r e gi on or p e r iod [ pl ur
.

al f ’
lor a e, lor as ] f L oz-z a f .

f l o r a l a dj ( of a f l ow e r or fl ow er s ; of a f l or a ) f L oz- z ol ; ( i m
.
’

p r op e r ly ) f L oz ol
’
.

Fl o r e n t i n e a dj ( of Fl ore nce , It a ly ) f L oz on t in f L oz on - t m
' '
.
-
, ,

f L oz e n - t a m
’
.

f l or e s c e n c e n ( fl ow e rin g ; fl ow e r s coll e ct iv ly ) f L o z e s a n s
’
.
,

f L o z e sa n s
'
.

f l or e t n ( l it t l e fl ow e r ; fl ow e r e t ) f L oz-a t
’
. .

f l o r i a t e d a dj d e cor a t e d w it h fl ora l or n a m e n t [ a l s o s pe lt
.

f l or e a t e d ] f L oz- z i- e t rd
’
.

f L oz z x k A l t S
’
f l o r i cu l t u r e n f L oz x kA l t S
’
az ; f L oz x k A l t coz
’
- -
az -
.
, .

f l or i d a dj ( f l ow e r y ; r os y ; b l oom in g ) f L oz xd ; ( im p r op e r ly )
'
.

f L oz- z rd
'
.

f l o r i d i t y n ( f l or id n e ss ) f L o z xd r t r, f L o z rd x t x, f L o z xd x-t x
' ' '
- -
. .

f l o r i n n ( g ol d c oin ) f L oz m ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) f L oz- e m
' ’
. .

f l o r i s t n ( f l ow e r gr ow e r f l ow e r d e al e r ) f L oa s t , f L oz-Z I St
' '
.
- -
, .

f l os s n ( f l os s - si l k ; s t u ff ) f L ozs ( r a r e ly ) f L B S
.
, .

f l o t a t i on n a ct ion of fl oat in g [ al s o spe lt l oa t a t i on ] fl o t e e

.
’
f
Son .

fl ot s a m n. fl oa t in g w r e ck a ge [ al s o , f or m e rly , s pe l t f l ot m
sa ,

fl o t s a m , fl ots om e , fl ots am ; s y n ony m ou s cogn a t e flot s on ]

f L ot s a m
'
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e
ye , 9 t hi n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; ,

10 w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act 0 u ll , ou ool , I i t , l l s e e ;
.

. f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor, s o n o, e b e d , e e ga t e .
 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 2 15

f l o u r n ( f in e m e a l ; p ow d e r ) fl ouz
. .

f l o w n ( s t r e a m in g ; cu r r e n t ) f L O O
. .

f l o w e r n ( b l oss om ) f L ou az , ( of t e n ) c uz
’ '
-
. .

flu e n . f i s h i n g-n e t
, f l u e -n e
t [ a l s o sp e lt f l ew ] f L uu .

f l u e n f l occu l e n t sub s t a n c e , as d ow n ; f lu ff [ a ls o spe l t fl ew ]

.

f L uu .

f l u e n ( a d uct , a s i n a ch im n e y ) f L O ll
. .

f l u e n ( t h e f lu ke of a n a n ch or or h arp oon ) f L uu
. .

( e a sy f ow ; r e a d e s s of u tt a ce )
’
flu e n cy n . l in e r n f L u u - u
e sx -
.

f lu i ( f ow g ; liq ui d o ga e ou )
i f - d
'
d a dj l . n r s s L u u x .

f l u k e n f l a t fi s h ; w or m [ a ls o sp e l t fl ook] f L U l l k
. .

f l u k e n ( t r ia n gu l ar pla t e on t h e a r m of a n a n ch or ; b a r b d
.

h e ad ) f L u u k .

f l u m e n ( art if icial w at e r-ch a n n e l ; ravin e w it h a s t r e a m i n

.

it ) f L u u m .

f l u n k y n m a le s e r v an t i n liv e ry [ also spe lt fl u n ke y ; plu r a l

.

fl u n k ies flu n k eys ] f L A q

,
'
.

f l u or e s c e n s e n ( s e l f -lu m in os it y u n de r t h e d ire ct a ct i on o f
.

l u m i n ou s a n d u lt r a v i ole t r a y s ) f L u -a z e sa n s
’
.

f l u or i c a d j ( of f l u or or f l u or s p a r ) f L u oz xk
'
-
. .

f l u o r i d e n com p ou n d [ a l s o s om e t im e s, sp e lt fl u or id ] f z u u ~
’
. .
,
'
e z ai d
-
, f L uu a-z xd -
.

f l u o r i n e n e le m e n t [ al s o s om e t i m e s, spe lt f l u or in ] f L u u -a
'
. ,

em f L u u - a-z a m
’ ’
f L uu -a -z i n , .

f l u or s p a r n ( f lu or it e , f lu or ) f L uu -oz -spu zz
- ’
. .

f l u t e n ( w in d -in s t ru m e n t ) f L uu t
. .

f l u v i a t i l e a dj of a riv e r or r iv e r s [ also sp e l t fl u v ia til ]

. .

f L u u -v i-e t t l
’
-
.

f l u x i b l e a dj ( f lu id ; fu sib l e ; fl u ct u a t in g ) f L A ksa b al
'
-
. .

f l y n w in ge d in se ct [p l u ra l fl ies ] f u n
. .

f l y n a ct of f lyin g ; f ligh t ; l igh t ca r r iage [ p lu ra l fl ie s b u t m

.
,

t h e s e n se o f ca rri age fly s ] f e a r , .

f l y e r n b ir d , i n se ct , or m a n t h a t f lie s ; f ly in g-m a ch in e [ a l so
.

s p e l t f l ie r ] fe ni-s e
’
.

f o a l n ( colt f illy ) f ool

. , .

f o c a l i s e v f ocu s [ a l s o spe lt foca lis e ] foo-ka-l a xz

.
'
.

f o ci n ( p lu r a l of f ocu s ) f oo- s a r
.
'
.

f o c u s n p oin t of con v e rge n ce ; ce n t e r of act iv it y [ pl u ra l f oci,

.

focu s es focu ss e s ] foo-kas

,
’
.

f o c u s v con ve rge [ p r e s e n t p a rt rc rple f ocu s in g f ocu s si n g ;

.
,

p a s t pa rt rcrpl e a n d pre t e r 1 t foc u s e d f oc us s e d , f oc u s t ] foo

- ’
,

k os .

f o e t u s n f xi-t as s e e fe tu s
’
. . .

c: law , f u r,
9 : c ca t , o
a h ot ,
b oy ; a : f ar , 00 n ow , a: a s k 8 ! k i t e ;
or ,

l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d xn s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
st r ess ma r k
-
1 n d1ca t es ch1e f
st re ss on th e al low i n g s ylla bl e.
 DICTION A R Y O F H ARD WORD S
f o g y n old -f as h i on d pe r s on ; ou t -of- da t e r [ a l s o s p e lt ogey ;
. f
p l u r a l o g ife s ]
’
f o o-
gr .

f ii h n n w a r m d ry s out h w in d i n t h e v al le ys of t h e n ort h e rn
.

A lp s [ a l s o sp e l t oe h n , fou l f s zn f '

f ol i a c e ou s a d j ( l e a f-lik e ) f ol i c o-S
'
. as .

f o l i a g e n ( le a f a ge ) foo l i rds ; ( r a r e ly ) fool -i rds

' '
- -
. .

f o l i o n l e a f of p a p e r, e t c ; b ook -le a f ; p ag e - n u mb e r [ plu ral

. .

f ol ios ] f oo-l i - o, f ool j o

’ ’
-
.

f o m e n t n ( w a r m l ot ion ; f om e n t at ion ) foo-m e n t

’
. .

f o m e n t v ( b a t h e w it h w a rm l ot i on s ; che r is h ; i n st igat e ) f o
.

m e nt
'
.

f o m e n t a t i o n n f om an t e e - S
'
an . .

f on t n ( b a s in f or b a pt is m al w a t er ; f ou n t , f ou nt ain ) f on t
. .

f o n t n ( t h e a ct or p r oce ss of cast in g ; f ou n d in g ; al s o, a
.

f ou n t or com pl e t e a ss ort m e n t of t y pe of an y on e f ace ) f on t

, .

f o n t a n e l n a s p ace b e t w e e n b on e s or m u scl e s ; a n ou t le t f or
.

t h e d isch a r ge of p u s [ a l s o spe lt on t a n e l l e ; syn on ym ous cog f

n a t e f on t in e l ] f on t a n e l
'
.

f on t i n e l n ( lit t l e f ou n t or f ou n t ain ; also, f on t a n e l ) f on t t

.
'

n el .

f o o d n ( a l i m e n t ; v ict u al s ) f uu d
. .

f o o t n p e d a l e xt r e m it y ; b a se ; m e asu r e ; gr ou p of s y llab le s
.

f
[ pl u r a l e e t a n d , I n t h e se n s e of b ot t om s , d r e gs , f ool s ] fu t
, .

f o p p e r y n ( c ox com b ry , d a n d y is m ) f opo- z x
’
. .

f o r p r e p ( r e p re s e n t i n g ; in f a v or of ; w it h a v ie w t o, e t c )
. .

f e ze , ( w h e n l e ss s tr e s t ) f e z , f e z f z , .

f o r con j ( f or t h e r e a s on t h a t , b e cau s e , s in ce ) f ozz , ( w h e n l ess

.

s t r e s t ) f oe , f e z .

f o r a g e n ( f od d e r , pr ov e n d e r ) f oz xd s
’
. .

f o r a m e n n or if ice , h ol e [ pl u r a l or a m in a ] f a z e e -m cn
.
’
f .

f o r a m i n a n ( p l u r a l of or a m e n ) f a z a m r- n a
.
’
f .

f o r a m i n i f e r o u s a dj ( h a v i n g f or a m i n a ) f a- z ae m x m fa-z as
.
'
.

f o r a y n ( a ct of f or a gin g ; a ra id ) f o s e , f o s s e
' '
-
. .

f or b a d v ( pr e t e r 1 t of or b i d ) faz b x d , f az b a zd
.
’ '
f .

f o r b a d e v f az b a d f az b e e d
’
.
’
sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s
, ,or b a d . f ,

f o r b e a r n f or e f a t h e r , a n ce s t or [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e
.
or e f
b e a r ] f oz b e zz
’ '
f ozz b e ze ; f oz b e zz
’
-
.
,

f o r b e a r v r e f r a in [ p a st p a r t rc rpl e
. or b orn e ; p r e t e r 1 t f or f
b or e ] f oz b e zz f az b e tz
' ’
.
,

f o r b i d v b i d n ot t o d o ; p r oh ib it [ p a s t part rcrple or b i d d en ,
. f
f or b id ; p r e t e r 1 t or b a d f
or b a d e ] f az b rd
’
, f .

f o r b y p r ep h a r d b y n e a r ; pa st ; b e s id e s [ a ls o s pe lt or bye ;
. , f
s y n o n y m ou s cog n a t e or e b y ] f az b a r
’
f .

j ye , c cu re ; b t he 9 t hin ; 3 a u re d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe t Sc he w ;
,
z , ,

w w he n ; i) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r 1 re a ct 0 f ull uu f ool I it t i se e ;
,
.

, , , ,

0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a: d oor, s o n o, 8 b ed , s o gat e ;
 DICTION A R Y O F H A RD WO R DS

) fae f azz
’ '
f or e r u n n e r n .
( on e w ho ru ns b e f ore : sign u naz ,
z a n az .

f o r e s a i d a d j ( a f orsa id ) f ozr -se d

'
. .

f or e s h a d o w r ( p re f igu re forec ast ) faz S a da

'
. . .

f o r e s h a d o w a ( s ha d ow cas t b e fore ; a n t et ype ) f ozz -S u b

'
. .

f or e s t n ( w ood : w ood la n d d is t rict ) foz xs t ; ( d ial ect all y )

'
.

f oz a s t
'
.

f o r e v e r od e ( f or e v e r : a lw a ys ) f az e v az , f oz e vae ; ( some
' '
.

- '
t i m e s ) t e l e v e r ( r ap id ly o t e n ) fs e v az . . f .

f o r e w o m a n n h e a d w om a n a s i n a sh op [pl ural f orm m s n]

. .

'
fa zz -
w u-
n an .

f or e w o r d n ( p re fa ce ) faze -w n zz d
'

. .

f o r f e i t n fi n e pe n a l t v [ a ls o s pe lt orf it ] f e z fxt
. .
'
f .

f o r f e n d e f orb id : a v e rt ; secu re [ sy n ony m ou s cogna t e for c

.

f c n d ] for fe n d
'

f or g a t h e r e n c ou n t e r : m e e t ; ass e m b l e [ syn onym ous cog

n a t e f or cg a t l w r ] f or gte o
’
a
-
f or g e ( s m it h y : h e a rt h ) f e ; e ds .

f or g e a b l e a dj ( ca pa b le of b e in g forge d ) faze -dp -b ol

'
. .

f o r g e r n ( m a k e r : on e w h o f orge s m e t a l ; cou n t e r feit e r) fozz

.
’

d saz .

f or g e r y n forge d d ocu m e n t : f or gi n g [ plu ra l org er ies ] faze

.
'
f '

d so r l ( r a pid ly ) f a ze d sr t z ( im p r op e r ly ) f e ze -d so-fl
' '
- -
. .

f or g e t t ( l os e r e m e m b ra n ce of e t c ) f o ge t
'
' e
.
. . .

f or g o t g o b y w it h ou t cl a i m i n g : r e n ou n ce ; q u it [ syn ony
'
.

m ou s c og n a t e f a r e g o ] f or g ao
'
.

f or g o n e a ( p a st p a r t 1 e 1 p l e of orgo) f oz gozn
"
.
’
f
f or j u d g e t e xc l u d e ou s t or d is p oss e ss b y a J udgment ; for
'
. . .

m e r l y p r ohib it con d e m n j u d icia lly [ s y n on ym ous cogna t e

. .

for e j u dg e ] f or d sa d s
'
.

f o r k e d a dj [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e l t for k t ] f e zz kt fe ze-kxd
.
,
’
.
, .

f o r l o r n a dj ( h op e l e s s d e s ola t e w r e t ch e d ) f az l ozz n
'
. . . .

f o r m n ( s h a p e e t c ) f ozr m : ( d ia l e ct a l ly ) f c zm
. . . .

f o r m a l i z e v m a k e f or m a l [ a l s o s p e l t or ma l is e ] fe zz -ma-l axs .
.
'
f
f o r m a l l y a dv ( in a f or m a l m a n n e r ) fe ze - m a -i r
'
. .

f o r m a t n ( s h a p e a n d s i z e of a b ook ) f or m u :
'
.

f o r m a t e n ( s a l t of f or m ic a c id ) f u zz m e t f e ze -m ot
' '
.
-
. .

f o r m e r l y a d v ( a t a f or m e r t im e ; in t im e past ; of old ; b ere

.

f
t o or e )
’
f o zz -
m a z -
ir .

f or m i c a ) f m ka
’
n ( t h e a n t .oe a t -
.

f o r m i c a n a dj ( of t h e a n t ) f e ze m r k an f oz m s t -kon
’ ’
- -
.
, .

f or m i d a b l e a dj ( h a r d t o d e a l w i t h e t c .
)
'
f e ze -m x
d a -bol
,
, .

( r a p i d l y)
’
f o z m d a -
b a l : ( v u l g a r l y) f oe
'
m t d o -
b al .

j c
ye , cu r e : a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d s j oy ;
Ss h oe , t sch e w ; .

f f
.

w w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act 0 u ll , ou ool , I it , xi see

; .

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e c e r1 a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 3 b ed , s e gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 2 19

f orm u l a n . se t f or m of w ord s ; ru l e ; re cip e [ pl u r a l for m u l ae,

f or m u la s ]
’
fe ze m j u -l a
-
.

f orm u lize v .
( a l s o, f o r m e r ly , s p e l t or m u l is e ]
'
f e ze -
mj u -l
s xz f .

f or p rise v . t a k e ou t ; e x ce pt , r e se r v [ sy n ony m ou s cogna t e

f
or e p r iz e ] f oz ps a xz
’
.

( imp r op er ly) f az
’
f o r s o ot h a d v ( in t ru t h ; t ru ly) f az sq . ;
s uu o
'
.

f or sp en d v . s pe n d com pl e t e l y ; e x h au st [ sy n on y m ous cog

nate fo r es p end ] f oz
’
sp e n d .

f o r s w e a r v ( r e j e ct w it h a n oa t h ; a b j u r c ) f oz sw e zz
’
. .

f o r t n ( f ort r e s s s t r on g h old ) fozz t

.
, .

f o r t a l i c e n s m a ll f ort or ou t w ork [ a ls o s pe lt f or t a lis ] f ozz

’
.

t e -h s .

f o r t e n t ha t i n w h ich on e e xce ls ; t h e st r on g p oin t of a pe r

.

s on ; a l s o t h e s t r on ge s t p a r t of a s w or d - b l a d e a s oppose d
, ,

t o t h e f oib l e [ a ls o, f or m e r ly , s pe lt or t ] fozz t f .

f o r t e a dj ( w it h f orce l ou d ) fozz - t l
’
. .
,

f o r t h c o m i n g a d j ( a b ou t t o com e f ort h ) f ozz O ka m m, ( as

’
.

s u m p t iv ly ) f o zz e k A m m
’
-
.

f o r t h r i g h t a d v ( d i re ct ly f or w a r d ; s t ra igh t w a y ) fozz O -z art ,

’
.

’
f ozz e z a xt .

f o r t h r i g h t a dj ( p r oce e din g d ire ct ly f or w a rd ; st ra igh t f or

.

w a rd )
’
f ozz O - e n l t .

f o r t h r i g h t n ( s t r a ig h t cou r s e ) f ozz O -z a l t’
. .

f o r t h w i t h a d v ( i m m e d ia t e l y ; a t on ce ) f o w xo, fo w , ’ '
.

( i o f
’
y) f
’
a n t e r o r l ozz O w x o zz e-
w le -
, .

f o r t i e t h a d j f oe t i- a O
'
. .

f o r t i s s i m o a d j ( v e ry l ou d ) foz t l s x-m o
'
. .

f o r t n i g h t n ( f ou r t e e n n igh t s ; t w o w e e k s ) f e et - n a rt , f e z t
.
' ’

m t f oz t m t
'
, .

f or t r e s s n ( f or t i f ie d p la ce ; s t r on gh old ) f oz t rxs
.
’
.

f o r t u i t ou s a d j ( ch a n ce a ccid e n t a l , ca su a l ) f oz t cuu - 1 -t os
.
’
, .

f or t u n e n ( ch a n ce h a p lu ck ; w e a lt h ) foz t Sa n ( ol d e r )
.
’
, , ,
'
f oz t can .

f o r t y a dj ( f ou r t im e s t e n ) foz t r
’
. .

f o r u m n ( m a r k e t pla ce ; cou rt t r ib u n al ) foz-z am

.
-
’
, .

f o r w a r d a d j a d v n
’
f e ze -
w oz d.
, .
, . .

f o r w a r d v ( h e lp f or w a r d ; a ss i st ; se n d f orw a r d ; sh ip ) f e ze
.
’

w oz d ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) f oz w o zz d
’
.

f o s s n ca n a l d it ch ; p it f os sa [ a l s o s p e lt oss e ] f e zs , ( r ar e ly )
.
, , f
f os .

f o s s a n pit ca v it y f os s [ p lu r a l os sa e ] f osa
.
,
'
, f .

f o s s i l a d j ( d u g u p ; a n t iq u a t e d ) f e s l i
’
. .

or l a w , a:fu r , a: c a t , 0 h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a sk , a t ki t e
, or
l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ,

st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow xn g syl l a b l e .
220 DI CTION ARY O F HA RD W ORD S

f o s s i l i z e v [ a ls o sp e l t oss il is e ] f os x-l a rz
. f ’
.

f o s t e r v ( n u r s e ; c h e r is h ; p r om ot e ) foz st uz , f e st ae
’ ’
-
. .

f ou g h t v ( p as t pa rt rc rpl e a n d pr e t e r 1 t of igh t ) fczt

. f .

f o u l a dj ( off e n s iv ; u n f ai r ) f ou l
. .

f o u l l y a dv ( i n a f oul m a n.n e r )
’
f oul -h
.

f ou n d r y n [ y s n o n y m ou s c go .n a t e o u n d er y]
'
f uu n —dt x f .

f ou n t n ( f ou n t a i n ; s ou r ce ) fou n t
. .

f o u n t n ( a f on t or com pl et e a ss ort m e n t of t yp e of any one

.

f ace ) fou n t .

f ou n t a i n n ( ) . s pr in g, e t c .
’
fu u n t m , -
'
foun t n -
.

f o u r a dj n ( n u m e r a l ) fuzz
., . .

f ou r c h e t t e n ( f or k e t c ) f uz S
’
et .
, . .

f o u r s c or e a dj ( f ou r t im e s t w e n ty ) fuzz sku zz , ( assu mptiv ly )

’
.

'
fuzz sk uzz -
.

f -t i n
'
a j )
’
f ou tr e e n d n f uz t 1 i n (a n t er i or ly; . b
, y c on t r.as t u zz ,
.

fo v e a n d e p r e ss i o
.n p i t [p l u r a l f o v e a e ]
'
f uo -v i u
,
-
.

f ov e o l a n s m a ll f ov e a [ pl ur a l f ove ol a e ] f o v xi-u-l u
’
. .

f o v e o l a t e a dj ( h a v in g f ov e ol a e ; pitt e d ) f uo-v i-u-l et , ( l ess

'
.

of t e n ) f o v xi u l e t
’
- -
.

f o w l n ( b i r d ) f ou l
. .

f o y e r n ( r e t ir in g r oom or l obb y in a t h ea t e r ) f w d J e e , fine

.
-

’
j ee, ( l e ss p r op er ly ) ’
f uo-j uz .

f r a c a s n ( d ist u rb a n ce ; r ow ) fs e e kus , ( l e ss of te n ) fsa ku

'
- '

f s a ko
’

f r a c t i o u s a dj ( u n ru ly ) fs ae k S
’
us . .

f r a e n u l u m n s e e f r e n u lu m . .

f r a g i l e a d j li a b l e t o b r e a k [ a ls o s om e t im e s , spe lt fr agil ]
.
,

fsw d sl l ( r a r e ly ) fs ze d sa xl
’ ’
-
.
,

f r a g m e n t a l a d j ( f r a g m e n t a r y ) fs aeg m e n t l fs a g m un -t i
’ ’
. .
,

f r a g m e n t a r y a dj ( com p os e d of f r a gm e n t s ) fsa gm un -t e e r ;
’
.

( l e s s p r op e r l y ) f s ze g m e n tu Z I
'
-
.

f r a g r a n t a dj ( s w e e t s m e l l i n g ) fs e c ge a n t
’
- -
. .

f r a m a b l e a dj ca p ab l e of b e i n g f ra m e d [ a ls o spe lt fr am e ab l c]
.

fs e e m u b ul
’
- -
.

f r a n c n c oin [ a l s o f or m e r ly s p e lt fr a n k] fsae nk
.
, , .

f r a n ch i s e n ( f r e e d o m ; p r i v i l e
.
g ;e c it i z e n s hi p)
’
f s a zn S
-t a t z
,
’
fs atn t S fs a zn t SI z fs ae n t SI z
’ ’
-
al z ;
-
, .

f r a n c h i s m e n t n ( e n f r a n ch i se m e n t ) fs a zn t SI S m un t fs a zn
’ ’
- -
.
,

fs a zn t Sa I z - m un t fs ae n t S fsa n t S rz -m un t ,
'
tS I z m un t rs m un t ,
’ ’
- - -
, ,

fs w n -t S a l z m un t
’
-
.

f r a n c o l i n n ( p a r t r id ge ) f s aenk u l m
’
-
. .

f r a n g i b l e a dj ( b r e a k a b l e ) fs ae n d su b ul
'
-
. .

f r a n g i p a n e n ( p e r fu m e e t c ) f s ze n d 3 1 p e n
’
-
. . .

l ye , <2 cu r e ; a t he , 9 t hin ; 3 az u r e . d 3 j oy ; t Sc h e w ;
Ss hoe ,

w w he n ; 1) S ng ; i u w h oe v e r 1 r e a ct 0 ,
.

, fu ll ou , f
ool , I i t , xi s ee ;
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , a b u t 3 : d oor , , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
222 D I C TIO N AR Y O F HARD W ORD S

f r e n z y n d i s t ra ct ion ; cr a z i n e ss [ als o, f orm e rly , s pe l t fr en sy,

.

p h r e ns y, p hr e n sy ] fs e n z x
'
.

f r e q u e n t a dj ( fu l l ; n u m e rou s ; usu al ; a dd ict e d t o) fs ri

’
.

kw a n t .

f r e q u e n t v ( v isit oft e n ; r e s ort t o) f s xk w e n t

'
. .

f r e q u e n t a g e n ( p ra ct i s of f re q u e n t in g) fe ri-kw un -t t ds, f s r
’
.

’
kw e n t 1 d3 .

f r e q u e n t a t i v e a dj e xp r e ssiv of f re q u e nt re p e t it ion of s e .

’
f
t i on [ a l s o s p e l t r e q u e n t a t i v ] fs x kw e n t u-t w .

f r e q u e n t e r n ( on e w h o f re q u e n t s ) fs t kw e nt uz
’
. .

f r e q u e n t l y a d v ( a t f r e q u e n t i n t e rv a ls ; of t e n ) fs xi-kw un -t u
.
’
.

f r e s c o n w a t e r col or p a i n t in g on a f r e s h or w e t w a ll , e t c
.
-
.

[p l u r a l r e s c os r f
e s c o e s ]
’
fs e s k u,
’
f efe s -k
o , .

f r e s c o v ( pa i n t i n f r e sco) fs e s k u
.
’
.

f r e s i s o n n f if t h m ood of t h e f ou rt h f igu re of syll ogis m

.

m f
’
[ y f
’
s n o n y o u s c og n a t e r e n s is o n ] f s r s a x- un
s s x sa x-
se n ,
.

f r e t n in t e r l ace d w ork ; n e t [ a l s o, f or m e r ly , sp e l t fr e t t e ]
.

fe e t .

f r e t f u l a dj ( a p t t o f r e t ; p e e v i s h ; t r ou b le d ; gu s ty ) fact ful
’
. .

f r e t t e n ( a r i n g or b a n d a r ou n d a ca n n on ) fs e t
. .

f r i a r n b r ot h e r of a r e l ig iou s ord e r ; b i rd [ a lso, f orm er ly,

.

s p e lt f r i e r ] fs a i uz f s a rz
’
.
,

f r i c a n d e a u n f r ica ss e e of v e a l ; coll op [ plu ral fric an d e au x ]

.

’
f s xkun d u o .

f r i c a s s e e n ( m e a t d is h ) fs rk u s xi ( a n t er i or ly ) fs rku— si
’ '
. .
,

F r i d a y n ( d a y of t h e w e e k ) fs a r d x
’
-
. .

f r i e n d n ( in t im a t e ; a lly ) fs e n d
. .

fs xi gun s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s Fr is ia n
’
F r i e si a n n fs xi z i ou
'
- - -
.
, . .

f r i e z e n ( t h a t p a r t of a n e n t a b l a t u r e w h ic h is b e t w e e n t h e
.

a r c h i t ra v e and cor n i s [ a l s o f or m e rly s pe lt fr i se fr is e ] , , ,

fs riz .

f r i g h t n ( su d d e n f e a r ; g r ot e sq u e p e rs on or t h in g ) fs a rt
. .

f r i j o l e s n pl ( M e x ica n k id n e v b e a n s ) fs i huo l iz
’
- -
. . .

f r i s e u r n h a ir d re s s e r [ a l s o s p e l t f r iz e u r ] f s i z s zz
’
. .

F r i s i a n n n a t iv o f Fr i e s la n d ; Fr ie s e [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e
.

] fs xsu n f s rz i ou
’ ’
Fr i e s ia n ,
-
.

f r i v ol i t y n ( l e v it y ) f s x v ol I t r
'
-
. .

f r i v ol i z e v re n de r r iv ol ou s [ a ls o s p e lt fr iv ol is e ] fs rv u
.
’
f
l a rz .

f
f r i s e t t e n s m al l r iz ; cu rl y b a n g [ a l s o s p e lt r is e t t e , fr is e t t ]
. f
’
fs x z e t .

f r i s s v cu rl , cr i sp e t c [ a l s o s p e l t r iz ; p as t pa r t rc rp l e a n d
. , . f
f
p r e t e r 1 t r iz z e d f r iz d ] fs rz ,
.

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 0t hi n ; 3 a u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sch e w ;
,
z

w w h e n , 1) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I it , I i s e e ; f f
u p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , u : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 223

f r ol i c [ p re se n t p a rt 1 c 1 p l e fr olickin g ; p a st pa rt rc rple a nd
v .

p r e t e r 1 t fr ol ic k e d fr oli c t ] fs ol xk
’
.
,

f r o l i c s o m e a dj fu ll of f r ol ic ; ga y [ a l s o, f orm e rly sp e l t fr ol
.
,

i c ks om e ] fs e l xk -s um
'
.

f r o m p r e p fs um , ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) fs um
. .

f r o n d o s e a dj ( cov e r e d w it h f ron d s ; f rond-l ik e ) f s on duos,

’
.

’
( a ss u m p t i v ly) f s o n d
- os .

f r o n s n f ore h e a d , f r on t [ p l u r a l r on t es ] fs on z
. f
f r o n t a l a dj ( of t he f or e h e a d ; of t h e f r on t ) fS A n t i , f s on tl ;
'
.

f s a n t ul f s e n t ul
' '
.
,

f r o n t a t e a dj ( gr ow in g b r oa d e r a n d b r oa d e r , as a l e a f ; h a v
.

i n g a p r om i n e n t f r on s or f or e h e a d ) f s a n - t e t , fs on -t e t
’ ’
.

’
f r o n t i e r n , v ( b ord e r, e t c ) fs xn -t xzz , fs on -t rzz , f s an t rzz ,
' '
. . .

f s on t xzz , f s on - t cxzz
’ ’
.

f r o n t i e r s m a n n [ plu r a l r on t ie r s m e n ] fs a n -t xzz z m un , fs on
.
’
-
f '

t r zz z m un , fz un t xzz z - m un
’
-
.

f r o n t i s p i e c e n ( f a ca d e ; pr in t in f ron t of t h e t it le of a
.

b ook ) f s a n t xs-p xis , fs on t xs - p xi s

' ’
.

f r o n t l e t n ( s om e t h i n g w or n on t he f ore h e a d ) fs a nt l ut
’
. .

f r o n t on n ( p e d im e n t ) f s xn t u n fs on -t on
' '
.
, .

f r o n t on a s a l a dj ( n a s of r on t a l ) f s on t u n e e -z ul
’
. .

f r ost n ( f re e.z i n g; b oa r -
f rost ) fs ozst , fs ost ; ( d iale ctally)
fs c zs t .

f r o t h n ( f oa m , spu m e ) fs oze fac O ; ( d ia l e ct a lly ) fs c ze

.
, .

f r ow n Du t ch w om a n ; w om a n ; w if e [ a ls o, f orm e rly s om e
. ,

t im e s sp e lt fr o
,
r oe ] f s o u fs uo, f , .

f r o w a r d a dj ( p e rv e rse ) fs uo ue d fs uo-w ee d
' ’
-
. .
,

f r o w s y a dj ill- s m e ll in g ; u n k e m pt , b l ow z y [ also spe lt r ow sy,

. f
f r ou z y r o u sy ]
,
f ’
fz ou- z x .

f r u c t i f e r o u s a d j ( b e a r i n g f ru it ) f s a k t t f u-z us
’
. .

f r u i t n ( v e g e t a b l e p r od u ct s col l e ct iv ly ; s e e d , e t c ; offs pri n g ;

. .

i s s u e ; r e s u l t ) f s uu t .

f r u i t i o n n ( e n j oy m e n t ; a com i n g in t o f ru it ) f s u rS
’
. un .

f r u m e n t y n h u ld - w h e a t d i s h [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s fr u
.

m e ty , f
u r m e n ty , u r m e ty ]
’
f
f s uu -m un -t x .

f r u s t u m n pa rt of a s ol id l e f t a ft e r cu t ti n g of f t h e t op ;
.

f ra g m e n t [e rr on e ou s sy n on y m ou s cog na t e fr us tr u m ; p lu ra l
f rus ta r u s t u ms]
, f ’
fs a st u m .

f r u t i c o s e a d j ( of t h e n a t u r e of a f r u t e x or s hru b ; sh rub b y )
.

f s u t x k uos ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) fs u u t x- k os
’ ’
-
, .

f i uu Si u, f ou k -si-u
'
f u c h s i a n ( s h ru b ) f i u u S
’ '
.
-
u - -
.
,

f u c h s i n n a n il in d y e [ a l s o s p e l t u chs in e ] f uu k-s m
.
'
f .

f u c u s n s e a w e e d [ pl u r a l u c i] fiuu - k us
.
’
f .

c: l aw , fu r
a: , ae ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , s o n ow , 8 : a sk , or ki t e ;
h ot , or
h
l e n gt m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g sou n d 1 3 l on g ;
st e s
r s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h ie f
s t r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rng syll a b l e.
 22 4 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
f u d g e in t e rj ( b u s h ! ) f a d s . .

f u d g e v ( p a t ch u p ; f a k e ) f a d s
. .

f u e l v f u r n is h w it h fu e l [ p ast pa rt 1 c1 pl e a n d p re t er 1t fue l
.

f
l e d, u e l e d, fu e l d ] f iou -ul
'
.

f u g a t o n pie ce i n fu gu e st yl e [ pl u ra l u ga t i] fu gu z-t u
.
’
f .

f u g l e m a n n m od e l or le a d in g s ol d ie r [ a l s o spe lt f u ge l ma n ;
.

s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s fl u gl e m a n , l uge l ma n ; plura l fu gl e f

m e n ] f iuu - gul - m un
'
.

f u g u e n ( poly ph on ic com p os it i on ) f iuu g

. .

f u l c r u m n p r op , su pp ort [ plu ral u lcra, u lcr u ms ] f Al ks um

.
'
f f .

f u l f i l v f ill f u l l ; c om p l e t e [ a l s o sp e lt u l ill ; p re se nt pa rt 1
. f f
cip l e f f
u l ill in g ; p as t pa r t rc rpl e a n d pre t e r1 t u l ill e d, f ul f f
fil d ] f ul f rl
’
.

f u l f i l m e n t n f ul f xl m un t
’
. .

f u l g e n t a dj ( s hi n i n g d a z z lin g ; h av in g ra ys ) f A l dsant
’
. .
,

f u l g i d a dj ( f l as h in g ; f ie ry r e d ) fA l dsxd
’
. .

f u l g o r n a f la s h i n g l igh t ; d a z z lin g b ri ght n e ss ; splen dor [ al

.

s o sp e lt u l g ou r ] f ’
fA l guz .

f u l l -b l o o d e d a d j f ul b l A d rd ( as su m pt iv ly ) f ul-b l a d rd
’ '
. , .

f u l m a r n ( se a b i rd ) f ul m uz , fA l m uz
’ ’
-
. .

f u l m i n a t e v ( l ig h t e n ; t hu n d e r f or t h ) f A l m r-n e t
’
. .

f u l m i n e v fu l m i n a t e [ a l s o s p e l t f u l m i n ; p as t pa rt rcrple ful
.

m in e d f u l m in d ] f A l m m
’
.
,

f u l n e s s n s t a t e of b e in g f u ll ; c om ple t e n e ss [ als o spe lt ful l

.

n e ss ] f ul n l s
’
.

f u l s o m e a dj ( off e n siv gr os s coa r s e ) f a l sum

’
. .
, ,

f u m a r i c a dj ( of f u m it or y ) fi u m azz xk
’
. .

f u m a r o l e n s m ok e h ol e [ a l s o sp e lt f um a r ol, u m er ol e ] fiuu
-
.
'
f
m u- z ol .

f u m e t n d u n g of a d e e r [ a l s o, f or m e rl y , s p e lt e w m e t ] fi ou
.
’
f
met .

f u m e t t e n ( ob s ol e t e ) s m e l l of ga m e w h e n h igh ; ga m e -fl a
.

v or [ a l s o s p e lt f u m e t ] f i u m e t
'
.

f u m i g a t e v ( a pp l y f u m e s t o ; d is in f e ct ; pe r fu m e ) f iuu m r
’
-
.

ge t .

f u m o s e a dj ( fu l l of fu m e s ) fiu m uos ( ass u m pt iv ly ) fiou

’ ’
. ,

m os .

f u n e b r a l a dj ( s
o b o l e t e )
’
f i o u
.
-
m -
b z ul f i u
’
n xi -
b z al , . sa m e
m e a n 1 n g a s u n e br ia l f .

f u n e b r i a l a dj of f u n e r a l s ; s a d [ f or m e r s y n on y m ous
. cog
n at e u n e f
b r a l ] f i u
’
m i b z i -
ul -
.

f u n e r a l n ( b u r ia l ce r e m on y ; ob s e q u ie s ) f iuu -n u- z ul
’
. .

f u n e r e a l a d j ( of a fu n e r a l ; m ou r n fu l ) fiu n l z z i -al
'
-
. .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h o
.e , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I it , ri se c ;
.

f f
o p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , u : d oor , uo n o, o b e d , e e gat e ;
226 D I C T I ON AR Y O F HARD W ORD S

f u si b l e ad b e in g fus ed or m e lt e d [ al so, form er

j . ca pab l e of
l y , sp e l t f us ab l e ] fiou -z u-b ul
’
.

f u s i f o r m a dj ( spin dl e s h a pe d ) f iuu z r f ozz m , fi ou -sr-f ozz m

' '
- - -
. .

f u s i l n ( h e ra ld ic b e a ri n g) fiou -l
'
. .

f u s i l n f lint l ock m u sk e t [ al so, f orme rly, spe lt us il ] f iuu

.
- ’
f
z zl .

f u s i l e a dj f us ib le ; ca st [ al s o, s om e t im es, spe l t us il ] fiou

.
'
f
'
z l l, fiuu -z a xl .

f u s i l e e r n s old ie r [ a l so s pe l t us ili er ] fiuz xl rzz

.
'
f .

f u s i l l a d e n s im u l t a n e ous d is cha rge of f irear ms [ al so spe lt

.

f u s il a d e ] f iu z x l e e d
'
.

f u s i o n n ( m e l t ing ) f iuu -sun

’
. .

f u s oi d a dj ( fu s if or m ; s pi n d le sh ape d ) fiou -z ord, f iuu -sord

' '
-
. .

tS
fA S
’
un , f A st cun
’
f u s t i on n ( cot t on cl ot h ) fa s t S
'
. un , .

f u t h o r k n t h e R u n ic a lfa b e t [ a l s o spe l t u t h or c ; syn onymous

. f
cog n a t e u t h a k]
r
'
f ufu -
O oz k .

f u t i l e a dj u se le s s , v a in [ a l s o, s om e t im e s, spe lt u t il ] fi uu
.
'
f
rl
t , ( in B r it a in , o t e n )
'
f i ou -
t a xl f .

f u t u r e a dj ( t h at i s t o b e ; h e r e a ft e r ) fi ou -t S
'
fi uu
'
. uz , ( ol der )
t cuz .

f u z z n ( d ow n y or f lu ffy m at t e r ) f a z
. .

f u z z b a l l n pu ffb all [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e u ss b al l ] f az -b czl

.
'
f .

f y l f o t n cros s cra m p on n e e ; ga m m a dion [ also sp e l t filfot ]

.

f l l -f e t
’
.

f y r d n ( e n t ire A n gl o-sa x on l an d f orce s) f s zz d , f xzz d

. .

gab b r on i t e n f u scit e [ al s o sp el t gab r on it e] ge be s -n art

'
. .

g a b e l v ob s o.l e t e ( m a r k on t h e e a r a s s h e e p) g
'
e e -
b ul , .

g a b e l l e n t a x [ a ls o f or m e r ly , s p e l t ga b e l, ga b e ll ] gu b e l
’
. ,

ga b er d in e n ga r m e n t [ a l s o, f orm e rly , sp e lt ga b ar d i n e ]
.

gze b uz d 1 i n gae b uz d i n
' ’
-
.
,

g a b i o n a d e n a w or k f or m d of gab ions [ also spe lt gab ion

.

n od e ] g e b i -u n e e d
’
ge e b i u n e d
’
- - -
.
,

G a d h e l i c a dj G ael ic [ syn ony m ou s cogn a t e G a e d hl ic] gu

.

d e l 1 k ga d r l xk
’ ’
-
.
,

g a d o i d a dj ( l ik e g a d u s o r .c o d ) g
’
e e -
d ord .

G a e l i c a dj ( of t h e G a e ls a C e lt ic race of t h e h ighl an ds of
. ,

S ot la n d ) ge e l xk ( l es s of t en ) g e e -u l xk ; ( imp r op er ly ) gu z
’ ' ’

o
- -
,

11 ‘
g a g e n v ( ple dge ) g e e ds
., . .

g a g e v n m e asu r e [ a l s o s p e lt ga ug e] g e e ds
. .

i ye ,c cu t e ; ot h e , O t li i n ; 3 az u re , d oy ; Ss h oe , t S he w ;
'

c
w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u uu f ool , l it , 1 1 s e e ;
o p oe t i c ; s ov e t , c ue t i al , A b u t , 0: d oor, uo n o. e b e d, e e gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HA RD WORD S 22 7

g a ge ( pl u m ) g e e d s
n. .

g a g e a b l e a dj m e a s u r a b l e [ a l s o s p e l t g a uge a b l e ]
’
e -
d -b ul
.
ge su .

g a g e d a d j a dj u st e d [ a ls o s pe l t g a u g e d ] ge e dsd
. .

h o ga ge s ; e x c is e m a n
'
g a ger n . on e w [ a ls o s pe l t ga uge r ] ge c
d suz .

i m i g [ l l g g] g dsm
’
g g
a n g n e a su r n . a s o s p e t g a u i n e e -
.

g a i e t y n m i r t h , f e s.t i v i t y [ a l s o s p e l t g y y] g
a e t
’
e e -t -
tr .

i l l d i
’
(p l ) g d i j i
’

g a a r a n a n t e l o zz - -
. u , g ae l u zz -
d -
u .

g a i l y a d v in a g ya m
. a n n e r [ a l s o s p e l t g y y] g
a l
’
e e -l r

g a i n s a i d v ( p a s t por t 1 c 1 p 1e a n d p re t e r 1 t of ga ins ay ) ge e n
.

' ’
se d g e e n se d , ge e n s e e d g e e n s e e d
’
-
, , .

g a i n s a y v d e n y ; opp ose [ p as t p or t xc xpl e a n d p re t e r i t gain

.

s a i d a n d , r a r e ly , g a i n s a y e d ]
’ ’
g e e n -
s e e , ge e n s e e .

g a i n s a y n ( c o n t r a d ic t i o. n ) g
'
e e n -
se e .

g a i n s a y e r n ( o n e w h o g a i n s a.y s ) g
’
e e n -
s e e -
u z , g e e n
'
s e e -uz .

i ( d m
’ '
g a n s a y i n g n c o n t r a i c t i o n ) g . e e n -
s e e -
t n, g e e n s e e -
.

g a i n s t p r e p a ga in s t [ a ls o s p e l t g a i n s t ] ge n s t , ge e n st
’
. .

i i h j g z I S s e e g a r is h
’
g a r s a d e z -
. . .

g a i t n ( m a n n e r of w a lk in g or s t e pp i n g ) ge e t
. .

g a l a n ( f e s t iv i t y ) g e e l u
’
-
. .

g a l a n ( t e x t il. f a b r i c ) g
'
ze l u
’
g u z -
lu , .

' ’
g a l a n g a l n g u l ae ng , gu l a e l u.n -
gul s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s ga l in .

ga le .

g a l a xy n . t h e M ilky [p l u r a l g a l a xWa y
ie s] ga l u k -
sr
’
.

g a l ea h e l m e t l ik e p a r t [ pl u r a l g a l e a e ] ge e - l i-u
’
n -
. .

ga l ea t e a dj ( h e l m e t -
l
. i k e ; f u r n i s h t w ti h a ga l e a
’
) ge e -l i- t
e ,
i
’
g azl -
et .

G i l e a n a d j ( of G a l ile e ; a l s o, of G a l il e o G a l il e i ) gx l xl xi-un
'
al . .

g a l i n g a l e n a r om a t ic r oot ; s e d ge [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s ao
.

l a n g a l g a l a n g a l gazl m g e l , gml xn- g e l

’ '
-
.
,

g a l i p o t n r e s i n [ a l s o s
.
p e l t g a l l i o t ] g
'
a
e l t -
pe t p .

g a l l a n t a dj ( g a y s h o w ; b r a v e h e r oic ; c hiv a l r ous ) gz l un t ;

. ,
'
y ,

y
( c ou r t l ; a m or ou s ) g u laen t g u l a zn t g u l o zn t ; gazl un t
' ' ’
,
’

, .

'
g a l l a n t n ( b r a v e m a n ; d ou gh t y k n ig h t ) gazl un t ; ( m a n w h o
.

is pa r t icu l a r ly a t t e n t iv t o w om e n ; la d ie s m a n ; ra ke , l ib e r
’

t i n ) g u lae n t , gze l un t
’ '
.

gal la n t v ( p la y t h e d a n d ; cu t a d a sh ; m a k e i n e ; d eck
. y f
ou t ) g z e l u n
’
t ; ( l
p ya t h e l i r t ; d a ll or l irt w it h ) gu lze n t f y f ’
.

g a l l a n t i z e v p la y t h e ga l la n t ; p l a y t h e ga lla n t t o [ a l so spe l t
.

g a l l a n t is e ] gw ia n t m z
’
-
.

g a l l a n t l y a d v ( g a i ly s h o w i l y ; b r a v e l y , w i t h sp ir it
.
, h e r oi ,

ca ll ) y g ze l u n t u
'

; ( c u r t e o u s ly p o l-
i t e ly a t t e n t i v ly ) gu l z n t u ,
’
, ,
’
g ze l u n -
tu .

c: la w .fur a: , as c a t , o h ot , b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u : a s k, a xk it e ;
or
l e n gt h- m a rk 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g sou n d 1 s l on g ;
t e s s m a rk
r -
1 n d 1 ca t e s c hi e f
s t r e s s on th e f oll ow rn g sy l l a b l e .
228 DI CTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
ga ll a n t b ra v e ry ; [ pl u r a l g a l la n t r i e s ]
'
ry n . a c u r t e sy gae l un
tn .

g a l l e on n. w a r- s hip [ a ls o , for m e rly , s p e lt g a l e on ; for m e r

sy n on y m ous ] l i - un
’
cog n a t e g a ll oon ga .

g a ll ery pia z z a ; b a l c on y ; p a ssa ge [ plu ra l g a ll e r ies ] gae l u

'
n .

( r ap
’
e x, i d ly ) gael z x .

gal ley n . v e ss e l , b a r ge ; t y p e - t r a y [ plu r a l g a ll e y s a nd , form e r

’
ly , g a l i es ] gze l r
'
.

g a l l e y w o r m n i u lu s [ a l s o s p e l.t g a ll y w o r m ] q
'
as l x-
w s zz m .

g a l l i a r d i s e n g a ie t y [ a l s o sp e lt g a l l ia r d is e ] gae l iuz d a xz
’
-
. .

l l i l i l [ l ] g i
’
g a a s s n ow b u l t .v e ss e a s o -
s p e l t g a ll e a s s w l -a
s .

G a l l i c a dj ( of G a u l or Fra n ce ) gee l xk
'
. .

’
l i j ( f
’
g a l c a d o oa k . g a lls , e t c ) g a l xk ,
-
g cz -
i rk . .

G a l l i ci s m n ( Fr e n c h id iom ) gze l r- s rz am
'
. .

G a l l i c i z e v b e com e G a ll ic ; Fr e n chi y [ al so s p e l t G a ll icis e ]

. f
’
g te l x-
sal z .

gall igask i n b r e e c h e s ; h os e [ of t e n u se d m t h e p lu r a l ;
n.

g a lig a s k in ] ga l x gze s k xn
'
a ls o s p e lt ga llyg a s k in , .

g a l l i m a u f r y n h od ge p od ge r a gou t [ a l s o s p e lt g a ll i m a uf r e y,
.
,

g a ll i m a w f y; p
r l u r a l g a l l i m a u r i e s ] g ze l x
’
m c z-
fmf .

m l l l [ l l t ga l i ot ] gze l i ut
'
g a l l i o t n s a
. l g a e y a s o s p e -
.

g a l l i p o t n p o t o r
. v e s s e l u s e d b y d ru g g i s t s [ a l s o , f o r m e rly ,

s p e lt g a ll ypot , g a l ip o t
’
g a ll i e pot ] gae l x p ot
-
.
,

g a l l i v a n t v g a d a b o
. u t ; f l ir t [ a l s o s p e l t g a li v a n t ; sy n on y
m ou s cogn a t e s ga l l a v a n t ga la v a n t ] gae l x v ze n t , gze l x-v a n t
’ ’
.
,

g a l l i z e v t re a. t ( g r a p e -
j u i c e ) w it h w a t e r a n d s u g a r a f t e r t he

m e t h od of L G a ll [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e ga ll is iz e ] gas-l a rz
'
. .

'

g a l l on n ( m e a su r e ) gze l un
. .

)
’
g a l l e o n n ( b ra .i d , l a c e g u l u u n .

’
g a l l o p n ( l e
. a p gi n g a i t o f a h o r s e ) gze l up .

'
) l gz l u s
’
g a l l o w s n ( h a n.
g i n g
-a
p p a r a t u s g ze o z , .

g a l l o w s a d j fi t f o r . t h e g a l l o w s ; w i c k e d [ a l so s om e t im e s , ,
'
s p e lt ga ll u s ]
'
g a e l o z gze l us , .

g a l l o w s a d v e x t r e m e. l y , v e r y , j o l l y , m i g h t y [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s ,

s p e l t g a ll u s ] gze l us
’ ’
gael oz ,
.

g a l o p n (.d a n c e )
’
g ae l u p ,
’
g a e l u ; ( i m p r o p e r l y ) g a
’
l op .

i l )
’

g a l o r e a d v ( i n a b . u n d a n ce ; n p e n t y g u l u zz .

g a l o s h n w oo . d e n s h o e o r s a n d a l ; o v e r s h o e [ a l s o s p e l t ga

l och e , g a l os h ; p l u r a l g a l os h e s ] gu l oS
'
.

g a l t n .c l a y ; d i v i s i o n o f U pp e r C r e t a c e o u s s e r i e s [ sy n on y

m ou s cog n a t e s g a u l t g ol t ] g c zl t ,
.

g a l v a n i z e v a pp l y a . g a l v a n i c c u rr e n t t o ; e l e c t r o p l a t e [ al s o
’
l
s p e t ga v l a n i s ]
e g ze l v u -
nal z .

5 y o. c cu r e ; a t he , 9 t hi n 5 a z u re , d z, j oy ; 5 s h oe , c
t s he w ;
w w hen ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , 0 ool , 1 f u ll, ou f i t , 11 see ;

0 poe t i c ; a ove r , e ae ri al , a b u t , 0: d oor , s o no, 5 b ed , ee gat e ;

23 0 DIST IO NA R Y O F HARD WORD S
g a r g o y l e n gr ot e sq u e . s p ou t , e tc .
[ sy n on ym ou s c og n a t e gu r
g y ] g goxl
’
o l e a zz - .

ga rib ( b l ou se ; h at ) ga z r b a l d r, guz t b ozl d r, gm

'
l di
’
b c zl
’
a n .
-
r

dI .

g a r i sh ad j y, gau dy ; gl a ri ng
’
. s h ow [ also s p e lt g a ir i s h ] ge
e .

ga rli c n p l a n t [ a l
. s o, f o r m e r ly, s p e l t g a r l i c k ] ga zz -i rk
’
.

j (
’
g a r l i c k y a d s a v o r in g o f g a r l i.c ) g a zz -
l t -
kt .

g a r r o t n s e a d u ck [ a l s o s pe lt g a r r o t t ] ga z ut
’
-
. .

g a r r o t n ( l e v e r ; su r gica l i n s t ru m e n t ) ga z ut
’
. .

[ l l ot e ] gu zuot , ga z e t sa m e m e a n
' ’
g a r r o t e n , v a s o s p e
. t g a r . .

1 ng as g arr ot te .

g a r r ot t e m od e of ca pit a l pu n is h m e n t ; h ighw a y r ob b e ry
n .

p e r f orm e d b y t h rot t l in g t h e v ict i m [ al s o s p e lt ga r ot t e ; syn

on y m ou s cogn at e s ga rr ot e ga r ot e ] gu z ot
’
.
,

g a r r o t t e v pu t t o d e at h ; s t ra n gl e ; che a t a t ca rd s [ a l s o s p e lt
.

ga r ot t e ; syn on y m ou s cog n a t e s g arr ot e g ar ot e ] ga z e t

’
.
,

l i l
( q i ) g
’
g a r r u t y n o u ac o
. u s n e ss u z u u -
i r -
tr .

g a r r u l o u s a d j ( q l o u ac i o u s t a
. lk a t i v ) g
’
a z u -
,l us .

g a s n a e r i f or m f lu id [ p l u r a l g a s e s ] ga s ga zs ( r a r e ly ) ga zz
.
, , .

g a s v s u pp l y, l igh t , or t r e at w i t h ga s ; in d u lg e i n e m pt y t a lk
.

[ pre s e n t pa r t rcrpl e g ass in g ; p a st pa rt rcrple a n d p r e t e r1 t

g ass e d ga s t ] ga s , ga zs
, .

g a s c on a d e n ( v au n t ; b r av a d o) ga sk u n e e d
’
. .

g a s e l i e r n clu st e r of gas b u r n e r s gas cha n d e l ie r [ a ls o sp elt

-
.

g as a li e r ] ga su h zz
'
.

g a s e o u s a d j ( h a v i n g t .h e n a t u r e o f g ) g
as
'
a s i-
u s ,
'
g e e -
si -us
,

i -z i-us
’ '
g a z a s-
g e e , .

g s og
a e n o n
’
g a s u -
d3 in. sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s g az og en e
. .

g a s ol i n e n v olati l l iq u id fr om pe t roleu m [ a lso som e t i me s,

.
,

]
’
s pe l t g a s o l e n e g as o l e i n e g ,as o l i n e ga s u
,
-l i n
’
g a s u -h n
, ,

-l m
’
’
g a z u l i-
n g a z u , .

g a s o m e t e r n g a s -h old e r
; g
. a s -
t a n k [ f or m e r sy n on y m ou s cog
n a t e ga s ome t er ] m m t uz ; ( l es s p r op er ly)
’ ’
g a s o r t u z g a s o x- —
,
’
g a z o m r t
— uz
.

g a s p v c a. t c h t h e b r e a t h w i t h o pe n m ou t h [ past pa rt rc rpl e
a n d p r e t e r1 t g a s p e d, gas pt ] g a zsp gu zsp ga zs p , , .

l -lik e a n im al
g a s t r a e a n g a s t ru a. ; sa c [ plura l g as tr ocoe l ga s
t gri-u
’
.

g a s t r i t i s n ( i n f l a mm . a t i o n o f t h e s t o m ac h ) g a s
’
t g a r-t r
s .

g a s t r op o d n v e n t r a l f oot e d . a n im a l -
[ sy n ony m ous cogn at e
g a s t e r o p o d ] g
’
a s t g p od
u - .

m i m cu p [ p l ur al g as tr u la e ]
’
g a s t r u l a n e t a z o c
. g e r -
ga s t ro l u —
.

c cu r e ; a t he , 0t hi n ; 3 az u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
'

j ye ,
w w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , u f u l
.

on f 001, r i t , ri s e e ;
0 p oe t1c ; 9 ov e r , e ae ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor, s o n o, 8 b e d , s o gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 23 1

gat e n .
( ga t e w ay ; O pe n w ork
d oor ) g e e t .

- u- i
S z
’
k w a r d n e ss ) g oSa z xi
’
g a u ch e r i e n .
( aw gu o , .

G a u ch o n. ( n a t iv of t h e p a m p a s of Sou t h A m e rica , of Spa n

’
tS gcz t S
’
is h d e sce n t ) gu u
-
u, -
u .

g a u g e v , n g e e d3 . s e e g ag e
. . .

g a u n t a d j ( l e a n , h a .
gg a r d ) g c zn t , g c z n t , g u z n t .

m m
’
g a u n t l e t
1
n g l o v e [ a l s o .
, s o e t i e s , s p e l t g a n t l e t ] g c z n -
t a ut ,

’ ’
g a z n t
- z
u t , g u zn t ut
- z
.

g a u n t l e t
2
n m i l i t a r y p u .n is h m e n t , t h e r u n n i n g o f t h e g au n t
l e t [ a l s o s p e l t ga n t l e t ; or m e r s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e g a n t f
p
l o e , g a n t e l o e ] gc
’
z n -
t ut , g a
L p ’
z n -
t z u t, g
’
u zn -
t a ut .

d
’
j ]
’
g a u n t l e t e d a d [ a l s o s p e l t g a. u n t l e t t e d g cz n -
t L u -
t i , g a zn

t a u t xd -
.

m m
’
g a u n t r y n g c zn -
t g r . s a e e a n 1 n g . a s g a n t r y .

g a v e l n ( m a ll e t u s e d b y a pr es i d i n g o ice r ) ga v ul ; ( i m pr op
.
’
ff
’
e r ly ) g e e v ul
-
.

k i ( l d t e n u re ) ga v ul k a w d
’
g a v e l n d n a n -
.
—
.

; ( im
’
) g k -l uk
’
g a v e l o c k n ( p
s e a r , d a r
. t ; c r o w b a r a v x -
l o , g a v r

p p
r o e r ly )
’
g o o v -
l ok .

g a v i a l n n a k o o ,. a s a u r ia n ; G a n g e t i c c r o c o d i l e [ s y n o n y m o u s
’
c og a t e s g a
n rr i l
h a , gh a r r i l
a , g y y h r a l ] g e e -v - l
i u .

’
g a v o t n d a n ce [ a l s o s p e l t g a v ot t e ] ga v ut , gu v ot
’
. .

g a w k n s t u p id , a w k w a rd p e r s on [ a ls o sp e l t ga u k ] ge zk
. .

y a dj ( f h f k
’
ga w k o t e n .a t u r e o a g aw ; u n g a i n l y) g o z-
kl .

] g ul , gu j uzl
' ’
[ l i
’

gay a l n o x .a l s o sp e t gy , g y a l a a l l e e -
u l , g a -
.

g a y e t y u s e e ga i e ty . .

g a z e l n a n t e l ope [ a lso s pe l t gaz e ll e ] gu z e l

'
. .

ga z ul sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s gh az a l
’
gaz el n . . .

g a z e t t e e r n ( on e w h o w r it e s i n a ga z e t t e ; j ou r n a lis t ; ge o
.

g ra p hic d ic t i on a ry ) ga z r t xzz
’
.

g a z o g e n e n p r od u ci n g a pp a ra t u s [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e
-
g a s .

] g d 3 in
’
g a s o g e n e a z u -
.

g e c k o n h o u s.e -
liz a r d [ a l s o, or m e rly , s p e l t g e c o, ace c a, g e k f
k o ; p l u r a l g e ck os , g ec k oe s ] g e k u
'
.

g e e v a g r e e , fit [ a ls o sp e l t g e, j e e ] d 3 1 i
. .

g e e v t u r n t o t h e r ig h t [ a l s o s p e l t j e e ] d 3 1 i
. .

G e e s n l a n gu a g e of a n cie n t Et h iop ia [ a l s o sp e lt G e e s ; s yn
.

on y m ou s cogn a t e G iz ] gi e z
’ ’

g e i sh a n . J
a pa n e se d a n ci n g g ir l [ p l u r a l g e is h as , g e is h a ] -
’
ge e
Su .

) g
’
g el a
da (b a
n bb oo n. e l u -
du .

(g l i i
’ ’
gelat in ) d d l d 3 e l at 1
’
ate v e a t n z e 3 1
. l a t n -
e t , 3 1 a t 1 -n e
t,
n et .

c: l aw fur,
, 9 : a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u: a sk , 8 ! ki t e ;
h ot , or
l e n gt h - m a r k ra d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ;

st e s
r s -
ma rk 1 nd 1 ca t e s ch1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl l a b l e .
23 2 DICTI ON AR Y O F H ARD W ORD S

g e l a t in e n . b a se of j e l l i e s [ al s o , s om e t i m e s , gela t in ]
sp e lt

d3 e l u-t in ; ( r ar e ly ) d 3 e l u-t a m , dsc lu

’
d 3 e l u-t 1 n ,
’ ’
d3 e lu-t u ,
’

t xin
'
.

g e l a t i n i z e v ( b e c o m e j .e ll y; r e n d e r j e l l y -l ike
; cos t w i t h
’
i ) 3 d
’
g e l a t n d 1 l a t n -s x z , 3 e l u t 1 -n
a x z .

j (j y d d
'
d l noxd
'
g e l a t i n o i d a d e l l - li k e ) s . r l a t n - o r , 3 e u t 1 —
.

j (j y f l i ) 3 d
’
g e l a t i n o u s a d e l l -lik
e ; o. g e a t n x l a t n -
as .

g e l d v ( e m a scul at e ) ge ld
. .

g e l i d a dj ( cold ; i cy ) d 3 e 11 d
’
. .

g e l o s e n ( g
a .a r - a g )ar d 3 1
'
l u o s , ( as su m p t iv l y)
'
d 3 1 i -l os .

g e m e l n m .
p l ur a l , t w i n b a r ru l e t s ; m s x n g u l a r , f i n g e r -r in
g
[ a l s o s p e lt g e mm e l ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e gi mma l ] dse mul
'
.

g e m e l l u s n on e of a pai r of m u scle s [ plur a l gemcll i] ( ist

.

m e l us
’
.

g e m m a n b u d ; s h oot [ pl u ra l g e m ma e ] d 3 e m u
'
. .

g e n d a r m e n ( m a n -
a t -a r m s
.
; s ol d ie r ; police ma n ) son duzz m ,
’

d 3 e n d ozz m
’
.

j d d i -u l d
’
d i -k l -k al
'
g e n e a l o g i c a l a d 3 i n -
u l o .
3 1 u , 3 e n o 3 1 .

-d arz
, dse ni
l i [ l i i i
’
g e n e a o g z o v a s o s p e l t g. e n e a l o g s e ] 3 d n a l u 3
'
a l u- d ss rz .

di [p i i i d 3 1.
’
g e n e a l o gy n p e g r e e . l u r a l g e n e a l o g e s ] d 3 n z i o -

d 3 e n i a l u- d 3 1
’
.

g e n e a t n ( v assal ) g 1 n 1 it
’
. .

(p l d ; (
'
d i
’
g e n e r a n u.r a l o f g e n u s ) 3 e n u -e u
v u lg a r l y) 3 1 -n u-cu .

g e n e r a l n d 3 e n u z ul , ( r ap idly a n t er ior ly a s a t itl e ) d se nz ol

’ ’ '

-
. , , .

g e n e r a l v a c t a s a ge n e r al t o ; m a r s ha l [ p re se n t pa rt rcrpl e
.

g e n e r a l in g g e n er a l li n g ; p as t p a rt rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1t gen er
,

a l c d g e n e r a l l e d, g e n e r a l d ] d 3 e n u-z ul
'
.
,

g e n e r a l i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e l .t g e n e r a li s a t i o n ] 3 d e n u -
’
z al r z e e

S u n , ( r a p i d ly) d 3 e n z u h
’
z e e S ; (
a n a l s o-
) 3 d e n u z u -l
a x
'
z e e S
- un .

[ ]
’
g e n e r a l i z e v a l s o s p e l
. t g e n e r a l is e d 3 e n u z u -l
a rz .

gen er a t r ix n ( f e m a le p a r e n t ; ge n e ra n t ; d yn a m o) dse nu
.

d 3 e n u-z e t gxk s
'
z e e - t gt k s
'
.
,

g e n e r i c a dj ( of a ge n u s or cla s s : O pp ose d t o s p e ci ic, spe

'
. f
c ia l ) d 3 1 n e a k
‘
.

g e n e s i s n [ p l u r a l g e n e s cs ] d 3 e n 1 s t s
'
-
. .

( i ca t ) d 3 e n 1 t d3 1 n e t
' ’
g e n e t n c . v e t -
, .

i l d j
’
g e n i a l a d j ( n u p t . a ; c o r d i a l k i n d l y) 3
, 1 i -
n u l
'
d 3 1 i -
u i,
-
ul .

g e n i a l a dj ( of t h e chi n ) d 3 1 n a i ul
’
-
. .

g e n i a l i t y n (g e n i a l n .a t u re ; k i n d l i n e s s ) 3 d i n 1 a 1 1 -
tr .

g e n i a l i z e v r e n d e r g e
. n i a l [ a l s o s p e l t g e n i a l i s e ]
'
d 3 I i-
n j u-l arz
,

d 3 1 i - n i- u l m z
’
-
.

g e n i e n j i n. n e e g o b l i n [ a l s o , s p e l t g e n i ; p l u r a l g e n i i]
'
d s ar
r i -
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re . d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t schew ;
'

ye , .

w w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , u f u l ou ool , r it , t i se c ;
.

f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e ae ri a l , A b u t , u: door , 00 n o, e b e d, s o gat e ;
23 4 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
-b x
'
g e r b i l l e n [ . a n im a l ] d 3 s z a l s o sp e l t
z l ger b il .

g e r f a l c o n n l a r g e f a l c o n . [ a l s o s p e l t gy r a l c o n a n d , f o r m er f
,
f
ly j e r a lc on ] d 3 a z f c z kun , d3 s z f c zl -k un
’
-
’
.

I"
g e r m a n a d j h a v i n g t h e s .a m e p ar e n t s : a s , a b r o t h e r g e r

m a n ; t h a t i s t h e chi l d of a b r ot h e r or s i st e r ge rm a n of e i
I"
t he r of on e s pa r e n t s : u s e d on ly in cou s in ge r ma n [ eyn on
’

m -m
’
y m o u s c go n a t e g e r a n e ] d 3 a zz un .

m m -m
’
G e r a n a jd ( o f G e r a n y) . d 3 s z z un .

g e r m a n e a d j (g e r m a n ; a l s o ,. r e l e v a n t p e r t i n e n t ) d 3 s z
'
m e e n , .

G e r m a n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t G er m a n is e ] d 3 o ze - m u-n a t z
'
. .

g e r m e n n g e r m ; o v a
. r y [ s y n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e g er m i n ]
’
d s s zz

m en .

g e r r y m a n d e r n ( a r r a n g e m e n t o f .t h e p o l i t ic a l d i v i s i o n s o f
a St a t e f or p a rt y p u r p os e s i n e l e ct i on s ) d 3 e z 1 m a n d uz , g ez r
'

m a n d uz g e z r m a n d uz
’ '
—
, .

d ’
d - and
’
g e r u n d n ( v e r b a l n o
. u n ) d 3 e z u n , 3 e z .

g e s t v a ct , d e e d , a chi e v e m e n t [ a l s o s p e l t g es t e ] dse st
. .

S
’
g e s t a t i o n n ( c a r r y i n g, b e
. a r i n g; p g r e n a n c y) d 3 e s t e e - un .

d3 e S
’
( d d 3 e st S tS
’ ’
g e s t i o n n c o n d u c t ).
3 e s t i -
un un un , , .

( b e a ri n g ; b od ily m ov e m e n t ) d 3 e st Suz , d3 e St Saz ,

' ’
g e st u r e n .

'
d 3 e s t os e .

g au dy t f i l b bl t oy [ l so sp l t ge w g a w ] -
ge w ga w n r .e ; a u e ; a e

gj
’ ’
u u g c : d 3
-
u u -
gc
’
g e y s e r n s p ou t i n g h ot sp r in g [ a l s o s p e l t g e ys ir ] g a t z uz , g a r
'
-
.

’
s uz . g e e -
s uz .

gh a st f u l ad j . d r e a d fu l ; f e a r fu l [ a l s o s p e l t g as t f ul ]
'
g a zs t -f l
a .

gh a st l y ad j . h orr ib l e ; d e a t h i k e ; lu ri d [ al s o
-
s p e lt g as t ly ]
' ’ ’
g a z st u a z- st u st u
-
-
, g , g a z .

g h a u t n m o u n t a in -
.p a s s [ a l s o sp e l t g h a t gou t ] g c zt , .

g h a z a l n p oe t ry ; m u s ic [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s g h az e l, g h a
.

s e l g az e l ] ga z a l
’
-
.
,

g h e r k i n n s m a l l cu cu m b e r [ a l s o f or m e rly , sp e lt g er kin , gir

.
,

k in gu r k in ] g nz k m
’ ’
-k m
, g o ze , .

G h e t t o n ( J e w i s h q u art e r of a cit y ) ge t u
.
'
.

G h i b e l l i n e n on e of t h e e m p e r or s f a ct ion i n t h e It al ian
’
.

s t a t e s [ a l s o s om e t im e s s p e lt G h ib e l l in ] m l a rn
' ’
, g t b t -
l g rb r-
, , .

g h o s t n s ou l s pir it s p e ct e r , e t c [ al s o s p e l t g os t ] g uost
.
, , . .

g h o s t l y a d j p s i r i t u a l ; s p e c t r.a l [ a l s o s p e l t g as t l y] g
’
u o -
st u .

g h o u l n e v il s p i r it [ al s o f or m e r l y s p e l t g ou l g h ool ] g uu l
.
, . , .

g i a ou r n ( n on M u s su l m a n ; C h r i s t ia n ) d 3 a uz
.
-
.

g i b n cl a sp ; w e d ge ; gib b e t [ a l s o s p e l t j ib ] d 3 t b
. .

g i b n h ook t g r is t le of m a l e s a l m on [ a l s o sp e lt g ib b ] grb
.
.

g i b b e r v ( s p e a k in c oh e re n t l y ) g t b uz
’ ’
. d 3 rb uz . .

y e , g e n e ; 6 t h e , 0t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
j r '

w w h e n ; n s 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u l ou ool r it , I i see ; f ,

o p oe t i c ; a uv e t , e a e ri a l , A b u t , u: d oor , uo n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 DI CTI ONARY O F H A RD WORD S 23 5

g i b b e r n ( g ib b os it y ) gl b uz
’
. .

g i b b e r n l a r ge st on e , b ou l d e r [ a l so sp e l t g h i b b e r ] g l b uz
’
. .

i b b i h ( i l i i l ; j
'
g e r s n u n n t e l g b . e s p e e c h a r g o n ) g l b u -
zl S .

g i b b e t n ( g a l l ow s ; pos t on w hich e x e cu t e d cr i m in a l s w e re
.

'
hu n g ) d3 1 b 1 t .

g i b b o n n ( l on g a r m d a p e ) gt b un
’
-
.

b b j ( i ) ( m
’
g i o s e a d c o n v e x , g b
. b o u s g t b u o s , ass u ptiv ly ) g t b os .

g i b b o s i t y n ( s t a t e o f b .e i n g g i b b o s e o r g i b b o u s ; s w e ll i n g)
'
g r b os t l x -
.

b b j ( i h m t ) g t b us
’
g i o u s a d c o n v e x , g b .b o se ; u p b a c k .

b b i ( i l m i m d
’
g i s t e n n a t v a u
. n u h y ra t e ) g l b z al t -
.

g i b e v , n t
. a u n t , . j e e r [ a l s o s p e l t j ib e , g y b e ] d 3 a t b .

b i [
’
g i e r n o n e .w h o u t t e r s g b e s a l s o s p e l t j i b e r ] d 3 a 1 -
b uz .

g i b l e t n ( t r i m m. i n g r o m a o w l , f a s t h e f
h e a r t , g i z z a r d , n e ck ,

et c )
’
. d 3 1 b l ut .

g i d d e a n aca c i a . [ s y n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e s g i dya, gydya, gi dgee,

g dj e ] g
’
i e x di -
u .

g i g n (.s o m e t h i n g t h a t w h i r l s ; v e h i c l e ; b o a t ; f u n ) gi g .

g i g a n t e a n a d j ( g ig a n t ic ) d 3 a x .
-
g un
’
t 1 i - n
u ; ( i m r o e r l y p p
) d 3 en
i
’
g a n t o
- u
.

g i g a n t i c a d j ( g i a n t -l ik
e ; h
. u g e ) d 3 a x
’
g a n t 1 k ; ( le ss r o e r ly ) p p
d 3 1 ga n t 1 k
’
.

i
g g e r i u m n g i z z a r d [p l
. u r a l g ig e r i a ] d 3 1
’
d 3 x z- i-
z u m .

g i g l e t n gi dd y , l au g h in g, r om pi n g gi rl [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e
.

g igl ot ] g t gl l t
’
.

g i g o t n ( l e g of m u t ton , e t c ) d 3 1 gut
’
. . .

i ) g g
’
i -s a w
( l d
’
g g n v e n e e r -
s a
. w ; s a w n g
-
t o o r - sc :
3 g sc
r -

com p a r e j ig-s a w

g i g u e n ( I n m u s i c, j ig ) 3 rig
. .

G i l a m o n s t e r n ( l a r ge li z a rd ) h I i-l u-m on st uz
'
. .

G i l b e r t i n e a dj of G i l b e rt of Se m p r in gh a m [ al s o, s om e t im e s ,
.

’ ’
sp e l t G il b e r t in ] xl b u -
t x n x l b u —t a m
g z , g z .

g i l d v ov e r l ay w it h gol d [ p a s t p a rt i c rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t gil d e d ,

.

gi l t ] g l l d .

gi l d n m . u t u a l -a id
a s s oci a t ion [ a l s o s p e l t g u il d ] g i l d .

’
g i l d h a l l n [ a l s o s p e .l t g u i l d h a l l ] g i ld -h
ozi .

g i l l n (.b r e a t h i n g or ga n ) g t l
-
.

. f
g i l l n cl e t , r a v i n e [ a l s o s p e lt g hy ll ] g rl .

g i l l n m . e a s u r e [ a l s o s p e l t j i ll ] d 3 1 1 .

g i l l n g.i r l ; s w e e t h e a r t [ a l s o sp e l t j i l l ] d 3 l l .

g i l l n ( . l a x -
f
com b ) g l l .

i l l i m se r v a n t [ a l s o s p e l t g h ill i e , g il ly ]
’
g e g xl r
-
n a n. .

g i l l y f l o w e r n c l o v e -
sc e n t e d p i n k e t c [ a l s o s p e lt g ill i l ow e r ;
. , . f
c: law fu r,
, a: a ca t , o h ot , orb oy ; 0: f a r ou n ow , 8 : a s k , a x kit e ;
,

l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d I S l on g ;

st re s s-m r k
a 1 n d 1 ca t e s chi e f
s t re ss on th e f ol l ow rn g sy ll a b l e .
23 6 DI CTION A RY O F H A RD WORD S
s y n on y m ou s cogna t e s g il liv er, j illiv er , J u ly flow er ]
-
’
d3 111
f uu e .
L -s

i j gt l t e d sd , ( as s u mpt iv ly ) g t e d3 d .
’ '
g l t -e d ge d ad . ri -

gi m b al n i [ al s o spe lt gimb all,

m l l t d n -d e v ice
p ur
. a , s e a y g
gim b l e gy m b a l ] d3 1 m b ul
’
.
,

g i m cr a c k n c on t r iv a n ce ; t ru m pery a rt icl e ; kn ickkn ack [a l

.

] m kaa k
’
s o sp e t j l i m c r a c k d 3 1 -
.

g i m l e t v u se a giml e t on [ p r e se n t p a rt rcrpl e g imle t in g, gi m

.

l e t t in g ; p as t pa rt xcxpl e a n d p re t e r1 t gi m le t e d, gi ml e t t e d ]
grml ut
'
.

g i m p n t h r e a d ; t ri m m in g [ a l so s p e lt gy mp , gu imp ] g xm p
. .

g i m p v ( j a g d e n t icu l a t e , s ca ll op ) d 3 1 m p , g i m p
.
, .

g i n n ( m a c h in e e n gi n ; s n a r e ) d 3 1 n
.
, .

g i n n ( d r i n k ) d 3 ru
. .

g i n g a l l n m u sk e t ; gu n [ al so spel t j i n ga ll, ginga l j i ngal ]

. ,
’
d 3 1 13 - gczl .

g i n g h a m n ( cl ot h ; u m b re ll a ) gw am
'
. .

g i n g i l i n pl a n t ; oil [ al s o spe l t ginge l ey gin ge ly, gin g e lly,

.
,

gi n g il ic j in j il i] d 3 1 n d 3 1 l r
’
-
.
,

j ( f m d -v ul d -v ul
’ ’
g i n g i v a l a d o t h e g u. s ) d 3 1 n 3 r d 3 1 n 3 a r , .

g i n g k o n J a p a n e se t re e [ a l so s pe l t gin ko sy n ony m ou s cog

.

n a t e g in g o] g xnku
'
.

m i i m -m us
’
g i n g yl u s n h n g j e -
o n. t [p l u r a l i n
g g y l i] x
g ng l r ,
’
d 3 1 13g11 m us -
.

i (p o t)
’
g n s e n g n l a n t ; . r o d 3 1 n -
se n .

g i p s e r n p u r se p ou ch w a ll e t [ al so sp e lt g ip sir e ] dsrp saz

'
.
.
, ,

G i p s y n on e of a w a n d e r in g r a ce [ al s o s p e lt G yp sy, G ips ey ;
.

p l u r al G ip s ie s ] d 3 1 ps r
'
.

g i r a f f e n ( c a m e l opa r d ) d 3 1 z a zf , d3 1 z ozf d 3 1 z a zf
’ ’ ’
. , .

gi a d
r n o l e n ( f i r e w o r .k ; f o u n t a i n -
j e t ; gira n d ol a ; ca ndl e sti ck
d d
’
d d ol
’
p e n d a n t) 3 1 z u n - o l 3 1 2-
z u n -
, .

gi r a so l n f ir e o .
p a l [ ys n o n -
y m o u s c g o n a t e g i r a s o l e ]
’
d 3 r z u-s
ol .

g i r d n ( sp u rt of a ct ion ; j e r k ) gs zz d
. .

g i r d v f or m e rly s t r ike s m it e ; l a t e r, ru s h s t a r t sprin g ; j e st ,

.
, , , ,

gib e [ p a s t p a r t rcrpl e a n d p r e t e r i t g ir d e d ] g a ze d .

g i r d v s u r r ou n d w it h a b e l t or gir dl e ; s e cu r e b y m e a n s of a
.

g ir dl e [ p a st p u rt xcrple a n d p r e t e r 1 t g ir t g ir d e d ] gn zz d , .

gi r l n (
. f e m a l e c h i l d ; m a id -
s e rv a n t ) g u zz l g nul ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) ,

gm l gi n ze l
, .

’
G i r o n d i s t n a dj ( m ode r a t e re pu b l ica n ) d 3 1 z on d t st
.
, .

g i r t h n ( b a n d gi rd l e p e r im e t e r ) ga zz O
.
, , .

g i s t n ( r e a l p oin t , sub s t a n ce p it h ) d 3 rs t
.
, .

g i v e s n d 3 a xv z . se e gyv e . .

j c cu r e ; a t he , 9 t hi n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
ye ,
w w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , u u ool I i t , ri s e e ; f f ,

o p oe t i c ; s uv e r , e a e ri a l , a b u t , u: d oor , u o n o , e h e d , e e g a t e ;
23 8 DICTION A R Y O F H A R D WORD S
b j ( p i m d l ) g b j -l s z
’
g l o u l a r a d s h e r c a . l ; c o p o u n o f g o b u l e s l o o .

b d i b j
’
g l o u l e n ( l it t.l e g l o b e ; b l o o -
c o r p u s c l e ; p l l ) g l o u l -
.

g l o b u l i n n p r o t e i
. d [ a l s o s p e l t g l o b u l i n e ] g j
’
l o b u -l
m .

g l o s s n .
( m a r g i n a l d e f i n i t i o n , e t c ) g l o zs , .
( r a r e l y ) g l o s .

g l o s s n (
. l u s t e r ) g l o z s , ( r a r e l y ) g l os .

l
'
g l o s s a r y n ( c o l l e c
. t i o n o f g l o s se s ; v o ca b u l a r y) g o z -ss -e x
,

a l , ( r a p id l y )
’ ’
l o gl oss r
-
g s a .

l
’
g l o t t i s n m o .u t h o f t h e w i n d p i p e [ p l u r a g l o t t i d e s ] g l o t r s .

g l o v e n ( h
. a n d -
c ov e ri n g ) gl A v .

g l o w e r v f r ow n [ sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e g l ou r ; p as t p a rt rcrp l e
.

a n d p r e t e r i t gl ow e r e d, gl ow er d ]
'
g l o u -az
.

g l oz e n gl os s , m a rgin a l n ot e ; f la t t e ry , d e ce it , p r e t e n s e [ a l s o,
.

f or m e rly , s pe lt glos e ] glooz .

m
’
g l u c i n u n ( b e r y l l i u. m ) g l u s a r -n am
.

g l u c o s e n (g p r a . e -s
u g ,a r d e x t r o s e ; f ru i t -su
ga r , l e vul os e )
-k os
'
g i o u .

g l u e n a d h e s iv [ a l so, f or m e rly , s p e lt g l e w ] gl uu
. .

g l u e y a dj l ik e gl u e [ al s o s p e lt g l u y a n d , f or m e rly , gl ew y,
.

’
l y] g l -
g e w e uu r .

i [ l l
'
l
g u t e a l a jd o f t h e . g l u t e a s o s p e t g l u t a e a l ] g l u u -
t i -
al , gl u

t Ii -al
'
.

g l u t e n n ( gu m , gl u e ; n it r oge n ou s pa rt of w h e at , e t c ) gl uu
’
. .

’ '
t n , gl uu —t an , gl uu - t e n .

l k -m
g u t e u s n o n e .o f t h e t h r e e b u tt o c u scl e s [ a l s o sp e l t gl u
t ae u s ; p l u ra l gl u t e i ] gl u t ri— as
'
.

l j (g y,
’
g u t i n o u s a d l u e s t i c. k y) g l u u -
t u -
a s ,
’
g l u u -t r- n as .

l i [ l l l ] g
’
’
g u t t o n z e v a s o , r a r e .
y, p s e t g l u t t o m s e l A t n - rz
a .

l i i g [p l m ] g l
’
’
g u t t o n y n e x c e ss v
. e a t n l u r a g l u t t o e s A t n -r
,
'
g l a t e -
ul .

g l y c e r i n n gly ce r ol [ al s o sp e l t glycer in e ] gl rsa z rn gh ss m

' '
-
. .
,

g yl c o c o l l n ( a m i d o -
. a c e t i c ac id ) g
’
l a r -k a - k o l
’
g h
, k o -k
ol .

m d -d m
'
( i l h ) g l k ; ( a ls o )
’
l
g y c o g e n n a n a
. s t a r c a x - o -
s , g
t n h k a s
d se n e t c
'
g l a r -
k a -
, .

g yl c o l n ( e
. t h y l e n e a l c o h o l , e t c ) g
’
l a I -.k o l ,
'
g l r -k
oi .

g l y c ol l i c a dj of glycol [ a ls o sp e lt g lyc ol ic ] g l a r k ol t k , gl r
’
.

'
k ol l k .

G l y c on i c a dj ( of t h e Gre ek p oe t G lycon ) gl ar k on rk
'
. .

g l yp h n ( gr oov e ) gl . .

g l yp t i c a dj ( of ca r v i n g or e n gr a v in g) gl rpt xk
'
. .

g m e l i n i t e n ( m i n e r a l ) .
’
m e h - n a l t , ( r a r e ly) g
’
m e l r—n a r
t .

m ( h ) f l i am
’
n
g ap h a l i u n e r b n a e
. e - -
.

g n a r l e d a dj k n ott y , t w ist e d [ a s o s p e lt gn af ld a n d , f r m e rly ,

l ~
.

kn a r l e d ] n a tal .

j c
ye , cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h i n ; u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
10 w h e n , n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , 1 i t , 1 i s e e ; f f
o p oe t ic ; c ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c e g at o ;
 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 23 9

g n a sh t oge t h e r , gri n d , b it e u p on
v . s t rik e [p ast pa rt rcrpl e and

p r e t e r 1 t g n as h e d , g n a s h t ] u ze S .

gn a t n . in gd f ly ) n aet
( t w o-
w .

h i j ( f h j k
' ’
gn t a c a d o t e a w s ) n
. a e t n e e -
Otk , .

m h d g ) O al t
’ ’
g n a t h i t e n ( o u t - a pp e n . a e n ae -
O a t t, n e e -
.

g n a w v b it e off l it t l e b y l it t l e ; b it e ; re t , w a st e [ p a st por
. f
t t c rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t gn a w e d , g n a w d ] n c:
g n e i s s n ( r oc k ) n e t s , ( r ar e ly ) g n a rs
. .

m i m m mx
’
g n o e n ( p
a h o r s .; s a w ) n a o ,
n o o -
.

g n o m e n ( d w a r , g
. o b l i n ) n a om f .

m i ( m e s or m a x im s ) n oo m i k , n om t k
’
j f
’
g n o c a d o g n o .
-
.

-m
m ( h d i i -d
i l )
’
g n o o n n s a o w -
c a s.t n g p e ce o n a su n a n o o on .

g n o s i o l o gy n s c i e n ce o f c o g n it i.o n [ a l s o s p e l t g n os e ol ogy ]
n os i ol o- d sr, n oz i ol a - d sr
’ ’
.

’
g n o s t i c n ( of kn ow l e d g e ) n os t xk . .

g n u n W ild e b e e s t [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , s p e lt g n oo] n uu , n j uu f .

g o v . w a l k , m o v e , e t c [ p as t p a r t r c r p l e g o n e ; p r
. e t e r 1 t w en t ]
goo, ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) g o .

g o n act i on of g oin g ; t u r n of a a i r s [ pl u r a l g oes ] goo

. ff .

g o a f n i n a. c o a l -
m i n e , a s p a ce r om w h ic h coa l h a s b e e n f
w or k t a w a y [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s g oa v e , g a ff, g ov e ; pl u r a l

g oa v es , goofs ] goo f .

’
-a h e a d j ( e n e r g e t ic , pu sh i n g ) he d , - -h
ed
’

g o ad .
goo-
a goo a .

h i s ke r s ) go t I i ( ch in
'
g oa t e e n. -
w .

g o b n ( d a b ; lu m p ; a t t l e ) gob
. .

b m [ l l -b a n
g] goo b aen
’
g o a n g n g a e a s o s p e t g o. .

g o b b e n ( pl a n t ) g ob . .

g o b e l i n a dj ( of G ob e li n s , t h e st at e a ct ory of t ap e st ry in
. f
Pa r is ) g ob a l a i) g ob a h n
’ ’
-
.
,

g o b l e t n ( d ri n k i n g cu p ; w in e cu p ) g ob l a t
’
- -
. .

g o b l i n n ( s u r ly e l f ; s p r it e ; g n om e ; d e m on ) ge b i m
’
. .

g o -b
y n ( a ct ion of g oin g b y ; a pa ss in g b y w it h ou t n ot ice ;
.

’
s l ip ) g oo-
b at .

g ob y n . [p
gob i id , a l u r a l g o b i e s] g oo -
f is h
br
’
.

g o d n ( d e it y ) god ( s om e t i m e s ) g ozd ; ( d ia l e c t a l l y ) gozd , ga zd

.
, .

G o e t h i a n a d j of t h e G e r m a n p oe t G oe t h e [ a l s o s p e lt G oe
.

t h e a n ] g c z t i an
’
- -
.

’
g o e t y n ( b l a c k m . a i
g ) gc o o I tl
- -
.

g of f e r v f lu t e cr im p [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e gau er ; p ast

.
, ff
p a r t rc r p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t g o e r e d g ff
o er d ] g foz , g of az
’
o z-
’
ff ,
.

G o i d e l i c a d j ( of t h e G oid e l s ) got d e l xk
'
. .

] g
’
g o i t e r n b r o n c h o c e
. l e [ a l s o s p e l t g o i t r e or -
t az .

d
’
g o l d e n r o d n (p l a n t ) g o o l - n -
z od. .

c: law ,f u r m e a t o b ot o r b oy ; a
a: o : f a r , n o n ow , 8 : as k , or ki t e ;
, , ,

l e n gt h m a r k I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;

s t r e s s m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c hi e s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g syl l a b l e f .
2 4
0 DI CTIONARY O F H ARD WORD S
go dl i l oc s k n b u t t cu p , t c [ s o p e t g
e r e . a l s l o l d y l o c
. k s] goo d r l -
'

l ok s .

g ol f n ga m e [ f or m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e gaff] gol f , gozf ,

.

gof .

g o n d o l a n ( b o a t ) g
’
. on d a -
l a ; ( i m p r o p e r l y) g o n
’
d o o -l o .

g o n d ol i e r n ( on e w h o r ow s a g on d ol a ) gon d o l rzz
'
. .

g on e a dj ( u n d on e ; d e p a r t e d ) gozn g e n ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) gc zn
.
, .

’
g o n f a l o n n ( b a n n e r ,. e n s ig ) g
n o n f a -
l on .

’
g o n f a l o n i e r n ( s t a n d a r d -
b e a r e r ) g on f ol a n t zz
. .

g o n i d i a l a d j ( of a g on id iu m ) g o m d i al
’
-
. .

g o n i o m e t e r n ( g
a n l e -
m e as u r
. i n g d e v i c e ) g o n i o m r-
t ez .

h i [ l l f] g f -n of
’
k k
'
g o n o p n p c p o c
. e t a s o s p e t g o n n o o n a g o , .

g o n op h o r e n ( pa rt b e a ri n g t h e r e p r od u ct i v e l e m e n t s ) gon e
’
.

f ozz .

’
g o n o r r h e a n d i s e as e [ a l s
. o s p e l t g o n o r r h o e a ] g o n a z r i-a
.

i
’
g on y d e a l a j ( d o f t h e g o n y ; g
. s o n a l ) g o n t d al -
.

g o o d -b
y i n t e rj f a r e w e ll [ als o sp e lt g ood bye ] god b e r, gu
.
-
’

'
b ar .

n o t h i n g a dj gu d f az n A O n ) ( as s u m pt iv ly ) g od f e z
'
d - f - ’
g o o o r .
,

n A G I t) .

G o
o r k h a n n at v i o f . N e pa [ so p
l a l s e l t G h o o r k a ] g
’
u zz -k
a .

g o o s e n b ir d [ p l u r a l g e e s e ] g u u s
. .

’ '
go s b s b ez x
’
b b
'
o e e r r y n g u n z -
e z r g
. u u z b a z x g u n z -
, z r ; g u u - -
,
.

o
g p h e r n p o u c h .t r a t ; g r o u n d q s u i r r e l ; l a n d - or oi e
t t s ; s n ak e

[ a l s o s p e lt g oph ir ] g oo f oz
'
-
.

( m a g n i fice n t ) g ozz d 3 as
’
g o r g e o u s a dj
-
. .

g o r g t e n ( t h r o. a t a r m o r ; w i m p l e ;
-
n e c kl a c e ) g
'
o z z -
d st t .

g o r g o n n ( f e m a l e m on s t e r ) g ozz g a n
’
-
. .

’
g o r g o n i a n a d ] ( o f a g o r g o n ; g
. o r g o n l i k e ) g g o z oo -
n i - an -
.

g o r g o n i z e v p e t r i fy or g a z e a t i n t h e m a n n e r of a gorgon
.

[ a l s o s p e l t g or g on is e ] g o zz g a n a rz
’
- -
.

g or i l l a n ( la r g e a n t h r op oi d a p e ) g a z t l a
’
. .

g o r m a n d n gl u t t on [ s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e gou r m a n d ] gozz
'
.

m an d .

g o r m a n d i z e v e a t l ik e a g or m a n d [ a l s o sp e lt g or m a n d is e ;
.

s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e s g ou r m a n d iz e , g ou r m a n d is e ] -m a
'
g o zz n
d a Iz .

g o r s e n ( fu r z e w h in ) g o ze s
.
, .

g o s h a w k n ( l a r g e s h. o r t -
w i n g d h a w k ) g hczk
'
o s -
.

g o s l i n g n ( y ou n g g oos e ) g o z l n )
’
. .

’
g o s p e l n ( good t id i n gs ) g os pe l
. .

g o s p e l l e r n e v a n g e li s t ; r e a d e r ; b ook ; a d h e r e n t [ al s o s p e l t
.

g os pc IIa r ]
’
g o s p l oz
a -
.

i ye c cu r e ; b t h e
, 0t h i n 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe t Sc h e w ;
. ,

to w h e n ; i] ing ; S
11 w h oe v e r l r e a ct , 0 u l l on o ol r it , I i s e e ; , f , f ,

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g a t e ; , ,
 4
2 2 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
'
j
’
d '
j It ,
’ ’
d su e t
gz a gz z
e d su -
x t g ,
z ae su a t ; gz a d u e t , gz ae d u - -
,
- -

’
gz ze d j at
u -
.

g r a d u a t e a dj (g ra d u a t e d ; h o l d i n g a d e gr e e ;
. a r ra n g e d b y
’ ’
d e g r e e s ) gz aed su - e t ( a s s u mpt iv ly ) gz a d su - xt ; ( a ls o) gaa d
’
,

ju -
at .

d u a t e v gz aedsu - e t gz ae dj u - e t
’ ’
gr a . ,
.

g r a f f i t o n d ra w i.n g o r w r i t i n g s c r a t c h t on a w a ll [ pl u r al
ff
gr a it i] ge s i ri t o
'
-
.

g r a f t n ( s h o
. o t i n s e r t e d i n a n o t h e r s t o ck ; t ra n s p l a n t e d t i s

su e ) gz a zf t gz a zf t gz w zf t
, , .

g r a i l n cu p [ a l s o s p e l t g r e c l gr a a l ] gz e e l
. , .

i l m m a ke r s f il e [ a l s o s p e lt g r a ill e ] gz e e l
’

g r a n c o. b -
.

g r a i n n ( se e d ; w h e a t ; g ra n u l e ; w e igh t ; d ye ; t e x t u re ) gz e e n
. .

g r a m n u n it of w e igh t [ a ls o sp e l t gr a m m e ] gz ae m
. .

m j ( m m
’
g r a e r c y i n t e r t h a n k y o u ; . e r cy o n u s ! ) g z aa a z -s r
,

gz a m s z s x
’
.

m o o u s a dj
’
gr a i ni v r (g r a s s - e a t i n g) g z a
e
. m r n xv a -
z as .

g r a m m a r n ( k n ow le d ge of p a rt s of spe e ch , i n fl e ct i on s , sy n
.

t a x , e t c ) gz ae m az
’
. .

g r a m m a t i c i z e v re n d e r g ra m m a t ica l [ a ls o s pe l t gra mm a ti
.

'
c is e ] gz a m aet r- s a rz .

g r a n a d i l l a n p a s s i on f l ow e r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e gr e n a
.

d i ll a ] gz ae n o d t l a
’
.

h f i [p l l i ] g
'
gr a a yn r n s t o r e . o u s e o r g r a n u r a g r a n a r e s z e n a -
e x;

( ss
l e p r o p e r l y) g
’
a c e -
n o -
ex .

g r a n d a dj ( c h ie f m a in ; g r e a t ; l oft y ) gz ae n d , ( o t e n ) gz ae zn d ,
. , f
( in E n gla n d, s om e ti m e s ) gz o zn d .

g r a n d a m n gra n d m ot h e r ; a n c e s t r e s s ; gossip [ sy n ony m ous

.

m d a m e ] gz ae n d am
’
c go n a t e s g r a n d a e , g r a n d -
.

m d m m e m e a n i n g a s gr a n da m
’
g r a n d a e n g z ze n -
.e s a . .

[ l d
'
g r a n d a u n t n g r e a t -
a u .n t a s o s p e l t g r a n d -
a u n t ] g z a n -
a zn t .

g r a n d c h i l d n c hil d of on e s s on or d a u gh t e r [ p l u r a l gr a n d
’
.

'
S d tS a rl d
’
ch il d r e n ] g z aa n d -
t a I l g z a e n -
, .

g r a n d d a d n g r a n d f a
. t h e r [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , s p e l t gr a n d a d ]

d d aed
’
d
’
g z ae n d ae —
g z ae n -
, .

gr a n d d a u gh t er n ( d a u ght e r of on e s s on or d a u ght e r)
.

’ ’
gz ae n d -
d e z t a z g z z
-
e n -
d e z -
t az
, .

'
gz aen d 3 a z
’
gr a n d eu r n .
gz ae n d j a z , .

gr an d f a t h er n ( f at h e r of on e s f a t h e r or m ot h e r ; f or e
’
.

fa t he r ) gz aen d - f a z b az gese n - fa z-oaz ; ( s om e t im es a n te ri or ly

’ ’
-
, , ,
’
a s a t i tl e ) gz aen f ab az .

( im p os in g ; p om p ou s ) gz ae n di oos, ( as su mp
’
g r a n d i o s e a dj .

t iv ly ) gz a n d i os
'
-
.

j c
ye ,cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
to w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i re a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , I it , t i se e
.

f f
o p oe t ic ; s uv e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d. e e gate ;
 DI CTIONARY O F HA RD WORD S 2 3 4
gr a n dm a n. ( g r a n d m ot h e r )
’
gz z
e n d -m o
:
’
ge a n -
m o: m ’
gz ze
-m
m o: ( s om e t i m es , a n te r i or ly, as a t i t l e ) gz ze n m a , m
’ ’
gz ae a .

m m m a n ( gr a d m ot h e ) g m -m
gz aan m a
’
d d
’
gr a n a n r z z
e n -
e o: .

ma :
g r a n d m o t h e r n ( m ot h e r of on e s f a t h e r or m ot h e r ) gz ae n d
’ '
.

m a b oe , gz ae n - mA O az
'
.

g r a n d p a n ( gr a n d f a t h e r ) gz ae n d po: ( s ome t i m e s ,
’ ’
gz a n p a :
— -
.

a n t e r i or l y, a s a t i t l e ) gz ae m p a
’ ’
gz ze n p a ,
.

( gra n d f at h e r ; f ore f at h e r ) gz aen d s a rz , gz azn

' ’
g r a n d si r e n
-
.

sa l e .

’
d s on ( son of d aug ht e r ) d
’
- xn
gr an n . on e s s on or gz a
e n s ,
’
n -
gz ae sa n .

gr an i t e [ a l s o sp e lt gr a n i t ]
’
n . r ock gz ae n t t .

i v or o u s a dj ( gr a i n - e a t in g ) gz ae m v a-z as , gz a n xv a-z as ;
’ ’
gr a n .

( r a p i d ly ) g z a n i v z a s
’
.

g r a n n om n f ly [ a l s o sp e l t g r a n a m ] gz aen a m
’
. .

g r a n n y n g r a n d m ot h e r [ a ls o sp e l t gr a n n ie ; pl ura l gra n n i e s ]
.

'
gz a nl .

a dj ( ass um pt iv ly )
’ '
g r a n os e .
gz e n oos , g e n os.
z e -

gr a n t n .
, v .
( con s e n t , .
)
gz a zn t , gz a zn t , gz ae zn t
et c .

h o gr a n t s ) gz a zn - t az
’
g r a n t er n. ( on e w .

g r a n t or
’
n .
( m l aw , on e w h o m a ke s a g ra n t or con ve ya n ce )
gz a zn t ozz .

l os e j ( g ra n u la r ) gz ae n j u l oos , ( assu m ptiv ly ) j

’ ’
gr an u ad . gz a n u

l os .

( v i n e ry
’
gr a p er y n. ) ge c o-
p a -z r

gr a p h i c
’
( of d r aw
in g w rit i n g , e t c ; v iv id ) gz ae f rk
adj . , . .

g r a p n e l n r
g pp l i n g d e v ice ; a n ch or [ a l s o s pe lt gr apn al l ]
-
a .

’
gz ze l
’
, gz ae p n al .

g r a s p v clu t ch , s e i z e ; c om p r e h e n d [ p a s t p a rt rc rp l e a n d p r e t
.

p
e r 1 t g r a s e d, gr a spt ] gz a zsp , gz o zs p , gz a e zsp .

g r a s s n ( h e rb age , e t c ) gz a zs , gz o zs , gz ae zs
. . .

g r a t e v ( ru b h a rs hly ; p u l v e riz e b y ru bb i n g on a n in d e n t e d
.

f
su r a c e ) gz e e t .

gr a t e n ( . f r a m e w or k of b a rs ) ge c e t .

( )
’
gr a t er n . u t e n s il g z e e -
t az .
gr a t i s a dv .
, ad j (
. f r ee) gz e e
’
-
t xs ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) gz aet rs
’
.

( gr a t e fu ln e s s )
’
gr a t it u d e d
’
n. g z e
e t I t c
-
u ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly) gz ze t r
tud .

gr a t u i t o u s a dj ( r e e ; u n ca ll e d - f or ) gz a t cuu - I - t as
. f ’
.

g r a t i
u ty n i
g t, p s
re e n i l
t ; t p [p u a g a
r. l r t u i t ife s ] gz o
’
t c u t tr
u - -
.

g r a t u l a t o r y a dj ( con gr a t u la t ory ) gz aet Sol o t oz r, gz aet cula

’ ’
-
.

t oz r .

c: la w , fu r, a: e ca t , o
a b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow , 8 : a s k , or k i t e
h ot , or
'

l e n gt h -m a rk I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d 18 l on g ,
st e s
r s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch i e f
s t r e ss on t h e f ollow rn g syll a b l e .
2 4
4 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
gr a va m en [ pl ur a l gr a v a m ina ] -m a
’
n. g r i e v a n ce gz o v e e n.
gr a v a m in a gr a v a m e n ) m x na ,
’
( plura l of - ’
n gz a v aa
.
gz a v ee
m x- n a .

gr a v e n. ( b u r i a l -
p l a c e ) gz e e v .

g r a v e a dj ( w e ig h t y ; s e r iou s ; l ow ) gz e e v
. .

g r a v e a d j ( m m. u s i c, s l o w , s o l e m n ) g
’
a c z -
v r, gz ozv .

g r a v e v ( d ig ; i n ci se ; ca rv e ) gz e e v
. .

g r a v e v ( cl e a n ) gz e e v
. .

g r a v e l e d a dj cov e re d w it h gr a v e l [ al s o s p e l t gr av e ll e d , g r av
.

e l d ] gz a e v al d
’
.

g r a v e l i n g n ( t h e a ct i on of t h e v e rb gr av e l ; gr av e ld s u r f a c e )
.

gz ae v a l n ) ( r a p i d ly ) gz ze v l n )
’ ’
-
.
,

g r a v e l i n g n p a r r or y ou n g s a l m on [ a l s o sp e lt gr a v e l l i n g ;
.

sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e g r av e l i n ] lm
’
g z a e v a -
.

l i [ l ] g h
'
g r a v e l n e s s n a l s o s p e t g r. av e l i n e s s z ae v o -n rs
.

g r a v e l l y a dj a b ou n d in g i n gr a v e l [ a ls o spe l t gr av e ly ] ge a v a
'
.

it ( r a p i d ly ) gz ze v h
’
.
,

G r a v e s n ( w in e ) gz a zv , gz a zv gz ae zv
.
, .

g r a v i d a dj ( p re g n a n t ) gz ae v xd
’
. .

g r a y a d j a.s h -
col or e d , e t c [ a l s o s p e lt gr ey] ge co . .

’
g r a z i e r n ( o n e . w h o g r a z e s c a t t l e ) g z e e -
saz .

g r e a s e n ( a n im a l f at ) gz ris
. .

g r e a s e v s m e a r or lu b r ica t e w it h gr e a s e [ p ast pa rt rc rpl e a n d

.

p re t e r 1 t gr e a s e d a n d , s om e t i m e s , gr e a s t ] gz ris , gz riz .

g r e a s e r n ( on e w h o a pp lie s g re a s e ; n a t iv M e xica n or Sou t h

.

A m e r ica n ) gz xi- s az , gz xi-z az

’ ’
.

i i
' ’
g r e a s y a d j ( s m e a .r d w i t h g r e as e , e t c ) g z r -s r
, g z x -z r . .

g r e a t a dj ( b ig ; d i s ti n g u i s h t ) ga s e t , ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) ge e t
. .

g r e a t c o a t n h e a v y o v e
. r c o a t ; t o p
-
c o a t [ a l s o sp e l t g r ea t -c
oa t ]
’
g e c e t -k
oot ( in a l ly, o t e n ) gz e e t koot
,
f ’
f .

g r e a v e n ( a r m or ) gz riv
. .

g r e a v e s n pl s c ra p s i n cake s ; cra cklin gs [ f orm e r sy n on y

. .

m ou s cog n a t e g r av es ] gz l iv z .

g r e b e n ( b i r d ) ge rih
. .

G r e e i z e v giv e G r e e k f or m t o ; b e c om e Gre e k-like [ als o s p e lt

.

G r e cis e G r a e ciz e , G r a e c is e ] gz xi - sa t z
’
.
,

G r e g o r i a n a d j ( of Pop e G r e gory r s t , e t c ) ge r ge z-vi -a n

.
’
. .

’
g r e n a d e n ( e xpl os iv s h e ll , e t c ) gz x n e e d
. . .

b i r d ) gz e n a d xzz
'
g r e n a d i e r n ( s o l d i e r ; . w e a v e r -
.

’
g r e n a d i n n ( c o a l -
t a r. c o l o r ) g z e n o -
d rn .

g r e n a d i n e n ( s ilk f ab ri c) ge e n a d in , gz e n e d xi n
’ ’
-
. .

g r e y a dj gz e e . se e gr a y . .

-h a u
] g nd
’
g r e y h o u n d n d og [ a s o s p e t g ay
l . l r h o u n d z e e .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 5 a z u re , ( 13 10 s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
t o w h e n ; n sin g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u l 1 on 001, r it , 1 1 se e ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , c uet i a l, A M a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d, s e gat e ;
2 6 4 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
'
g r ou n d s e l n ( w e e d ) ge a u n d - s al . .

g r o u n d s i l l n g r ou n d p l a t e ; s i ll.
[ a l s o s p e l t gr o u n d - i l
s l ; sy n
-

'
on y m ou s cog n a t e g r ou n d s e l ] g e a u n d -
s xl .

g r ou s e n b ir d [ pl u ra l gr ou s e ] ge a u s
. .

g r o v e l v l ie p r on e ; cr a w l [ p r e se n t p a rt rc rp l g gr av e l in g , g r ov
.

e ll in g ; p as t p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t gr a v el e d , gr ov e ll e d, g r ov

e ld ]
’
g e ov a l .

g r o v e l e r n o n e w h o g r o v e
. l s [ a ls o s p e l t g r o ve ll e r ]
'
ge o v a-l ez
,

( r a p id ly ) ge ov l ae
’
.

d f ood ) ge u u al
'
g r u e l n ( l i q.u i -
.

g r u e s om e a dj f e a r fu l gr isly [ a l s o .
, s pe l t gr cw s om e ]
'
ge au
sam .

gr u m m et n . r in g o f r op e ; me tal e y e le t [ a ls o s p e lt gr om m e t,
gr om e t ] ge A m xt
'
.

y s b ok a n t e l op e [ al s o s p e lt g r e is b ok ] b ok
’
gr n .
ge a xs -
.

[ i
'
gu a i a c n . w ood ; t r e e ; gu a i a cu m als o s p e lt gu ia c ] g w a -ak
,

j
’
g w e e -
ze k .

( m a m m a l ) gw a n a z-ko.
’
gu a n a co n .

in [ a ls o ]
’
gu an n . s p e lt g u a n in e g w a z-n rn
.

gu a n o ( n . m se a
a n u r e ) g -
w f ow l
a z-
n o, gj u a eno
’ ’
.

g u a r a n t e e n ( p e r s on w h o m a k e s a gu a ra n t y : c or re l a t rv of
.

g u a r a n t or ; a l s o t h e a ct of gu a r a n t e e in g ; s e cu ri t y, gu a ra n
,

t y ) gze e e n t l i , ( a n t e r ior ly , o t e n ) gw e a n -t i
' ’
f .

g u a r a n t e e v ( b e a g u a r a n t e e , w a r r a n t , or s u r e t y f or ; s e cu r e ,
.

m m
'
i ti
’
g u a r a n t y) g ze e o n t x ( a n t e r i o r l y, s o e t i e s ) g
, ze e e n -
.

g u a r a n t o r n ( on e w h o m a k e s a gu ara n t y or gi v e s a se cu
.

y
r it ) g aee e n t o ze
'
.

s a m e m e a n i n g a s g ua ra n t e e
’
gu a r a n t y n v gaze an t l
-
. . .
, .

g u a r d n p r ot e c t ion ; w a t ch ; p r ot e ct or [ a l s o s p e l t ga r d ] g a ze d
.

( d ia l e c t a l ly ) gj a ze d .

g u a r d i a n n p r o t e c t o r ;
. k e e p e r [ a l s o s p e l t g a r d i a n ] g
’
a ze -
di
on , ( l e s s o t e n )
’
f
ga ze d j a n ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) ga e d ri n
’
-
.

g u a v a n ( t r e.e ; r u i t ) g
’
w a z -
v o ; ( ifm r o e r ly) g
’
w c z -
va p p .

b i l d j ( f ) g i
'
g u e r n a t o r a a o a g o ve r n o r u b. a e n a t a z-
e -
al , gj u
b ae n e t a z e i ol
’
- -
.

g u d g e o n n ( f i s h ; b a it ; gu l l ib l e p e rs on ) g A d 3 an
'
. .

G u e b e r n Z or oa st ri a n Pa r s e e [ a ls o s p e l t G u e b r e, G h e b er ,
. ,

G h e b r e , G h e bir ] g ri b ae g e e b ae
’ '
- -
.
,

g u e l d e r -r o s e 11 [ also or m e r ly .s p e l t g e l d e r r os e ]
-
, f ’
g e l d ae ,

e ooz .

G u elp h n .
p a p ist [ a l s o s p e lt G ue lf ] g w e l f .

d l e op a r d [ a l s o s p e l t g e pa r d ] g e p ae d
’
gu ep ar n . .

d on ( r e w a r d ) g a ze d on g nze d on
’ ’
gu e r n v - -
. .
,

j c cu r e : a t h e
ye , 9 t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; .

w w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h o e v e r , 1 r e a ct ( 1 u l l , uu ool , r i t , ri s e e ;
.

, f f
o p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , c a e r1 a 1, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 4
2 7

]
'
gu er ez a n . m on k e y [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e g u e rz a g e e t -
z a.
’ ’
g u er n sey n. ( v e st ) g ue n z r , gs ze n -z x
.

ir r e gu l a r w a r f a r e [ a l s o s p e l t g u e r il l a ] g o e xle
’
gu err ill a n. .

g u e s s v ( e s t i m a t e ; f a n cy ; b e p r e t t y su re ) g e s
. .

g u e s t n ( on e w h o is e n t e r t a i n d ; b oa r d e r ) g e s t
. .

la u gh ) g A f c
’
g u f f a w n ( l o u d c o .a r se l a u g h t e r ; h o rse -

i da ns ; ( dia
’ ’
gu i d a n ce n (g u i d i n g; . l e a d e r s h p) g a r -
d n s , g a I -

l ec t a l ly ) gj a t -d n s
’
.

g u i d e v ( l e a d , con du ct ) g a rd ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) gj a xd
. .

’
g u i d o n n f l
( g ) g d an
a . a I -
.

g u i g e n h i l d st r a p [ a l s o s p e l t g ig e ] g l i3 g rid 3
-
s e . , .

g u i l d n gi ld . s e e g ild . .

g u i l d e r n coin [ a ls o, f or m e r l y s p e l t gil d e r ] g xl d ae
’
.
, .

g u i l e n ( cu n n i n g ) g a t l ; ( d i a 1e c t a lly ) gj a xl
. .

i l m ( p l a n e ) g i l j oom
’
g u l a u e n r e b a t e -
. .

m ( ) g -m a m ot
' '
g u i l l e o t n s e a -
b i r d . I h t , g t h -
.

’
g u i l l o c h e n , v g t l ooS . . .

l ( d t in , g rl a t rin , ( r a r e ly )
' ’
g u i l o t i n e n b e h e a d i n g
-
. e v ic e ) g r l a -

g xl a t m
’
-
.

g u i l t n ( a n off e n s e ; w ick e d n e ss ) g i l t
. .

g u i n e a n ( f o r m e r .
g o l d c o i n ; t w e n t y
-
o n e s h i lli n gs ) g m x
'
.

g u i p u r e n ( l ace ) g 1 p eu :e
’
. .

g u i s e n ( b e h a v ior ; g a r b ; a s p e ct ) g a rz ; ( d i a l e c t a lly ) gj arz

. .

g u i t a r n ( m u 5 1ca l in s t ru m e n t ) g r t a ze
’
. .

l j ( f h ) gj
'
g u a r a d o t e .t h r o a t o r g u l a u u -
l ae .

g u l a s h n ( m e at d i s h ) g uu lae$
’
-
. .

g u l c h n ( ra v in e , g or ge ) g A l t S ( in B r i ta i n ) gA l S
.
, .

g ul d an
’
g u l d e n n ( g ol d coin ; s il v e r c oi n ) guu l d e n
’
. , .

g u l e s n ( r e d ) gj u u l z
. .

b e a j ( p
'
gu l l i l d c a a b l e o. f b e i n g gu d o d p l r u e d ) g A l a -
b al .

m b ( gu m m
’
gu a r a i c n a ca c i a ) g
. e ze e a -
b rk .

m m j ( i k m m ) g m
’
g u a t o u s a d l e a g u a
. A a -
t as .

gu n n ies n I n m in i n g , b r e a d t h [ a l s o s p e l t g u n n is ] gA n t s ,
’
.

’
gA n l z .

[ al s o s om e t im e s , sp e l t
’
le
’
gunw a n gu n n e l ] gA n w e e l, g A n al ,
-
.
,

g A nl
’
.

S su r gi n g
’
gu r g i t a t i on n ( ) . g ce d3 1 t e e -
an .

g n s t a t o r y a dj ( of t a st e ) gA s t a t oe r gA st a t ae r
’ ’
- -
.
, .

g u t t a - e r ch a
p n ( d r ie d j u ice of D ich op si s gu tt a e t c )
.
, .
gA t a
’
paet S g A t e p a ze t S
’
e , a -
.

g u t t a t e d a dj ( h av in g d r op l ik e s p ot s or m a s s e s ) gA
’
.
- -
tet t d,
'
gA t e e -t rd .

gu y n . r op e [ pl u ra l g uy s ] g a r .

cz l aw ,fura: ,
at c a t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f a r , a o n ow , a : a s k , a : kit e ;
or
l e n gt h - m a rk ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
s t r e s s ma r k
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch1e f
s t r e ss on t h e f ollow m g sylla b l e .
 4
2 8 DICTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S
gu y n .
gr ot e sq u e f
p e rson ; r igh t [ pl u r al g uys ] ga r .

gu y v. ( t re at as a gu y ; r id i cu le ) ga r .

i n i a d n fi s h [ a l so s p e lt gw yn ia d , gu in ia d ] gw m i-od
’
gw . .

gy b e v p u t .a b o u t ; s a il r o u n d [ a l s o s p e l t j i b e ] d 3 a rb .

gy m n a s i u m n p l a c e f o r gy m n a s
. t i cs ; sc h o o l [ pl ural gym n a
m m m d m i-e m
d3 m 1 n e e
’ ’
m ]
'
s i a , gy n as i u s d 3 1 n e e -
3 e , 3 x n e e -
z ,

3 om
i -
.

m m
'
m d
’
gy n a s t n d 3 1 -
n a zs t , .
3 1 -
n acst
s ) d 3 1 m na s t 1k
’
gy m n a s t i c a d j ( o f a t h l e t i c e x e r e 1
. s e .

gy m n o s p e r m n ( p l a n t h a v i n g n a k e.d s e e d s o r ovul es z cor

r e l a t i v o f a n g i os p e r m )
’
d 3 rm n o s p a ze m -
.

g y n a e c e u m n w om e n s a p a r t m e n t s [ pl u r a l gyn a ecea ] dsxn r

’
.

i em
'
i
’
s r -
e m d3 a I -
,
n 1 s r -
.

g y n e c o l o g i s t n s p e ci a l ist i n d ise a se s of w om e n [ also s pe lt .

] 3 d d
'
k l d
’
gy a n e c o l o g is t 1 11 1 o o s xs t , 3 a I -
n 1 k o l a -
-
d 3 l st .

gy n o e c i u m n p i s t i l o r p i s t i l s coll e ct iv ly [ a l s o s pe l t gynoe ci
.

um m l l i ] 3 i i om
’
, gy n a ec e u ; p u r a gy n o ec a d 1 n 1 -
s -
.

( s t a lk b e a ri ng t h e gy n oe ciu m , et c ) d3 m o
'
g y n op h o r e n . .

f oze d 3 a 1 - n o- f oze
’
.
,

g y p s u m n ( n a t iv ca l ciu m su l f a t e ) d 3 1 psom
’
. .

gy p s y n . se e gi p sy .

b or d e r h e m [ p l u ral gy r a e ] d 3 a l -e o
'
g yr a n. , .

'
g y r a t e v ( r ot a t e , w hirl ) d3 a l e e t
-
. .

j ( i i i d
’
gy r a t e a d c r c n a t e ; m
. e a n d r n ) d 3 a i -
e e t ,
’
3 a r -eo
t .

i ( h li hi li g) Son
'
gy r a t o n n w e e n g; w . r n d 3 a 1 e e e -
.

j (
’
d i l i g)
'
gy r a t o r y a w h r n d 3 a I. e o -
t o e r , d s s r-e
o t oe r
- -
.

i l l f us )
’
gy r n ( p . u r a o g y r d3 a1 e a 1 -
.

'

g y r o n n y a dj ( h a v in g g r on s ) d 3 a r e o n 1 , d 3 a r e on r
.
’
- - y ’
.

gy r o s c o p e n ( y
fl -w h e e l w it h
. r e e l y t u r n i n g a xi s , e t c )
-
f . di mi
’

e o- s k op .

j i p ( g m m d3 a r
’
gy r o v a n l v a r a n t . o n k s ) 3
. d e o v a -
.

l i [ ]
’
gy r u s n c o n v o . u t o n ; gy r e p l u r a l gy r i d 3 a r-e 3 8
.

h
’
gy t r a s n ( p
s e c t e r , g. h o s t ) g t gzr s
a i -
.

gyv e n , v . . f
e t t e r , s h ackl e [ a l s o s p e lt g iv e ] d3 a l v .

h a i n t e rj [ a l s o s p e lt h a h ] h a : ( w h en l es s s tr es t ) ha
. .

h a b e a s c or p u s p h ra s e n ( h a v e t h e b ody : a w rit r e q u iring , .

t h e b od y of a p e r s on t o b e b r ou gh t b e f or e t h e j u d ge or i n t o
cou r t ) h e b i os k o ze p os ( l e s s of t e n ) h aeb i os ko ze p os
’ ’
- - - -
, .

h a b e r g e o n n s l e e v e l e s s coa t of m a il e t c [ s yn on y m ous cog

.
, .

n a t e h a u b c r g c on ]
’
hze b oe d son h o b ne d 3 on h o b s e d 3 i-on
' ’
-
, , .

j ye c cu r e : a t h e 9 t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sche w ;
, .

w w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , a u ll , ou ool , I it , xi s e e
;
.

f f
0 p oe t 1c ; 9 ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , oz d oor, oo n o, e b e d , s e gat e ;
250 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
h a l l o w e d a dj [ a lso, s om e t im e s, s p e lt h a ll a w d ] hazlod , ( s om e
'
.

t im e s ) ha l o- I d
'
.

h a l m n ha zm , hczm
. s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s h a ul m .

h a l o n circle of l 1gb t , e t c [ pl u r a l h a l os, h a loes, h al on e s ]

. .

h e e -l o
’
.

h a l o i d n ( salt -lik e ) ha -l oxd , h e e -l oxd hazl o-rd

' ’ '
. .
,
‘
h a l t e r n ( r op e w i t h he a d st a l l ) h c zl-t oe
.
’
.

’
h a l t e r n p oi se r of a n i n se ct [ plu ra l h al t er e s ] b a lt ez
.
'
.

h a l t e r e s n ( plu ral of h a l t e r ) h ael t rz-z i z

’ ’
. .

h a l v e v d iv id e i n t o t w o e q u al pa r t s , e t c [ p a st pa rt rcrpl e an d
. .

p r e t e r 1 t h a l v e d h a lv d ] h a zv h a zv ha zv , , , .

h a l y a r d n rup e or t a ckl e f or r a i sin g or l ow e ring a sa il ,

.

etc . [ al s o spe l t h all ia r d ; s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e ha nlya r d ]

h e l ioe d
’
.

h a m a d r y a d n w ood n y m ph s e rp e n t
. [ lura l ha ma dryads , °

p
ha m a d ry a d e s ] hae m o dt a i od htom a- dra i-od
’ '
-
.
,

h a m a d r y a s n ( b a b oon ) h o m ze dt i os h o m e e -d ri-os , ha m a
’ ’
-
. ,

d ra i os h aem o-d rai-os

’ '
-
.
,

h a m a t e a dj ( h ookt ) h e e m e t h e e -m ot
’ '
-
. .
,

H a m i t e n ( d e sce n d a n t of H a m ) hze - m a rt
.
'
.

h a m m e r n ( p ou n d i n g t ool e t c ) hae m oe
’
-
. .
, .

h a m m o c k n ( h a n gi n g b e d ) haem ok
'
. .

h a n d b o o k n ( m a n u a l ) h ze n d b uk hte n -b uk
’ '
-
. .
,

h a n d c u f f n m a n acl e [ d i a l e ct a l s y n on y m ou s cogn at e ha n dy
.

'
ff k A f h ae n k A f ha n k of
’
] d
’
cu h a n -
,
-
, .

h a n d f u l n as m u ch a s w ou ld f il l t h e h a n d [ p lu ral h a n dfuls
.

a n d l e s s p r op e r l y
, h a n ds u l ] b er n d f ul ha n f ul h a n f ol
’ ’
-
,
'
f -
, , .

h a n d i c a p n ( r a ce or c om p e t it i on i n w h ich t h e ch a n ce s of t h e
.

c om p e t it or s a r e e q u a l iz e d ; e x t r a e n cu m b r a n ce ) h a n d r-ka p
’
.

h a n d i w o r k n ( w ork of t h e h a n d s ) hae n d r-w s ze k

'
. .

h a n d k e r c h i e f n a cl ot h f or w ip in g t h e f a ce n os e , e t c [ dia
.
, .

l e ct a l s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e s h a n d ke rc h er h a n k er ch er ; pl u ral ,

h a n d k e r c h i e s ] hae nk oe -t S
’
rf f .

h a n d s om e a dj ( h a n dy ; apt ; f a ir ; s e e ml y ; b e a u t i fu l ) hz n
'
.

s om .

h a n s o m n ( cab ) hae n s om '

. .

h a p p e n v occu r ; b e f all ; ch a n ce t o b e [ p ast p a rt rcrpl e a n d

.

p r e t e r 1 t h a pp e n e d h a pp e n d ] h ze p on ( o t e n ) hae p m
’ ’
, , f .

h a p p i n e s s n ( pl e a su r a b l e c on t e n t : f e l icit y ) hze p r- m s
’
. .

h a r a -k i r i n ( su icid e b y d i s e m b ow e l m e n t ) h a z- e o k xz-e 1 hz e o
'
. ,
'
k rz- e 1 .

h a r a n g u e v d e cl aim [ al s o s p e lt h ar an g ; p ast pa rt rc rple an d

.

’
p r e t e r rt h a r a n gu e d h ar a n gd ] h o eae n , .

j 9 t hin ; 3 az u re d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t sch e w ;

'

ye , c cu r e ; a t he , ,

111 w h e n ; 1) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct a u l l , on f ool , I it , xi se e ;
°
. f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , oz d oor , oo n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 25 1

h a r a s s v t r ou b l e , w orry [ p a st p a r t rcrpl e a n d pre t e r 1 t h a

.

ha e os ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) h o ee s, h o e ae zs
’ ’ ’
r a s s e d, h a r a s t ] .

h b -d oe
’
h a r b i n g e r n ( ha rb ore r ; . f o r e r u n n e r ) a ze - rn 3 .

’
h a r b o r n s h e lt e r ; h a v e n [ a s o s p e t
. l l h a b ou ]
r r h a ze -
b oe .

h a r b o r a g e n [ al s o spe l t h a r b o ur a g e ] h a ze-b a-e 1 d3

’
.
.

h a r b o r e r n [ al s o s p e l t h ar b ou r er ] ha ze -b o-e oe
'
. .

h a r d -p r e s s e d a dj [ a l s o s p e l t h a r d -p r es t ] h a ze d ps e st, ( as
’
.

s u m pt iv ly )
'
h a ze d -ps e st .

’
h a r e b e l l n w ild hy acin th ; b lu e b e l l [ a l so sp e lt h ai rb ell ] h e ze
.

b el .

h a r e b r a i n e d a dj ha v ing n o m or e b r a in t h a n a h a r e ; ras h
.

[ -b e e e n d
’
a l s o s p e l t h a r e b r a i n d , h a ir b r a i n e d ] h e z e .

h a r e e m n [ a ls o sp e lt h ar im ] h o e ri m sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s h a
'
. .

r em .

h a r e l i p n ( cl e ft u ppe r lip ) h e ze -l xp
.
'
.

h a r e m n t h e p a rt of a M oha m m e d a n d w e ll in g occu pie d b y

.

t h e w om e n ; t h e w iv e s a n d c on cu b in e s col le ct iv ly of a T u rk ,
Pe r s ia n , or In dia n M u ss u l m a n [ a l s o sp e l t h a r a m ; sy n on y
m ou s cog n a t e s h ar e e m, h a r i m ] h e z-e om , ( l es s o t en ) h a z
' '
f
e om .

h a r i c o t n ( ragou t ; k id n e y b e a n ) haee x k o, ha e r- k ot
.
-
’
-
’
.

h a r k e n v li st e n [ a l s o sp e l t h e ar k e n ; p a st pa r t rcrpl e a n d
.

d h
’
h k -k
h k ] b k
'
p r e t e r 1 t a r e n e , a r e n d a z a n , a ze on .

H a r l e i a n a dj ( of R ob e rt H a r le y ) h a ze - l i-on , ha e l ri- on
.
’ ’
.

h a r l e q u i n n ( b u ff oon , cl ow n ) h a ze - l r- kw xn , h a ze - l r- k xn
' ’
. .

h a r m o n i c a dj ( m u s ica l ; h a r m on iou s ; of h a r m on y ) h ae
.

m on t k
'
.

h a r m o n i c a n ( m u s ica l g l a s s e s ; h a r m on icon ) ha e m on t - ko
’
. .

h a r m on i c o n n ( s m a l l m u s ic a l r e e d -in st ru m e nt orc he st r ion

.

acou s t ic f l a m e a p pa r a t u s ) h a e m on r k on
’
- —
.

h a r m on i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t h ar m on is e ] h a ze -m o- n a t z
'
. .

h a r p s i c h or d n ( pia n o like i n s t r u m e n t ) h a ep s r- koze d

-
.
’
.

h a r q u e b u s n gu n [a l s o s pe l t h a r q u e b u s e h ar q u e b u s s ; s y n
. ,

on y m ou s ar q u e b u s ] h a e kw I - b os ; ( er r on e ous ly )
'
c og n a t e

h a e kw r- b j u s
’
.

h a r q u e b u s i e r n s old ie r [ a ls o s p e lt h a r q u e b u ss i e r a n d s om e ,

t im e s , a r q u e b u s i e r ] h a e kw xb o s xze , h a e k xb o s rze , a e k w rb o s rze ,

’ ’ ’

’
a e k rb o s xze .

h a r r i d a n n v ixe n [ also s p e l t h a r i d a n ] hx e r-d a

’
. .

h a r r i e r n ( on e w h o h a r rie s ; f a l c on ) h ze e i- s e
’
. .

h a r t n ( m a l e d e e r) b a ze t
. .

h a r t b e e st n a n t e l op e . [ s y n on ym ou s cogn at e h ar t e b ees t ]
b z t b rist
’
-
a e .

c: l aw , fur,
a: o cat , o
a b a y ; 0: f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a s k , a t ki t e ;
ha t , or
l e n gt h - m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t ha t t h e p re ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;
s t r e s s -
ma rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s chie f
s t r e ss on th e f ol l ow rn g sy llab l e .
2 52 DICTI ONARY O F HARD W ORD S

h a r t e b e e s t n [ pl ur al h a r t e b e es ts, ha r t e b e e s t ] haet a-b rist.

.
’

h a ze -t o-b rist , h a ze t -b rist

'
sa m e m e a n 1 ng as h ar t b eest . .

H a r t l e i a n a dj ( of Da v id H a rt l e y ) h a e t L i on h ae t l ri -ou
.
'
-
’
, .

h a r t s h o r n n ( f or m e rly , hor n of a h a rt ; la tt e rly , sme l ling

.

’
sa l t s ) h a ze t s-h oze n .

h a r u m s c a r u m a dj ( he e dle s s ) h e z e om sk e z-eom , hm m
- ' ’
- -
.

s kzee om .

h a r u s p e x n R om a n s oot h sa y e r of Et ru sca n origin [ syn on

.

y m o u s c o g n a t e h a r u s p i c e ; p l u r a l h a r u s p i c e s ] h o e A -
s pe k s
’
.

h a s h e e s h n hze S i s ha S xiS sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s h as h is h
’ ’
-
. , . .

h a s h i s h n In d ia n - h e m p p re pa r a t ion [ sy n on y m ous cogn at e

.

h a s h e e s h ] ha S IS
'
.

h a s l e t n r oa s t m e a t ; p ig s f ry [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e h am l e t ]
’
.

' ’
hae s a ot , h e e s a ot ha z z l ot
’
- -
.
,

h a s p n ( d oor cl a sp e t c ) h a zsp h a zsp h a zsp

.
-
,
.
, , .

h a s s o c k n ( t u ss ock ; cr ick e t ) hx s ok
’
. .

h a s t e n v h u r ry [ p ast pa r t rc rp le a n d p r e t e r 1 t h as t en e d hasb
.
,

t en d ] h e e - s on , h e e - s n ( in p ar t s of t h e n or t h of Engla n d
’ '
,

a n d S co t l a n d a n d t h e n or t h of Ir e l a n d, w h e n c e a ls o b y s om e
,

i n A m e r ica ) h e e -st on h e e -s t n
’ ’
.
,

h a s t i n e s s n ( h u r r i e d n e s s ; q u ick n e s s of t e m pe r ) h e e -st x-n rs

'
. .

h a t ch e l v h a ck l e . h e ck l e [ pr e se n t p a r t rc rpl e ha t c h e ling,
,

h a tch e ll in g ; p a st pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t h a tc h e l e d h a tc h ,

e ll e d h a t c h e ld ] ha t S ol
’
.
,

h a t c h e t n ( l ig h t s h ort h a n d l e d a x ) h azt t
’
-
. .

h a t c h w a y n ( ope n i n g i n a d e ck or f l oor ) ha t Sw e e
’
-
. .

h a t r e d n h e e t gl d ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) h e e t t gl d
’ ’
- -
. .

h a u g h t y a dj ( p r ou d a r r oga n t ) h c z t r
'
-
.
,

h aulm n st e m s
. and s t a lk s ; st ra w [ s y n on ym ou s cogna t e
h al m ] h c zm .

h a u n ch n ( pa rt b e t w e e n r ib s a n d t high ; le g a n d l oi n )
.

h c zn t S h a zn t S h a zn t S ( a l s o a n d i n B r it a in n or m a lly ) h c a
, , , , ,

ha a h a a , .

h a u n t v ( f r e q u e n t e t c ) h c zn t h a zn t b a za t
. ,
.
, , .

h a u t b o y n w i n d i n st r u m e n t ; st r a w b e r r y [ a l s o i n t h e s e n se
.
-
,

of s t r a w b e r ry s p e l t h a u t b o is ; a l s o
, f or m e rly, 1 n t h e se nse ,

l y]
’
o f w i n d i n s t r u
-
m e n t s p e t h a b a h o o -
b or
, .

h a u t e u r n ( l of t in e s s h a u g h t in e s s ) h o t u ze
’
. , .

h a v e v h ze v ( w h e n l e s s s t r as t ) h ov ov v
. , , , .

h a v o c n d e v a s t a t ion [ a l s o s p e lt h a v oc k ] hae v ok
’
. .

H a w a i i a n a dj ( of H a w a ii ) h o w a x j on
’
-
. .

h a w s e n ( t h e p a r t of a s hi p s b ow w h e r e t h e h a w s e -h ole s are ,
’
.

e t c ) h czz
. .

j ye , c cu e ; a t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
r
11) w h e n ; 1) s 1 n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou f ool , I it , Ii se e ;
.

f
0 poe ti c ; o ov e r , e a e r1 al , A b u t , oz d oor, ou n o, e b e d , s o gat e;
25 4 DI CTIONA R Y O F H A R D WORD S
h e c t o m e t e r n a m e a su r e of on e h u n d re d m e t e rs [ al so spe lt
.

h e c t om e tr e ] h e k t o- m xi- t oe
'
.

h e d g e h o g n ( u rch in , e t c ; pla nt ) h e d3 - hog '

. . .

h e d o n i s m n ( h a pp in e s s t h e ory ) b ri d a n xz om , h e de -a rz a m
’ '
- - -
. .

h e e l n ( h in d e r p a rt of t h e f oot ) h xil
. .

H e g e l i a n a dj ( of H e ge l ) h r i '
-
l i on h l ge e -li-an
.
-
’
,

h e g e m o n i c a dj ( ru l in g ; su p r e m e ) h e d3 r m on 1 k , h 1d3 l m on 1 k ,
' '
.

h ig x m on xk
’
.

h e g e m o n y n ( l e a d e r s h ip ) h r d 3 e m o n 1 h x ge m o a r h e d3 1
’ ’ '
.
- -
, ,

m on r h e g r m on x b ri d 3 1 m on 1 , h xi g r m on r, b ri-d 3 r-m on r,
' ’ ' '
- - - - -
, ,

h e d 3 1 - m on 1
’
.

h e g i r a n f ligh t of M oh a m m e d f r om M e cca t o M ed in a ; e xo
.

d u s [ a ls o sp e l t h ej ir a ] b r d 3 a r e o h e d 3 1 -e o
' ’
-
.
,

h e g u m e n 11 ( h e a d of a r e l igiou s com m u n i t y ; he gu me n os )
.

h x gj u u -m on
’
.

h e h i n t e r j ( e xp r e ss m g s or r ow
. su rp r is e , e t c or ca l lin g a t ,

t e n t ion ) h e e .

’
h e i f e r n ( y ou n g c ow ) h e f oe
. .

h e i g h in t e r j c a ll i n g a t t e n t i on e t c [ al so sp e l t h ey a nd , som e
. , .

t im e s h i ] h a r h e e
, , .

h e i g h -h o i n t e r j e x p r e ss rn g su rp ri s e l a n gu or y a w n i ng, e t c
.
, , .

[ l l i ] h i
’ ’
h h h h h h ho
’
a s o s p e t h e g o e y o a oo a r o e
, e -
,
—
, .

h e i g h t n a l t it u d e e t c [ a l s o s p e lt h igh t ; syn on y m ous cogn at e

.
, .

h ig h t h ] h a l t ; ( i mp r op e r ly ) h a rt O com pa r e h igh t h . .

h e i g h t e n v r a is e ; i n t e n s i fy [ a l s o s p e lt h igh t en ; p ast pa rt r
.

c rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t h e ig h t en e d h e ig h t e n d ]
’
h a r-t n , .

h e i n o u s a dj ( h a t e fu l ; a t r ocious ) he e n os ; ( i mp r op er ly) b ri
’ ’
-
.

n os .

h e i r n ( on e w h o i n h e ri t s ; offs p ri n g ; p os s e ss or ) e ze
. .

h e i r l oo m n ( ch a tt le t h a t f oll ow s t h e d e v olu t ion of r e a l os

.

t a t e ; a r t icl e or c h a r act e r ist ic h a n d e d d ovfii f r om g e n e ra t i on

t o ge n e r a t i on ) e ze - l uu m
’
.

h e i r s h i p n ( s t a t e of a n h e ir ; i n h e rit a n ce ) e ze - S
.
'
rp .

h e l i a c a l a dj ( n e a r t h e su n ) h r l a i-o-kol
'
. .

h e l i c e s n ( pl u r a l of h e l ix ) h e l x- si z
’
. .

h e l i c i n n ( gl y c osid e of s a l icylic ac id ; al s o, a n oily su b st a n ce

.

fr om s n ail s) h e l r-srn
’
.

h e l i c i n e a dj s p i r a l c oil d ; of t h e h el ix of t h e e ar [ a l so,
.
,

s om e t i m e s s p e l t h e l ic i n ]
’
h el r s m h e l x-s a rn
’
-
, , .

h e l i c o i d a dj ( l ike a h elix ; s cr e w s h ap e d ; spir al ) h e h -kord

.
-
'
.

h e l i o c e n t r i c a dj ( re f e rr e d t o t h e su n a s a ce n t e r ) b ri-l i-o
.

s r n t g1 k
’
.

h e l i o t r o p e n ( pl a n t ; b l ood s t on e ; su n -d ial ) b ri-l i-o-txop

'
. .

j ye c cu r e : a t h e
. 9 t hi n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; s h oe , t Sc h e w ;.
.

w w h e n ; 1] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , u f u l l , a n 001, r i t , I i s e e ;
o p oe t ic ; s uv e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , oz d oor , oo n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 2 55

b ri-h ks ,
’
h eli x n . sp ir a l , c oil ; v olu t e [ plu ral h elices, h e l ixes ]
h e l rk s
’
.

t) h -b
’
h e l l e b o e n (p
r l a n e .h oze .

H el l en e n ( G e ) -li n
he l l i n
'
k h
’
r e . e , .

H e l l e i c a dj ( o t e H ; G i ) e i n rk
' ’
n f h e l l e. n e s r ec a n h l e n rk , h e l t -
.

H e l l e n i z e v u s e G r ee k ; a d op t H e ll e n is t ic w ays ; m a ke G r e e k
.

H
’
[ a lso s p e t l e ll e n s e ]
i h e l t -n
a xz .

H e l l e s p o n t i n e a dj of t he H e l l e sp on t [a ls o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt
.

H e ll e s pon t in ] h e l I -s pon t m , h e l x spon t rn , h e l x spe n -t a t n

’ ' '
.

h e l l o i n t er j b a l oo sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s h a l lo
'
. . .

h e l m n ( t ill e r ; st e e r in g w h e e l ) h e lm ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) h e lom

’
.
- .

h e l o t n ( Sp a r t a n se r f ) h e l ot , h t i -l ot
’ ’
. .

h e l o t r y n ( h e lot s col le c t iv l y ) he l o t rr, h ri-l o-t rr

’ ’
-
. .

h e l t e r -s k e l t e r a dj ( in d is ord e r d h ast e ) h e lt oe s k e lt oe , ( as
’
.

s u m pt iv ly )
'
h s i t s e -s k e l t oe .

h e l v e n ha n d le ; h e lv - h a m m er [ a l so s pe lt h e lv ] h e l v
. .

h e l v e v [ a l s o sp e lt k alv ; p ast pa r t rc rpl e a n d pr e t e r 1 t h elv ed ,

.

h e lv d ] h e l v .

h e m a l a dj of t h e b l ood [ a ls o s p e lt h a e m a l ] b ri-m ol
'
. .

h e m a p op h y s i s n s e con d e l e m e n t of t h e h e m a l a rch of a .

v e rt e b r a [ a l s l
o s pe t h a e m p p
a o h ys is ] he m o
’
po r s rs , h i m s
f -

f
’
p o r -
s rs .

h e m a t i c a dj of b l ood [ a l s o sp e l t h a e m a t ic] h x m a t t k
’
. .

h e m a t i n n con st i t u e n t of h e m a gl ob i n [ al s o sp e l t h a e m a t in ,
.

h e m a t in e , h a e m a ti n e ] h e m o-t rn h t i m o- t m
' ’
—
.
,

h e m a t i t e n b l ood s t on e [ al s o s pe l t h a e m a t i t e ] h e m o- t a xt
.
’
,
’
b ri m o t a rt
— -
.

h e m i op i a n ( y d e f e ct : h e m iopy h e m iopsy , h e m iop sia ,

e e -
.
,

h e m ia n ops ia ) h e mi oo-p i o
’
-
.

h e m i p l e g i a n ( pa r a ly s is of on e s id e of t h e b ody ) h e m :
.

i d3 i o
’
p
-
L I -
.

h e m i s t i c h n ( h a l f a lin e of v e r se ; s h ort l in e ) h e m r st rk
’
—
. .

h e m o g l o b i n n col ori n g- m a t t e r of t h e r e d b l ood - corpu scl e s

.

[ a l s o sp e lt h a e m ogl ob i n ; s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e h e m a t a glo

b in h a e m a t ogl a b in ] h e m o gl oo b m h i m o gl oo- b m
’ ’
-
.
, ,

h e m o r r h a g e n e xce ss iv b le e d i n g [ a l s o s p e lt h a e m orr h age ]

.

h e m o- e 1 d 3
’
.

h e m o r r h oi d n pi l e [ a ls o s p e l t h a e m or r h oi d ] h e m o- e oxd
.
'
.

h e n c e a d v ( f r om h e re ; a w a y ; h e n ce f or t h ; f r om t h is ; t h e r e
.

f ore ) h e n t s ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) h e n s ; ( a ls o, a n d in B r i t a in
,

n or m a l ly ) h e n s .

h e n c e f o r t h a d v ( fr om t h is t i m e f or t h ) h e n t s f oze e, h e n s
.
'

f oze O ; ( a n t e r i or ly ) h e n t s f oze O h e n s - f oze O

’ ’ ’
-
.
,

c: law , f u r as cat o h ot or b oy ; a : f a r a u n ow , 3 : a sk , 8 ! k it e ;
a: , , , ,

l e n gt h m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;
-

s t r e s s -
ma rk ra d 1 ca t e s c h i e s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l l a b l e f .
2 56 DI CTI ON AR Y O F H AR D W ORD S

h e n d i a d ys n .
( t he u se of t w o w ord s j oind b y a con u ncti on j
t o e xpre ss a sin gle com pl e x ide a ) b e n d ai -o-d rs
'
.

h e p a t i c a dj ( of t h e l iv e r ) h r pa t rk
’
. .

t ; ( l ess pr op erly) h ri-pa

'
li )
'
h epatit e n .
( v e r-s t on e h e p o-t s x

t a rt .

he p a tis a tion ] h e pat r s e e-S

’
h ep a t i sa t i on n . [ a ls o sp e l t an,
h e po-t a x z e e -S
'
on .

h e p a t i s e v re n d e r l
. iv e r-
li k e a l s e l p
[ so p t he tis ]a e
’
h e -
p t s rz ;
o
( l es s p r o p e y)
r l
’
b ri p t a xz
- o-
.

H e p t a t e u ch n ( t h e f ir st se ve n b ooks of t he O ld Te st ame n t )
.

h e pt a-t eu k
’
.

h e p t a v a l e n t a dj ( h av in g a v al e ncy of seve n ) h e p tz v o-l on t

’
. .

h e r n au n -
pr an h a :e , ( w h en u ns tr es t) hoe , as . .

H e r a c l e a n a dj of H e racl e s or He rcu l e s [ al so sp e lt H eracl ei

.

H a kl ea ] h k i
'
n
a , e r n e e o u -
on .

H e r a cl i d a n a dj of t h e He racl eid ae or d e sce nd ant s of Her

.

cu le s [ a l s o sp e lt H er a cl e id a n ] h e e o k e a t -da
’
.

H e r a c l i t e a n a dj ( of He racl it u s of Ephe sus) heea-k aaxt xi

.
’

on .

e r a l di c ad j ( of h e ral d ry) h r eazl drk ; ( i mpr op erly ) h ee ol

' '
h .

d rk .

h e r b n ( pl a n t w it h a n on w oody st e m ) a zeh, b a zeh

.
-
.

h e r b a c e ou s a dj ( h e rb -l ik e ) s e b e e -S os , b e e b e e -S
' '
. as .

h e r b a g e n ( h e rb s coll e ct iv ly ; p a st u re of lan d ) a ze -b rd3

'
. ,

h a ze -b rd 3
'
.

h e r b a l n ( b ook on h e rb s ) s ze b ol , ha ze -b ol
’ '
-
. .

h e r b a l a dj ( of h e rb s ) a ze -b ol h a ze-b al
’ '
. .
,

h e r b a r i u m n c ol l e ct ion of d ri e d pla nt s [ pl u ral her b ar iu m ,

.

h e r b a r i a l h s e b e z-e i -om
'
’
.

'
h e r b e s c e n t a dj ( gr ow in g l ik e an h e rb ) h s e b e sont
. .

h e r b i v or ou s a dj ( h e r b e at in g) h a e b w o e os
’
— -
. .

h e r b o r i z e v b ot a n i z e [ a l s o s p e lt h er b or is e her b ariz e ] a ze
.
'
,
'
b o e a rz h a ze -b o-e a rz
-
, .

h e r b o r i z e r n [ al s o s pe l t h e r b a riser ] a ze b o-e a r-z oe , h aze

.
’
- ’

b o-e a t - z oe .

. f
h e r b y a dj ( u ll of h e r b s ; g ra ssy ; h e rb like ) a :e -b x hs ze -b r
’ '
, .

h e r cu l e a n a dj ( of or lik e H e r cu l e s ; st ron g ; imm e n s e ) ha e

.

’
kcuu li um; ( i m r o e r ly ) h a e kcu h i-on
- -
’
p p .

h e r d n ( d r ov e , l ock ) h a ze d
. f .

h e r e a f t e r a d v ( in t h e s e q u e l ; in u t u re ; in t h e li e t o com e )
. f f
h rze a zf t oe , ( w h e n l e s s s tr e s t ) h xe azf - t oe
’ ’
-
.

h e r e b y a dv ( b y t his m e a n s ) h rze b a r, ( w h e n l e ss s tr as t ) h rs
.
’

b a t ; ( a n t e ri or ly ) h rze - b a r
' '
.

j c cu r e : b t h e 0t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ;
ye , s h oe t Sc h e w ;
. ,

111 w he n ; 1) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r e act , 0 ull , ou ool f o

1 it , ri s ee ;
°

0 p oe t ic ; a ov er , e a erial , A b u t , oz d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;

2 58 DI C T I ONARY O F HARD WORD S
h e t e r o g a m y n ( i n d ire ct f e r t i l iz at ion , e t c ) h e t o e ogo-m x
'
. . .

h e t e r og e n e i t y n ( st at e of b e in g h e t e roge n e ous ) b e t az a
.

d3 1 n 1 i 1 t 1 , ( r a p i d ly )
'
h d i
’
- -
t
e go 3 1 n 1 1 t1
- -
.

h e t e r o g e n e ou s a dj ( div e r se ; com pose d of p a rt s of d i ff er e n t

.

kin d s : op pose d t o h omog e n e ou s ) h e t oe o d 3 1 i-n i-as

’
.

h e t e r op h e m y n ( t h e s a y in g of on e t hin g w h e n a noth e r is
.

m e a n t ) h e t oe o f ri- m x, h e t oz o f im x, h e t o e of r- m r
' ' ’
-
.

h e t e r o p h y l l o u s a dj ( h a v in g se v e ra l diff e re nt kin ds of
.

l e a v e s : s a id of a pl a n t ) h e t oe o f t l os ; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) h et a
’

’
e of I - l os .

h e t e r o s c i a n n p e r son h av ing a d i ffe re n t s ha d ow : a n a m e

.

a p p lie d t o i n h a b it an t s of on e t e m p e ra t e z on e a s cont ras t ed

w it h t h os e of t h e ot h e r [ pl u r a l h e t er osc ia n s, h e t er osci i]
h e t o e oS
’
on .

h ow v s t r ike , ch op cu t , e t c [ p a st pa rt rcrple h ew n, h ew e d,
.
, .

h e w d ; p r e t e r 1 t h e w e d h e w d ] h cuu , cu u , .

he k
'
h e x a g on a l a d j i
(s a g ed ; s s ed )
x - n l i x - id
. h e s a go n l ,
k -

’
saeg o- n l .

h e x a s t i c h n ( a gr ou p of s ix l in e s of v e r se ) h e kso st rk
’
.
v .

H e x a t e u c h n ( f i r s t s ix b ooks of t h e O l d T e st am e nt ) h e k
.
'

s o- t cu k .

h e y i n t e r j ( ca l l i n g a t t e n t i on ) h e e
. .

h e y d a y in t er j ( d e n ot in g ga ie t y w on de r , e t c ) h e e -d e e
'
.
, . .

h i a t u s n b r e a k ; op e n i n g [ p l u r a l h i a tu s e s , h ia t u s ] h ai e e -t os
’
. .

h i b e r n a t e v ( w in t e r ) h a r b oe n e t ; ( l ess p r op er ly ) h a r b ae
’ ’
- -
.

'
net ha,
r b a ze -
net .

H i b e r n i ci s e v m a k e Iris h [ als o sp e lt H ib er n icis e ] h a r b ae

.
’

n r- s a rz .

h i b e r n i s a t i on n a m a kin g Irish [ al so spe lt h ib e rn isa t ia n ]

.

h a r- b oe m z e e - S h a r b oe n a r z e e - S
’ '
on -
on ,
-
.

h i c cu p n s pa s m of t h e b r e a t hin g- or ga n s [ als o sp e lt h icc a u gh ]

.

’
b rk op .

h i c k o r y n ( t r e e ; w ood ) h rko e r, ( a n t e r iorly ) h 1 ks r

’ ’
-
. .

h i d a l g o n ( g e n t l e m a n ) h r d ze l go
’
. .

h i d e ou s a dj ( h orr ib l e ; u gl y ) h 1 d i os ; ( im p r op e r ly ) h 1 d3 os
’ ’
-
. .

h i e v h a st e n ; go q u ickly [ p r e s e n t pa rt rcrp le hy in g ; pa s t pa r
.

t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t h i e d ] h a t .

h i e r a r ch y n ( on e of t h r e e d iv ision s of a n ge l s ; pri e st ly
.

h a i- o- e a e k r
'
r u l e ; c l a ss ) .

h i e r o g l y p h i c n ( of t h e n at u re of Egy pt ia n w r it in g ) h a i
.

’
oe o gl lk .

h i e r o g l y p h i s t n ( w r it e r of h ie r ogl yp h s e t c ) h a i o e ogl r
.
-
'
, .

f rst h a i a e o gl t f t st
'
,
- -
.

j ye , c cu r e : a t h e 0t hin 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy : Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
.

111 w h e n ; 13 s 1 n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 ul l on f ool , I i t , Ii s e e ; . f ,

0 p oe t 1c ; o ov e r , e a e r1 a l , A b ut , o: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , s o at e ;
g
 DICTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S 259

sacr e d m y s t e ri e s ) h ai- oe o
’
h i e r op h a n t n ( of . e xp ou n d e r

fee n t , h a i e e o- f on t
’
.

h i g h m i n d e d a dj h a i m a i n d i d , ( a ss u pt v ly )
m m ai n
’
h
’
- - i a i -
.

di d .

h i g h -p r i e s t n h a r ps xist , h a r-ps xist

’ ’
. .

h i g h t h n [ a l s o, f or m e rly , spe lt h e ig h t h ] h a l e
. sa m e m e a n .

i n g a s h e ig h t .

h i g h w a y m a n n h igh w ay r ob b e r [ plu r a l h ig hw a y m e n ] h a i
’
.

w e m an .

h i l a r i o u s a dj ( ch e e r f u l ; r oll ckin g ) h a i l e z e i os, b i le z e i os ;

’
i
'
- - - -
.

( i m p r o p e r ly) b i
’
l a z i -
os .

h i l a r i t y n ( ch e e r fu l n e ss ; m e r r i m e n t ) h a i la e i -t i , h i l aee i -t i
’ ’
. .

h i l l o in t e rj ha i l i n g a d is t a n t or occu p ie d p e r s on ; e xp r e s s m g
.

su r p r is e a t a n u n e x p e ct e d m e e t in g [ al s o spe l t h il l a a ] h i -l o,
’

’
b i loo .

h i l l o c k n ( s m a l l h ill ) h i l ok
'
. .

h i l u m n e y e of a b e a n ; h ilu s ; s m a ll ap e r at u re [ pl ural h ila ]

.

’
h a i - lom .

h i m n ou n - p r on ( ob j e ct i v of h e ) h i m , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) 1 m
. .

H i m a l a y a n a dj ( of t h e Him ala y a s ) h i m o l e e - j on , h i m o l e e
’
.
’

h i m a z l o-j on h i m a z-l i- on h i m o l ai- on

’ ’ '
on ,
-
, , .

h i m a t i o n n G r e e k ga r m e n t [ plu r a l h im a t ia ] h i m a t i - on
’
. .

h i m s e l f n ou n p r on h i m s e l f , ( w h e n l es s s t r as t ) i m s e l f
’ ’
-
. .

h i n d e r a dj ( si t u a t e d b e h in d ; p os t e r ior ) h a i n - doe
'
. .

h i n d e r v ( ke e p b a ck ; i m pe d e ) h i n d oe ’
. .

h i n d r a n c e n ob s t r u ct ion [ sy n on ym ou s cogn at e h in d e ra n c e ]
.

h i n d t on s
’
.

H i n d u n A rya n of Hi n d u st a n [ al so s p e lt H i n d a o] h i n - du ;
.
’

’
hi n duu .

H i n d u i z e v r e n d e r Hin du [ also sp e l t H in d ooiz e, H in d a a is e ]

.

’
h i n d u - oi z .

H i n d u s t a n i a dj of Hi n du st a n [ a l s o spe lt H i n d a a s t a n e e ] .

h i n d u s t a z a i h i n d u s t a z- n i
’ '
-
.
,

h i n n i b l e a dj ( a b l e t o n e ig h or w hi n n y ) h i n o- b ol '
. .

h i p n f ru it of r os e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e h ep] h i p
. .

h i p p o d r o m e n ( r a ce cou r s e ci r cu s ) h i po- d t om
’
-
. .
,

h i p p o g r i f f n f a b u l ou s cr e a t u r e li k e a gr i ff in b u t w it h h in d
.

q u a r t e r s l ik e t h ose of a h or s e [ a l s o sp e lt h ipp ogr yp h ]

h i p o ge rf
'
-
.

h i p p op o t a m u s n A f r ica n r iv e r-h or se [ plu r al h ipp op ot a m us .

h ipp op ot a m i ] h i p o pot o m os
’
es ,
-
.

h i p p u r a t e n ( s a l t of h ipp u r ic a cid ) h i pcu e e t , h i p cu z-e ot

' '
-
. .

h i p p u r i c a dj ( of u r i n e ) h i p eu z e i k
’
-
. .

0: l a w , a : f u r , ao ca t , o h a t , or b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a s k , a i k it e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
s t e s s m a rk
r -
i n d i ca t e s c h 1 e s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow m g syl la b le f .
260 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
h i r ci n e ad j . of lu s t f ul [ al so, somet imes.
a goat ; g oa t -l k
i e;
h s e s i n , h s e s a i n ; h a ze e m , h a ze -s s i n
’ ’ ' '
s p e l t h ir ci n ] - -
.

h i r s u t e a dj ( sh aggy ; h ai ry ; of h a ir ) h ae s cout , h se -scut

’ ’
. .

h i s a j p r on h i z
d -
.
( w h e n le ss s t r es t ) 1 2 , h i s
. , .

h i s s v m a ke a s h a r p sp ir a n t sou n d , a s t h a t of s [past part 1

.

c i p le a n d p r e t e r i t h iss e d h is t ] h i s ,
.

h i s t in t e rj ( e n j oi n i n g sil e n ce ; u rgin g a d og) hst , s :t , ( als o)

.

h i st .

-f
i i i
'
h i s t o og r a p
r i h e r n ( h s t o r a n ) h i s t oe o g e o oe . .

h i s t o r y n ( n a rr a t iv of past e v e n t s ) h i st a-e x, ( an t eriorly ;

’
.

r a p i d ly ) h i s t gi
’
.

h i s t r i o n i c a dj ( t h e a t rica l , d r a m a t ic ) h i s t ri on i k
'
. .

h i t h e r t o a dv ( u n t il n ow ; as y e t ; t h us f a r ) h i boe t ou , ( c u
'
.

h i b oe t u
’
t e r i or ly ) -
.

h m in t e rj a l s o sp e lt h m ( h e m ! b u m l ) u m , ( murm uring as
’
.

se n t ) 111 .

h o in terj . e x p r e ss m g su r p r is e , a d m 1ra t ion , t riu mph , t au n ti ng ,

e tc [ a l s o s p e l t h oa ] hoo h o
.
, .

h o a c t z i n n b ir d [ s y n on y m ou s . cogn at e s ha a cs in, h oa tz in, h a

' ’
a z in ] h o a e k t s rn h o w kt z i n , .

h o a r a dj ( w h it e gr a y ) hoze
.
, .

h o a r d n v ( t r e a s u r e ) b oze d
.
, . .

h o a r h ou n d n s e e h a r e h ou n d . .

h o a r s e a dj ( r au c ou s ) h oze s . .

h o a x n v ( h u m b u g ) h ook s . .

h ob b l e d e h o y n s t r ipl in g ; clu m sy y ou t h ; t op [ syn onymous .

h ob b e d e h oy l h ob ol d i - h oi
'

c og n a t e s h a b b a d e h a y
’
, .

h o b b l e r n r e t a in e r b ou n d t o m a in t a in a h obb y ; l igh t horse

.

m a n [ a l s o s p e l t h a b l e r ] h ob l oe
'
.

h o b b l e r n ( on e w h o h obb l e s i n h is ga it ) hobloe
'
. .

h o b g o b l i n n ( t r ick s y i m p ; b ogy ) h ob g ob l i n h ob gobl i n

’ '
-
.
, .

h ob o n t ra m p [ pl u r a l h ob os, h a b oe s ] hoo-b o
’
. .

h o c n old ca r d g a m e [ a l s o f or m e rly spe lt hock] h ok

.
-
, , .

h o c k n j oin t [ a l s o s p e lt h a u gh ] h ok
. .

h o c k e y n f e a s t a t h a r v e s t -h om e [ al s o sp e l t h ack ay ; sy n on
.

y m ou s cogn a t e s h a w k e y h aw ki e h a r k e y ] h ok i
’
.
, ,

h o c k e y n h ookt s t ick ; t h e ga m e of sh in n y , s h in ty b andy

.
,

[ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e s h a w ky h a w k ey h a a k ey ] h ok i
’
.
, ,

h o c u s -p o c u s n ( j u ggl e ry ; d e ce p t i on ) h oo- k os poo-kos

’
. .

h o d g e p o d g e n ( h a r icot ; m e dle y ) h od3 - pod 3

'
. .

h o e n ( i m pl e m e n t ) h oo
. .

h o g s h e a d n l a rg e cas k [ al s o sp e lt h ags he d ] h ogz -h e d ; ( dia

’
.

l e c t a l ly ) h ogz rd
’
.

j c cu re ; a t h e
ye , 0t hi n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t S he w ; . c
w w h e n ; 1) s 1 n y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act 0 ull , on oa l , i it , 1 1 se c : , f f
0 p oe t 1c ; 9 ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , ou n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
26 2 DICTI ON ARY O F H A RD WORD S
h o m e o p a t h i s t n [ a ls o spe lt h a m a e apa t h is t ] h omi e pa —B rst ,
'
.

h e m i ope - G i st
’
.

h o m e o p a t h y n m e d ical syst e m [ a lso sp e l t h om eopa thy ]

.

h om i opo- O i h e m i ope - O i
' ’
.
,

H o m e r i c a dj ( of Hom e r ) ho m e e i k ; ( improper ly) hoo-mo

’ '
.

ei k .

h om e s t e a d n h ome ; f arm st e d [ al so spe lt hame s t cd] hoom

.
'

hoom -st e d
’
st i d , .

m
h o i c dal a j
i d ( of h o mi ci d e ; m .a n - la in
s y g; murderous)
h om i - s a i - d l h om i s a i - dl
’ ’
.
,

h o m i l e t i c a dj ( of t h e n at u re of a h om ily ) h om i l e t i k
'
. .

h o m i s h a dj h om e l ik e [ a l s o s p e lt h a m e is h ] hoo-m i S
'
. .

h o m o c h r om o u s a dj h m m -mos
( ) k
’
of t e sa e c o l or h o o s o
.o ,

( e s
l s p r o p e r l y) h o
’
m oks o-m o
s , h o m o
’
k s o o -m
os .

h o m o g e n e i t y n ( st at e of b e in g h om oge n e ou s ) homadsi n ri
'
.

h om od3 i n i i - i -t i
’
i ti
-
, .

h om o g e n e o u s a dj ( alik e ; com p ose d of like part s ; u ni f orm

.

t h e opp os i t of h e t er og e n e ous ) h om e d 3 i i a i os , h e mo dsi i

' '
- -

n 1- os .

h o m o g r a p h n ( a w ord of t h e s a m e s pe llin g as a n oth er b ut

.

of d i ff e r e n t origi n a n d m e a n in g ) h oo m o ge a zf , h omo-ge a zf
’ '
- -
.

h o m ol o g u e n t h a t w h ich i s h om ol og ou s ; cor re spondi ng part

.

m g] m m
’ '
[ a l s o s p e l t h a a l o h o o -
l og h o o -
o-
l og , .

h o m o l o g o u s a dj ( cor r e sp on d i n g) h o m ol o-gos
'
. .

h o m o n y m n a w or d h a v i n g t h e s a m e p r on u n ciat ion as an
.

ot h e r b u t a d iff e r e n t m e a n in g ; a h om oph on e [ a l so spe l t ho

m on y m e ] h om o n i m h oo- m o- n i m
’ '
-
, .

h o m o ou s i a n n on e w h o h ol d s t h e p e r s on s of t h e Trinit y t o
.

b e of t h e s a m e e sse n ce [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e h a m ousi an ]

h om o u u s i on b e m o on s i on h om o a u si ou , h om o a u-si-ou ;
’ ’ ’ ’
- - - - - -
, ,

( l e s s p r o p e r l y) h o m o u u -
z i -
o n h o m o
’
a u - z i-
on h
’
om o
’
a u -z i -ou
, , .

h o m o p h o n ou s t h e sa m e s ou n d ) h o m ofo-n os
’
.

h o m o p l a s y n ( h om opl a s t ic c on d it i on ) h o m op L o-s i , hoo-mo

’ '
.

pu e s r .

h o n e s t a d j ( u p r ight f a ir e t c ) e a rst
'
. .
.
, ,

h o n e y n ( s w e e t v iscid f lu id ; d a r l in g) h A n i
’
. .

h o n o r n re v e r e n t ia l r e s p e ct [ a l s o sp e l t h on ou r ] on oe
.
'
.

h o n o r v [ al s o s p e lt h on ou r ; p ast pa r t rcrpl e a n d p r e t e r i t hon

.

or e d h a n a r d ]
’
, on oe .

h o n o r a b l e a d j [ a l s o s p e l t h on our a bl e ] on oe o-b ol , ( ra p idly)

.
’

'
on e o b ol ( a s s u m pt iv ly )
’
-
, on e ob ol .

h on or a r i u m n h on or a ry r e w a r d [ pl ural h on or ar iu ms, hon o

.

r a r ia ] on o e e z e i e m
’
h on o r e z e i-e m
’
- - -
, .

j ye ,c cu e ; a t h e 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t S he w ;
r . c
w w h e n ; 1) s 1n y ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e act a u ll , on f oa l , i i t , 1 1 se e : ,
.

. f
0 p oet i c ; a ove r, e a e r1al , A b u t , oz d oor oo n o, e b e d , s e gat e ; .
 DI CTIO N ARY O F HA RD WORD S 263

h on o r a r y ad j . of h on or ; t i t u la ry [ a l s o, for m e rly , sp e lt h on
’
( a ss u m pt iv ly )
’
( )
’
o ur a r y ] on o- z e z i , als o on oe o-e i ; on o-e oe i ,

( r a p id ly )
' '
on e oe i , on e i .

h o o d l u m n ( r ow d y , r ou gh ) b odi am , h u u - d l om
’ ’
. .

h o o d oo n ( v ood oo ; a l s o, ca u se of b ad lu ck ) h uu -du
’
. .

h o o f n h orn y d igit -Sh e a t h or f oot [ pl u ra l h oo s a n d , ra r e ly ,

. f
h oov e s ] h ou f ; ( dia l e c ta l ly ) h u f .

h o o k n ( a n gu l a r p ie ce of m e t a l , e t c ) h uk ; ( im p r op er ly )
. .

h un k .

h o o k e d a dj h ook-s h a pe d , h a m a t e ; f u r n is ht w it h h ooks [ a lso,

.

s om e t i m e s , s p e l t h ook t ] h u k t ,
’
b uk i d .

h o op n ( r i n g , b a n d ) h ou p ; ( dia l e c t a lly ) h op
. .

h oo p i n g -c ou g h n s e e w h oop i n g - c ou g h . .

h o o p o e n b ird [ f or m e r sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e h oop oo] h ou -p o,

’
.

’
h uu p u-
.

H o o s i e r n ( i n h ab it a n t of In d ia n a ) h uu -3 s e
.
’
.

h o ov e n d ise a se [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s h av e n , h av e ] h ou v
. .

h o p e v n h o0p ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) h op ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) h op
.
, . , .

’
h o r a r y a dj ( of a n h ou r ) h oz- e o- e i. .

h o r d e n ( t r ib e t r oop ) b oze d
.
, .

h o r d e o l u m n s t y , e y e l id - t u m or [ plu ra l h a r d e a l a ] h oe d i i-a
’
.

l om .

h o r e h ou n d n h e r b [ a ls o s p e lt h oa r h ou n d ] hoze - h a u n d
’
. .

h o r i z o n n ( l in e a t w h ich t h e e a r t h a n d s k y a pp e a r t o m e e t )
.

h o e a i z on h o e a i - z n ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) h oe i - z on
’ ’ '
-
.
,

h o r i z o n t a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t h or iz on ta l is e ] h oe i z on t l - a i z
’
. .

h o r n b l e n d e n m i n e r a l [ a l s o s p e lt h or n b l e n d ] h oze n - b l e nd
'
. .

h o r o l o g e n ( t i m e p ie ce e t c ) h oe o l od 3 h oe o- l od 3
’ ’
-
.
.
, , .

h o r ol o g i u m n h or ol og e ; con s t e ll a t i on ; ca n on ica l - h ou r b ook

.

[p
'
g ] i m 3 em
’
l u r a l h or o l o i a h oe o l o o d 3 o h o e o l o d i - - -
, .

h o r ol o g y n ( t i m e pie ce ; a r t of m e a s u rin g t i m e ; m ak in g of
.

h or ologe s ) h o e ol o d 3 i
'
-
.

h o r o s c o p e n ( ob s e r v a t i on of t h e h e a v e ns a t t h e t im e of a
.

b i r t h e t c ) h oe o s k op ; ( im p r op e r ly ) h oz-e o- s k op
’ ’
-
, .
.

h o r r i b l e a d j ( e x c it i n g h or r or ; d r e a d f u l ) h oe o b ol
’
-
. .

h o r r i d a d j ( ca u s i n g h or r or ; re v olt i n g ; d e t e s t a b l e ) b e z i d
.
’
.

h o r s d m u v r e n ( e xt r a d is h ; r e lis h ) o ze d a zv e h oe d s zv e
’ ’ ’
. .
,

h o r s e n ( q u a d r u p e d ) b oze s ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) h c zs h ozs , h os

.
, .

h o r s e r a d i s h n ( p la n t ; r oot s t ock ) h oze s -e ze d i S

’
. .

h o r s e s h o e n ( s h oe f or a h or s e ) h o ze S Su u
’
-
. .

h o s a n n a i n t e r j ( s a v e n ow ! s a v e p r a y ! ) h o z a n o
’
. .
,

h o s e n l e g ga r m e n t s t ocki n g [ p lu r a l h os e , a rch aica lly or d ia

.
-

l e ct a lly h os e n ob s ol e t e l y h os e s ] h ooz , .

0: l a w , a : f u r , ao ca t , o h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , a u n ow , 3 : a sk , or k it e ;
l e n gt m a r k ( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
h -

s t r e s s m a rk
-
i n d i ca t e s ch 1e st r e ss on t h e f ol low rn g syl l a b le . f
26 4 DICTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
h os i e r n .
( on e w h o m a ke s or d e a ls in h ose )
’
h oo- 3 se , hoo-r i
'

oe .

h o s i e r y n ( h os e colle cti v ly ) hoo 3 o s i , hoo-z i -o-e i

’ '
- -
. .

h os p i t a b l e a dj ( o ff e r i n g w e l c o m . e ; c o r d i a l )
’
h o s p i t a -b oi
,

( ass u m pt iv ly ) hosp i t ob ol , h e spt ob ol ; ( im p r op er ly ) hos p i t a

' ' ’
-

b el .

h osp i t a-bl i ; ( i mpr op er ly ) h os p i t a-bl i

' '
h o s p i t a b l y a dv . .

h p tol ; ( im
’
h o s p i t a l n ( h os p ce ; asy u , t c ) m h i
’
i l
. e o p t ,
s i - o s i - .

p r op e r ly ) h os-p i t i hc zs-p i t i
’ '
, .

h o s p i t a l e r n h ost e le r ; on e w h o t e n d s t h e sick in a h ospi t al

.

’
[ a s o s p e t h a s p a ll e ] h h -l ae
’
l l i t r o p t o
s i l -
e o p
s i t a , .

om , h os p i S i-e m
’ '
h o s p i t i u m n ( h os p ice ; h a l l h os t e l ) h e s p i S
.
, .

h o s p o d a r n ( l ord ) hos po- d a e

’
. .

h o s t a g e n ( pe r s on giv e n as a p le dge ) h ost i d3 ; ( impr operly )

'
.

’
h oo s t i d 3
-
.

h o s t e l n ( in n h ot e l ) hos t l , h os t ol
' '
. .
,
'
h o s t e l e r n ( in n k e e p e r ) h ost oe ,
'
. l - h os o l oe
t -
.

h
'
l h l l
’
r i
h o s t e l y n ( n n h os t ) e . os t -
e i o
,
s t o -
ei , .

h o s t i l e a dj of a n e n e m y ; u n f ri e n d ly [ al s o, s om et i me s, spe lt
.

m ; ( ) h — ai l
’ '
] h t ( ass i y) h l l
’
h o s t il o s i l u p t v l o
,
s t a s o e s t .

h o s t l e r n s t a b le m a n ; g r oom [ a l s o s om e t im e s, s p elt os tler ]

.
,
’ ’
h os e ae os e s e , .

h ot b l oo d e d a dj h d d ( ss m i
p v y)
’
h -blA d i d
’
- ot b l A i a u t . l o t , .

'
h o t e l n ( in n e t c ) h o t e l o t e l
’
. . .
, ,

h o u g h n v h ok . se e h a c k
, . . .

h o u g h i t e n ( m in e r a l ) h A - f a i t , b A f - a i t
' '
. .

h o un d n ( d og ) ha u n d . .

h o u r n ( t im e ) a ue
. .

h ou r i n ( n y m ph of t h e M oh a m m e d a n Pa radi se ) hau ai , h u
' '
.
-

ei .

h o u s e n ( d w e ll in g e t c ) h a us
.
, . .

h ou s e v ( r e ce iv e or p u t in t o a h ou s e , e t c ) h a uz
. . .

h o u s e h ol d n ( in m a t e s o f a h ou.s e c o l l e c t iv l y)
’
h a u s-
h ol d ,
d
'
m m h h s ol d
’
( s o e t i e s ) a u s o l a u - -
, .

h o u s e w i f e n a w om a n w h o m a n ag e s h e r h ou s e h old ; a l so,
.

a ca s e f or n e e d l e s e t c ; a w or kb ox [ a ls o sp e l t h u z z if, h u s , .

s if a n d i n t h e s e n s e of a w or kb ox
, h u s w i e h uss iv e ; pl ue , f ,

al h ous e w iv e s ] h a u s - w a i f , h A Z Wi f , ( a ls o, e s p eci a l ly i n t h e
’
'

s e n s e of w or kb ox ) bAz i f
’
.

h ou s e w i f e r y n h a u s w a r fs r, h A z w i -fS i , h A z i fSi , ha us
’ ' ’ '
- -
.
-

w a i fo e i - -
.

h ou s e w i v e s n ( pl ural of hou s e w i e ) ha us w a i v z , h A z w w s ,
’
.
'
-
'
f
hA z i v z .

j c cu r e ; a t h e 0t hi n
ye , 3 a z u re d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w : . ,

w w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , u f u l 1 ou ool , i i t , i i see : f
0 poe t i c ; 9 ov e r , e a e r1 al , A b u t , oz door , ou n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
266 DI CT I O NA RY O F H A RD W O RD S

h u m e r u s n b on e [ plur al h u m er i ] h cuu -m o-eos , euu -ma-e os

’ '
. .

h u m or n or ga n ic f lu id or j u ice ; t e m pe ra m e nt , fa ncy ; comi

.

ca l it y [ a l so sp e lt h u m our ] h cuu -moe , euu -m ae , j uu-mae

' ’ '
.

h u m o r i s t n [ als o sp e lt h u m ou r is t ] h euu -m o-e i st , eu u -mo

’ '
.

j uu - m a-e i st
'
e i st , .

hum or ou s ad j . [ als o, f orm e rly , s p e lt hu mou r ou s ]

’
h euu -ma
m j uu -m o-e os
’ ’
e os , cuu -
o-
e os , .

h u m p h in t e r j e xp r e s s i n g d ou bt or diss at i sf act i on [ also,

.

s om e t i m e s s pe l t h m f ] u m , b Am f
’
, .

h u m p t y -d u m p t y n ( d u m py , h u m p-sh oul de rd pe rson ) hA m p .

t i dA m pt i
’
.

h u n c h b a c k n ( a h u n c ht b ack ) h A n t Sb azk, ( in B ri t ain ) h A n S

'
.

’
b ze k .

h u n c h b a c k n ( a p e r s on w it h a hu n cht b a ck ; a hu m pb ack ).

h A n t Sb ae k ( i n B r i t a in ) h A n S
’ ’
-
,
-
b ae k .

h u n d r e d n a dj ( f iv e s cor e ) h A n drod ; ( dial ec tally) lu n

' '
., .

d oe d .

h u n d r e d t h a dj n h A n d rodO
’ ’
h A n d rot O .
, .
, .

h u n g r y a dj ( f e e l in g h u n ge r e t c ) h A q ge i
’
. , . .

h u r r a h i n t e r j e x pr e ss m g a pp r ob a t ion , e xu l t a t ion , et c [ a lso

. .

s p e l t h u r r a ; s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e h u rr ay ] h o e a : h u ea : h A
’ ’

’
( d ia l e c t a l ly ) h o e cz
’
ea z .

h u r r a y i n t e r j [ a l s o s om e t im e s , s p e lt h oor ay ] .
,

sa m e me a n i n g a s hu rr ah .

h u r r i c a n e n ( w in d s t or m ) h oe i - k e n , h Ae i - k e n , hAe i -kon
' ’ ’
-
. .

h oe i ( a ls o in E n g l a n d a n d e a s t er n N ew E n g
’
h u rry v n .
, . , ,

lan d) b A Z I
'
.

h u r t l e b e r r y n ( w h ort l e b e r ry , b ilb e rr y , h u ckl e b e rry ) haz t l

.
’

b eer .

h u s b a n d n ( a m a n j oin d t o a w om a n b y m a rriage ) h Az
.
’

b on d .

h u s s a r n ( h or s e - s ol d ie r ) b A z a ze
'
. .

h u s s y n h ou s e w if e ; p e r t gi r l ; w e n ch [ al s o s pe l t h u z z y , hus
.

s cy ; pl u r a l h u ss i e s ] h A z i ; ( i m pr op er ly ) h A S i
’ ’
.

h u s s y n w or kb ox , h u s s i f [ a ls o s p e l t h uz z y ; pl ura l h us sie s ]
.

hA Z i
’
.

h u st l e v ( pu sh a b ou t r ou ghly ; b u s t l e ; ge t a m ov e on )
.

hA sol h A sl
’ '
.
,

h u s w i f e n b A z i f h A Z Wi f , h A z - w a i f
’ ’
.
’
s e e u n d e r h ou s e w i e
, . f .

h u z z a i n t e r j e x p r e s s m g e xu l t a t i on or a ppl au s e ; hu rr a h [ als o
.

s p e l t h u z z a h a n d s om e t im e s h u z z a y ] h o z a : h A z a : hu z a z
’ ' ’
, ,
’
hA z e e .

h y a c i n t h n ( p r e ciou s s t on e ; f low e r pl a n t ) h a i o- s rn e
’
-
.
, .

l ye c C u t e ; 6 t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

w 1 011 09 : 1] s 1 n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct u u ll on oa l i it , i i se e ; , f , f ,

0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , ou n o , e b e d , c c g at e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD W ORD S 26 7

h y a c i n t h i n e a dj [ a l s o spe lt hya ci n t h in ] h a i- o s m O i n , h ai
’
.

a sm -O a i n
’
.

i
’
i
h y a l n n ( g a ss l -
l i k e o
. r l
t ra ns u ce n t su b s t a n c e ) h a -
o-l i n
.

h y a l i n e a dj g l a ss -
lik e , gl assy , v it re ou s [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s,
.

sp e l t hy a l in ] h a i o- l i n , h a i- o-l a i n
’ ’
-
.

h y b r i d n ( h a l f - b r e e d ; m on gr e l ) h a i - be i d , h i b e i d
’ '
. .

h yb r i d i sm n h a i b e i d i z om , b i b e i - d i z om
’ ’
- -
. .

h y b r i d i z e v [ a ls o sp e lt hyb r i d is e ] h a i b e i d a i h e dai z
b
’ ’
-
.
- -
z i i , .

h y d a t i d n ( cys t ) h a i d o t i d , h i d o- t i d
’ ’
- -
. .

h y d r a n w a t e r -sn ak e ; p olyp , e t c [ pl u ra l hy d r as, hy d r a e ]

. .

’
hai dt o -
.

h y d r a n g e a n ( s h ru b ) h a i d rae n d 3 o, h a i d ra n d 3 i- o, h a i d t e e n
’ ’ ’
.

d3 o .

h y d r a u l i c a dj ( of w a t e r, e t c ) h a i d t cz-l i k ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) h a i
'
. .

d t ol i k
’
.

h y d r i d n ( hy d r a , a polyp ) h a i - d i i d
’
. .

h y d r i d e n h yd r oge n c om p ou n d [ a ls o, som e t im e s , s pe l t hy
.

’
d r i d ] h a i d t a i d h a i -d t i d
’
-
.
,

h y d r i o d i c a dj ( of h y d r og e n an d iod in e ) h a i - d t i e d i k , h ai
’
.

d ra i od i k
’
.

h y d r o g e n n ( e le m e n t ) h a i - d t s - d 3 i n
'
. .

h y d r o g e n i z e v [ a ls o s p e lt hy d r a g e n is e ] h a i - d rod 3 i -n a i z
’
. .

h y d r o m e l n ( h on e y a n d w a t e r ) h a i d ro m ol , h a i -d t o-m e l
' ’
- -
. .

h y d r o m e t e r n ( a d e v ice f or m e a su rin g t h e s p e ci f ic gra v it y

.

of w a t e r e t c ; cu r r e n t g a ge ) h a i d t om i -t oe
’
-
.
, .

h y d r o p a t h i c a d j ( of hyd r op a t hy ) h a i - d ro pa i k
’
. .

h y d r o p a t h y n ( w a t e r cu r e ) h a i d rop o- O i
’
-
. .

'
h y d r o p h ob i a n ( a v e r s ion t o w a t e r , e t c ; r a b ie s ) h a i -d t a foo. .

bi o -
.

h y d r o p h o b i c a dj ( of hy d r oph ob ia ) h a i - d t o f ob i k , h a i -dt o
’
.

b oo b i k
’
-
.

h y e n a n q u a d r u p e d [ al s o sp e l t hya e n a ] h a i i i- n o
’
. .

h y g i e n e n ( s a n it a r y s ci e n ce ) h a i d 3 in h a i d 3 i ia h i d 3 i in
' ’ ’
- - - -
.
.
, ,
’
h y g i e n i c a d j ( o f h y gi e n e ; s an it a ry ) h a r- d 3 i s n i k h a i -d 3 i i i
’
. ,

n i k h i d 3 i e n i k h i d 3 i i i- n i k
’ ’
.
, ,

h y g i e n i s t n ( on e v e r s t i n h ygie n e ) h a i -d 3 i- e a rs t h i d3 i
’ '
. ,

s a i st .

h y l o t h e i s m n ( d oct r in t h a t G od a n d m a t t e r a re id e n t ica l ;
hu l ot h e is m ) h a i l o- O i- i z om h a i - l e G i i- i z e m , ( r a r e ly ) h a i
’
-
,
’
l oO i i z om -
.

h y m e n e a l a dj ( of m a rr i ag e ) h a i - m i n i i - ol
’
. .

h y m e n i a l a d j ( o f t h e h y m e n iu m ) h a i m i i- n i- ol
'
. .

h y m n n ( r e l igi ou s p oe m ) h i m
. .

0: l a w , o z f u r , a: c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r , a o n ow , a : a sk , or kit e ;
hat, or
l e n gt h - m a r k ( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d i n s ou n d i s l on g ;
st e s
r s -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s c h i e s t re ss on t h e f
ol l ow m g s y lla b l e .
268 DICTION AR Y O F H AR D WORD S

h y m n a l n ( h y m n b ook ) h i m n ol
.
-
’
.

h y m n e d v ( p ast pa rt i ci ple a n d p r e t e r i t of hy mn ) h i m d ,
.

hi mn i d
’
.

h y m n i n g v ( p r e se n t pa r t i c i pl e of hy mn ) b i m i n, h i mn i n
.
' '
.

h y m n o d y n ( t h e si n gin g or com p osit i on of hym n s ; h y m n s

.

coll e ct iv l y )
'
h i m n o- d i .

h y m n o l o g y n ( s t u d y of hy m n s e t c ) h i m n ol o-d3 i ’
.
, . .

h yp a l l a g e n ( i n v e r s i on of sy n t a ct ic r e la t ion b e t w e en t w o
.

w or d s ) h a i pze l o-d 3 i
’ ’
h i pa l o- d 3 i , .

h yp e r b a t on n t ra n sp osit ion ; b old i n v e r si on [ plura l hyperb a

.

t a ] h a i pu ze - b o- t on
’
.

h yp e r b o l a n ( cu r v e ) h a i ps ze -b o- l o
’
. .

h y p e r b ol e n ( e x a gge r a t ion ) h a i ps ze -b o-l i , ( ol d er ) h ai pa ze ’

'
.

b o-l i .

h yp e r b o r e a n a d j ( of t h e e xt re m e n ort h ) h a i -poe boz-si -ou

'
. .

h y p e r c r i t i c a l a d j ( e xce ss iv ly cr i t ica l ) h a i -p oe k s i t i -kol

’
. ,

h yp e r e m i a n l oca l e xce ss of b lood [ al s o spe lt hyp erae mia ]

‘

h a t poe i m i- o
i
’
- -
.

h yp e r i c u m n ( p l a n t ) h a i p e e i - k om , h a i - po e a i -k om
’ ’
. .

h y p e r m e t e r n ( d olich u ru s ; h yp e r m e t ron ) h a i ps ze-m i -t oe

'
. .

h y p e r t h e s i s n ( t r a n s p os i t ion m e t a t he s is ) h a i pB e O i -s i s
’
. .
,

h y p e r t r o p h y n ( e xce ss iv gr ow t h of a p a rt ) h a i ps et zo-f i
’
. .

h y p e t h r a l a dj ( op e n t o t h e sky ; O p e n -a ir ) h a i p i i-O sol , hi

'
.

’
p i i G s ol
-
.

h yp h e n n ( s h ort d a sh ) h a i - f on , ha i - f i n
’ ’
. .

h y p h e n i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt hy p h e n is e ] h a i - f i —n ai z
'
. .

h yp n o s i s n ( h y p n ot ic s t a t e ) h i p n oo- S i s
’
. .

h y p n o t i c a dj ( s op or i f ic ; o f h y pn ot is m ) h i p n ot i k
'
. .

h y p n o t i s m n ( b r a i d is m ) b i p u s -t i z om
'
. .

h y p n o t i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e l t hypn ot is a t ia n ] h i p N ot i z ee j on,
'
b
.

h IpN o t a i z e c S
’
-
on -
.

’
h y p n o t i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t h ypn o t is c] h i p N o-t a i z
. .

h y p o b l a s t n ( e n d ob l a s t ) h a i p o-b l a zs t h i p o- bl z st
’ ’
-
. .
,

h y p o b o l e n ( f igu r e o f sp e e c h i n w h ich a d v e r s e s u gg e st ion s

.

a r e m a d e a d r fu t e d ) b oi p e b a l i
’
h
( a l d e r ) a r pe b l i
’
n e - o -
, .

'
d h i p o k on
'
h y p o ch o n d r i a n ( l o w s p i r it s ) h a i -
p o .k o n t i -
o,
d ri- o .

h y p o c h o n d r i a c a dj h k d i
'
( o f yp o c h o n d r i a ) h a i -
.
p o o n r -e k
,

h i p o k on d ri ae k
’
-
.

d i
'
h yp o c h o n d r i a c a l a d j ( yp h o c h o n d r i ac ) h a i -
p o -
k
. e n i s -
o
k ol h i p s k on d t a i- o-kol
’
-
.
,

h y p o ch o n d r i a s i s n h
( yp o c h o n d r ia ) h a r -
p o -
k . o n
’
d r a i —o-s i s
,

h i po k ou di ni o S i s
’
- - -
.

j ye , g en re ; 6 the , 0t h i n ;
d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe t Sch e w ;
3 az u re , ,

in w h e n ; 1) i n g ; S 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a c t a fu ll on f ool i it i i s ee ;
, , , ,

0 p oe t ic ; o ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t oz d oor , oo n o , e b e d e e gat e ;
, , ,
270 DI C T I ON ARY OF H A RD W O RD S

I n ou n -p r on a i , ( als o, w h e n u n s tr es t ) 9 ; ( al so, d ial ect ally ) a

. .

i a m b i c a dj ( of ia m b u s e s ) ai ae m b i k
'
. .

i b e x n w ild goa t [ pl u ra l ib exes, rare ly , ib ice s] a i -b eks

.
’
.

i b i d e m a dv ( in t h e sa m e p l ace ) i b a i -d e m
'
. .

i b i s n b ird [ plur al i b is e s , r a r e ly ib id es, i b es ] ai -b i s

.
’
.

i b y c t e r n b i rd [ a l s o sp e l t i b ic t er ] a i b i kt oe
'
. .

I c a r i a n a dj of Icaru s [ a l s o sp e lt Icar e an ] a i ke z-ci -on

'
. .

I c a r i a n a dj ( of Ica ri a , t h e i de a l r e pub lic of E C ab et ) a i k e

'
. .

e i -on .

i c e -c r e a m n a i s ks i im , a i s- ks fim
' ’
. .

i c h n e u m on n ( Ph a r a oh s ra t ) i k nj uu -m on
’ ’
. .

i c h or n ( b l ood of t h e god s ; w at e ry d i sc ha rge ) a i -koe , i koe

.
’ '
.

i ch t h y ol o g y n ( sci e n ce of f is he s ) i k 0 i ol o-d 3 i
’
. .

i c h t h y o s a u r u s n fish -lik e r e pt il [ plu ra l ic h thyosaur i] .

’
o s e z-e os .

'
i c i c l e n ( pe n d e n t r od of ice ) a i -S i -k ol
. .

’
i c i e s t a dj ( su pe rl a t i v of i cy ) a i - s i- i st
. .

'
i c i l y ad v ( in a n icy m a n n e r ; col d ly ) a i -s i -l i
. .

i c i n g n ( f r os t i n g ; cool in g b y m e a n s of ice ) a i -s i i)
’
. .

i c o n n im a ge p or t ra i t [ a l s o sp e lt ik on , e ik on ; plu r al icon ” ,
. ,

i con s ] a i k on a i - k on
’ ’
-
, .

ku e st
’
i c o o cl a s t n (
n im a - r e k
ge b a e ) a r i k o n o -
. .

i c o s a h e d r on n a s olid b ou n d e d b y t w e n t y pla n e s [ syn on y .

m ou s c og n a t e s ic os a e d r on , icosi h e dr on ] a i ke so h i i-d ron ,

'
-

a i - k oso h e d ron
’
.

i c t e r i c a d j ( j au n d ice d ) i k t e e i k
'
. .

i d e n ( f is h ) a i d
. .

i d e a n a rch i t y pe ; l ik e n e s s ; m e n t al im a ge [ f e rm e r, bu t n ow
.

v u l ga r s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e i d e e ; pl u r a l i d e a s a n d , f orm e r
,

,
m
ly s o e t i m e s i d ca e ] a i d i i o, ( of t e n )
’
-
’
a i -
d i-
o; ( vu lgar ly )
a i d i i ; ( v u lg a ly b e or e a v ow e )
’
r l a i
’
d i i -
se a i d i ze
’
,
f , .

i d e a l a dj a i d i i ol ; ( l es s p op er ly ) a i - l
'
d o ; ( v u lgar ly ) a i
’
- r i -
.

d i ii
'
.

i d e a l i s m n a i d i i-o-l i z om
’
. .

i d e a l i z e v r e n d e r id e a l ; f orm ide al s [ al s o s pe lt i d e a lis e ] a i

.

d i i o lai z
’
- -
.

i d e o g r a p h n ( gr aph ic sy m b ol w hic h d ir e ct l y r e pre se n t s a n

.

i d e a ) a i d i i- o- ge a zf a i - di- o ge a zf , i d i-o-ge a zf
’ ' ’
-
.
,

i d e s n ( t h e e i gt h d ay a ft e r t he n on e s ; a l s o a n y on e of t h e
. ,

d a y s of t h e m on t h w h ich p r e ce d e t h e id e s a n d f ol l ow t h e
n on e s ; a n i d e ) a i d z .

i d i o c y n ( s t a t e of b e in g a n id iot ) i d i- o- Si
’
. .

i d i o m n ( ow n l a n gu a ge ; d i a l e ct ; m od e of s p e e ch ) i d e m i
’
-
.
.

j ye , c cu r e ; 0t h e , 0t hin ; 3 u re , d 3 j oy ; t Sch e w ;
S s h oe
10 w he n , 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct u , f
u ll on, f
ool , i it , i i s e e ;
O

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , a e ri a l A but oz d oor , ou n o, e b e d , a o g a t e
°
e , ,
 DICTION ARY O F H ARD W OR D S 27 !

i d i os y n c r a s y n (p yh s i c a l o r m.e n t a l p e c u l i a ri t y; b e n t) i d i-o

sm k
’
s o -
SI .

i d i o t n ( i m b e cil ; f ool ) i d i ot ; ( v ulga r ly ) i d3 at

’ ’
-
. .

i d i o t i s m n ( a n id iom ; a ls o, idiocy , f olly ) i di -o-t i z om

’
. .

i d i o t i z e v b e f ool [ a l s o s p e l t i di ot is e ] i di-o- t a i z
'
. .

i d l e a dj ( i
’
. n o t o c cu p e d ; l a z y ) a i dl
-
.

i d o c r a s e n ( v e su v ia n it e ) a i d o ks e s , i d o-ks e s , a i -do-ks e z
’ ’ ’
- -
. .

i d o l n ( e ff igy ) a i d l a i - d ol
' ’
-
. , .

i d o l a t e r n ( id ol w or s h ippe r ) a i d ol o-t oe
’
-
.

i d ol i z e v m a k e a n id ol of ; a d ore ; p r a ct i s id ol a t ry [ a l so sp e l t
.

i d ol is e ] a i - d o- l a i z
’
.

i d o l i z a t i on n [ a l s o sp e lt i d ol is a t ia n ] a i d ol i z e e - S
.
-
’
on , a i -d o
l a i z ao- S
’
on .

i d y l n s h or t ru r a l poe m ; e pi s od e ; p a s t or a l com p os it i on [ a ls o
.

s p e l t i d y ll ] a i d i l ; ( l e s s p r op er ly )
’
i di l
’
-
.

i d y l i s t n w r it e r of id yl s [ a ls o s p e lt i dy l lis t] a i -d i -l i st ’
. .

i d y l l i c a dj ( of an id y l ; fu ll of r u s t ic ch a r m ) a i d i l i k
’
. .

i d y l l i z e v m a k e in t o a n id yl [ a ls o sp e lt i d y ll is e ] a i -d i -l a i z ’
. .

i f c on j ( on c on d it ion t h a t e t c ) i f ( a l s o, w h en u n s tr e s t ) f
. , .
, .

i g n e s -f a t u i n ( p l u ra l o f ig n is a t u u s ) i gn i s f ae t S
.
’
-
f
u - a i , i g n iz
f ze t S
’
u -ai .

i g n i s -f a t u u s n w il l- o t h e - w is p [ p l u r al ig n es - a t u i ] i gn i s
’
.
-
f
faet S u os , i g n i s fa
’ ’
-
e t cu - os .

i g n i t a b l e a dj ca p a b l e of b e i n g i gn it e d [ a l s o s p e lt ign i t i b l e ]
.

’
i g n a i t o- b ol
-
.

i g n o m i n i o u s a dj ( s h a m e f u l ; in f a m ou s ) i gn o m i n i- os
’
. .

i g n o r a m u s n ign ora n t p e r s on [ p lu r a l ig n or a m u s e s ] i gn o
.

e e e m os ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) i g n o e a z -m
’
e m os
’ ’
-
os i gn o e a , .

I g n o r a n t i n a dj ign or a n t : a p pl ie d t o t h e B re t h r e n of t h e
.

C h r is t ia n Sch ool s [ a l s o sp e lt Ign or a n t in e ] i gn o ew n t i n

’
.

’
i g u a n a n ( la r ge a rb ore a l liz a r d ) i gw a z- n o
. .

i g u a n o d on n i
( g u a n a -
l ik e
. f o s s il l i z a r d ) i
’
g w aa n o-d on
,

i g w a z n o d on
’
- -
.

i l e a c a dj ( of t h e il e u m ) i l i ze k
’
-
. .

i l e u m n ( l ow e s t p a r t of t h e s m a l l i n t e s t in ) i l i om a i -l i-e m
’ ’
-
. .
,

i l i a c a dj ( of il e u s ; of t h e il e u m ; i l e a c, i lia ca l ; a l s o, of t h e
.

il iu m ) i l i ae k
’
i l i ok
’
- -
.
,

i l i a c a l a d j ob s ol e t e ( of il e u s ; of t h e ile u m ; a l s o, of t h e i li
.

u m ; i l i a c ) i l a i o k ol
’
- -
.

i l i a c u s n ilia c m u s cl e ; t h r u s h [ pl u r a l i l i a ci] i l a i o kos

’
- -
. .

i l i u m n h ip- b on e f l a n k - b on e [ p l u ra l ilia ] i l i- om
’
.
.
,

i l l a t i v e a d j of ill a t ion or in f e r e n ce [ a l s o sp e lt i ll a tiv ] i l o ’

.

’
t i v i l e e -t i v
, .

0: l a w , o z f u r , ae c a t , 9 h a t , or b oy : a : f a r , a u n ow , a : a sk , a i k i t e ;
l e n gt h - m a r k ( z) i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
s t r e s s -m a r k i n d i ca t e s ch 1e s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl la b l e f .
 272 DI CT I ON A RY OF H A RD WORD S

il l -b red j b m be e d
’ '
e ead
d , ( a ss u pt i
. v l y)il
i i-
.

-
il l d e s e r v e d a dj [ a lso spe lt il l d es erv d ]
-
i l -d i z a zev d ,
'
.

( m
'
a s s u p t iv l y) i i -
d i -z
a ze v d .

il l e g a l a dj ( u n la w fu l il licit ) i l i i—gol
’
.
, .

i l l e g a l i z e v m a ke ille ga l [ a l s o sp e lt ill egal is e ] i i i i -ga-l ai z

'
. .

i l l e g i b l e a dj ( u n d e cip h e ra b l e ) i l e d 3 o-b al
’
. .

i l l i c i t a dj ( u n l a w f u l ) i l i S i t i l l i S i t
’ '
. , .

i l l i s i o n n ( a s t r ik in g a ga in st s om e t h i n g) i l i 3 on , i l l i 3 on
' '
. .

i l l i t e r a t e a dj ( u n l e t t e r d u n l e a rn e d ) i l i t o-e ot i l i t x
' '
. ot , , .

i l l t i m e d a dj i l t a i m d ( ass u m pt iv ly ) i l -t a i m d
’
- .
’
, .

i l l u m i n a t i n pl p e op le w h o a ff e ct t o b e e spe cia lly e nlight

. .

e nd [ S i n gu la r i ll u min a t o] i -l iu m i n e e -t a i i -lu m i na z-t i

’ ’
e tc
, .
, .

i l l u m i n a t o n ( S i n gu l a r of il l u m in a t i ) i -l u m i n a z-t )
.
’
.

i l l u m i n e v ligh t u p [ a l s o sp e lt il l u m in ; p a st pa rt i ci ple a nd
.

p r e t e r i t i ll u m in e d ill u m in d ] i l iou m i n
’
-
, .

i l l u s i on n ( d e ce pt i on , d e lu s ion ; a l s o, a ppa rit ion , f an t om )

.

’
i l i uu - 3 on .

i l l u s i v e a dj d e ce p t iv , il lu s ory [ a l s o spe lt i ll usiv ] i l iou -s i v , ’

.

i l i uu - z i v
’
.

i l l u s or y a dj i l iu u s o e i ; ( l ess p r op er ly ) i l iuu -z o-e i

' '
- -
. .

i l l u st r a t e v
’
( i l l u m i n a t e ; e l u c i d.a t e ; e x e m p li f y)
'
i l o-s
t ze t ,
i l A - s t ge t .

i l l u s t r a t e d a dj ( h a v i n g p ict ori a l illust ra t ion s ) i lo-stze t i d ,

.
’

'
i l A - s t re t i d .

i l l u s t r a t i o n n ( e l u c i d a t i o n ; cu t ) i l o s t t e e - S
’
. on .

‘
i l l u s t r a t i v e a dj s e r v in g t o i ll u s t r a t e [ a ls o spe lt illu s tr a t iv ]
.

i lA st go t i v ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly )
’ ’
-
i l o- s t ge t i v .

i l l u s t r a t o r n ( on e w h o or t h a t w h ich il lu s t rat e s ) i l o-st ze

.
'

’
t oe , i lA -
s t ge t oe .

i l l y a d v ( in a n ill m a n n ér ; b a d ly ) i l i , i l -l i
.
’ ’
.

i m a g e n ( l ik e n e s s ) i m i d 3
’
. .

i m a g e a b l e a dj ca p a b l e of b e in g i m a ge d [ a l so, f orm e rly ,

.

s p e l t i ma g ib l e ] i m i d 3 o- b ol
’
.

im a ger y n ( im a g e s c o.l l e ct i v l y; i m a g e -
w o r k )
'
i m i -
d3 e i ,
'
i m i d 3 o- e i .

i m a g i n a r y a dj ( n o t r e a l ; f a n c i e d . : f e i g n d ) i
’
m r d 3 i -n e e r
,

m
’
( )
’
a l s o i m ae d 3 i n o -
e i ( a s s u p t i v l y) i m z
e d 3 i -n
,oe i .

i m a g i n a t i v e a dj [ l l m m
’
a s o s p e t i a g i n a t
. i v ] i ze d 3 i n o -
tiv,
'
( as s u m pt iv ly ) i m ze d 3 i n at i v ; ( a ls o ) i m ze d 3 i n e t i v
'
- ~
.

i m a g i n e v f or m a m e n t a l i m a g e of ; s u pp os e ; fa n cy ; t h ink
.
,

gu e s s [ a ls o s p e l t i m a g i n ; p as t pa r t i c i p le a n d p r e t e r i t i ma y
i n e d i m ag in d ] i m ze d 3 i n
'
.
,

i m a g i n e s n ( pl u r a l o f i m a g a ) i m a d 3 i n i z i m e e - d 3 i n i z
' ’
- -
. .
,

j c
ye , cu r e ; 0 t h e , 0 t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 f u l l , on f o a l , i i t , i i s e e ;
.

a p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , oo n o , it b e d , c c g a t e ;
27 4 DICTI ON AR Y O F H A R D WO R D S
i m p a n a t e a dj ( con t ain d in b re ad ) i m pe e-n e t , i m pe e-not .
’ ’
.

i m p o-n ot
'
.

i m p a n a t i on n ( pre se n ce of C hrist in cons ecrat ed b rea d )

.

i m p a n co- S
’
on .

i m p a n e l v e n t e r on a pa n e l or list ; e n rol [ al so spe lt i mpan

.

n el sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s e m p a n e l, e mpan n e ll ; pre se n t par

t i ci p le i m p a n e l in g i m p a n el l in g ; p ast pa rt i c i ple a nd pre t e

,

r i t i m p a n e l e d i mp a n e ll e d impa n e ld ] i m pa ni
’
.
, ,

i m p a n e l m e n t n [ a lso s pe lt i mpa n n e l m en t ; sy n ony mou s cog

.

n a t e s e mp a n e l m en t e mpa n n e l me n t ] i m pa ni-m on t
’
, .

i m p a r t i a l i t y n ( f re e d om f r om b ias ; f ai rne s s ) i m pae S id i

'
.
-

t i i m pa e S
’
, te l i t i -
.

i m p a s s a b l e a dj ( t hat ca n n ot b e pas t ) i m p a z-so-b ol

'
. .

i m p a s s e n ( a w ay ha v ing n o ou tl e t ; a fix ) i m p a zs, i m pa zs,

’ '
.

’
on pa zs .

i m p a s si b i l i t y n (q ua li t y o f b e i.n g i m p ass ib l e ) i m p so
- c

’
b i li -ti .

i m p a s s i b l e a dj ( in ca pa b l e of su ffe r in g ; in ca p ab le of f ee li ng
.

e m ot i on ; i m pa s siv ; in se n s ib le ; u ni m p re ss ib le ) i m paz-so-b ol,

’

i m pa s o-b ol
’
.

i m p a s t a t i on n ( f o r m a t i o n o f
. a p as t e ) i m p o s
'
t e e -
Son ,
on i m p ms t e e - S
i m po s t e e - S
’ ’
, on .

i m p e a c h v ch al le n ge , a t t ack , d ispa rage ; a ccu s e of t re ason

.

[ p a st pa rt i c rp l e a n d pr e t e r i t i mp e a ch e d, i mpe a ch t ] i m p i it S
’
.

i m p e c c a b l e a dj ( n ot ca p a b l e of sin ; u n e r ring) i m poko-b ol

.
'
.

i m p e d e v ( h in d e r ) i m p i id
'
. .

i m p e d i b l e a dj ob s ol e t e ( ca p ab l e of b e in g i m pe d e d ) i m pe d o
.
'

b ol .

i m p e d i m e n t n ( h i n d ra n ce , ob s t ru ct ion ) i m pe d i -m ont
'

m
. .

i m p e l l e n t a d j ( t h a t i p e l s ) i m p e l on t
’
. .

i m p e r a t or n ( m m d m ) m
’
i m po
'
co a n. e r ; e p e r o r i p o e e e t
- oe
,

e e t oe .

i m p e r c e p t i b l e a dj ( in ca pa b le of b e in g pe rce iv d ) i m pos
.

’
s e pt o- b ol .

i m p e r i a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt i mp er ia l is e ] i m p i z- e i-o-l a i z
’
. .

i m p e r i l v [ p r e s e n t p a rt i c i p le i m p e r il i n g i m p e r illin g ; past
. .

p a rt i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t im p e r il e d i m p e r il l e d , im pe r il d ; f e r ,

m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e e m p e r il ] i m p e e i l
’
.

i m p e r t u r b a b l e a dj ( s e r e n e ca l m ) i m poe t oze - b o- b ol
’
.
, .

i m p e t i g o n s k in - d is e a s e [ pl u ra l i m pe t ig in cs ] i m p i t a i - go
’
. .

i m p e t u o u s a dj ( h a v i n g im p e t u s ; v iol e n t ; r ash ) i m p e t cu -os ,

’
.

i m pe t S
’
u -os .

i m p e t u s n ( e n e r gy of m ot ion ; i m pu l s e ) i m p i - t os
’
. .

j ye , 9 cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
z

111 w h e n ; 1) S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , i i t , i i s e e ; f f
.

o p oe t 1c ; o ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor, 00 n o, e b e d , a o ga t e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD W ORD S 275

i m p i e t y n ( w a n t of pie t y ) i m p ai-i -t i
’
. .

i m p i ou s a dj ( n ot p iou s ; w i cke d ) i m pi-as

’
. .

i m p i o u s l y a d v i mpi-os-l i
’
. .

i m p i ou s n e s s n i m pi - os n i s
’
-
. .

i m p l a ca b l e a dj ( t h a t ca n n ot b e a ppe a se d ; i n e xora b le ) i m
.

b ol , i m p L ze ko b ol
’ ’
p L e e -
k o- -
.

i m p or t v ( b r in g in ) i m poze t
’
. .

i m p or t n ( s ig n i f i.ca t i on ; i m p or t a n ce ; c o m m o d i t y b r o u g h t
i n f r om a b r oa d ) i m - p oze t ; ( f or m er ly ) i m poze t
’ ’
.

i m p or t u n a t e a dj ( p e s s n g ; p e s ist e n t ) m im
’
r i r i p oze -
t.
e u -n ot
,
’
p o ze -
t o-
Sn ot .

i m p o r t u n e a dj ( t roub l e s om e , im p ort u n a t e ) i m poe t eu u n ,

’
.

i m p oze t cu n
’
-
.

i m p o r t u n e v i m poe t cuu n , i m p oze -t eu n

' ’
. .

i m p o s a b l e a dj ( t h a t m a y b e i m p os e d or l a id on ; a l s o, t ha t
.

m a y b e im p os e d u p on ; gu llib l e ) i m poo-z o-b ol

’
.

i m p o s s i b l e a dj ( n ot p os s ib le ) i m p oso- b ol
’
. .

i m p o s t e r n ( on e w h o i m post s or cl assi f ie s accord in g t o t a r

.

i ff s a n d d u t i e s ) i m - p os t oe
’
.

i m p o s t o r n ch e a t [ a ls o s p e lt i mp os t e r ] i m p ost oe
’
. .

i m p o s t u m e n a b sce s s , e t c [ a l s o s p e l t i m pas t h u m e ] i m p os
'
. .

t eu m i m p os t S um
’
-
.

i m p o t e n c e n ( w a n t of s t r e n gt h ; w e ak n e ss ) i m p o-t n s ; ( i m
’
.

p r op e r ly ) i m poo-t n s
’
.

i m p o t e n t a dj ( w e a k ) i m po-t n t , i m po-t on t
’ ’
. .

i m p r a c t i c a b l e a dj ( n ot p ra ct ica b l e ; p ra ct ica lly i m pos sib l e .

u n s e r v ic e a b l e ; u n m a n a g e a b l e ) i m ps w kt i ko b ol
’
-
.

i m p r a c t i c a l a dj ( n ot p r a ct ica l ; u n pr a ct ica l ) i m p sae k t i - k ol

’
. .

i m p r e c a t e v ( p r a y f or ; i n v ok e ; cu r s e ) i m pS i - k e t
'
. .

i m p r e c a t o r y a dj ( m a l e d ict ory ) i ifipS i ko- t oe i i m pS Ik o-t oe i ,

’ '
.
,

i m p a i k e e - t o- e i
’
i m p S i - k e t o-e i
'
.
,

i m p r e g n v ( im p r e gn a t e ) i m pS i in
’
. .

i m p r e s a n ( e m b l e m d e v ice , m ot t o) i m ps e e - so
’
.
, .

i m p r e s a r i o n ( O p e r a t ic m a n a g e r , e t c ) i m pa i s e z- e i- o, i m pa i
’
. .

’
z az ei o
- -
.

i m p r e s e n ( ob s ol e t e ) i m pS i i s s a m e m e a n i n g a s i m p r e sa
'
. . .

i m p r e s s v im p r i n t s t a m p [ p ast pa r t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r i t i m
. ,

p r e s s e d i m p r e s t ] i m ps e s
,
’
.

i m p r e s s v e n l ist [p a st p a rt i c i pl e a n d p re t e r i t i mp r es s e d im
.
,

p r e s t ] i m ps e s
’
.

i m p r e s s n ( s t a m pin g st a m p i m pr in t ) i m -ps e s
.
'
, , .

i m p r e s s n ( e n f orce d se rv ice in t h e arm y or n a vy ; im p re ss

.

m e n t ) i m - ps e s
’
.

c: law , fu r a: . ao c a t , 9 h ot
b oy : a : f a r no n ow a : a sk a i k it e ;
, oi , , ,

l e n gt h m a rk-
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

st e
r ss -
m a rk i n d i ca t e s chi e f s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow m g sy lla b le ,
2 76 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
i m p r e s s n ( e m b le m , d e v ice , im pre s a ) i m - ps e s
.
’
.

i m p r e s s e d a dj st a m pt i n ; h a v in g im p re ss ion s [ a l so s p e l t
.

im pr es t ] i m ps e st
'
.

i m p r e s s i b l e a d j ( ca p ab l e of b e i ng im pr e st ) i m ps e so-b ol
’
. .

i m p r e s t v ob s ol e t e ( a d v a n ce on l oa n ) i m ps e s t
.
'
.

i m p r e s t n ( m on e y a d v a n ce d ; l oa n ) i m -pa s st
.
’
.

i m p r i m a t u r n ( a n or d e r l e t it b e prin t e d ; sa nct ion ) i m ps i

‘ ’
.

m e e - t oe
’
.

i m p r i n t v ( im pre s s ; st a m p ) i m ps m t
’
. .

i m p r i n t n ( i m p r e s s ion , s t a m p ; p ri n t e r s or pu b lishe r s n a m e
’ ’
.

on a t it l e p a ge e t c ) i m pa w t
’
- -
.
, .

i m p r ob a t i v e a dj liab l e t o i m pr ob at ion or disproof t e n d in g

.

t o d isp r ove ; i m pr ob at ory [ a ls o s p e l t i m pr ob a t iv ] i m ps ob o

’

t i v , i m ps o b e t i v
’
-
.

i m p r ob a t or y a dj ( d is p rov in g, e t c ) i m ps ob o-t oe i , i m ps oo
' ’
. .

b o-t oe i , i m ps o-b e t o- e i
’
.

i m p r ob i t y n ( l a ck of p r ob it y ) i m ps oo- b i - t i , i m ps ob i -t i
’ '
. .

m p o m p t u a d v ( off h an d ; e xt e m p or e ) i m m
’
i r -
.
ps e p t cu
-
.

i m p r ov a b l e ad j ( ca p ab l e of b e i n g i m p rov e d ) i m ps on -v o
’
.

b ol .

i m p r ov i s a t i on n ( a ct ion or p rodu ct of i m p rov ising ) i m

.

’
ps ov r z e e -
on . S
i m p r ov i s a t o r n ( i m prov ise r ) i m ps ov i -z e t oe
'
. .

i m p r ov i s a t o r e n im p r ov isa t or [ a l s o sp e l t i m p r ovv is a t or e ;
.

p l u r a l i m p r o v i s a t or i i m p r a v i s a t o r e s ] i m p,s o-v i z
o t o ze i
'
.

i m p r ov i s a t or i z e v p la y t h e i m p r ov isa t or ; i m pr ov i se [ als o
.

s pe lt i m p r ov i sa t or ise ] i m - ps oV i z e e -t o-e a i z
’
.

i m p r ov i s a t r i c e n w om a n w h o i m p r ov is e s [ a l s o spe lt im
.

m m i i
'
p r o vv is a tr i ce ; p l u r a l i pr av i s a t r i c i ] i p s o-
v z o t gi -
t S i ; ( l es s
p r op er ly ) i m ps o V i i- z o- t gis
’
.

i m p r ov i s e v ( com p os e of f - ha n d , e t c ) i m ps o-v a i z , i m pas

’
. .

v a rz , i m p s o V i i z
' ’
.

i m p r ov i s e r n i m ps o V i i-z oe
’
i m ps o-v a i - z oe , i m ps o v a i -z oe ,
' '
. .

i m p u g n v ( cont ra d ict ; a s s a il ) i m p cuu n

’
. .

i m p u g n a b l e a dj obs ol e t e ( t h at ca n n ot b e ass a il d or ove r

.

c om e ) i m p A g n o- b ol
’
.

i m p u g n a b l e a dj ( lia b le t o b e i m pu gn e d ) i m p cuu -n o-b ol

’
. .

i m p u l s e n ( t hru s t pu s h ) i m - pA l s ; ( or m er ly ) i m pA l s
.
'
,
'
f .

i m p u l s e v i m pe l ; i n s t i g a t e [ p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r i t i m
.

p uls e d i m pu ls t ] i m pA l s
,
’
.

i m p u n i b l e a dj ( u n pu n ish ab le ) i m pcuu -n o-b ol

’
. .

i n p r e p ( w i t hi n ; at e t c ) i n ( a ls o w h e n un s tr e s t ) n
.
, .
, , .

’
i n a d v e r t e n c e n ( in a t t e n t ion ) i n od v s e t n s
. .

j ye , 0cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , c
t S h ew ;
w w he n ; i) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct a fool , i it , i t se e ;
.

, fu ll, on
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r. e aeri al , A b u t , oz door , 00 n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
2 78 DI CTI O N ARY O F H ARD WORD S
i n cl i n e n ( sl ope ) i n k z a i n , i a —k z a i n
' ’
. .

sa m e m e a n i n g as e n cl os e
’
i n c l o s e v i n k e ooz
. . .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s e n cl osu r e
'
i n cl os u r e n i n k z oo-3 s e . . .

i n cl u s i v e a dj e n cl osin g, com p r e h e n di ng , e t c [ a ls o spe lt in

. .

cl s v ] i n
i
’ ’
u k w -
u Si v i n k w u ziv -
, .

i n c o g n i t o ad j , a dv , n u n k n ow n , e t c [ a s n ou n , plu ra l incog
. . . .

n i t i ] i n k og n i t o ; ( i m p r op e r l y ) i n - kog n i i- t o
’ ’
-
.

i n c o g n i z a b l e a dj n ot c ogn iz a bl e [a ls o spe lt in cogn is a blc]

.

’
i n k og n i z o b ol , i a k og n a i z o b ol , i n k e n i z o- b ol
’ ’
-- - -
.

i n c o g n i z a n t a dj [ a l s o sp e l t in cogn is an t ] i n kog n i -z ont , i a

’
.

kon i - z on t
’
.

i n c o m p a r a b l e a dj ( m h ) m
'
a t c l e ss , e t c i n. k o po e o -
bol , ( r ap .

’
i dly ) i n k om ps o- b ol .

i n c o n d i t e a dj i ll pu t t oge t h e r ; cru de [ a l s o spe lt inc and it ]

.

i n k on - d a i t
’ ’
i n k on d i t , .

i n c on g r u e n t a dj ( n ot con gr u e n t ) i n kongeu - on t
’
. .

’
i n c o n g r u i t y n i n k on ge u u - i - t i . .

i n c on g r u ou s a dj i n k onge u -os
’
. .

i n c o n n u n ( f is h ) i n k o n j u u
’
. .

i n c o r p o r e a l a dj ( n ot b od ily ; im m a t e r ial ) i a -ke e poz-si-ol

’
. .

i n c o r r i g i b l e a d j ( d e pr a v e d ) i n k oe i d 3 o b ol
’
-
. .

i n c o r r u p t i b l e a dj i n k o e a pt o-b ol
’
. .
,

i n c r e a s a b l e a dj [ l ] m i -b ol
'
a l s o s p e t i n. cr e a s e a b l e k s r -
s o .

i n c r e a s e n ( au gm e n t a t ion ) i n - kois ; ( for m e r ly ) i n lcs i is

’ ’
. .

i n c r e a s e v w a x g r ow . au gm e n t , e tc [ p ast pa rt i ci ple a nd
, , .

p r e t e r i t in c r e a s e d i n c r eas t ] i n k 3 1 is
’
, .

i n c r e d i b l e a dj ( n ot c r e d ib l e b e y on d b e l ie f ) i n ks e d o-bol
’
.
, .

i n c r e d u l i t y n ( d isb e lie f ) i n k S i dj u u - l i - t i
’
. .

i n c r e d u l o u s a dj ( u n b e l ie v i n g ) i n ks e dj u- l os i n ks e d3 o-l os
’ ’
.
, .

i n cr e m a b l e a dj ob s ol e t e ( i n c.o m b u s t i b l e ) i n
’
k s e m o -b ol
,

i n kS i m o- b ol
'
.

i n c r e m a t e v ( cr e m a t e ) i n kS i - m e t i n kS I i- m e t
’ ’
.
, .

i n c r e m e n t n ( i n cr e a s e ) i i i i - m on t m ks r- m ont
’ ’
. .
,

i n c r u s t v [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e e n c r u s t ] I n kS A St
'
. .

i n c u b a t e v ( h a t c h ; b r ood ) i n k cu b e t mk cu - b e t
’ ’
-
. , .

i n c u b a t o r n ( si t t i n g b ir d ; h a t ch i n g a p pa ra t u s ) i n k cu-b otoe
.
’
-
.

i n c u b u s n d e m on of s l e e p ; n igh t m a r e [ pl u r a l in c u b u s es , in
.

’
cu b i ] i n k cu b os i ij k cu b os
’
- -
, .

i n c u l c a t e v ( s t a m p or f or ce on t h e m in d of a n ot he r ) i n
.

k A l k e t i n k ol - k e t
’ ’
-
.
,

i n c u r a b l e a dj ( t h a t ca n n ot b e cu r e d ) i n k cu z- e o- b ol
.
’
.

i n c u r s i o n n ( a ru n n i n g in ; in r oa d ) i n k oze 3 ou m k a e S ’ ’
.
-
on , .

i n c u s n a n v il - b on e of t h e e a r [ pl u r a l i n c u d es ] i nkos
’
. .

5 ye 0t h in 3 az u r e , d 3 oy : S s h oe , t Sc he w ;
'

9 cu r e : a t h e
, .

w w h e n ; i) S
i n g ; u w h oe ve r , 1 r e act u ful ou ool i it i i se e ; , f . .

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , 0 a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , ou n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HA RD WORD S 2 79

i n d e b t e d a d j ow i n g [ a l s o s p e lt in d e tt e d ] i n d e t i d
'
. .

i n d e c e n t a dj ( n ot d e ce n t ) i n d i i- sa n t
’
. .

i n d e c i s i v e a dj n ot d e cis iv [ a ls o s p e lt in d e cis iv ] i n - d i se i
’
.

si v.

i n d e c o r o u s a dj ( n ot d e cor ou s ; u n s e e m ly ) i n -d i k oz-z as , i n
’
.

’
d e k a-z os .

i n d e c o r u m n ( la ck of d e cor u m ) i n - d i koz-z a m
'
. .

i n d e f i n a b l e a dj ( n ot d e f i n a b l e ) i n - d i f a i - n a b a l
'
-
. .

i n d e f i n i t e a dj [ a l s o s p e lt i n d ef im t ] i n d e f i - n i t
’
. .

i n d e l i b i l i t y n [ a ls o, f or m e r ly , s p e lt i n d e l e b il i ty ] i n - d e la
.

'
b i l i -t i .

i n d e l i b l e a dj n ot d e lib l e ; in e a ce a b l e [ a l s o, t or m e rly , sp e lt
. ff
i n d e l e bl e ] i n d ol o- b e l
’
.

i n d e l i b l y a d v [ a l s o, or m e r ly , s p e l t i n d e l e bly ] i n d e l e - b l i
. f ’
.

i n d e n t v ( d e n t , d in t , e t c ) i n d e n t
’
. . .

i n d e n t n ( i n d e n t ion i n t h e e d ge of a t h in g ; d e e p r e ce s s ; in
.

d e n t a t i on ; p a r a g r a - in d e n t ion ) i n d e n t , i n - d e n t
’ '
f .

i n d e n t n ( d in t , h oll ow , or u r r ow i n t h e s u r a ce of a ny t h i n g ;
. f f
in d e n t a t ion ) i n - d e n t
’
.

i n d e n t i l l y a dj h a v in g lo ng in d e n t s [ a l s o s p e l t in d e n t ill ey ;
.

s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e in d e n t e l ly ] i n d e n t i - l i , i n - d e n t i l i
’ '
.

i n d e p e n d e n c e n i n d i p e n d an s
’
. .

i n d ex n f
or e - i n g e r
. f
p oin t e r ; a l f a b e t i c gu i d e [ pl u ra l i n d ex e s ,
in d ic e s ] i n - d e k s
’
.

'
I n d i a -i n k n i n d i- o i nk , i n d j o i nk ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) i n d si i nk
' ’
. .

I n d i a n a dj ( of In d ia ; A m e r i n d ia n ) i n d i a n , i n d i a n ; ( d ia
’ ’
-
.

l e c t a l ly ) i n d sa n , i n d si n
’ ’
.

I n d i a n i z e v m a k e In d ia n [ a l s o s p e lt In d i a m s e ] i n d i- o n a i z
'
’
-
. .

’
i n d i a -r u b b e r h ) i i n d j a z a b az ;
’
n ( c a ou t c o u c i n d -
a z a b az ,
.

( d ia l ec t a lly ) i n d so z a b az
’
.

i n d i c a t i v e a dj t h a t p oi n t s ou t or in dica t e s ; s h ow in g [ a l s o
.

s p e l t i n d ic a t iv ] i n d i k a - t i v
'
.

k
’
i d
’
i n d i c a t o r y a d j ( s e r v i n g t o i n d .c a t e ) i n d i k a -
t o a i , i n i a
'

m di
’ ’
i n d i k o- t aZ i ; d k i l
'
t am ; ( l o ) n t o ( p t v y) n
- -
a s i i e Z i , a ss u i

k e t az r .

i n d i c a t r i x n ( cu rv e ; s u r a ce ) i n d i k e e -t gi ks
.
’
f .

i n d i c e s n ( p l u r a l of i n d e x ) i n d i s iz
’
-
.

i n d i c i a l a d j ( o f t h e n a t u r e of a n i n diciu m ; i n dica t iv ; in
.

d e x - l ik e ; of t h e i n d e x i n g e r ) i n d i S
’
ol -
f .

i n d i c i u m n i n d ica t ion ; s ign ; t ok e n [ p l u r a l i n d ici a l i n d i S am ,

’
.

i em
'
i n di S -
.

’
i n d i c t v ( b r in g a ch a r ge a ga i n st ; a ccu s e ) i n d e i t
. .

i )
’
i d
n i c t ab l e a j
d l
( bi a l e t o b e n
. d i c t e d e t c i n d a i t o -
b al , .
-
.

0: l aw , fu r,a: a: c a t , b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , a : a s k , a i k i t e ;
0 h ot , oi
l e n gth m a rk-
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l o n g ;
s t r e s s ma r k
-
i n d i ca t e s chi e st r e ss on t h e f ollo w rn g s yl la blef .
280 DI CTI ON ARY O F HA RD WORD S
d i c t e e n ( p e rs on i n d ict e d ) i a -d e i t i i
’
in . .

i n d i c t e r n on e w h o i n d ict s ; f or m al a ccus e r [ also, forme rly,

.

] d
’
s p e lt i n d ic t or i n a i -
t az .

’
i n d i c t i o n n ( d e cr e e ; p e ri od ; y e a r ) i n d i k S
. an .

i n d i ct m e n t n ( ac s c u a t i o n ) i n .
’
d a i t -
m an t .

( rapidly) i a
’
i n d i f f e e t a dj
r n ( n e u t a ,
r l e t c ) . i n d i f a -
z ant , .

d i f s on t
'
.

d ( as su mptiv ly ) m
'
i n d i g e n o u s a dj ( ti v )
n a i n d i s. i -n a s
,

d i d sm os
’
.

i n d i g e n t a dj ( w a t g, n i n d e f i c
. i e n t ; p o o r , n e e d y)
'
m d i -d
p nt .

i d i e ct a j
n r d ( t
n o d ir e ct ) i. n -
d r e c kt , ( o t e n , as s u mptiv ly)
’
f
i n d i -e e k t
'
.

i n d i s c e r n i b l e a dj ( im p e r ce pt ib l e ) i n d i z oz n a-bal
’
. .

i n d i s c r e t i o n n ( f a ct of b e i n g i n d iscre e t ) i n d i sks e S
'
. an .

i n d i s p e n s a b l e a dj ( t h a t c a n n o t b e d i
. s p e n s t w i t h ) i nd i
’
s p e n s a b al—
.

'
i n d i s p u t a b i l i t y n i n d i - sp cu t a b i l i -t i , i h d i spcot a b i l i -t i
’
-
. .

-b l
m
'
i n d i s p u t a b l e a dj ( un q u e s t ion ab le ) . i n d i sp cou t - a o,
’
d i s p cu t a b al -
.

pco t abal
'
d
’
i n d i s p u t a b l e n e ss n i n d i sp cuu t ab al - - n i s,
. i n i s -

ni s .

d bl i
'
i n d i s p u t a b l y a dv i n d i s p cuu t a bl i , i n i sp co
’
.
- - t a -
.

i n d i s s o c i a b l e a dj ( in ca p a b l e . of b e in g d is s ocia t ed ; in se pa
r a b l e ) i n d i s oo S i a - b al
’
- -
.

-d i s ali
'
i d i s s o l u b i l i t y n i n d i s ol iu b i i t i , il b l
’
n - - n o
. i i -
ti .

b e l , m d i sa
’
( u n d e com p osa bl e ) i d s o l i
’
i n d i s s o l u b l e a dj n i . u -

l ib b e l
-
.

i n d i s s o l u b l y a d v i n d i s o i u b l i , i n d sa u bl i l i
’ '
l i -
.
-
.

i n d i t e v ( p u t in t o v e r b a l f or m ; w r it e ) i n d e i t
’
. .

i n d i t e m e n t n ( t h e a c t i on of t h e v e r b i n d i t e ; composit ion )
.

i n d u i t m an t
'
-
.

’
i n d i t e r n ( w r it e r ; s cr ib b l e r ) i n d a i -t az
. .

i n d i v i d u a l a dj ( e xis t i n g as a s e p a r a t e i n d iv isib l e e n tity

.

i n d i V I dj u - al
'
s i n g l e ; p a r t icu l a r ) i n d i V i d su - al
’
.
,
'
i n d i v i d u a l i z e v [ a ls o s p e lt in d iv i d u a l is e ] i n d i V i dsu -a-l e i z
. .

i n d o c i l e a d j ( in t r a ct a b l e ) i n d oS i l , i n d oo-Si l , i u d e o-s a i l
’ ’ ’
. .

i n d o c i l i t y n ( i n d ocil c h a r a ct e r ) i n d o Si l i - t i
’
. .

i n d o l e s n ( i n n a t e c h a r act e r ) i n d a-l iz
'
. .

i n d o m i t a b l e a d j ( st u b b or n ly p e r s is t e n t ) i n d om i t a -b al
’
. .

i n d o o r a d j s it u a t e d or ca rr ie d on w it h in d oors [ a ls o s pelt
.

i n - d oor ] i n d ozz
’
-
.

’
i n d o o r s a d v ( i n t h e h ou se ; u n d e r c ov e r ) i n dozz z
. .

i n d o r s e v i n d o zz s sa m e m e a n i n g as e n d or s e
’
. . .

j e, c cu r e b t h e 9 t h i n ; 5 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; , t Sc h e w ;
S s h oe ,

w 10 en ; I) s in g ; it w h oe v e r , i r ea ct , 0 u ll , on f f
ool , i i t , i i s ee ;
o

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
282 DI C TI ON A RY O F HA RD WO RD S

i n f a n t i c i d e n ( kil lin g of i n f a nt s ; chi ld-murd er ) m fe nt z

’
.

sai d .

i n f a n t i l e a dj of an in f a n t ; of in f ancy [al so, somet ime s.

.

sp e l t i n f a n t i l ]
’
i n f an -t i l
'
i n f an -t a i l , .

i n f a n t i n e a dj ( in f a n t il ) i n f an t ai n , i n f an -t i n
’ '
-
. .

i n f a t u a t e v ( mak e fa t u ous or f ool ish ) i n fc t S u -e t , i n fc t cu

' '
.

et.

i n f e cu n d a dj ( n ot f e cu n d ; b a rr e n ) m f e -h n d . i n f i i -lu nd
’ ’
.

(f m -f i k A n d
'
o r e r ly) i n .

i n f e r a b l e a dj t ha t m a y b e i n f e rr e d ; d e du cib le [ al so, former

.

f
ly , s p e l t i n e ri bl e ; s y n on y m ou s cog n at e s in err ib le, infer f
r a b l e ] i n f e z-ao- b al ; i n f o-z ab ol ,
’
i n f az a b al ; i n fsab al
' ’ ’
-
.

i n f e r e n c e n i n f a-z a n s ( r a p i d ly ) i n fs an s
' ’
. , .

i n f e r r i b l e adj [ a l s o s p.e l t i n err a b l e ] i f

n
'
f e z-e a-hel. same
m e a n i n g a s in er a b le f .

i n f i d e l n ( u nb e l ie v e r ) i n f i -d l , m f i -dal
’ ’
.

i n f i d e l i t y n ( u n b e li e f ; d isl oy a l t y ) i n f i d el i -t i , i n -f i del i -tt

'
. .

i n f i l t r a t e v ( in t rod u ce b y f ilt ra t ion ; pe rcol at e ) i u f i l -tact

’
. .

i n f i n i t e a dj b ou n d le ss [ a l s o s pe lt i n in i t ] m f i - n i t
.
'
f .

m a j i i m f t e s mal ; (
’
i n f i nit e s i al d ( n f n i t l y s a )
. ll i n i n i i -
les s
p r op e r ly) i n f i n i t e z r-m al
’
.

i n f i n i t i v a l a dj ( of t h e in f in it iv ) i n f i n i t e r v al , i n f i n i -t xval
' ’
-
. .

i n f l a m m a t i on n [ a lso, f or m e rly , spe l t in fl a ma t ion ] i n fu

.

m e e -S
’
an .

i n f l a m m a t or y a dj i n f u e m a toz i , i n f a a m a-t az i , ( r apid ly)

’ ’
-
.

’
i n f u e m a- t gi .

i n f l e c t i on n b e n d ing ; a n gl e ; ch a nge [ al so s p e lt inflat ion]

.

i n fL e kS
’
an .

in f l e c t i o n a l a d j [ a l s o s p e l.t i n l e x i o n a l ] f
i n
’
f L e k Sa-n l .

j ( )
'
infl e x i b l e a d u n b e a r
. a b l e i n f L e k s a -b
al .

i n f l o r e s c e n c e n ( f l o w e r i n g sys t e m ; b l oss om ) i n f m z e sans.

.
-
’

i h - f L o z e sa n s
’
.

i n f l u e n c i v e a dj t e n di n g t o i n fl u e n ce [ a ls o sp e lt i nf lu ensive,
.

’ ’
i n fl u e n s iv ] i n f L u e n S i v i n f L u - ou -s i v , .

i n f l u e n t a d j ( f l.o w i n g i n )
’
i n f L u a t
- n
.

i n f ol d v w ra p u p ; e n cl ose ; e m b race [ syn on y m ou s cogn at e

.

f
e n ol d ] i n fool d
’
.

i n f o l d e d a dj ( f ol d e d i n ; h a v i n g t h e m a rgi n t u r n d i n w it h a
.

f old ) i n fool -d i d , ( ass u m pt iv ly ) i n - fool -d i d

’ '
.

i n f o r m e d a dj in s t ru ct e d [ a l s o som e t im e s , s pe lt i nf or m d ] m
. ,

f o:z m d ( a ls o in p oe t ry ) i n f ozz -m i d
’ ’
.
, ,

l d
'
i n f r a n g i b l e a d j ( u n b r e a k a .b e ) i n f s z
e n s b al
a -
.

i n f r a -o c u l a r a dj ( b e l ow t h e e y e s ) i n fs a ok cu -l az
'
. .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n g 3 az u re , d z; j oy : Ss hoe t Sch e w ;
, ,

i n w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r ea ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , i i t , i i see ; f f
0 p oe t 1c ; s oy e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 DI CTI ONA RY O F HARD WORD S 28 3

infula n . w ool e n f il l e t or b a nd w orn b y p r ie st s [ p lur al in fu

l a e ] i n fiu- Ie
’
.

i n f u n d i b u l u m n ( u n n e l l ik e pa r t ) i n f an d i b j u
-
'
-l a m
. , i n -f
f
An

d i b j u l om
’
-
.

i n f u s i b l e a dj ( n ot u sib l e ) i n f iuu -z a-b al

’
. f .

i n f u s or i u m n a n m a l cu le [ p ura l in u s or i a ] i n
i l . f iu
’
z o z -z -a m
i , f
i n f iu soz- z i-a m
’
.

i n g e n i o u s a dj ( a pt , cl e v e r, s kil u l ; w e ll con t r iv e d ) i n dsi i

.
’
f
n j as , i n d si i n i a s
’
- -
.

i n g é n u e n ( in ge n u ous or a rt le s s gi rl or w om a n ) e nse n j uu
’
. .

i n g e n u i t y n ( in v e n t iv n e ss ) i n d si n j u u - i - t i
’
. .

i n g e n u o u s a dj ( r e e -
b or n ; ge n e r ou s ; n ob l e ;
. r a n k) f ia f
d se n j u -a s
'
.

i n g o t n ( m ass of m e t al ca st i n a m ol d ) i ij gat
'
. .

i n g r a f t v i n s e r t f or p r opa ga t i on ; im b e d [ sy n on ym ou s cog
.

n a t e e n gr a t ] i n gz a zft
’
f .

i n g r a i n v d y e w it h gra in or sca r l e t d y e ; d y e in t h e fib e r

.

or r a w m a t e r i al ; im b u e ; im p r e gn a t e [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e
e n gr a in ; p a s t port i C i ple a n d p r e t e r i t in gr a in e d, in gra in d ]
’
in gz e e n .

i n g r a i n a dj ( d y e d i n gra i n ; dy e d in t h e fib e r ) i n gz e e n ,
'
.

( m y)
’
a ss u p t i v l i n -
gz e e n .

i n g r a i n n ( y a r n or f a b r ic dy e d in t h e f ib e r ) i n ge c e n
’
-
. .

i n g r a t e a dj ( u n gra t e f u l ) i n gz e e t , ( a ss u m pti v ly ) i n -gz e t

’ ’
. .

i n g r a t e n ( u ng r a t e f u l p e rs on ) i n -gz e t i n gz e e t
’ ’
. .
,

i n g r a t i a t e v ( b r i n g i n t o f a v or ; m a k e a gr e e a b l e ) i n gz e e -S
i
’
.

et.

i n gr e di en t c on s t i t u e n t , ele men t i- d i-an t ; ( l es s

’
n .
( ) in gz i
p r op er ly ) in
'
gz i i- d sa n t .

i n gr e ss n .
( a ct ion or fact of goin g in ; e n t r a n ce ; b e gi n n in g )
'
i n - gz e s .

i n g u i n a l a d j ( of t h e groin ) i ngw r-u i

'
. .

i n g u l f v i n gA l f
’
. sa m e m e a n i n g a s e n g u l . f .

i n h a l a n t a d j in h a li n g [ a l s o s p e l t i n ha l e n t ] i n h e e -l ant
’
. .

i n h a l a t i o n n ( b r e a t h i n g i n ) i n -h a l e e - S
'
an
. .

i n h e r i t o r n ( h e ir et c ) m h e z r- t az
’
. . .
,

i n h i b i t v ( f orb id p r oh ib it ; r e s t ra in ) i n h i b i t
'
. , .

i n h i b i t or n [ a ls o sp e l t i n h ib i t or ] i n h i b i -t az
’
. .

i n h i b i t i on n i n h i b i S i ni b i S
’ '
-
an an .
,
.

i n h o s p i t a b l e a d j ( n ot h os pit a b l e ) i n h os p i t a -b al ( ass u m p
'
.
,

t iv ly ) i n h os p i - t ab al ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) i a h os p i t a-b al
’ ’
-
.

i n h u m e v ( in t e r b u ry ) i n h cuu m
’
. .
,

i n i m i c a l a dj ( h os t i l ) i n i m i -k al
'
. .

or l a w ,fu r
a: , a ca t , o b oy ; 0: f a r , 00 n ow 8 : a s k
h ot , or , , an k it e ;
l e n gt h -m a r k i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
f
s t r e ss- m a r k i n d i ca t e s ch i s t re s s on t h e f oll ow m g
e
sy l l a b l e .
28 4 D I CT I ONARY O F H A RD W ORD S

i n i m i t a b l e a dj ( in cap ab l e ' of b e in g imitat ed ; peerl e ss )

.

i n i m i ta ba
'
l ( as s u-m p v y)
t i l i
,
n i i n i -
t ab al .

i n i on n r i ge d . o f t h e o cc i p u t [p l u ra l i n i a]
’
i n i—
eu .

i n i t i a l v m a r k or s ign w it h in it ial s [p re s e n t part i ci pl e ” u

.

t ia l in g i n i t ia l l in g p as t pa rt i ci pl e a nd p re t e r i t in i tia l e d, i ni
,

t ia l le d i n i t ia l d ] i n i S
’
,
al

i n i t i a l iz e n u s e a n in i t i al , e t c [ als o spe lt ini tialis e ] i n i S

'
. a .

lai z .

i n i t i a t e v (b g ; e i n i n t r
. o d u c e ; s t ar t) i
’
n i s i-
et .

i n l a y v ( la y or e m b e d i n an ot h e r pi e ce ; in se rt ) i n l e e
’
. .

i n l a y n ( i n l ay in g ; in l a id w or k ) i n l e e , i n l e e
’ '
-
. .

i n m o s t a dj ( f a r t h e s t w it h i n ) i n m ost , i n mos t
’ ’
-
. .

i n n n ( h os t e l r y s m a ll h ot e l ) i n
. , .

i n n a t e a dj ( in b or n ) i n s e t ( ass umptivly) i -n e t ; ( als o) i n

’ '
. ,

( a s s u m pt iv ly ) i n ’n e t
’ ’
n e et ,
-
.

i n n a t e l y adv i nce t u , i n et a r
’
- -
. .

i n n i n g n ( t a kin g i n ; r e cl a im d l an ds ; b e ing in , or at t h e
.

’
b at ) i n i i] .

( d oin g ( as su mptiv ly )
'
i n n oce n t ad j . no e v il, etc .
) i na-san t ,
’
i n as an t .

i n n o c u o u s a dj ( ha r m l e ss ) i n ok cu -os
’
. .

i n n u e n d o n p a r e n t h e t ica l e xpl a n at i on ; obli q u e h in t [ als o

.

s p e l t i n u e n d o ; p l u r a l i n n u e n d oe s i n n u e n d os ] i n j u e n d a
'
.
,

i n o c u l a t e v ( b u d i n t o a n ot h e r p la n t ; in gr a ft ) i n ok ou-l e t
'
. .

i n o p p o r t u n e a dj ( n ot O p p ort u n e ) i n op az t cu u n
’
-
. .

i n q u i r e v a s k a b ou t ; a s k ; s e a rch s e e k [ sy n ony m ou s cog

.
,
’
n a t e e n q u i r e ] i n kw o i z .

i n q u i r y n s e a r ch ; q u e ry [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e e n q u iry] i a
.

’
-
,
’
f
k w o i 2 1 ( o t e n ) i n k w o i o Z i ; ( a ls o) i n k w i z i
'
-
'
i ij k w a -z r -
, .

j ( S a b al ; ( l ess
’
i n s a t i a b l e a d n ot s a t i a b l e ; g r e e d y)
. i n s e e -
i - -

p r op e r ly ) i n s e e Sa-b al ’
-
.

i n s a t i a t e a d j ( in sa t iab l e ) m s e e - S i- at
’
. .

’
i n s c i e n c e n ( n e s ci e n c e ) i n S
’
inS i an s i n si- an s
’
. an s ,
-
, .

i n s c r u t a b l e a dj ( i m p e n e t r a b l e t o i n q u i ry ) i n sks uu - t a -b al
’
. .

i n s e c t i l e a d j of i n s e ct s [ al s o s om e t im e s s p e l t in s e c t il ] i n
.
, ,

se kt i l
’ ’ '
i n s e k t e i l ; ( a l s o)
, i n se k t i l
- -
.

i n s e c t i v o r o u s a d j ( in s e ct e a t i n g ) i n s e k t i v a-z as
’
-
. .

’
i n s e n s i b l e a d j i n s e n so- b al . .

i n s e p a r a b l e a dj ( n ot s e p a rab l e ) i n s e paz a- b al , ( r ap id ly ) i n
'
.

’
s e ps s b a l -
.

i n s e r t v ( s e t in ; in t r od u ce ; in clu d e ) i n s e zz t
’
. .

i n s e r t n ( s om e t h in g i n s e rt e d ) i n - s e zz t
’
. .

m s n zz Sa n
’
i n s e r t i o n n i n s nz S
’
an
'
-
. .
,

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; , S t Sc h e w :
s h oe ,
u» w he n S
; r) i n g : 11 w h oe v e r l r e a ct , 0 u l l on ,
.

f , f
ool , i i t , i i s e e ;
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a: d oor , s o n o , e b e d , e e g at e ;
286 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
m ) -m an t
’
i n st r um en t ( m e a n s ; t oo
n l.; d o cu e n t i n st z a .

i n st ru m en t v ( a rra n g e o r .s c o r e f o r i n s t ru m e n t s or for an
i n s t ga- m an t , i n st ru m e n t
'
or ch e s t r a )
'
.

S
’ '
-l ae
i su
n l a r n ( o f a.n i s l a n d , e t c ) i n s c o- l a z , i n o . .

-l et
’ '
-l e t
S
’
-l e t
i su l a
n t e v ( i s ol a t e.
, e t c ) i n s c o , i n o , x n s e . .

i n su l t n ( a t t.a c k ; a ff r o n t , o u t r a g )
e
'
I n -SA i t .

i n s u l t v ( a ff r on t , ou t ra ge ) i n sal t
’
. .

i n s u r e v s e cu r e a ga i n st l oss ; gu ar a n t e e , as su re [ sy nonym ous

.

] Sozz
’
c og n a t e e n s ur e in .

i n t a g l i o n i n cis e d d e sign [ pl ur al in ta glios, in t agli] i n t ml-j o,

’
.

m t mlj o ; i n t a zl - j o
' '
.

i n t e g e r n ( w h ol e n u m b e r ; u n it q u a n t it y ) i n t i -dsee
'
. .

i n t e g r a b l e a dj ( ca p a bl e of b e i n g i n t e gr at e d ) i n t i gs a -b e l
’
. .

; ( i mpr oper ly ) i n
’
i n t e g r a l a dj n ( w h o l e ,
.
,
e t c ) . i n t i - z al
g .

t e gz al i u t i i- gz ol
’ '
.
,

i n t e g r i t y n ( w h ol e n e s s ; s ou n dn e ss ; h on e sty ) i n t e gz i -t i
’
. .

i n t e l l e c t n ( u n d e r st a n d i n g ) i n t a- l e kt i n t i -l e kt
' '
.
.
,

j ( i l i i l ) k
'
i tn e l l e c t i b l e a d n t e l g b e i n t a .l e t a -
b al .

i n t e l l e c t u a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t in t el l e c t u a l is e ] i nt a l e kt S
'
. u -o
lai z .

i n t e l l i g i b l e a d j ( com p r e h e n s ib le ) i n t e l i d sa -b al
'
. .

i n t e n d a n t n s u pe r in t e n d e n t m a n a ge r [ a l s o, f orm e rly, sp elt

. ,

i n te n d e n t ] i n t e n d an t
'
.

i n t e n t i on n i n t e n S
’
an . .

i n t e r v in h u m e b u ry [ p ast pa rt i ci p l e a n d pr e t e ri t in t erre d,
.
,

i n t e r d ] i n t s zz
’
.

i n t e r p r e p ( b e t w e e n a m on g) i n t e e
’
. .
,

i n t e r c a l a r y a dj ( i n t e r ca l a t e d , i n
. t e r p o l a t e d ) m ’
t s z ka —l e z i
;
( l e s s p r o p e r ly) m t a z
’
k ae l a -
zx .

i n t e r c a l a t i o n n i n - t s z ka l e e - S
'
an . .

i n t e r c e d e v ( i n t e r p ose ) i n t a z S I id
’
.

i n t e r c h a n g e n ( e xch a n ge ) i n t oe t S e e n ds, i n t e e -t S e e n ds
’
. .

i n t e r c h a n g e v i n t oz t Se e n d s
’
. .

i n t e r c h a n g e a b l e a d j i n t az t S
’
e e n -d so- b al . .

i n t e r d i c t v ( p r o h ib it f or b id ) i n t az d i kt
’
. , .

(p h i i i ) d i kt
’
i n t e r d i c t n r o b . t o n i n t a z -
.

( r a p id ly ) i n t gi st ; ( di al ec t a lly or v ul
’ ’
in t er e st n i nt a Z i st
.
-
,

)
’
g a r ly i n t - t ra s t .

( r ap id ly ) ( a ls o in A m er ica
’ ’
i n t er e st v . i nt a- z i st , i n t gi st ; , ,

l e ss p op e
r r ly ) i n t a z e st
’
.

i n t e r e s t e d a dj i n t az i s t i d m
’
- i st i d
( i ; ( rap
’
a pt l y) n t a
'
s s u v . i z -
,

i d ly ) i n t gi s t i d ( a s s u m pt iv l y ) m t gi st i d ; ( a ls o) m t a-z e st i d ;
’ ' ’
-
,

( a ls o i n A m e r ic a l e s s p r op e r ly ) i n t a r e s t i d
’
, , .

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 0t h in 3 az u re d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; , ,

1» w h e n ; i) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , i it , i i s e e ; f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g oth ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 28 7

m (
'
i )
’
i n t e r e s t i n g adj i n t az i s t i i] ( as s u p.t v ly ; r
- a p ,
i n t a - z i st i i)
'
i dly ) i n t ; i s t i i3 ( a ss u m ptiv ly ) i n t gi s t i i) ; ( a l s o)
’ ’
-
,
i n t a -
z e s t i ij ;

( a ls o, in A m e r ica , le s s pr op er ly ) i n t a z e st i i]
'
.

i n t e r f l u e n t a dj ( f low in g b e t w e e n ; f low i n g in t o e ach ot h e r )

.

i n tss
'
u -a n t .

i n t e r l e a f n e xt r a l e a f b e t w e e n ot h e rs [ pl u r a l i n t e r l e av e s ]
.

i n t az l i if i n t az - l i i f
’’
, .

i n t e r l o c u t or n ( o n e w h o t a k e s p a r.t i n a c o n v e r s a t i o n ;
j g
u d m e n t ) i n t az
’
l o k cu -
t az ; ( l e s s p r o p e r ly) i n t a z l a
’
k c uu -
t a z .

i n t e r l o c u t o r y a dj ( of or occu r r in g in d ia l og , c on v e rs a ti on , .

or a ct i on ) m t az l ok cu - t oz r, i n t az l ok cu - t a z i
’ ’
.

i n t e r l o p e r n ( u n a u t h or iz e d t r a d e r ; on e w h o i n t e r f e re s ) i n
.

’
i n t az - l op oz
’
t oz loo p az , -
.

i n t er m ezzo n .
( d ra m a t i c or m u sica l pie ce b e t w e e n a ct s , et c .
)
m e dz o
'
i n t az .

m
'
-m n
i n t e r i n a b l e a d j ( e n d l e ss ) i n t s zz i a -
b al . .

i n t e r m i t t e n t a dj ( ce as in g a t i n t e r v a l s ) i n t az m i t n t
’
. .

’
i n t e r n a dj i n t e r n a l [ a l s o sp e lt i n t e r n e ] i n t e zz n
. .

i n t e r n n i n m a t e ; as s ist a n t r e si d e n t ph ys ici a n [ a l s o s p e lt in
.

te rn e ]
’
in t ozz n .

i n t e r n a t i on a l i s e v . [ also sp e l t i n t er n a t i on a lis e ] i n t oz

S
'
c on l - a i z
na .

i n t e r n e c i n e a dj d e s t ru ct iv , d e a dly [ als o, s om e t i m e s , s p e lt
.

i n t er n e cin ] i n t az n i i- S i n , i n t az n i i- s a i n ; ( imp r op e r ly ) i n t ac
’ ’

n e sm
’
.

i n t e r n e c i o n n ( d e s t r u ct ion ; s l a u gh t e r ) i n t az n i i- S
’
. an .

i n t e r n u n c i a l a dj ( con v e y in g m e s s a ge s ; c om m u n ica t i n g )
.

a l , i n t az n A n t S
’
i n t az n a n S
'
al .

i n t e r n u n c i o n ( p a pa l r e p r e s e n t a t iv s e n t b e t w e e n n u n ci os
.
,

i- o
'
e t c ) i n t az n A n S
. .

i n t e r p e l l a t e v ( a d d r e s s w it h a q u e s t ion , i n i n t e rru p t i on of
.

t h e or d e r of t h e d a y ) i n t az p e l e t
’
.

i n t e r p e l l a t i o n n ( in t e rr u p t i on ) i n - t oz pa l e e - S
'
an , . i n t oe - p e

le e- S
’
an .

i n t e r p o l a t e v ( in s e rt , a s in a w r it i n g ; i n t r odu ce su r r e p t i
.

t i ou s l y ; i n t e rca l a t e ) i n t oz p a l e t
’
-
.

i n t e r p ol a t i o n n ( a ct i on of i n t e r p ol a t i ng ; i n s e rt i on )
. in

t oz p a l e e - S
'
on .

i n t e r p o s i t i o n n ( in t e rv e n t ion ) i n t az p a Z i S
’
an . .

i n t e r r o g a t e n ( q u e s t ion ) i n t e z a - g e t
'
. .

i n t e r r o g a t i v e a d j n [ a l s o s p e l t in t e rr oga tiv ] i n t a z og a-t i v

’
. . .
,

i n t e r s p e r s e v ( s ca t t e r b e t w e e n ot h e r t h in gs ) i n t e z s p ozz s
’
. .

i n t e r s t a t e a d j i n t az st e e t ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) i n t e e - s t e e t
’ '
.
, .

c: l aw fu r,
, a: ae c a t , 0 h ot , oi b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a s k , a i k i t e ;
l e n gt h m a rk -
i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;

s t r e s s m a rk
-
i n d i ca t e s ch i e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g s y l la b l e .
288 DICTIONARY O F H ARD WORD S
i n t e r st i ce n . i n t e rv e n in g s p a ce ; ch i n k ; int e rv al [ al so spe lt
’
i n t e rs t is ] i n t s z st i s , i n t s zz - st i s ; i n t az -st i s
' '
.

i n t e r s t i t i a l a dj ( of i n t e r s t ice s ) i n t az st i S
’
al
. .

i n t e r v e n e v ( com e b e t w e e n ) i n t s z V i in
'
. .

i n t e s t a c y n ( con dit i on of dy in g in t e sta t e or w it h ou t h av

.

in g m a d e a w ill ) i n t e s t a- s r
’
.

i n t e s t i n e n gu t , b ow e l [ a l so, s om e ti m e s, sp e lt in t es t in ] i a
.

'
t e s t i n ; ( i m r o e r ly ) i n t e -s t a i n
’
p p .

sa m e m e a n i ng as en t h ra ll
'
i n t h r a l l v ( ob s ol e t e ) i n O s c zl. . .

i n t i n e n i n n e r m e m b r a n e of a p oll e n -gr a i n [ also sp e lt i n t i n ]

.

'
l ut i n .

i n t i t u l e v ( f u r n i s h w i t h a h e a d in g ; e n t it l e ) i n t i -t cul
'
. .

i n t o p r e p i n t u ( w h e n l e s s s t r as t ) i n t a , i n t o
' ’
. .
,
'
i n t o n a t e v ( in t on e e t c ) i n t o- n e t. ,
. .

i n t r a d o s n ( in n e r or l ow e r cu r v e of a n a rch ) i n txe e-d e s

'
. .

i n t r a n s i g e n t a d j u n com p r o m i sin g, i rr e con cilab l e [ al so spe lt

.

i n t r a n s iy e a n t ] i n t gze n S i - d sa n t i n t ge zn - S i -d san t
’ ’
.
,

i n t r e n c h v s u rr ou n d w it h a t re n ch ; f ort ify w it h w all s [ syn

.

( i n B r it a in ) m t t e n s
’ ’
on y m ou s cog n a t e e n t r e n c h ] i n t ge n t S , .

’
i n t r i c a c y n ( s t a t e o f b e i n g i n t r ica t e ; com pl e xit y ) i n tt i lre -s x
. .

i n t r i g a n t n i n t r igu e r [ a l s o s pe l t i n t r ig u a n t ] i n t zi -gan t
'
. .

i n t r i g a n t e n f e m a l e i n t r igu e r [ a l s o sp e lt in trigu an t e] i n
.

m
' ’
tr g
i a zn t ty ga n t
-
, .

i n t r i g u e n ( u n d e r h a n d p l ot t in g ; lia is on ) i n t gi ig, i n-t zig '

’
.
.

i n t r i g u e v ( t r ick e n t a n g l e p l ot ) i n t gi i g
’
.
, , .

i n t r o i t n ( a n t iph on a t t h e i n t r oit ; e n t r a n ce psal m) i n t t oo '

.
-

i t .

i n t r o m i s s i o n n ( a d m is s ion ; in t e r m e dd li n g) i nt x a mi S
’
. an .

i n t r o s u s c e p t i o n n ( a ct i on of t a k in g u p or r e ce ivi ng w it h .

in ; i n t u s s u s ce p t i on ) i n t ra s a s e p S
’
an .

i n t r u s i o n n ( a ct ion of in t ru d in g or p u s h i n g in ) l u tt on -sa n
'
. .

i n t r u s i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e l t i n t r u s iv ] i n t guu - s w
'
. .

i n t r u s t v c on f id e [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e e n t r u s t ] i n txA st
' ‘
. .

i n t u i t v k n ow b y i n t u it ion [ a l s o s p e lt i n t u ite ] m -t eu - i t
’
.
.

i n t u i t i o n n ( i m m e d i a t e k n ow l e d ge or a pp r e h e n si on ; d ire ct
.

in s ig h t ) i n t cu i S
'
an .

i n t u i t i v e a d j of i n t u it i on [ a l s o s p e lt in t u it iv ] i n t cou -i -t i v
’
. .

i n t u m e s c e n c e n ( s w e l l in g ) i n t cu m e s a n s
’
. .

i n t u s s u s c e p t i o n n ( a t a k in g i n ; i n ge st ion ; in v a gin at ion ; .

i n t r os u s c e p t i o n ) i n t a s a s e p S
’
an .

i n u n d a t e v ( ov e r f l ow : f l ood : s w a m p ) i n A n de t i n an -det
’ '
-
.
, .

i n u r e v a ccu s t om h ab itu at e [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e e n ur e ]

.
,

j u ze
'
i n .

j ye . c cu r e : b t he t sch e w ;. 9 t h in 3 az u r e , ( 13 j oy ; Ss h oe ,

i n w h e n : i) Si n g : 11 w h oe v e r , i r e act if u ll on ool , i it , i i s e e ; . f . f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , 0 a e r i a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
290 D I C TI ON ARY O F H A R D WORDS

in w rap i n f old [ sy n ony m ous cog n at e en w rap ; past part i

v.
c i p l e a n d p r e t e ri t in w r a pp e d, in w rapt ] i n ee p
'
.

i n w r o u g h t a dj ha v i n g s om et hi n g w orkt in ; w orkt int o

.

s om e t h in g [ f orm er syn ony m ou s cogn at e enw ong h t ] m e e t t .

'

( as s u m p v y)
t i l
'
i n -z
czt .

i o d i c a dj ( of iodin ) s i e d i k
’
. .

i o d i d e n c om pou n d of iodin [ also, some t imes , spe l t ia did ]

.

’
ai a d a d
- - i (b e f o r e
, o f )
’
a i a di d
- -
.

i o d i n e n e l e m e n t [ als o s pe lt i od in ] ai a-d i n , s l-a-d a m , ei -o

' - ' '
.

din .

i o d o f o r m n ( co pou m . n d )
’
a i- ad o- f o zz m , a t a o—do-f e zen .

io n n .
( a n ion or cat i o n )
'
o i -e u
.

I on i c a dj ( of Ion ia , e t c ) a i on i k
'
. . .

i o n i c a dj ( of i on s ) oi on i k
'
. .

I on i s e v Ion iciz e [ a l so s p e l t Ion is e] ai -o-n ai z

. .

i on i s e v ( con v e rt in t o a n i on or i on s ) ai-o-n s i z
'
. .

i o t a n ( G r e e k l e tt e r ; l e a st pa rt icl e ; a t om ) ai ao-t a
’
. .

- kaek
i h ) p
’
ip e c a c n ( p e ca
. c u a n a i i .

i p e c a c u a n h a n r oot : p l a n t [ sy n on ym ou s cognat es ipee am s ,

.

’
ipoca c ] i p i kz k cu ae n a -
.

i r a s c i b i l i t y n oi z a s a b i l i t i i zte sa b i l i -t i
' '
- - - '
. , .

i r a s c i b l e a dj (p m d ) m -b ol
’
r o n e t o. a n g e r ; h ot -
t e p e r a i e ,

e s o-b ol
’
i za .

i r a t e a d j ( e xcit e d t o ire ; a n gry ) a i s c et , ai -z e t

’ '
. .

i r on i c a l a dj ( pacif ic ; n on p ol e m ic) s i z e n i -kal , s i e i i -n i -kal

’ '
-
. .

i r e n i c o n n m e s s a ge of p e a ce [ a l s o sp e lt ei r en icon ; pl ural
.

ir e n ica ] a i r i i-u i -k on oi z e n i k a n
’ ’
-
.
,

i r e s i n e n ( pl a n t ) a i e i s e r-n i s i -z i soi -u i
’ ’
-
.
. ,
’
i r i d a l a dj ( of t h e r a i n b ow ) a i z i d l ( rar ely) i s i -dl
'
- -
. , .

i r i d e s n ( p l ur al of i r is ) i Z I -d iz -di z
’ ’
. a i -z x , .

i r i d os c e n c e n ( p l a y of ch a n g ing colors ) i e i d e son s ; ( less

'
.

p r op e r ly ) e i -z i de son s
'
.

i r i d i c o l o r a d j ir id e sce n t [ al s o s pe l t ir id icolou r ] rei d i -kAlae

’
. .

i l - m
i r i d i u m n ( met )
'
m d
’
a l
. o i Z i d a I Z I a -
, .

i r i d o d e s i s n ( b in d i n g of t h e ir is ; i ride sis ) a i -s i dod i -s i s.

'
.

i c i d od i - Si s
’
.

-m e m
i r i s n r a n b ow ; c o d y
. i o l r e e b r an e [ pl ural ir is e s irid es ] ,
’
e i -z i s.

k i l i i s ]
’
Ir i s i e v ma e
h z Ir s h
. [ s
a l o s p t
e I r s h e a i - i -
z Soi z .

i
i ri t is n ( n a f l m
. m a t i on o f t h e i r i s ) o i
’
z o i -t i s , e i
’
z i i-
ti s .

i r k s o m e a dj ( w e a r is om e t e d iou s ,
. t ire s om e ; a n n oy ing)
,

oz k som a zz k -s a m
’ '
.
,
'
m l ) i l y)
’
i r on n ( e t a . a -
a z n ; ( di a l e c t a l ii i - a n e i -
e an , .

'

j ye c cu t e : 6 t he
,
9 t h in ; 3 az u re , d s oy ; s hoe , t sc h e w ;
.
S
i n w h e n : i) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , u f u l ou { ool , i i t , i i s e c ;
.

0 p oe t ic ; a ov er , e a e ri al , A b u t , a: door , s o n o, e b ed , s o gat e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F HA RD WORD S 29 ]

i r o n m o n g e r n ( h a r d w a r e m e rch a n t ) e i az n m A ngaz
’
- - -
. .

i r o n y n ( d is s im u la t ion ; cov e r t sarca sm ) oi ao-n i

’
-
. .

i r o n y a dj ( of ir on ) e i oz n i
’
-
.
-
'
e i -z a- u i , .

i r r a t i o n a l a dj ( n ot rat ion a l ) i z mS
’
a nl
-
. .

i r r e c o g n i z a b l e a dj [ a ls o s p e lt irre cog n isa bl e ] i z e kag-n e i

’
.

’
z a b ol , i Z i k ogn i z a b ol
’
-
i -z e k og n a i - z a-b al -
, .

i r r e c o g n i z a n t a dj [ a l s o s p e lt ir r e cogn is a n t ] i z i kog n i -z an t
’
. .

i r r e c o n c i l a b l e a dj i z e kan s a i l o b ol , ( as s u m ptiv ly ) i z e ka n
’ ’
- - -
.

s e i l a --
b ol .

'
i r r e c o n c i l a b l y a dv i z e k an s e i -la bl i
’
- -
( a n t e r ior ly) i z e kan .
,

s s i - l a -
bl i .

i r r e f l e c t i on n w a n t of r e f l e ct ion ; u n r e f l e ct in g con du ct
.

[ a l s o s p e lt irr efl ex ion ] i Z i f L e k Ss n

’
.

i r r e f r a g a b l e a dj ( i n con t r ov e r t ible ) i z i fs aed sa b al , i z e fs a

’ ’
-
.

d so b ol -
.

i r r e f u t a b l e a dj ( i r re raga b l e ) i Z i f cou -t a- b al i z e f cut a- b al

'
.
'
f , .

i r r e l e v a n t a dj ( n ot r e l e v a n t ; n ot p e rt in e n t ) i z e l i -v a n t
'
. .

i r r e m e a b l e a dj ( a d m it t in g of n o r e t u r n ) i z e m i o b ol , i t i i
' ’
- ~
.

m i- a- b ol ; ( l es s r o e r ly ) i Z i m i i- a -b al
'
p p .

i r r e m e d i a b l e a d j ( i n cu r a b l e ) i Z i m i i d i a b al i z i m e d i-o-b ol
’ ’
- - .
-
, .

i r r e m i s s i b l e a dj ( u n pa r d on ab l e ; u n a lt e r a bly ob liga t ory ) i z i

.

m i s o-b ol
'
.

i r r e p a r a b l e a d j ( in capa b l e of b e i n g r e p a ir d or re ct i ie d )
. f
i z e p oz o- b al ; ( i m r o e r ly ) i z i p e z-s e -b al
' ’
p p .

i r r e s ol u b l e a d j ( n ot r e s olu b l e ) i z e z al iu -b al
’
. .

i r r e s o l u t e a d j ( u n r e s ol v d ; v a cilla t in g) i z oz o-lint
'
. .

i r r e s p i r a b l e a d j ( t h a t ca n n ot b e b r e a t h d ) i z e s paz a-b al , i z i
’
.

’
i -z a - b a l
’
sp a i -
a o-b a l i Z i s p a
a , .

i r r e t r i e v a b l e a dj ( i b l i )
’
r r e c ov e r a e ; r r e p a r a b.l e i Z i tgi i-v
o
b el .

’
i r r e v o c a b l e a dj i z e v ako-b ol ; ( i m r o e r ly ) i Z i v oo-ka-b ol
.
'
p p .

i r r u p t i on n ( a b u r s t i n g in ; in r oa d ) i Z A p S
’
. an .

. S
i s v ( t h ir d p e r s on i n gu l a r p r e se n t i n d i ca t i v of b e ) 1 2 , ( w h e n “

l e s s s t r es t ) z s , .

i s a b e l n col or [ a l s o spe lt isa b e l l e ] i z a-b e l

’
. .

i s a g o g e n i n t r od u ct ion [ a l s o s p e lt is a g ogu e ] oi sa goo-dsr,

’
-
.

’
ai - sa
g oo-
gi .

i sa t i c j ( of i s a t i n )
'
ad . a i sze t i k .

i sa t i n com p ou n d [ is a t i n e ]
’
n . a lso s p e l t ai -
so
-
ti n .

i sa t i s n .
( w hit e f ox ) ’
-
ai sa -
t i s ; ( im r o p p e r ly ) ’
i sa-t i s ,
’
ai se e
ti s .

i s ch i a t i c ad j . of
isch iu m t he or hi p ; s cia t ic [ syn on y m ou s
is ch i a d i c] i s ki ze t i k
’
c og n a t e .

c: la w f u r,
, a: o ca t , 9
a b oy ; a : f a r , d o n ow , 6 : ask , or k it e ;
h ot , 91
h
l e n gt m a r k
-
i n di ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e s s m a rk —
i n d i ca t e s chie s t r e s s on t h e f
oll ow m g sy ll ab l e .
292 DI CTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
i s c h i o r r h o g i c a dj ( lim p in g sa id of a v a ri et y of iambic
. .

t r i m e t e r ) i s ki-a z od5 1 k , i s k i a z oo-dsi k

’ ’
-
.

I s h m a e l i t e n ( d e s ce n d a n t of Ish ma el ) i S -m e-a
i S
’
u i a—l s i t ,
’
-
.

lai t .

I s i a c a dj ( of Is is ) e i si mk i s i-ze k
’ ’
- -
. .
,

I s i a c a l a dj a i s e i- o-k al s a m e m e a n i ng a s Is iac
’
. . .

i s i d i u m n coral -lik e e xcre s ce nce on lich e n s [ pl ural isi d ia]

.

e r s rd i-am
'
.

i s i n g l a s s n ( ge la t in ; m ica ) e i z i n gl s zs ; ( l es s p r oper ly ) a i
’ '
- -
.

z n - gl a zs .

I s l a m n ( M oh a m m e d a n is m ; t h e M oh a m me d an w orld ) i s e a m ,
'
.

i z l a m , i s l a zm
’ ’
.

I s l a m i c a dj ( of Isl a m ) i s lae m i k , i s la z- m i k
’ ’
. .

I s l a m i t e n ( M oh a m m e d a n ) i s L a-i n a i t , i z l a- m a i t
’ ’
. .

i s l a n d n t ra ct of l a n d su rr ou n d e d b y w at e r [ a ls o spe lt ila n d]
.

e i l on d
’
-
.

i s l e n i s l a n d [ a l s o s p e l t il e ] a i l
. .

]
'
i s l e t n l it t. l e i s l e ; s m a l l i s l a n d ; s p o t [ a l s o s p e l t i l e t s i -l i t .

i s m n ( d oc t r in t h e ory ) i z a m , i z m
’ ’
.
.
,

I s m a e l i a n n on e of a s e ct of t h e Sh i i t e b ra n ch of Islam
.

i
'
m i
’
[ ys n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e I s a i l i a n ] i s u i i i - i -ou
l , i s u e l -on
,

i S M C i i-l i-an
'
.

i s o b a r n ( is ob a r om e t r ic l i n e ) s i -sa-b a zz
’
. .

i s o c h e i m n l in e of e q u a l m e a n w i n t e r t e mpe ra tu re [ also
.

s p e lt is oc h i m e ] a i - se - k a i m
’
.

’
i s o c h r o n o u s a d j ( of e q u a l t im e ) a i soks a-n as . .

l b al,
' ’
i s o l a b l e a dj ( t h a t c a n . b e i s o l a t e d ) a i -s al
a -
b a l , i s a a -

’
i z ol a b al -
.

’ '
l i ) -l e t -l t
'
i o
s l a t e v ( p a ce . a l o n e ; n s u l a t e a i -
s a -
l e t , i s a , i z a e .

i s o l a t i o n n a i - sa le c- S i sa le e -S an , i z a l e e -S
' ’ ’
. an , an .

i s o m e r e n ( h om ol og ou s l i m b se gm e n t ) s i -s a-m i zz
'
-
. .

i s o m e r i c a dj ( h a v in g e l e m e n t s t h e s a m e i n k in d b u t d i ffe
.

h om ol ogou s ) a i - s a m e Z i k
’
r e n t i a a r r a n ge m e n t ; a l s o , .

i s o m e r i s m n ( f a ct or s t a t e o f b e in g i s om e r ic ) s i s e m a -r i z am
’
. .

’
i s o p s e p h i c a dj ( n u m e r ica lly e q ua l ) e i -s o s e f i k a i -so S i i- f i k ;
’
. ,
'
k
’
( r a r e l y) a i -
s o p s e f i , a i -
s o p S i i -
fi k .

’
i s o s c e l e s a dj ( h a v i n g t w o of it s s i d e s e q ual ) e i s osa-l iz
. .

i s ot h e r m n ( l i n e o f u. n i f o r m m e a n t e m p e r a t u r e )
’
s i -
ao
G oze m .

i s o t r o p i c a dj ( h av in g t h e sa m e p rop e r t ie s in a ll d ire ct ion s)

.

’
a i - s a t gop i k .

i s o t r o p y n ( h a v in g l ik e p h y s ica l p r op e rt ie s in a l l d ir e ct ions)
.

' ’
a i s ot ij a -
pi , ai -s
e - t gop i .

c cu r e : ot h e O t li i n ; 3 a z u re , d 5 oy ; Ss h oe , i Sc he w ;
'

i ye , .

l l) w h e n u s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u l , ou ool , r i t , i i se e ; f
0 poe t ic ; a ov er , e ae ri a l , A b u t , a: door , s o no, e b e d, e e g at e ;
29 4 DICTIO N ARY O F H ARD WORD S
i s a r d n a n t e l op e [ a ls o s p e lt is ar d, iz z ar d ] i z az d
’
. .

i z z a r d n t h e l e t t e r z e e ; z e d [ f orm e r syn onym ous

. cognat es
is s e t, iz z ar t, uz z ar d ] i z az d
'
.

k k
’
i d d d
’
j a ca n a n ( b r ).
3 a
e a -n
a , s a e e -
na .

d k —c zl
’
j ac k a l n ( w i l d
. d og r e s e m b l i n g a f o x ) 3 z .

t j oc k e y ] d 3 ie k i
'
j a c k y n g i n
. [ a l s o s p e l .

J a c o b e a n a dj o f J a m e s t h e Fi rs t [ al so sp e lt J ac ob aecn]
.

d 3 ae ka b i i a n ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) d 3 a koo-b i-an
' ’
- .

J a c ob i a n a d j ( of J a cob i ) d3 a koo b i an
’
- -
. .

J a c o b i n n ( D o m i n i c a n e t c ) d 3 a ka b i n
'
-
. . .
,

j c j ] d k
'
i l i bi n
a o b i n n p g e o n . [ a l s o s p e t a c o b n e 3 a a-
.

J a c o b i t i s m n ( p r in cip l e s of t h e J acob it e s or adhere nts of

.

J a m e s t h e Se con d ) d 3 azka b e i t i z am d 3 ae kab i -t i z a m

’ ’
- -
, .

’
j g
i o r n b i r.d [ a l s o s p e l t j g
a e e r j g , y g ] j
a er a er e e - ae
g , .

j a g h i r n a’ s s ign m e n’t [ a l s o s p e lt j agh ire ’ j agh eer,’ j age er,

.
,

j g ’] 3 g
a i r d a i zz d 3 ac g i zz ; ( l e,ss p r o p er l y) d z
3 g , i z d sa z- i
g z.
d 3 ae g h ozz .

j agu a r n ( ca rn iv or ou s m a mm al ) d3 z gw az , dsa gw azz ,

’ ’
.
-

d 3 ae gj u az
’
-
.

j a i l n p r is on [ a ls o sp e lt ga ol ] d 3 e e l
. .

j a i l e r n [ a ls o sp e l t j a il or g a ol e r ] d 3 e e l az
’
-
. .
,

J a i n n on e of a n on B r a h m in ica l Ea st In dia n s e ct [ syn ony

.
-

m ou s cog n a t e J a in a ] d 3 e e n d 3 a i n , .

j a l a p n ( d ru g ; pl a n t ) d 3 ael ap d 3 ol ap
’ ’
. .
,
’
j i ( l in d sh u t t e r ) d 3 ae l u 2 1 i 3 a lu z xi
’
a l o u s e n b . , , .

j a m n ( c on s e r v e ) d 3 ze m
. .

j a m v c r u s h cr ow d [ p a s t pa rt i c i p le a n d p re t e r i t j am me d,
.
,

j a w d ] d 3 ae m .

j a m b n l e g . p i e c e ; s id e p i e ce of a d oor or w in d ow ; ch e ck of
- -

a f i r e p l a c e [ a l s o s p e lt j a m ] d 3 a3 m
-
.

j a m e s o n i t e n ( m i n e r a l ) d 3 e e m se n a i t ; ( im p r op er ly ) d3 8 e
’ ’ - -
.

m i ss nu i t
-
.

J a n u a r y n ( m on t h ) d 3 ae n j u e z i
’
d 3 ze nj u a Z i ; ( a n t er ior ly )
'
- - -
.
,
'
d 3 azn j u d 3 aen j a a i ( r a id l y ) d 3 zc n j oz 1
-
oz r,
’
—
, p ’
.

j a p a n v v ar n is h [ p a st p a rt I C I ple a n d p r e t e r i t j a a nn e d, ia
. p
pa n d ] d 3 a pa
’
on , d 3 ae pa
’
en .

’
. J
J a p a n e s e a dj ( of a p a n ) d 3 ae p a n i i z ( ass u m ptiv ly ) d3 a pa ’

n iz ; ( a l s o ) d 3 a
e p a n i is , ( ass u m pt iv ly )
’
d 3 zB p a- n is .

J a p a n e s e n ( p e rs on ; l a n g u a ge ) d 3 aep a n i i z , d 3 aepa n i is
’ '
. .

J a p a n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t J a a n is e ] d 3 a pae n a i z , d3 ae pz - n oi z
.
’
-
’
p .

j ye , c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; i) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool i it i i see ;
.

f f , .

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTI ON AR Y O F HARD WORD S 295

( fl ow 3 a z d i n j e zz
’
j ar d i n i er e n e r- st a n d ; ca ch e - p ot ) .

’
j a g on n ( g ; ba b ) d d
’
r i bb e r i s h b l e. 3 a zz g on 3 a zz - an
g -
,
.

j a r g o n n m in e ral [ sy n ony m ou s cogn a t e j a rgoon ] d3 a zz

’
g an
-
. .

j a r l n ( n ob le m a n ) j a zei d 3 a zz l
.
, .

’
j a r o s i t e n ( m in e r a l ) d 3 aez a s e i t d3 a z oo sa i t d 3 a z z a
’ ’
.
-
,
-
,
- -
sa i t ,

h a z oo-sai t
’
.

j a s m i n e n p l a n t [ a l s o
. s p e l t j a s m i n ; s y n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e s

j ess a m in e , j e ss a m in ] d 3 ios m i n ’ d 3 ae z m i n
' ’
.
,

j a s p e r n (c h a l .c e d o n y ; q u a r t z ) d 3 ae s p a z d 3 o z-
s p az ,
’
.

j a u n c e v a r c h a i c
.
( m a k e p r a n c e ; p ra n c e ) d 3 c zn s d 3 a za s, ,

d 3 a za s ; ( a ls o) d 3 c zn t s e t c , .

j d d
’
] d
’
a u n d i c e n i c t e ru s [ a l s o
. s p e l t j a u n d is 3 c zn -
d i s 3 a zn -
i s, ,
’
d 3 a zn -d i s .

j 'a u n d i c e d a d j a ff e c t e d w i t h j a u n d i s [ a l s o s p e lt j a u n d is t ]
d 3 c zn - d i st d 3 e zn - d i s t d 3 a zu d i s t
’ ’
-
.
, ,

j a u n t v ( t a k e a t r ip ; j ou r n e y ) d 3 c zn t d 3 a zn t d 3 a zn t
. , , .

j a u n t n j ou r n e y , t r ip [ a ls o, f or m e rly , s p e l t j a n t ] d 3 e za t
. ,

d 3 e za t , d 3 a zn t .

j a u n t y a d j w e ll -
b re d s p r igh t ly l iv e ly [ a l s o s om e t i m e s ,
. , , ,

s p e l t j a n ty ] d 3 oza -t i , d3 a zn - t i
’
d 3 a zu t i
’ ’
-
.
,

J a v a n e s e a dj ( o f J av ) a d 3 ae v. a
’
n i i z ( ss
a u m pt v y )
i l
’
d 3 ae v a -
n iz ; ,

( s ) 3 d i m d n is
’ ’
a l o a
e v a n i s , ( ass u p t i v l y) 3 ae v a -
.

j a v e l i n n ( sp e a r ) d 3 ae v a l i n , d 3 mv l i n
' ’
-
. .

’
j e a l o u s a dj z e a l ou s ; e n v iou s [ a l s o s p e lt j e l ou s ] d 3 e l as
. .

j e a l o u s y n [ a l s o s p e l t j e l ou sy ] d 3 e l a s r
’
-
. .

j e a n n cl ot h [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e j a n e ] d 3 i in d 3 e e n
. , .

J e h u n ( f a s t d r iv e r ; coa ch m a n ) d 3 i i h cu
’
-
. .

j e j u n e a dj ( sca n ty , m e a ge r b a rr e n ) d 3 i d 3 u u n
’
.
, .

j e j u n u m’ n se con d d iv is ion of t h e s m a ll i n t e s t in [ plu r a l j e j u

.

n a ] d 3 i d 3 uu - n a m .

j e l l i e d a d j ( t u r n d i n t o j e lly ; c on ge a l d ) d 3 e l i d
’
. .

j e l l i f y v con v e r t in t o j e l ly ; t u r n i n t o a j e l ly [ a ls o sp e lt
.

'
j yfy ] 3
e ll d e l i -
fai .

j e l l y n g e’la t in ou s s u b st a n ce [ pl u r a l j e l l ie s ] d3 e l i
'
. .

j o n i t o n j e -n a i
. t s a m e m e a n i ng a s y en it e . .

j e n n e t i n g n ( a pp l e ) d 3 e n i t i n
’
-
. .

j d ( i k z a rd ) d 3 c p az d
’
e o p a r v r s h a .
, .

j d i i k j d [ l l t j e op a r d is e ] d3 e paz
'
e o p a r z e v r s e o p a r . a s o s, p e

dai z .

j b ( d ) 3 d
’
h d
’
e r o a n r o e n .t a z a o o 3 a ze -
bo a -
,
-
.

j e r e m i a d n l a m e n t a t ion [ a l s o s om e t im e s s p e l t j e r e m ia d e ]
.
, ,

d 3 e c i m a i a d , d3 e Z i m e i aed
' ’
- -
.

j e r f a l c o n n s e e gyr a lc on . f .

cz law f u r , m e at , o h ot oi b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow a : a s k a i k i t e ;
, a: , , , ,

l e n g t h m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e c e d i n g s ou n d i s l on g ;
st r e s s -m a rk i n d i ca t e s ch i e f s t r e s s on t h e f ol low m g sy ll ab l e.
296 DI CT I ON ARY O F H ARD WO R DS
j er i d n. j a ve li n [ a ls o s pe lt j err id, j er e e d j err e e d dj ere e d
, , ,

dj err id, dj er id ] d 3 1 z rid

'
.

j e r m n t r a d. i n g
-v e sse l
, etc [ also s pe l t dj erm ] dss w m . .

j q
e r u e v s e a r c h.
( a ve ss e l ) for u n e n t e rd goods [als o spe lt
j ir k ] dsozz k .

d k d
' ’
-k
j e r q u e r n s e a r c h e r . [ a l s o s p e lt j er k e r ] s sz ae , s z
s e ae .

j e r s e y n (w o r s
. t e d ; c l o s e f
- i
t t i n g t u n i c )
’
d 3 m z -z i .

m m d -m i n s am e m e an
j ]
'
j e s s a i n e n [ a l s o s p e l t . e s s a in 3 e sa .

i n g as j as m in e .

J e s u i t n ( m e mb e r of t h e Soc ie ty of J e sus ) dse su i t , dsesj u

’ '
.
-

d 3 e z j u -i t
’
it , .

J os u i t i s m n d3 e 3 u - i -t i z am , d3 e 3 j u -i -t i z am, dse z j u-i -t u am

’ ' ’
. .

j e t sa m n g o o d s .t h r o w n o v e r b o a r d f r om a s h ip in d i st re ss

[ a l s o s p e l t j e t s om, j e t s om e ; sy n on ymou s cognat e j e ts on ]

d 3 e t sa m
’
.

j e t t i s o n n ( a c t i o n o f
. t h r o w i n g g oo d s o v er b o a rd )
'
d s e t i -s a n .

]
’
j e t t o n n c o u n t
. e r [ a l s o s p e l t j e t o n d 3 e t a n .

m
'
j e w e l n ( g e . ) d 3 u u -
a l .

j e w e l v f u r n ish w it h j e w e ls [ p re se n t pa rt i ci pl e j ew e ling, j ew
.

e l l in g ; p a s t p a r t i c i p le an d p r e t e r i t j ew e l ed, j ew e ll ed, j eu i

eld ] d 3 uu - al
'
.

] d l az
'
j e w e l e r n [ a l s o s p . e l t j ew e ll e r 3 u u - a - .

’ '
j e w e l l e r y n [ a l s o s p e l t .
j ew e l r y] d 3 u u -al -z i
, d s u u -a l a—e i .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s j e w e l ry .

j e w e l r y n [ s y n o n y m . o u s c o g n a t e j ew e l l er y]
’
d s u n -al -ei .
m m m d
' '

( s o e t i e s a s s u p t i v ly , ) d 3 u u l —
r i ; ( v u lg ar l y) 3 0 u -l a-e i .

j e w e l y a d j l i k e a j e w . e l [ a l s o s p e l t j ew e lly]
’
d s u u -a-l i .

( m u sica l i n st ru m e n t ; J e w s t ru m p) dsouz
’
j
’
o w
’
s -h arp n .

h a ze p .

j h e e l n p ool [a ls o s p e lt j h il j e il j ee l ] d3 i ii
. . . .

j i b e v ( p u t a b ou t : s a il r ou n d ) d 3 a i b s e e gy be
. . .

j i b e v b e. i n a c c o r d : a g r e e [ a l s o s pe l t g ib e ] d 3 s i b .

m i m b ob con t r apt ion ) d3 i gam a e i i . dy ce

’
j g
i a a r e e n ( t h n g u . ,
'

m a-z i i .

i ll d com
'
j g
i -s a w n ( re c ip r o c. a t n g s a w ; s c r o -
s a w ) 3 g sc:
i - .

p a r e i
g g s aw
-
.

’ ‘
j i ll n d.
3 i l s e e g i ll.
g i l l . .

j i n g o n b l a t.a n t p a t r i o t ; C h a u v in ist [ pl ur al j i ngoe s ] d 3 mga ’

.

j i n n n pl a n or d e r of spir it s [ a l s o u s e d a s a S i n gu l a r , m e an
. .

i n g on e of t h e s p ir it s of t h is or d e r ; S i n gu l a r j in n e e ; f e m i

n i n sy n onym ou s c ogn a t e j in n e ey e h ; a l s o s p e lt g in n , ds ch in
,

dj in j in ] d 3 i n
, .

j i n n e o n s p ir it [ a l so s om e t im e s s pe lt ge n ie : s yn onym ous
.
, .

j ye , c cu r e ; a t he . 9 t hin
3 az u re d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sche w ;
; ,

he n : n Si n g ; f f
.

in w u w h oe v e r , i re act a u l l . on ool , i i t , i i s ee ;
.

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, 8 bed , cc

gat e ;
298 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
j o y n d e l igh t [ pl u r al j oys ] d 3 oi
. .

j o y o u s a dj ( fu l l of j oy ) d3 oi as
'
-
. .

j u b e n ( r ood l oft ) d 3 uu b i d 3 uu b i
’ ’
- - -
.
.
,
’
j u b i l a t e v ( r e j oice e x u lt ) d3 uu b i l e t
. ,
- -
.

-t i
j
'
j m i
’
(p l b l
'
u b i l a t e n s a l d
) 3 u b i e e t i d
.
3 u b i l e e t u i a z -
,
-
, .

j u c k v m a k e a s ou n d r e s e m b l in g t h is w or d a s a pa rt ridge
.
,

[ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e j u k e ] d3 A k .

J u d a i c a dj ( J e w is h ) d 3 o d e o i k
'
-
. .

J u d a i s m n ( J e w ish r e l igi on e t c ) d3 u u d i i z s m dsun d e

’ ’
- .
- -
.
, ,

i z om .

d a i z e v [ a ls o s p e l t J u d a is e ] d 3 u u di oi z d 3 uu —d e-a i z
’
J u .
- -
,
'
.

j u d g m e n t n d e cis i on ; op in ion ; d iscre t i on [ al s o spe lt j u dge

.

m e n t ) d 3 A d 3 m an t
'
.

j [ d
’
u d i c a t i v e a d j j u di c i a l a l s o s .
p e l t j u d i c a t i v ] d 3 u u -
i k a -t i v .

j d i j d d d d k d ’
d k
’
k
’
u c a t o r y a d 3 u u -
i a -
t o z i .
3 u u -
i a t a Z i , 3 u i a t a -e i
,
-
.

d i
’
d d d k
’
d -d i
j S
'
u c a t u r e n 3 uu -
i k a -
t uz
. d 3 u u -
i a -
t c ,
u z su n ,

k c t caz .

j u d i c i a l a dj ( of j u d gm e n t ) d’ 3 u d i Sal
’
. .

S z , d 3 u di S
’
j j (j
'
u d i c i a r y a d u d ic i a l ) 3 d u .d i S i e z i d 3 u d i a - r sr -
, .

j u d i c i o u s a d j ( d is cr e e t ; w is e : p ru d e n t ) d 3 u d i Sas
’
. .

-d
j g i f l m d
'
u e r n ( R o m .a n u n t o a n d e a s u re ) 3 u u 3 az
-
.

j u g g e r n f a lc on of In d ia [ a ls o s p e lt j ugg a r ] d3 A gaz.
'
.

J u g g e r n a u t n ( ob j e c t of w or s hi p ) d 3 A gaz -n czt
’
. .

j g j d gj l az
' '
l a r d 3 gj l d -
u u a n A u -
az
. , 3 .u u u ,
-
.

j j b d3 u b
'
u u e n ( f r u i t ; p
. l a n t ; l o z e n g ) e d 3 u u -
.

j u k e v d 3 u u k s a m e m e a n i n g a s j u ck
. . .

j
’
( i k ) d d l
’
u l e p n d r n
. 3 u u l o p 3 u u ep -
,
-
.

j u n i o r a d j ( y o u n g e r )
.
'
d 3 u u -
n j az .

j u n k e r n ( y o u n g . G e r m a n n o b l e e tc )
'
j unk az , . .

j u n t a n ( d e l ib e r a t iv or a d m in is t ra t iv cou n cil or c omm itt ee ;

.

’
l e g is l a t iv a s s e m b l y ) d 3 A n t a .

j u n t o n ( p r iv a t e cou n c il or a ss e m b ly ; cliq u e ; f act i on ; ca b a l

.

c l u b ; c ot e r i e ; r in g ) d3 A nt o
’
.

j u p o n n ( j a ck e t ; su r coa t ) d 3 ii u p a n d 3 u p e a
’ '
-
. .
,

j ( j i d 3 u : z xskan 8 A l t
'
’
u r i s c o n s u l t n u r s t ) d 3 u z z i s k on SA l t
-
.
- -
, .

j
'
u r o r n (j yu r m. a n ) d 3 u z -
z az
'
.

j u s n ( la w ) d 3 A S
. .

j u s t n c o .m b a t ; k n i g h t ly t il t [ a l s o s p e l t j ou s t ] d 3 A st d 3 uu st . .

j u s t a d v ( e x a c t.l y ; v e r ily ; s im ply ) d 3 A st ; ( s om e t im es, w h en

u n s t r e s t ) d 3 a s t ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) d 3 e s t d3 e s , .

j u s t i c e 11 e q u it y : j u d g e [ a l s o s p e lt j u s t is ] d 3 A st i s
’
. .

j i i b l j ( j j i i i d Si b al
'
u s t c a e a d su b e c t t o u.r s d c t o n ) 3 A s t i -
a -

'
( r a r e ly ) d 3 A s t i Sa b al -
.

j ye , c ou e z ot h e r
O t li i n ; 3 s u re d 3 j oy : Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; . ,

i n w h e n ; i) i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ctS 0 u l l u u ool i it i i se e : , f , f , ,

o p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e :
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 299

j (j u s t i ci a r; j u s t ice
; j u st ice r
d S ez r
i
’
u s t i ci a r y n .
) s a s t I -
.

i l d i b al , ( occ as ion a lly )

’
j u st if iab l e a dj .
( d e f e n s b e ) 3 A s t x-f
a -
a -

d sa s t l f ai -a-b al
’
.

i j [ l f k
’
j '
u s t i f i c a t v e a d a l s o s p e t j u s t i
.
f i c a t i v ] d 3 A s t 1 1 -
e t rv ,

d sa st xf I-k e t xv ; ( a ls o) d sA s t xf rka- t i v , ( as s u mpt iv ly ) d sa s t xf r

’ ’

kot l v .

y a j ( a ls o)
’
t f 1 ka- ae r f k
j u’
’
s t i f i c a t o r d d 3 A s t t , . d 3 A s t r 1 o -
t 9 z x;
f k m d f k e t az 1
’
ds a s t r x-
e t o -
z r, ( a ss u p t i v l y) 3 A s t 1 1 -
.

j u s t i n g n t il t , j u st , t ou r n a m e n t [ a l s o sp e lt j o dsa s t m
’
. u s t in g ] .

J u t s i n i a n i a n d
a j ( of J u s t i n i a n ) 3 d . A s -
t 1 n i
’
e e -
n i -
on .

j u v e n i l e a dj y ou n g , y ou t h fu l ; f or y ou t h [ als o spe l t j u v en il ]
.

dsun I nl , ds n v x
' ' '
-V - u - -
n xl , d s o u -v -n a x
x l .

Ka f i r n. Giaour ; B antu ; n a t iv of Ka f irist a n ; m p l u r a l A f r i ,

ca nm i n in g- st ock [ a l s o sp e lt Kaffi r Kaff e r , f ,

Ka i r e a n d , e x
c pt m t h s e n s of m i n i n g s t o c k C af e r , G affe r, C a r e ; ff
-
e e e ,

m C ff ] k f k f az
’ ’
sy n on y o u s c o g n a t e a r e e ze a z , d z-
.

[ sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e ca n go]
'
k ago n p al an q u in . k oz-g o,
’
keego .

i [ y m k ]
’
k agu nb r d s
. n on y ou s c og n a t e a g on k a z-
gu .

k airin e n c h in ol i n com p ou n d [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , sp e lt kaj r i n ]

.

ka I e m k a I -z a m
’ '
- .
,
’
k a i s e r n ( e m p e r or ) k a r z oz
.
-
.

k a l e n ca b b a g e [ a l s o s p e l t k a il ] k e e l
. .

k a l e e g e n ph e a sa n t [ a l s o s p e lt ka lij ca l idge, kall ege ] ka h id s

’
. ,
,
'
ka z-l l d s .

k a l e i d o s c o p e n ( t u b e con t a in in g f ra gm e n t s of c ol or d gl a s s
.

a n d m i r r or s f or p r od u cin g sy m m e t r ica l f igu re s ) k a l a x-d o

’

s k op .

k l i n ( p r ickly s a l t w or t ; p ot a s h ) k oz l r, kae h
’ ’ ’
ke e h ke e -li
’
a .
-
,
-
, .

Ka l m u c k n m e m b e r of a b ra n ch of t h e M on gol ia n f a m ily
.

of p e op l e s ; l a n gu a g e [ a l s o s p e l t C a l m u c k, C a l m u c ] kae l - m A k
’
.

k a l s om i n e n v kze l sa - m s m , kze l s a- m m sa m e m e a n i n g a s
’ ’
., . .

c a l c i m in e .

k a m a l a n ( d y e s t u ff v e r m i fu g e ) kae m a-l a
’
. .

k a m i l a n [ a l s o s p e l t k a m e l a , k a m e e l a ] ka m I i-l a sa m e m e a n
’
»
. .

i n g a s k a m a la .

K a n a k a n ( Ha w a iia n ) kaen a- ka k a n aek a

’
.
’
, .

k a n g a r o o n ( m a r s u p ia l m a m m a l ) ka nga z uu
’
. .

K a n t i a n a dj ( of t h e G e r m a n p hil os op h e r Im m a n u e l Ka n t )
.

k ae n t i a n
’
-
.

0: l a w ,
fur,
a: e ca t , e
a h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a s k , or k i t e ;
, or
l e n gt h - m a r k I n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g s ou n d I S l on g ;

s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g sy lla b le .
300 D I C TI ONARY O F H A RD WO RD S
k a n t i c o y n A me rin d ia n d a n ce [ also sp e lt can ticoy ] b n t x
'
.

kor .

k a ol i n 11 ( f in e w hi t e clay ) k e e -a-l xn , kc z-a-l m

' ’
. .

k a p e l l m e i s t e r n lea d e r or con d u ct or of a ka p e lle or mu si ca l

.

e st a b l i s h m e n t [ a ls o s p e l t cap e ll me is t er ] kc p e l -m ax-s tae

’
.

k a r o o n b a rre n t ab l e -l a n d [ a ls o sp e lt k arr oo] k a e ou

’
. .

k a r y ok i n e s i s n nuc us m ov e m e n t i n i ndi rect cell -d iv isi on ;

l e -
.

m it osis [ sy n onym ou s cog n a t e caryocin esis ] kz ei-o-k x n xi-s u ,

'

km i-o-k e r n ri-s rs
’
.

k a t y d i d n ( in se ct ) k e e -t r-d rd
’
. .

k a v a s s n con s t ab le ; a rm d s e r v ant or cou rie r [ als o spe lt cc

.

ca w ass, kaw a ss ] ka v a zs
’
v ass , .

k a y a k n can oe [ a ls o sp e lt kaj a c, kayack, caya c a nd, s ome

.

t i m e s , ky ac k ] k a i ak , k ai ze k , k e e -j a k , kz -j e k
’ ’ ' '
- -
.

k a s i n cad i , j u d ge [ a l s o, f or m e rly, spe lt k as i, cos

. cas es ,
k
’
m e e , ca u y ]
'
ca y ; s y n on y
e ous c g o n a t s ca
e u z z k u z-z i ,
-
cz s t .

k e e n a dj ( sh a rp ; cl e a r ; e a ge r) k rin , ( w h en u ns tr es t ) ki n
. .

a j m a rd
’ '
k ee n - e y e d d k xi n a x d ( as
. s u i
pt v y )
l k ri n -
.

k e e p v ( ob s e rv e ; m a in t ai n re t a in ; p re se rv ) k rip , ( w he n a s
.

s t r e s t ) k ip .

k e g n s m a ll cask [ d ia l e ct al sy n ony m ous cogn a t e can] ke g

. .

k e i t l o a n r hin oce ros [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e ke t l oa ] ln it -IO -e .

’
.

'
k e e t -l o-a .

k e k r y p h a l o s n ( h e a d - d r e s s ) k l ks xf a-l os
'
. .

k e l s o n 11 l in e of t im b e r s or comb in a t i on of pl a t e s ov e r t he
.

k e e l of a s h ip [ a ls o s p e l t k e e ls on ] ke l s an
’
.

K e l t n k el t s e e C e l t
. . .

k e n n e l v l ie in a ke n n e l ; pu t i n a k e n n el [ p re s e nt pa r t rcr
.

p l e k e n n e l in g, k e n n e ll in g ; p ast pa r t rc rpl e a n d p r e t er 1t hen

h e l e d, k e n n e ll e d, k e n n e l d ] k e n l , ke n ol
’ '
.

k e p t v ( p asr part rc rp le a n d p r e t e r 1t of ke ep ) k e pt ; ( vu lgar ly )

.

ke p .

k e r b n ke zz b . s e e cu r b . .

k e r ch i e f n ( h e a d d r e ss ; n e cke rchie f ; h a n dke rch ie f ) ke e

'
-
.

tS If .

k e r m e s n ( dye st u ff ) k s zz m iz , ka zz -m rz
’ '
-
. .

k e r m i s n a n n u al f a ir [ a l s o spe l t k e r m es s, k ir m es s ] ks zz
’
.

m rs .

k e r n n f oot-sold ie r [ a l so s p e lt k er n e l ke ze n
. .

k e r n e l n ( se e d ; in n e r b ody of a s e e d ; gr a in , a s of w h eat )
.

' '
k nz n l , ks zz -u l , ks zz -n al
'
.

k e r n e l d a dj h av in g a k e rn e l [ al so spe lt ke r n e ll e d, k er n el d]
z
.

’
k e e ni

j c cu re ; a t he , 9 t h i n ; 3 az ure , d3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Schew ;
ye ,
w w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i re a ct , u f u l , on f001 r i t , xi se e ;
o

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b ed , e e g at e ;
302 D IC T IO NAR Y OF H AR D WORD S

k i n e m a t i c a dj ( of pu r e m ot ion ) k rn r mz t xk, k ar n x mz t l k
' '
-
. .

ki en m a t o g r a p h n m o v i n g p
-
i c t u r e d e v i ce
. [ s y n o n y m o u s co g
n at e c i n e m a t o g ra p h ] k m r
’
m a t a -
g a az i , k a : -n x me t e - z a zi
’
g , k a r

m ge nzi
'
nx i -
at a -
.

k i n e s t h e s i s n t h e m u scu la r s e nse [ a lso spe lt kin es t he sis ]

.

m i
’
k e s O i s s, k O
’
- n - x
r -
r a r e s r s s .

k i n e t i c a dj ( ca u si n g m ot ion ; of m oti on ; du e t o mot i on ) k r

.

’
n e t 1 k , k a r n e t xk
'
.

k
’
k i e t o s co p e
n n m
( o gpc v in - i t u r e .d ev i c ,
e e t c ) r n e t e -sk o
p, .

k a r n I i-t e - s k op
’
.

k i ni k i i c n
n n A m e r in di a n s.m o ki n g - m i x t u r e [ a l s o s p e l t kin

m k in ick ] k rn rk l n xk
’
'

ki on n (c t c
a
. e h u -
l i k e s b st
u a n c e ; gu m k i n o )
’
k ri -n o
.

i k ’
k i -e sk
’
k i osk 1 O p n p
1 e . a v i l i o n [ a l s o s p e l t k i o s q u e ] k o s , r .

i )’ k Sw osaz
’
k i s ch
r w a ss e r n ( w i l d c h e r r y l q u o r
. r z -
.

k i r t l e n ( m a n s t u n ic or c oat ; w om a n s gow n ; ski rt ) ke z t l

’ ’
. .

k i s m e t n d e s t in y , f a t e [ sy n on ym ou s cogn a t e s kis ma t, kis me t ]

.

k xs -m e t
’
.

k i t c h e n n ( cook in g r oom ; c ook ing d e v ic e ; f ood ) k1 t S

-
.
-
'
m .

k l e p t o m a n i a n t h e f t - m a n ia [ a lso spe lt cl ep t oman ia ] k e e p

.

t a m s e - n i- a
’
.

k n a c k n ( t r ick ; d odge ; a rt ) nae k

. .

k n a g g y a d j ( f u l l of k n ot s ; cr os s ) h a gr
’
. .

k n a p s a c k n ( b a g or ca s e w or n b y s oldie rs ) na p-sa k
'
. .

k n a v e n ( r ogu e ; j a ck ) n e e v
. .

k n e a d v ( m ix or w or k u p , a s d ough ; m ol d ) m i d
. .

k n e b e l i t e n ( m in e r a l ) n e b a -l u rt , ( r a r e ly ) k n cha -l a rt
’ '
. .

k n e e -d e e p n n ri d rip ( ass u mpt iv ly ) n I i- d rip

’ '
. .
,

k n e e -h i g h a d j n xi h a x ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) n ri- h a x
’ ’
. .
,

k n e e l n ( f a ll on t h e k n e e s or a k n e e ) m il
. .

k n e l l n ( s ou n d a s of a b e ll ) n e l
.
, .

k n e w v ( p re t e r rt of kn ow ) n j uu ; ( d ia l e cta lly ) n uu
. .

k n i c k e r b o c k e r s n pl ( l oose k n e e - b r e e ch e s ) n rk az -b ok oz z
'
. . .

k n i c k k n a c k n t r in k e t gim c r a ck [ a l s o s pe l t kn ic kn a ck, n ick

. ,

n a c k n icn ac ]
’
,
n rk - n ze k .

k n i f e n cu t t in g - t ool [ pl u ral kn iv e s ] n axf

. .

k n i g h t n ( m a n - a t -a r m s ; w a r rior , e t c ) n e xt
. . .

k n i t v ( t ie k n ot , w e a v e ) n 1 t
. , .

k n o b 11 r ou n d e d p r oj e ct ion ; k n op [ a l s o s p e lt n ob ] n ob
. .

k n o b b e d a d j h a v in g a k n ob [ a l s o s p e l t n a b b e d ] n ob d , n ob xd
’
. .

k n o c k -k n e e d a dj n ok n xid ( a s s m npt iv ly ) n ok-n xid

’ '
. .
,

k n ol l it ( t op of a h ill ; h il l ock m ou n d ) n ool

.
, .

k n o t n ( in t e r t w i n in g a s of a cor d ) n ot
.
, .

i ye c cu r e : b i k e , O t li i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

w w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , u f u l l , ou ool , r i t , n s ee ; f o

0 p oe t ic ; o ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 3 03

k n o u t n , v ( w h ip , scou rge ) n uut , n uu t

. . .

k n ow v ( p e r ce i ve ; r e cog n iz e ) n oo
. .

( fa ct of k n ow in g, et c ) n ol rds ; ( als o, i n
'
k n ow l e d g e n . .

B r i t a in ) n oo-l l d s
'
.

k n u c k l e n ( b on e a t a f in ge r-j oin t ; j oin t ) n a kal

'
. .

k n u r n kn a r , kn ot ; b a l l [ a ls o s p e l t n u r n u r r ] n ozz
. , .

k n u r l n k not , kn ob , b oss , n odu l e [ a l s o s p e l t n u r l ] n ozz l

. .

sa m e m e a n 1 n g as k ool a h
’
k o a l a n k o oz-l a k u u -l a
'
. , . .

k o b ol d n ( spi r it ) koo-b ol d , k oo- b al d

’ ’
. .

k o o d oo n a n t e l op e [ a l s o s p e l t ku d u , c ood oo, kou d ou ] kuu -d u

'
. .

k o o l a h n m a rsu p ia l [ a l s o s p e lt k oola c ool a h , c ool a ; sy n on

.
,

m ]
’
y o u s c og n a t e s k o a l a c oa l a k u u -
la , .

k o p j e n s m a ll h ill [ a l s o s pe l t k opp i e, k opj i e koppj e ] k op r

’
. .
,

K o r a n n s a cre d b ook of t h e M oh a m m e d a n s [ a ls o sp e lt
.

‘ n m
C or a n ; syn o y ous cog t n a e Ka ro ] o z z ,
n k u n
'
k oz z an , k o
-
’

'
ze n.

( d ) k
’
k or a n b n.
u s t a r a z u zn .

K o r a n i c a dj ( of t h e Kora n ) ko z te n xk , ka z a z- n xk
’
.
’
.

K o r e a n a dj of Kor e a [ a l s o s p e lt C or e a n ] ku a xi- an
.
’
.

k o t ow n a t ou ch i n g of t h e f or e h e a d on t h e gr ou n d w h il e
.

p r os t r a t in g on e s se l f i n r e v e re n ce or w or s h ip [ a ls o sp e lt
’

k ow t ow , kot on a n d s om e t im e s k ot oo, k oot oo] k o t u u k o t oo

’ ’
, , , .

k r a a l n A f r ica n v ill a ge [ a l s o s p e l t cra l l a n d , s om e t im e s ,

.

kr a a l kr a w l ] kaa zi ks c zl
, , .

k r a k e n n ( m y t h ic s e a m on s t e r ) ke u z-k a n ks e e - ka n
' '
-
. , .

k r e u t z e r n c oin [ a ls o s p e l t kr eu z e r ] ks oxt s az ; ( l ess p r op

’
-
.

’
e r ly ) ke ou t - saz .

k u m i s s n b e v e r age [ a l s o s p e lt ku m ys s k ou m is s , ku m is , k u
.
,

my s k ou m ys , k ou m is koom iss ] k uu - m rs
’
, , .

k ii m m e l n cor d ial [ a l s o sp e lt k u m m e l ] k rm al k cu m al
’ ’
. .
,

K u r d n in ha b i t a n t of Ku r d is t an [ a l so s p e lt Koor d C u r d ]
.
,

k u zz d .

k y a n g n w il d h or s e of T ib e t [ a l s o s p e lt kia n g] k ese n
. .

k y a n i s e v i m p r e gn at e w i t h c orr os iv s u bl i m at e [ a l s o s p e l t
.

ky a s e ] k i
’
n i u a - -n a rz .

K y r i e n ( t h e pe t it i on Kyrie ele is on , Lord , h a v e me rcy ) k a r

.
‘ ’ ’

k ar-ai-i: kn -ai-e
’ ’
z x, .

camp l [ also sp el t
’
la a g er n , v l g ] u z gaz
-
. . a e r .

la b e l n ( b a n d ,
. st ri p, m a r k i n g -
sl i p)
’
l e e -
b al .

l a b e l v [ al s o ra r e l y , s p e lt l a b l e ; p r e s e n t pa rt rc rpl e la b e ling,
. ,

c: l aw , fa ra: , in ca t , 0 h ot , o r b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u : a sk , 8 ! ki t e ;
l e n gt h m a rk
-
I n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d 1 n g sou n d 18 l on g ;
s t r e s s m u rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
st r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l lab l e .
30 4 DIC TIO NARY O F H ARD WO RDS
.

labe lling ; past pa rt rcrple an d pre t er1t lab eled, lab elle d, lo
b e ld ] le e-bol
'
.

l a b e l e r n on e w h o l ab el s [ als o sp elt lab elled le e-ho-lae

.
’
.

l a b i a l a dj ( of th e lips ) l e e -b i-ol’
. .

l a b i a l i s e 0 [ a ls o spe lt lab ialis e] l e e-bi -e -l s u

'
. .

l a b i l e adj u n st ab l e [ al so spe lt l abil ] l e e h t l , h h rl

.
’ - '
.

l a i o d e n t a l adj ( f orm d w i th t he l ips and t eet h ) lee-b i-o

b
.

ie n t i .

l a b o r n , v w ork [ al s o sp e lt la b ou r ] l e e-b ee
. .
’
.

l a b r s g e n paym e n t f or la b or [al so spe lt lab os roac] l ee -b o '

o
.

e xl3 .

l a b or a t or y n ( r oom or b ui l ding f or che mical , phy sical or

.

laeb az a-toz r, l a bor s -t en ; (rapid ly ) Ta ber -t an ,

’
ot h e r w ork )
lae b z a t az x, la bz a-txr
' ’
- .

l a b o r e d a dj [ al s o sp e l t la b our e d, lab ord] l e e-b aed

.
'
.

l a b or e r n on e w h o l ab or s ; w orkman [also sp e lt lab ourer]

.

l e e b s -z az , ( r ap i d ly ) l e e -b z az
' '
-
.

l a b o r s o m e n lab or i ou s [ al s o sp e lt lab oursome ] l e e-bee-sam

'
. .

l a b r u m n lip [ pl u r a l l a b ra ] l e e -beam ’
. .

'
l a b y r i n t h n ( m a z e ) lze b r-z rn O
. .

l a b y r i n t h i n e a dj m a z e -lik e in t ricat e [also, s om e ti m e s, sp e lt

.
,

l a byr in t h in ] l ae b xz xn ern lae b r z rn -O a m

’ '
.
,

l a c n gu m- lac [ a ls o f or m e rly sp e lt locq ue, la q s e ] la k

.
, , .

l a c n on e h u n d r e d t h ou sa n d [ a ls o spe l t l akh, l ack a n d , f or

.

m e r ly , la k ] la k .

l a c e r t i a n a dj ( liz a rd l ike sa u ri a n ) l a ss s n , la ss ze -S
’ ’
.
-
on , .

l a c e r t i n e a d j l ace rt ia n ; con s is t in g of l iz ard-l ik e figu re s [ al

.

s o s om e t i m e s s p e lt Ia c er t in ] l s s s z t xn , l a scz -t a m
' ’
, .
,

l a c i n i a t e a dj ( j ag ge d s l as h t ) l o s rn i-at
’
. , .

‘
l a c k a d a i s i c a l a dj ( lik e on e cry ing l ackaday l l a nguishius )
'
’
.

’
Ize k a d e e z r-k al
-
.

l a c k a d a y in t erj ( al a ck a d ay ! ) l ack a d e e , l z ka -d e e
' '
. .

l a c k a g e n sh ort a ge [ a l s o s p e l t l a cca ge ] l aek rds

.
'
.

l a c k e y n f oot m a n ; v al e t ; h an ge r- on [ al so sp e lt lacqu ey
.

pl u r al la c keys ] l aek r
'
.

l a c on i ci s m n i i i m ) l a ks a r
'
( l a c o n c e x p r.e s s on ; a l a co n s

s xz a m .

l a c o n i s m n ( b rev ity of spe e ch ; a l acon ic se n t e n ce ) lz ka

’
.

n rz a m .

l a c o n i s e v f av or or i mit at e t h e L a ce d a e m on ia n s [ al so spe lt
.

loc on ise ] l a k a-n a rz

’
.

l a c q u e r n v arn ish p olish [ al s o spe l t l ocke r ] la kaz

. ,
'
.

l a c r o s s e n ( gam e ) l a ks ozs
.
’
.

j ye ,c cu e ; b t h e 0t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t S h e w :
r . c
w w h e n ; 1) S i ng ; u w h oe v e r , i re a ct , o f u ll , on f 001, r i t , 1 1 se c :
.

o p oe t 1c ; a ov er, e a e ri al , A b u t , a : door, s o n o, e b ed , e e gat e ;

306 DI C T ION ARY O F H ARD W ORD S

l a n d g r a v i a t e n ( off ice or p r ov in ce of a l a n dgr av e ) l e n d

.

-v i -at
’
i l d
’
g a c e v -
e t ,
-
a n ge e e .

l a n d l o r d n ( l ord or ow n e r of l a nd , e t c ; i n nke e pe r ) l ze n d
’
. .

’
l ozz d ; ( v u lgarly) lz n -l ozz d .

l a n d w e h r n ( re se rvs, m ilit ia ) l u nd v e ze , l u n t v e zz , l ze n t
' ' ’
— -
.

v e zz .

l a n e n ( p a t h ; by w ay ) l e e n
. .

l a n g s y n e a dv ( l on g a go) lae n sa rn ; ( less p r op er ly ) l ie n z a m

' ’
. .

l a n g u a g e n ( t on gu e ; m od e of e xp r e ssion ) l ae ggw rd s
'
. .

l a n g u e t n t on gu e -sh ap e d p art [ syn on ym ous c ogn a t e l a n

.

lmng rt
'
gu e t t e ] l aengt
’
.
,

sa m e m e a n 1 n g as l an gu e t
’
l a n g u e t t e n le ng e t . . .

l a n g u i d a d j ( fain t ; w e a k ; s pi rit l e ss ; d u ll ) la ngw rd

'
. .

l a n g u i s h v gr ow w e ak ; p i n e [p ast purt xcxpl e a n d p re t e r rt

.

l an g ui s h e d , la ngu is h t ] l aeng w rS
'
.

l a n g u or n ( f a in t n e ss ; la s s it u d e ) l azngaz , l z ngw e z
’ ’
. .

l a n g u or o u s a dj ( fu ll of la n gu or ) laenga z as , lz g g w a-z as
’ '
-
. .

l a n i a r y a dj ( of t e e t h ) ize n i- e z r l e e -u i- ez x
’ '
. .
,

l a n s q u e n e t n ( on e of a cl a s s of m e rce n a ry soldie r s ; ca rd
.

’
l
’
g a m e ) aen s k a-
n a t , l a zn -s k a - n e t .

l a n t e r n n ( l a m p w it h a p r ot e ct i v case ) lz n t az n
’
. .

l a n u g i n ou s a dj ( d ow ny ) l s n j uu -d sr-n as
'
. .

l a n y a r d n s h ort r ope [ al s o s p e lt l a n ia r d ] la n j s z d
'
. .

L a o d i c e a n a dj ( of L a od ice a ; l u k e w a r m ) l e e -ad x s ri- e u , l o

.
'

’
od s r ri -
sn .

l a p e l n t h a t p a rt of t he f r on t of a coat w hich is f old e d ov e r

.

t ow a rd e it h e r sh oul d e r [ a l s o s p e l t l app e l, l ape l l e ] l ae p e l , l a

’

'
pel .

l a p e ll e d a dj havi n g a la p e l [ al s o spe l t l ape l d ] la p e l d

’
. .

l a p i d a r y n ( ge m cu tt e r ) l oep x d e e r, l ae p r-daz r
' '
- -
. .

l a p i d e s n ( pl u ral of la p is ) l aep r d iz , l e e -p r-d iz

' '
-
. .

l a p i s n s t on e [ pl u ral la p i d es ] l e e p rs l a p t s
’ ’
-
. .
,

l a p i s -l a z u l i n ’
( b l ) s ’
l l j l
'
u e s t on e . s a
e z u -
a r, l a p r s l a
e s l r,
a -

l e p xs lze z j u -l a x; ( im p r op e r ly ) l a p i s-l a z uu -l r
’
.

l a r b o a r d n ( le f t ) l u zz b ozz d , l u zz b s z d ; ( dia l e c t a lly ) l ae

' ' '
- -
.

b ee d .

l a r g e s s n l ib e ral it y , gi ft [ al s o sp e l t l arge ss e ] l u zz -d srs l u zz

' ’
. ,

d3 e s .

l a r i a t n p icke t ing-r ope ; l a s s o [ als o spe lt l a rr i e t l a r ie t t e ]

.
,

l w e i - at
'
.

l a r i n n ( Pe rs ia n md A ra b ic m on ey ) laez m
.
'
.

l a r i n e a d j of t h e la rin a or gu ll s [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p el t l a r in ]
.

'
l aez rn l ae -z e xn
’
.
,

j ye , c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
11) w h e n ; n s 1n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re act , 0 u l l , u u ool , I i t , ri s e e ;
.

f f
u p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a er1 al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 307

m -z am
l a ru m
’
- am l
’
m
'
n ( t o
. a r s ; uca ll
p r oa r ) l e z z , lae z a , u z .

]
’
l arv a n g h os
. t ; in s e ct i n t h e g r u b s t a t e [ p l u ra l l a rv a e l uzz

vs .

m d m d i l
’
a dj ( l
’
l a r yn g e a l . of t h e l a ry n x ) l o z si - l
a ,
a z s x -
a .

i n fl a mm a t ion o f t h e l a ry n x ) lae z rn d sa t xs ,
’
l ar yn gi t i s n . x-

l aez xn d sxi-t l s
’
.

l a r y n g o s c o p e n ( d e v ice f or i n s p e ct in g t h e la r yn x ) l a z mga
’
.

s k op .

l a r y n g o t o m y n ( a cu t t i g mg mx
'
n i n to t . h e l a y r n x ) l ae z o t s -
.

l a r y n x n orga n of f on a t i on [ p l u r a l l a ry n g e s , r a r e ly l a ry n x
.

l ae z m s ; ( ra r e y )
k l e z mk s
’
es]
’
l z -
.

t p it ch e r ; a r t ill e ry m a n ) l ae sku zz , la sks z

’ '
l s c a r n ( sa or ; t
a il . e n - .

l a s c i i o u s a dj ( w d , w i
’
v l e a n t o n.) l a s r v -
as .

l a s s n ( g ir l ) l a zs , l u zs , l ze zs
. .

l a s s o n r op e w it h a n oose [ pl ur a l l a s s os , l a ss oe s ] lee s o ; ( i m
’
.

p r op e r ly ) lae sao ’
.

l a s t n a dj a d v , v l a zst l u zst , l ae zst

., .
, . .
, .

l a t e e n n s a il [ a l s o sp e lt l a t in e l a t t in e , l a t te e n ] l a t rin
’
. .
,

l a t e n t a dj ( h id d e n ) l e e t n t , l e e t a n t ; ( im p r op e r ly ) l e e t - n t ,
’ ’ '
- -
.

’
l ae t - n t .

l t e r a d v ( a ft w a d ; h ft ; s u s q u t y ) '
a e r . r e r e a e r b e e n l l e e -
ts z .

l a t e r a d a dj ( t ow a r d t h e s i d e ) lae t a z ae d
’
-
. .

l a t e r a l a dj l aet a z s l , ( a n t e r ior ly ) lae t az s l ; ( r a p i d ly ) lae tx

' '
ol
’
-
. .

l a t h n s t r ip of w ood [ p l u ra l l a t h s ] w e,
. l ae ze .

l a t h v ( cov e r w it h l a t h s ) l a ze, l a zo
. .

l a t h e n ( t u r n i n g - m a ch in e ) l e e b
. .

l a t h s n ( plu r a l of l a t h ) l a zb z , l a zes
. .

L a t i n a dj ( of L a t iu m ) l ze t xn ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) lee t h
’ '
. .
,

L a t i n n ( l a n gu ag e ) l w t rn lae t n ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) l ae t - n
’ ’ ’
.
.
,

L a t i n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t L a t in is e ] lae t n s xz l a t r n a rz
' ’
- -
.
, .

l a t r i a n ( t h e su p r e m e w or s hip d u e t o G od a lon e : d l St I n
.

g u i s h t f r o m d u l i a l zy pe r u a )d l i l a
’
tg,
a i -
a,
’
l e e -
tg ai -
.

l a t r i n e n ( p r ivy ) l a t gxi n
’
. .

'
l a t t e n n ( m e t a l ) l ae t n Iaet s n
’
. .
,

l a t t e r a d j ( l a t e r ; m or e r e ce n t ; b e in g t h e s e con d of t w o
.

oppos e d t o or m e r )
’
lae t az f .

l a t t i c e n ope n w ork m a d e of l a t hs , e t c [ a ls o s p e lt l a t t is ]
. .

’
lact xs .

l a t u s n sid e [ pl ur al l a t e r a ] l e e t a s
’
-
. .

l a u d a b l e a dj ( p ra is e w or t h y ) l e z- d a b al
’
-
. .

lau danu m n ( i d m -d a - n
am
'
f i m ) l
’
t n c t u r e o . op u l c z n -
a , c z -

( r a p i d l y)
'
l c zd -
n a m ; ( l e s s p r o p e r l y)
’
l od a n a m , l c
'
d e e -
nsm -
.

l a u g h v ( e x p r e s s m ir t h j oy e t c ) l a zf l u zf l ae zf
.
, , .
, , .

c: l aw ,fur a: , ae ca t , o h ot
b oy ; a : f or , s o n ow , u : a sk , or kit e ;
, or
l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d I S l on g ;
st r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 c a t e s ch 1e f
st r e s s on t h e f e llow m g sy lla b l e.
308 DI C TION ARY O F HAR D W O RD S
h m l h d l -fa-b l '
l au g h a b l e a d j ( t a t a y b e a u g e . a t ) az a .

l a u n ch v h u rl ; s e n d of f . s e t a f l oat [ f orme r sy n ony m ous

cog n a t e la n c h ; p a st pa rt rc rp le an d p re t e r 1 t l a u n ch e d,
l a u n ch t ] lcznt S , l azn t S , l u zn t S ; ( a ls o, an d in B ri t ain nor mal ly )
lc a , l a m S l u a , .

l a u n d e r v w a s h ; d o u p [ f orme r sy nony mous cog n at e l and er ;

.

d d d d d ]
’
p a s t p a r t i c i p l e an p r e t e r 1 t l a u n er e , l a u n er l c z n -
d ae ,
’
l a zn d az , l u d az
'
-
- zn .

l a u n d r e s s n [ f or m e r syn on y m ou s cognat e la n dr ess ] l c: n

'
.

d u s l a zn -d rt s , lu zn d r xs
’ ’
-
.
,

l a u n d r y n [ f orm e r s y n on ym ou s cognat e l an dry ] lc zn -d rr,

'
.

l a zn -d rx, l u zn- d rx
’ ’
.

l a u r e a t e a dj ( cr ow n d w it h l au re l ) l c:-ci -at
'
. .

w r e a t h or crow n of gl ory) l cz-e al ,

'
l a u r e l n ( b ay t r e e , e t c
-
. .

’ '
l oz-z ol , l oz s l .

l a u r e l e d a dj cr ow n d w it h laur el [ a lso sp e lt la ur e ll e d, l au
.

r e l d ] l c z-z al d
’
.

l a v a n ( v ol ca n ic r ock ) l s z v s , l o: v a
.
'
-
’
-
( p
i m r op er ly)
'
l e e -v e
,
’
latv a .

l a v e r n ( b a sin , b ow l ) l e e -v az
'
. .

-
.
'
l a v i c a dj ( of l av a ) l u z v rk ; ( i m r o erly) l e e v rk, lz v rk
’
- '
p p .

’
l a w l e s s n e s s n l c z-las- n rs . .

l a w y e r n ( on e v e rs t i n l a w ; a tt orn ey ) l c z-j az
'
. .

l a y v ( ca u se t o l ie ) l e e , ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) l e
. .

l a y e t t e n ( ou t it f or n e w b orn ch il d ) le j et
.
-
’
f .

’
l a z a r n ( le pe r ) l e e - z s z
. .

l a z i n e s s n ( sl ot h u l n e s s ) l e e -z r-m a
’
. f .

l a z z a r o n e n N e a p ol it a n l ou n g e r [ al so spe lt las ar on e ; p l ural

.

'
Ia ez a r on i ] lae z s z oo- n x, l ze t sa z oo-n x
'
.

lea n . f
ie l d , m e a d ow [ a l s o , or m e rly , sp e lt l e e , l ey ] l xi f .

l e a c h n cau s e t o p e r col a t e ; l ixiv ia t e ; w ash ou t b y pe rcola

.

t ion [ al s o s p e lt l e ech ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s le t c h , l a t ch ;

p a s t pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t l e a c h e d, l e ach t ] l xit S .

l e a d v con d u ct [ p a st p a rt rc rpl e a n d p r et e r 1 t l e d ] h id , ( w h en
.

u n s t r es t ) l id .

l e a d n m e t a l [ al s o sp e lt l e d ] l e d
. .

l e a d e n a dj m a d e of l e d ; h e a v , d u ll [ a lso spe l t l e d e n ] l e dn
.
’
y .

l e a f n pl a n t - or ga n [ pl u r a l le a v e s ] l rif
. .

l e a f e d a dj h a v in g a l e a or l e a ve s [ a l s o spe lt l e af t ] l rif t
. f .

l e a gu e v . f
or m i n t o a l e a gu e or a l l ia n ce ; j oin a l ea gu e [ a ls o
s p e l t l eag ; p ast p ur t 1 c1 p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t l e agu e d, l eag d ] i rig .

l e a g u e r n ca m p ; b e s ie g in g orce [ a ls o sp e l t l e ag er , l ep er ]
. f
'
l Ii- gaz .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t lzi n ; 3 a z u re , d z, j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ;
.

10 w h e n ; r) s 1 n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l, uu ool , 1 i t , ri s e e ;
.

f f
0 poe t 1c ; a ov e r, e a e r1 al , A b u t , a: door, s o n o, 8 b e d , s e ga t e ;
3 10 DICTION ARY O F H ARD W O RD S

l ee n .
p r ot e ct ion , s he l t e r [ a lso ,
rar e ly , s pe lt le a ; d ial e ct al syn
on y m ou s c ogn a t e l ew ] l 1 i .

l e e n ( s e d i m e n t of w i n e , e t c ) l xi
. . .

l e e c h n ( aq u a t ic w or m ) h it s
. .

l e e c h n s l opi n g s id e of a sa il [ a lso spe lt l e ac h ] h i t

. s .

l e e c h n ph y s icia n [ a ls o s p e l t l e ac h ] l xit S
. .

l e e k n ( p l a n t ) l 1 ik
. .

l e e w a r d a dj a d v ( a w ay f r om t h e w i n d ) l ri -w az d , l iuu -ae d
' '
.
, . .

l e e w a y n ( d if t t o l e e w a rd ; r e t rog r e ss ion ) l xi-w e e

r
'
. .
o

l e f t h a n d e d a dj l e f t h aen d rd , ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) l e ft -hz u d rd
’ ’
- . .

l e g n ( l im b ; z u pp or t ) l e g ; ( di a l e c t a l ly ) l e eg
. .

l e g a c y n ( b e q u e s t ) l e g a- s r
'
. .

l e g a l i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e l t l ega lis a t i on ] l igal r ze e-S

’
. a n , li ga
la r z ec S
’
an -
.

l e g a l i z e v m a k e l e ga l [ a l s o s p e lt l ega l is e ] l xi-ga—l a l n
'
.

l e g a t o n ( d e pu t y e t c ) l e g xt l e got ; ( i m p r op er ly ) l xi-g e t
’ ’ '
.
,
.
, .

l e g a t i n e a dj of a l e ga t e [ a l s o s p e lt l ega t in ] l e go-t m
'
. .

l e g a t o a dj ( con n e ct e d s m oot h : opp ose d t o s tacca to) l e gaz

.
,
'

t o ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) l x g e c t o
’
-
.

'
l e g a t o r n ( t e s t a t or ) l e ga t ozz l x g e e - t az
’
. .
,

l e g e n d n ( s t ory of a sa in t s l i f e ; l e ss on -b ook ; st ory ; inscrip

’
.

t i on ) l e d 3 a n d l 1 i d3 a n d
’ ’
-
.
,

l e g e n d a r y a dj l e d 3 a n d e e r l e d3 an daz r ; l xi-d 3 an -d ez x
’ ’ ’
- -
.
, .

l e g e r d e m a i n n ( s l e ight of h a n d ) l e d3 az - d 1 m e e n
'
. .

l e g g e d a dj [ a l s o s om e t im e s s p e l t l e g d ] l e g rd , l e gd
.
’
, , .

l e g g i n g n l e g c ov e r in g [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e l eggin ] l e gm
.
-
'
.

l e g i b l e a dj ( r e a d a b l e ) l e d 3 s - b ol
’
. .

l e g i s l a t i v e a dj n [ a l s o s p e l t l eg is la t iv ] l e d3 rs l e t 1v , l e dsr
’
., .
- '

l e d 3 rs e s t 1v ( a s s u mpt iv ly ) l e dsxs -l ot xv
'
s e e t rv ; ( a ls o )
’
-
.
,
'
l e g i s l a t o r n ( la w m a k e r , l a w gi v e r ) l e d 3 1 s -l e t az , l e d 3 r-sa et ee
’
. .

le dsrs-l et qae ,
'
le d3 1 sa e t S
’
l e g i sl a t u r e n l e d3 1 s l e t S
’
-
sz , -
. az ;

l e d 3 1 s u t caz ; ( v u lg a r ly ) l e d 3 1 s l e e - t S
' - '
-
az .

l e g i t i m a t i z e v re n d e r l e git im a t e [ a l s o s pe lt l eg itima t ise ] l t

.

'
d 3 1 t 1 m o t t uz -
.

l e g i t i m i z e v l e g it i m at iz e [ a l s o sp e l t l egi t i m is e ] l r d 3 rt r-m axz

'
. .

l e g u m e n ( pu ls e ; e d ib l e v e ge t ab l e ) i s giu m l x gj uu m
' '
-
. , .

l e g u m i n ou s a dj ( of pu l s e ) l r gj u u -m r n s s
’
-
. .

l e i s u r a b l e a dj ( l e is u r e l y ) l ri 3 az o b s l , l e 3 az e -b s l
’ '
- -
. .

l e i s u r e n ( s p a r e t im e ) l ri 3 s e , l e 3 az
' '
-
. .

l e m a n n ( s w e e t h e a rt l ov e r ; m i st r e s s ) l e m s n , l xi-m an
’ '
.
, .

l em m a n p r op os it i on ; t h e m e
. [ pl u r a l l e mm as, l e m ma ta]
'
lema .

l e m m a n h u sk : ou t e r l a y e r [ pl u r al l e mm a t a ] l e m a
.
’
.

j ye c cu r e : a t h e
, 0t hin 3 az u re d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sche w ; . .

10 w h e n : 1] s 1 n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act 0 ul l , ou ool , I it , xi se e ; . f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 3 : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c g at e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 3”

l e m o n n ( f r u i t ) l e m an
'
. .

l e m u r n i n pl u r a l , s pirit s of t h e d e pa rt e d ; m S i n gu la r, m on
.

ke y-l ik e a n i m a l [ pl u ral le m u r s , l e mu r es ] l 1 i- m az
’
.

l e m u r e s n ( plu r a l of l e m u r ) l e m j u -z i z
'
. .

l e n d v gra n t t e mp ora rily ; gi v e , b e st ow [ p as t pa rt rcrple a n d

.

p re t e r i t l e n t ] l e n d .

l e n g t h a dj ( q u a li ty of b e in g l on g, e t c ) l e ne ; ( d ia l ec ta lly )
. .

l e e ge .

l e n i e n c y n ( q u al it y of b e in g l e n ie n t ) l xi-u i- an - s r, l 1 i- n j au
' '
.

s r ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) l e n i - a n - s r l e n j a n -s r
’ ’
.
,

l e n i e n t a dj ( s o f t e n i n g; . mi l d )
'
l r i - n i-
a n t ,
’
l xi -
n ian t ; ( l ess
p r op e rly ) l e ni an t , l e nie n t
’ '
-
.

l e n i t i v e a d j of m e d icin s ; s oot h in g, e t c [ al s o s p e l t l e n it iv]

. .

'
l e n x-t ry .

l e n t e n a dj of L e n t [ al s o s p e lt L e n t e n ] l e n t u l e n t an
’ '
.
, .

l e on i n e a dj ( l ion l k e ; of a l ion ) l 1i a n a 1 n , l 1 i-a-n 1 n

’
- i
’
- -
. .

l e op a r d n ( p a n t h e r , p a rd ) l e p az d
’
. .

l e p e r n ( le p r ou s pe rson ) l e pa z
'
. .

l e p i d ol i t e n ( m ica ) l e p r— d a- l a rt l l p l d a-l a rt
’ '
. .
,
'
l e p or i n e a dj ( of a h are ; l a g om or p h ic ) l e pa z a rn , l e pa-z rn
'
-
. .

l e p r e c h a u n n p igm y s pr it e [ al s o s p e lt l e p r ec h a w n , l e p r e
.

ca w n ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s l e pr e h a u n , l e p r e ch a w n, l ep r a

c h aw n , l u pr a c h a u n ] l e ps r- k c zn
’
.

’
l e p r o s y n ( d is e a s e ) l e ps a - s r
. .

l e p r ou s a dj ( a ff lict e d w it h le p r osy ) l e ps as
’
. .

’
L e s b i a n a dj ( of L e sb os ) l e z h i - a n l e sb i -an
’
. .
,

l os e -m a j e s t y n ( t r e a s on ) l xiz m ae d 3 1 - st r
’
. .

l e s i on n d a m a ge , hu rt [ a l s o r a r e ly , sp e lt l a es ion ] l xi-3 s n
’
. , .

l e s s e n v b e c om e l e ss ; m ak e l e ss [ p ast p u rt xc xpl c a nd pre t

.

e r 1 t l e ss e n e d l e s s e n d ] l e s an , l e s n
’ ’
.
,

l e s s e n i n g n ( d im in u t ion ) l e sa u m, l es n n) , l e s n m
’ ’ ’
- -
. .

l e s s e r a dj ( l e ss ; s m a ll ; m in or ) l e s s e
'
. .

l e s s o n n ( r e a d in g ; t as k ; re p r oof ) l e s an , l e s n
’ ’
. .

l e s s or n ( on e w h o gr an t s a l e as e ) l e s ozz , l e s s e
' ’
. .

l e t h a l a dj ( c au s in g d e a t h ; d e a d ly ; m ort al ) l xi- O s l
’
. .

i O d3 rk ; ( less
'
l e t h a r g i c a dj ( d u ll , s l e e py , s u gg
. l s h ) l x u zz -

p r op erly ) l e 93 z - d3 1k
'
.

h [ s s p e lt l e h a g s e ] e O s -d s rz
’
l e t a r g i s e v a l o t. r i l z 3 .

l e t h a r g y n ( m orb id d row sin e s s ; t or por ) l e O az -d sr

'
. .

L e t h e a n a dj ( of t h e riv e r L e t h e ) l r O ri-ou
’
. .

l e t t u c e n pl a n t [ a l s o sp e lt l e t t is ] l e t xs
'
. .

l e u c i n n a pos e pid in [ a l s o sp e l t l e u ci n e ] l iun-s rn

'
. .

l e u c or r h e a n w h it e s [ a l s o sp e l t l eu corr h oe a ] l iu ka z ri-o
’
. .

c: l aw , fur
a: ,
to c a t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f or , ou n ow , a : a s k, a : k i t e ;
l e n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d m s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e s m a rk
s -
1 n d 1ca t e s ch t e f st r e s s on t he ol low rn g syllab le.
 3 12 DICTI ON A R Y O F H A R D W O RD S

( t he Eas t ; A sia M in or e t c ) l 1 v1e n t

’
L evan t n. , . .

'
l eva n t n ( l e a t h e r ) l x va n t
. .

‘
a dj ( m l aw m l eva n t a n d coucha n t ) l e vs nt ; ( l ess
'
l evan t .
,

p r op er ly ) l xi vant ’
-
.

l e v a n t n ( b et m a d e w it h t h e in t e nti on of a bsconding i f it is
.

’
l ost ) l 1 vz n t .

l e v a n t v ( s t e a l a w ay ; b olt ; a b scon d ) l r va n t
'
. .

l e v a n t i n e ad j of t he L e v a n t ; e ast e rn [ a l so spe lt l eva nt in ]

.

t a rn , l e v an -t a xn
’
l x vaen t m , l e v an t xn , i r va
’ ’ ’
-
n- .

l e v a t o r n ( m u sc l e ) l r v e c-t az
'
. .

l e v e e n e m b a n k m e n t [ al s o, s om et i mes , spe lt l evy] l e v xi.

.
'

l x v xi , l e - v i
’ '
.

l e v e e n r e ce p t ion [ syn ony m ous cogn at e l ev ee ] le v ri, l xvri .

.
’ '

le -v i
'
.

l e v e l n ( in st ru m e n t ; posit i on , e t c ) l e v al
.
'
. .

l e v e l v [ p r e s e n t pa r t rc rpl e l ev e l ing, l ev e l ling ; past part rcr

.

ple a n d p r e t e r 1 t l ev e l e d, l ev e ll e d, l ev e l d ] l e v al
'
.

l e v e l e r n on e w h o or t ha t w h ich l e ve ls [ a ls o sp e lt l ev ell er]

.

l e va ls z
’
-
.

l e v e r n ( p r iz in g b a r ; cr ow b a r, e t c ) l xi v az , l evae
’ '
- -
. . .

l e v e r a g e n ( act i on of a l e v e r , e t c ) l xi y s erdzs, l e va-e rds

' '
- -
. . .

l e v o g y r a t e a d j cau si n g t o t u r n t ow a rd t h e lef t al so s pe lt.

l a ev ogy r a t e ] l 1 i- v o d 3 a I z s t
'
-
.

l e v y v ( ra ise ; im p os e ) l e v r
’
. .

l e w d a dj ( l a sci v iou s ; u n ch a s t e ) l iuu d ; ( d ial ecta lly) l oud

. .

l e w i s n con t r iv a n ce f or ra isin g b l ock s of st r ne [ als o spe lt

.

l ew is s , l ou is ] l iuu xs ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) l uu - rs
’ '
-
.

L e y d e n a dj ( o f L e y d e n , H o .l l a n d )
’
l s x-
d a ,
'
l ar-d on
; ( l ess
p pr o er ly )
’
l e e -dn .

l i a i s on n ( t hick e n in g f or s a u ce s ; illicit in ti ma cy ; li nking)

.

’
l i- e z on, l i e e - z on
’
.

l i a n a n pla n t [ sy n ony m ou s cogn at e lian e ] l i e e-ns , li oz-no,

' ’
.

l i aen s
’
.

l i a r n ( on e w h o l ie s or u t t e rs a l s e h ood ) l a i-s e
.
'
f .

l i a s n b lu e li m e s t on e , e t c [ als o s p e lt L ia s ] l ai-as
'
. . .

l i a s s i c a dj of t h e l ia s [ a l s o s p e lt l ias ic ] l a i a s rk
'
. .

l i b e l n ( w r it in g ; d e a m a t ory s t a t e m e n t ) l a r-b al
.
’
f .

l i b e l v [ p r e s e n t pa r t rcrpl e l ib e l in g, l ib ell in g ; p ast port rcx

.

i -b l
] s
’
p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t l i b e l e d , l b e l l e d ,
l i b e l d l r a .

l i b e l a n t n on e w h o in st it u t e s a su i t in an e ccl esia stical or

.

a d m ir a l ty cou rt ; al so, l ib e l e r [ a l s o sp e lt li b e ll a n t ] l s r-b o

'

le nt .

l i b e l e r n on e w h o l ib e l s [ al so s pe lt lib e l l er ] l a r-b a-l az

.
’
.

j y e , c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t sch e w ;
to w h e n : 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , i re act , 0 u ll , u u f fool , 1
o

i t , 1 1 s ee ;
0 p oe t 1 c ; a ov e r , e a e r1 a l , A but , a: d oor , s o n o, e b ed , s o gat e ;
31 4 DICTI ON ARY O F H A R D WO R D S

l i g h t e n i n g n t he s he dd in g of l ight ; e n light e n me nt [als o,

.

l a t m, l
'
s om e t i m e s , s pe l t l igh t n i ng ]
'
x - n - a xt -n
u) .

i s, f ) m
'
l i g h t e n i n g a dj ( t h at l gh t s , s h
i n e l
. a s h e s l a x - t u - .

l i g h t n i n g n ( fl as h of light d ue t o a t m osf e ric e lect ricity )

.

'
l a rt - n uj .

-w ood l l
l i gn a l e s n t e b tt
o h i e r d ru g
. a l o e s ; a l o e s ; a o e [ a so
’
s pe lt l ign -a l oe s ] l a rn a l oz , l rg na l oz
'
.

l i g n i n n x y loge n [ als o spe l t l ign in e ] l rgn rn

'
.
.

l i g n u m -v i t a e n ( t re e ; w oo d ; r e s i n .; g u a i a cu m ) lrgn s m
'
v a x- t i .

l i k a b l e a dj t h a t can he like d ; plea sing [ als o spe lt likeab l e ]

.

l a x-ka - b s l
'
.

l i k e a dj ( s im ila r t o) l urk , ( o t e n , a n t er i or ly, w h en un s tr est )

. f
lsk .

l i l a c n s h ru b ; col or [ d ia l e ct al syn on ym ous cognate s lay

.

l oc k, la y l oc l a l oc k ] l a I -l s k
'
.
,

L i l l i p u t i a n n in h a b it a n t of L illiput [ a ls o s pe lt Lil ipu tia n ]

.

l xl xp cuu S
’
sn -
.

l i l y n p l a n t ; fl ow e r [ pl u r a l l ili es ] l xi x
’
. .

L i m a a d j ( m L i ma b e a n e t c ) l a r m a l ri-m a
*
.
'
- ’
,
.
, .

l i m a i l n m e t al f ilin gs [ a l s o s p elt l e m e l ] l xi-m al . l r me el

' '
. .

l i m b n b od ily orga n , m e m b e r ; a r m , w in g, l e g ; b ran ch [ also

.

s p e lt l i m ] l l m .

l i m b e c n a l e m b ic [ al s o s p e l t l imb e ck ] l xm -b e k
'
. .

l i m n v ( p a in t ; d e p ict ) l l m
. .

l i m n e r n ( illu m i n a t or ; p a in t e r ) l xm n az
'
. .

l i m n i n g n ( illu m in a t i n g ; pa i n t in g ) l rm m, l rm n n)
' '
. .

li m o n i t e n ( b ow n
r h e m a t e ) la
. it
'
r -m
a n a rt
-
.

l i m ou s i n e n ( ca rr ia ge ) l i m u z xin
’
. .

l i n n w a t e r f a l l ; p ool ; p r e cipi ce [ al s o s pe lt l in n, ly nn ] l rn
. .

l i n a b l e a dj r a n ge d in a s t r aigh t li n e [ a l s o s pe lt lin ea b l e ]
.

’
l a r- n s - b al .

l i n e a m e n t n ( ou t l in e con t ou r ; f e a t u re ) l xn i-s -m ant

’
.
, .

l i n e a r a dj ( of a lin e ; l i n e - l ik e ) l xn i-oz
’
. .

l i n e n a dj ( m a d e of f la x ) i m m
.
‘
.

l i n g e l n s h oe m a k e r s w e xt t h r e a d [ a l s o s p e lt l i ngle ] l mgal
’ '
. .

l i n g e l n t h on g l at ch e t [ a l s o s p e l t l in g l e ] l mgal
’
.
, .

l i n g e r i e n ( lin e n col le ct i v ly ) l aen d 3 a z 1 i l a nsa z ri

' ' ‘

m
. .
,

l i n g o n l a n gu a ge [ a l s o f or m e r ly sp e lt Iin gu o]
’
. , go , .

l i n g o n t r e e [ a ls o s p e l t l in g oa ] l mgo
’
. .

l i n g ot n i n got [ a l so, f or m e rl y s pe lt l in g ot ] l l rj got

’
.
, .

l i n g u a l a dj ( of t h e t on gu e ) l mgw al .
’
.

l i n i m e n t n ( liq u id pr e p a r a t ion ) l m r- m on t
’
. .

j ye,c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t S h e w ; c
w w h e n ; 13 s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re act , 0 u ll , ou ool , 1 it , 1 1 s e e ;
!

f f
u poe t 1c ; a ov e r, e a e r1a l, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e bed , s o gat e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 3 15

L inn ean ad j . of the Sw e d is h n a t u ra l i s t C . L in n a e u s [a l s o

s p e l t L in n a e a n ] l 1 n 1 i- a n
’
.

l i n o l e u m n ( l oor cl ot h ) l
. 1 n o f
o l i -a m
- -
’
.

l i n o t y p e n ( com p os in g m a c h i n e ) l a x- n a-t a rp ; ( le ss
.
’
-
r o er p p
'
ly ) l xn a t a xp ; ( e rr on e ou s ly ) l xn i a- t a rp
’
- -
.

l i n s e y -w o ol s e y n ( a b r ic, ga r m e n t ) l m z x w u l z r .
’
f .

l i n t e l n ( h or i z on t a l p i e ce ov e r a d oor or w in d ow ) l rn t l ,
’
.

l m t al
'
.

l i o n i z e v v isit , s e e , or s h ow t h e l i on s or s igh t s of a pl a ce ;
.

a l s o, m a k e a l i on or h er o of [ a l s o s p e l t l i on is e ] l a i- s - n a xz
’
.

l i p o g r a m n ( a w r it i n g r om w h ich a ll w or d s con t ai n i n g a
. f
i l l m i m l p gz aem
’
)
’
p a r t c u a r e t t e r a r e o t t e d l xp gs z ae , a x s - - -
.

l i q u a t e v ( l iq u i fy ; m e l t ) l a I - k w e t
’
. .

l i q u e f y v r e d u c e t o l iq u i d [ a l s o ,
. or m e rly , s p e l t liq u i y ] f f
'
l i kw I f a x -
.

l i q u e u r n ( c or d ia l ) l 1 k n zz l i k e za ; ( l es s r o e r ly ) l x kcu zz
.
’ ’ '
, p p .

l i q u i d i z e v m a k e l iq u id [ a l s o s p e l t l iq u id is e ] l rk w x- d a rz
’
. .

l i q u or n ( l iq u id ; a l coh ol ic d r i n k ) l rks z
’
. .

l i r a n It a lia n s il v e r c oi n [ p l u r a l l ir e l ir as ] l rz- z o
’
. .
,

l i s n con t r ov e r s y ; l it ig a t i on [ p lu r a l l i t es ] l xs
. .

l i s n m h e r a l d ry
.
,
f
l e u r d e - l is [ plu r a l l is l iss e s ] l 1 is -
, .

l i s n cir cu l a r e nc losu r e ; or t [ a l s o s p e l t l is s ] i I S
. f .

l i s s o m a d j s u pp l e l it h e [ a ls o s p e lt lis s o m e ] l xs a m ’
. .
,

l i s t e n v g i v e e a r [ p a s t pu r t 1 c 1 p le a n d p r e t e r i t l is t e n e d , l is
.

t e n d ] l xs an , l l s n
’ ’
.

l i s t e r i n e n a n t i s e pt ic [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , sp e lt l is t e r in ] l l st o ’
.

i rs t a z in
’
z xn ,
-
.

l i t a n y n ( p r a y e r ) l rt n I l rt a- u l
’ ’
-
.
, .

l i t c h i n t r e e [ a l s o s p e l t l ic h i l ic h e e , l e ec h e e ] l i t Sri l r t S
.
' ’
i
, ,
-
.

. y
l i t e r n ca pa c it - m e a s u r e [ a l s o s p e l t l i t r e ] l xi t az
’
-
.

l i t e r a l a d j ( of l e t t e r s ; e x a ct ) l xt s z al ( r a i d ly ) i I t LQ i
.
’ '
-
,
p .

l i t e r a l i z e v r e n d e r l it e ra l , e t c [ a ls o s pe l t l i t e r a l is e ] l rt az s
.
’
.

lal z .

l i t e r a r y a dj ( of le t t e r s ) l xt s -z e z r ; ( a ls o) l i t az a e x ( a n t er i or
’ ’
-
.
,

ly ) l rt a z s z r, ( r a id ly ) l xt raz x; ( a ls o, a n d i n B r it a i n n or
’
-
’
p
m a lly ) l i t ra -z r
’
.

l i t e r a t i n ( p l u ra l of l it e r a t u s ) l i t a z e e t a r
’
-
. .

l i t e r a t i m a d v ( l e t t e r f or le tt e r ; l it e r a l l ) l i t a z e e -t rm.
.
'
y
l i t e r a t u r e n ( lit e r a ry cu lt u r e ; re a l m of le t t e r s ; w ri t in gs or
.

b ook s c ol l e ct i v l y )
’
li ts z a t S uz ,
'
l rt s z s t S az ( r a id ly ) i l t ra
—
f
-
, p
tS
’ ’
s z ; ( a ls o ald er ) l xt s z s t eue l xt s z s t es e
,
l xt ga t caz - -
,
-
.

l i t h a r g e n ( p r ot oxid of l e d ) l 1 9 0:z d 3 l 1 03 2 d 3
’
-
.
. ,

l i t h e a d j ( m il d pl e a s a n t ; l e x ib le s u pp l e ) l a i d 18 1 9
.
, f , , .

c: la w f ur
, a: , a cat , 9 b a y ; 0: f a r 00 n ow , 8 : a sk , 8 1 kit e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g sou n d 1 9 l on g ;
st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b le .
3 16 DICTION ARY O F H ARD W ORD S

li t h i asi s ( f or m a t ion in th e b l adde r, ) l O i

’
n. of st on e s et c. x a -s

s rs .

l i t h o g r a p h e r n l r O ogz a f s z ; ( less p r op er ly) l s -ge nz-fae

’
’ ’
-
. .

l i t h o g r a p h y n ( s t on e e n gr av i ng ) l x O ogea-f r
’
. .

l i t h o t o m y n ( cu t t in g f or s t on e in t he bl add e r ) l r O e t e-ms
’
. .

li t h o t r i t y n ( c r u s h i n g a s t on e i n t h e b l a.d d e r ) l x
'
O e tzr t r.
-
’
l a- t ra x-t x .

l i t i g i ou s a dj ( con t e nti ou s ; f ond of going t o l aw ; d ispu

.

t ab l e ; of l it iga t i on ) l 1 t 1 d sas
’
.

a ] l
’
l to
i r a l n of t h e s h or e [ a l.s o sp e l t l i t t or l rt a-
z al .

l i t t e r a t e u r n l it e ra ry m an [al so spe lt li t tér a t eu r ] 11 ter a

.

'
t s zz .

l i t t l e a dj ( s m a l l ; s h ort ; t rivial ; m e a n ) l rtl ; ( d ial ect al ly )

'
.

l 1 i- t l , ( s om e t i m e s , a s in s i n gi ng ) l xt al ; ( d ial e c t a lly ) l xl-l

’ ' '
.

'
l i t u r g i c a dj ( of pu b l ic w or s hip , l it u rgy , e t c ) l x t ee dst k
. . .

l i t u r g i s t n ( on e w h o u se s or ma ke s a li tu rgy ; minis ter )

.

’
l rt s z - d 3 rst .

’
l i t u gy n ( s
r e r v i ce , e t c )
. l r t s z -
d3 1 . .

l i v e v con t in u e i n b e i n g ; re m ain aliv e [ also sp e lt liv ; past

.

p a rt rc rpl e a n d p re t e r i t liv e d, liv d ] l 1 v .

l i v e a dj ( b e in g i n l if e ; l iv e ly ; f re s h ) l a rv
. .

d -l o
n) ; ( inl
'
l i e o g a dj (
v l n t h a t l iv s l o .n g; l a st i n g; t e i ou s ) l x v

p r op e r ly ) l a rv -l ozn
’
.

l i v e r y n ( pr ov is ion ; d is t in ct iv cl ot hin g ; d e liv e ry of prope r

.

( r a p idly ) l rv z x
’ ’
ty ; l i v e r y
-s a b l e
t ) l rv s -z x
, .

l i v e s n ( pl u ra l of l i e ) l a l v z
. f .

l i v e s v ( t h ird p e r s on s xn gu l ar p r e se n t 1 n d 1 cat rv of liv e ; 8 1

.

s o s p e l t l iv s ] l xv z .

i i i
'
li v r e n ( o l.d F r e n c h c o n ) l 1 -v
az , l r vz .

( j l i i i i ) l k i
’
l i xi v i a t e v s u b e c t t o . x v a t o n r s rv -e t .

-m a
m ] j ma ; ( l ess
'
[ l
’
ll a m a n q u a d ru p
. e d a l s o s p e l t l a a u z , l u : -

p r op e r ly ) l e e - m a
'
.

j no
'
) l
'
ll a n o n (p l a i
. n l u z -
n o , u z-
.

l oa d n ( b u r d e n ) loud
. .

l o a f n b r e a d e t c [ pl u ral l oav es ] l oa f
. ,
. .

l oa f v s pe n d t i m e id ly [ a l so spe l t l a af e ; pa st p a rt i ci ple a n d
.

p r e t e r 1 t l o a e d l a a t ] l o o f f . f .

l oa m n s oil [ f or m e r syn on y m ou s c og n a t e l oa m ] l oom ; ( d ia

.

l e c t a l ly ) l uu m .

l o a n v l e n d [ p a st pa rt rcrpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t l oa n e d l aa n d ] loon
. . .

l oa t h a dj av e r s e u n w illin g [ a l s o s p e lt l a t h ] l ac e
. , .

l o a t h e v f e e l av e r sion f or ; d islik e [ p a st pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t

.

c r rt l oa t h e d l a a t hd ] l oob ,
.

j c
ye ,cu r e ; b t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sche w ;
w w h e y ; 1) S i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , u u ll , uu oa l , 1 i t , ri se e ; f f
.

0 p oe t1c ; a ov e r, e a e r1 al , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ; .

3 18 DIC T I O N AR Y O F H AR D WORD S

L o m b a r d n ( on e of a G e rm a n ic pe opl e ; n a tiv of L ombard y )

l om b uz d , l om b az d , la m b s z d
' '
-
.

'
L o n d o n i s e v [ a l s o spe l t L a n d an is e ] la n do-n aI Z . .

l o n e a dj ( sol it a ry ) l oa n ; ( d ial e c t al ly ) lon

. .

l o n e l y a dj l oo n l x; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) l on l r
’ ’
-
. .

l o n e s o m e a dj ( l on e ly, sol it ary ) l uon s am ; ( dia l ect al ly) lon

’ '
-
.

s am .

l on g a dj , ad v , v , n [ a s v e rb , pa st pa rt rcrple an d p re t e r 1t
. . . .

l on g e d, l a n g d ] l ozrj , l on ; ( d ia l ec ta lly ) l czn .

l o n g e n ( l a k e - t r ou t ) l on d 3
. se e l u nge . .

l on g e v i t y n ( l on g li f e ) l on dse V 1 - t 1
’
. .

g e de d ] l ozn h e d rd , ( as
'
l on g -h e a d e d a d j [ a l s o s p e l t l o n -h
.

m pt iv ly ) l ozn h e d xd
'
-
su .

l o o s e v m a k e f r e e ; r e le as e ; re la x [ p ast pa rt rcrpl e and pr e t

.

e r 1 t l oos e d , l a a s t ] l uu s .

l oot v ( p lu n d e r ) l ou t
. .

l o q u a c i ou s a dj ( k i ) k m Sas ; ( impr operly ) lo

'
t a l a t v l o e e -
.

’
kw ae a s S .

l o q u a c i t y n ( t a l k a t iv n e s s ) l o kw a s r t r
’
—
. .

l or d n ( m a s t e r , ru l e r , p ri n ce ; ow n e r ) l ozz d , l oad , l czd

. .

l o r e n ( l e a r n i n g ) l ozz
. .

l or g n e t t e n ( l ong- h a n d le d gla ss e s ) l oz nj e t l oz n j e t
’ ’
.
, .

l or i c a n cu ir a ss ; p a s t e ; s h e a t h [ pl u r a l l or ica e ) l o z ar-ka
’
. .

l o s a b l e a dj ca pab l e o f b e i n g l ost [ a l s o s p e lt l ose a bl e ] l ou

'
.

z a b al
-
.

l o s e v ( f a il t o k e e p ; m iss ) l uu z , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) l u z
. .

l o s e l n good - f or - n ot h in g [ a l s o s pe lt l oz el ] l oo-z al
’
. .

l o t t o n g a m e [ s y n on y m ou s cog n at e l a t o] l ot o
'
. .

l o t u s n p l a n t t r e e , l ily cl ov e r [ a ls o sp e lt l a t as ; plural l otus

.
, ,

es ]
'
l oo- t as .

l ou n g e v n l a u n d3 ( in B r ita in o t e n ) l u un 3
.
, . , , f .

l ou r v l u u z sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s l ow er
. . .

l o u s e n i n s e ct [ pl u r a l l ice ] l u u s
. .

l ou s e v ( cl e a r of lice ) l u u z
. .

l o u s y a d j ( f u ll of l ice ; f ilt h y ) l u u- z r
'
. .

l ou v e r n t u rr e t [ a ls o s pe l t l ou v r e a n d f orme rly loov er ] l uu

'
. , ,

VO Z .

l ov a b l e ad j . d e se r vi n g t o b e l ov e d , a m ia bl e [ a l so sp e l t l ov e
]
'
a ble l A v o-b ol .

l ov e l i n e s s n ( q u a ity o b e in g v e ly )
'
l f l o l a v l r-
nt s
. .

l ow a d j ( n ot t a ll or h igh ; hu m b l e ) l oo ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) l o
. , .

l ow v b e ll ow s o t ly ; m oo [p ast pa rt rc rp l e a n d pre t e r 1t l ow e d,
. f
l ow d ] l oo .

j ye , ; a t h e 8 t
c cu r e h i n ; 3 a z u r e d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t s hew : . , c
111 w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , u se e ; f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r, e ae ri al , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
 D I C T I ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 3 19

l ow e r v . cau se t o d e sce n d ; h u m b l e [ p a st p a rt i c i ple a n d p re t

]
’
e r 1 t l ow er e d, l o w e r d l oo -
se .

lo w e r v f r
. o w n ; b e c l o u d e d [ s y n on y m ous cog n a t e l ou r ; p a st
]
'

p a r t i c i p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t l o w e r e d ,
l aw er d l u u -
s e .

m
'
l ow e r y a dj [ sy n o y o o t l o y] l
n a r - -
n. u s c g e u u u a zr .

l o y a l a dj ( f ait h f ul , t ru ) i
'
. e l o al -
.

l oz e n g e n ( r h om b , d ia m on d ; t a b le t ) l oz m d 3
'
. .

’
l u c e r n n pl a n t [ a ls o sp e l t l u c e r n e ] l i u s a zz n
. .

i s 1d ; ( d a l e c t a l ly )
' ’
i
l u c i d a dj ( b rig t , s . h h i n i n g; c l e a r ) l o u - l uu
8 1d .

l u c r a t i v e a dj pr of i t ab le [ a ls o sp e t l ucr a t iv ] k
’
. l l i u u -
s a -
ti v ;

( a t y)
’
d i l e c a ll l u u -k
s a -
ti v .

luc r e n (g
. a i n ; p r o f i t ; g r e e d )
’
l i u n -k
a z ; ( di a l ec t a l l y)
'
l u u -k
a z .

a dj s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s L ucu ll ia n
'
L u cu e l l a n l i u k a l x i.
- n
a . .

L u c u l l i a n a dj of t h e r ic h R om a n L u cu l lu s [ syn ony m ou s
.

L l a ] i k
’
c ogn at e u c u l e n l u A l i -
cu .

l u d i c r ou s a dj ( l au gha b ly a b su rd ) l iun-d r-ks s s ; ( d ia le c t a lly )

’
.

l u u -d v-ks os
’
.

l u e s n ( pl gu e ) u u iz
’
. a l i -
.

l u g u b i o s a dj ( o
r u d l e f u l
. m o u r n f u
,
l ) l o
'
gi o n b i os
- z -
.

l u k e w a m a dj ( t p d ; i
r e i . n d i ff e r e n t )
’
l i u u k -
w czz m ; ( d ia l e c t a l

ly ) l uuk-w c zz m
’
.

l u l l a b y n ( song su n g t o chil d r e n t o soot h e t h e m t o re s t )

.

'
l A l s -b a r .

l u m a c h e l l e n f i r e -m
a r b l e [ a l s o s p e lt l u mac h e l ; sy n on y m ou s
.

cogn a t e s l u m ac h e ll a , l u m a c h e l l o ] l iou -m a - k e l
'
.

l u m b a r a dj ( of t h e l oi n s ) l a m b az
’
. .

l u m b e r n ( t h in gs ; s a w e d t i m b e r ) l a m b az
'
. .

l u m i n a r y n ( ligh t g iv in g b od y ) l i u u -m r-n ez r ; ( d ia l e c t a lly )

’
-
.

l uu - m r-n e z r
'
.

l u n a t i c a dj ( i n sa n e ; m a d ; id iot ic ; cra z y ) l iu u -n a-t xk ; ( d ia

'
.

l ec t a l ly ) l u u -n a- t rk
'
.

l u n c h n , v l a n t S ( in B r it a i n ) l xn j
. .
, .

l u n c h e on n ( lu n c h ) l a n t Sa n , ( a ls o, a n d i n B r ita in n or m a lly )
’
.

'
la nS an .

l u n g e n r op e ; t r a in in g—g r ou n d [ a ls o s p e lt l onge ] la n ds, ( in

.

B r i t a i n, o t e n ) l a n s f .

l u n g e n t h rus t ; plu n ge [ a l s o f or m e rly , s pe l t l an ge, l ou n ge ]

. ,

la n d3 la n s , .

l u n g e n l a k e t r ou t [ a l s o s p e l t l u n g e ; s y n ony m ou s cogn a t e s
’
-
.

l a n g e l on g e ] l a n d3 l a n s
’
, , .

L u p e r c a l n ( fe s t iv a l i n h on or of Lu pe rcu s) l iuu -paz -kael

’
.
,
'
l i ou ps z -k s l l i u p c z - kze l
’
-
, .

c: law , fu r
a: , a cat , o ha t , b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow , u: a sk , a t k it e ;
or ,

l e n gt h - ma rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g sou n d rs l on g

s t re s s m a rk
-
1 nd 1 ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ollow rn g sy lla b l e .
3 20 DIC T I ON A R Y O F H ARD WO RD S
l u p i n n pla n t [ als o sp e lt l u pin e ] liuu -pm
'
. .

l u p i n e a dj ( of a w ol f ) l i uu p s rn , l iuu-prn
' ’
- . .

l u r e v ( recall t o t h e lu r e ; a ll u re ; t e mpt ) l iuze ;

.
( dial ec t ally)
l u zz .

l u r i d a dj ( w a n ; gh as t ly ) l iuz-e rd ; ( d i al e ctally) l uz-erd.

' '
.

l u s ci ou s a dj ( high ly pl e a s a n t t o t he t ast e , e t c ) l AS
.
'
as . .

l u s t e r n pe ri od of f ive y e ars [ a lso spe lt l us t re ] 1 ssu e

. .

l u s t e r v [ a ls o sp e lt l u s t r e ] l A s t az
’
. .

l u s t e r n s h e e n ; gl os s [ a ls o spe l t lu s tr e ] lA stee
'
. .

l u s t e r n ( on e w h o lu st s ) l A st az
.
’
.

l u s t e r e d ad j [ a l s o s p e lt l u s tr e d, lus t er d ] lAst ae d
.
’
.

l u s t e r i n g n t h e act i on of t he v e rb lus t er ; polish [ also s pe lt

.

l us t r in g ] lA s t a-z n ) , l A s t grr)
' ’
.

l u s t r i n g n ( gl ossy silk fa b ric) lA st rrn

’
. .

l u s t r i n g n l A s t a-z n) , l A st gn)
’
se e l us t er i n g
’
. . .

l u t e n ( s t r in gd i n st ru m e n t ) l iuu t ; ( d ia l ec t a lly ) l uu t
. .

'
l u xu r i a n c e n ( s t a t e of b e in g l u xu ria n t ; e xu b e rance ) b g su
.

ci a n s , l A g 3 u z a i- a n s , l A k s cu z-ci-a n s
' '
— -
.

l u xu r i a n t a dj ( e x u b e r a n t i n gr ow t h ; ab u n dant ) log soz-e i

.
'

e n t , l a g z j u z-z i a n t , l A k s cu z-ci - a n t
’ '
-
.

l u xu r i a t e v ( gr ow ra n k ; i n du lge in lu xu ry ) l og su z-e i-et ,

.
'

’
l og z j u z-z i- e t , l A k s cu z- z i -e t
’
.

l u x u r i ou s a dj ( of l u x u ry, e t c ). l a
’
gs uz-c i-a s , l a
’
g j
z oz-t i o .
- s .

l A k s cu z- z i-os
’
.

l u x u r y n ( in d u l ge n ce in re fin e d a b u n da n ce , e tc ) l A kS
.
'
a-n , .

l A ks cu e x, l A gsa e x; ( a ls o r ap i dly ) l A k S
' ’ '
- -
sr , .

l y c a n t h r op e n ( w e r e w ol f ) l a r k a n Os op , l a r ka n-G eop
’ ’
- - -
. .

l y c a n t h r o p y n ( i n sa n it y in w h ich t h e pa t i e n t imagi na h im
.

se l f a w ol f ; p ow e r t o c h a n ge i n t o a w ol f ) l a r ka
’
so-p t .

l y c é e n ( s e con d a ry s t a t e s ch ool in Fr an ce ) li se e
'
. .

l y c e u m n ( pl a ce of in st ru ct ion ) l a x s xi e m ; ( s ome tim e ) l a r '

’
-
.

s i -s m .

l y e n a lka l i z e d w a t e r [ a ls o, f or m e rly , s p e lt lie , ley ] l ax

. .

l y m p h n ( w a t e r ; s a p ; b od ily f lu id ) l xm f
. .

l yn c h v p u n i s h b y ly n ch - la w [ p a st p a r t rc rpl e a n d pre t e r rt
.

ly n c h e d ly n c h t ] l rn t S
, , ( a ls o, a n d in B r i t a in n or m al ly) l i n S .

l y n x n ( w il d ca t ) l mk s
. .

l y o n n a i s e a dj ( of L y on s , Fra n ce ; L y on n e s e ) l i-o n e e s
.
’
.

l y r i c a d j ( of t h e l y r e e t c ) l I Z I k '
. . .
,

l y r i c i s m n ( ly r ic s t y le ) l e - s rz s m
’
. .

l y r i s m n ( l y r ici s m ) l r z rz a m l a I- z rz s m
' '
-
.
, .

'
l y r i s t n ( p l a y e r on t he ly r e ; ly r ic p oe t ) l xz rs t ; ( r a r ely ) la x
.
'

e rs t .

lW .C cu r e ; a t h e 8 t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc he w ;
.

10 107
3
1 6 1 ; 1) S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , 1 r e a c t , 0 u l l , ou ool , I it , i i se e ;
.

f f
u p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e r1 a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
3 22 D I C TI ON ARY OF H AR D W O RD S

m a e st r o m i m i m m
’ ’
( asn. t e r n u s c ) u e s t o
r , u e e -st o
r .

m ag az in e n ( w a r e h ous e ; . s t or a g e -c h m
a be r ; pe ri odica l )
me ga z xi n , ( s om e t i m es ) mte ga-z i n
’ ’
.

m a g d a l e n n re f orm d pros t it u t e [ sy n onym ous cognat e m ag

.

da ] m d -l a n
’
l e n e a g a .

M a g e l l a n i c a dj ( of M age l la n ) ma d 3 1 lz n 1 k, ma g xlx n rk
’ ’
. .

m a g e n t a n ( a n ilin r e d ; f u chs i n ) m a d se n t s
’
. .

m a g g ot n ( w or m , gru b ; cr ot ch e t ) mze gat

’
. .

M f i m ) m
’
a gi n (p l u.r a l o M a u
g , s w s e a n e e -d
sa 1
m a g n a c h a r t a n ( G re a t C h art e r of En glis h l1berty ) ma g
.

’
n a k uz t o, m a
'
e g n o k u :z -t a .

m a g n e s i a n ( h y d ra t e d m agn esiu m ca rb orat e m agn e si u m

.

oxid e ) m ze g n 1 i S m a g n 1 i 3 a ; ma g n 1 i S i-a , n
’ ’ '
n xi-si -s ,
’
- -
e,
m a g m i-z i-a
'
.

m a g n e t i z a t i on n [ a l s o s pe lt m agn e t is a t i on ] ma gn xt xz e e
.
’

S ,
'
a n m m g n x- m z ee- s n
t S .

m a g n e t i z e v r e n d e r m a gn e t ic ; a l s o, a t t ra ct [ also spe lt m ag
.

n et s ]
i
'
e n u r -
t a rz .

m a g n e t o n ( m agn e t o e l e ct ric m a ch in e ) mae g n 1 i to, mxg

.
-
’
- '

11 1 - t o.

m a g n e t o -e l e c t r i c ad j . m ae g -
n ri- t o- x l e kt rxk ,
'
m g xt r
n - o-

'
l e kt gl k .

m a g n i f i c e n t a dj (g r a n d , s p l e n d i d ) m. a t g
'
n rf x a t ;
-s n
( less
p r op er ly ) m ae g n 1 v 1 -s ont
’
.

m a g n ol i a n ( t r e e ; b a rk ) m a g u c o-l i-a
.
'
.

m a g u e y n ( A m e r ica n a l oe ) m ze g w e m ae gw e e
’ '
.

M a g y a r n ( M on gol oid Hu n ga r ia n ) m a g-j us mozd -j ae , ma

. ,
’
d 3 u zz .

m a h l s t i c k n h a n d -su pp or t in g s t ick u s e d b y pai n t e rs [ als o,

.

s om e t i m e s , s p e l t m a u ls t ic k m a l s t ic k ] m e zi st xk, m uzl-st xk
' ’
-
, .

m a h o g a n y n ( w ood ; t r e e ; t a b l e ) m s h oga - m
’
. .

m a i e u t i c a dj ( of in t e ll e ct u al m id w if ry ; cla rifying t h e mi nd )
.

n 1e j u u -t 1 k
’
.

m a i l n ( a r m or ) m e ci
. .

m a i l n ( p ay m e n t ; t a x ; t rib u t e ) m e e l
. .

m a i l n ( b a g ; p os t ) m e e l
. .

m a i l a b l e a d j ( ca pabl e of b e in g m a il e d ) m e e -l a-b al
.
’
.

m a i n n ( s t r e n gt h ; m a i n p a r t ; op e n oce a n ) m e e n
. .

m a i n a dj ( p r in ci p a l ch ie f ) m e e n
. . .

m a i n n ( t h r ow of dice : m a t c h ) m e e n
. .

m a i n m a s t n ( p r in c ip a l m a s t ) m e e n - m a zst m e e n -m ast
.
’ '
. .

m a i n p r i z e v n o b s ole t e [ a l s o s p e lt m a in pr is e ] m e e n -ps a l z
.
'
.

m a i n s a i l 11 m e e n s e e l m e e n s al m e e n si
'
.
’ ’
-
.
-
.
-
.

j ye . c cu r e : a t he . 0t h i n . 3 az u r e d z j oy : f s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

111 w h on : 1) s n g i ; 11 w h oe v e r i , r e act 11 , f ul l on fool I i t 1 i s ee ;

, , ,
o

0 poe t ie ; a ow r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;

 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S 3 23

m a in t ai n v . ca r ry on ; k e e p u p ; s u pport [ pe s t pa r t 1 c 1 pl e a n d
main t ain e d m a is t a i n d ] m e n t e e n , m a n t e e n , m e n
’ ’
p re t e r1 t ,
’
te e n .

m ai n t a i n er [ a l s o, sp e l t ma i n t ain or ] m e n
’
n. xn l a w , t e e -n az ,
m e n t e e -n az , m a n t e e - n az
’ ’
.

m a i n t e n a n c e 11 i m i i i m
'
( ac t o n of a n t a n n g) . e e n t
- u-
a ns ,

m e e n -t x- n a n s
'
.

m a i z e 11 ( In d ia n cor n ) m e e z
. .

m a j o l i c a n p ot t e ry [ a l s o, s om e t im e s, s pe l t m ai ol ica ] m o
.

m j ka
’
-k l
'
ds o l 1 a , a o x-
.

m a j u s c u l e a dj ( la rge : s aid of ca p it al or u n cia l l e t t e rs ; a l

.

'
s o, w r it t e n i n m a j u sc u l e s ) m a d a - k
s s cul .

m a k e 11 ( p rod u ce f as h i on , e t c ) m e e k , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) m e k
.
,
. .

m a l a c h i t e 11 ( gr e e n ca r b on a t e of copp e r ) m ae l a- k u t
’
. .

m a l a d r oi t a dj ( n ot a d r oi t ; cl u m sy ) mae l s d t oxt
’
. .

m a l a i s e n ( u n e a s in e ss ) m ae l e e z
’
. .

m a l a p r o p os a d v ( in a pp r O p ria t e ly ) m ae l -a ps o poo ; ( l ess p r op

'
.

er l y ) mael a ps a- p o
'
.

m a l a r a dj ( of a c h e e k ) m e e - l az
'
. .

m a l a r i a n ( b a d a i r f e v e r ) m e l e z-ai- o
’ “

. .

M a l a y n ( M a l a y a n ) m e e -l o m a l e e
’
. , .

m a l d e m e r n ( s e a s ick n e s s ) m a l - d a m e zz
’
. .

m a l e a dj n ( t h e opp os 1 t of fe m a l e ) m e e l
.
, . .

m a l e f a c t or n ( f e l on , crim i n a l ; e v il d oe r ) m a l x fa ktaz ,
’
.
-

m z l x- fmkt az
'
.

m a l e f i c e n t a d j ( h a r m fu l ) m a l e f x-san t
’
. .

m a l e v ol e n t a dj ( m a l iciou s ; h ost il ) m a l e v a-l an t

’
. .

m a l f e a s a n c e n e v i l d oin g [ a l so f or m e r ly s p e l t m a lf e sa n ce ;
.
-
, ,

for m e r syn on y m ou s cog n a t e m a lfa is a n ce ] m ael f 1 i- z on s ’

.

m a l i c a dj ( of a ppl e s ) m e e l rk ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) m l xk
’ ’
-
. .

m a l i c e n ill- w il l [ a l s o s pe lt m a l is ] m ae l xs
’
. .

m a l i g n 11 s p e a k ill of ; sl a n d e r [ p os t p a r t 1 c1 p l e a n d p re t e r 1 t
.

m a l ig n e d, m a l ig n d ] m a l a m
'
.

m a l i g n e r 11 ( on e w h o m a l ig n s ; t ra d u ce r ) m a l a r- n az
'
. .

m a l i n g e r v ( p r e t e n d ill n e s s e t c ) m a l m d saz m a l mgaz

’ '
'
. , .
, .

m a l k i n n u n t idy f e m a l e ; s lu t ; s la tt e rn [ al s o, s om e t i m es ,
.

s p e l t m aw k in ]
'
m c zl - k xn m e z- k rn
'
, .

m a l l n ( p r om e n ad e , w a lk ) m a l , mc zl , m e l
. se e m a u l f or .

ot h e r s e n s e s .

m a l l a r d 11 ( Wild d r a ke or du ck ) m z l az d
’
. .

m al l e a b l e a d j ( t h a t m ay b e h a m m e rd ou t ) mz l i-a-b al
.
'
.

m a l l e c h o n ( e v il d oin gs ) m aeh t So
’
- -
. .

m a l l e o l a r a d j ( of t h e m a l l e ol u s ) m a i xi a l az mz l i-a-l az ' '

- —
. .
,

c: la w , fur a: , o ca t . o
a b oy : a : f a r 00 n ow
h ot , o1 a : a sk , . , ki t e ;
or
l e n gt h m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d rs l oa ;
f
-

s t r e ss m a r k
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
st re s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g s ylla b e .
32 4 DI CT IO N A RY O F H A R D WO R D S
m a l l e ol u s n b on y p rot ube ran ce . on ei t h e r s id e of t he a n kl e
m ] m i
'
[p ul r a l a ll e ol i a l x a l as
- -
.

m al l et (w h a mm e r ) ma h t
ood e n
'
n . .

m al m n . so f t b rick [ al so, or me rly , f s pe lt mal m e ; f ormer syn .

on y m ou s cog n a t e ma u m ] mozm .

m al m se y i ) m m
'
n .
(g p ;
r a e w n e o z -z r .

m a l o d or had od or ; s t e n ch [ al s o spe lt ma lodou r ] ma l e o

’
11 .

d az .

m a l o d o r ou s a dj m a l ao-d a-z as
’
. .

m a l p r a c t i c e 11 i m pr ope r t r e at me n t ; ille gal act ion [al so

.

s p e l t m a lpr a c t is ] ma l ps a kt xs
’
.

M a l t e s e a d j of M a l t a [ v ulga r sy n on y m ou s cogn at e M al i c e ]
.

m cl t xis , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) m ozi- t i s
’ ’
.

m al t t s e r 11 ( o n e w
. h o m a k s
e m a l t )
’
m c l t s t az ; ( impr oper ly )
: -

m e zi- s t az
’
.

m a m a n m ot h e r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e momm a ] moz-m a ;

.
'

ma ma : ( d ia l e c ta lly ) m a m a , m om a
’ ' ’
.

m a m e l u k e n m e m b e r of a m ilit a ry b od y origin al ly com

.
~

v e s b u t w h ich b e ca m e t h e r uli n
p o s e d o f C a u cas ia n s l a g cla s s
of Egy pt ; f ig h t i n g sl av e ; s l av e [ a ls o sp e l t m a m al uk c ]
m a m a - l iu k
'
.

m a m i l l a n n ip ple [ a ls o sp e l t m a mmill a ; pl ura l ma m il l a e ]

.

m a m 1 ls
’
.

m a m i l l a r a d j [ a l s o s p e lt m a m m il l a r ] me m r-l az
.
'
.

m a m i l l a r y a d j [ a l s o sp e lt m a m m ill a ry ] m a m x-l e z r
’
. .

m a m i l l a t e d a dj [ a ls o s p e lt m a m m ill a t e d ] ma m r-l e t xd
'
. .

m a m i l l i f o r m a dj [ a ls o s p e l t m a m m il li or m ] ma m rl r-fe ze n
.
’
f .

m a m m a n ma ma s a m e m e a n 1 ng a s m a m a
’
. .

m a m m a n m ilk- gla n d [ p lu r a l m a m m a e ] m z m a
'
. .

m a m m a l 11 ( on e of t h e m a m m a l ia or a n im al s h av in g m a m
.

m a e ) m mm al
’
.

m a m m a l i a n a dj ( of t h e m a m m a l ia ) m a me e -l i-an
'
. .

m a m m a r y a dj ( o f t h e m a m .m a o r b re a s t ; m a m m a -l i k e
)
m aem a e x
'
-
.

m a m m o n n r ich e s [ a l s o, w h e n p e r s on xf ied , s pe lt M a m mon ]

.

m mm a n
'
.

m a m m o t h 11 ( l a rg e e x t in ct e l e ph a n t ) m e m aO
.
’
.

m a n 11 h u m a n b e in g ; a du lt m a l e , e t c [ plu r al m en ] ma n,
. .

( of t e n ) m ae zn .

m a n a c l e n ( f e t t e r f or t h e h a n d ; h a n d cu ff ) m e n a-kal
.
'
.

m a n a g e a b l e a dj ( t h at c a n b e m a n a ge d ) mmm dsa-b al .
’
.

m a n a g e r i a l a dj ( of a m a n age r ) m aen r d srz ai al .

’
- -
.

m a n a k i n n b ir d [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn at e m a n i ki n ] mmn a-krn

.
'
.

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 0t hi n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sche w ;
.

111 w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , ri s ec ;
.

f f
0 poe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , c c gat e ;
 3 26 DI CTION A R Y O F H A R D WO R D S
m b e in g m a n gy ) m e e n dsr-n t s
'
an g i n e s s 11 .
( st at e of n .

m a n g o n f ru it . ; t re e ; pickl e ; b ird ; f ish [ pl ura l mange r, ma n

goe s ] m a rj ge
'
.

m an g r ov e ma n-gzoov
n. (tre e )
'
mz n gz oov ,
-
’
.

m a n g u e n ( v iv e rri n q ua d ru pe d ) ma ng
. .

m a n gy a dj ( h a v in g t h e m a n ge ) m e e n -d sr
’
. .

m a n i a n ( a f or m of in sa nity ; craz e ) m e e -ni-a ; ( less pr op

’
.

m ja
’
er ly) e e -n .

m a n i a c a dj ( a ff e ct ed w ith m a nia ; of ma ni a ; ravi ng ; f ra n

.

t ic ) m e e -u i- a k
'
.

m a n i a c a l a dj ( a ff ect e d w it h m ania ; of ma ni a or man iacs)

.

m a n a i- a- kol
'
.

M a n i c h e a n a dj of t he M a n ich e e s [ also s pe lt M an ichae an ] .

m a n r k xi- an
’
.

M a n i c h e i s m n d oct ri n of t he M a ni che e s [ als o spel t M a n i .

c h a e is m ; sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e M a n ich e a n is m ]
'
ma n rki-rz am .

m a n i k i n n l it t le m a n , d w ar f ; a rt ist s lay f igure [also spe l t

.
’

m an n ikin ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s man a kin , m an n ak in ] me n t '

km .

m a n i l a n he m p ; pap e r [ al s o spe lt ma n il la ] ma n xla

.
’
.

m a n i l l a n ( b ra ce l e t ) m a n xlo
'
. .

m a n i o c n ( ca s sa v a pl a n t ) m ae n i ok m e e -n i-e k
-
.
’
-
'
, .

m a n i t o u n A m e r in d ian s p ir it ; f e t i sh [ a ls o spe lt mani la ;

.

s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e s m a n i t o m a n e t o] ma n r-t u
'
, .

m a n k i n d n ( t h e hu m a n ra ce ) m aan k a m d ; ( t he male se x )
.
'

m ae n -k a w d
'
.

m a n n a 11 ( f ood ) m aen a
’
. .

m a n n e r 11 ( w ay ; d e m e an or ) maan az
.
’
.

m a n o e u v e r n st ra t e gic m ov e m e n t of t r00ps or ships ; in

.

t r igu e [ a l s o s p e l t m a n oe u vr e , m a n e u v er , m a n ei hn c] ma '

’
n j u u - v az m a n uu -v az
'
.
,

m a n o e u v e r v [ al s o s pe l t m a n oe u vr e ma n e u ver , m a neu vr e ;
.
,

p r e s e n t p a rt 1 c 1 p1e m a n oe u v e r in g m a n oe u v r in g ; pa st port r ,

C 1 pl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t m an oeu ve r ed , m a n oe u v r e d, m an e uv er d ]
m a n j u u v az
’
-
.

m a n o e u v e r e r n [ a ls o sp e l t m a n e u v e r e r ; syn on ym ous cog .

n a t e s m a n oe u v r er m a n e u v r er ] m a n i u u - v a- z az
’
, .

m a n o e u v r e r n m o u j u n - v z az
’
s a m e m e an 1 n g as ma n oca
. .

v er e r .

m a n o r n ( d w e llin g ; l a n d e d e s t a t e ) m a n az
.
’
.

m a n s a r d n ( a f or m of cu rb r oof ) m a n -sa z d
-
.
’

m a n s n e t e a dj ( ge n t le ; m ild ; t a m e ) m a n s w rit , ma n -sw it

'
.
'
.

m a n s u e t u d e n ( ge n t le n e ss m e e k n e s s ) m aen sw x t eu d
’
.
,
-
.

i ye c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
'

111 w h e n ; 1) s 1n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct
.

u fu l u u f ool , 1 i t , ri s ec ; .

o poe t 1 c ; a ov e r, e a e n a l , A b ut , a: door, s o n o, e b e d, e e at e ;
g
 DI CTIO NARY O F HARD W ORD S 3 27

m an t e l n t h e w ork rou n d a i re p la ce [ a ls o, or m e r ly , s p e lt
. f f
m a n tl e ] m a n t i
’
.

m a n t e l e t n cloa k ; s he l t e r [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s pe l t m a n t l e t ]
.

m m m le t , m a n t e l e t
' ’ '
ma ti e t ,
’ ’
n —
ae n t L o t ,
ae n t u t , az n t a -
.

m a n t e l p i e c e n m a nt e l ; m a n t e l s h e l [ a ls o sp e lt m a n t l e iece ]
. f p
m a n t i p 1 is
’
—
.

m a n t el sh e l f n ( s he l o f a m a . n t e l i
p c )e e f '
m ae n t l -
el S f .

m a n t i s s a n ( d e ci m a l-pa rt of a loga r it h m ) m aen t 1 sa

’
. .

m a n t l e n ( ga r m e n t ; cov e r ) mze n t l
'
. .

m a n t u a n ( gow n , m a t u ) m m a tS mae t u a
' ' ’
. n e a ae n t cu o, -
o u -s
, n -
.

f
m a n u f a c t o r y n orm e r ly , m a n u a ct u r e ; n ow , a ct ory [ p lu ra l
. f f
f
m a n u a c t or ies ] m a n j u fae kt S
’
a -a , m e e n j u fa
’
e k t a- m .

m a n u f a ct u r e n , v maen j u fze k t S mae nj u fze kt caz , ( als o,

' '
az ,
. .

s om e t i m e s ) ma n j u- fa kt Saz ; ( v u lg a r ly ) m ae n s fze k t Saz

' ’
.

m a n u m i s e v ( ob s ol e t e ) m a n u m it [ a ls o s p e lt m an u m iz e ; sy n
.

on y m ou s cog n a t e ma n u m is s ] m te n j u m a rz
’
.

m a n u m i t v ( re le as e r om s l a v e r ; s e t re e ) m aen j u m rt
. f '
y f .

f
m a n u r e v ( orm e rly , h old , m a n a ge ; n ow , e n rich w it h d u n g )
.

m a n j u zz ; ( dia l e ct a lly ) m o u o ze
’ '
.

m a n y a dj ( n u m e r ou s ; plu r a l ) m e m
’
. .

m a r a b o u n b ird ; plu m e [ a l s o s p e l t m a r a b ou t ] m ae z - a-b u

.
’
.

m a r a n a t h a n ( t e r rib le cu r s e ) m ae z a n ze ea, mae z s n a z- O o

’ ’
. .

m a r a s m u s n ( w a st i n g a w a ) m a z aez m s s .
'
y .

m a r b l e i s e v giv e t h e a pp e a r a n ce of m a rb l e [ a ls o sp e l t m a r
.

b l e is e ] m u zz -b a-l m z
'
.

. f
m a r e n ( r e u s e of p re st g ra p e s , e t c m u r k ) m u zz k .

m a r ch v w a lk in s t e p [ p e s t p u r t xc xp l e a n d pr e t e r 1 t m arch e d,
.

m a r ch t ] m u zz t S , ( w h e n u n s t r es t ) m uz t S .

m a r c h i o n e s s n ( w i fe of a m a rq u is , e t c ) moz S o- m s
’
. . .

. f
m a r e 11 ( e m a l e h or s e ) m e zz .

m a r g a r i c a dj ( p e a r ly : s a id of a n a cid ) m uz gaez rk
'
. .

m a r g a r i n n gly ce ri d of m a rga r ic a cid [ a lso s p e l t m a rga

.

r in e ] m ozz -go- z m
’
.

m a r g a r i n e n ( ole om a r ga r in e ) 111 u zz - ga-z in

’
. .

m a r g u e r i t e n ( d a isy ) m u z ga z 1 it m u zz - ga- z it ’ ’
. .
,

m a r i g o l d n pl a n t [ a ls o f o r m e r ly , sp e lt m a ryg old ] ma z x
.
,
’

m
'
g o ld , ( r a r e ly ) e z e x g ol d - -
.

M a r i ol a t r y n ( id ola t r ou s w o rs h ip of t h e Vi rg in M a r ) m e
. y
’
z i ol a t p -
.

m a r i t a l a dj ( of a h u sb a n d ; m a t r im on ia l ) m ae z 1 t i , m a z 1 - t al
’ ’
.
-
.

m a r i t i m e a dj ( l iv i n g n e a r t h e s e a ; of t h e s e a ) m aez x-t m m ,
’
.

m z z r t xm
’ —
.

m a r j or a m n ( pla n t ) m u zz d sa z am
’
- -
. .

c: la w ,
fu r, a: se ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , a u n ow , 3 : a s k , or kit e ;
le n gt h m a rk-
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 5 lon g ;
st e s s m a r k
r -
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch1 e f
s t r e ss on t h e f ollow rn g syl la b l e .
3 28 DICTIONA RY O F HA R D WO R D S
m a r k 11 u n it of w e igh t ; c oin [ als o spe l t m are ] moze k
. .

m a r k e t 11 ( m e e t ing f or t ra d e ; t ra di n g pl a ce ; sa l e ; d e ma n d )
.
-

m a z k xt , ma zz -k 1 t
' '
.

m a r l i n e n t w o st r an d lin e [ a ls o s pe lt m ar l in ] mozz —l rn
-
.
'
.

m a r m a l a d e n ( p re s e rv e ; fr u it ) m o zz -m a-l e d
'
. .

m a r m or e a l n ( ma ) m m
’
o f rb l e oz oz-
s.i -
ol .

m a r m o s e t n m on k ey [ a ls o, f or me rly, s pe lt m armos e t ] mozz

.
’

m a- z e t , m az m o z e t
’
.

m a r m ot n ( rod e n t ) ma zz -m s t
’
. .

m a r m o t n b a t h in g cap [ a lso s pe lt ma r m ot t e ] mozz -m ot

'
-
. .

m a r q u e n ( s e iz u re ) m a zz k
. .

m a r q u e e n t e n t [ a ls o spe l t m a r k e e ] m az k xi
’
. .

m a r q u e t r y n in la id w or k [ al so spe lt m ar q u e t er i e ] moz kr
.
’

tn .

m arq u i s n n ob l e m a n [ al s o s p e l t m a r q u es s ] moz lruu s

.
’
.

m ( s't a t u s or d om ain of a m a rq ui s ) m oelan

’
a r q u i sa t e n .

z et ,
’
m u z k w r- s e t ma z k w x-sat , .

m a r r i a g e n ( w e d l ock , s p ou s e h ood ) mazz xd s

'
. .

m a r r i a g e a b l e a d j m ae n d so b al
'
-
. .

M a r s e i l l a i s e 11 ( s on g of t h e Fre n ch R e pu b lic) m oz s r l e e z
’
. .

m a r s e i l l e s n ( cot t on f a b r ic ) m a z s e e l z
’
. .

m a r s h a l n ( off ice r ) m q a l , m a zz - S al
’ ’
. .

m a r s h a l v d i sp ose i n or d e r ; a r r a y [ p ast pa rt rc rple a n d pre t

.

m a r s h a ll e d ma r s h a l d ] m q ol , mozz -S
'
al
’
e r 1t m a r s h a l e d , , .

m a r s h a l e r n on e w h o m a rs h a l s or d is pose s i n d u e ord er
.

[ a ls o s p e l t m a r s h a ll e r ] m a z S o l az
’
-
.

m a r s h m a l l ow m m -m
m q s
' ’
n (p l a n t ; ca n d y) .ael o, o c l o;

( i mp r op e r ly ) m q m e l o
’
.

m a r t e n n q u a d ru pe d [ a lso f or m e rly , sp e l t ma r t in ] moz t m ,

’
.
,
’
m ozz - t m .

m a r t i a l a dj ( of w a r ; m il it a ry ; w arl ik e ) m a z S al , mozz -S
'
al
'
. .

m a r t i n n ( b ir d ) m oz t m m a zz - t m
’ ’
.
.
,

m a r t i n e t n ( rig id d iscipl in a r ia n ) m a z t x n e t
’
. .

m a r t i n e t n ( b ir d ) m a z t 1 n e t m oz t x-n e t
’ ’
. , .

m a r t i n g a l e n ( st r a p ; r op e ; d ol p h in -s t rik e r ; ga mb lin g-sys

.

'
t e m ) m a r t u ge l -
.

M a r t i n m a s n ( f e a st of St M a r t i n ) m a z t n -m azs, m ozz -t n
' '
. .

m a zs m a z t m - m os
'
.
,

m a r t y r n ( on e w h o u n d e rg oe s d e a t h f or cre e d , e t c ) mas
'
. .

m a r t y r d o m n m uz t az ds m .
’ -
.

m a r t y r i z e v [ al s o s p e lt m a r ty r is e ] m uz t a-z tn z
’
. .

m a r v e l v w on d e r [ p r e se n t pa rt rc rpl e m a rv e lin g m arve llin g :

.
,

j ye c cu e ; b t h e , 0t h in ; 5 az u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch ew ;
, r
w w h e n ; 1) 3 1 11 9 ; u w h oev e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 ul l , ou ool , I it , xi se c ;
.

f f
0 p oet 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , a b u t , 0: d oor, s o n o, e b ed , s o gat e ;
3 30 D ICTION ARY OF H ARD WOR D S

m a t h em a t i ci a n ( on e in mat h e m at ics ) Infi rma

11 . ski ld
t 1 ! an , ( r ap i d ly ) ma O m a t
a n , ma O n a t a n
' ’ ’
.

m a t i n n m or n ing se rv ice , e t c [ pl ur al m a t ins ] me t ru

.
'
. .

m a t i n ee n ( a ft e rn oon pe rf orm a nce ) me t x n e e ; ( a nt eriorly )

.
’

mast x n e ; ( als o, l e ss p r op er ly ) m at t n e e , mte t n -e ; u t a ri

' ' ' ’
-
.

m a t r a s s 11 ( gla s s v e sse l u s e d b y ch e mist s ) maet zos

.
'
.

m a t r i c a l a dj ( of t h e m a t r xx) m aetzx kal , ma tza r-kai

' '
-
. .

m a t r i c e 11 [ a lso s pe l t m a t ris ] m e e tzxs , mz t zrs sa m e

’ '
-
. .

m e a n 1 n g a s m a tr ix .

m a t r i c e s n p lu r al of m a t r ix [ also spe lt ma tr ises ] mc txr

.
'

si z , ( s om e t i m es, es p e ci a lly i n s en s es ot h er t ha n m ol ds ) m a
'
t za r-s iz .

m a t r i c i d e n ( a ct ion of k ill in g on e s ow n mot he r ) mc txr

’ ’
.

s a xd m e e -t gr-s a xd
’
.
,

m a t r i m on y n ( m a rr ia ge ) mz t xr-m on r, ( als o) mz tn ma-n r,

’
.
'

( i m x m am
'
n t er o ly) z t x-
a r .

m a t r i x 11 w omb ; f or m a t iv p a rt ; e ncl os in g m a ss ; m old [ plur

.

a l m a t r ices , m a t r ix e s ] m e e -t rrk s , m a t xxk s

’ '
.

m a t r o n n ( m a rr ie d w om a n ) m e e -t xan , mte t xan ; ( dia l ectall y )

.
' ’

'
m e e t -t gon .

m a t r on a l a dj ( of a m a t r on ; m a t ron -l ike ) mz tza-nl , m e e

.
' '

tg nl
a -
.

m a t r o n i s e v [ a l s o s pe l t m a tr on is e ] ma t xa n a u , m e e -tza
'
.
-
'

n a rz .
m a t r o n l y n ( l ik e a m a t ron e t c ) mae t x l x, me e—t p -n l r
' ’
. , . a-n .

m a t t o ok n ( p ick a x ) m a t ok
’
. .

m a t t r e s s n ( b e d ) m ac t ras
'
. .

m a t u r e a d j ( f u ll gr ow n r ip e ) m a t eu zz ; ( i mp r op erly) m a
’
-
. ,

u :z ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) m o t u zz
tS
’ ’
.

m a t u t i n a l a dj ( of t h e m orn in g ; e a rly ) m a t cuu -t r-u i, me t eo

’
.

’
t a u i.
I -

m atu t in m a t u t i n al [ a ls o, s ome t i m e s sp e l t m a tu tin ]

e ad j .
,

m ze t cu t m m mt cu - t a m
' ’
-
.
,

m a u d l i n a dj (t e ar f u l m a w k i s h.l y e m o t i on a l )
'
m e z
,
-d i m .

m a u g r e p r e p in s pi t e of [ al s o s p e lt m a n g e r m agr e ]
’
. m cz-g as , .

m au l n ( m a ll e t ga m e a ll e y ) [ a l s o sp e l t m a ll ] m e zi
.
, , .

m au n der v w hi n e ; t a l k i n c oh e r e n t ly [ for m e r sy n ony m ou s

.

cogn a t e m a n d e r ; p os t p a r t 1 c 1 p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t m a u n d ere d,
m a u n d e r d ] m c zn d az m u zn - d oz
' '
m e zn d oe
'
- -
.
, ,

m a u s ol e u m n s t a t e l y t om b [ p l u r a l m a u s ol e a
. m au sol e ums ] ,

m e s a k i- a m
’
.

m au ve n ( r e d d i s.h -
p u r pl e d y e or c ol or ) m oov m e zy , .

m a vi s n ( s o n g - h
.t ru s h )
’
m z
e v rs
’
m e e -
v xs , .

i ye 5 a z u re , d 5 oy ; s h oe , t S h ew ;
s c
'

,c cu r e ; a t h e , 9 t hin
111 w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re act , u f u l ou i ool , 1 i t , 1 1 se c ;
o p oe t ic ; s ov e t , e a e ri a l , a b u t , 0: d oor, s o n o, e b e d, s e gate ;
 DI CTIONA R Y O F H A R D WORD S 33 I

maw ( st om a ch ; c rop ) m e
n.
m a w k i s h a dj ( s ickly ) m e z k rs
'
-
. .

m a xi l l a n j a w ; j a w -b on e ; on e. of a pair of gn a t h it e s [pl ur
m a xill a e ] m z k s xlo
’
al .

m a xi l l a r y a dj ( of t h e j aw ; of t h e m a xi lla e ) ma ks r-l e z r, .
’

m m
'
m ae ks r l oz , k l
’
- r s x a-
zr .

m a x i m u m n g re a t e s t v a lu e ; h ighe st a m ou n t ; su pe ri or l im
.

it [ plu ra l m a x i m a , ra re ly m ax im u m s ] maeks x- m am
’
.

m a y v m e e , ( w h e n l ess s t r e s t ) m e , m e
. .

m a y b e a d v m e e b x, ( w h e n l ess s t r es t ) m e b r ; ( dial e cta lly )

’ '
-
.

meb 1
'
.

m a y h e m n ( m l aw , m a im ) m e e -e m , m e e -h e m
’
.
'
.

m a y on n a i s e n ( e gg s au ce ) m e -a n e e z
'
. .

m a y o r n ( ch i e f m a gist ra t e of a cit y or b or o) m e e -az , me zz

.
'
.

m a y o r a l n ( con d u ct or of b e a st s ) moj o z ozl

’
. .

m a y o r a l a dj ( of a m a y or ) m e e a z ol , m e z-z al
’
- -
.
'
.

m a y o r a l t y 11 ( off ice of a m a y or or t h e p e ri od of h is ser

.

m e e az al t 1 m e z-z s l -t r
'
v i ce )
’
- -
.
,

m a z a r i n e n a dj ( b l ue ) m a z a z xin , ( an t er i or ly ) ma z o-z in
’ ’
. . .
,

m a z e n ( la b y r i n t h ) m e e z
. .

m a m r k a n Pol is h d a n ce [ a l so, s om e t im es , sp e lt mae our ka ]

.

m a z oz k a , m s z u zz -k a
' '
.

m e a d n ( liq u or ) m 1 id
. .

m e a d n ( m e a d ow ) m 1 id
. .

m e a d o w n l ow g ra s s la n d [ a l s o sp e lt m e d ow ] m e d o ; ( d i a
-
.
’

l e c t a lly ) m e d a
’
.

m e a g e r a dj l e a n t hi n ; s ca n t y [ a l s o s p e lt m e agr e ] m 1 i- gaz
.
'
, .

m e a n n a dj ( m e d iu m ) m ri n
., . .

m e a n a dj ( c om m on ; hu m b l e ; st in gy ) m 1 in
. .

m e a n v ( in t e n d ) m 1 i n ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) m i n
. , .

m e a n d e r n w in d i n g cou r s e ; d e v iat ion [a l s o f or m e rly , sp e lt

.
,

m a e a n d e r ] m i aan d az
’
.

m e a n d r i n e a dj c ha ra ct e r iz e d b y w in di n gs : s a id of ce rt a in .

c ora l s [ a l s o s om e t im e s , s p e l t m a e a n dr in e , m e a n dr i n ] m i
a: n - d t a m
' ’
m i ae n d r m , .

m e a n n e s s n ( c on d it i on of b e in g m ea n ) m 1 in - n rs
.
’
.

m e a s l e s n ( d is e a s e ) m I i- z al z
'
. .

m e a s l y a d j ( of m e a sl e s ; con t e m pt ibl e ) m 1 iz l x, m I i-z l r

.
’
-
’
.

m e a s u r e n s iz e ; t a pe r od e t c ; u n it [ a ls o s pe lt m e s u r e ]
.
, , .

m e soe ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) m e e - 3 az
’ ’
.

m e a t n ( f ood ; f l e s h ) m 1 it
. .

m e a t u s n p a s s a ge [ p lu r a l m e a t us m e a t u s e s ] m i c c-t as
.
, .

m e a t u s n ( p lu r a l of m e a t u s ) m i ce - t cu s
’
. .

c: la w , fura: , se c a t , 0 h ot , o r b oy : a : f a r , g o n ow , u : a sk , or k it e ;
l e n gt h m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d 1 n g sou n d rs l on g

s t r e s s -m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g syl l a b l e .
332 DI C T ION ARY O F H A R D WO RD S
m e c h a n i ci a n n .
( m e cha nic , art isan ; on e verst in machine
) m e k o m San
’
ry .

m e c h a n i s t n ( m a chin ist ; m echa n ician ) m e ka-n rs t

’
. .

m e c h a n i s e v [ a ls o sp e lt m e cha n is e ] m e ka-n oxs

’
. .

m e ch l i n n ( l a ce ) m e k u n
.
’
.

m e da l m d i ) m e di m e d al
’
’
11. ( e t a l s k , .

m e da l v . [ pr e s e n t p u rt xc xple m e d al in g, me d al l ing ; past par

t 1 c 1 pl e a nd p r e t e r 1 t m e d a l e d, m e d all e d, me dal d ]
’
me dl .
m e d ol
’
.

m e d a l i s t n on e v e r st in me d a ls ; m ed al -mak er ; r eci pient of

.

a m e d a l [ a l s o s p e lt m e d a ll is t ] m e d i rst , me d a-i zat

’ ’
-
.

m e d a l l i on n ( l a rg e m e d a l , et c ) m r de lie n
’
. . .

m e d d l e v ( in t e r f e r e ) m e di
.
’
.

m e d d l e r 11 ( on e w h o m e d dle s ) m e dl az
.
’
.

M e d i a n a d j ( of t h e M e d e s ) m 1 d 1 i-an
’
. .

m e d i a s t i n u m 11 m e d ia n s e ptu m [ pl ural m e dias ti na ] midi .

ms t oI n a m
’
-
.

m e d i a t i z e v r e d uce t o t h e p osit ion of a m e diat e v assal

.

m e dia t e [ a ls o s p e lt m e dia t is e ] m ri -d i-a-t a rz

’
.

m e d i a t r i c e s n ( p l u r a l of m e d ia tr ix ) m id i o t xa r-s iz
'
- .
.

m e d i a t r i x n f e m al e m e dia t or [ pl ural me dia trice s ] midi e e

'
.

t al k s .

m e d i c ad j ( m e di ca l ) m e d 1 k
’
. .

m [ i -d rk
’
edic pnl a n t
. a l s o s p e l t m e d ic k ] m r .

m e d i ca m e n t n ( c u r a t i v su b s t a n c e )
’
. m e d x-k a -man t
, m r d rlra
’

m ent .

M e d i c e a n a dj ( of t h e M e d ici ) m e d x s ri-ou
’
. .

m e d i c i n a b l e a d j ( m e d ici n a l ) m 1 d xs m o b al , m e d srn o-b el

’
-
.
’
.

m e d i c i n a l a dj ( cu ra t iv ; r e m e d ia l ) n1 1 d 1 3 1 -n l , ( as s u mpt iv ly )
.
’

m 1 d rs 1 n l ; ( or m e r ly ) m e d 1 s 1 - n l
’ ’
f .

m e d i c i n e 11 a rt of cu r i n g d is e a s e , e t c ; r e m e dy ; cu re [ also
. .

m e d icin ] m e d r-sa n , m e d r em , m e dsan ,

’
m cd x-s n ,
’ ’ ’
s p e lt -

m e d sn
’
.

m e d i c i n e r n m r d xs r-n az , m e d xs r-n oz , m e d s x-n oz

’ ’ ’
. .

m e d i e t y n ( m oie t y ) m 1 d a i 1 - t 1
’
-
. .

m e d i e v a l a dj of t h e M idd l e A ge s [ a l so s pe lt m e d iae v a l] mi
.

d i 1 i v al m e d i 1 i- v ol
’ ’
.
,

m e d i e v a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt m e d ia e v a l i e, m e d ia ev a l is e ] m i
. e
°°

d i 1 i- v a l a rz m e d i 1 i v a l e 1 z
’ ’
- - -
.
,

m e di o c r e n m i i i i d i k ’
m i -d i-ok az
’
( d d l n g q .u a l t y) m e o-
a z ,
r ;
( l e ss r o p p
e r l y)
’
m 1 i-di - ok
az .

m e d i o c r i t y 11 ( m e a n s t a t e ; m e die t y ; m e d i ocr e con dit ion )

.

mi d i oks r t t
’
-
.

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 0t h in ; 5 a z u re , 115 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ; .

111 w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 11 u l l , on ool , 1 i t , xi s e e ; f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
33 4 D I CT I O N A R Y O F H A RD WORD S

m e m or i a l i z e v . a dd r es s a m e m oria l t o, et c. [also spe lt me

mor i a l is e ] m 1 m oz-s i-a-l a xz
'
.

m e m or i z e v [ a l s o sp e l t m e mor is e ] m e ma—z a xz
’
. .

m e m o r y n ( m e n t al re t e nt ion ; r ec olle ct ion ) m ema-z r, ( rap

'
.

id ly ) m e m z r
’
.

m e n a c e n ( t h re a t ) m e u rs
’
. .

m e n a d n b accha n t e [ a l s o sp e lt m a e n a d ] m 1i-na d
’
. .

m en a g e n h ou s e k e e ping ; d om e st i c e st a bli sh m e n t [als o

. s pe lt
m an ag e ] m e n a z5
’
.

m e n a g e r i e n ( colle c t ion of w ild a n im a l s ; a n ima l -hou se )

.

'
m 1 ze d 5 9 z 1 , ( a d y )
n - r p i l m x
'
na d 5z 1 ; m x
’
n a e 5 o-s r , m r
'
n az -
se -z l .

m on n i o n 11 v olu m e of t h e G r e e k b re v ia ry [ plura l m en c iol

.

m 1 n ni- on
’
.

m e n h a d e n 11 f is h [ sy n ony m ou s cognat e ma n h ad cn ] man

.

h e e -d n m e n h e e -d an
’ ’
.
,

m e n h i r n ( u p righ t m on u m e n t a l st on e ) m e n -h rs
.
’
.

m e n i a l a dj ( of se rv ice ; d e gr a din g ) m 1 i -u i al , m xi-nj ol

’ ’
—
. .

m e n i n g e s n ( p l u ra l of m e n in x ) m r h ru - d5 iz
’
. .

m e n i n g i t i s n ( in f l a m m a t ion of t h e me m b ra n e s of t he brain
.

o r s p i n a l c or d ) m e n m d sm t 1 s m e n xn d 5 1 i-t t s
’ '
-
.
,

m e n s e s n pl ( m on t h ly di sch a rges ; ca t a m e n ia ) m e n -siz

. .
’
.

m e n s u a l a d j ( of a m on t h ) m e n S u ol , m e n scu -al
' ’
-
. .

m e n s u r a l a dj ( o f m e a s u r e ) m e n S a z ol , m on oco-z al
’ ’
-
. .

m e n s u r a t i o n n ( m e a su r i n g ) m e n Sa z e e San , m e n scu s e e -S
’ ’
.
- an .

m e n t h ol n ( p e pp e r m in t ca m f or ) m e n O ol , m e n O ol , me n
-
.
’
-
’
-
’

G al .

m e n t o r n ( in t im a t e cou n s e l or ) m e n t az , m e n -t oz
.
’ ’
.

m e n u 11 ( b ill of f a r e ) m e n j u u m e e n j u
’ ’
-
. .
,

m e r c a n t i l e a d j of m e rch a n t s [ a l s o s om et im e s , spe lt mer . ,

n m z k a n t rl m oz ka n t a rl nm z k on - t il
'
c a n t il ]
’ ’
- -
.
, ,

m e r c e n a r y a d j ( a c t u a t e d b y g a i n ; h ir e d ; s or d id ) m az s r
.
’

m oz s m a z r ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) m oz s x-n az t
’ ’
n e a r ; ( a ls o ) -
, .

m e r c e r i z e v p r e p a r e f or d y e in g b y t r e at in g w it h caust ic p ot
.

’
as h e,tc [ s a l o sp e
. l t m e r c e r is ]e m n r s o -
z eu z .

m e r c h a n d i s e 11 t r a d e ; c om m od it ie s of com m e r ce [ a l so spe lt
.

on d m z
'
m e r c h a n d is e ] m ne t S -
.

m e r c h a n d i s e v t r a d e [ a l s o s p e l t m e r cha n d ise ] m ozt S

’
. an
dm z .

m e r c i f u l a d j ( h a v in g m e rcy ) m s e s r— f al , m s z s r- f ul
’ ’
. .

m e r cu r i a l a ( l ik e M e rcu ry : sp r igh t ly ; of q u icksilve r )

.

111 13 7 k en z z i a l
' '
- -
.

m e r c u r i a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt m e r e ur ia l is e ] m oz k cu z-s i-a-l a t z
'
. .

m e r c u r y 11 ( q u ick s il v e r ) m nz k eu r r
’ '
-
. .

j ye . e cu r e : Dt h e , 0t h in 5 az u re , ( 15 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w
111 whe n : 13 s 1 11g ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e a ct 11 u ll u u
, , f . fool . 1 i t , 1 i s ee ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e r1 a l A b ut
, :1 : d oor so no . , , e b ed , ee g at e ;
 DI C T ION A R Y O F H ARD W O RD S 335

m or e 11 ( p ool , pon d ) m xzz

. .

m e r e a dj ( p u re ; on ly ) m xzz . .

m e r e t r i c i ou s a dj ( of or like a h arl ot ; s h ow ily a tt ract iv ) .

m ez x t a s
’
.

m e r i n g u e n ( con f e ct ion ) m r z z n, m r z a m
’ ’
.
g .

m e r i s m a t i c a dj ( of ce lls or t is su e s ; d iv i di n g i n t o pa rt s ) .

m e z 1 z m aet 1 k m e z rs m a t xk
’ ’
, .

m e r m a i d n ( f ab l e d cre a tu r e h av in g t h e f or m of a w om a n
.

ab ov e t h e w a is t a n d t h a t of a f is h b e l ow ) m s zz - m e e d
’
.

m e r r i m e n t n ( m e r ry m a kin g m irt h ) m e z r-m a n t

’
.
-
, .

m e r r y a d j p le a s a n t [ a l s o occas ion a lly s p e lt m e r r i e ] m e z r

.
’
, ,
.

m é s a l l i a n c e n ( mi sa llia n ce ) m e z a l i onk s m e z ze l j onk s

’ ’
. .
,

m e s d a m e s n ( plu ral of m a d a m e ; su b st rt u t rv pl u ra l of M rs )
. .

m e d a zm
’
.

m e s d e m oi s e l l e s n ( pl ur al of ma d em ois ell e ) m e d s m s z e l ,
’
.

m e da m w o z el
’
-
.

m e s e n c e p h a l i c ad j ( of t h e m e se n ceph a l on ) m e s-e n s x faeh k ,

-
’
.

m e s s n s e f o-h k
’
.

m e s e n t e r y n ( f old of t he pe rit on e u m in v e st in g t h e i n t e s
.

t in e t c ) m e s on t e e r, m e z on -t e z x
’ ’
-
. .
,

m e s i a l a dj ( of t h e m idd l e l in e ) m xi-z i al , m e s i-al , m 1 i 5 el ,

.
’
-
’ ’
-

m e z i ol
’
-
.

m e s m e r i z e v h yp n ot i z e [ a ls o sp e lt m es m er is e ] m e z m s z a xz
.
’
-
.

m e s n e a d j ( I n l a w m e a n m id d l e ) m 1 i n
.
, , .

m e s o d e r m n ( m id dl e t issu e ; m e s ob la s t ) m e ss d s zz m m e z a
’
.
’
-
,

d ozz m .

M e s o z o i c a dj ( of m iddl e a n im a l l i f e ) m e s o z oo rk
’
-
. .

m e s q u i t e n t r e e [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s m e s q u i t m es q u it e ]
. ,

m l s k xi t l , m e s k it m e s k l it
' ' ’
- -
, .

’
M e s s r s n pl M e s s ie u r s ( s u b st rt u t rv pl u ral of M r ) m e saz z
. . . . ,

m e scs z z , m e S
’
meS
’
j az z
’
az z , .

m e s s u a g e n ( d w e l li n g h ou s e ) m e s w 1 d5
’
-
. .

m e s t e e n m e st iz o [ sy n on ym ou s cog n a t e m u s t e e ] m rs t ri, m e s
’
.

t 1i
'
.

m e t a b ol i c a dj ( of m e t ab olis m ) m e t a b ol rk ’
. .

m e t a b ol i s m n ( ch a n ge t r a n s f or m a t i on ) m r tae b a h z a m
’
-
. .
,

m e t a c e n t e r n ce n t e r of cav it y [ a l s o sp el t m e t a ce n t r e ] m e t a
.

m e t s s e n t az
’ ’
s e n t az ,
-
.

m e t a l n ( s u b st a n c e ; b alla st ) m e t i m e t al
.
’ ’
, .

m e t a l e d a dj cov e r d w it h m e t a l [ al s o sp e lt m e t a l l e d m e t al d ]
.
,

m e tl d m e t s ld
’ ’
.
,

m e t a l i n g n r oa d m e t a l ; m et al -w or k [ a l s o sp e lt m e ta ll in g]
.
-

m e t i n) m e t a l n)
’ ’
- -
, .

c: la w fu r
, a: , se c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow 3 : a s k
h ot , or , , or ki t e ;
l e n gt h m a rk -
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d 1 5 l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e s t r e s s on t h e f ol l ow m g f s y l la b l e .
336 DICTION ARY OF H ARD WORD S

m e t a l i st n. [ a l s o s pe l t m e ta ll is t ] m e t l xst , m e t a-i l et
’
-
’
.

m et al l iz e v . [ a l so sp e l t m e t a llis e an d, f orm e r ly , m e talis c]

m e t l- e 1 z m e t o-l a rz
’ ’
.
,

m e t a l l o g r a p h i c a dj m x-ta l a gz a k , m et l —o gsa f rk
’ ’
. .

m e t a l l o g r a p h y n ( d escr ipt iv s t u dy of m et als ) m e t l egza-f r, '

.

m e t e l ogz a i l
'
-
.

m e t a l l u r g i c a dj m e t l s z d 5 1 k , m e t a l s z d5 1 k
’ '
. .

m e t a l l u r g i s t n m e t l-oz d5 xst , m e t a-l oz d5 rst

’ ’
. .

m e t a l l u r g y 11 ( a r t of w orki ng me ta ls , smel t i ng , re fining,

.

m e t i -s z d 5 1 , m e t a-l s z d5 r
’
e tc )
’
. .

m e t a m e r i c a dj ( h a v in g m e t a m e rism ; of m e t a m er e s ) me t a .

m e e 1k
’
.

m e t a m e r i sm n f m f i m i m m m -s rz am
( )
’
a or o s o e r s x t z. a ,

m e t om a-z rz a m
’
.

m e t a m e r i z e d v [ a l so spe lt me ta mer is e d ] mr t c ma-s urz d . ’

.

m e t om s -z e xz d
’
.

m e t a m o r p h i z e v ( ob s ol e t e ) m et a m orp hose [ al s o spe lt m e t a .

m or ph is e ] m e t s m ozz -f a rz
’
.

m e t a m o r p h os e v ( ch a n ge i n f orm ) m e t a m ozz -f cs , me n
’
.

m ozz - f oz
’
.

m e t a m o r p h o s i s n cha n gi n g in f orm , e t c [ pl ural me t am or . .

] m f a sm
’
p h o s e s e t o m o z z - -
.

m e t a p h o r n ( im p l ie d com pa ri s on b y t ra n s fe r e n ce of t e rm s )
.

m e t o- f az
’
.

m e t a s t a s i s n t r a n s f e r e n ce , t r a n s f or ma t ion [ plur al m e t as t a
.

s e s ] m 1 t ae s t a s 1 s
'
-
.

m e t a t a r s a l a dj ( of t h e m e t a t arsu s or gr ou p of b on e s b e .

t w e e n t h e t a r su s a n d t h e t oe s ) m e t a t us sal , m e t a t oz ss l
’ ’
-
.

m e t a t h e s i s n i n t e r ch a n g e [ p l u ra l m e t a t h es es ] m 1 t a 01-srs
.
’
.

m e t e v , n ( m e a su r e ) m 1 it
. . .

m e t e m p s y c h o s i s n ( t ra n s m igr at ion of t h e s ou l ) m r-t e ms r .

koo s rs m 1 t e 1n p s r koo 5 1 s
’ ’
- - -
.
,

m e t e o r n ( at m osph e ric p h e n om e n on ; f ir e b a ll ; shooti n g st a r )

.

’
m 1 i t i- s e -
.

m e t e o r o l i t e n ( m e t e orit e ) m xi- t i- s z a-l ort , m it i oz o-l a xt

’ ’
. .

m ot or 11 ( on e w h o m e a su r e s ) m ri- t az
.
’
.

m ot or 11 m e a su ri n g d e v ice [ al s o, r a r e ly , sp e lt m e t r e ] mri
.
-
’

t az .

m e t e r n f or m of p oe t ic r hyt h m ; f orm of v e rse [ al so

. sp e l t
m e tr e ] m I i t oz
’
-
.

m e t e r n m e t r ic u n it [ a ls o sp e l t m e t r e ] m 1 i-t az
.
’
.

m e t h o d i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t m e t h od is e ] m e O a d orz
’
.
-
.

m e t h o l n ( liq u i d ) m e O ol m e O ol
’
.
-
,
’
-
.

j c cu t e : 0t h e
ye , 0t h i n : 3 a z u r e d 5 j oy ; S s h oe , t S h e w : . ,
c
111 w h e n ; 1) sw y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , 1 i t , 1 1 se e ; f f
0 p oe t 1 e ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , 00 n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
 338 Di C T IO NA R Y O F HARD W ORD S

m i cr on m illion t h of a m e t e r [ a ls o sp e l t m i kr on ] m a x- ks on ,
n.
’

’
f
( l e ss o t e n ) m x ks on -
.

m i c r o s c o p e n ( m a g n i fy in g- in s t ru m e n t f or l ook in g a t mi
.

111a 1 k s a s k op ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly )
’
n u t e ob j e c t s ) m xks o- s k op
'
- -
.

m i c o s o p i c a dj m k s s sk op 1 k ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly ) m i ke s
'
r c a x-
.

s k op xk
'
.

m s r-ks a-sk op xs t ,
’
m i cr osc op i s t m e 1 ks osk a-p 1 st ,
’
n . mx
k s os k o- p l st
’
.

m i c r o s c o p y 11 ( a rt or p ra ct i s of u si n g t h e m icrosc ope ) m a t
.

ks os k s - p 1 , m m ks a- s kop x
’ ’
-
.

m i d d l e -a g e d a d j m xd l e e d 5 d m l d l e e d 5 d
' '
-
. , .

m i d r i f f n t h e d ia p h r a g m [ a l s o f or m e rly , sp e lt m idr if ] m rd
.
’
,

Zl f .

m i d s u m m e r n m 1 d - 5 Am az m 1 d 5 A m az
’ ’
.
. ,

m i d w i f e 11 ( f e m a le a cc ou c h e u r ) m 1 d - w c11 f
’
. .

m i d w i f e r y n m I d - w m fm 111 1 d -w 1 f3 1
' ’
—
. , .

m i d w i n t e r n m 1 d w 1 n t az m 1 d w m t e z
' ’
-
. , .

m i e n n ( m a n n e r , l ook b e a r i n g ) m 1 in
. , .

m i g h t 11 ( p ow e r ) m a 1 t . .

m i g h t v ( p r e t e r 1 t of m a y ) m a rt
. .

m i g n o n e t t e n ( p l a n t ; c olor ; l a ce ) m 1 n j s n e t
’
. .

m i k a d o n ( e m p e r or o f J a p a n ) m 1 ku z- d o
’
. .

m i l a d y n m y l a d y [ a l s o s p e l t m il a d i ] m x l e e -d x
’
. .

m i l c h a d j ( g iv i n g m il k ) m 1 i t S 111 115
.
, .

m i l d e w n ( d ow n y g r ow t h o f f u n g u s ) m xl - dj u
’
. .

m i l e a g e n ( ra t e p e r m il e ; d is t a n ce or e x t e n t i n m ile s ) m e x
.
’

l i ds .

m i l i a r y a dj ( lik e m ill e t s e e d ) m xl i e z x m 1 l i - az r, m xl i-az x.

' ’ '
- -
.
,

m 1 l ia - z r
' '
m 1 l i acz 1-
, .

m i l i t a r y a dj ( o f s ol d ie r s ; o f t h e a r m y ) m 1 l x t e e r ; ( als o)
’
-
.

( a s s u m pt iv ly ) 111 1 l 1 t 9 3 1 ; ( r a p idly ) m xh t gl
’ ' ’
n1 1 11 t o z 1 -
,
- -
.

m i l i t i a 11 ( m il it a ry f or c e ; c it i z e n a r m y ; a u x il ia r y f orce s )
.

11 1 1 11 S
'
a .

m i l l e d a dj g r ou n d o r t r e a t e d b y a m ill ; s e r r a t e d [ a ls o s p e lt
.

m il d ] 111 1 l d .

m i l l e n n i u m n p e r iod o f a t h ou s a n d y e a r s e t c [ p l u r a l m il
.
, .

l e n n i u m s m il l e n n ia l n 1 1 l e n i a 1n
’
-
.
.

m i l l e p e d e n t h ou sa n d l e g s a m v r ia p od ; c r u s t a c e a n [ a l s o
.
-
,

s p e l t m ill ipe d e ; s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e m il l e pod ]

'
m 1 l 1 - p id .

m i l l e t n ( pl a n t ) m l l l t
’
. .

’ ’
m i l l i a r y a dj ( of a m il e ) m 1 l i e z 1 m rl i a e r
'
. m rl i oz x - '

,
- -
,
-
.

m i l l i g r a m 11 t h ou s a n d t h o f a gr a m [ a l s o s p e l t m il l ig r a m m e ]
.

111 1 11 gz mm
’
-
.

j ye , c cu r e ; b t h e 0 t h i n ; 5 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc h e w ;
.

111 w h e n ; 1) 5 1 119 ; 11 w h o e v e r 1 r e a c t , 0 u ll , on f o ol 1 it , 11 se e ; ,
.

f .

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 39

m i l l il i t er n. t h ou s a n d t h of a lit e r [ a lso sp e l t m ill il i t r e ]

l I - l I i- t oz
’
nu .

m i l l i m e t e r n t h ou s a n d t h of a m e t e r [ a l s o s p e lt m ill i m e t r e ]
.

m xl i m xi- t oz
’
-
.

m i l l i n e r y n ( g ood s or t ra d e of a m ill in e r ; h e a dg e a r , e t c )
. .

m 1 11 n s z x
’ ’
n u l x n e e r, - -
.

m i l l i o n a i r e 11 p e r s on p oss e s t of a m ill i on of m on e y [ a ls o,
.

f y
o r m e r l , s p e l t m il l i o n n a ir e ] m l l ia n e zz ,
’ ’
m l l io- n e zz .

m i l o r d n ( m y l or d ) m xl ozz d
'
. .

m i l r e i s n ( c oi n ) m l l z e s , m xl -z is
’ ’
-
. .

m i m e n ( i m i t a t or ; m i m ic ) m e xm
. .

m i m e o g r a p h n ( s t e n cil i n g p r oce s s f or r e du p l icat in g l e tt e r s,

.

e tc ) m i m i a - gz e zf
’
-
. .

m i m e t i c a d j ( of m im ic r or im it a t ion ) m a x m e t xk , m r m e t xk
.
’ ’
y .

m i m i c v i m i t a t e [ p r e s e n t p a r t rc xp l e m i m ic k i n g ; p a s t pa r t 1
.

c xp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t m i m ic k e d , m i m i c t ] m 1 m 1k
’
.

m i m i c k e r n ( on e w h o or t h a t w h ic h m i m ics ) m 1 m 1 - koz
’
. .

m i m i c r y n ( i m i t a t i n g ) m 1 n 1 1 ks 1
’
.
-
.

m i m o s a n ( p la n t ) m 1 m oo z a , m 1 m oo s a , m a r m a c -s e
’ ’ ’
- -
.
.

m i n a r e t n ( s l e n d e r t ow e r ) m xn a z e t , m 1 n a z e t , m m s -z xt
’ ’ ’
-
. .

m i n a t o r y a d j ( t h r e a t e n i n g ) m m s - t ae r
’
. .

m i n e r 11 ( on e w h o m in e s ; on e w h o l a s m in e s ; in s e ct ; pl ow )
. y
’
m a 1 n oz -
.

m i n e r a l n a dj m 1 n a z s l , ( r a i d ly ) m m z al
’
-
.
,
’
. p .

m i n e r a l i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t m i n e r a l is e ] m xn az a l e xz
’
-
. .

m i n e r a l o g y 11 ( sc i e n ce of m in e r a l s ) m 1 n a z a l s - d 5 1 ; ( err o
’

n e o u s ly ) n u n s z ol s d sl -
.

m i n i a t u r e n ( p ic t u r e ) m m i s t S m m i a t cu z , m 1 n 1 -t cuz
’ ’ ’
-
uz , .
— - —
.

M i n i e a dj ( i n M in ié b a l l b u l l e t, r i l e ) m xn i e
*
.
’
,
f -
.

m i n i m i z e v r e d u ce t o a m i n i m u m [ a l s o s p e lt m in im is e ]
.

m m x mal z
’
-
.

m i n i m u m 11 s m a l l e s t or l e a s t a m ou n t ; l ow e s t de g r e e [ p l u r a l
.

m im m a ] m m x m om
’
-
.

m i n n e s i n g e r n ( l ov e s in ge r , on e of a c la s s of G e r m a n l r ic .
-
y
p oe t s a n d s i n g e r s o f t h e t w e l t h a n d t h i r t e e n t h c e n t u r i e s ) f
m m I s moz
’
-
.

m i n n o w 11 ( f is h ) m rn o
’
. .

m i n o r 11 ( p e r s o n u n d e r a ge ) m a r- n oz
.
’
.

m i n o r i t y 11 ( s t a t e of b e i n g m i n or ; s m a l l e r n u m b e r or p a rt )
.

’
m a x n o z x t x 111 x u e z x t 1
’
- -
.
,

M i n o t a u r n ( f a b u l ou s b u ll- h e a d e d m a n ) m m a t e ze
’
-
. .

m i n s t r e l s y 11 ( a r t of a m in s t r e l ; b od of m i n st r e l s )
.
’
m ra y
s t ra i s r -
.

c: la w f ur
, a: ,
ze c a t . o b oy ; a : f or a u n ow , u : a s k , a t ki t e ;
h ot , or ,

le n g t h m a r k-
1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d 18 l on g ;
st r e ss m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e ss on t h e f ol low xn g sylla b l e,
3 4
0 DI CTI ON AR Y O F HA RD WORD S
m i n u e n d n ( t h e n u m b e r f rom w h ich a n ot h e r n u mb e r is sub
.

m j u e nd
’
t r a ct e d ) 1 n -
.

m i n u e t n ( sl ow , s t a t e ly d a n ce ; m u s ic) m xnj u -e t , m 1 nj u e t
’
’
. .

m i n u s a dj ( l e ss ) m a x- n a s
’
. .

m i n u s c u l e a dj ( s m a l l ; l ow e r-case : s a id of l e tt e rs ) mr nA
.
’

s k eu l .

m i n u t e 11 ( u n it of t im e ; sixt ie t h of a d e gre e ; n ot e ) m 1 n 1 t
’
. .

m i n u t e a dj ( v e ry s m a ll ) m 1 n j uu t , m a x n j uu t
’ ’
. .

m i n u t e l y a dj ( h a p pe n i ng e v e ry m in u t e ) m 1 n 1 -t z 1
’
. .

m i n u t e l y a d v ( e xact ly ; v e ry f in e ly ) m 1 nj uu -t z 1 , ( a n t erior
’
.

ly ) m x n j u t u
’
.

m i n u t e n e s s n ( s m a ll n e ss ; e xact n e s s ) m 1 n j uut -n 1 s
’
. .

m i n u t i a n p r e ci se d e t a il ; t r iv ia l m a t t e r [pl ura l min u t iae ]

.

o, m 1 n j u u - S
'
m l nj uu - S i- o
’
.

m i n u t i a e n ( p lu r a l of m in u t ia ) m 1 n j uu - Si-i
’
.

M i o c e n e a dj n e w r e ce n t [ a ls o s p e l t M e i oce n e ]
. ,
’
m ai-a-si n .

m i r a c u l i z e v m a ke m ir a cu l ou s [ a ls o s p e lt m ir ac ul is e ] m x
.

e k qu l m z
’
za -
.

m i r a c u l o u s a dj ( of t h e n at u re of a m ir a cle ; w ond e r-w ork

.

’
i n g ) m 1 z ae k eu l os -
.

m i r a g e n ( op t ica l i ll us i on ) m 1 z oz5
’
. .

m i r r o r 11 ( lookin g- gl a s s ) m 1 e oz
’
. .

m i s a l l i a n c e n ( im p r op e r a ll i a n ce or u n ion ) m 1 as i s i -a n s
'
. .

m i s a n t h r op e n m m m rsa n
’
( h a t e r o f a n ki n d ; . a n -h a e
t r)
O s op .

’
m i s a n t h r o p i c a dj nu sa n O s op 1 k . .

m i s a n t h r o p i s t n ( m isa n t h r op e ) m 1 s a n es o-p 1 8 t
’
. .

m i s a n t h r o p i z e v b e or ca u s e t o b e , a m isa n t h rop e [also .

s p e lt m is a n t h r op is e ] nu s a
'
e n O s o- p m z .

m i s a n t h r o p y n ( h a t r e d of m a n ki n d ) m 1 s aen O sa -p 1
’
. .

m i s b e h a v i o r 11 [ a l s o sp e l t m is b e h a v i ou r ] m xs-b r h e e -v iaz
'
. .

m i s c e g e n a t i o n n ( r ace - m ix t u re ) m 1 5 1 d 5 1 n e e - S
’
. an .

m i s c e l l a n e o u s a dj ( m ix t ) m 1 s 1 l e e - u i os , m xs l e e -u i-a s
’ ’
-
. .

m i s ce l l a n i st n m l e n rst , m x
’
( w r i t e r o f m is c e l l a n.i e s ) xs x-

'
s e ls - n l st .

m i s c e l l a n y n ( m ixt u r e , m e d l e y ) m rs l - l e m , m xs r- l an r, m 1
’ ’
.

’
s e la m -
.

m i s ch i e f n ( h a r m e t c ) m rst 51 f , m I S
’
tS
’
. If ,
. .

m i s c h i e v e v a r c h a ic ( s u ff e r h a r m ; a ff lict w it h m i s f ort u n e )
.

m xs t S1 iv
’
.

m i s c h i e v o u s a dj ( . f u ll ofm is c h i e f )
’
m 1 5 t S1 v os m 1 5t 51 -v os ;
-
,
’

f
( or m e r ly a n d n ow ,
d ia l e c t a l ly a n d v u lg a r l y ) m 1 s t S
’
I i -v a s .

m i s ch i e v o u s l y a dv S I i-v a s-l x
’
11 ; ( v u lg a r ly ) m l s t S
’
. 111 1 s t 1v as - .

j y e , e cu r e ; it t h e , 6 t h i n ; 5 az u r e , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t S h e w ; c
111 w h e n ; 11 s i n g ; u w h o e v e r , 1 r e act 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , 1 1 s e e ;
.

. f f
0 p oet ic ; a ov e r, e a e ri a l, A b ut , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
 4
3 2 DICTIONARY O F H ARD WORD S
m i s s p e l l v [ a ls o s p e lt m is s p e ll ] m rs spe l
.
-
’
.

m i s s p e n d v [ a ls o s p e lt m is s p e n d ] m rs s pe n d
’
-
. .

m i s s t a t e v [ a ls o s p e lt m 1s s t a t e ] m 1 s st e e t
'
’
-
. .

m i s s t e p v [ a l s o s p e l t m is s t e p ] m xs s t e p
’
-
. .

m i s s y n l it t l e m iss ; g i rl [ a ls o sp e lt m is s e y m is s ie ] m rs r
.
’
, .

m i s t a k e 11 ( e r r or f a u lt ) m 1 st e e k
'
. , .

m i s t a k e v ( d o w r on g ; m a k e a m ist a k e ; e rr ) m 1 st e e k ; ( t ak e
.
’

f or s om e t h i n g e l s e ) m 1 s t e e k m 1 s t e e k c om pa r e m is t ook
’ ’
.
, .

m i s t l e t o e n p l a n t [ a l s o f or m e r ly sp e lt 111iss e l t oe m is e l t oe
.
, , , ,

m is l e t oe m is t e l t o] m xss l t o m 1 s l t o m rz l -t o
’ ’ ’
- —
, , , .

m i s t o o k v ( p r e t e r 1 t of m is t a k e m t h e se n se of t a ke f or
.
,

s om e t h in g e ls e ) m 1 s t u k m 1 s t u k
’ ’
.
,

m i s t r a l n ( w i n d ) m 1 s t gal m xs t gozl
’ ’
. , .

m i s t r e s s n ( w om a n w h o r u le s , e t c ; i n s t ru ct r e ss ;
. . s w e e t h e ar t )
'
n 1 1 s t grs .

m i s t r i a l n ( in c on clu s iv t r ia l ) m 1 s t ge i- al
’
. .

m i s u s e v ( u s e w r on gl y ) m xs j uu z , m I Sj uu z
’ ’
. .

m i t e n ( a c a r id ) m a rt
. .

m i t e n ( coi n ) m en t
. .

m it er v m a ll s e n s e s [ a l s o sp e l t m it r e ; a s v e rb , p ast por
.

t 1 c xp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t m i t e r e d m it e r d ] m a 1 - t az
’
.
,

m i t o s i s 11 s p l i t t in g of n u cl e a r t h r e a d s i n i n d ir ect ce ll-div i
.

m 1 t oo s rs
’
s i on [ p l u r a l m it os e s ] m a l t oo- S I S
’
-
.
,

m i t r i f o r m a dj ( m it e r s h a p e d ) m e x-t gx- f ozz m , m rt xr- f ozz m

’ ’
-
. .

m i t t n ( s h ort f i n g e r d g l ov e ) m 1 t
.
-
.

m i t t e n n ( h a n d c ov e r i n g ) 111 1 t n m 1 t a n ; ( d ia l ec t a lly ) m t t xn
’ ’ ’
-
.
, .

m i x t u r e 11 ( m i x i n g ; m e d l e y ) m 1 k s t S m IkS
tS
’ ’
. az ez , .

m n e m o n i c a d j ( a id i n g t h e m e m ory ; of m e m ory ) n r m on xk
’
.
.

m o a d v a dj m or e l on g e r ag a i n [ a l s o s p e lt m oe ] moo
. , .
, , .

m o a n ( e x t in ct b i rd ) m oo- o
’
.

m o a t n ( d it c h ) m oot
. .

m o b i l e a dj ( m ov a b l e f r e e ; m ov in g e a s ily ; v e rs a t il ) moo
.
’
,

m ob 1l m o b 1 il ( r a r e ly ) m oo b a xl
’
b i] m oo b 1l
’ ’ ’
- -
, , , , .

m o b i l e 11 ( p opu l a ce r a b b l e m ob ) m oo b r l x m ob 1 -l 1
’ ’
- -
. , , ,

m ob i l i z a t i o n 11 [ a l s o s p i l t m ob il is a t ion ] m ob xl x z e e - S
. on ,
m ob r l u r z e e S on m ob 1 h z e e S
’ ’
-
on -
,
-
.

m o b i l i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt m ob il is e ] m oo b I l m z m ob 1 -l a 1 z
’ ’
- -
. , .

m ob l e v ( a r c h a ic ) m u f f le ( t h e f a c e ) m ob [ a ls o s p e l t m obb l e ]
.

’ ’
m ob a l : ( i m pr ope r ly ) m oo b ol -
.

m o c c a s i n n s h o e ; s n a k e [ a l s o s om e t im e s s pe lt m occ as on ]
.
, ,

m ok o s m
’
m ok o s n
’ ’
m ok o s on
-
,
-
,
-
.

m o c h a n ( c o f f e e ) m oo k o
’
.
-
.

m o c k e r y 11 ( d e r is i o n ; m i m ic r y : f u t il a ct ion ) m oka -Z I
.
’
.

j ye , c cu t e : )
1 the . O t h ind 5 j oy ; Ss h oe t Sc h e w ;
z 5 a z u re .
,

11 f u ll o n f o ol
.

111 w he n : 1] s l u g ; 11 w h o e v e r 1 r e a ct . 1 it 1 i se e ; . , , ,

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , 0 a e ri a l A b u t , a : d oor s o no
, e b e d , c c ga t e ; , ,
 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 3 4
m m od e or m a n n e r ) m oo d l m oo d al
’ ’
od a l a dj
( . of a -
,
-
.

m od e n ( m u s ic a l s ca le ; w a y ; m e t h od ; f or m ; m a n n e r ; v a
.

r i e t y ; m ood ) m ood .

m od e l v f a s h ion in clay , e t c ; f or m [ pr e se n t purt 1c 1 pl e m o

. .

d e li n g m od e l l in g ; p a s t p u r t 1 c xple a n d p r e t e r 1 t m od e l e d, m o
,

d e ll e d m o d e l d ] m od l m od al
’ ’
, , .

m [ l m ]
’
m m d
’
o d e l e r 11 a l s o s p e .t o d e l l e r o d l -
oz o s -
lsz , .

m o d e r a t e a dj m od o z at ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) m od az a t ; ( r a p id ly )
’ ’
-
. ,
’
m od t at .

m o d e r a t o a dv ( m o d e ra t e l y ) m o d a
.
’
z u z-
to .

m o d e r a t or n ( ru l e r ; a rb it e r ; ch a i r m a n ; r e gu la t or ) m od o
.
’

z e t oz .

m od e r n i z a t i o n n [ a ls o s p e l t m od e r n is a t ion ] m od az n x z e e
.
’

S , m Sa n
’
o n o d a z n e x z e e - -
.

m o d e r n i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt m od e r n is e ] m od az - n a xz
’
. .

m o d e s t a dj ( u n a s s u m in g ; d e cor ou s , e t c ) m od xs t
.
’
. .

m o d i c u m 11 ( s m a l l q u a n t it ) m od I- k s m
.
’
y .

m o d i l l i o n n b r ac ke t [ a l s o s p e lt m od i ll on ] m o d xl is n
'
.

m o d i o l a r a dj ( of t h e m od iol u s of t h e e a r ) m o d a i a-l oz ;
’
-
.

( l e s s r o e r p p
l y)
’
m o o -
d i -
a -
l oz .

m o d i s t e n ( m il l in e r ; d r e ss m a k e r ) m o d xis t ’
. .

m o d u l a t e n ( a d j u s t , r e gu l a t e ) m od 5 s l e t , m od j u- l e t
’ ’
-
. .

m o d u l e 11 ( u n i t or s t a n d a r d of m e a su r e ) m o d j u l
’
-
. .

m o d u s o p e r a n d i n ( m od e or p l a n f or w ork in g ) m oo- d as .

’
op s z a e n d ar -
.

m o d u s v i v e n d i n ( m od e or w a y of l iv in g ) m oo-d a s- w v e n ’
.

dar .

m o e l l o n n ( ru b b le ) m oo- r l s n m w e l on
’ ’
—
. .

M o e s o g o t h n a G ot h of M oe s 1 a [ a ls o s p e l t M oe s og ot h ] m 1 i
.
’

s o g oG
-
.

m o f e t t e n g a s e ou s e x h a l a t ion ; i s su r e [ a ls o s pe lt m o e t t e ]
’
. f ff
m o fet .

m o f f n s p e c ia l p a ir of com pa s se s [ al s o sp e lt m o h ] m ozf ,
. p
m of .

m o f u s s i l n ( cou n t r ) m o f A s 1 l .
’
y .

M o g u l n ( M on g ol ; G r e a t M ogu l , e t c ) m o gA l
.
’
. .

M o h a m m e d a n a dj n [ s n on m ou s c og n a t e s M a h om e d a n , .
, . y y
M oh a m m a d a n M u h a m m a d a n , M a h om e t a n ] m o h ze m 1 - d a , m o
’
,
’
h ae m I - d on .

M o h i c a n n [ s n on m ou s c og n a t e M oh e g a n ] m o h 1 i- k s n
.
’
y y .

m o i d e r v c on f u s e ; t oil [ s n on m ou s cog n a t e m oi t h e r ] m or
.
’
y y
d oe .

m o i d o r e n ( c oi n ) m o r d ozz ’
.
—
.

c: law fu r
, a: , e cat , 0
a h ot b oy : ( 1: f a r g o n ow , u: a s k , e 1 kit e ;
, o1 ,

le n gt h m a r k -
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d r s l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn
g syll ab le .
 3 4
4 DI CTI ON AR Y O F H ARD WORD S
m oi e t y n ( h a l f ) m oi r-t x; ( im p r op er ly) moo-x-t x
.
’
-
’
.

m o i r e n ( w a t e rd or clou d ed s ilk ) m w ozz maze

.
, .

m oi r é a dj ( w a t e r d ; cl ou d e d ) m w o z e e m o z e e
’ ’
. , .

m oi s t e n v m a k e m ois t ; d a m pe n [p ast port 1 c1 ple an d prot

.

e r 1 t m ois t e n e d m ois t e n d ] m o1 - ss n m e x s n
’ ’
-
.
, ,

m ol a r a dj ( gr i n d in g of t h e gri n d e r s ) moo-l az
’
.
.
,

m ol a r a dj ( of m a ss ; i n b u lk ) m oo-l oz
’
. .

m ol a s s e s n ( sy ru p d r a in d fr om ra w su g a r ) ma l az-srz . ma
’
.

'
la s rz .

m ol d n s of t e a r t h [ a l so s pe lt m ou l d ] m ool d
. .

m ol d v g r ow m u s t y [ a l s o s p e lt m ou l d ] m oul d
. .

m ol d n f u n gu s ; m u cor [ a l s o s p e lt m o uld ] m ool d

. .

m ol d 11 f or m ; ca s t ; m a t ri x [ a ls o sp e lt m ou l d] mool d
. .

m ol d e r 11 on e w h o m old s or ca st s [ a ls o sp e l t moul der ] maol

.
’

d oe .

m ol d e r v t u r n t o d u st ; d e cay [ a l so s pe lt m oul d er ; p ast por

.

l m m d az
’
t 1 c 1 p e a n d p tr e e r 1 t m o d er
l e d o l d er ] d oo l -
, .

m ol d i n e s s 11 [ a ls o s p e l t m ou l d ine s s ] m ool -d x- n l s
.
’
.

m ol d i n g 11 [ a ls o s p e l t m ou l d in g ] m ool - d n)
.
’
.

m ol d y a d j m u st y [ a l s o sp e lt m ou l d y ] m ool- d r
.
’
.

m o l e c u l a r a dj ( of m ol e cu le s ) m a l e keu-l az , m o l e k cu-l ez
’ '
. .

m ol e c u l e 11 ( p a r t icle ; gr ou p of a t om s ) m ol r k cu l , moo-l r
’ ’
-
.

k cu l .

m ol e s t v ( v e x a n n oy ; m e d d l e w it h ) m o l e st , mo le st '
'
.
, .

m ol e s t a t i o n 11 m ol xs t e e - Sa n m ol xs t e e - S
’ ’
. an , .

m ol i n e a dj of a m il l [ a l s o s om e t i m e s , s pe l t m ol in ] moo-l rn ,
.
’
,

m o l am
’
.

m ol i n i s m n ( d oc t r i n of M ol in os ; q u ie t is m ) moo-l r-n xz a m ,
.
’

m ol I - m z om
’

m o l l i e n t a dj ( s oft e n i n g ) m ol ion t m ol i- an t
’
.
’
, .

m ol l u s k n s o f t - b od i e d a n im a l a s a n oy s t e r [ a lso spe lt mol

. ,

l u s c ] 1n ol os k
’
.

m o l t v s h e d c a st [ a l s o s p e lt m ou l t ] m ool t
.
, .

m o l y b d e n u m n ( m e t a l ) m s l 1 b d 1 - n a m m ol 1 b d 1 i-n om
’ ’
. .
,

m om e n t 11 ( p or t ion or p oi n t of t im e ; in s t a n t ) m oo-ma nt ,
.
’

( w h e n l e s s s t r e s t ) m om a n t
’
.

m om e n t a r y a dj ’
m oo- m s n t e a ; ( als o) m oo-m an t a-z x, ( as
.
’
-

s u m t i
p v y)l
’
m oo m s n t ae r ( a
r p id l y)
’
m oo --
m a n t gr
-
, .

m o n a c h a l a dj of a m on k [ a l s o s p e lt m on a ca l ] m on a- kal
.
’
.

m o n a d n ( on e ; u n i t y ; s im pl e or ga n is m ) m oo nmd , m e
’ ’
-
.

m on od
’
n ze d , .

m o n a d i c a d j ( of m on a d s or u n it s ) m o n md xk m o nazd xk
’ ’
.
, .

m o n a r c h i c a dj ( o f a g ov e r n m e n t or m on a r ch y ) m a n oz k xk
.
’
.

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h in ; 5 az u r e , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc hew ;
,

111 w h e n ; 13 s i n g ; u w h oe v e r
°
i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , ri m ; , f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d . e e gat e ;
 4
3 6 DI CTI ON AR Y O F H ARD W O RDS
pl a n t ; h a v i n g t h e se x e s t oge t h e r [ al so sp e lt mon ecious ] ma
S m o u ri Sas
n ri- as ,
' '
-
.

m on o g a m y n ( t h e p ra ct is of ma rr y in g on ly once : oppose d
.

t o d iga my ; a ls o t h e p ra ct i s of m a rr yi n g on ly on e pe rson at
,

im m p yg y) m m og mx
’
a t e : app os e d i
t o b ga y a n d o l a o n a - .

m o og e y
n n n ( d e sc e t
n f r om a s
. i n g l e p a ir ) m od s a r
a
’
n r- .

m on og on y n ( ase xu a l re p r odu ct ion , agam oge n e sis ) ma n e ga

.
’

11 1.

m on o g r a m ( w r it t e n c ha ra ct e r
n . com pos e d of t w o or m ore
l e t t e rs m
co b i n e d ) m on a - e sem
q ;
’
( les s p r oper ly) ’
moo-na
gz ae m .

m on o g r a p h 11 ( s e pa ra t e t re a t is on
. a s ingl e su b ect j ) m e na
’

ge e zf ; ( l ess p r op er ly ) m oo n a gz a zf ’
- -
.

m on ol o g u e 11 . s om e t h i n g s p ok e n b y on e p ers on al one ; dra

m a t ic m m
’
l l g] ( l ess pr op
-l o
s ol il oq u y [ a l so sp e t on o o on a g;
)
e r ly m o
’
o -
n o -
l og .

m o n o m a n i a n ( m a n ia f or on é t h in g ; cra z iness on one sub

.

m m -n i
m
’
j et ) m i a
’
c o n s e e a o n a e e -u - -
, .

m o n o m a n i a c n ( on e h a v in g m on om a n ia ) me na me e -ni-n lt ,
.
’

m c n a m e e - u i azk
’
-
.

m o n o p h t h o n g 11 ( si n gl e v ow e l s ou n d ) m ona f-Oozi) ; ( less

’
.

p r op e r ly ) m a n of G ozi) m a n op- O ozr)

’ ’
-
, .

m o n o p o l i z e v [ a l s o s pe l t m on op ol is e ] m a n opa-l s rz
.
’
.

m o n o p o l y n ( e x clu si v p osse s si on or p ri v i le ge ) ma ne pa-i r,

.
’

( r a p i d ly ) m o n op u
’
.

m on o p t o t e n ( n ou n occu r r i n g in a s i ngle ob liq ue ca se )

.

m on ap- t ot ; ( l e s s p r ope r ly ) m a n op- t ot

’ ’
.

m on or h i n e a d j h a v in g a s i n gl e n a s a l pa ssa ge only [ a lso

.

s p e lt m on or r h in e ] m on a z a m
’
-
.

m on o s y l l a b i c a dj ( c on s is t in g of on e s y ll a b l e ; con sist i ng of
.

w or d s of on e s y ll a b l e ) m on s s r l mb xk
’
m on as r l a b rk
'
-
, .

m on o t h e i s m n ( d oc t r i n t h a t t h e re is b u t on e G od )
.

’
m on a O i rz a m , m on aO i rz am
’
- - -
.

m o n o t o n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t m on o t on is e ] m o n e t u -e rz
.
’
.

m o n o t o n y n ( s a m e n e s s of t on e or p it c h ; w a n t of pleasi ng
.

v a r ie t y ) m a n o l u I m a n ot a m
’ ’
- -
.
,

m o n o x i d e n m a n ok s a rd ( b efor e of ) m a n oks 1 d
’ '
-
. . .

m o n s e i g n e u r n ( t it l e of Fr e n c h p r in ce s b is h ops e t c ) me n
.
, , .

j s zz m on s e j
’ ’
sen , n s zz .

m on si e u r n . ( s i r ; m is t e r ; ge n t l e m a n ) m on
’
s rzz , ms ’
s xzz .

m o n s i g n or n . t it l e of C a t h ol ic p re la t e s , e tc . [ s y n on y mous
m on s ign or e ] m on s ri n j oz m on s i n j ozz
’ '
cog n at e -
, .

m ( s e a s on a l w i n d ) m on s uu n
’
on s o o n n . .

j ye ,c cu r e : a t h e 9 t h i n ; 5 a z u r e d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
, .

111 w h e n : 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , 0 u ll , o n ool , 1 i t , I i sec ;

.

f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e r1 al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b ed , c c gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
3 7

m t e i t h n p u n c h b ow l [ a l s o s p e l t m on t e t h ] m on t 1 i 0
’
on .
-
.

m o n t h 11 m A n t O , ( a ls o, a n d i n B r i t a in n or m a lly ) m A n O
. .

m o n t h s 11 ( pl u ral of m on t h ) m A nt s , m A n t es ; ( in B r i t a in )
.

mA n s , m A n O S .

m o o n ( cry a s a cow ; l ow ) m uu
. .

m oo d n ( m od e : on e of t he c la sse s in t o w hich e a ch of t h e
.

f
fou r igu re s of sy ll ogis m i s d iv i d e d ; u n ct ion a l gr ou p of f
v e rb a l f
or m s ) m ou d .

m oo r n ( t r a ct of l a n d ) m u zz , m ozz
. .

M oor n ( d a
. r k -
s k in d n a t iv of M or occo, e t c ) m u zz , m ozz . .

m oo r v s e cu re a s a s hip , b y r op e s or ch a in s [ p a s t pa rt 1 c1
.
,

p l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t m oor e d m o o r d ] m u zz m oz z , , .

m o or a g e n ( c n a t io o f .m oo r i n g; m oo r i n g p l ace ; m on e y pa id
-

m
’
f or m oo m d 3 1 d5
’
r i n g) u z-
e r 5, o z-
.

m o p s y n p r e t t y c h i ld , e t c [ a ls o s p e lt m o s e y ] m op s r
.
’
. p .

m o r a i n e n ( m a s s of d e t r it u s ) m o z e e n , m o z e e n
’ ’
. .

m or a l a dj ( e t h ica l ) m oz ol
’
. .

m or a l e n ( m or a l it y ; b e h a v ior c on d u ct ) m a s o zi m o z ozl ’
’
. , , .

m o r a l i z a t i o n 11 [ a l s o s p e lt m or a l is a t ion ] m oz al x z e e - S
’
. an ,
m oz a-l ox z e e - Sa n
’
.

m or a l i z e v [ a ls o sp e l t m or a lis e ] m oz o- l en z
’
. .

m o r a s s n ( sw a m p , b og , m a r s h ) m s z a zs , m o z a s
’ ’
. .

m o r c e a u n b it , m ors e l ; e xce rpt [pl u r a l m or ce a u x ] m ez soo

.
’
.

m or e a dj , a dv m a ze , ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) m os
. . .

m o r e e n n ( ab r ic ) m a z ri n , m o z 1 in
.
’
f ’
.

m o r e l n ( m u s h r oom ) m oz al , m o z e l
’ ’
. .

M o r e s q u e a dj M oor ish [ al s o s p e l t M au r e s q u e ] m o z e s k ’
. .

m o r g a n a t i c a dj ( ch a r a ct e r iz e d b y a m a n of hig h r a n k t a k
.

in g a w om a n of l ow e r s t a t i on : sa id of m a r r iage ) m oz ga
n mt 1 k.
’

m o r g u e n ( h a u t i n e s s ) m e ze g
. .

m o r g u e n ( d e a d h ou s e ) m e ze g
.
-
.

m o r i b u n d n ( d y in g ) m oZ I b A n d
’
-
. .

m o r i o n n ( h e l m e t ) m oz s i an ; ( l e ss
.
’
- -
p r op er ly ) ’
m e z i-ou .

m o r n n ( m or n in g ) m ozz n m oon
.
, .

m o r n i n g 11 ( e a r ly p a r t of t h e d a y t im e ) m ozz m r)
’
m oz- n u j ’
.
- -
.
,

m o r o c c o n ( l e a t h e r ) m s z oko
’
. .

m o r p h i n e 11 ( n a r cot ic p r i n cipl e of op iu m ) m ozz f in , m e zz

’ ’
-
.

f 1 n ; ( r a r e ly ) m ozz - f e m
'
.

m or r o w n ( t h e d a y a f t e r ) m oz o ; ( d i a l ec t a lly ) m oz a
’ ’
. .

m o r s e l n ( b it e ; t i t b i t ; s n a ck ) m o zz s al
’
-
. .

m o r t a l i z e v m a k e or c on s id e r m or t a l [ a l s o s p e l t m or t a l is e ]
.

m ozz - t i - e rz
’
.

c z law , a: fur b oy ; a
, o z f a r , g o n ow
w ca t , o h ot ,
a : a sk , a 1 k i t e ;
o1 ,

l e n gt h m a r k ( z) 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;
st r e s s ma rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie s t r e ss on t h e f ol l ow m g s y lla b l e f .
 4
3 8 DICTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
m or t a r n .
( v e s se l ,
b ow s h ort ca n n on ) l;
’
m ozz -t oz .

m or t a r n .
( b i n di n g
-
m at e r i a l )
’
m o zz -
t oz .

m or t g a g e 11 .
( c on v e ya n ce , et c .
)
’
m ozz -g xd s .

m or t g a g e e h om p r op e r t y i s m ort ga ge d ; on e
n .
( p e rs on to w
w h o l e n d s m on e y on a m ort ga ge ) m oz g r d sri
’
.

m o r t g a g or n on e w h o m or t ga g e s h is p r ope rt y [ al so sp e lt
.

m or t g ag or, m or tgag e or ] m ozz -g x-d 5 oz ’

.

m o r t g a g o r n m l aw , opp os xt of m or tgage e [ a l s o sp e lt m or t
.

g ag e or ] m oz g 1 d 5 ozz
’
.

m o r t i s e 11 h ole cu t t o re ce iv e a t e n on [ a l s o sp e lt m or t ice
.
,

m or t is ] m ozz - t 1 s
’
.

m or t i s e v [ a l s o s p e lt m or t ice , m or t is ; p e s t pa r t 1 c1p l e a n d
.

m m ] m
’
p r e t e r 1 t o r t is e d , o r t is t o zz -
t xs .

m or t u a r y a dj ( o f b u r i a l o r . d e a t h )
'
m o :z -
t S e 1 ; ( als o)
u - z

’
m ozz - t q u - o-Z I , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) m ozz - t cu - oz r
’
.

m o r u l a n m u l b e rry -l ik e b ody [p lu r a l m or u l a e ] m e z o-la,

’
.

m oz-z o l o
’
~
.

m o s a i c a dj ( of t h e p r odu ct ion of p a tt e rn s b y sm al l inla id

.

i f ) m -rk
’
p e c e s o g l a ss s t on e e t c o z e e
, , . .

M o s a i c a dj ( of M os e s ) m o z e e - xk
’
. .

M osl e m n M oh a m m e d a n [ sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e M us l im ]
.

m oz l om , m os a om
’ ’
.

m o s q u e n M oh a m m e d a n t e m pl e [ a ls o s p e lt m os k] m e sk
.

m o s q u i t o n in s e ct [ a l s o s pe l t m u s q u i t o ; p lu ra l m os q ui t os ,
.

m os q u it oe s ] n 1 o s k 1 i t o ( p op u l a r ly ) m o sk xi- t o
’ '
-
.
,

m o s s n ( b og ; p la n t ) m ozs ( r a r e ly ) m os ; ( d i a l e c t ally ) m c zs
.
, .

m o s t a dj ( g r e a t e s t e t c ) m oost , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) m ost
.
, . .

m o s t a dv ( i n t h e g r e a t e s t d e gre e e t c ) m oost , ( w h en u n s t r e s t )
.
, .

m os t m os t ; ( a ls o d ia l e c t a l ly ) m ost
, , .

m o s t l y a d v m oo s t u
’
( w h e n l es s s t r e s t ) m os t u
'
-
.
.
,

m o t n ( ob s ol e t e ) m ot t o ; w ord [ a ls o s p e l t m ot t, m a t t e ; syn
.

on y m ou s c og n a t e m o t e ] m ot .

m o t n ( w i t t y s a y i n g ; hon -m ot ) m oo
. .

m o t n ( d ia l e c t a l ) m a r k f or p l a y e rs a t q u oit s [ a ls o s pe lt
.

m ot t o] m ot .

m o t e n ( p a r t icl e ; s pe ck ) m oot
. .

m o t e t n v oca l c om p os it ion i n h a r m on y [ a l s o sp e lt m ot e t t,
.

m ot e t t e m o t t e t t ] n1 o t e t
’
.
,

m o t h n i n s e ct [ pl u ra l m o t h s ] m o zo m oO ; ( d ia l e c t ally ) m e zO
.
, .

m o t h e r n ( f e m a l e pa r e n t e t c ) m A b oz
.
’
, . .

m o t h s n ( pl u r a l of m ot h ) m ozb z m ozes
. , .

m o t i l e a dj ca p ab l e of or ch a r act e r i z e d b y m ot ion [ a l s o,
.
, ,

s om e t i m e s s p e l t m ot i l ]
’
m oo- t xl ( r a r e ly ) m oo- t m l
’
, , .

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 8 t hi n ; 5 a z u r e , d 5 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
.

w w h e n ; 1) s 1u g ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l on ool I i t , 1 i s ee ; ,
.

f , f ,

0 p oe t 1c ; 3 ov e r , e a e r1a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o ga t e ;
3 50 DICTION ARY O F HARD WOR D S
m u l a t t o n ( off s p ri n g of a w h it e a n d a n egr o) mj u la t o
.
'
.

m u l b e r r y n ( fru it ; pla n t ; t r e e ; col or ) mA l -b ez r, mAlb o-s r,

.
’ ’

’
mA l b z r .

m u l ch v h a f r ot t e n
l -
. s t ra w [ syn on ym ou s cogn ate m ul sh ]
mAl t S ( a ls o a n d in B r i t a in n or m a lly ) m A l S
, . .

m u l ch v c v o e r. w i t h m u l c h o r h a l f rott e n st raw [ syn ony

-

m ou s cog n at e m u ls h ; p ast p a rt rcrpl e a n d p re t e r 1 t mu lc h e d,

m u l c h t ] m A l t S ( in B r i t a in ) m A l S , .

m u l c t v p u n is h ; d e p riv e [ p ast purt 1 c1 pl e a n d pr e t e r1 t

.

m u l c t e d m u l c t ] m Al kt
,
.

m u l e t e e r n ( m u l e dr iv e r ) m j ul 1 t xzz
.
’
-
.

m u l e y -c o w n h orn l e s s cow ; cow [ al s o s om et imes , spe lt

. ,

m u ll ey-c ow m ool ey c ow ] m ul r-k ou m j uu -l I kou

’ ’
- -
.
, ,

m u l e y -s a w n m ul r sc :
’ ’
m j uu -h - se
.
-

m u l l e n n w ooly le a ft pl a n t [ a ls o sp e lt m u ll ei n ] m A l rn
.
-
’
.

m u l l i g a t a w n y n s ou p [ sy n on ym ou s cogn at e mul l agat aw .

n y ] m A l xg o t c z n r
’
-
.

m u l l i o n n ( d iv is ion b e t w e e n light s or p a n el s) mAl ion

.
'
.

m u l t i f l or o u s a dj ( m a n y f low e r d ) m A lt r f L oz-z os
’
.
-
.

m u l t ij u g ou s a d j ( h a v in g m a n y p a irs of l e a fl e t s) malt r .

d5 uu - gos ; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) m A l t 1 d 5 u -gos
' ’
.

m u l t i p a r ou s a dj ( m a n y b e a r in g ) m A l t 1 po-z a s
’
-
. .

m u l t i p a r t i t e a dj ( h av in g m a ny p a rt s or d ivi si ons ) mA it I .

’
p a z -
t e xt; ( l e s s p r o p e r l y) m A l
’
t I p oz -
t a rt .

m u l t i p l i c a n d n ( q u a n t it y t o b e m u lt ipl ie d ) m A l t 1 p u ke n d ,
.
'

m A l t I p u - ka n d
’
.

m u l t i p l i c a t e a dj ( m ult i f old ; m u l t iple x ) m A l t rp u -k e t , mA l

’
.

'
t 1 p L 1 -k e t .

m u l t i p l i c a t i o n n m Al t rp u k e e - Son
’
. .

m u l t i t u d e n ( n u m e r ou sn e ss ; g r e a t n u m b e r ; h ost ) m A lt t
’
.

te u d ; ( d i a l e c t a l l y)
’
m A l t x-
tud .

m u m a dj s il e n t [ al s o, f or m e rly sp e l t mu m m ] m A m
. , .

m u m n b e e r [ als o spe lt m u m m ] m A m
. .

m u m m y n ( e m b a l m d b od y ) m A m r
’
. .

m u n c h v c h e w ch a m p [ p a s t pa r t 1 c1 pl e a n d pre t e r 1 t mu nc h e d,
. ,

m u n c h t ] m A n t s ( a ls o a n d i n B r i ta i n n or ma lly ) m A n S
, . .

m u n d a n e a dj ( o f t h i s w or l d ;
. w or ldly ; e a r t h ly ; cos m ic)

m A n -d en
’
.

m u n g o n cl ot h [ al s o s p e l t m u n g oe ] m A ngo
’
. .

m u n i c i p a l a dj ( i n t e rn al d om e s t ic : l oca l , c it y ) m j u n rs 1 -p ol
'
.
, .

m u n i f i c e n ce n ( ge n e r os it y lib e r a l it y ; b ou n t y ) mj u n 1 f 1
’
.
,

s on s .

m u nim ( de fe n se ) m j u u - u r- m on t
’
en t n. .

j ye , ;
c cu r ea t h e , 9 t h i n ; 5 a z u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc h e w ;
111 w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u l l , on fool , 1 i t , 1 i se e ; . f
c p oe t ic ; 3 ov e r , e a e r1 a l , A b u t , o: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
 DI CTION ARY O F HA RD WORD S 35l

m un ni on n . m s hi p -
b u il d in g , m u l l ion [ a ls o sp e lt m u n i on ]
m A n j on
’
.

m u r a l a dj ( a w a ll ; w a l . l l i k e ) mof j z ol
u z- -
’
.

m u r d er er n (o e w
n h o m u r d e r s).
’
m o zz -
d o -
z oz .

m u r e x n s h e ll fi s h [ plu r a l m u r ice s , m u re x es ] m j oz-z e ks

’
-
. .

m u r i a t i c a dj ( of s a l t ) m j uz i mt l k
’
. .

m u r i n e a dj ( m ou s e lik e ) m j u z e m m j u z-z oxn ’

’
- -
.
.
,

m u r k n d a rk n e s s ; t h ick a i r or v a p or [ a ls o s p e l t m ir k] m oze k
. .

m u r k a dj ob scu r e , d a r k [ a ls o s p e lt m ir k ] m ozz k
. .

m u r k n m a rc [ a l s o s p e l t m u r c, m ir k a n d , or m e rly , m a r oh l
. f
m a zz k .

m u r k i n e s s n s t a t e of b e i n g m u r k y ; d a r k n e s s [ a l s o s p e l t
.

m ir k in e s s ] m oz k I n rs , m ozz - k x- m s
’ ’
-
.

m u r k n e s s n d a r k n e s s [ a l s o s p e l t m ir k n e s s ] m s z k m s
’
. .

m u r k y a dj d a r k g l oom , t h ick [ a ls o s p e lt m ir ky ] m oz k 1
. ,
’
y .

m u r m u r v , n h u m , e t c [ a s v e rb , p e st pu r t xcml e a n d pre t
. . .

m u r m u r d ] m ozz - m oz
’
e r 1 t m ur m u r e d , .

m u r r a i n a d j ( d is e a s e ) m oz xn , m A z m
’ ’
. .

m u r r e n g u ill e m ot [ s n on m ou s cog n a t e m a r r e ] m ozz

. y y .

m u r r h i n e a dj of m u r r a , a n orn a m e n t a l s t on e [ a l s o sp e l t
.

y
m u r r in e ; s n on m ou s cog n a t e m y rr h i n e ] m oz m , mAz m ,
’
y ’

m o z e m , m A -z a m
’ ’
-
.

m u s ca d i n e 11 ( w i n e ; g r a p e ) m A s k o d om , m A sk o-d m
’
-
.
’
.

m u s c a t n ( g r a p e ; w i n e ) m A - s k ae t
.
’
.

m u s c a t e l 11 w i n e ; g r a p e ; r a is i n [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e m u s
.

ca d e l ] m A sk o t e l m A s ko t e l
’ ’
-
.
,

m u s c l e n ( c on t r a ct il t i s su e ) m A s ol , m A sl ; ( er r on e ou s ly )
.
’ ’

m A s k ol
’
.

m u s c o i d a d j ( m os s l i k e ) m A s k o 1 d
’
.
- -
.

m u s c o v a d o n ( u n r e fin e d ca n e s uga r ) m A s ko v oz-d o, m A sk o

.
’

’
v e e -d o .

m u s c o v y n ( m u s k - d uck ) m A s k o- v r
’
. .

m u s c u l a r a dj ( of m u s cl e ) m A sk cu-l oz ’
. .

m u s e t n ( ob s ol e t e ) g a p i n a e n ce ; m e u s e ; a ls o, a h e r o s
.
’
f
‘
f
or m
’
[ a l s o s p e l t m u s i t m u s e t t ]
’
m j u u -
z xt ,
’
m j u u S 1t ,
-
.

m u s e t t e n ( b a g p i p e ; a 1r ; d a n c e ; r e e d s t op ) m j u z e t
.
’
-
.

m u s e u m 11 ( b u ild in g or r e p os it ory f or t h e p r e s e rv a t i on a n d
.

y
d is p l a o f ob j e ct s of a r t , cu r ios i t i e s , e t c ) m j u z ri-om ; ( l e s s
’
.

p
r ope r ly )
’
m j u u z i om - —
.

m u s h r o o m n ( f u n gu s ) m A Sz u m
’
-
. .

. f
m u s i c 11 ( i n e a r t ; m e l od or h a r m on y ) m j uu - z rk ’
y .

m u s i c a l a d j ( o f m u s ic l ik e m u s ic ; on d of or s k ild in m u
.
, f
s ic )
’
111j u u z 1 k ol - -
.

c: la w ,
fur11 : , ze c a t . 0 hot , o x b oy : a : k it e fa r , d o n ow , u : a s k , 11 1
le n gt h m a r k
-
1 n d 1c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d 1 3 l on g
st r e s s - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l la b l e .
3 52 DICTION AR Y O F HARD WOR D S
k
’
m u si ca l s ( m u s ica l n
p a r t y ; .
p r i v a t e c o n c e rt ) m j uz x o zl .

m u s i c i a n n ( on e s k ild in m u s ic ) m j u z xson
.
’
.

m u s i v e a dj m osa ic [ al s o s p e lt m us iv ] m j uu srv , mj uu -z rv
.
’
-
’
.

m u s k m e l on n [ sy n on ym ous cog n at e m u s h m e l on ] mA sk
.
’

m e l on ; ( v u lga r ly ) m A S
’
-
m e l on .

m u s k -c x n a r ct ic ru m in a n t [ plural m us k-oxe n a n d, coll e ct i v

.

ly , m u s k- ox ] m A s k- oks
’
.

m u s l i n n ( cot t on fa b r ic) mA z l m
.
’
.

m u s r ol 11 ( l oca l or ob s ole t e ) n ose -b an d of a b rid le [ als o

.

s p e lt m u s r ol e a n d , f or m e r ly , m u sr ol l ] mA z -z ol
’
.

m u s s e l n m ollu s k [ a l s o s p e l t m u s cl e ] m A sol , m A sl
.
’ ’
.

M u s s u l m a n n M oh a m m e d a n [ a l s o s p e l t M us ul m an , M us cl
.

m a n ; p l u r a l M u ss u l m a n s a n d , ca t a ch r e st xcally , M us su l men ]
m A sol - m on
’
.

m u s t v ( b e ob l ige d ) m A s t , ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) m os
. .

m u s t a c h e n t h e h a i r on t h e u pp e r lip [a ls o s p e lt mous t ache

.

m os t a zj ; ( v u l gar
’
s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e m u s t ac h i o] m o s t a zs
’
,

ly ) m A - s t e zs
’
.

m u s t a c h i o n [ pl u ra l m u s t a c h i os ] m o st e z S
.
’
-
o, m o s t a z-S
’
i-o .

m u s t a c h i o e d a dj ( m u s t a c h e d ) m o st a z Sod , m o s t az-Si-od
'
-
.
’
.

m u s t a r d n ( s e e d f l ou r ; p la n t ) m A s t oz d
-
.
’
.

m u s t e e n m o s t ri , m A s t ri s a m e m e a n 1 n g as m es t e e
’ ’
. . .

m u t i n e e r n ( on e gu il t y of m u t i n y ) m j u t 1 n 1 zz
.
’
.

m u t i n y n ( r e v olt ) m j u u - t x- m ; ( l ess p r op e r ly ) m j uu -t u -r
’
.
’
.

m u t t o n n ( f l e sh of s h e e p ; s h e e p ) m A t n
.
’
.

m u t u a l a dj ( r e c ip r oca l ; r e s p e ct iv ; com m on ) mj uu -t S
.
’
u -ol ,
’
m j ou - t cu - ol .

m u t u l e n ( m od ill ion of a D or ic cor n ice ) m j uu -t S

.
’
ul ,
’
m j uu
t qu l .

m u z h i k 11 R u s s ia n pe a san t [ a l so s p e l t m ou j i k m u j i k ] m uu
.
’
,

5 1k m u 3 1k
’
.
,

m u z z l e n j a w s a n d n os e ; s n ou t ; ca ge f or th e j a w s ; n ose
.

cov e r ; d isc h a r gi n g- e n d of a gu n ) m A z ol , m A z l
’ ’
.

m y a dj p r on ( o f or b e l on g in g t o m e ) m a r, ( w h e n u n s tr es t )
-
.

m o ; ( a ls o o r m e r ly ) m i : , f
( a n d s t il l w h e n u n s t r e s t, on th e ,

s t age ) m 1 .

m y c e l i u m n ( v e g e t a t i v p a rt of t h e t h a llu s of fu ngi ) m a r s 1 i
.
’

l i- om .

m y o p e n ( s h or t - s ig ht e d pe r s on ) m a i op
.
’
-
.

m y o p i a n ( s h or t s ig h t e d n e s s ) m a i oo p i o
’
- - -
. .

m y o p i c a dj ( o f m y op ia ; s h or t or n e a r - s i gh t e d) m a i op rk
. .

m y o p y n ( m y op i a ) m a i o p r
’
- -
. .

m y o s i n n g l ob u l in [ a l s o s p e l t m y os in e ] m a i- o- s m
.
’
.

j ye , c cu r e ; a t h e 6 t h in ; 5 az u r e , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

111 w h e n ; 1) s 1 u g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , ou ool , 1 i t , I f se c ; f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , oz d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
35 4 D ICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
n a b ob n .
(M oh a m m e d a n o fficia l ; gov e r n or )
’
n e e -b ob .

n a cr e n. s e a -
pe n ; m ot h e r -
o f -
p e a r l [ a l s o, for m e r ly , s p e lt na

]
’
ke r n e e - k oz .

’
n a c r e ou s ad j .
( l i k e n a c r e ; n a c r o us ) n e e -
k s i -o
s .

’ "
na dir n .
( t he p o i n t opp o s i t t h e z e ni t h ) n e e -
d az , ( r are ly ) no

d rz .

N a i a d n r i ve r n y m p h [ p lu r a l N a ia ds ] n e e od , n oi-s d n e e
’ ’ ’
- -
. ,

j od .

N a i a d e s n pl ( t h e Na iad s ; r iv e r n y m p h s ) n e e o d iz n a i o
. .
’
-
’
- -
,
-

d i z n e e j o d iz
’
- -
.
,

n a i a n t a dj ( i n h er a ld ry s w im m in g) n e e on t
’
-
. .
,

n a i f a dj n a iv e [ a l s o sp e lt n a if ] n o z xi f
’
. .

n a i l: n ( In d i a n p.r i n c e ; g ov e r n or ; o ff i c e r )
’
n o z-
rk ,
'
n e e -rk .

n ail v fi x w it h n a il s ; s p ike [ p a s t pa r t rc rp le a n d pr e t e r rt
.

n a il e d , n a il d ] n e el, (w hen u n s tr es t) n el .

n a issa n j ( m
’
t h ade r a ld r y . n e e -
s on t , n a s ce n t ) .

n aive a dj
n a t u r a l , a r t l e s s [ a l s o s p e l t n a i v e ] n o z xiv as s u m p
’
.
( ,

t iv ly ) n oz iv ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) n e xiv ; ( e r r on e ou s ly ) n e e v
’ ’
-
.

n a i v e l y a d v [ a l s o s p e lt n a i v e ly ] n o z riv - l x, n oz-iv -l r n e xiv -h

’ ' ’
.
, .

n aivet e n a n a r t l e s s a ct ion or r e m a r k ; q u a lit y of b e ing n a

.

iv e ; a r t l e ss n e s s [ a l s o s p e lt n a i v e t é ] n oz-iv t e e
’
.

n a k e d a dj ( n u d e ) n e e k rd ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) n e k rd
’ ’
-
. .

n a m a b l e a d j [ a l s o s p e l t n a m e a b l e ] n e e - m o-b ol
’
. .

n a m b y -p a m h y a dj ( w e a k ly s e n t im e n t a l ; v a pid ) n a m b x
.

' '
p ze m b l , ( a s s u m p t i v l y) n a
e m b x -
p ae m b r .

c l ot h [ a ls o s p e lt n on k in ] n a n k ri n , ( a ss u mpt iv ly )
'
n an k een n .

e n k in
’
na -
.

n ape n ( t h e b a ck of t h e n eck ) n e e p ; ( l e ss p r op e r ly) na p

. .

- i
)
'
n ap ery n ( t a b l e l n
. e n e t c n e e p zr
a -
, .
-
.

n aph th a n v ol a t il l iq u id [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , s pe lt n a p t ha ]
.

e fO o
’ '
n aep O a na , .

h i
'
n a p h t h al en e n ( p h l )
'
n a t a n n ze p O a
.
- l i n n a f O o - in
l , .

n a p h t h a l i n n b e n z e n e hy d r oca rb on [ a ls o s p e lt n a p h t h a lin e ]
.

m
’
c a
’
na a l , n ae - -
hn .

n a ph t h a liz e v [ a l s o s p e l t n a p h t h a l is e ] n ae p O o l a rz , n e f ea
' ’
.
-

Iol z .

n a p i f or m a dj i d p f ozz m ; ( le ss p r op er
’
( t u r n p -
s h a p e ) . n e e -
x -

ly ) n aep r- f ozz m
'
.

’
n a r ci s s u s n ( p l a n t ) n a z s rs as . .

'
[ a l s o s p e lt n a r c ot is e ] n a z k o t a rz , n u zz -ka-t orz
'
n a r co t i z e v .
-
.

n a r gh i l e n O r i e n t a l t ob a cc p i p e ; h ook a h [ a ls o s p e lt n a r gi
. o -

l e h n a r g h i l e h n a r g hy l e n a r g h i ll e n a r g il e n ar gm lé ; sy n
’ '

, , , , ,

n a r g i l ly ]
’
o n y m ou s c o g n a t e s n a r gh il l y n a zz - g I - l e . .

j ye c cu r e ; a t h e
,
0t h i n ; 5 a z u r e , d z j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sche w : ,

to w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on o ol , I it , x i s ee ;
.

f f
0 poe t i c ; a ov e r , e ae ri a l, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 3 b ed, ee gat e ;
 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 55

gh il l y sa m e m e a n 1 ng a s n a r g h il e
’
n ar n . n oz g rl x . .

’ ’ ’
n arr at e v .
( re la t e , t e ll , r e h e a r s e ) e z e et ,
na n a z eet , n a z et .

n a r r ow ad j ., n .
, a dv ., v . [a s v e rb , pa s t p a r t rc rp le and p r e t e r 1t
’ '
n a r r ow e d, d ] n ae z o ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) n ae z a
n a r r ow .

n a r w h al n s e a -
u n ic orn [ a l s o s p e lt n a r w ha l e ; sy n on y m ou s
.

]
’
cog a t
n e na r w a l n u zz -
w ol .

’
n a r y a dj n ot [ d i a le c t a l v a r ia n t of n e e r a , n ev e r a ; s y n ony
.

'
m ou s c ogn a t e n a r r y ] n e z z r n e z x
’
-
.
,

( of t h e n os e ) n e e z ol
’
n a s a l a dj .
-
.

n a saliz e v s p e a k n a s a ll y ; r e n d e r n a s a l [ a l s o sp e l t n a s a l is e ]
.

’
n e e - z a -l a l z .

( b e i n g b or n ; in cipie n t ) n aeson t ; ( im p r op er ly )
’
n a s c e n t a dj .

’
n e e - s on t .

’
n a st u r t iu m n. ( p la n t ) na
es
’
em ,
t oz S n aes
’
am ,
t ozz - S n aes i
tszS
S
’
a m , n a s t oz om .

n a st y j ( ad f o u l ; . o e n s iv ; b a d ; i l l ff
-n a t u r e d
) n e z-
s t t , n o z -s t t
,
’ ’

' ’ ’ ’
nae z- s t r ; ( a s s u m pt iv ly w h e n l e s s s t r e s t ) ,
n a s t r, n os t r, n a e st r .

n a s u t o a dj ( o r m e r l.
y k e f
e n s c e n t e d , s a g ac
, i o u s ; l
-
a t t e r l y , s n o u

t y , e t c ) n e e - s cu t , ( l e s s o t e n ) n e s cou t
’
.
'
f .

n a t a l a dj
’
l
'
( i i
’
n a t v .; o f o n e s b r t h ) n e e t i , n e e -
t a -
.

( m m
’
n a t a t or y a dj o f s w i i .n g) n e e -
t o -
t oz r .

n a t h e l e s s a dv n e v e r t h e l e ss [ sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e n a t h l es s ]
.

'
n e e - O L os
’
n e e —b o- l e s
'
n e e O l os , -
, .

sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s n a t h e l e s s
’ ’
n a t h l e s s a dv n a L os , na .e b le s -
. .

n a t i on a l a dj ( o f a n a t i.o n )
’
n a S ,a -
n l
’
n aa S n al ; ( r a i d ly )
o -
p
’
n aeS N ol ; ( l e s s r o e r ly )
'
nee S p p
e -u i -
.

’
n a t i o n a l i t y n n ee S a n a e h -
tx . .

[ a l s o s p e l t n a t ion a lis e ] n ae So-n l a xz , n ae S

’ ’
n a t i on a l i z e v .
-
on o
l a rz .

( d -m e
s ot yp e , n e e d l e z e ol it e ) e t ga l a t t ,
’ ’
n a t r ol i t e n s o a .
-
na - n ee

t ga- l a l t .

’ ’ '
n a t r on n ( m in e r a l ) n e e t ron , n e e t gon , nae t gon
.
- -
.

; j S z ,
’
n a tu ral a dj ( o f l a w . u s t ; o f n a t u re ; n o r m a l ) n ze t o - ol

( r a i p
d l y)
’
n ae t S ; (
s a l a l s o , o l d e r )
’
n a t c o -
z o l ,
'
n ae t c a -z
al .

’
n a t u r a l i z a t i on n [ a l s o s p e l t n a t u . r a l i s a t i o n ] n aa t S z al r z e e
a -

Son
’
S o n n ,
ze t S a z a -
l e r z e e -
.

n a t u r a l iz o v [ a l s o s p e l t .n a t u r a l is e ]
’
na e t S o z o -l
a rz , ( r a i dly ) p
n aet S
’
s a lel z -
.

n atu re n ( e s se n t ia l ch a r a ct e r ; in h e r e n t p ow e r or prin c ipl e ;

.

’
u n iv e r s e ) nee tS oz , ( ol d e r )
’
-
n e e - t coz .

n a u gh t n n ot h i n g ; z e r o, ci p h e r [ a ls o s p e l t n ou g h t ; sy n on
.

y m o u s c o g n a t e , I n t h e s e n s e o f a c i p h e r , ou g h t ] n czt .

n a u g h t a d j w o r t hl e s s [ a l s o s p e l t n ou g h t ] n c zt
. .

0: l a w ,fu r a: , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow u : a s k , o r kit e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h m a rk -
I n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;

s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e .
3 56 DICTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S
'
gh t y ad j ( w ay w a r d ; b ad ) (w )
'
n au . n cz-t x, h e n l es s s t res t nc
tr .

Si
'
( s e a s ickn e s s ; l oa t h in g) Se
’ ’
n a u sea n. , e t c. n ez -
, nc z- -s
, nc
-
s a
i .

n a u s e a t e v. ( rej e ct w it h n a u s e a ; l oa t h e ; a ffe ct w i th n a usea ;

f e e l s ic k ) n c z Si e t n cz s i e t '
- -
,
'
- -
.

n a u s e o u s a dj S
'
( cau s i n g n au s e a )
’
n c z- as
. , i
S , n c z-s i-as
'
n c z- -os .

n a u t i l u s n a rg on a u t , a ce p h al op od [ pl ur a l n au t il i, na u til us es ]
.

n c z t x Ios ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) n e z-t l -a s
’ ’
- -
.

’
n a v a l a dj ( o f s h i p ;
.s o f t h e n a v y) n e e -v s l
.

n a v e n ( m a i n b od y or m idd l e p ar t of a chu r ch ) n e e v
. .

n a v el n m i
’
( u b li
. c u s ) n e e -v ol .

n a v e l e d a dj [ -v al
d
'
a l s o s p e l t . n a v e l l e d , n a v e l d ] n e e .

n a v i c u l a r a dj ( b oa t s ha p e d , s cap h oid , cy m bi form ) n o v rkco

’
- .

l ac .

n a y a d v ( n o ; n ot on ly s o, b u t ) n e e
. .

N a z a r e n e a d j , n n mz a e rin
'
. . .

Na z a r i t i s m n ’
na e z o e s I t zz a m ,
- -
.
'
nz z az x-t rz a m,
'
na z o-e art
rz am .

n e a p a dj ( l ow ; e b b ) n rip
. .

n e a r s i g h t e d a dj n rzz s a x t rd , ( as s umpt iv ly) d

’ ’
-
. n xzz -ss x-t x .

( h d m i
'
n eat h er d n c o w e r ) . t -
h ozz d .

n eb u l a n cl ou d y f il m or s p e ck in t h e e y e ; m ist y ap pea r
.

a n ce ; cl ou d lik e cl u s t e r of s t a r s [ plu r a l n e b u l a e ] ne bi o-lo

'
- .

f j -l i
’
n eb u l a e n (p l u r a l o . n e b u l a ) n e b u .

n eb u l é a dj cl ou d -l ike , . w a vy , n e b uly [ als o s pe l t n e b u l é e ]

n e b j u l e , n e bj u l ce
’ ’
—
.

n e b u l i z e v a t om iz e ; b e c om e n e b u l ous [ a l s o, r ar e l y, spe lt ne b
.

n e b j u-l m z
’
u l is e ] .

n e b u l o u s a dj ( c l o u d y; o f n e b
. u l a e )
’
n e b i o -l os .

'
( of n e ce s s it y ) n e s r s e z r l x; ( als o) ne s x
’
n e ce s sa r i l y a dz
' '
.
- —

’
c x ez r l x
’
s n h
o -
( a t e r ior y )
n ,
l n e r s a rl r ; ( occa s io a y )
s z n ll n s —
s -
.

d fu )
’ ’
n e ce ss a r y a dj ( n e e l n e s r se e x;
-
.
( a l s o) n x
es s o - e x, ( as
n e s r s an ; ( r a p i d ly )
’ ’ ’ ’
s u m pt iv ly ) -
n e s r ss r
- -
n e s ss r, n e ss x , .

n e c k e d a dj h a v i n g a n e ck [ a l s o s p e l t n e ck t ] n e k t
. .

n e ck l a c e n ( or n a m e n t a l ch a i n or b an d w orn a r ou n d t he
.

'
n e ck ) n e ku s .

n e ur o l o g y n ( r e g ist e r of t h e d e a d ) n r ks ol s - d sx
'
. .

n e cr om a n c y n i
'
( m a g c e t c ) n e k s
. o -
m ze n s r , . .

n e c r o p o l i s n c e m e t e ry [ a l s o s p e lt n c k r opolis ] n r ks opo-l xs
'
. .

p e a c h [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s s p e l t n e c t ari n ] n e kt o
’
n e ct a r i n e n .
,

e m , n e k t a z in
’ '
-
.

n e c t a r i n e a dj n e ct a r l ik e [ a l s o s p e l t n e c t a r in ] n e kt a-z m
’
-
. .

j c cu r e ; Dt h e 9 t h in ; 5 az u re , ( l g
ye , ; j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch e w ; ,

w w he
n ; 1] S i n g ; 11 w h o e v e r , l r e a ct , 0 u ll , on o ol , I i t , 11 s ee ;
.

f f o

0 poe t 1c ; a ov e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, e b ed , s e gat e ;

3 58 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
sy n on ym ous
’
n ep h ew s is t e r s [ dia l e ct a l
’
n. b r ot h e r s or s on

ffi ]
’ ’
cog n a t e s n e v e y, n e n e fiu , n e v in .

n ep h ri t i s n. f
( i n la m m a tion of t h e kid n e y s ) nr
’
fs ar-t rs, ar

f i
’
s r -
t rs .

n e p ot i s m n .
( p a pa l fa v orit ism t o n e p he w s , e t c. )
'
n xi-po-t xn m,
t xz a m
’
n e pa -
.

’
n xi
'
n e p ot ist n .
-
pa -
t rs t , n e po- t rst .

Ne eid n ( m - i- x
’
r s e a n y p ) .h n rz z d -
.

- i-rd
'
n er ei d n ( s e a -
ce n t i.p e d e ; n e r e i s ) n r z c .

Ne e d es i i di z
'
) i d
’
r i n p l ( n e r e d s n x z r .
- r- i z n r z-
.z - r—
, .

n e r i t o n n e r it a , a g a s t r op od [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e
’
. n eri t ] nx
'
z a xt , n e e a rt -
.

-c on v e i n
n erv e n . s in e w , t e n d on ; s t r e n gt h ; i m p u l s e y g f ib e r ;
cou r a ge ; cool n e s s [ a l so s pe l t n e rv] n ozz v .

n erv e d ad j ha v in g a
. n erv e ; r ib d [ a l s o s p e lt n erv d ] n s zz v d.

)
’ ’
n er v in e a dj ( a ct i n g . on th e n e rv e s n ozz -v in , n s zz -v a xn .
'
n u zz -v m .

n er v d ( as s umpt iv ly )
’
n e r v os e ad j .
( of t he n e rv e s ; ) n oz v oos ,
'
n ozz -v os .

n e r v ou s ad j .
( s in e w y; v igor ou s ; of n e rv e s , e tc .
; e xc i t ab l e )
'
n ozz -v as .

n er vy ad j .
( v i gor ou s ; sin e w y; cool ; j e rky ; r e q u iri n g ne rve )
'
n u zz - v r .

n e s ci e n c e n .
( l a ck of
k n ow l e d ge ; ign or a n ce ) n e S an s, ne i
’ '
s
e ns,
'
ni i —
S an s ,
'
- -
' ’
p p
m i Si a n s ; ( l e s s r o e r ly ) n e s can s , n es i-on s .

n e s ci e n t ad j . i
( g o a t ; a g st )
n r n n o i c
’
n eS
’
an t , n e Si s nt .
-
’
n ri a n t ,
-
S
i- S
i an t
’
nr -
.

’
) n csl
'
n est l e v ( m ake . a n e st ; s e t t le s n u g ly n e s al , ; ( erran o
’
o us ly ) n e st i .

’ ’
n e st l i n g n .
( b i rd ) n e st u n, n e sn n.

’
n e st lin g n of t h e v e r b n e s t l e )
.
( a c t i on u s su n .

n e t a dj c l e a r ; l ow e s t [ a l s o s p e l t n e t t ] n e t
. .

( l ow e r , u n d e r ) n t os e
'
n e t h e r a dj . .

i
'
j d
’
n e u r a l gi a n (p a i n i n a n e r v e ) jn. u z z
e l d a
s , n o z ae l s
-o .

j
’
i f ) j i
'
n eu rit is n ( i n f l a m m a t . o n o a n e r v e n u z a r-
t rs , n o z x t s
- r
.

i f e s ) n j u z ol a d sl
'
n e u r o l o g y 11 ( s c e n c e o n e r v .
-
.

n e u r os i s n n e r v e - d is e a s e ; n e rv e - c h a n g e
. [ pl u r a l n e u r os e s ]
’
n j u e oo- s l s .

n eu t er ad j .
( n e it h e r m a s cu l in n or f e m in in ; n e it h e r act i v
’
n or p a s s iv ; in t ra n s it iv ; n e u t ral ) j
n u u - t az ; ( d ia l ec t a lly )
’
n uu - t a e .

n eu t r a l ad j .
( n ot a ct iv e ith e r w av ; in d i ff e r e n t ) ’
j
n on -t xol

( d ia l e c t a l ly )
’
n ou -t gal .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 0 t h i n ; 3 az u re ,
d z; j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ; ,

m w h e n ; n s m g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , xi s e e ;
.

f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , s o g at e ;
 D I C T I ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 59

[ a ls o s pe lt n e u t r a l is a t ion ] n j u t gal r z e e
’
n eu t r a l i z a t i on n .

S , j g S
’
a n n u t o-
l s r z e e - an .

] j g l a rz
’
n e u t r a l i z e v [ a ls o sp e l t n e u.t r a l i s e n on -
t a -
.

ju g h
’
n e u t r a l l y adv n u t a -
.
-
.

n ew a dj ( n ot e xi s t in g b e or e ; n ov e l ) n j on , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t )
. f
n j u ; ( a ls o, d i a l e c t a l ly ) n u u , n u .

n ew el n (p a ) j
’
il l r. n u u -
al .

m j
'

f i ae n
’ ’
n ew f a n g l e d a j d n j u u w ng-
o ld , ( a.ss u p t iv l y) n on -

gol d .

N e w f ou n d l a n d
’
( d og) j f ou n d l a n d , n ou - f a n - d l a n d ,
i
’
n . n u -

j
n u f an d lae n d
’
.

j
’
j
’
n ew sp a p er n. ( n ew s sh e e t
-
)
’
n u u z -p e e -
p az , n u u s - p e e -p az ;
’
( d i a l e c t a l l y) n u u z -
p e e -
p e z , n u u s -
p e e p oz
-
.

n e w s y a dj ( u l l .o f n e wf s )
’
n j o n -z
r .

n e x u s n b on d , t i e , l i n k [p l u r a l n e x u s ]
'
. n e k sas .

n exu s n . f
r e e -b or n p e r s on b ou n d b y a n e x u m [ pl u ra l n e r i l
’

’
n e k sa s .

n i ai ser i e n ( s i m p l i ci
. t y; o o l is h n e s s ) n i
’
e e -z
f
a -z
x .

N i c a r a g u a n a dj , n n rk a z oz- gw a n , n rk a z aegj u ou
’ ’
-
. . .

n i c e -l o o k i n g a d j n a rs l u k m, ( as s u m pt iv ly ) n a rs -l u k m
’ ’
. .

N i c e n e a dj ( of Nica e a ) n s r- s in , n s r s rin ’ ’
. .

n i ce t y n or m e r l y ,
. f ol ly ; s hy n e s s ; fl a t t e rl y , sc r u p u los it y
f i i
a s t d ou s n e ss ; n ice p o i n t ; d e t ai l [ pl u a l n e t i es ] n r s t x
r i c
’
a r- —
.

n i ch e n ( r e ce s s ) n rt S
. .

'
( m e t a l ) n rk ol , n l kl , n rk rl
’ ’
n i ck e l n . .

'
n i ck n a ck n n rk - n ae k . s e e k n ic kk n a c k . .

a dj
’
n i cot i a n ( i
S sn
’
o f t o b a c . c o ) n x k o o S ,
a n n x k oo - - -
.

n i c ot i n e n a lka l oid i n t ob a cco [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , sp e lt n ic o

.

t in ] n xk a t in , m k a - t m
’ ’
-
.

'
n i c t i t a t i n g a dj ( w in k i n g ) n xkt r t e t n )
.
-
.

( d a u gh t e r of on e s b r ot h e r or s ist e r ) n xis
’
n i e ce n . .

n i g h a d v , a dj . ( ne ar ) n e r . .

n i gh t n ( d a r k h a l of t h e d a y ) n e xt
. f .

n i h i l i sm n ( n e ga t iv d oct r i n ; n ot h i n g n e s s ; d oct r in of t h e
.

R u ssi a n n ih ili st s ) n a i- x h z a m , n a r- h r l rz a m
’ ’
— -
.

n a i I l rst , n a x- h r- h st
’
n i h i l i st n
'
- -
. .

n i h i l i s t i c a dj ( of n ihi l is m ) n a i r l rst l k , n or h r l rst rk

' '
- -
. .

n ih il it y n ( i y)
’
n u l l t. n s r h rh -
tr .

s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s n y lg h a u
’
n il gh au n n rl g c :.
-
.

n i m b o s o a dj ( y) m m b os n xm b oos
’
l d
'
c o u .
-
, .

n i n c om p o op n ( b l o c k h e a d .
, s i m p l e t o n n i n n )
'
n r nk a m -
pu p , y .

( n u m e r a l ) n a m t rin , ( a n t e r ior ly ; b y con t r a s t )

’
n in et een n .

n a I n t in
’
-
.

c: la w , or f u r , ze c at , o h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , d o n ow 8 : a sk , or k i t e ;
, or ,

l e n g t h - m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;

s t r e s s- m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1 e f s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy lla b l e .
360 DICTION AR Y O F HARD WORD S
j n am t ri n , as s u mpt iv ly
'
n in et een (
'
ad .
) n a rn -ti n .

as s u mpt iv ly
’
j n a m t ri n O ,
’
n i n et e en th ad .
( ) n a rn -t inO .

i s i con j ( I n l ow , u n l ess )
'
n . n a r-s a r .

n i su s n ( e ff ort ).
'
n s r-
sos .

nit n ( e g g of a l ou s e ) n i t
. .

p ot as s iu m n it r at e ; sa lt pe t e r [ al so ]
’
n i t er n . s p e lt n it r e na x
t oz .

n i t r if y v. ( con v e rt i n t o n it e r ; b e com e n it e r ) n a x-tt x-f a r ’

.

n i t r i l e n . cy a n oge n com poun d [ a l s o s pe lt n it r il, n it ryle l n s r

'

t gl l .

n i t r ob e n z e n e ( n it r ob e n z ol ) z xin ,
’
zo b e n
'
n . n a x-t x b en
o- n ax-t
zin .

i t r o g e n n ( e l e m e n t ) n a r-t zo-d sm
'
n . .

n i t r o g e n i z e v com b in e w it h n it r oge n [ al so spe lt n it rog cn iu ]

.

n a x t god 3 1 n s rz , n a I -t god sr- n a rz

’ '
-
.

n i t r o g l y c e r i n n e x pl osiv [ a l s o s p e lt n i t r oglycer i n e ] n a r— t x
’

. o
l em
'
g rs o-
.

n i t r y a dj ob s ol e t e ( n it r ou s )
'
. n a r-tgr .

n it ryl n ( i i i d di l ) -t rl
’
n t r c p
. e r ox e , a r a c a n a r z .

N i z a m n ( ru le r of Hyb e r a b a d ; T u rki s h a r my ; soldie r) a r

.

z o zm , n l z a m
' '
.

d e n ia l ; n e ga t iv v ot e [ plur al n oes, n o s ] noo

’
n o n . .

n o a dj n ot a n y , e t c
. [ d ia l e ct a l sy n on y m ous cognat e s : n o,
.

n aa, n ae, n ca , n e a h, n e e, n e e a, n ey , n e y e, n e] noo, ( w hen

u n s t r es t ) n o, n o .

n o a dv . e x p r e ss m [ dial e ct al syn onym ou s cog

g disse n t , e t c .

n a t e n o] n oo ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) n o n o ; ( occa s iona lly) noop,

, ,

n op ; ( v u lga r ly ; offe n s iv ly ) n o: n A ; ( dial ectal ly) no

n ob 11 p e rs on of w e a lt h or s ocial dis t in ct i on ; s w e ll [ f orm er
.

s y n o n y m ou s c og n a t e n a b ] n ob .

n ob n.h e a d k n ob ; m c r xb b a ge , kn av e of t h e sa m e sui t as t h e
,

t u r n u p c a r d [ a l s o, f or m e r ly , s p e l t n obb ] n ob
-
.

n u b b e d a dj ha v i n g n ob s ; k n ob b e d [ al s o s p e lt n ob d ] a cb d
. .

n ob l e s s e n n ob l e b ir t h ; n ob ilit y [ a l s o, f or m e r ly , s pe lt n o
.

b l e s s n ob l es ] n o b l e s
’
.
,

n o ct u r n n ( I n t h e R om a n C a t h ol ic C hu rch , on e of t h e divi
.

s i on s of t h e o ff ice of m a t in s ) n ok-t oz n
’
.

n o c t u r n a dj ob s ol e t e ( n oc t u r n a l )
’
. n ok t s z n -
.

n o c t u r n a l a dj ( f
’
h ig )h k
'
o t e n t . n o t o z n l , n ok t ozz -n
l .

n oc t u r n o n In p a in t ing n ight -pie ce ; m m usi c, n otturn o

.
,

[ a l s o s p e l t n o c t u r n ]
’
n o k -
t oe n .

n od a l a dj d d
'
( o f a n o. e )
'
n o o - l ,
n o o -
dol .

( h e a d ) n odl
’
n od d l e n . .

j y e . c cu r e ; b t he 0t h in ; 5 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t st he y ;
.

to w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe ve r , 1 r e act , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , I i se c ;
.

f f
o p oe t 1 c ; o ov e r , e a e n a l , A b ut , o: d oor , a o n o, e b e d . e e gat e ;
36 2 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
n on e n tity n .
( n on -e x is t e n ce ; figm e n t ; n ot hin g )
'
n on e nt r-t r .

n on e s n . ( t he e igh t h d ay b e f or e t h e id e s ; a l so, a d a ily office

s a id a t t h e n in t h h ou r , or 3 pm . .
) n oon z .

n on j u r or n .
( on e w ho re fu s e d to sw e ar a ll e gi a nce t o t he
-d oz-z oz
’ '
s ov e r e ign ) d s u z-
z oz , n onn on
s .

n on p a r e i l a dj ( h av in g n o eq u al ; pe e rl e ss ) n on po e el , n om po
’
.

z e l ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) n on po z ril
' ’
.

n on p l u s n , a dj
'
n on -p L A s
. . .

n on p l u s v ( b r in g t o a n on plu s or st an d st ill ; pe rpl ex ) n e u

.

’ '
p z. A 9 , n on -p a a s .

sse d [ a l s o sp e l t ] ( as su mptiv
’
n on plu ad j . n on pl u s t n on p z a st ,
’
ly ) n on -p u l st .

d -kol
’
n o n s e n s i ca l j i s n o n s ad
e n s e ; a b su
. r ) n( t h at
on se n s r ,

m
’
k
'
( a s s u p t iv l y) n o n se n s r ol , n on s e n s rk ol -
.

n oo k n ( c or n e.r ; r e c e s s ) n u k ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly ) n uu k .

n oo s e n ( r u n n in . g k n o t ; l o o p ) n o u s ; ( l e s s p r op er ly ) n uu z .

n oo s e v k n ot [ p a st pa rt rcrple an d p r e t e r 1 t n oose d, n oos t ]

.

n u n z , n ou s .

n or c on j ( an d. n ot ; t h a n ) n ozz , ( w h en l e ss s tr es t ) n ee , u s e , us .

n or m a l i z e [ n or m a li s e ]
’
v . al so spe l t n o ze - m o-l a rz .

j n ozz e ri s t , ( ass u m pt iv ly n o zz e- xis t ,

’ ’
n or th e a st ad .
) ( or , w h en
'
l es s s t r e s t ) n ozz O - ist .

n a t iv or r e sid e n t of t h e n ort h )
'
n or t h e r n e r n. ( n oze -O o-noe .
or t h w a r d j ( t ow a rd t h e n or t h ) n o ze O - w oz d .
’
n ad .

a dj as s u m pt iv ly
'
( ) n ozz e- w e st
'
n or t h w e s t n oze e w e st
.
, .

n o s ol o gy ( l i f i ca t i on s cie n ce of d i s e a se s ) '
n . c a s s or n o sol o

dsr .

n os t a l ( h i k ) d d i
’ ’
g i a n s e v e r e o m e.s c n e s s n o s t w l s o n os t z
e l s -o
, .

n os t r u m n ( q u a ck m e d ici n ; p e t s ch e m e ) n os tgom ; ( i mprop

’
.

e r ly ) n oo- st gom
'

n o t a dv ( e x p r e s s m g n e g a t ion ) n ot ( w h e n u n s tr es t ) n ot , nt
.
, .

n o t a b e n e p h r as e ( n ot e w e ll m a r k c a r e f u lly ) n oo t o b xi-a r, ’
-
,

n oo- t o b ri n i
'
-
.

n ot a b l e adj ( n o t e w o r t hy: . n ot ic e a b l e )
'
n o o -
t b ol ; ( ca pab l e ,
o-

b u s t l in g : sa id o f w om e n ) n oo t o b ol n ot o- b ol
’ ’ - -
, .

n o t a t e a dj k i i
'
( m a r t w . t h s p o t s o r l n e s ) n o o t t
- e
.

n ot a t or n ( n ot e r r e c or d e r ; on e sk ild in m u s ical n ota t ion )

.
,
’
no t e e -t oz .

n ot e w or thy ad j .
( w or t hy of n ot ice )
'
n out -w s ebr.
h i n g n o u n p r om m ; ( dia le c t a lly ) nAOm ,
’ '
a dv nA G
'
n ot -
, .
nA O n
n oO m, n o O rn
’ '
.

n ot i c e n i n t im a t ion . , w a r n in g ; he e d , n ot e [ al s o s pe lt n otis ]
'
n oo-t rs .

j c
ye ,cu r e ; b t h e 9 t h i n 3 a z u r e , ( 15 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,

w w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , l r e act , 0 u l l on ool I i t , ri s e e ; f , f ,

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , a o n o, 8 b e d , e e gat e ;
 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 63

n ot i ce v . n ot i fy ; r e m a rk u p on ; ob s e rv e ; r e cog n i z e [ a l s o sp e l t
]
’
n ot is ; p a s t p a r t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t n o t ic e d , n o t is t n oo t
- rs .

n ot i c e a b l e a dj ( a s su mpt iv ly ) n oo-t rsob ol ,

’ ’
n oo-t rs a- b ol , .

( a n d , s om e t im e s , r a id ly ) n ot s ob ol
’
p .

d or s a l is ; p rim it iv b ack b on e )
’
n o t o c h or d n. ( c h or d a n oo-t o

kozz d .

n ou g h t n . a d j n c zt, se e n a u g h t . . .

n o u m e n a l a dj m -m x m
'
-u i -n l
( f
’
o a n ou e n o n ) n o
.u n u u x ,
-
.

n ou m e n on n ob j e ct of p u r e ly i n t e ll e ct u a l i n t u it i on ; t h i n g
.

in it s e l f [ pl u r a l n ou m e n a l n u u m x n on ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) n uu
' ’
- -

m x-n on .

n o u s n m in d ; gu m pt i on [ a l s o sp e lt n a us e n ow s e l n ou s n ou s
. , , .

’
n o u v e a u r i ch e n [ p l u ra l n ou v ea u x r ich e s ] n u v o z ri S
. .

n o v el a dj ( n e w ) n ov ol
’
. .

n ov e l i z e v m a k e n ov e l ; p r od u c e a n ov e lt y ; c on v e rt in t o a
.

’
n ov e l [ a l s o s p e l t n ove li s e ] n ov o l a rz -
.

n ov e l t y n s om e t h i n g n e w [ p l u r a l n ov e l t ie s ] n ov ol t r
'
-
. .

n o v e r c a l a dj ( of a st e pm ot h e r ) n o v oz kol n o v s zz k ol
’ ’
-
. .
,

n o v i ce n p r ob a t i on e r ; t y r o [ a l s o s p e lt n ov is ]
’
. n ov xs .

n ov i t i a t e n pr ob a t i on a ry p e r i od ; n ot ice ; t y r o ; n ov ice s hip

.

[ a l so spe lt n ov i cia t e ] n o v xSi e t n o v rSi ot

’ ’
- -
.
,

n ow a d a y s a dv i n t h e se d a y s ; in t h e pr e s e n t a ge [ a l s o sp e l t
.

n ow -a - d a y s ] n a u -o-d e e z
’
.

n ow a y a dv n ot a t a l l ; b y n o m e a n s [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e
.

n ow ay s ]
’
n oo- w e e .

N ow el C h r ist m a s [ a l so sp e l t N ow el l, N oe l ] n o e l n oo- e l
n .
’
,
’
.

n ow e l n ( t h e in n e r p a r t or c or e of a m ol d f or ca s t in g h ollow
.

cy li n d e r s et c ) no e l,
’ ’ ’
, n oo- ol n ou -ol , .

n ow i s e a d v ( i '
i n n o w a y;
. n n o r e s p e c t ) n oo -
w u xz .

n ox i ou s a d j ( i n j u r i ou s hu r t f u l ) n ok Sos
’
. .
,

n oy a d e n ( p u t t in g t o d e a t h b y d row n in g) n w o j a zd
. .

n uz l e n s ock e t ; s p ou t ; n os e [ a l s o s p e lt n oz z l e ]
’
. n oz ol .

n u a n ce n ( s l igh t v a r ia t ion ; s h a d e of color ; d e l ica t e gr a da

.

t ion ) n in ons
’
.

n u b i l e a dj m a r r ia ge ab l e [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e l t n u b il ] n j on
’
.
, ,

b rl ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly )
'
n u u b xl ; j b s rl , n uu
' ’
( a l s o , r a r e ly) n u u --

b al l .

n u cl e i n (p l f j n i
’
l u.ra o n u c l e u s) n o -
k L -
ar .

n u c l e ol u s n s m a ll n u cl e u s ;
.
p a r a n ucl e u s [ p l u r a l n u cl e oli ]
n j u k L ri-o- l os
’
.

n u cl e u s n k e rn el ; c e n t ra l m a s s [ pl u ra l n u cl e i ] n j on - kL i - os
’
. .

n u d e a dj ( n ot f or m a lly a t t e st e d or re cord e d ; n a k e d , b a re )
.

n j u u d ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) n u u d .

or l aw , a: fu r , s ca t , o
a b oy ; a : f a r , d o n ow , 8 : a s k , or kit e ;
h ot , or
h
l e ng t m a rk
-
I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d i n g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;
st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h i e f
st r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy lla b l e .
36 4 DICTION AR Y O F H ARD W O R D S
nu d g e v ( t ou ch , pu s h, or poke w it h t h e elb ow , t o ca ll att en
.

t ion ) n A d5 .

( s t a t e or fact of b e in g n u d e ; nu de f igure ) nj uu
’
n u di t y n .

d r t x; ( d i a le ct al ly ) n u u -d r-t r
’
-
.

n u g a t or y a dj ( t r i f l i n g; f u t i l )
’
n.
j u u -
g o t
- oz r
’
n j uu - o-t oe x
g , .

n u g g e t n ( r ou g h l u m p of n a t iv g old ; l u m p )
’
. n A grt .

j s ; ( d i al ec
’
n u i s a n ce n ( h u rt ; a nn o y a .n c e , l
p g a u e ) n u u -soa

'
t a l ly ) n uu -s on s.
nu mb j d e pr i ve d of f e e li ng [ a ls o s p elt m a n ] m an
ad . .

n u m b e d a dj d e pr iv e d of f e e lin g [ a l so s pe l t n n md ] n A md
. .

n u m b e r e d a dj r e ck on d b y n u m b e r ; m a r kt w i t h a n u m b er
.

s p e lt n u m b e r d ] n A m b oz d
’
[ al s o .

nu m e r i c a dj ob s ol e t e ( id e n t ica l ) nj u m e z rk
.
’
.

n u m e r ou s a dj (p l e n t i f u l ; m a n y)
’
n j u
. u -m o-z o
s,
'
nj ume os .

n u m i sm a t i c n ( of coi n s ) n j u m rs mae t rk ; ( les s properly)

’
.

n j u m rz m ze t rk
’
.

nu m m u lit e n ( f o s s il c e p h a l o p o d )
'
n .A m j u -l a rt .

n u m sk u l l n ( m
’
b l oc kh e a d ; d o l t )
. n A -
sk A l .

n u n n ( w om a n d ev ot e d t o a r e l igi ou s l i f e u n d e r v ow s ) nA n
. .

l u n ch e on [ a ls o spe lt n u n ch i on ] n A n t S
'
n u n ch e o n n . on , ( in

S
’
B r i t a in ) n A n on .

n u n ci a t u r e n ( o ice of n u n cio ; p e r iod of o ice of a pa . ff ff

i S , S o t eue
’ '
p a l n u n c i o ) n A n S o t u z n A n i - - - -
.

n u n ci o n m e s se n ge r ; pa pa l a ge n t [ al s o s p e l t n un t io ; pl ural
.

n un c ios ] nAn S i o
’
-
.

n u n c u p a t i v o a dj or a l ; r a r e ly , d e s ign a t iv [ al s o spe lt n un .

cu pa t iv ] n A nk cu p e t rv , n A n k cu - p e t rv n A n k cuu -po-t ry
’ ' ’
-
, .

n u n d i n a l a dj , n ( of a a i r )
’
n A n d I -
. u i ,
’
n A n d
. r-n ol f .

n u n n e r y n c on v e n t [ p l u ra l n u n n e r i e s ] n A n o-c r
’
. .

( of m a r r ia ge ; of a w e d d in g ) n A p Sol
’
n u p t i a l a dj . .

’
n u r sery n ( r oo m f or c h
. i l d r e n ; t r e e -
g a r d e n , e t c ) n oeso-ex
. .

' ’ ’
n ozz - s o-z r, n e z ss r, n o ze - ss r .

’
n u r sl i n g n . ob e c t j of a n u r se s ca r e [ al so s p e lt n ur s e lin g ]
n oze s - l m
' ’
n oz s u n, .

n u rt u re n ( b r e e d i n g f.oo d c a r e ) n oz t Soz n oze t Soz , n uz t coe , ,

’
,
’
-
'
.

j
’
n u t a n t a dj ( d r oo i n
p g; p . e n d e n t ) n u u -
t on t .

n u t r i e n t a dj ( s e rv i n g a s f o o d ;. n u t r i m e n t a l )
’
n j u u -
t x i -on
t .

n u t ri m en t n ( f o o d )
'
n j on t g x -
m .o n t ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly)
’
n u u -t
tt
-

m e nt .

n u t r i t i on n ( a ct ion of n ou ri s h in g ; n u t r im e n t , f ood ) nj u
.
.

on ; ( d i a l e c t a lly ) n u t Son
’
t grS
’
.

n j u t grS os ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) n u t grj os
’
n u t r i t i ou s a dj
'
. .

j [ l ] j
'
nut r i t i v e a d a l s o s p e t n u t r i t i v. n u u -
t rr t ry —
.

j c
ye , cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d z
; j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc he w ; ,

t o w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , ri se c ;
.

f f
0 poe t ic ; o ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , o: d oor , oo n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
3 66 D I CT I O N A RY OF H A R D W OR D S

ob e l i sk n. ( t a pe r in g re ct a n gu l ar sha ft or colu mn ; a l so, ob e

lu s ) ob I -l rs k
’
.

o b e l i z e v m ark w it h a n ob e lu s ; con d e m n as spu ri ous [ also

.

s p e l t ob e l is e ; f
or m e r e rr on e ous sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e ob o
l iz e ] ob r-l a xz
’
.

ob e l u s n sp i t -l ik
. e d a s h or ob e l i sk orm e rly us e d in m a nu f
s cr ipt s t o m a r k s p u r i ou s pa ssa ge s ; in m od e r n u se , a d a gge r
-
f
i n d ica t i n g a oot n ot e , e t c [ pl u r a l ob e l i ] ob r-l os
'
. .

o b e s e a dj ( v e ry f a t ; e xce e d in gly cor pu l e n t ) o b ri s

'
. .

i f b i )
'
o b e si t y n ( s t a t e o
. r q u a l t y o e n g o b e s e o b o e r t
- x
.

o b e y v c om p ly w it h t h e b id di n g of ; m in d [ p as t pa rt rcrpl e a n d
.

p r e t e r 1 t ob e y e d o b e y d ] o b e e , ( w h e n l es s s t r e s t ) o b e e
' ’
. .

o b f u s ca t e v d a r k e n ; b e w ild e r [ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e of s :
.
f
ob f A s- k e t
’
c a t e ] ob f A s k e t , ob - f A s k e t ,
’ ’
.

1
s a m e m e a n i n g a s ob e a
’
ob i n oo-b r
. . .

ob i
2
n . J
a p a n e s e s a s h [ p l u r a l ob is ]
’
a o-b r .

ob i t n d e a t h ; ob it u a ry n ot ice ; m e m oria l se rv ice [ sy n on y

.

'
m ou s c og n a t e ob ii t ] oo- b l t , ob l t
'
.

’
o b i t e r a d v ( b y t h e w a y ) ob r-t oz . .

ob i t u a r y n ( g
r e i s t e r .o f o b i t -
d a y s o r d e a t h s ; d e a t h -
n oti ce )

o b rt S u e z r ; ( a l s o ) o b rt cu o ar, ( a n t er i or ly ) o b rt cu - oz r
' ’ ’
- - -
.

ob j e c t n ( t h in g e t c ) ob d 3 rkt
’
. , . .

( e xp ose t o O pp ose , e t c ) ob dse kt

’
o b j e ct v
'

. . .

o b j u r g a t e v ( r e b u k e s e v e r e ly ; c h id e , s c ol d ) ob d su zz -g e t , ob
’
.

’ ’
d 3 s :z g e t ob d sc z - ge t
-
,
-
.

d
’
ob j u r g a t o r y ( )
’
a dj ob d su zz - go-t oz r ; . a ls o o b s u ze -
g o t o -e x
,

( m d
’
a s s u p t i v l y) o b s n zz -
g t ae r
o -
.

o b l a t e a dj ( fl a t t e n d a t t h e p ol e s : O pp os e d t o r ola t e ) ob
. p
l e e t , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) o- b l e t
' '
.

ob l a t e v . ff
( o e r a s a n ob la t ion ) ob l e e t
’
.

o b l a t e 11 ( p e r s on d e v ot e d t o a m on a st e ry or t o rel igi ou s
.

’
w or k ) ob l e e t , o- b l e t
’
.

o b l i g a t or y a dj i
( p m o s i n g o b. l ig a t i o n )
’
o b l r g t oz r ;
o -
( a l s o)
ob l r-g ot o z r, ( a s s u m pt iv ly )
’ ’
ob l rg o t oz r ; ( a l s o )
'
-
e bi r-g e t o-e x,
-

( ss
a u m p t i v l y)
’
ob l r -
g e t o z r : ( i m p r o e r l y) o
’
b h g t oz r
o -
p .

( e n g'a ge ; b in d ; c on s t r a in : c om’ p e l ) o b l a xds, ( w h e n

'
ob l i g e v .

l e s s s t r e s t ) o b l a rds : ( a ls o or m e r ly ) o b l rid s , f .

ob l i g e s n ( on e t o w h om a n ot h e r is b ou n d b y con t r a ct ; a ls o,
.

on e w h o i s u n d e r ob li g a t i o n ) o b l i d sri
’
.

ob l i g e r n ( on e w h o ob l ig e s ; on e w h o b in d s or i m p os e s a n
.

ob l ig a t ion u p on a n ot h e r b y c on t r a ct ; on e w h o c on e r s a n f
ob l ig a t i on or a v or ) o b l m d soz
’
f -
.

ob l i g o r n ( on e w h o b in d s h i m s e l t o a n ot h e r b y c on t ract
. f
j ye , c cu r e : a the , 0t h i n ; d ; j oy : i s h oe t sc he w ;
3 a z u re , ,

10 w he n ; n sm g ; u w h oe v e r 1 r e a ct
,
.

0 u l l o n ool , f
I i t , ri se e ; . f .

0 p oe t 1c ; a ove r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 9 : d oor s o no e b e d , s e g ate ;, ,

 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 367

t h e p e r s on h o g iv e s a b on d or ob l iga t ion : cor r e l a t xv of

w

ob lig e e ) e bi r-gozz , ob l r gozz

' '
.

ob l i q u e o b l rik , ( w h e n l ess s t r e s t ) o b l rik ; ( als o,

’ '
v .

f
l ess o t e n ) o b l s rk
’
.

o b l i q u i t y n ( q u a l it y of b e in g ob l iq u e ; s l a n t ) o b l rk w x-t x
’
. .

ob l i q u u s n m u scl e [p l u r a l ob l iq u i ] o b i e r- k w a s
’
. .

ob l i t e r a t e v ( b l o t o u t ; e a. c e ; d e s t r o y) o
’
b ff
l rt o -z e
’
t , o b l rt gct .

o b l oq u y n ( il ki
'
e v -
s p e a
. n g; a b u s e ) o b l a -k
w r .

o b n o x i o u s a dj e xp os e d t o h a r m ; od i ou s ) ob n ok S os , ob
’
( .

n ok S
’
os .

o b oe n ( h d -i
’ ’
b p) -b or b
’
a u t o y; r e e -
s t o o u o u b o o o o -x -

T
. .
, ,

ob o i s t n (p e r o r.m e r o n t h e ofb o e )
'
a o b o -
rs t -
.

o b ol n s il v e r c oin of a n ci e n t G r e e ce [ a l s o,
. or m e r ly , sp e l t f
ob ol e ] ob ol
’
.

o b o l e n ( Fr e n c h c oin ) o-b oi
’
. .

o b ol u s n ob ol ; al s o, ob ol e [ pl u r a l ob oli ] ob o-l os
’
. .

o b ov a t e a d j i l gg s ap e d w it h t h e b r oa de r
- h
( n v e r s e y o va. t e ; e

e n d u p m os t or or w a r d ) ob oo- v e t
’
f .

o b r e p t i on n ( ob t a i n in g b y cra t ) o b z e p j on , ob z e p Son
.
' ’
f .

ob s c e n e a dj ( d isgu s t in g ; i lt hy ; l e w d ) ob s xin , ob s rin

.
’
f ’
.

ob s cen i t y n ( o b s c e n e q u a
. l i t y; o u l n e s s ) o b
’
s e n r -
t r ,f ob
’
s e n r-
tr .

o b s c u r e a dj ob s k cu rz ; ( s om e t im es, an t e r i or ly )
’ ’
. ob s k cuz .

o b s e q u i ou s a d j i i
’
( i i i i i -k
’
o b e d e n t ; c r n.g n g) o b s r -
k w -os
, o b s r w

os .

ob se q u y n
; . f u n e ra l
[ pl ur al ob s e q u ies ] ob s r kw r
r it e fu n e r a l ' -
.

o b s e r v e v k e e p ; p e rc e iv e ; w a t c h [ a l s o s p e l t ob s erv ; p a s t p a r
.

t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t o b s e rv e d ob s e r v d ] ob z ozz v
’
.
,

o b s ol e t e a d j ( l d d ) l t , ( s om e
- i
'
n o o n ge r u s e ; o u t o f
. a t e e b s s
t i m e s pr e d ic a t iv ly or in a l ly ) ob s o h it
’
f .

ob s t e t r i c n ( of a m id w i e or a ccou ch e u r ) ob st e t grk , ob
.
'
f
’
s t e t grk.

ob t r u d e v ( t h ru st ort h ; t h ru st ; i n t r u d e ) ab t gu u d
. f ’
.

o b t r u s i v e a dj [ a l s o s p e lt ob tr u s iv ] ob t guu s rv ; ob t guu z i v
’ ’
- -
. .

o b t u r a t or n ( s om e t h i n g t h a’ t s t ops u p ) ob t cu z e t oz
’
-
. .

o b t u s e a dj ( b l u n t ; d u ll ) ob t cuu s , ob t cuu s ; ( d ia l e c t a lly ) ob

’
.

’
t uu s .

ob v e r s e n .
( sid e of a c oin w i t h t he he a d , e t c. : corre l a t rv of
r ev e r s e
; , f a c e f r on t )
b
o v oz s
-
’
.

o b v e r s e a dj ( pp
o o s i t ; o f l e a v e.s , n a rr o w e r a t t h e b a se t h a n

a t t h e t op ; a n s w e r in g t o a c ou n t e r p a r t ) ob v s zz s , ( a ss u m p
’

t iv ly ) ob -v oe s
'
.

oca r in a n ( m i l i m ) i
’
u s c a n s
. t r u e n t e k s e r -n
o .

o c c a s i on n ( pp
o o r t u n i t ; c .a u s ; j
e u n c t u r e ; e v e n t) o
’
y
k e e - on
s .

c: law , fur
a: ,
a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 8 : a sk , or k it e ;
h ot , or
l e n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d i n g s ou n d I S l on g ;
s t r e s s - m a rk I n d i ca t e s c h ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy l l a b l e .
3 68 DI C T I ON A R Y O F H ARD WORD S
k e e -se -n l-r, o ke e-so-nl r, ( ml
' ’
o cc a s i o n a l l y a dv . o ( rapidly)
t er i or ly ) o k e e -sonl r
'
.

o cc i d e n t ok sr-d nt , oks r-d on t

’
j (
'
n ., a d ) . w e st .

i - ol
o c c i p i t a l a dj
’ ’
( o f t h e o cc .
p )u t o k s rp x - i
t o k s xp t
r , .

o c c i p u t n ( b ack of t h e h e a d ) e k s i -pot
’ ’
oks x-p A t , .

id k i k -kA it
)
’ '
(
'
o c cu l t a dj h d e .n ; r e co n d i t e a A t o A l t o , , .

o c c u l t i s m n o kA l t rz om ; ( l ess p r op er ly ) o-kA l -t xz orn

' ’
-
. .

o c cu r r e n c e n ( f a c t o f o ccu
. r r i n g ; e v e n t ) o k s z on s o lu eons
'
,
'
.

o c e a n n ( m a in se a ) oo-S
'
. on .

o c e a n i a n a dj ( o f t h e P ac. i f i c o c e a n ; o f O c e a n i a ) os i’
ce -ni
i aen i-on
on , oS
'
.

o c e a n i c a dj ( f -li ke
) oSi z n rk
’
. o t h e oce a n ; oce a n .

j ( ha vin g oce ll i ; e sx-Iot.

'
like
’
oce l l a t e ad . an e ye ) os x-l e t ,
’
o s ciot .

l itt le oce ll i] o s s i es
’
oce l l u s n . ey e ; e y e le t [ pl ur al .

’
o c e l ot (
n. l e o p a r d -ca
t , t i g e r - a
c t ) o s r-l ot
, a o -s r-l o
t
’
.

]
’
o ch e r n [ a. l s o s p e lt o c h r e , o k er o o -k o
z

o ch e r ou s adj of t h e n a t u r e of or con t a i n i ng och e r ; oche r

.

c ol or d [ sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e s oc h r e ous, oc h r ou s ] oo-lt o-eos

'
.

o ch e r y a dj och e r -c ol or d ; of t h e n at u r e of och e r [ syn ony

.

m ou s cogn at e s och ry, och r e y ] oo-ko-z r '

.

’
o c h r e o u s a dj a o- ks i- as s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s och er ou s
’

. . .

o c r oa n s h e a t h of a s t e m or se t s ; b ird s b oot [a lso spe lt och

’
.

’
r e a ; p l u r a l ocr e a e ] oo-ks i- o
’
e ks i o -
, .

( g i h )
’
o c t a g on n e . t -a n
g l e d f i g u r e o k t o - on
g .

o ct a g on a l a dj ( g
e i h t -an g .l e d ; e ig h t -s i d e d ) o k’
t azg o -nl
, ok
’
t azgo- n ol .

o c t a h e d r on n e ig ht -s id e d s ol id [ al so s p e lt oc t a h e d r on ; sy n
.

on y m ou s c og n a t e s oct a e d r on , oct oe dr on ; pl ur a l oct a h e dr ons ,

oct a h e d r a l ok t o h ri -d t on
’
.

o c t a s t y l e a dj h a v in g e i gh t c olu mn s in fron t or a t t h e e n d
.

[ y ]
’
a l s o s p e l t o c t o s t l e o k t o -s t
ai l .

o ct a v e n ( p e riod of e ight d a y s ; grou p of eight lin e s ; n ot e ;

.

t on e -gr ou p ) ok- t e v
’
.

'
o c t a v o n b ook-si z e [ pl u r al oc ta v os ] ok t oc-v o, ok t u z-vo
’
. .

oc t e t n c om p os i ti on f or e ig h t v oice s , e t c ; gr ou p of e ight
. .

l in e s [ a ls o sp e lt oc t e t t e oc t e t t ] ok t e t
’
.
,

o c t o g e n a r i a n a dj ( o f t h e a g e
. o f e i h
g y yt e a r s ) o k t o -d r
s
’
n e z ci- ou
-
.

o c t o g e n a r y a dj ( ) k d d
’ ’
o c t o g e na r i a n
. o t o s x-n e z r
, o k t o s r -n oz r
,

okt od sr-n e z r ; ( i mp r op e r ly ) ok t o d sri-n o-z r

' ’
.

o c t o g y n ou s a dj ha v in g e igh t p ist il s [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e

.

oc t ogy n ou s ] ok t od sr- n os
’
.

j c
ye ,cu r e ; ot he , 0t h in ; ‘ 3 z u re , d z; j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch ew ;
w w h e n ; r) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on o ol , r i t , xi see f f ’

0 p oe t i c ; 9 ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , oo n o, 8 b e d , e e gat e ;
3 70 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
of f e n s i v e ad d isple a sin g [ al s o s p e l t off ens iv
j . a gg r e s s iv ;
a n d , f or m e r ly , off e n civ e ] o f e n t s rv , o f e n s rv
' '
.

o f f e r v p r e s e n t ; gi v e [ p a s t pa rt i ci p l e a n d p r e t e r rt offer e d ,
.

offe r d ]
'
oz foe , ( w h e n l e s s s tr e s t ) of oz
’
-
.

o f f i c e n s e rv ice ; p os it ion ; b u sin e ss-pl a ce [ a l so s pe lt off is ]

.

'
oz- f rs .

( off ice r ) o e ol
'
o f f i ci a l n . .

o f f i c i a l i z e v [ a l s o sp e l t o icia lis e ] o e o-l a rz

.
'
ff .

o f f i c i a t e v ( d i s ch a r ge a n off ice ) o e i-e t

’
. .

o f f i c i n a l a d j ( of an h e r b , pl a n t , d ru g ) o f rs r u i , e f xsa r-ui
' ’
-
. .

o f f i c i o u s a dj ( a tt e n t iv ; m e d dl e s om e ) o e os
’
. .

o f f s p r i n g n ( pr og e ny , i ssu e ) ozf - sps n )

'
. .

o f t a d v ( of t e n ) ozft
. .

of t e n a dv ( m a n y t i m
. e s; f r eq u e n t l y)
'
o z -
f on , ( w h en le ss
of on ; ( i n p a r t s of t h e n or t h of E n g la n d a n d Scot
’
s tres t)
l a n d, a n d t h e n or t h of Ir e la n d, w h e n ce als o b y s om e i n
'
A m e r ica ) ozf -t on , ozf-t n
'
.

of t e n t i m e s a d ( m a n y t i m e s ;
'
o f t
. e n ) o : -f
on t a rmz , ( w h en
’

f
y ) oz o t a rm z
' '
f
l e s s s t r e s t ) o on t s r m z ; (a te n r i o r l -
n -
.

-d i
' ’
o g oe n ( d .o u b l e c u r v e ) o d s r i a o s , .

og h a m n ol d B r it i s h a n d Iri s h a l f ab e t [ a ls o s pe lt ogam,
.

og u m, og ha m ]
’
ogom .

d d -d rv
' ’ ’
og i v e n (p o i n t.e d a r c h ) a o -
s a r v o s a i v , o o s , .

( m l m k y ) gol
’
ogl e v .c a s t a o r ou s g an c e s ; a e e y e s a t ; e e oo- .

m
'
- a t in
ogr e n ( m a.n e g o n s t e r ) a o -
g oz .

ogr e - l ike [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e ogr is h ]

'
og r e i sh a dj . oo— go
zI S .

’
ogr e ss n .
( In h e r a l d r y , r o u n d e l s a b l e ; p e ll e t) oo-gz rs .

og r e ss n .
( f e m a l e o g r e )
’
o o-
gz rs .

oh in t e rj . see 0 .

oh m (
11 . i ) oom
u n it of e l e ct r i c r e s s t a n ce .

o h o in t e r j e x p r e ss rn g s u r p r is e
. t au n t in g e xu l t a t ion e t c [ al so , , , .

’
s p e lt o h o O h o oh h o] o h oo
-
, , .

'
oi l i n e s s n o i
( y q l u a l it.
y e t c ) o I l r-
n rs , .
-
.

oi l l e t n e y e l e t ; l oop h ol e [ a l s o s p e l t oy l e t , oe il e t t e a n d
. f or ,

m e r ly o il c t oe ill e t ] oi l rt
’
-
.
, ,

( A f r ic a n q u a d r u p e d ) o k a z p r
'
ok a p i n .
-
.

o k r a n p l a n t [ s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e okr o] a o ks o
' ’
. oks o -
, .

o l d a dj ( t h at h a s Iiv d l on g ; a n cie n t e t c ) ool d ( w h e n un

.
, .
,

s t r e s t ) ol d 01 , .

( of a b yg on e a ge ; a n cie n t ) ool d n ool d on

’
ol d e n adj
'
- -
.
, .

o l d -f a s h i o n e d a d j ool d faej on d ( m d ond

f ae S
’
i l
’
p t ly) o o -
a s s u v . , .

o l e a g i n ou s a dj ( oil y f a t t y ) ol i aad gr n os
’
-
.
.
,

j ye , c cu r e : a the . 9 t hi n ; 5 az u r e , d ; j oy ; S s hoe , t Sc h e w ;
11) whe n ; n i n g ; S u w h oe v e r , i r e ac t
.

, , f
0 u l l ou fool , r it , 1 1 s e e ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , oo n o, 8 b e d, ee g at e ;
 DI CTIO NARY O F HARD WORD S 37l

ol e a n d e r n ( s h r u b ) ol i ae n d oz ; ( l ess p r op e r ly ) ou l i a n d oz
’ ’
- -
. .

o l e a s t e r n ( w i ld ol i v e ) ol i ze s t oz
’
. .

o l e f i a n t a dj i l m i i i i
’
( k g) t f
’ ’
o a n . o h - -
o n -
t , o o -l r -
a -
o n t a l e ti o t,
- n
,

( i
'
r a r e l y) o l l f a -
on t -
.

o l e i c a dj ( o f o i.l ; f a t t y ) o
’
l r i I k
’
oo l i rk ( r a r e l y)
'
o l i -
rk -
,
- -
, .

o l e i n n (p r i n
. c i p l e o f o i l s a n d f a t s ; e l a i n )
’
o u -
l i -r
n .

ol e o n ( ol e om a rg a r in e ) oo l i o
’
- -
. .

ol e o m a r g a r i n e n a r t i f ic ia l b u t t e r [ a ls o, s om e ti m e s , s p e lt
.

ol e om a r g a r in ] ol i o m u zz - go z in , ol i o m uzz - go- z m ; ( l e ss p r op
’ ’
- - -

’
e r ly ) ol i - o m a zz - d 3 o z i n -
.

f m e t o z r, ( a s s u mpt iv l y ) ol f a
k
’
l d j ( f ll ) l f e k t oz r,
’
o a c t o r y a o s e o . a -

( r a p id ly ) ol fze k t gl
’
.

ol i b a n u m n (g m i ) om
'
u -
r e s n . o l i b a -n
.

o l i g a r ch y n ( g ov e r n m e n t b y t h e f e w ; s m al l b od y of e xclu
.

ol r guz k r
'
s iv r u le r s ) -
.

ol i g e m i a n d e f ici e n cy of b l ood [ a l s o s p e lt olig a e m ia ] ol i

.

d 3 1 i - m i- 9
’
.

o l i o n h od ge p od g e f a r r ago m e d le y [ a ls o s p e lt ogl io] ao-l i- o

'
. .
, ,

o l i v e n t r e e ; f r u i t ; c ol or [ a l s o s p e lt ol iv ]
’
. ol rv .

ol i v e t n ( i )
’
o l v e.
g r o v e o l r-
vit -
.

o l i v e t n ol iv e a n ov a l b u t t on ; f a l s e p e a r l [ sy n on y m ou s c og
. ,

n a t e ol iv e t t e ]
’
ol r v e t -
.

ol i v i l n s u b s t a n ce f r om ol iv e -t r e e gu m
.
[ a ls o sp e lt ol iv il e ]
'
ol r v rl -
.

ol i v i n e n ol iv e - gr e e n ch ry sol i t e [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s
. s p e l t oli ,

v in ] oII -v m ol r- v a m
’ ’
.
,

ol l a h m n l e a r n e d m a n [ al so, s om e t im e s s p e l t oll a v , olla v e,

.
,

o ll a m ] ol ov ol om
’ ’
.
,

ol l a p o d r i d a n S
( p a n i s h m e a t -d i h
. s ; h odge p od ge , ol io) ol o
'
p o d t I i do
-
.

ol y m p i a d n ( p e r iod of f o’ u r y e a r s b e t w e e n s u cce s s iv O ly m
.

p ia n g a m e s ) o l xm p i ze d o l i m pi od
’
- -
, .

om b r e n c a r d g a m e [ a ls o
. s om e t im e s
-
s p e lt a m b e r ; s y n on y
, ,

m ou s c og n a t e h o m b r e ] om b ae , oom - bz o
’ '
.

om e g a n ( G k l ; l a s t w or d ) o m ri go, o m e ga
’ ’ '
r e e . e t t e r oo m x -
,
-

go .

om e l e t d i sh m a d e of e ggs , e t c [ a ls o s p e lt om e l e t t e ] om o
'
n . .

l ot om l ot
’
.
,

om e n n y) -m
'
(p re sa g e . a u g u r a o on , .

m k ) ks on
' ’
o i c r o n n ( G r e e l e tt e r .o m r k s o n o m a r- -
, .

m j ( f m f i l m ) m os , ( ass u mp
'
o i n o u s a d o o e n ; o e v o
. e n o I -n .

t iv ly ) e m m a s
’
.

’
o m i s s i b l e a dj ( p
c a a b l e o f b e i n g o m i.t t e d ) o m rs o-b ol
.

c: la w fu r
, a: , a: c a t , o b oy ; a : f or a n n ow or a s k
h ot . or , , , a: k it e ;
l e n gt h m a r k -
i n d i ca t e s t ha t t h e p r e c e d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e s s m a rk
-
i n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g f s y l la b le .
3 72 DICTI O N ARY OF H A RD WORD S

o mi t ,
'
i t 0 ( leav e ) )
’
un . ou t ( w hen l ess s t r e st o nn t.
om n e i t y n . al l n e ss [syn onym ous omnie ty ] e m n ri-l
'
cogn a t e

tr .

om n i e t y n om n ai - i -t i sa m e m ea n i ng omn eit y.
’
. . as

om n i p ot e n t a l m igh t y , f om n r oAtn t em
’
ad j . ( a l l -pow e r u l ) p ,

( as s u mptiv ly ) om n i pot n t om n rpot on t

’ ’ ’
n i po-t on t ; , .

m i i f m a m i
S ons ;
’ ’
o n s c e n c e n ( i n i n i t k n ow l e d g )
e e on s o nx .
-
,

( l ess p r op er ly ) om n i scon s om n i s i on s
’ ’
-
.
,

om op l a t e n s h ou ld e r b l a d e sca pu la
. [syn on ym ous cognate -
,

om opla t ] a o- m o- p L e e t
'
.

on pr ep
( u pon a t e t c ) on ( w h e n u ns t r e st ) on n
.
, , .
, , .

on a g e r n ( w ild a s s ) on o d se e
’
-
. .

on a n i s m n ( m a s t u r b a t i on ) ao n o n i z am
’
- -
. .

on c e a dv ( on e t i m e ) WA n t s ( a ls o a n d in B r it a in n ormally )
.
, ,

WA n s ( a ls o s om e t im es w h e n u n s t re s t ) w on s
, , , .

on e n ou n p r on ( i n d iv idu a l s om e b od y s ome t h in g) w it h ( w hen

-
.
, , ,

un s t r e s t ) w on .

on e - h o r s e a j
d w A n h o zz s ( ass u m pt iv ly) WA n -h ozz s .
'

,
'
.

'
on e r n ( s la n g ) on e w h o is u n i q u e [ a ls o sp e lt on e er] w a n oz
.
-
.

on e r a n ( pl u r a l of on u s ) on o z o
’
-
. .

( b u r d e n s om e ) on o z os ( a ss u mpt iv ly) ouaz al ;

' '
on e r o u s a d j .
-
,

( less p r op e r ly ) oo n o z os
'
- -
.

on e s e l f n ou n p r on ( on e s s e l f ) WA n s e l f ( w it h le ss s tress)
’ '
-
.
,
'
w on s e l f .

on e -s i d e d j WA n s a i d i d, ( m ptiv ly ) ’
WA n-ss x-d sd
’
ad .
-
ass u .

on i on n j
'
.
( p la n t ) A n on .

on l y
’
j j ( di a l e ct ally ) oni l
’
ad .
, a dv .
, c on . oo n l i ; -
.

on om a t op o e i a n . e ch ois m [ sy n on y m ou s cog na t e a na mot a

m i i
’
] m i m i j
’ ’
p o é s i s on o a t o p i -
o o n o --
a t o p i -
o o -
n o ot o p i - a
, , .

on om a t o p o e c a dj m i -i h
’ ’
-m i k
i o n o ae t o p r -
i , o -
n o o t o p i
. .

-m
on o m a t o p o es i s
’
n ( o n o m a t o p o e ia ) o n o z t o —
.
p o xi -ou
.

m i
’
o n-
o ota p o i -
s rs -
.

on t o p r e p [ al s o s p e lt on t o] on t u , ( w h en l e ss s t r es t ) e n t o
’ '
. .

o u s n b u d e n [p u e a]
’
n r . l ra l o n r a o -
n os .

on y x n a g a t e lik e q u a r t z [ a ls o, f or m e r ly , s p e l t on ix] oa t hs.

'
-
.

'
oo-n i k s .

o ol i t e n r oe st on e [ ]
’
-
. a l s o p t o
s e l o l i t e o o -
o-
la i t .

o ol o gy n s t u d y of d s e gg ; gg coll e c t in g [ a ls o s p e lt 08 lo
’
.b i r s e -

'
o ol o- d sr .

[ ]
’
oo l o n g n t e a a l s o. s p e l t o u l o n g u u -
l on .

ooz e v e xu d e [ p a s t p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r i t ooz e d , oos d ] unz

.

op a c i t y n ( d a rkn e s s ; opaq u e n e ss ; la ck of t ra n spa r en cy )

.

’
e s r-t i
o pa .

j 9 cu t e ; 0t h e , 9 t h i n
ye , 3 az u re , d s j oy ; S s h oe , t Scll ew ;
in w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct f f .

0 u ll , on ool , I i t , i t see ; ,

c poe ti c ; a ov er , e a e ri a l, A b ut , 0: door, oo n o, e b ed , e e gat e ;

37 4 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
or jcon (. h e n l
ozz , e s s s t r e s t ) o z , o
wz
'
.

- ol
or a l a dj ( s p ok e n , v e r b a l ; of t e
. h m ou t h ) o z
z .

or a n g e a d e n d
’
( b e v e r a g e ) o z x n d s e.e .

O r a n g e i s m n p r in cipl e of t h e O ra n ge A ss ocia t ion , or of

.

Pr ot e s t a n t a s ce n d a n cy in Ir e la n d [ a ls o sp e l t O r a ngis m ]
oz m -d si z om
'
.

ee rn dp -e r.
’
or a n g e r y n. ( p l a ce f or r e a r in g ora n ge -t re e s )
'
oz rn d s zi
-
.

or a n -
g ou t a n g n. a n t h r op oid a pe [ a l so sp e l t or a ng -u tau g,
'
our a n g o u t a n g ; s y n o n y m ou s c ogn a t e
- or a n g-u ta n ] a za ou-ta r
j,
’
o z aenu t ze n
- .

or a t e v. ( h ol d f or t h , s p e e chi fy ) '
oz-e e t , o e e e t
'
.

or a t or i z e v. p la y t h e or a t or ; s pe e c h i fy [ a ls o sp e l t or a t or ise ]
’
oe ot o- z a i z .

or e n . c e t a ce a n [ al s o , f orm e rly , s p e lt or k ] ozz k .

or c e i n n ( r e d. c o l o r i n g
-m
a t t e r r o m o r c i n ) o z z -
s i -
i n f ’
.

o r ch e s t r a n ( p a r t o f a t h e a t e r ; c om pa n y of m u s icia ns , et c )
. .

'
o :z - k i - s t i:o ; ( l e s s r o er ly ) oc k e s t go p p '
.

( O f a n or ch e s t r a ) oz ke s t gol
’
o r c h e s t r a l a dj . .

or ch i d n ( a p l a n t O f t h e O r chid c a e or orch is ord e r ; a n or

.

ch id a ce ou s p l a n t ) k 1(l -
.

d y e [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e a r c h i l ] ozz t S oze-krl

’ ’
or ch i l n .
- i l, .

h
or c i l l a n o r c h i l ; a . l s o , o r c h i l l a -
w e e d [ sy n on y m ou s cog na t e

or c h e ll a ] oz t S
'
i lo .

o r ch i s n ( pl a n t O f t h e ge n u s O r chis or of t h e or d er O rchi
.

)
'
d e ae ; t y p i ca l o r c h i d o ze -
ki s .

o ci
r n n c o l.o r l e ss s u b s t a n c e r o m o r c h i l l a -
f
w e e d ; orci nol [al so

s p e lt or c i n e ]
’
o zz s rn -
.

o r d eal n ( t r i a.l : t r i n g e x p e r i e n c e ) y '

o z z - d i-
o l ,
'
o z z -
dil ; ( l e ss
p p
r o e r l y ) oz d i i al
'
-
.

or d i n a l a dj ( m a r k in g p os it ion in a n or d e r or s e r ie s ; of a n
.

or d e r ) ozz d n ol , o zz d i u i , oze - d r- n ol
’ ’ '
- - - -
.

o r d i n a l n ( r u l e b ook ; s e r v ice b ook ) ozz d n ol , ozz -d i -n l , o:e

’ ' '
- - - -
.

d r- n oi .

or d i n a n c e n ( gu z d d
'
r e l a t i o n. ; d e cr e e )
'
o z - n -
o n s, o z z - i -
n on s .

o r d i n a r i l y a dv ( u s u a l l y, c o. m m o n l )
'
o zr -
d n -
e Z I -h
,
'
o zz -d r y
'
ll S Z I i l ; ( occ a s ion a l ly or v u l ga r ly ) oe d n e z r- l i , oz d i n e z r-l i
’
-
.

o r d i n a t e a dj ( o r d e r l r e gu l a r )
.
'
o zz - d n - ot y , .

-d a -et
or d i n a t e v d d i i )
’
( o r e r ,
r e
.
g u l a t e ; o r a n ; c o o r d n a t e o zz ,
’
ozz - d i - n e t .

or d n a n c e n ( art ill e ry ) oze d n on s

’
-
. .

or d u r e n ( d g) d d j oz
’ ’
u n o z o o z - '
. z s , z z -
.

or e n ( m e t a l l i e r ou s m i n e r a l ) oze
. f .

i ye c cu t e ; O t h e
, 0t hi n ; 3 a z u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h ew ; ,

in w h e n ; i ) S
i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u l l , ou ool , r i t , i i se c ;
.

, f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , c a e ri a l , A b u t , o: d oor , oo n o, 8 b e d , c c gat e ;
 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S 3 75

[ s p e lt or ga n is a t i on ] S
’
or gan i z a t i on n . a ls o oz gon i z e e - on ,

S
’
oz go- n a i z e e - on .

i z e v [ a l s o s p e lt or ga n is e ] ozz g o- n a i z
’
or gan
-
. .

or g a n z i n e n b e s t s il k t h re a d [ a l s o, s om e t i m e s , s p e l t org a n
.

z in ] o rz gon - z i n , o zz - ga n z i n
’ '
- -
.

d i
’ ’ ’
or g e a t n ( y p)
s ru . o z e - 3e
3 t , o zz -
s ot , oz 3 ci
-

or g u i n e t t e n ( m e ch a n ic a l m u s ica l i n s t r u m e n t ) oz g i n e t
’
. .

o r gy n r i t e ; d e b au ch e r
. y
[ a ls o s p e lt or gi e ; p l u r a l org i e s ] ozz
'

d sr ; ( e rr on e o us ly ) ozz - g i
’
.

or i b i n a n t e l op e
. [ a l s o s p e l t or e b i ; s y n on m ou s cog n a t e s y
or ob io, o u r e b i, or i b el oz r b i
’
-
.

o r i ch a l c n ( s om e y e ll ow or e or a lloy of copp e r p riz e d b y

.

'
t h e a n c i e n t s ) oz i kae l k -
.

or i e l n i ) i
'
(p o r.t c o , r e c e s s o z a -
ol -
.

a i on t
'
or i e n t n a dj (
., e a s t ) o z -
.
-
.

or i e n t v ( pl a ce s o a s t o a ce t h e e a s t ; in d t h e b e a r in g s of )
. f f
oz a i e n t
’ ’
oz z i e n t
- - -
, .

or i en t a l iz e v [ al s o sp e lt or ie n t a lis e ] oz i e n t l a i z
’
-
. .

( i
'
or i e n t a t e v ) i i
’
o r e n t o .z -
a o u t e t o z en tet - -
,
~
.

o r i f i c e n op e n in g , a p e r t u r e [ a l s o s p e lt or if is ]
'
. Q Z I f IS -
,,

or i f l a m m e n [a l so sp e lt or i l a m b a n d , or m e rly or ifl a m ]
. f f ,

oz r f u e m
'
-
.

o r i g i n a l a dj ( 'o f t h e o r i g . i n ; i r s t ) o
’
z i d s i -
u i , o
’
z x d s f
i - n ol
; ( as
s u m pt iv ly ) o z rd si n l , o z xd si n ol ; ( s om e t i m e s ,
’
r a id ly ) p
’ '
o z rd 3 n l , o z rd sn ol .

o r i l l i o n it p a rt of t h e d e e n s e O f a b as t i on [ sy n on y m ou s cog
. f
n a t e s o r il l on , or e il l on ] o e rl i on
’
.

) i
’
or i o l e n ( b i r d. o : -
a -
Ol .

o r i s on n (p r a .e r )
’
o z x z o n
'
y
o z r-
s on -
, .

o r m ol u n (’g o l d l
- e
. a ; g il d e d b r o n z e , e f t c )
'
o ze m o -
l u ,
’
o zz -
mo .
-

ij u , oze - m o l u u .

or n a m e n t n ( d m on t
’
a c c e s s o ry ; . e c o r a t i o n ) o z z n o - -
.

or n a m e n t v ( a d or n ) o :z n o m on t , oz n o m e n t
’ ’
- ~
. .

o r n a t e a dj ( or n a m e n t e d ; l ow e ry ) oz n e e t
.
’
f ,

or n i t h i ch n i t e n ( o s s il oo t m a r k.
) o z fn i O i k -n
f
a i t ; ( l es s ro
'
p p
e r ly ) oz n i ei k - n a rt
’
.

O r n i t h o g e a n a dj ( O f t h e O r n it h ogae a or Ne w Z e a l a n d r e .

i d i d i i
’ ’ ’
g o n ) o s o y o u o z -
n s i O o s i -
o u , o z n a i -
O o g
-
i -
ou - -
.

o r n i t h o l o g y n ( s c i e n c e o f b i r d s ) oz n i Sol o d sr .
-
.

o r n i t h o m a n cy n ( d iv i n a t ion b y m e a n s of b ird s ; a u gury )

.

’ ’
o ze m O O - m acu s i , oz n rO o m ze n s r oe n a i - O o-m a
’
-
cu s i
-
, .

o r n i t h or h y n ch u s d
'
n ( u c kb i l l ) o z n i e . o z i n k o s , o z -n
a i -
Oo
z mk os
’
.

or l a w fu r
, a: , as c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r d o n ow , u : a s k, a t k it e ;
h ot , or ,

l e n gt h m a rk -
i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d i n g sou n d i s l on g ;

st r e ss ma rk i nd i ca t e s ch i e f st r e s s on the follow rn syl l able

g
-
.
3 76 D I C TI ON A R Y O F H ARD W O RD S

or oi d e n .
g ol d -c ol
ord al l oy of coppe r a nd s ink [ al so, some
t im e s, spe lt or oid ] o:-e oi d , o:-z o-i d, oz-e o-ai d
' ' '
.

or ot u n d adj ( u l l ; r ich : sa id of
. t h e v oice f
)
’
oz-e o-tA nd
, ( l ess
f
o t en )
'
oz o-tA n d ; ( a ls o s ome t im e s, finally) o:-es ta nd . eso
’

tA n d
’
.

( O f O rphe us )
'
O h ea n
rp ad j . ozz - ii-ou
, oe
’
f i i-ou .

or p h r e y n .
gold e m b r oi d e ry ; b ord e r ; b a nd [also spe lt ar
f r ay ] '
oze -fs r,
’
oze -fs e .

or p i n pl a n t [ n.
a l s o s p e l t or p in ]
e o ze - in
p
’
.

or r e r y n ( d ev ic e t o. s h o w t h e m ot i on s o f t h e plan et s)
'
s es
zi .

o r t h o cl a s e n . ( pot a sh fe ldspa r ; orth ose ) o:e- o-lu .es,

'
0
O s -k L e z .

or t h o d r om y n ( sa ilin g on a gre a t circle ) es Oe dro mi , ow

’ '
.
-

m
O s d ro i , o -O s -
drom i
'
- zz .

o r t h o e p i c a dj of ort h oe py [ als o sp e lt or t h oépic] e ze -O o e p xlr

’
. .

or t h oe p i s t n on e v e rst i n ort h oe py [ al so spe lt or t h odpis t ]

.

ozz -O o- e p i st , ozz -O o-ip i st

' ' '
oz O oo-i -p i s t , .

or t h o e p y n p hon ol ogy ; c orre ct p ron u nciati on [al s o spel t

.

o r t h oep y ] oz O oo i p i
’ ’ '
- -
ozz O o e p i ,
-
oze -O o-ip i ,
-
.

( st ra ight j a w d ) oe O ogno O os, s eO og nee

’ ’
or t h o g n a t h ou s a dj - - .

G a s , ( r a r e ly ) o ag n w O as
’
.

al a j d i O g nl
'
or t h og o n ( g
r h t -
a n gl e d ) s c o a-
. .

o r t h o g r a p h i z e v f ol l ow or a pply t h e rul e s of ort hography

.

s p e ll ( a w ord ) c orr e ct ly [ a l so s p e l t or t h ogr aphis e ] os Oe ga

’

fai z .

or t h o g r a p h y n ( corr ect or c onv e n t ion al spe lli ng ; s pelling ,

.

i j -f i
’
l
a s o, ort h o gr pa h c p r o e c t i o n ) o z O og z a .

( d i
’
-O a i
o t
r h op a e d i a n o r t h o p e d y) . o zz p e -
a .

o t
r h op e di c a dj [ a l s o s p e l t o r
. t h o p a e d i c ] o o
’
p i i-d i
k, ocea
pe d i k
'
.

p ] O p d i st , ee fi
’
o t
r h o p e di s t n [ a l s o s p e lt .o r t h o a e d i s t e z o i - o
- id i s t
O
' '
p i i -d i s
t, e z z -
a p .

o r t h o p e d y n cor r e ct ion O f d e f or m it ie s in ch ild re n ; ort h ope

.

d ic s u rge ry [ a ls o sp e lt or t h op a e dy ] ozz -O s -pid i

’
.

o r t h o p t e r ou s a dj ( s t r a i g h t -
w i n g ) d
. o z
’
O o p t a-z os .

o r t h o t r o p ou s a dj ( g r ow in g v e rt ically or s t raig ht ) es O s txo

’
.

p as .

os n b on e [ plural oss a ] os
. .

o s n m ou t h [ pl u ra l or a ] os
. .

o s n [ pl ural os a r ] os
. sam e me a n i n g . a s os ar.

os a r n ka m e e sk a r 08 ; a l s o, p l u ra l of
. , , os [ w he n used as si n
l l ]
’
gu a r , pl u r a os a r s a o- u
s z .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 0 t h i n , 3 az u re , d z
, j oy ; S s hoe , t
, Sc hew ;
w w h e n ; i) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , i i t , xi m ; f f
o poe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ria l , A b u t , o: d oor , s o n o, e e d , e e gat e ; b
3 78 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
( a q ua t ic m a mm a l )
'
ot t e r n. ot az .
m e a n 1 n g a s a tt a r sam e
’
ot t o n . ot o . .

) u c h i n t e rj ( e xp r e s s i n g pa in or a n n oy a nce ) out s
. .

o u c h n ( cl a s p , b u ck l e , f ib u l a , b r ooch ; se tt in g ) c ut s
. .

o u t in t e r j e xp r e ss xn g a s e n se of s t i f lin g [ al so spelt onff ] a u f

.

ou g h t n ( ci p h er , z e r o) c zt
. s e e n augh t . .

o u g h t n ( an y t hi n g ) c zt
. se e a u g h t . .

ou g h t v ( p r e t e r 1t of ow e ; b e b ou nd in du ty ; b e f it ; b e
'
.

h oov e ) czt , ( w h en u n s t r e s t ) ct , c .

ou g h t n d ia l e c t a l ( p os s e s si on ) c zt
. s e e ou g h t . .

o u n c e n ( u n i t of w e ight ) a un t s, nun s
. .

ou n ce n .
( ly n x ) a u n t s , ou n s .

ou p h n. [ al s o s p e lt ou p he a n d, f orm e rly , aw f, onf] uu f , ou f .

same me an 1 ng as oa f .

ou r a dj -p r on .( of ) a uz ( w h e n u n s tr e s t ) oz
. us , .

o u r s e l f n ou n p r on [pl ura l ou rs e lv es ou r s elos] c oz se l f

-
'
. .
,

o u r s e l v e s n ou n p r on ( pl ural of ou rs e lf) ous selv z ( w h en

’
-
. ,
’
l ess s t re s t ) oz se l v z .

ou s t v '
( e j e ct ) ou st ; ( i m p r op er ly ) ou st
. .

o u t -a n d -o u t a dv ( t h oroly ; d ow n right ) a u t n aot

’
-
. .

a dj ( m i
’
o u t -a n d -o u t c o p l e t e ; t h or og o n g) a o-t u -oot
. .

ou t -b o u n d a dj ( ass u m pt iv ly ) a ut b ound
’ '
out b ou n d . ,
—
.

o u t d o o r a dj ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) a ut d ozz
’ ’
a u t d ozz . ,
-
.

( w h e n l es s s tr es t ) a u dazes
’
o u t d o o r s a dv o u t d ozz z
’
. .
,

( e f f lu x ) a u t i L oo
'
ou t fl ow n .
-
.

ou t f l o w f l
( ow ou t ) a u t f a oo
’
.

ou t gen e r al 71. [ pa st p a r t rc rpl e a nd pr e t e r rt on tgen e ral ed ,

o u t g c n cr a ll e d, ou tg e n c r a l d ]
d se n o- z al
’
a ut .

o u t l i e r it ( on e w h o l ie s sl e e p s , or lod ge s ou t ; outside r ; ou t
.
,

l y in g d e e r ; b ou ld e r ; ou t l y in g p a r t ; s e t li n e ) a ut -l a i-oz '
-
.

( ou t st a r e ; l ook ou t or f ort h ) a ut l uk
'
ou t l o ok .

'
o u t l o ok n ( w a t c h ; p r o s
.
p e c t ) o u t - uk
l .

o u t -o f -t h e -w a y a dj ( r e m ot e , s e clu d e d ; odd ; d ev ious) oo .

t s b s w r e ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) ou- t s b o- w e e
’ ’
.
,

ou t r a g e o u s a d j ( e x c e ss i v ; v i o l e n t ;. a t r o ci o u s ) ou t
’
s e e -d as
s .

o u t r é a dj ( e cc e n t r ic ; e x a gge ra t e d ) u t ge e
’
. .

ou t i h t d j ( t i h t o d i t ; o t d -ou t
; com pl et e )
-
r g a s r a g n ; . r e c u a n
’
m i l
’
n u t z a rt ( p t y) n t z a rt
-
ass u , v u .

’
o u t s i d e i t ou t s a rd ( a n t e r ior ly )
’
. n u t - s a xd . .

m
’
o u t s i d e a dj n u t s a rd ( sat d
'
a s s u
.
p t i v l y) o u t -
, .

o u t s i d e a dv a u t s m d
’
. .

ou t s p o k e n a dj ( ca n d id f r a n k ; d is t in ct ; spoke n ou t ) out
. ,

s p oo k a n ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) ou t s poo k on
' ’
- — -
, .

j ye ,c cu r e ; a t h e 0t hi n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t sche w ; ,

w w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a c t 0 u ll , u u ool , r i t , ri s e e ; , f f
0 p oe t 1c ; s ov e t , e a c n a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 79

el
’
ou n b la ckb ir d , m e r l e [ a l s o s p e lt ou s e l ] ou z al
.
-
.

ov a r y n ( orga n i n w h ic h ov a e ggs or ov u l e s a re p r odu ce d ;

.
, ,

g e r m e n
'
) a o e a x, ( a d y ) ao v z x
v r i -
l
’
--
p .

ov e r re p p ( a b ov e , e t c ) oo v az , ( w h e n l e s s s tr e s t ) ov az
.
’
.
-
’
.

ov e r a l l n ( c ov e r i n g ; ou t e r g a r m e n t , a s a c l oa k , u l s t e r , w a t e r
.

p r o o ; t uf n i c , b l o u s e ; I n p l u r a l , o u t s i d e t r ou s e r s , e t c )
’
ao .

voz -ozi ; ( ca t a c h r e s t ic a ll y, i n t h e l u r a l s e n s e of ou t sid e t r ou p

)
’
s e rs a o -v
a z -
h c zl z .

o v e r - a l l a dj ( i n c l u d i n g e. v e r y t h i n g b e t w e e n e x t re m e p o i n t s )
a o-v az c zl , ( s o m e t i m e s, a s s u m pt i v ly ) a o v ae - c zl
’ ’
-
.

ov e r c a s t a dj ( ca s t a w a y ; c l ou d e d ov e r ; s e w n b y ov e r ca st i n g)
.

ovaz k a zs t ( as s u m pt iv ly ) a o-v az - k s zst

' ’
.
,

ov e r d r a f t n [ a l s o s p e l t o
. v e r d r a u g h t ]
’
a o -v az -d t a zf t c o m .

pa r e d r a t f .

ov e r h a u l v ( s lacke n , e t c ; p u l l a su n d e r i n or d e r t o e xa m in ,
. .

e t c ; ov e r t a k e ) ov ae h c zl
’
. .

-h l
’
o v e r h a u l n ( a c t i o n o f . o v e r h a u l i n g ) a o -v
a z c z .

o v e r h e a d a d v [ a l s o s p e l t ov e r / i e d ] ov a z h e d
'
. .

ov e r h e a d a d j [ al s o s p e lt ov e r h e d ] ov az h e d ( ass u m pt ivly )
’
.
,
'
ao-v oz h e d -
.

ov e r p a s s a pa s s ov e r ; c r oss [ p a st pa r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e rrt
.

p
ov e r a s s e d ov e r a s t ] ov az p a zs ,
’
p .

ov e r r e a c h v ( r e a ch ov e r ; ov e r t a k e ; st ri ke t h e h in d oot
'
. f
a g a in s t t h e f
or e f oot ; ou t d o ) ov a z ri t S
’
.

ov e r s e a a dj ( t r a n s m a r i.n e ; o r e ig )n
’
a o -
v oz s xi f -
.

o v e r s e a a d v ( a c r os s t h e s e a ; a b r oa d ; ov e rs e a s ) a o v oz s ri
’
-
. .

ov e r s e e a ( s u r v e y ; in s p e ct ; s u pe r v is e ; ca t c h sight of ; f or
.

g e t ) ov az s ri
'
.

' '
o v e r s e e r n ( p
su e r v i s
. o r ) o v o z s xi -
s e ( a n t er i o r l y) a o -
v a z -s ri
,
’ ’
o ; (
z a l s )
o o v a z s x zz a o -
v a z s rzz ,
-
.

k
'
o v e r s l a u g h 71 (p a s s o v e r , s . i p; g i n o r e ; h i n d e r ) a o -
v o z -
sa c
’
ov az s a c :
t a dj ( l i
’ ’
ov e r . op e n , p a n )pa t e n t ,
o v s zz t a o-
v oe t , .

’ ’
ov e r t u r e n ( f o
. r m a l p r op o s a l ) a o -
v oz t Suz ao -
,
-
v oz - t cu z .

ov e r w r ou g h t a dj ( w or k t u p ; ov e r e x cit e d ;
.
-
ov e r - l a b or d )
’
ov az z c zt .

j ( of s h e e p ; s h e e p- l ik e a o-v a m a o-v m
'
ov i n e ad .
) .

o v i p a r o u s a dj .
( p r od u cin g ov a or e gg s ) 0 v 1 p o-z a s .

ov o v i v i p a r o u s ad j .
p r od u ci n g e gg s h ic h a r e h a t cht w it hin
w

t h e b od y of t h e pa r e n t [als o s p e lt ov o v i v i a r o u s ; s y n on y
-
p
m ou s c og n a t e ov i v iv i
-
p a r ou s ] o v o-
v a r v r o
p z as
-
’
.

ow e a . h a v e t o p a y [ p as t p a rt rc rp l e and p r e t e r rt ow e d, ow d]
ao .

or l a w f ur,
, a: a: c a t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow , u : a s k , 8 1 k i t e ;
l e n gt h m a r k -
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l o n g ;
st r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 c a t e s c hi e f
s t re s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy ll a b l e .
3 80 DI CT IO N A RY O F HARD WO R D S
have [ post pa rt rcrple an d
’
ow n a . as on e s ow n , e t c .
pre t errt
ow n e d, ow n d ] oon .

ox n . b ov in e [plural ox e n ] oks .

l rk , ( ass u mpt iv ly ) ok-sa l xk

'
ox a l i c a dj
’
. ok sz .

o x a li s n ( p l a n t ) oksa -l rs
'
. .

oxi d e n [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s pel t ox i d a n d , orm e rly, an d s,

. . f
oxyd ] ok s a xd , ( b e or e of ) oks xd
’
-
’
f .

-d s x
o xi d i z e ] k
'
[ a l s o s p e l t o x i d is e o s r z .

m o s d st n
'
x
o yge n n (e l e e t)
n. k x-
.

e k s xd sx- n e t , e k s rd sr-n e t
' ’
o xy g e n a t e v . .

[ a s o, ra y , spe l t o yg e s e ] e d , sk
'
o xy g e n i xe l r e l x n i k s r sx-n s rz

’
s xd sx- n a rz .

o y e r n ( c r i m in al t r ial ; h e a r i n g) ao-j az
’
. .

oy e s i n t e rj h e a r ! [ a l s o s p e lt oy e ss ; syn on ym ous cogn a t e

.

a y e ] oo j e s , o j e s ; ( e s s
s
’
-
’
l r o e ly )r
’
ao -
j ez p p .

( b iv a lv m l u )
’
oy s t e r n . o l s k o r -
s t az .

m in e ra l w a x [ sy n ony m ous cogn at e os ohsfl t s ]

'

o z o ce r i t e n .

’ ’
o z os a- z a l t , oz o s xz-z a t t .

o z ok e r i t e n .
’
o z ao - ka z a rt ,
-
oz a
’
k xz-z a xt . sa m e me a n i ng as
oz oce r i t e .

os o n e n .
'
ao -z
on ; ( l es s p r op erly ) '
o z oon .

-n rk
o xon i c a dj
'
( of or l k ) k
'
. i e oz on e o z e n r , o z a o .

os on i z e v. c on ve rt in t o oz on e ; t r e a t w i t h oz on e [ al so sp el t
oe on is e ]
’
a o- z o-n a rz .

( sp ot t e d ca vy pze ks
'
-k a
'
p a ca n .
) p a z , .

p a ch a n s e e as h a . p .

p a c h i s i n g a m e [ y
.s n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e a r c h e e s i ] p S O
'
t r i -s r
, p
S SI
'
p a t I i -
.

h d m ) p k d e zz m
’
p a c y e r n ( t hi c k s k i n d q u a
. d ru p e d a -
I - .

p a ci f i c a d j ( p e ace m ak in g ; c a l m ) p o s rk
’
-
. .

p a c i f i c a t i o n n ( a ct i on or a ct of p ac i y in g ; t re a t y of pe ace )
. f f
Sn, p k San
’ ’
p w s rf t k e e -
a a -
s r f r e e -
.

p a c i f i c a t o r n ( p e ace m a k e r ) p a s t f r k e t oz
’
- -
. .

p a c i f i c a t o r y a dj p a s rk a t oz r, pa s r f rk o t ae r
’ ’
- -
. .

k rd s
'
p a c k a g e n (p a c k i n g o
. f g oo d s ; p a c k e t p a rc e l ) p a e , .

p a c k e d a d j [ a l s o s p e l t a c k t ] paekt
. p .

p a d e l i o n n o b s ol e t e .
( l a d s -
m a n t l e , a p l a n t ) p
'
ae d y
r-l a i-
'

ou ,
i s n , ( r a r e ly ) p o d xi l i ou
’ ’
p aed x l s - - -
.

p a d r e n ( a
. t h e r
’
) p d rraf z-
.

p a d r o n e n m a s t e r [p
. l u r a l a d r on i ] p a
’
d t oo -n x p .

j c cu r e ; it t h e , 9 t h in ; 3 a z u r e , d ; j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc he w ;
ye ,
w w h e n ; n s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct 0 u l l , u u ool , I i t , u s e e ; . f f o

0 poe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e n a l, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , e e gat e ;

38 2 DI C T ION ARY O F H ARD W O RD S

p a l e ol i t h i c a d j of ol d e st st on e i m ple m e n t s . [ al so s pe lt pa
la e ol it h ic ] p e l i- a l xk , pa l i-o l l el k
' ’
.

p a l e on t ol o gy n s ci e n ce of e x t in ct li e [ also sp e lt palas on . f
’
t ol ogy ] p e li-on t ol a-d sx, pa l i - e n t ol a -d sr
’
.

p a l e o z o i c a d j o f a n c i e n t li e [ a l s o s p e lt Pal e oz oic , pal ace

. f
z o ic, P a l a e oe o ic ] p e l i- a z oo- rk , pa l i-a z oo- rk
’ ’
.

p a l e s t r a n w r e s t l i n g
-
s c.h oo l ; gy m n as iu m [ al so spe l t pol ar s
t r a] pa l e st zo
'
.

-l r
'
p al et n. ( b r a c t ; p a l e a ) p e e t .

m l
'
p a l e t o t n (g a
. r e n t ) p at x -t o .

p a l e t t e n p a i n t e r s t ab le t [ a l so spe lt
.
’
a ll e t ]
’
pe l xt p .

fm , pael fs x
' '
l -h
p a l f r e y n ( sa d
. d e o rs e ) p c zl -
.

p a l l n ( clot h ; v e st m e n t ) p c zl
. .

p a l l a d i u m n s a f e g a r .d [p l u ra l a l l a d i a ] p e o
'
l e -d i p
- om .

p a l l a h n a n. t e l o p e , i m p a l l a [ a l s o s p e lt a ll a ; sy n on ym ous p
cog n a t e s a a la , p al a, p p
h a ll a , ph a al a ] pazl a
'
.

p a l l e d a d j l a t . s t a lf e ; s a t i a
, t e d , c l o y d [ a l s o s pe lt pal d] pczl d .

p a l l e t n ( m at t re ss ) pa l rt
'
. .

'
p a l l e t n ( .t o o l ; v a l v e ; li p on a p a w l ) pael xt .

m l i
'
p a l l i a t e v ( e x c. u s e ; i t ig a t e ) p ae -
et .

p a l l i a t i v e a d j [ a l s o s p e l.t a l l i a t i v ] p
'
a p
l i -e t rv
,
'
p a l i -o-t xv .

l l -m a l l n m e ) p el me l
'
p a ( g a . .

p a l l or n ( p a l e n e s s ) pml az
'
. .

p a l m a t ou c h w i t h t h e p al m ; c on ce al in t he palm ; pass off

.

b y t r ick e r y ; b r ib e [ p a st pa rt rc rpl e a n d pre t e r 1 t pai nt e d,

pa l m d ] pa zm .

p a l m a r a dj ( of t h e p a lm of t h e h a n d ) pa l m az
'
. .

m -me
j (
'
m h ) p
'
p a l a t e a d l i k e t h
. e o p e n p a l o f t h e a n d a l t , pc l
m at .

m (p g i l i m m ) p -m oz
'
p a l e r n . r ; w o r o z .

p a l m e t t o n ( d w a r f a n pa l m e t c ) p te l m e t a
.
-
f '
. .

p a l m i s t n ( p a l m is t e r ) p oz m rs t p ze l m xs t
’ ’
-
.
, .

p a l m i st e r n ( on e w h o p ract is e s pa l m is t ry ; chi roman cer )

.

’ ’
p a z m
-
I -
s t o z , p ze l n u -
s t oz .

p a l m i s t r y n ( c hi r o m . a n c ) p
'
a z- m x - s y
t r , p
t
’
e l m x-
stx r .

m j (p m l i ) p
'
p a l y a d a .l - k e a z -m x .

p a l p a b l e a dj ( t a n g ib l e ; m a n i e s t ) px l p o b ol
.
'
f -
.

b l d j ( f h l i d ) p p
’
p a l p e r a a o t e e y
. e s ze l r-b z ol
.

( l i ) p
'
l
’
p a s g r
'
a v e i t c o u n t .
p a a t n e c z l z -
g e e v p ze l z -
gz e v , .

p a l s i e d a d j ( a f e c.t e d w i f
t h p a l s y; t o t t e r i n g) p
’
c z l -z t d
.

p a l s y n (p
. a r a l s i s ) D
'
c zl -z
y r .

p a l t e r t"
t r if
. l e : s h i ft : e q u iv oc a t e [ p a s t p a r t rc rple a n d p re t
e r rt f a l t e r e d pa l t e r d ] p c zl t oz
' '
-
. .

j y e . c e u r o : b t h e 0 t h i n : 5 a z u r e ( 13 j oy : Ss h oe , t sch ew ;
. .

w w h e n ; r) s i n g : i t w h oe v e r , 1 r e act 0 u l l on ool , I it , xi se c ;
.

, f . f
0 p oe t t e ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 83

l r i n e ss ( q u a l it y
l
’
p a t o f
n b .e i n g p a t r y) p c zl -
t gr -n
rs .

l dj ( b b i h h ) p
’
p a t r y a r u s y;. w o r t l e s s e zi -
t gt .

d j m ’
l l ( f i
’
p a u a a d o a a r s h .o r f e n ; p a l u s t r a l ) p ze l i u -
d l , p a l uu

dl .

p a l u d i n e a dj o f a m a r s h ; p .a l u d i n o u s ; p a l u d a l [ a l s o , s o m e

t im e s , s p e lt a l a d in ]
’
-
p
pae l iu d m , p ae l i u d a m
’
-
.

p a l u s t r a l a d j ( of m a r s h e s ; p a lu d a l ) po l A s t gol
’
. .

p a l u s t r i n e a d j p a l u s t ra l , p a l u d a l.
[ a l s o s p e l t p a l u s t r i n ] p a

l A s t gm
’
.

p a m p a s n ( p l u r a l of . a m a)
’
pze m p oz , pa m p as
'
p p .

p a m p e a n a dj of t h e p a m p a s [ a l s o s p e l t pa mpa e a n ] pze m p xi
'
.

’
on pa e m p i- a n .

p a m p e r v cr a m w i t h ood ; ov e r in d u lge [ p a st pa rt rc rp le a n d
. f
pr e t e r 1 t p
a m e r e d pa m pe r d ] p '
px m poz , .

m ( i ) p m
’
pa p e r o n w n d a .
p e z-
zo .

p a m p h l et n sm all t r e a t is ; . a s cicl e [ a ls o spe lt pa mfl e t ] f

'
pae m ot .

p a n a ce n . f ab u l ou s he rb [ a lso , for m e rly , s p e lt p a n a ce e ]

s i.
'
pa n o-

( cu r e a ll , c a t h ol icon ) m
’
p a n a ce a n. -
pae n o -
o .

pan a ch e n .
( p lu m e ; f
t u t ) po
’
n az s , pa
’
nw s .

p an a da b r e a d pu dd i n g [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s
n -
an a d o, pa p
n a d e ] p a n oz d s -
.

P a n a m a a dj pze n o m o
’
( m -m o
'
. a s s u p t i v l y) p a n o .

p a n c h n p a zn t S.
p o z n tS , p c zn t S; ( a ls o a n d i n B r i t a in n or m a l
, ,

ly ) p a a , pa a , p c a s a m e m e a n 1n g as . a u n ch p .

p a n c h e o n n b o w l ; p a n . [ a l s o s p e l t a n c h i on ; s y n on y m ou s p
cog n a t e s a n c h in p
pa n s h m pa n s h o n ] p ae n t S ,
'
on , pa
'
an .

p a n c h w a y n b o a t [ s n o n . m o u s c o g n a t e y
p a n s w y
a y] p
'
a n t S -w e
.

( d ) p i i
’ ’
b k k
'
p a n c r e a s n s w e e t r e a
. a e n s -
o s p na s -
os , p n
ae k s i -
aes , .

j k i mt xk pacnks i x t xk
’ ’
p a n c r e a t i c a d p ze n s .
, .

i - m
m o tm
’
k i
'
p a n c r e a t i n n p ae n s o t , . p n k s - - -
.

P a n d e a n a d j of Pa n [ a l s o s p e l t P a n d a e a n ] p zc n d ri ou , pze n ' ’
-
.

d i on -
.

p a n d e m o n i u m n h e l l , e tc [ a ls o sp e l t a n d a e m on iu m ] pa n
. . p
d t m oo- u i e m
'
-
.

p a n d o u r n g u a r d , e t c
. [ a l s o s p e l t a n d oor , . a n du r ]
'
pa n p p
d oze .

p a n d o w d y n a p p l e p u dd i n
.
g [ s n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e p a n y
d ou l
d e ] pae n d a u - d r
’
.

p a n e n (p i e ce. ; s i d e ; w i n d o w - li
g ht ; p a n e l ) p e e n .

p a n e g y r i c n ( e u l ogy ) p aan x d sl z t k
’
. .

p a n e gy r i s n ( e s t a l a s s e m
. b l ) pf a
’
m i -
d s l z rs p o
’
n e d y -
s zts
r —
, .

c: l aw , fu r a: , a cat , o b oy ; a : f a r on n ow 3 : a s k
h ot , or , , , or kit e ;
l e n gt h m a r k -
I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d rn g s ou n d rs l on g ;
s t r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g syllab le .
38 4 D I C TI ON ARY O F H A R D W O RD S

e g yr i st pa n r dsm
'
( e n com ias t
'
p an n. , eu l ogi s t ) st , pc n r
d sl z rst .

p a n e g yr i s o 0 . [ a ls o s p e l t p an egyris e ] pa n rdsr-e s rz '

.

r e ligi ou s f est iv a l ) -d m
p a n e g y r y n ( p an e gy r is ;
'
.
pz n r s , po
n ri d sl z r, ps n e d sr-z r
' '
- -
.

p an el [pr e se n t p a rt rcrpl e p an e ling p an elling ;

, pas t port r
c rp l e a n d p r e t e r rt a n e l e d, p p a n e ll e d pan eld ] pa nl , pe nal
,
’ '
.

p an gen e n .
g e rm -ce l l u n it [ syn on ym ou s cognat e parag on ]
'
z
e n -d in
p s .

' ’
p an g ol i n ( n an t -e a h t er)
n , p ngz o o
paong -l rn o- .

i i —k r
j ) p
’
p a n i c k y a d j ( o f p a n . c ; su b e c t t o p a n c a n r .

p a n i cl e n m od e of i n fl or e s ce n ce [ al s o, forme rly, spe lt pan

.

n icl e ] pa
'
e n r-k al .

) p e n j oz
'
i ( i
’
p a n n e r n b as k e.t a n -
az , pa .

p a n o r a m a n ( c o m p l.e t e o r e n t i re v ie w ; cycl ora ma ) plen a

z a : m o, pa n o z oz m o ; ( l es s p r op er ly) pa n s z a mo, pe na s s e
' ’ ’ '
- -

mo .

m j e a p a n ora m a ) pa n a z z m rk
’
p a n o r a i c a d ( o f o r li k . .

p a n s y n h e a r t
. s e as e [ p l u r a l p a n s ie s ]
'
p a n z r .

p a n t v (.b r e a t h e h a r d ) p o z n t ; ( d i a l e c ta lly ) pa nt , pc znt .

p a n t a l o o n n l a r g e d. u l c i m e r [ sy n ony m ou s cogn at es pan t a

l on p a n t a l on e p a n ta l oon ] pze n t ae li-on

'
.
, ,

a n t a l e t s n f r i l d d r a w e r s ; b l oom e rs [ al s o sp e lt pa n t al e t t s s ]
p .

'
p azn t l e t s , pa n t a l e t s
’
.

’
( e t c ) paen t l uu n z , pa n t a l uu n z
’
p a n t a l oo n s n t r o u s e r. s , . .

p a n t h e i s m n ( d o c t r i n . o f t h e id e n t i t y of G od w it h all t h ings
a l s o w or s h ip of a ll t h e g od s )
,
'
p ze n -
O i - rz
a m ,
'
p a n O i -
rz am .

’
p a n t h e o n n ( t e m p l e
. o f a l l t h e g o d s , e t c ) p as u Oi -an
, pa n .

O xi-ou
'
.

a n t i l e n cu r v d t i l e ( e r r on e ou s sy n on y m ou s cogn at e pen
p .

t il e ] pw n -t a t l
'
.

p a n t i s o c r a c y n ( q
e u a l ru l e. o f a ll ) p a
e n t r
’
s o k g s -s
r , p a n -t ar

’
s oks a -s x .

p a n t i s o c r a t n ( a d v o ca t e
. o f p a n t i s o c r a c y) p ae n
’
t o r-se -k a
s t .

p a n t o f l e n s li p p e r. [ a l s o s p e l t p a n t o l e ; s y n o n y m ous cog ff
n a t e p a n t ou l e , pa n t oofl e ] f ’
pze n t a f ol pae n t ofol
-
'
, .

-i
p a n t o g r a p h n d r aw i n g .n s t r u m e n t [ a l s o e r r o n e o u s l y sp e lt
p an togr ap h ; e r r on e ou s sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e s pan tigr aph,
p e n t agr ap h, p e n tagr a p h p e n t agr ap h ] paon t a-gz azf ,
’
.

m m d -m
m
'
p a n t o i e n ( m i m i c . a c t o r ; u m b s h o w ) p ae n t o a l .

m m i m m t m rk
’
p a n t o i i c a d j ( o f a p a n t o. m e ) p a n t o .

m i m m -m
'
p a n t o i s t n p ze n t o a r. r s t -
.

i
’
a
p p a n ( p o
.
p e ; p r e s t ) p a z p a -
.

j ye , c cu r e ; a the . 8 t hi n 5 az u r e , d; j oy : S s h oe . c
t S he w ;
h oe v e r t r e a ct 0 f u l l on f ool I i t u se e ;
.

at w he n ; r) s in g ; u w , , . . ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l A b u t 9 : d oor s o n o e b e d , s o gat e ;
. , , ,
3 86 DICTIO N ARY O F HARD WOR D S
p a r a cm ( p oin t or p e riod b e y on d
e n . the culmin at i on )
’ ’
p o z ze k m r ( ol d e r ) p o z aek mi
, .

p a r a d i g m n ( e xa m ple m od e l ) pte e s d rm -d s rm
' '
.
,
-
, pw e o .

p a r a d i gm a tic ad j . ( lik e a pa r a d igm ; e x e m p la ry ) pm d rg

ma t t k
’
.

p a r a d i sa i c ad j d k sa m e m e a n 1 ng a s pa r ad is iac
’
ae a -x
. p z r s e e . .

sa m e m e a n 1 n g as para
’
p ara d i s a i c a l a dj p a z o d t se e - -k
I ol . .

d is ia ca l .

p a r a d i s e a n a d j’ ( o f p a r a d is e ; o f t h e pa r a d is e a or b ir ds of
.

p a r a d i s e ) p m z o d xs i o
- u
.

d i ) p d i ’
d
’
p a r a d i s i a c a d j ( of p a r a s e aez o x
.s -a k
, p u s rz i —
ak .

i s l , pz z ad r z ai
'
j (p di i ) p d - -k
’
p a r a d i s i a c a l a d a r a s a c a z a x s a o
.

o- kol .

i i
’
p ara d i s i a l a d j ( o f p a r a d i s e ; p . a r a d s a c ) p u s d x s i-a l
, preca
d l z i ol
'
-
.

p a r a d o x n ( s t a t e m e n t or t e n e t con t ra ry t o r e ce iv d op ini on ;
.

or r e a l l y s e l f c on t ra d ict ory ) pm
’
s om e t h i n g a p p a r e n t ly -

d ok s .

p a r a e n e s i s n e x h o r t a t i o n . a d v ice [ a l s o s p e l t pa r sn esisl pa
,
'
z xi- n x s xs p a e e n x- s xs
'
-
.
,

p a r a f f i n n w a x l i k e .s u b s t a n c e , e
-
t c [ a l s o s p e l t p araffi n e ] .

fm
’
p ae z o -
.

p a r a g o g e n ( a d d i t i o n o
. f a l e t t e r o r s yll ab l e t o a w ord )
’
p te r o g oo d sr
-
.

p a r a g r a p h [ a l s o s p e l t p a r a gr a ; p a st pa rt rcrpl e an d p re t f
e r 1 t p a r a g r a p h e d, pa r a gr af t ]
’
p o gz ozf
w z -
.

p a r a g r a p h e r n p a r a g r a p h i s t [ a. l s o s p e l t par a gr afer ] pa e o
’

ge m f oe
-
.

p a r a k e e t n p a r r ot ; s m a ll p a rr ot [ a ls o s p e lt p a rr ak e e t, par o
.

k e e t ; s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s p a r oq u e t p a r r oq u e t, perr oqu at ; ,

f or m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e p a r a k it e ] pw z o-kit ’
.

i i m i h ) p -k
’
p a r a k t e n ( k t e r e s e
. b l n g a p a r a c u t e a e z o a rt .

p a r a l i p s i s n p r e t e n d e d o r
. s u g g e s t e d o m i s s i on [ sy n on ym ou s
c og n a t e s p a r a l e ip s is p ar a le p s is , pa r a l epsy ] pz z o l rps xs '
.
,

p a r a l l a x n ( a pp a r e n .t di s p l a ce m e n t of a n ob j e ct d u e t o s e

t u a l c h a n g e of t h e p oin t of ob s e rv a t ion ) pw z s - ite k a

’
.

j (
’
l l l i l i i -l
l -lol
’
p a r a e a d c o n t n u o u s .
y e q u d s t a n t ) p ze e o e , p a z a ,

( a s s u m pt iv ly ) pa s al oi ( r a p id ly o t e n ) pze z l ol
’ '
, ,
f .

p a r a l l e l a [ p r e s e .n t pa rt rc rpl e p a r a l l e l i n g p a r a ll e l lin g ; p ost ,

pa r t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p a r a ll e l e d p a r a ll ell e d, pa ra lle ld ] ,

’
p ze z o -
l el .

'
d d
'
p a r a l l e l e p i p e n p te a s l c l x p a r p e d .
p z
e z a -
l e l r-
p t p e , pace s
-
,

s a m e m e a n i n g a s p a r a ll e l opi p e d
'
le l e pI pe d -
. .

j c cu re : a t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d z; j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc he w ;
ye ,
w w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , u s e e ; f f o

0 poe t ic ; a ov e r, e a e ri al , A b u t , a: door , 00 n o, e b ed, s o gat e ;

 DI CTI ON ARY O F HARD WORD S 3 87

p ar al l el og r a m n .
( f ou r -
s id e d f igu r e w h os e opp os it s id e s

l e l a gz azm
’
a re pa r a l le l
) paez o
-
.

p a r a l l e l o p i p e d n p r i s m w h o s e b a s e
. s a re p ara l l e l o g r a m s

[ sy n on y m ou s cog n at e s a r a l l e l e i e d, a r all e l o i e d on , pa r p pp p pp
a l l e l e pipe d on ] p aee o- l e l s p a r— p e d , paez o l e l s p xp e d
’ ’
-
.

p a r a l o g i z e v c o m m i t
'
a .
p a r a l o g i s m ; re a s o n a l s e ly [ a l s o s p e l t f
pa r a l og is e ] po e a
’
e l o- d sa xz .

p a r a l y s i s n (p a l s ) p
. o
’
z ze l x- x
s s y .

p a r a l y t i c a dj ( p a ls i e d ) paez o h t rk
’
. .

p a r a l y z e [ a l s o s p e l t a r a ly , p
s e a r a l iz e ]
'
p w z o p l a l z —
.

m m i
’
m i m
’
p a r a e s e n ( u s c ). p o z ae I s x , p o z se I s - -
.

p a r a m o u n t c y n s t a t u s o f b e i n.
g p a ra m o u n t [ s y n o n y m o u s

cog n a t e p
a r a m o u n cy ]
’
p ae z o -
m a un t s r —
.

p a r a m o u r n ( l o v e r ; m . i s t re s s ) p
’
ae e s -m
u zz .

p a r a n o e a n pae z o m i o
'
. sam e m e an i ng a s -
a r a n oia
. p .

p a r a n oi a n m e n t a l d e r a n ge m e n t c h a r a ct e ri z e d b y d e lu s ion s
.
,

y
e t c [ s n on m ou s c og n a t e
. y
a r a n oe a ] p a e o n oi- o
’
p .

p a r a p h e r n a l i a n pl ( a w i e s ow n p r op e rt y ; p a r a ph e r n a ;
’
. . f
t ra ppi n g s ) pw z of o n e e l i o, pae z of a n e e l is
’ ’
- - -
.

p ar ap h r a se n ( r e e r e n d e r .i n g ; f p a r a p h r a s i s ; h y m n )
’
p aez o

fe e z .

h i f i g) p f
'
p arap r a s s n ( r e e r e n d e r n . a z ae s o -
s xs .

p a r a p h y si s n s t e ri l f ila m e n t [ s y n on y m ou s cogn at e p a r a
.

phys e ; p l u r a l p a r a p hy s es ] p a z w f x s t s
’
-
.

( p a r a ly s is of t h e l e gs a n d t ru n k ) peez s p u i
’
p a r ap l egia n .

d so, paez s p u i- d 3 i s
’
-
.

p a r a s c e v e n ( e v e o f . t h e J e w i s h s a b b a t h ; G o o d F r i day )
pze z o s iv , pa e o s xi v’x
’ ’
- -
.

p a r a s e l e n e n m o c k m o o n. [p l u r a l p a r a s e l e n a e ] p w z o s x
’
l r i -
nr .

p a r a s i t e n ( h a n g.e r o n ; s p o n g e r ; t o a d y -
; a n o r g a n i s m w h ic h
l iv s in or on or a t t h e e x p e n s e of a n ot h e r ) pze z o- s a l t
’
.

p a r a s i t i c a dj ( of p a r a s i t e s ) p a e o s xt rk
’
. .

p a r a s i t i s m n (p a r a s i t i c m
. o d e o f li f e ) p
’
ze e s sa t -
t xz om -
.

m
’ ’
d ) p l (
’
p a r a s o l n ( s u n .s h a e a
e z o s o , p ae z o s o l r a r e l y) p
-
s s - ol
s , ,
’
p aez o s ool .

p a r c e l v di v i d
. e i n t o s m a l l p o r t i o n s e t c [ p r e s e n t p a r t rc rp l e , .

p a r c e li n g p ar ce ll in g ; p a st pa r t rc rp le a n d p r e t e r 1t p ar ce le d,
,

p a r c e ll e d , pa r ce l d ] poe se l , po zz sol ; poz s l pozz - si

' ' ’ ’
-
, .

’ '
p a r c e n e r n ( p
c o a r c
. e n e r c o h e i r ) p o z s x -
n s z , ,p o zz -
s r -n s z
.

p a r c h e d a d j d r i e d b y. h e a t [ a l s o s o m e t i m e s , s p e l t p a r ch t ]
,

pu z t S
z t, (a s l o i n p o e t r y) p
,
'
a z t S rd
’
p o zz -
tS Id , .

p a r c l o s e n sc r e e.n ; r a i l i n g [ s y n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e p e r c l os e ]
'
p a e k a oz p q zz k L oz
’
— -
.
,

c: law , a: f ur ,
ae c a t , 0 b oy ; a : f ar , 00 n ow , a : a s k , a t k i t e ;
h ot , or
le n g t h m a r k -
I n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d i n g s ou n d rs l on g ;

st r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
s t r e s s on t h e f ol low rn g syll a b le .
3 88 D I C T I ON A RY O F HA RD WO RDS
p ar da o n . coin [ sy n ony m ous cogna t e p ar do] pas dm -o
’
.

p ar d i e i n t er j . ( a r cha ic ) by G od ! v e ril y [ also spe lt par di,

p ar dy ; syn on y m ou s cogn a t e per die ] paz d ri
’
.

p a r d on o re m it t h e .
pe n al ty of ; f orgi v e [ pas t part rcrpl e
a nd

pre t e r 1 t a r d on e d, p pa r d on d ] p
’
a zz -d n
,
'
pa zs -d an .

p a r a 11 ( t rim ; cu t d ow n ) p e zz
. .

bal
'
p a r e a b l e a d j ( t h a t m a y . b e p a r e d ) p e z -s o - .

p a r e g o r i c a d j ( s oot h in g ) pu s goz xk
’
. .

p a r e n ch y m n p a r e n ch y m a [ s yn onym ous cogna t e par s n

.

chy me ] p o z e nk xm
’
.

p a r e n c h y m a n t i s s u e [ p l u r a l .
p a r e n c h y n t a t a ] p a
’
s eg k r -ma .

m f m m
’
p a r e n c h y a t o u s a d j ( o p ar e n c yh a ) p a .e o n ln a -t as .

m m a rm sa me me an i ng as
’
k -k
’
p a r e n c h y a n p o z e n x , p. a z e rj .

pa r e n chym .

p a r e n t n ( a t h .e r o r f m o t h e r ; s o u r c e ) p
'
e z-s an t
,
'
pe eant ; ( dia
'
l ec t a l ly ) p e e -z on t .

'
t rd s
’
p a r e n t a g e n p a z o n t
- x d.s, p e z -
z a n -
.

p a r e n t h e s e s n (p l u r a l o f a. r e n t h e s i s ) p o
'
z e n O r -siz p .

p a r e n t h e s i s n a n a s id e ; r o . u n d b ra c k e t [ p lu ral par en t he s e s ]
' ’
p s z e n O x -
s r s , p o e e n t O x - t
s s .

’
p a r e s i s n (p ’a r t i
. a l p a ra l y s i s ; a l s o , w o r d -
n e g le c t ) p u r-s rs
;
( im r o p p
e r ly) p o z r i-
s xs .

p a r e t i c a d j ( of p a r e s i s ) p s z e t t k
'
. .

p a r h e l i o n n m o c k s u n. [ p l u r a l a r h e l ia ] p o z
'
h x i -li -ou , pas p
'
b ri- l ion .

p a r i a h n ( on e of l ow Hin d u ca st e ; ou t cast , vagab ond ) pe

' :
.

a i o, p a z s i o,
’ '
- - -
’
p a ca i -
o .

P a r i a n a dj ( of Pa r os ) p e z- z i on
.
’
-
.

p a r i e s n w a l [p u ra l a r i e s ] p e
l
. l t e
'
z -z i- it z
p .

p a r i e t a l a dj ( f a w a l ) p z l i ti
'
o . o a -r —
.

p a r i p a s s u a d v ( w it h e q u a l p a ce ; s id e b y s ide ; pr o rata )
.

’
p e z-
z a x pazs cu .

s rz i
'
P a r i si a n
' ’
ad j .
( of Pa ris , Fran ce ) pa z xsa n , pa z rsi an ,
-
pa
an .

'
p arit y n .
( e q u a l it y ) ps
-
tr .

p ark n .
pa ze k , p o zk ; ( l oca lly ) p a zk, pozk .

sa m e m e a n 1 n g
'
p a r l e cu e n p ozz l x k cu as pu r l e cne
- -
. . .

p arlan ce n. ( sp e e ch d e b a t e , , pa r l e y )
p arl ey v d iscou rs e ; a r gu m e n t [ a l s o, f or me rl y, spe lt
. t a lk ;
p a rly ; p ast pa rt rc rple a n d pr e t e r 1 t p ar l ey e d, pa rleyd ] poze '

ll .

m s ma nt ; ( sr
’
p a r l i a e n t n ( c o u n c il ; l e g i s l a.t i v b od y) p o zz -l -

m i -m
' ’
r o n e o u s ly ) p o zz l i a o n t p o z z l o ant - - -
,
-
.

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e 0t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Schew ; ,

t o w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a c t , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , Ii se a ;
.

f f
0 poe t 1c ; a ov e r , e ae ri al, A b u t , a : door. s o n o, o b ed , s o gat e ;
3 90 DI CTIO N A RY O F H AR D W O R DS

p ar t iali ty n. ( q ua l it y of b e ing pa rti al ; pre dilect ion ) pu

i
’
S S
'
IaI -t r
, p o z a l r-
tx .

p a r t i a l i s e 0 [ a l s o s
.
p e l t p a r t i a li s e ] p S
'
o s a —l axz .

b d j ( i i i ’
-t a-b al
'
p a r t i l e a d v s b. l e ) p o z t a -
b s l , p o :z .

’
p a r t i c i p a t e v (p a r t a k e .
, s h a r e ) p o z t r s r- et
p .

p a r t i c i p i a l a d j ( o f t h e n a
. t ur e o f a p ar t ic ip ) p
l e os tr
'
s pr i -al .

p a r t i c i p l e n ( v e rb al a dj ecti v ) poz t rsr pal , ( r apidly ) pasts x

’ '
.
-

pol .

p a r t i - c o l o r e d a d j va r i e g a t e d [. a l s o s p e lt p a r ti -col oar s d, pam

t y-col or e d, p a r t i-c ol or d ] poz t r-kA l s z d
’
.

j co l az ; ( dial e c tally) pa t l b
’ '
p a r t i cu l a r a d ( s p e c i a l ) .
p sz t r k -

’
l ac, ( v u lg ar ly ) p az t xk a az , ps t xka az
’
.

p a r t i c u l a r i z o 0 [ a l s o s p e l.t p ar t i c u l a r is e ] p s s
’
t rk go l a - eu s ;

( in Scotl a n d ) poz t k col s’ z orz

’
- x
.

p a r t i c u l a r l y a d v p o z t rk c o - l a z.
- l x, ( an t eri or ly) pae t zlrgo
’

l as h ; ( r a p id ly, s om e t im e s ) poz t rk col z-i r

’
.

p a r t i l e a d j e x.a c t : O p p o s e d t o p l a t i c [ als o, somet imes, spe lt

] p l , poz t xl
' '
p a r t i l o z -t a x .

p a r t i t i o n a d i v i d.e [ p as t p a r t r c r p l e a nd p re t er rt par t iti one d,

par ti t i on d ] p s z t I S
'
sn .

p a r t i s a n n on e w h o t a k e s pa rt or si d e s w it h an oth er ; s eal
.

ou s s u pp or t e r ; gu e r il la [ a l s o spe lt p ar t is an ] pas -t r-sa n , pos

’

'
tl zw n.

p art isa n
n l on g h a n d le d sp e a r ; s ol d ie r or gard armd w ith
.
-

a pa r t iz a n [ a l s o s p e lt p ar t is a n ]
’ '
t n o -t r-za n
p a z r -z
a , p zz .

p a r t n e r n p a r t a k e r S h a r e r ; a ss ocia t e [ v ul gar syn onym ous

. ,

c g at
o n e p a r d n er ] p
’
o s t n o e ,
'
p o zz t n o z ,
'
p o z z -
t N as ; ( dial e ct al -

’
ly or v u lg ar ly ) p o zz d n s z -
.

i
’
d t grd s ; ( d iale ct al ly or val
'
p art ri d ge n ( b d ) p t x
g s p o
r a z -
z . z ,
’
ga r ly ) paet grd s .

p a r u r e n ( s e t of j e w e ls , e t c ) p a z u zz
’
. . .

a r v en u n up t r t [ f m m m s n o n m o -
u s cogna t e par ven u e ]
p s a. e y y
j
’
p o zz xn u
-v -
.

p a s ch n Pa s s ov e r [ al s o s p e lt
. a s q u e a n d, orm e rly, pa rk] p f
p s zsk , p ozsk , p sczsk .

p a s ch a l a dj ( of Pa s s ov e r or Ea s t e r ) pze sk s l
’
. .

p a s h a n s ov e r e ign , p r i n ce : a T u r k is h t it l e [ al so s pe lt pa
.

c h a ; sy n on y m ou s c og n a t e pa s h a w ] po S s om e t i m es ) pm
’
(
'
o:

5 : ( ) p Se , paeSa . pa Sc:
' ' ’
9 a t-9 0 ae-

p a s h a l i c n j u r is d ict ion of a pa s h a [ a ls o sp e lt a c h al ic] pm

.
'
p
S
' ' '
e -
l xk , p a z-
So-
l rk , p S
ae c - i t k p S hk
o o z-
, .

p a s q u il a n t n w rit e r of a p a sq u il ; l a m p oon e r [ al so sp e lt pas

.

’
q u ill a n t ] p w skw r l s n t —
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 8 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sc he w ;
ye ,
to w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , xi s e c ;
.

. f f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r, e a e n al, A b u t , 0: door, s o n o, e b e d, s o gat e ;
 DI CTIONARY O F HARD \VO R D S 39!

p a sq u iler n .
pa s q u ila n t , l a m p oon e r [ a ls o s p e lt p as q u il ler ]
’
a
e k
p s w I -
ls z .
in a d e ( la m p oon pa s q u i n ) p w
'
p a sq u n .
, sk w x n e e d .

p a s s a g o, e t c [ p a st p a r t rc rp le a n d p re t e r 1 t
. . p ass e d p as t ] ,

p a zs , p a zs , pae zs ; ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) p a s , p a s , pen s .

( ca p a b le of b e i n g p a’s t ; t ole r a b l e )
’
p a s s a b l e a dj b ol
-
.
p a z s s -
.

p a s s a g e n ( p a s s in g, t r a n s it ; w a y ) pze s rd s
. .

p a sse ad j . p a st ; fa de d ; ou t of d at e [ f e m m m sy n on y m ou s cog

nate p ass ée ]
pae s e e
'
.

p a sse d p a st p a rt rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t of as s [ a ls o, s om e p
p
°

t im e s , s p e lt as t ] p a : s t , p o zs t , pazzs t ; ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) pas t ,
p t, p
o s a s t ; (a s ,
l o i n o e t y)
r
’
p a z-
S Id , e t c p .

paes m d sac , paes rn d ss z

’
( t ra v e le r ) ( a n t e r ior ly )
'
p a sse n ger n .
-
.

p a sse r i n e ad j . of t h e p a s se re s or p e r ch e r s [ a ls o , s om e t i m e s ,

]
' '
spe lt pa s s e r i n paes o z a xn , -
pazs o-
z xn .

p a s si b i l i t y b e i n g p a ss ib le ; ca pa b ilit
n . of s u f
( q u a l it y of y
f
e t in g ) p a s o b t l t t r p a
' ’
e s o b xh t r -
,
-
.

p a ss i b l e a d j ( p c a a b l e o f e e l i n g or
. su e r i n g)
'
p a ss b s l ,
z- -
f ff
bsl
’
p a
e s o - .

p a s s i m a d v ( h e r e a n d t h e r e ) pae s rm
'
. .

ff
p a s s i on n ( s u e r i n g ; a e ct i on of b od y or m in d ; e m ot ion ;
. ff
)
’
a n ge r pze S
on .

p a s si v e a dj .
, n. [ a l s o s p e lt p a ss iv ] '

paes w ,
’
p a z-
s xv .

p a st ad j .
( g on e b y ; d o n e w it h ; b y gon e , ov e r , e n de d, sp e n t ;
p r e t e r it ; r e t ir e d; p r of ic i e n t ) p a zs t , pa rs t , pae zs t .

p a st prep . b
( ye on d ; a t e r ; u r t h e r o n f
t h a n ; b e y on d t h e s cope f
of ) p a zs t , p o zs t , p aezs t ; (w hen u n s tr es t )
p a s t , p os t , peest .

p a st n .
( yg
b on e t i m e ; p a s t l i fe ; p a st t e n s e ) p a zst , p o zs t , pae zst .

p a st adv .
( so as t o p a s s or go b y ; b y ; on on e s id e ; a s id e )
p a zs t , p a zs t , p ae zst .

p a st el ( n . d r a w i
cr ay on ;
n g; f a b r i c ) p s t e l pzns t ol
ze -
’
,
’
.

p a s t e l i s t n a r t i s t w h o u s
. e s p a s t e l s [ a l s o s p e l t p a s t e l l is t ]
-h
’ '
p a a s
-
t e h s t , p w s t a st .

p a s t e u r i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e l t p a s t e u r is a t io n ] p
. ae s t s z r
'
z e e -
Ss n,
S
’
p aes t s -
z a r z e e - on .

s t e r iliz e m e t h od [ a l s o
’

p a st eu r iz e '
v . b y Pa s t e u r s s pe l t pas
t ou r is e ]
’
p w s t s -
e nt z .

d i
'
i ( h d l ) S i i t So
’

p a st i c c o n o g e p o g e ; o
. o p ae s t r t o p a s t x -
,
-
.

p a s t i l n r ol l o f. a r o m a t i c p a s t e ; l o z e n g e [ a l s o s p e l t p a s t ill e ]
p ze s t t l p ae s t t il pae s t ril
’ ’ ’
.
, ,

h i i )
'
p a s t o r n ( s h e p e r d. ; m n s t e r p a z-
s t s z ( a n t e r io r ly as a , ,
’
t it l e ) p a s t oz .

pa s t o r a l a d j ( o f s h e p h e r d s ; o .f f l o c k s ) p
'
a z- s t a-z ol
.

c: law , a: fur , s ca t , 0
a b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow u : a sk a t k it e ;
h ot , or , , ,

l e n gt h m a r k
-
1 n d1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p re c e d 1 n g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;

s t r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
st r e ss on t h e f ol l ow rn g syl l a b le.
3 92 DI CTION ARY O F HARD WOR DS
p a s t o r a l e n p i e c e of p a s t or a l or ru s ti c mu sic [ plura l pas t o
.

r al i, pa s t or a l c s ] p as t o e o z-l x; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) pa s ta e e e -l r
’ ’
.

p a s t u r e n ( a c t i o n o f. f e e d i n g; h e r b a g ; g
e r as s- l a n d )
'
p : ! S
a s- az ,
t$
’
d S , p
’ ’
p a z s -
t c ; (
o z i a l e c t a l ly) p a es t o z o : s -
oe .

p a t a g i u m n w i n g
- m e m b ra n e
,.
para chut e [pl ural pa ta gia ]
pte t o d sa i s m
'
-
.

P a t a r i n n f ol low e r of A r ia ld i [ al so s pe lt Pa t eri n ; syn ony

.

m ou s cog n a t e s P a t a r e n e, Pa t e r in e ] pz t o-e m '

.

p a t a s n ( r e d m onk e y ) po t o:
’
.

p a t c h e d a d j m e n d e d or m a rkt w it h pa t ch e s [ also, som e t i m e s,

.

sp e l t pa t ch t ] pze t S t ( a l s o, i n p oe t ry ) pae t S rd
'
, .

p a t c h o u l i n p l a n t ; p e r f u m e
. [ a l s o s p e l t p a t c h o u l y] a
'
t Sou -i r, p
m S
’
-l r
p t o u p aot S o il -
, .

p a t e n ( h e a d s ku ll , n odd l e ) poe t
.
, .

p a t e n n ( p la t e ; b ow l ) pw t n
'
. .

p a t e n t n ( m on op ol is t ic p ri v ile ge ; i n v e n t ion ) pa tu t , pa t ou t ,
' '
.

' ’
pe e
-
t on t , p e e -
tnt .

( m a n i f e st )
’ '
p at en t ad j . op e n ; e v id e n t ; p e e -t s n t
, pe e -t n t
.
' ’
paet on t , pact n t .

p a t e n t e e n ( on e t o w h om l e tt e r s p a t e nt h av e b ee n gr an t e d
.

on e w h o t a k e s ou t a p a t e n t ) p w t n t t i , p e e t n t ri
' ’
-
.

p a t e n t or n .
( on e w h o g ra nt s a pa t e n t : t he corr e l a t rv of
)
’ '

p a t e n t ce pa t n t o zz , p e e - t n t o zz
z
.

'
p at en t or n .
( on e w ho t ake s ou t a pa t e n t ) pazt n -
t az ,
'
p e e -t n

t oe .

p at er f am il ia s n. ( he ad of a f a m ily ) pe e
-
t sc -fs
'
m rli-as ,
m l li s s
'

pa t ez -fa -
.

( L or d
’ ’
p a t e r n ost e r n . s Pr a y e r , e tc .
) pe t s z n ost az , pa tas
’
n os t os .

p a t h n b e a t e n t r a ck ; oot w a [ pl u r a l a t hs ] p oz8 , poz8 , pe z8

. f y p .

p a t h o s n ( q u a l i t w
. h i c h e x c it e s i
p y,t e t c
'
) p e e y
-O O S . .

p a t h s n ( p l u r a l of a t h ) p a :b z , po :b z , pae :b z
. p .

i d ; ca rd gam e ) pe e
’
p a t e n c e 11 ( q u a l i t y o f b e i.n g p a t i e n t ; o c k -

S on s .

p at i e n t a d j , n p e e -
on t . .
'
S .

'
p a t i n a n ( b o w l ; .i n c r u s t a t i o n o n b r o n z e ) p ae t r -n
s .

p a t i o n ( i n n
. e r c o u r t ; o r e a r d ) p
’
a z t i o ,
’
p a
e t i -
o -
y - -
.

p a t oi s n ( d i a l e c t ) p ae t w o , pze t w o ; pa t w c , pa t w c ; pa t mo
' ’ ’ ' '
- -
. .

f
p a t r i a r c h n ( a t h e r a n d r u l e r of a a m ily or t r ib e , e t c )
. f .

'
p e e -
t gi o zz k -
.

i
'
h a j i k t gi a r kal
’
p a t r a r c a l d p ge t oz s l p e e -
.
,
-
.

p a t r i m o n y n ( h e r i t a g ) p t
e
’
w m. o n t ,
’
p ae t g l m s -
u r, ( a n t eri or -

’
ly ) p zc t - m a n r .

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sche w ;
ye ,
to w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , I i t , I f s et ; f f
o p oe t ic ; s ov e t , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 9 : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
39 4 DICTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S
t h in f r om ill n e ss or w a n t [ a l so, s om e t im e s , s p e l t p e a k t ]
'
i i k xd
'
p r k t, p x -
.

p e a k i n g a d j s n e a k i n g ; e m a.c ia t e d , p e a k y [ a l s o s p e l t p e e k
-k
i
’
i g] p
n t uj .

-k l
'
p ea y a j (
k d h a v i n g p . e a k s ; p e a k e d p o i n t e d , p e a k - l ik e ) p ri , .

i -k
'
p e a k y a d j s i c k l y p
; .u n y [ a l s o s p e l t p ee k y ] p I l .

p e a l n ( l ou d s ou n d ) p ril
. .

p e a l n g
. r il s e ; s a l m o n [ a l s o s p e l t p e e l ] p xi l .

p e a r n ( f ru it ; t r e e ) p e ze
. .

c om p a r e p u r l
’
p e a r l n ( ge m e t c ) p s zz l
.
, . . .

m ( pp ) p l men
'
pe a r a i n n a e e z e.
-
.

p e a s a n t n s m a ll f ar m .e r ; r u s t ic; c ou n t ry m an [ al s o s p e l t
p esa n t ] '
p e z an t .

p e a s c od n. pea
-
p od [ a l s o s p e lt p e as e c od ] '
p ri z -
ko d .

p e a se n .
( a r c h a ic ) p e a -
p l a n t ; pe a ; pe as c oll e ct iv ly [ p lu ra l
p ea s e a nd , f or m e rly p e as e n p e as on ] , , p riz .

’
( n u t ) p r kaen pi ke n
’

p e ca n n .
, .

p e c c a b l e a d j ( l ia b l e t o s i n ) p e k o b ol
’
-
. .

p e c c a d i l l o a ( p e t t y s in ) p e k o d t l o
’
. .

p e c c a n t a dj ( s i n n i n g m or b i d ) p e k a n t
’
. , .

p e cca r y i n e -li
k e q u a d r u pe d [ a l s o
n . sw or m e rl y, spe lt pe c , f
a y p
r e c
, c a r i e c a r i ; ys n o n y m ou s c o
,g n a p
t e p i c a r e e ] p
'
e k o-s r
.

p e c c a v i v ( I h a v e s i n d ;. i t i s m y a u l t ) p e
’
k ’
e e v a r, p e k k o
-
f
p e ck y ad j . s h ow f irst sy m p t om s of d e ca y : sa id of
in g t im b e r
[ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s p e cky p e a ky ] p e k r
'
and tre e s ,
.

’
p e ck y j (p ad i t c h i n g;
. a p t t o s t u m b l e ; p e c k - li
ke ) pe k x .

p e c t e n n t h e p u .b e s ; c o m b -
li k e p a r t ; sca l l op [ plur al pe c t i
n es p e c t e n s ] k
’ ’
, p e t o n p e k -
ten , .

p e c t i n n s u b s t.a n ce f r o m p e c t o se [ a l s o, r a r e ly , sp e lt p e c t i n e ]

pe kt m
'
.

p e c t i n ou s n m u s cl e [ a l s o s p e lt pe c t in a e u s ; pl ur al p e c t in e i ]
.

i
'
p e k t x n r -a
s .

p e c t i n o u s a d j ( o f p e c t i n ) p
’
.e k t t -n s s .

p e c t i z e v c o n g e a l
. [ a l s o s p e l t p e c t is e ] p
'
e k - t arz .

p e c t ou s a dj ( c on g e a l d ; of p e ct in ) p e k t oS
’
. .

p e c t u s n b r e a s t ; t h or acic r e gion [ p l u r a l p e c t or a] p ekt s s

'
. .

i i j z
'
p e c u l a r a d j (p a r t c u l a r s
.
p e c i a l ; q u e e r ) p c r
, k o u -l o
.

p e c u l i a r i t y n (q u a l i t y o f b. e i n g p e cu li a r ; o dd i t y) p x-k
gu l
j
'
i
'
ze z r t x
—
p I k c u
, l ze z x-
tt -
.

p e c u l i a r i z e [ a l s o s p e l t p e c u l i a r i s e ] p cu r
’
k u -
l t s -
e s rz .

i j ( f m i
’
d y) p -u i -
'
p e c u n a r y a o o n e x
. k c u u -
n -
e z r ( a l s o ) p t k co u s ,

er ,( a s s u m p t i v ly) p r
’
k e u u n i a z r ( r a p i d l y) p l
’
k-
c
-
u u -
n j sr
o-
, .

j ye ,c cu t e ; 0t h e , 8 t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
10 w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I i t , Ii s e e ; f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
 DI CTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S 3 95

( of a pe d a gog ; of p e d a gogy ) p e d o god srk ;

’
p e d a g og i c n .

-d l k
’
( v ga y) pe d g
u l r l s o o s .

p e d a g o g i s m n [ a l s o s p e l t e d a g og u i s m ]
’
p e
. d a -
g og
- z
r a m , p
go g xz a m , d s x om
'
d
’
pe d o o o
- - z
p e g
— -
.

i ) p d
'
p eda g og i s t ( n .i n p e d
on e v e r s t
a g g o cs e s -
god sxs t .

p e d a g go u e n t e a c h e r [ a l s.o s p e l t p e d a g g] p
o
’
e d o -
gog .

p e d a g o g u e r y n ( p e d ag ogi c e s t a b l is h m e n t ; occu p a t i on of a
.

p e d a g og ) p e d e goge l
’
-
.

p e d a g g o u i n g n ( t h e a c t i n g a . s a p e d a g g) p
o
’
e d o -
gog n) .

d h j ( i i d d gog rs
’
p e a g g o u i s a d c h a r a c t e r s t c. o f a p e a g g) p
o e a -
.

p e d a g og y n ( f u n c t i o n . o f a p e d a g go ; i n s t r u c t i on )
’
p e d e

d d d
’ ’ '
g o 3 , p
1 e d e -
g o d s x p e s -
g g , (
o x r a r
, e l y) p e o -
g og x .

p e d a l n ( f oot l e v e r ; t r e a dl e ; n ot e ; cu rv e ) p e d l , p e d s l
’ ’
—
. .

p e d a l a d j ( o f t h
. e f o o t ) p
’
e d l ,
’
p e d s l ,
’
p ri -
d al ; ( of a p e d a l )
’
p e d l , p e d ol
’
.

p e d a l 21 w or k t h e p e d a ls of [ p r e s e n t pa r t rc rpl e p e d a l in g pe d
.
,

a ll i n g ; p a s t p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p e d a l e d , p e da ll e d , pe d

a l d ] p e d l , p e d al
’ ’
.

p e d a l e n f o o t.
-
c l ot h ; c oll e ct i on of cre e d s [ pl u ral pe d a lia ]
d h ( ) p d li
' ’

p t e e ,
-
o l d e r t e e -
.

p e d a l e n (p e.d a l ; p e d a l k e y b o a r d ) p x
’
d o z -
lr .

p e d a l e r n o n e w. h o p e d a l s [ a l s o sp e l t p ed a ll er ] p
’
e dl -oz
,
’
p e d o -
l oz .

p e d a n t n ( f or m e r ly , t e ach e r , pe d a gog ; n ow , on e w h o ov e r
.

r a t e s b ook l e a r n i n g , e t c )
’
p e d n t , p e d an t
’
-
. .

p e d a n t i c a d j ( lik e a p e d a n t ; a b su r d ly l e a rn e d ) p r dze n t t k
’
. .

p e d a n t i sm n p e d n t rz s m p e d a n t rz om
' ’
- -
. .
,

p e d a t e a dj ( lik e a f oot ) p e d e t , p e d ot
' '
. .

p e d d l e v h a w k ; r e t a il f r om h ou se t o h ou s e [ pr e s e n t p ort r
.

C I p l e p e dd l in g ]
'
pedl .

p e d d l i n g n ( a c t i on of t h e v e r b p e d d l e ; occu p a t i on of a p od
.

l e r ; h a w k i n g ; a l s o t r i f l i n g ; p i d d li n g ) p e d l u ) ,
’
.

d l ( f ; ( im
’ ’
p e e s t a n b a s e o
. r a s t a t u e ) p e d o s t i , p e d s -s t ol -

p r ope r ly ) p t d e s tl '
.

p e d e st al [ p r e se n t p a r t rc rpl e p e d es t a li n g p e d e s t a lli n g ; p ast ,

p a r t t m pl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p e d e s ta l e d p e d es t a ll e d pe d es ta l d ] , ,
’
p e d o st i p e d o s t ol
’
- -
.
,

p e d est r i a n iz e a ct t h e p e d e st r i a n ; w a l k [ a l s o s p e l t p e d e s

t r ia n is e ] p r d e s t gi- o n a t z
’
-
.

p e d i a t r i c a dj of t h e d is e a s e s of c h il d r e n [ al s o s p e lt pa e d i
.

a t r ic ] p i d i aat gt k
’
.

d i l ( f l k i
'
p e c e n o o t
. s t a p e d c l e ) p e d l -
sol , .

p e d i c l e n ( f oo .t s t a l k p e d i ce l p e d u n c l e,) p
’
e d x -k
ol , .

0: la w , fu r a: , e c at ,
a 0 b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , a : a s k , or ki t e ;
h ot , or
l e n g t h m a rk
—
1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ;
st r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow xn g syl l a b l e .
3 96 DICTIONARY O F HARD WORD S
) i
'
p e d i g r e e ( l i n e
n. a g e , e t c p e d i -
.
g z .

p e d l e r n o n e .w h o p e dd l e s ; h a w k e r [ a l s o s p e l t e d l er , ppe d
d l er ] p e d l az
'
.

p e d l e r e s s n e m a l e . p f e d l e r [ a l s o s p e l t p e d l a r e ss , p e d dl sr e ss ]
’
p e d l s - i
z s .

f d [ l
’
p e d l e r y n b u s i n. e ss o a p e dl e r ; p e l e r s w a r e s ; t r as h a so
s pe t l p
e d l a y, r e d d l er y] p p ’
e d l a - i
z

p o d l i n g a d j b u s y i n g . o n e
’
s s e l W i t h t r if l e s ; t r if l i n g ; t rfas h y
p idd lin g [ a ls o s pe l t e dd l in g ] p ’
p e d l n) .

p e d ob a p t i s t n a d v oca t e of t h e b a p t is m of in a nt s [ also s pe l t
. f
p p
a e d ob a t is t ] p e d o b z pt i st , pid s b atpt i st
’ '
.

p e d ol og y n s ci e n c e of c h ild re n [ a l so sp e lt
. p
ae d ol ogy, pa i

d ol ogy ] pi d ol s d si
’
-
.

m i m
’
pe d o e t e r n ( s t e p
-r e
. c o r d i n g d e v c e ) p i d o r-t s z .

p e d u n c l e n ( l o w e r.
-
s f
t a lk ; p e d i c e l ) p i
’
d A iJ k s l ; ( im pr oper ly )
i
'
p i -
d A iJ kol .

p e e v .
( u r i n a t e ) p i i .

p e e k v ( p
. e e p ) p r i k .

p e e l n (
. s t r o n g h o l d ) p i i l .

p e e l n .
( w oo d e n s h o v e l o r p o l e ) p i il .

p e e l n .
( s k i n , r i n d ) p i i l .

p o o l a .r o b ; s t r i p ; p a r e [ p a s t p a r t i c i p l e a n d pre t e r i t pee l e d,

p e e l d ] p i il .

p e e r n ( e
.
q u a l ; d u k e , e t c ) p i z z . .

p eer l ook n a r r ow ly [ p a st pa rt i ci pl e a n d p re t e r i t peer e d ,

p
e er d ] p i zz .

i i ( d i g sa ck ) p e n w ozz
’
p e g n o r n r e s s
. n -
.

p e j o r a t i v e a dj t e n d in g t o m a k e w ors e ; d e pr e ci at ory [al so

.

s pe lt p
e j or a t iv ] p r d soz o t i v ,
’
-
'
p i i -
d s a t
-z e i v
.

p ek an n . f
( ish er, a w e a se l l ike b e as t ; Pe n n a n t s ma rt e n )
-
’

'
p e k on .

p e k e a n t ree [ al s o sp e lt . p
i k ia ; s y n on y m ou s cog n at e piq n i ]
i
’
p i k i -s
.

p e k i n n ( sil k ab r ic ) p i k i n , pi k i i)
. f ' '
.

( ) p i k ’
p e k o e n t e .a -
o , p ko
e -
.

p e l a g e n ( t h e f u r ) p el i ds
'
. .

p e l a g i c a dj ( of t h e ope n se a , oce a n ic ; of t h e s u r ace of t h e

. f
oce a n ) p i l aad st k
’
.

p el a m y d n f
i sh [ al s o sp e l t pe l a m id ; sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s
.

p e l a m y ,s e l a m ips] p
'
e l o -
mi d .

P e l a s g i a n a dj ( of t h e Pe l asgi ) p i laez d si-s n , p i l ze s d si -an

.
’ '
.

p e l e r i n e n c a p e ; t ip p e t [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t e le r i n ] p e l a
. p'

p e l o z i n , p e l e z xi n
’ '
s i n, -
.

j ye . r
c cu e ; a t h e 8 t hin ; 3 a z u re , d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w ;
,
'

in w h e n ; i) S
i n g ; 11 w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , o f u l ou ool , r i t , l l s e e ; f
o poe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d, e e g at e ;
3 98 D I CT ION AR Y O F H A RD W ORDS
p en ol o g y n . s t udy of p u n ish m e nt [ als o s pe lt poen ol ogy ] pi
'
n ol s -d sr.

p e n s i l e a dj h an gi ng, p e nd e n t [ a ls o, som e time s, spe l t pan

.

' '
l n l
s ] p e s i , p e n s oi l
i - .

p e n s i o n n ( pay m e n t ) p e n S on , p e n t S
' '
. on .

pe n s i o n n ( b oa d r i n g
-
. h o u se ) p n ot]
'
e s i -
.

p e n s i o n e d a d j i n r e c e i p t o f a. p e n s i o n ; re t ir e d on a p ensi on
[ a ls o spe lt pe n s ion d ] pe n Son d
’
.

p e n t a d a c t y l a d j h a v i n g iv e d ig i
. t s ; q u i n q u e d i g it at e [fal s o
sp e lt p
e n t a d a c ty l e ] p e n t o d ze k t i l
’
.

p e n t a m a r i s e 11 [ a l s o s p e l t p e n t a
. m a r is e ] p e n
’
t z m a -e s rz .

p e n t a s t i ch n (g r ou p o f i v .e l i n e s o f v e r s e ) p
’
e n t a f
—at i k .

P e n t a t e u ch n f
( irst iv e b ooks of t he O ld Te st a me n t )
. f
t cuk.
'
p e n t o-

p en t h ou s e l e a n -t o b u il d in g ; s h e d w it h a sloping roof
n.

[ y
s n o n y m o u s c o g n a t e s a pp e n t ice , p e n t i c e , p e n t is ] p
'
e n t -h oos .

p e n t s t e m on n h e rb [ sy n on y m ous cogn at e pens t em on ] p e n t

.

s t i i- m s n
'
.

p e n u ck l e n car d ga m e . [ a l s o s p e lt p en u ch l e ; syn onym ous

—

c og n a t e s p in ocl e p in oc hl e b in ocle ] p i i-n A ksl '

.
, .

p e n u l t a dj ( n e xt t o l a st ; l a s t b u t on e ) p ri n Al t , p i n A lt
' '
-
. .

p e n u m b r a n ( p a rt ia ll y s h a d e d r e gion ar ou n d a sha d ow ) pi
.

n A mbz s
’
.

p e o n n ( s o l d
. i e r ; c o n s t a b l e ; d a y -l a b o r e r ) p
’
ri -a
n .

p e o n y n p l a n t [. a l s o s p e l t p a e ony ; f or m e r syn on ym ous cog

n at e , n ow d ial e ct a l , p i on y ; p l u r a l p e on ies ] p i i-s -n r '
.

p e op l e n [ pl u r a l p e op l es a n d coll e ct i v ly , i n t h e se n se of
.
,

p e r s o n s o f a p a r t i c u l a r p l a ce or c l a ss , p e o p l e ] p pol
'
i i -
.

p pp
e e r i d g e n p ppi e r a g ,e b. a r b e r r y; t u p e l o , b l a c k - um
g [ also
sp e lt pe ppe r a g e ]
’
p p z i ds
e o-
.

p e p s i n n f e r m e n t. [ a l s o s p e l t p e ps in e ] p e psi n
'
.

p p
e t o n i z e [ a l s o s p e l t p e p t o n is e ] p p
’
e t o -n a rz
.

p e r p rep ( b y, b y m e an s of ; t h ru ) p ozz , ( w h en u ns tr e s t ) p as ,
.

pe e .

d v en t u r e a do. (by ch an ce h apl y ; b elike ) '

p er a ; poz od ve n

tS
oe .

p er a i n . f ish
[ al so sp e l t p ir a i p er i ; sy n on y m ous cog na t e s pi ,

r a y a p ir a n h a ] p i z a r
’
.
,

p e r a m b u l a t i on n ( a w a lk in g t h ru ; j ou r n e y on f oot ; t our ) .

p s z om b j u l e e S
’
p o z aem b j u l e e S
'
sn on -
,
- -
.

p e r c a l o n ( f a b r ic) p oz k e e l
’
. .

p e r c e i v e a t a k e i n : a pp r e h e n d [ p ast pa rt i ci pl e a n d p re t errt
.

p e r ce iv e d , pe r ce iz d ] p nr
'
’
s riv .

j c cu re ; a t he
ye , 8 t hin 3 a z u re , d ; j oy ; S s h oe t S hew ; . , c
i n w he n ; i ) s in g ; u w h o e v e r i r e a ct 0 u ll , on ool I i t , u sec ; . , f f .

0 poe t ic ; a ov er , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e gat e :

 DIC TI ON ARY O F HARD WORDS 399

p e r c e p t ib l e adj ( forme rly, pe rcipient ; now , capa b l e of b e

.

ing pe rce iv d ) pas se pt o b al , ( as su mptivly) pac se pt abol

’ - ’
.

sa me me ani n g as parclos e.
'
l -ka oz
, pez k e ooz
’
p e r c o s e n p o
. s .

p e r d i c i n e a d j ( o f a.
p a r t r id g e o r q u a il )
’
p az e -d i -sa i n
.
'
p a
:
s
d i -sm .

p e r d u a dj l ost ; se nt on a desperat e e nt erprise ; [a lso spel t

.

per dn e ] paz dj ou , ( ass umptiv ly ) m:M j a

' ’

p e r d u r a b l e a d j ( l a s t in .
g) p o e
’
d j o z -e a -b ol
,
'
p s :z j
-d oz s -b al .

p e r e g r i n e a dj f ore ign , et c [ als o, some t imes , spe lt psr egrin ]

. .

(
'
y) p
'
p e z i -
g z i n , r a re l e z i -
gz s i n .

p e r e m p t o r i l y a d v p a z
’
e m p t.s z i - l i , p a
’
se m pt a e i -l i
, ( rapid ly )
m m m -m i
’
l ( i y) p
’ ’
p o z e p gt i - x , a n t e r o r l o z e p z t i l i ; ( a ls o ) p es o p
li .

p e r e m p t or y a dj (t hat precl u d e s d e b a t e ; d e cisiv ; f in al ) pae

.

e mpt s -z i , ps z e mpt a -z i , ( as su mptiv ly) pa s e mpt as i ; ( r apid ly)

' ’ ’

p o
’
z e m p s ; (
t i a l s o ) p
’
e z a m p -t s z i .

p e r e n n i a l a d j ( l as t i
. n g t h r u o u t t h e y ear ) p o
’
z e n i -al
.

p e r f e c t a d j, n .
( c o m .
p l e t e , e t c ) p
'
i i e f i k
. t ,
'
p s zs -f rlt t
.

p e r f e c t a (
. c o m p l e t e , f i n i s h ) p o z
'
f e k t ,
’
p ss f i k t, p
'
s : s -f rlrt .

a j p f k ti d
’ '
p e r f e c t e d d o z e. t i d , p es f i k - .

p o r f e c t o r n ( o n e. w h o p er f e c t s ) p a e
’
f e k t a e ,
’
p o e k -t ae
.

p e r f e c t i b l e a d j [ al s o . s p e lt p f e r ec t a b l e ] p a i f e lr ta —b al
,

p o z f i k t o -b
ol .

p e r f i d i ou s a dj ( charact e riz ed b y pe rfidy ; f ait hl eu ) pes

.

’
f i di as , ( r ar e ly) paz f i d j s s
-
°
’
.

p e r f u m e n ( odorous f ume s ; sw eet sce nt ) paef ium, p s :e

' ’
.

f iom , ps z fi uu m ’
.

p e r f u m e v ( im part sw e e t od or t o) poe fiou m

'
. .

p e r f u m y a d j ( f r a g. r a n t ) p
'
o z f i u -m i
, p a e
’
f i o u -m i.

p e r f u n c t o r y a d j ( d o n e w .i t h o u t z e a l ; f o r m a l ) p a s
’
f an k b -ei ,

( r ap id ly ) p oz fA nktgr
’
.

( m ay b e , pe rchan ce ) pae ha ps, ( w hen less

’
p e r h a p s a dv .

'
s tr e s t ) p o h ae ps , pee ps , pa pa .

p e r i n ( ,
. e l f f a i r y) p
'
i z-z r .

p e r i a n t h n ( f l
. o r a l e n v e l o p) p
’
e z i -a n e .

p e r i c a r d i t i s n (’i n f l a m
. m a t i o n o f t h e p e r i ca r di u m ) p e er - kos
d a i - t i s , p e e r-kaz d i i-t i s
’
.

i i ) p -d ot
'
p e r i d o t n (
. o l v n e z x .

p erigee n ( p oint n e are st t he eart h : opposi t of s pacer)

.

d si
'
-
p e z i .

p e r i h e l i on n posit i on n e a re st t h e su n : opposi t of aplu lion

.

[ pl u ral p e r ih el ia ; syn on ym ous cog n at e perhcli a m] peer hi i

’

l i- ou p e e i h i i-lion
'
.
,

0: l a w , a : f u r , a cat , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r, no n ow , a : ask. or ki t e ;
le n gt m a rk
h i n d i cat e s t hat t he p rece d i sou n d i s lo
go
-
;
st r e s s -m
a rk i n d i ca t e s chie st re ss on t h e all ow i n g sy lla e. f
4
00 D I CTI ON ARY O F HARD W ORD S

p eril v . h a z a rd , ri sk [ p re s e n t p a r t rcrpl e e r i l i n g, p p er ill in g ;

p a s t p a rt rcrple a nd p re t e r 1 t p e r il e d, p
e r ill e d, pe r i l d ]
’
p e e ri .

p e r i l ou s a d j ( f
. u l l d a n ge r o u s ) p e z r -l s s
of p e ri l ;
’
.

p e r i m e t e r n ( c i r c u m . f e r e n c e , p e r ip h e ry , o u t l i n e ; v i s i o n

m e a su r in g d ev ice ) p a z xm r t oz
’
—
.

p e r i n e u m a r e g i o n . b e t w e e n t h e a n u s a n d t h e sc r o t u m o r v u l
v a [ a l s o sp e l t p er in a e u m ] p e z r n ri a m
’
-

d i d j f i d ) i d
’

p e r i o c a ( o p e r . o s p xz o xk .

p e r i o di c a d j c o n t a in .i n g m o r e ox y g e n t h a n i od i c a c i d [ a l s o

sp e l t pe r -i od ic] p a zs s i od rk
’
- .

p e r i o s t i t i s n ( in f l a m m. a t i o n o f t h e p e r i os t e u m ) p e z i —
’
os t s r

t rs , p e z i-os t ri-t rs
’
.

p e r i p e t i a a s u dd e n . c h a n g e o f f o rt u n e o r r e v e rs a l o f c i rc u m
s t a n ce s ; d én ou e m e n t [ a l s o sp e l t p er ip e t eia ; sy non y m ou s
cogn a t e p e r ip e ty ] p e z rp x t s i-a , p e z t p x t ri-a
' ’
.

p e r i p h e r y n ( b o u n d a
. r y -l in e
; circu m fe re n ce ; pe ri m e t e r ) po
'
z xf a-z 1 ,
'
p e z x f e -
ex .

i h i i m l ocut i on [ p l u r a l p er ip h r as es ] pa z xf s o
’
p e r p r a o s n c r cu .

s rs .

d h ( an ele me n t
'
p e r i ssa . or r a d ica l of od d v a le n cy) pa z xsaed ,

ps z rs od ; ( less
'
p r op er ly ) '

p e z r- md
s .

p e r i st yl e n .
( col on n a d e su rr ou n din g a t e m p le , cou rt , et c .
)
l
’
x- tex
p e z s .

p e r i t on e u m n . m e m b ra n eh ich l i n e s t he ab d omi n a l ca v i
w

t y [ a l s o sp e lt p e r i t on a e u m ] p e z xt a n xi- s m
’
.

p e r i t on i t i s n. f
( in la m m a t i on of t h e pe rit on e u m ) p e z xt a n a r
’

t rs , p e z xt a n xi-t l s
’
.

p e r i t r op a l a dj ( of an . e m b ry o or ovu l e ; a m phi t rop a l ;

h e m it r op ou s ) p a z l t ga-p a l ,
’
(
'
r a r e ly ) p e z x t roo-
p al .
p erj u ry n . ( w il fu l fa ls e hood u n d e r oa t h ; b re ach of oat h )
dss n ( r a p i d ly ) p e z dsz l
’ '
d
'
o-z r ze -
p s z s , pe -
, .

er m ea (p h —m i - e
’
p t e 0 a ss t .ru , p e n e t ra t e p e rv a d e ) p s zz t , .

p e r m i s s i b l e a dj ( t h a t ca n b e p e r m it t e d ; a l l ow ab l e ) p az
.

’
m xs e - b al .

p e r m i s s o r y a d j (p e r m it t e d ; a l l.o w d ) p a z
’
m rs a -
zx .

p er m it ( al low , su ff e r ) p s z m rt
’
.

p e r m i t n ( w
. r it t e n p e r m is s i o n ; l e a v e ) p
’
s zz -m r
t , paz m xt
’
.

p e r m i t on ( f is h ) p e z m xt
’
. .

p e r m i t t a b l e a dj ( ob s ol e t e ) p e r m issi b le [ a lso spe lt per mi t

.

t ibl e ] p az m xt a-b ol
’
.

p e r n i c i ou s a dj ( d e s t ru ct iv f a t al ; w ick e d ) ps z m S
'
. as , .

p e r o r a t e v ( d e l iv e r a n or a t i on ; d ecl a im ; u tt e r t he p e r ora
.

t i o n ) p e z o- z e t
’
.

j c cu r e ; a t h e , 0t hin ;
ye , u r e , dz, oy ; Ss h oe , t Sche w ;
to w h e n ; x) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , o f u l , ou ool , r it , Ii se e ; f
o p oe t ic ; o ov e r , e a e ria l, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d, e e g at e ;
4
02 DICTION ARY O F HARD WO R D S
ig, w ig [ also s p e lt per uq u e ] po z ouk , pe -euk
' '
p eru k e n. pe r i w .

d
'

p e r u s e 11 ( g o t h ru
. ; s u r v e y ; r e a ) p a z o u z .

d )
’
p e r v e r s e a d j ( p e rv e r t e d ; w r o
. n g ; w a y w a r p ae v s es z .

p e r v e r s i on n ( a c t of pe r v e rt g) psz v s z S a , pae v s s S
’ ’
i
. n n z -
an .

’
p e r v e r t 0 ( l e a d a s t r.a y ; c o rr u p t ) p a z v s z z t .

p e r v e r t 93 ( o n e w h o
. h a s b e e n p e rve rt e d ; ap os t a t e ) pn z
'

v e s t.
b e i n g pe rv e rt e d ) pae vaz t o-b al.
’
p erv er t ib le ad j ( . ca p a b l e of

p r z e e d , pr sozd
’
p e sa d e re a rin g se e d,
'
)
’
( n. pr .

S
'

p e se t a ( p a n is h c oi n ) p r s e e -
t o .

p e s k y a dj ( plagu y ; h a t e fu l ) p e sk i
'
. .

p e s o n ( Sp a n ish d oll a r ) p e e se
’
-
. .

P e s t a l oz z i a n a dj ( of Pe st a l oz z i ) pe st s l otsi -a n ; ( less prop

'
.

e r l y ) p e st a l oz i ou
'
-
.

pe st i
'
p e s t l e n ( b r u i s
. i n g o r p ou n di n g t ool )
-
.

p et a l n ( c o r o
. l l a l e a f ) p e t p e t ( r a e y ) p i tI
l e l r l
' -
r -
’
,
’
, .

p e t a l e d a dj [ a ls o s p e l t p e t all e d pe t a l d ] pe tid
’
. .
,

p e t a l i n e a dj of a p e t a l ; p e t a l oid [ a l s o s om e time s, spe l t pct

. ,

am
’ ’
-m
a l i n ] pe t l , p e t l -
.

p ot a r d n ( d oor b a t t e r in g d e v ice ; crack e r ) p r t ozz d, pz t ozz

' ’
-
. .

p e t a r d e e r n s ol d ie r w h o i r e s a pe t a rd [ al s o spe lt pe t ar di er ]
. f
p e t az d l zz
’
.

p e t i o l e n ( l e a -
s t a l k
’
) p e t i -
oi f .

p e t i t a dj ( s m a l l .
, m i n o r , t r i l i ng, pe t t y )
’
p et r, (formerly) f
'
pe t l t .

eti t -b a u m e n l iq u or [ a ls o s e l t p e t it b a u me ] t x-b oom

'
p p .
pe .

( i i m i or ) p e t i i t
’
p e t i t e a d j l t t l e , t
. n y ; n .

i
’
( k i gg g ) p i
S , p i - i-
’
p e t i t i o n a s n
.
g b e n x t I -
, o x t I t o .

p e t i t i o n n ( b e g g i n g .; e n t r e a t y ; r e q u e st ) p l t I S
’
an .

-b ir d
i
’
) p g
’
p e t r o l n ( s e a . e t s l ( r a r e ly) p I -
t gal , .

p e t r o l n ( p e t r ol e u m ; ga s oli n e ) p e t gol , ( r a re ly ) p r tx ool

’ ’
. .

m i ) p g l am - i-
’

p e t r o l e u n ( r o c k -
o l i
. t o o .

p e t r o l i n n p a r a f f in ; a l s o, a n oil f r om p e t r ol e um [ al so spel t
.

p e tr ol in a] p e t ga-h n
’
.

j ( k y) p i
’ ’
p e t r o u s a d s t o n y; r.o c r -
t gas , p e t gas .

i ( ki d i ) p k ot
’
p e t t c o a t n c o a t ; s .r t ; u n e r s k r t e t I -
.

p e t t i f o g g e r n ( l ow d ow n a t t orn e y ; ras ca l ly law ye r) pe t g

-
'
.

fogs z .

p ett i t o e s n p (p g
l i s e e t ) p.e t I -
t O O Z..
’
f '

p e t t y a d j ( s m a l l ; l it t l e ; m i n or ) p e t r
’
. .

p e t u l a n ce n ( s au cin e ss ; p e e v ish n e ss ) pe t S
' '
. o l s n s, -
pe t co
le n s .

ia ( pl a n t ) p r t cou i ( - n i-
' ’
p et u n n. -
u -
o; d ia l e c t a l ly) p l t ou a .

j
y e , c C U IZC ; 0t h e 9 M ix ” 3 a m re , SS h oe , t sch e w ;
,

to w h e n ; x ) s m g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e ac t , 0 u ll , ou ool , r i t , xi se e ;
.

f f
0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l, A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTI O NARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
03

p ew n ( . seat ed
p l a c e o r e n c l o s u r e i n a c h u rc h ) p c u u .

p e w e e n ( l .ca t c h efy
r )
’
p r i w i -
.

p e w i t n l a p w
. i n g ; t y r a n t l y c a t c h e r [ a l s o , s o f
m e t i m e s , s p e l t
p
e e w it u it ]
,
'
p Ipi -
t
'
pc o n -
It , .

d )
’
p e w t e r n ( g r a y . a l l o y o f t i n a n l e d p c u u t o z -
.

p f e n n i g n c o i n [.s y n o n m o u s c o g n a t e y e n n i n g ]
’
e u rg pf f ,
’
( r ar e ly ) p e n i g p f e n n)
’
f , .

p h a c o c h o e r e n w a r t h o g [ a. l s o s p e l t
-
h a c o c h e r e ]
’
f ae k a -
k rpzz .

’
i l l f l
[ ]
’
p h a e t o n n c a r r a g .e a s o s p e t p h a é t o n e e - -
I t n , f e e r t a n ,
-

’
f e e - t an .

p h a g e d e n i c a d j o f p h a g e d a e. n a o r s p r e a d i n g u l c e r [ a l s o
sp e t l h a p
g da
e e n i c ] f ee d s x
’
d e m k f w d s x
’
d I i -
m k ; f ae g x d e m k ,
'
,

i n d Ii m k
'
-
.

p h a g o cy t e
'
n ( u c yt )
l e o c e. f ae g s a rt
a -
.

p h a l a n g e n ph a l a n x of a d igit ; j oin t of a n i n s e ct s t a r sus ;

’
.

b u n dl e of s t a m e n s j oi n d b y t h e ir il a m e n t s [ pl u ra l fh al p
a g es ]
’
l aen ds f a l aen d s f a l ons
' ’
n f ae -
, ,
.

p h a l a n g e a l a dj f a l w n d si ol
’
-
. .

p h a l a n g e r n ( q u a d ru p e d ) f a lz n dsoz
'
. .

p h a l a n g e s n (p l u r a l o f . h a l a n x a n d h p
a l a n g ) e f o
'
l w n -d
siz p .

p h a l a n s t e r y n ( b u i ld i n g occu p ie d b y a p h a la n x ; s ocia list

.

i c c om m u n i t )
'
aal au s t e z r y f -
.

p h a l a n x n b a t t l e a .r r a ; c o m p a c t b o d y y o f t r o o p s [ p l u r a l ph a
l a n x e s b u t I n b iol og i c s e n s e s u su a l ly
,
'
h a la n g e s ] f e e - l a nks , p
’
f w - l ze nk s .

p h a l l u s n s y m b o .li c p e n i s ; a l s o , s t i n k h o r n , a u n g u s [ p l u r f
al p
h a ll i ] fr l s s
’
.

p h a n e r o g a m n ( l o w e r i n g .
p l a n t )f ’
f ae n o z a -
g a em .

m
’
p h a n e r o g a o u s a d j ( f l o w e r i n g ) f a
e . n a z o g a -
m a s .

p h a n t a s m n i ll u s i o n ; . i g m e n t ; a n t o m f [ a l s o s p e l t f a n t as m ] f
’
f
aen - t aez a m .

p h a n t a s m a n a n t a s m [ a
. l s of s p e l t a n t a s m a ; p l u r a l f
ph an t as
mas ,
p
h a n t a s m a t a ] f aen t aez m s
’
.

p h a n t a s m a l a d j [ a l s o s p e lt a n t a s m a l ] f a n t .
'
m olf .

p h a n t a s y n s a m e m e .a n 1 n g a s a n t a sy f .

p h a n t o m n s p e c t e r , . s p i r i t g h o s t [ a l s o s p e l t , a n t o m ]
'
ae n f f
t am .

p h a r a o h n ( b e e r ) .
’
f e z -
z o .

p h a r i s a i c a d j ( o f t h e P h. a r is e e s ; s e l -ri
g h t e o u s ) f ee z x
'
s e ef -
Ik .

m ( i f h P h i ) f
'
p h a r i s a i s n d o c t r n o . t e a r s e e s e t c ze z r s e r am
- z
, .
-
.

p h a r i s e a n a d j p h a r i sa ic [ a l s o s p e lt . h a r is a e a n ] f r e r s ri ou
’
p -
.

ph a r m ac e u t i c a d j ( o f p h a r m a c . ) f u z m a
’
s c u u -
t i k, y oa m s f
'
k cu u t l k -
.

or l a w , fu r a: , ze c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r , u u n ow , or a sk , or k it e
h ot , or
°

l e n gt h m a r k -
I n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d 18 l on g
s t r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1 e f
st re s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g sy l l ab l e .
04
4 DI CTI ONARY O F H ARD WORD S '

p h a r m a ce u t i st ( p h a r m a c i s t ) f uz m a
’
t t st , f uz m o k cuu
’
n . s cuu -

t xst .

p h a r m a c i s t n ( d ru gg i.s t ) f u zz -
m a -s r
st
'
.

p h a r m a c op o e i a n ( d r u g ook ; st ock of d ru gs ) f uz m oka

-b
.

i
'
p r -
o .

p h a r o n ( o .b s o l e t e )
’
f e z -z o
sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s . ar o f .

h i ) f e z z os
’
p a r o s n l
( g .h t h o u se -
.

h l j ( h h m m
’
d f ) f d i d
’
p a r y gn e a a o t e p .a r y n x a z s
-
a l , f u s t i -ol
.

p h alr y n g e s n ( pl u r al of p h a ry n x ) f a z m d siz
'
-
. .

p h a r y gn e u s n m u s c l e [p. l u r a l p h a r y g ]
n e i f z
e z m
’
d s i i -
as .

p h a r yn gi t i s n ( in fla m m a t ion of t h e p h a ry n x ) f a z xn d sa r
’
.

f i
’
t ,
xs w z rn d sx -
tl s .

p h a r y n g o t o m y n ( a cut t in g in t o t h e ph a ry n x ) fmz m g ot a
’
.

m 1 , fa z m g ot a - m l
’
.

h
p a yn x n
r t h r o. a t ca v it y
-
[ pl u ral p ha ry nges , p h ary n x es ]
fw z mk s
'
.

p h a s e n ( as p e ct ; v a lu e ) f e e z
. .

p h a s i s n p h a se
. as p e c t [p l,u r a l p h a ses ]
'
f e e -z rs
,
'
f e e -
sl s .

p h e a s a n t n b i r d [ a l s o s p e lt f e s a n t ] f e z s n t , f e z n t
’ '
. .

i tm
'
p h e n a c e t n n ( a c e t y l . d e r iv a t iv ) f r n ze s r —
.

P h e n i c i a n n n a t iv of Ph e n icia [ al s o sp e lt P h oen ic i a n ] f r
.

a
’
an .

ph i c i n e n i n d igo ca r m in [ a ls o, s om e t im e s , spe lt ph e n ic in ,
en .

] m sam
’
i i f
’
p h o e n c n f e n r -s
, e n r-
.

p h e n i x n m y t.h i c b i r d [ a l s o s p e l t p h o e n i x a n d , f o r m e rly , f e

n ix ] fri-n rk s
'
.

p h e n o l n ( c a r
. b o l ic a c id )
'
f ri -
n o l
’
f xi- n ol
, .

p h on ol o gy n s t u d y of r e cu rr ing b iol og ic p h e n om e n a [ als o

.

sp e l t p h a e n ol ogy ] f r n ol a -d sr
’
.

p h e n o m e n a n (p l u r a l. o f p h e n om e n o n ) f r
'
n o m r -
na .

p h e n om e n a l a d j of p h e n om e n a ; . e xce pt i on al [ also sp e lt
p h a e n om en a l ] f l n om r-u l’
.

p h e n o m e n a l i s o 11 [ a l s o s p e l t p h .e n o m e n a l is e ] f r
’
n om rn l - rz
a .

p h e n o m e n on n a pp e a r a n ce , . e v e nt , occu r r e n ce ; p rodigy
[ al s o, for m e rly , sp e lt p ha e n om en on ; pl u ra l p h en om e n a ] f r
’
n e m t —n on .

p h e n y l n r a d i
. c a l [ a l s o s p e l t p h e n y ]
l e
’
f ri-
m l , f e n xi
'
.

phew in t e rj e xpr e ss i n g
. i m p a t ie n ce , d isgu st , d iscom fort .
w e a r in e s s [ a l s o s p e l t ph u g h a n d , f or m e rly , phn ] fi ou

f i s a m e m e a n i n g a s v ia l
’
p h i a l n .a - l
a . .

p h i a l e n p a t
. e r a a v a s e ; c a
, n t h a ru s [p l u r a l p h i a l a e ]
'
f a i -a- r
l
p h i a l i n e a dj p h i al l ik e [ a l so, s om e t i m e s , s pe lt ph ia li n ] f ai
’
-
.

f a i - a - l a rn
’
e -l m , .

j 9 t h in ; 3 d3 S t Sc he w ;
'

ye , c cu r e ; a the , az u r e , oy ; s hoe ,
ful
.

w w h e n ; r) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r 1 re a ct u , , f001, 1
ou i t , t i se e ;
0 poe t ic ; a ov e r , e ae ri al, A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
4
06 DI CTIONARY O F H ARD WOR D S
p h i l o s o p h i c a d j ( o f p hil o s o p h .e r s o r p hil o s o p h y ) f rl o se k ,
’

f rla z of rk
'
.

p h i l o s o p h i s e 0 [ a l s o s p e l t .p h i l o s o p h i s e ] f r
'
l o s o -f a xz .

p h i l t e r n l o v e -
p
. o t i o n [ a l s o s p e l t p h i l t r e ]
’
f x l t a z .

p h i : n ( f ace ) f rz
. .

p h l e b o t o m i s e v p r ac t is p h l e b .o t o m y ; b l e e d ; u n d ergo phle
b ot om y ; b e b l e d [ a l so s p e lt p h le b ot om is e ] f e t b e t a-ma rs
'
.

p h l o g o t h o n t i c a d j ( o f P hl e g e t h o n ; . f i e r y ) f u g x
'
O e u t xk,
f e e d sl O on t l k
’
.

p h l e g m n m u c u s. ; p h l e g m a t i c c h a r a c t e r ; d u l n e ss [ a lso, f er
m e rly sp e lt fl e g m , e t c ] fl e m
, . .

p h l e g m a t i c a d j ( o f t h e n a t u .r e o f o r a b o u n d i n g in p hl e gm
m m
’
du ) f k f a ti k
’
s l u gg s hi ll , e e g w t x e eg -
, .

p h l o g i s t o n n ( s u pp o s e
. d p r i n c i p l e o f i n f la m m a b i li ty ) f e o
’
f
’ ’
f d f
’
d3 5 t
1 n e o
, s st - t o n ; e o g r s t a n , e o g s t on
t -
.

p h l o x n ( p l a.n t ) f e oks .

p h o c a e n i n e a d j p p o r o i s e -lik e
; of t h e Phocae nin a [ also,
.

s o m et i m e s sp e l t p ,h o c ae n i n ] f a
’
a ri - u m f o
’
s ri - n a rn , .

p h o n e t i c a dj r e p r e s e n t in g
. v ocal s ou n d s ; of ar ti cu lat e
s ou n d s ; p h on ic [ a l s o s p e lt f on e t ic ] f a n e t rk , fo n e t rk
’ ’
.

p h on e t i z a t i o n n ( r e p re s e n t a t i on of v oca l soun ds b y f o
.

f on rt r z e e S f on x- t a xz e e -S f o-n e t r
’ ’
n e t ic c h a r a ct e r s ) sn an ,
-
,

S
’
z e e - an .

p h o n i c a dj acou st ic ; f on e t ic [ a l s o sp e lt fon ic ] f on rk, foo

’ '
.

mk .

p h o n o g r a p h n f on e t ic l e t t e r or sy m b ol ; f onaut ogr a f ; i a
.

s t ru m e n t f or r e cor d i n g a n d r e p r od u ci n g s ou n d s [ als o sp e lt
f
on ogr a ]
’
f
f oo-n a - gz a zf .

h
p o n o g r a p h e r n f o n e ti s t ; s h or t h a n d -w ri e r
. t [ al so spe l t f o
n ogr a f e r ] f o n ogz a - f s z
’
.

’
p h on o g r a p h i c a d j [ a l s o s p e l t fon og r afic ] f on o gu k . .

p h o n o g r a p h y n w r it in g f on e t ical ly ; f on e t ic short h a nd , use

.

of t h e on ogr a f [ a l s o s p e l t f o n o f
g fy ]
r a f a
'
n o g z a -f r
.

'
p h o n o t yp y n f on e t ic p r i n
. t i n g [ a ls o s p e l t f o n o typy] f oo-u a
’
t a r- p r, f a n ot I -p t .

p h o s g e n e n ca r b on oxychl or id [ sy n on y m ou s cognat e ph os
.

g e n ] f os d sin
’
-
.

- s fe
h h f i
’
p o s p a t e n ( t
sa l o p h o. s p h or ic ac d ) f o t .

p h os p h or e s c e n c e n ( t h e q u a lit y of s h in in g i n t he d ark .

w it h ou t s e n s ib l e h e a t ) f os f s z e s s n s
’
.

p h o s p h o r i z o 11 [ a l s o s p e l t h os. h o r is e ]
’
f o s f a -
z a xz p p .

p h o s p h o r o u s a dj ( ph osp h ore sce n t ; u ll . of p hosphorus ) f

f os f o- z a s
’
.

j c cu r e ; b t h e 0t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Schew ;
ye , .

to w h e n ; n S i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , u u ool , I i t , t i se e : f f
.

0 p oe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e ri al, A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;

 DI CTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
07
h h ( m t)
’
p o s p o r u s n e l e e n . f o s f s -
z as .

p h o s p h u r e t e d a dj [ a l s o spe t l h o s. h u r e e d]
t t
’
pf o s f ipu -
z e t xd .

p h o t o c h r o m y n ( col orin g f ot ogr a fs ; c ol or f ot og ra f y ) f oo

'
-
.

k m f o t oks m l
’
t o -
s o l , e -
.

p h o t o g r a p h [ a l s o s p e lt o t o g r a ; p as t p a f
r t r c r f
p l e a n d p r e t
e r1t p
h ot og a h e d, f o og af t ]
r t p r
’
f oo t a gaa zi
- -
.

h
’
p ot og a p r h e r n [ a s o s p e t fot og af e ] a t ogz a faz
l l . r r f -
.

p h o t o g r a p h i c a dj [ a ls o sp e lt f ot ogr af i c ] f ot a gz ae k
’
. .

p h o t o g r a p h y n [ a l s o sp e l t f ot ogr afy ] f a t ogz a f x

’
-
. .

h v j az , f oo t ogz a v j u zz
‘ ’
f
’
p o t o g r a v u r e n oo t
- a
g z e e -
.
-
.

m m m
'
h
p ot o et e r n ( l i g h t -
e as
. u r i n g d e v i c e ) f e t o x -
t o z .

p h r a s e n ( w r it t e n e xp r e s s ion ) f s e e z
. .

h l d i i l f i d sr
’
p r a s e o o gy n ( c t o n , s t.
y ) e s e z o l o -
.

p h r e n e t i c a dj f s x n e t xk
’
. se e r e n e tic . f .

p h r e n i t i c a dj ( a e c t e d w it h p h re n it is ) f s r n rt t k
. ff ’
.

p h r e n i t i s n ( b r a.i n e v e r ) f s i
’
n a I -
ti s f .

p h r e n o l o g i c a dj ( of p h r e n ol ogy ) f s e n a l od srk ; ( le s s.
'
r o er p p
ly ) fs in a l od sxk
’
.

p h r e n o l o gy n ( s t u d y o .f m e n t a l a c u l t i e s , e t c ) f
f s x
'
n o l a -
d sr . .

p h t h i s i c n c on su m pt ion [ a ls o sp e lt t is ic ] t xz rk
’
. .

p h t h i s i s n c on su m p t ion [ a ls o, s om e t i m e s , s p e lt t is is ] 98 1
’
.

a I - s xs , t a x s xs , t l s xs , t xi-s rs , f O I SI S
’ ' ’ ’ ’
S I S, -
.

p y e n c a n ; p o t ca u t ; b ga e [ p u
h l .l l i i l n i r i d l r a l hy a e ]
l
'
f a ir
I -
p .

h ( p l t ou s )
’
p y l l o x r
e a n a n l
. e f i l a k s x z-
zo -
.

h l (g i ) f d
’
p y o g e n y n e n e s. s o f a t r i b e x l o s r -n t .

p h y l u m n t r i b e , r a ce [ p l u r a l
. hy la ] f a t l om
’
p -
.

p h y s al i t e n ( v a r i e t y of t op a z )
.
’
rss l a i t , f
( l e ss r o e r ly ) -
p p
’
f rz a l a xt , f e I -sa - l a l t
’
-
.

p h y si o d os e w i t h ph y s io, e t c [ p r e s e n t p a rt rc rpl e . hys ick p

i n g, p a s t p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t hys i ck e d, ph y s ic t ] f xz xk p ’
.

p h y s i c i a n n ( m e d ic a l m a n ; d oct or )
. r e an
’
f .

p h y si ci s t n ( on e v e r st in p hy s ics ; b e l ie v e r in p hy s ici s m )
.

f l z x- S I St
’
.

( of o l i p y o o d ug )
’
h
p y s i c k y a dj r. k e h s i r r s f xz r -
kx .

h
p y s i og n o m i c a dj ( of p y s g o y ;
h i o n m . c h a r a c t e r i s t i c ) f xz i -
og
n e m rk , f t z i a n om l k
’ ’
-
.

p h y s i o g n om i s t n ( on e sk il d in p hysi og n om y ) f rz i ogn a
’
.

m l st , f xz i on a - tn l s t
’
.

p h y s i og n o m y n ( a rt of j u d gin g ch a r a ct e r r om a’ ci a l or
. f f
b od il yf e a t u re s ; f
a c e ; c ou n t e n a n ce ) f l z i ogn s - m t , f xz i on a - m r
’
.

h
p y i o og y
s l n ( s c i e n c e
. o f o r g a n i c u n c t i o n s ) f i z i
'
o f
l s -
d sr .

p h y s i q u e n ( p h y s ica l or b od ily s t ru ct u r e ) f r z xik

'
. .

dst
'
( y) d f l
’
h
p yt o l o gy n b o t an
. f a x t o l a s r x t o s - -
, .

or l a w , fur,
a: a c at , o h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , a : a sk , or kit e
, or
°

l e n g t h - m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p re ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ,

s t r e ss -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s chi e f st r e s s on th e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e .
4
08 DI CT I ONARY O F HARD WO R D S
pi n , v . . m p r in t i n g
di sord e rd ty pe [ a lso spe lt pi e, py e ] pa r
, .

p iaf f e a m ov e s om e w h at as i n t rot t in g [ p es t pa r t rcrp l e an d

.

pr e t e r 1 t p iaff e d, piaf t ] pi a f
’
.

p ia m a t er n ( in’m ost m e mb ran e in v e st in g th e b ra in and

.

sp i n l
a c o r d ) p a i -
s m e e -t az .

p iani s s i m o a j d ( v e r y s o f t) p i -
a
’
n.x s t -m
o .

i m i
' '
p i a n i s t n ( p ay l e r
. o n t h e p i a n o ) p ae s t , p r -o - n rs t .

l f m i i i-o m ist
) p
’
p i a n i s t o n ( p ' ,
a i a n i st
. e s p e c i a l y a e a l e p a n s t .

p i a n o a dj ( s oft ) pi oz n o
-
. .

p i a n o n ( a so t f
. o r g e n t l e p as sa g e o r t on e ) p i
’
o z-
no .

p ia o n n (p i a n. o f o r t e ) p i
’
aa n o p i
’
u z-
no , .

i
’
p i a n o f o r t e n ( m u s i ca l i n s t ru. m e n t ; p i a n o ) p’ -z n o fo w —t r
, pi
ze n o f o:z -t x; p i a n o f ozz t ; p i-u z- n o f ozz t x, p i oz-n o-f ozz -t x
’ ’ '
- - -
.

p i a s s a b a n w oody f ib e r [ sy n on y m ous cogn a t e s pias sava , pia

.

c a b a ] p i a su z b o p i a
’
s sa b o
’
- - -
.
,

p i a s t e r n Sp a n is h d ol l a r ; T u rk is h coin [ al s o spe l t pias tr c]

.

p i ae s t az
’
.

p i a z z a n ( p u b l ic s q u a re ; pla z a ; v e ra n d a ) p i z za
'
. .

S i k ( e s s pr oper ly )
'
’
p i b r o c h n ( c o t c h . m u s ic ) p r -
b e e ; l pa r
bz e k .

p i c n T u rk is h m e a su r e [ a l so spe lt p ike, pile a n d, fe r m er ly,

-
.

p e ck p ick ] p rik p rk
, , .

— ka
’
p i c a n ( i n . a l l s e n s e s ) p a r .

p i c a d o r n ( m ou n t e d m a n w h o p ricks t he b ull at t he ope ni ng

.

of a b u l l f ig h t ) p xk o d ozz
’
-
.

-
p i c a r e s q u e a d j o f p ic a r o o n s o r r.o q u e s [ a l so s p e l t pi c h a r e s“

]
’

que p xk a z e sk .

p i c a yu n e n .
( ha l f re a l ; f iv e -
ce nt p i e ce ; pe t t y coi n ) pi lo
fiu u n .

p i cca d i l l n .
( ob s ol e t e ) b ord er , ru ff , c oll a r [ al so spe l t pick s
d il l ; sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s p ecca d ill o , picky di lly , e tc .
] prka
’

( il l .

p i c c a n i n n y n l i tt l e o n e ; c hi l d . ; b a b y , e s p e c i al l y o f a n y n e

gr oid r a c e [ a s o s p e t
l l p ic k a n i n n y, p ica n i n n y] p
’
r k a - a rn t .

’
p i c c o l o n ( flu t e ) p xka l o
-
.

p i c e n c om of In d ia [ a l s o s p e lt pys e ; pl ur a l p ic e ] pa rs
. .

i p S i
’
-b l a k
’
p i c e o u s a d j ( ’ o f o r l ik e p i
. t c h ; p i t c h c ) p r e -as
, r -as
,

p S s ( a e ly ) p i
’
x o r r ,
a I -
s -
as .

) p S g , p S i ’
'
p i c h i c i a g o n ( t r u n c a t e a r m a
. d il l o r t rs i e e -
o I t I s o z- o
q .

pic i f o r m a dj i
( p tc h -
l i k e ) p
’
r. s r -
f ozz m .

p i c i f o r m a dj ( f or m d lik e a w oodp e ck e r ) p a x s r ozz m , prs r

-f
' ’
-
.

fo:z m .

d
’
m m
'
p i c i n e a d j ( o f w oo .
p e c k e r s ) p a r sa , p a t -
s —
.

5 yo c cu r e ; a t h e 0t h i n 3 3 a z u r e d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t S he w :
, , . c
t o w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , l r e act , 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , u se c ;
.

f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c ga te ;
4
10 D I CTION A R Y O F H ARD WO RDS

p il a u n . ori e n t a l dis h [ also sp e l t pil la n, pil ot s, pillow , pe l aw ;

sy n ony m ous cog n a t e s p ila o pil aff ] p r l c: pl ioo, pxlc u
' ’ '
, .

j ( p ;
' '
p i l e a t e a d c a t c r e.s t e d ) p rl i e t , p a r -l i -at -
.

i h ) p g -i rk
’
p i l g a r l c n (p o o r c re .a t u r e ; w r e t c r l c zz .

i
p g l r i m a g e n (j o u r n e y o f a . i
p g l r i m ’
) p g xl z t -mr d
s .

m iz e play t he pilg rim [ als o spe lt pilgri mis c] pslgz l

'
p i l g r i
m a rz .

'
p i l l a r n ( colu m n ) p rlaz
. .

p rlo ; ( vu lgar ly ) prla

' '
p i l l o w n ( h ea d
-r e
. st ; cu shi on ) .

j ( i y) p l ( m i y)
’
-l os
’
p i l o s e a d h a r . a r o o s , as s u p t v l p a x ; ( als o,
'
r a r e ly ) p x loos .

y [p
'
p i l u s n h a.i r -l ik e b o d l u r a l p ] p
i l i a x-l a
s .

p i m e n t o n d ri e d b e r ri e s ; t r e e [ syn ony m ous cogn a t e pis se s

.

ta] px m e nt o
’
.

p i n a c o i d a d j s l a b - l ik e [ a.l s o s p e lt p i n a k o i d ] p
'
x n o-kord .

(p ) p m k O
’
p i n a c o t h o c a n i n a c o t h e k . a e ri —
ka .

p i n a c o t h e k n a rt m u se u m [ al s o spe lt pinac othe ch]

'
.
prna
ko-O e k .

i i m foz
’ '
p n a f o r e n ( c h l d s a
.
p r o n ) p a -
.

’
i
’
p n a s t e r n ( l t pi n e ) p i n ze s t az , p a r nz st az
-
c u s e r . .

p in ax n t a b le t ; re gis t e r ; ca t al og ; pl a tt e r [plural pitt a “ ,

.

] p m
’ ’
-n w k
'
p in a k e s I -n a e k s p ze k s , p a I ,s .

p i n c e -n e z n
( e y e g l a s se s ) p n ne
.
’
w s -
.

p i n c e r s n n ipp e r s [ d ia l e ct al sy n on y m ous su b st itu t e pinc hers ]

.

’
p r n s az z .

p in ch v . n ip , sq u e e z e [ p a st pa rt rc rpl e and pre t er rt pinc he d,

pin c h t ] p i n t s ( a ls o in B r i t a in of t e n ) p m s
, , , .

p i n c h b e c k n ( a ll oy ) p m t Sb e k
’
-
. .

s a m e m e a n i n g a s p in cer s
'
p i n ch e r s n pm tS oz z . . .

P i n d a r i c a dj ( of Pi n d a r ) p m d aaz rk
’
. .

p i n e a l a d j ( s h a p e d l ik e . a p i n e -
c on e )
’
p a r-n i-al
,
'
p xni -al
.

( r a r e ly ) p a l n I i al
’
-
.

p i n i c a dj ( of pi n e ) p a x n xk
’
-
. .

p i n i o n e d a dj w i n g e d [ al s o sp e lt pin i on d ] p m j a n d
’
. .

p i i t e n ( s a cc a n
n h r i . s u b s t a n ce f ro m p i n e t
- re e sa p )
'
pr-n
a rt ,
’
p a I -
n a xt .

p i n n a cl e n . k al ( tu rre t )
’
p rn s -
.

p i n n a t i f i d a dj p i n n a t e l y c l e ft a t l e a s.t h a l f -
w ay t o t he m i d

d l e ; p in n is e ct e d [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e p e n n a t i i d ] p xne t r
'
f
f xd ( r a r e ly ) p t n a t x- f rd
'
.
,
’ ’
p i n n a t i p a r t i t e a d j p x-n
e t x p u z -
t a xt , p x-n aa
t r p u z -
.t a rt .

p m o k ol s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s p e n u ckl e
'
p i n o cl o n
-
. . .

p i i i o n n ( n u t p i n e ) p rn j a n p r n j on
'
' ’
-
.
.
,

j c c
ye ,u r e : b t h e 0 t lzi n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc hew ;
,

w w he n ; x ) s m g ; u w h oe v e r , l r e act , 0 u l l , on ool , I it , ri se e ;
.

f f
c p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 4
ll

p i n y a d j o f p i n e . [ a l s o s p e l t p i n e y] p a i -
nx
'
.

p i p a n ( t oa d ) p a I p a , p i p u z,
’ ’
-
.

i
p p g a e n [ a l s o , f o. r m e r ly, s p e l t p i p e a g ] p
e
'
a r-
p rd s .

p i p i s t r e l n b a t [ a l s o s p e lt p i p is t r e l l e ] p rp r st ge l
'
.

p i q u a n cy n ( a pp e t iz i n g f la v or ; t a rt n e s s ; q u a li ty of b e ing
.

i ) p i
' '
p q u a n t I -
k an - x
s , p rk a n -
sr .

p i q u a n t a dj ( s h a r p ; k e e n ; liv e ly ) p ri kan t , p rkon t , p ri

’ ’ ’
.
-

k a n t , p ri kae nt , p x k a n t , p x-kae n t , p i ka n t , p ri-kcn t ,

' ’ ' ’ ’
p ri
'
- -

k or] .

p i q u a n t e a dj ( p iq u a n t : u se d e s pe cially a s a f e m i n i n ; liv e
.

ly ; t a kin g ) pi k a zn t
'

i
p q u e n ( f e e li n g ; off e n s e t a k e n ) p rik
i l l -
.
.

p i q u e t n ( ca r d g a m e ) pi k e t , p xk rt , ( r a r e ly ) p i k e e
’ ' '
-
. .

i
p q u e -w o r k n d e c o r a t i v n e e d .l e w o r k ; t or t o i s e -
shell w or k

[ a l s o s p e l t p i q u e t -
w o r k p qi c u é -
w o r k i
’
k
] p e w s zz k e -
, .

i ( b b ) p
'
p r a c y n r o e r
.
y a t s e a , e t c a l -
z s -
sr . .

p i r a g u a n ca n oe [ s y n on y m ou s cogn a t e s p er iag u a, p ir ogu e ]

.

’
pt z aegw e .

i i l d j (p i i i m
’
p r a t c a a r a t e l k e ; p ra
. t e d ) p a r z t-
I -k
sl .

p i r l v t w is t , w in d , s p in , p u rl ; r e v ol v ; cu rl , r ipp l e [ p as t pu r
.

t l crp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t pir l e d pir l d ] p u zz l com p a r e u rl

’
, . p .

p i r o u e t t e n ( w h i r l i n g t oe d a n c e ) p l z u e t
’
-
. .

p i r r n t e r n ,
.
p i r r -
m a u ; b l a c k -
h e d e d gu ll [ a ls o s p e lt irr e, p
p u r r e ] p o zz c om p a r e u rr .
1
p .

p i s c a t o r y a d j ( o f i s h e r s o r .i s h i n g) p
’
xs f
k a -
toz x f .

p i s c i c u l t u r e n ( is h cu l t u r e ) p
’
xs r
.
- f
kA l t S az -
.

p i s c i n a n i s h p o n d [.p l u r a f
l i s c i n a e , i s c i n a s ] p r
'
s ri -
n o, p 1 p p
’
s a I - n a.

p i s ci n p ool , p on d [ a ls o s om e t im e s , s p e lt piscin ]
’
e n .
, p t s rn ,
’
pt s xin .

p i s c i n e a dj ( of f is h ) p r s a m , p t s m
’ '
—
. .

m m -m
(
’ ’
p i s i r e n a n t ) p x s -
. a l z , p xz a rz .

’
i h i ( l ) p S S
’ '
p s t a c o n n u t ; t r e e ; c
. o or rs t az- o p t s t a z-
o ; p rs t a : ~
,

Si o p rs t e e So p rs t ae So p l s t i o
’ ’
S
’
i
’
-
o p x,s t e e - -
,
-
, ,
-
.

p i s t i l n ( s e e d b e a r i n g or ga n ) p rs t rl
’
-
. .

p i s t ol v s h oot w it h a p ist ol [ p r e s e n t p a r t rc rpl e p is t ol i ng pis

.
,

t ol l in g ; p a st p a r t i c rpl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p is t ol e d, p is t oll e d, pis

t ol d ] p rst l
' ’
p xs t ol , .

p i s t o l n ( f i r e a r m ) p t st l
’ ’
.
p rs t al , .

p i s t ol e n ( Sp a n is h gol d coin ) p l s t ool

'
. .

p i s t o l e e r n on e w h o u se s a pis t ol [ f or m e r sy n on y m ou s cog
.

n a t e p is t ol i e r ] p rs t a l rzz
’
.

’
p i s t o n n ( pl u n ge r ) p rs t n
’
.
p rst an , .

c: l aw fur
, a: , ac c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r n o n ow 8 : a s k a t ki t e ;
h ot , or , , ,

l e n gt h m a r k -
I n d i c a t es t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g ;

s t r e s s m a r!:
-
1 n d i ca t e s c h 1e f
st r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g sy l la b le .
 4
12 DI CTI ON ARY O F H A RD W O R DS

p i t a p a t a d v pa t t e r in gl y ; lu t t eri n gly ; w it h ligh t s t ep [ also

. f
spe lt pi t -a -pa t ; sy n on y m ous cogn a t e s pit pa t, pi t ty pa t i ny
, p
p
a t ty ]
'
p xt a -
paet .

p i t e o u s a d j ( u l l o f i
p y) p
t
’
.x t i -
as f .

p i t h n ( sp on gy t issu e ; m a rr ow ; e s se n ce ; vi gor) p r0
.
.

p i t h e c o i d a d j ( p a e -
l i k e , s i m i a n ) p . r
’
O r i -kox d ,
’
p r O r—
koxd.
p i t i a b l e a d j ( e x c i t i n i
g p y; p yt . it f u l ) p
’
x t i-o-b ol
.

p i t i f u l a dj ( u ll o f i t
p y; p .i t i a b f
l e ) p
’
rt t -f
ol .

i t i l d j ( i h i m il
'
p e s s a w t o u t p y; t . e r c e s s ) p r t r—l s
s .

p i t t a n ce n ( p i ou s d on a t ion ; d ole ; s ma ll a moun t ) p xt ns.

'
.

'
p l t an s .

p i t t i ci t e n. i ch
p t y i r on -or e
[ syn onym ou s cogn a t e pit t ic it e]
’
pi t t -s a rt .

p it u it a n (p m
'
. h l e g m ; u u ) p t cu
c s 1 a r-
ta .

p itu itar y a dj ( of p it.u i t a ; m uc ou s ) p c

i
’
t uu -t -t ez r
.
'
t
p c
r u -r

t ez r .

p i xy n . f a i ry [ a l s o s pe lt p ix ie ; pl u r a l p ix i e s ] ’
p rks r .

i i a dj ( p l u ck t ) p rt s r k u z t o
’
p z z ca t o .
-
.

l b k m
'
l j ( pp l k -b al
’
p a c a e a d a e as a b e ) p. e e e -
o -
b a l , p o .

p l a ca r d n ( n ot ice , b i ll p ost e r ) p w kuz d , pw kaz d ; p l a

’ ’
.
-
,
’
k u :z d , p e w ku zz d
’
.

p l a c a r d v ( s e t u p pl a ca r d s on or i n ; p ost as a pl acar d ) p ra
'
.

ku z d p u e k oz d ; p L o ku zz d , p e w k u zz d
’ ' ’
, .

p l a c a t e v ( p a c i f y )
’
.
p L e e ket
-
'
p u c k e t ; p e a k e et
’
, .

l j (p p i i k
’ ’
p a c a t o r y a d r o t a t o r y) p . L e e -
k a -
t o a , p w a -t oz x .

m
’
l
'
p a c c a t e n ( a r o r ) p .L ae -
k e t p u ck e t , .

p l a c e n ( s p ac. e ; l o c a l i t y ; r e s id e n ce ) p L e e s .

l b l d j ( p l f i l d -s e -b al
’
p a c e a e a ca a b e o b e .n g p a c e ) p L e e .

p l a ce b o n pa cif y in g m e di c in [ p lu r al p lace b os , p lac e b oe s ]

.

i
'

p L a S I -
bo .

’
p l a c o i d a d j (p l a t e -
l ik e ) p L ae k ol d
.
-
.

p l a g i a r i s m n ( lit e r a r y t h e f t e t c ) p L e e d si o z rz am, pz e e
’
- - - '
. .
,

d so z xz om ; ( l es s p r op e r ly ) p L ze d si a- z u a m
'
- -
.

i d
’
p l a g i a r i s t n ( o n e g u l t y o
. f p gl a ia r i s m ) p e e e -
sl-a -z rs
t,
’
p e d s e xs t
-
L e -
a .

p l a g i a r i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t p .l a g i a r is e ] p
’
e e e -
d s i -
a -
z a xz ,
’
pe e e
d 3 9 -Z S I Z .

p l a gi a r y n . f
( or m e r l y k id n a p pe r ; n ow , pl agi ar i st ; plag i a ,

r is m )
’ '
p L e e d s i -
e z r , p L e e d s zx
a - - -
.

p l a gu e n ( a f fl ict i on , sc ou r ge , p e s t il e n ce ) p L e e g
. .

l ( i l m
’
p a gu i l y a d v n a p g y
a u a n n e r.
) p L e e g lr
i - -
.

p l a g u y a d j p e s t i e r ou s ; t h a t is a pl a gu e ; v e xa t iou s [ also,
. f
f
or m e r l s p e lt y
l agu ey ] p L e e gt ( o t e n ) p a e g l
,
’ '
p -
, f .

j e, t; cu r e ; a the , 0t hi n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; S t S he w ;
s h oe , c
w w ; en I) S i ng ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 f u ll, u u f
ool , 1 i t , 1 1 se e ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o g at e ;
4
14 DICTIO NARY O F HARD W O RD S

p l asti c ad j .
( ca p a b l e of b e ing molded ; forma t iv , et c. )
pe z s t xk
’
.

p l a t n l a t p.a rt ; f o ot -b ri d e
g ; fl a t f cou n t ry [ a lso, f orm erly.
s p e lt p
l a t t ] p u nt .

p l a t n ( p l o t.) p u t t .

p l a t n ( a c on.t e x t u r e o f i n t e r l a ce d s t raw , hai r, e t c. ; braid

pla it ) p e a t .

p l a t v ( i n t e r t w i n e , pl a i t ) p e a t
. .

p l a t a n n o r i e n t a l p l a n e.
-
t re e [ syn on ym ous cogna t e pl a te ns ]
’
p u s t an .

f
p l a t e n ( l a t s h e e t of m e t a l ; s h a ll ow d ish ; silv er or gold
.

w a re ) pe e e t .

p l a t e v ( ov e r l ay or coat w it h m e t a l ) p e e e t
. .

p l a t e a u n t a b l e -
l a n d ; t r a y f or t h e t a b l e
. [ plural pla te au ,

pl a t e a us ] p L a t oo, p L aa t oo
’ '
.

p l at e au : n .
( pl u r al p e a tooz of p l a t e au ) ’
.

p lat en n . i m p r e s s ion -pl a t e of a p r i n t in g-p ress [ al so s pe lt

pla t t en ; sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s l a t in , la t ti n ]
'
pw tn, p p
'
p u e t on .

p l a t i n a n a r c h a i c (p l a t i n .u m ) p a w t u -
a , p w t r-n
a . p e a t xi -n a
' ’ '
.

p l a t i n i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t p l a t i n is e
. ] p
'
u t u -
a rz .

i m
’
p l a t n o t yp e n ( f ot o g r a f y i n p l a t in u -b l
. ac k ) p w t n -o-
t a rp .

p l a t i n u m n ( m e t a l ) p u nt u a m , p L aat r n s m , ( r a r ely ) p u t fl
' ' ’
- -
.

ns m .

P l a t o n i s t n ( f oll ow e r of Pl a t o) p e e e -t a- n rst ; ( less pr ope r ly)

.
’

'
p L azt a -
n xs t .

p l a t y r h i n e a d j b r oa d -
n os e d [ a l s o spe l t p la tyrr hi ne a n d.
.

s om e t im e s pl a t y r h i n ] z am
’ ’
p L ae t I -
z
, x n p t x-
,
.

p l a u s i b l e a d j f o r m e r l y p r a i s e w o r t h y; . n ow , f a i r -s e e mi
ng , ,
'
s p e ciou s ) c z- z o- b al .

p l a u s i v e a dj a pp l a u s iv [ a l s o s p e l t pl a u s iv ] p e cz s rv , p w
' '
.
-

z rv .

play v e x e r c is e . etc [ p ast p a r t rcrp l e a n d p re t e r 1 t pl ayed ,

,

pl ay d ] p L e e , ( w h e n u n s t r e s t ) p e e .

l m ' ’
p a z a n ( a r k e t -
p l.a c e , s q u a r e ) p e a z-
z a , p e u z-
za .

p l e a s a n c e n p l e a s u r e , j y; p
o l e a s a n t r
. ; p l e a s u r e -
gr ou n d [ 3 1 y
s o, s om e t i m e s , Sp e lt p l a is a n c e , p l es a n ce ] ’
p L e z on s ,
’
pu i -z a n s ,
’
pL e z ons .

p l ea sa n t a dj p l e a s in g , a g r e e ab l e [ a l s o sp e l t ple s an t ]
.

’ '
p L e z on t pL e z nt , .

p l e a s a n t r y n f u n ; j e st [ a l s o s p e lt pl e s a n tr y ; pl u ra l pl eas
.

a n t r ie s ]
’ ’
p L e z on t g t p L e z n -
t gt -
, .

p l ea se v. ( g r a t ify ; b e pl e a se d ) pu lz , (w h en u n s t r es t ) pe lz .

j ye ,c cu r e ; Z ) the 9 t h in ; 3 az u re , ( 13 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch ew ,

t o w h e n ; 1) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a c t , 0 u ll uu ool , I i t , I i se c , f , f
0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F H ARD W ORD S 4
15

p l e a su r e n. e n oym e n t ,
j f
gr at i icat ion [also spe lt pleu ra ]
’ ’
p e e ss z ; ( d i a l ec t a ll y) p e e e - sz
s .

p l e a t v ( f ol d i n t o ple at s ; p lai t ) p e t i t
. .

p l e b e i a n n ( o n e o f. t h e p l e b s ; c o m o n e r ) p e r
’
b r i -ou
, pe i m
b 1 i an , p u h t i-j s n
' '
-
.

p l e b e i a n i z e v m ake pleb e ia n ; vu lgariz e [al so spe lt ple b ei

.

a n is e ] p u b ri-a-n a l z
'
.

p l e b i s c i t e n p l e b i s c i t u m ; d ir e ct v ot e of all t h e e le ct ors [ s lam

.

s om e t i m e s , s p e l t pl e b ic i t ]
'
p e e b x -
se rt ,
’
p e e b r-s rt
,
'
p e e b r-sit
;
( i m p r o p er l y ) p u
’
b t s rt .

p l e d g e v ( p a w n ; b i n d ; a ssu re t h e pe r f orm an ce of ) pe eds

. .

'
p l e d g e a b l e a d j p e e d s s -b s l . .

p l e d g e e n ( o n e . w i t h w h o m a p l e dge is d e pos it e d ; ps w uee )

i i
’
d
’
p e e d s x , p L e s x .

p l e d g o r n ( o n e w
. h o d e p o s it s a pl e dge , pa w n e r ; on e w ho

pl e d ge s h im se l f ) p e e d ssz
’
.

p l e d g o r n m l a w
.
, c o rr e l a t rv o f ple dgee [ al so spe lt pl e dge or]
'
p e e d s ozz .

d ( i ll i l f h i ng ) i e d.
’
p l e i a n b r . a n t c u s t e r o p e rs o n s o r t s p e a -

i
'
p a sd
e -
.

p l e i n -a i r a d
j o p e n -a i r :
. sai d of sch ool s of pain ti n g, et c .

[ a l s o s p e l t p l a i n -
a ir ] p
’
e s e n -e
zz .

P l e i s t o c e n e a d j ( Ne w e r Plioce n e ; Post -Pli oce n e ) pe ar-sb.

’

s1 n .

p l e n a r y n ( com p le t e ) i
’
( p p y) p
’
. l ess r o er l pu e e -ex
-n a-
n a e x; .

p l e n i p o t e n t i a r y a dj ( i n v est e d w i t h u ll pow e r ; ab s olut e )

. f
S , p S i S i
' ’ '
p e e n xp a t e n s -
u e e n x p a t e n -
e e r , p L e n rp a t e n -o-e r .

p l en it u e d n ( u l n e ss ) p
’
e e
. n 1 -
f
t cu d .

p l e n t e o u s a d j (p l e n t i u l , c o p i
. o us ; e r t i l ) p
’
e ef n t i -os f .

p l e on a s m n ( r e d u n d a n c y) p
.
'
u i -a nz z s m
-
.

p l e t h o r a n ( o v e r -
u l n e .ss . e t c ) p
'
L G O Of-
Z O , p u
’
O o z -e a . .

p l e t h o r i c a d j ( o f u l l h a b i . f
t of b od y ; s w oll e n ) pe r O eet k.
'

’
p e
L O a -
z xk .

p l e u r i s y n ( i n l a m m a . t i o n o f t f
h e p l e u r a ) p
’
e c z-er-sr .

p l i c a t e a d j ( o l d e d , p l e. a t e d ) p f'
e a r -k e
t .

.
’
f
p l i ca t e v ( old , pl e a t ) p L a r k e t , pe r ke et
-
’
.

) p i
’
p li rs
e n p (p
l . i n c e r s . e s -a z
z .

p l i g h t n ( pl e d g e , e n ga ge m e n t ) pe a rt
. .

p l i g h t n ( con d it ion , s t a t e ) pu n t
. .

P l i o ce n e a dj U ppe r T e rt ia ry [ a l s o spe lt Pl eioc en e ] pe ai-o

.
'

s1n .

p l ot n .
p ie ce of gr ou n d ; pl an , m ap , sch e m e [ synonymous
cog n a t e p la t ] p e ot .

c: l aw f ur
, a: , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r, d o n ow , u: ask, a t kit e ;
h ot , or
l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t ha t t h e p re ce d 1 n g sou nd 1 s l on
s t r e ss -m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s chie f
s t r e ss on t h e f ollow rn g sy
 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
’ '
p l o v e r n ( b i r d.
) p u w az ; ( e rr on e ou s ly) p e s o-v az .

p l ow n , v . [ a l so s pe lt p l ou gh ; a s v e rb , p as t pa rt rcrpl e an d
.

p r e t e r 1 t p l ow e d , pl ow d ] p L oo .

p l o w m a n n [ al s o s p e lt p l ou gh m a n ; pl ur al plow m en ] p w o
'
.

m an .

p l o w s h a r e n [ a l s o s p e l t p l o
. u g h s h a r e ] p L o o S
- e zz
’
.

p l u m n ( f ru it ; t r e e ) p u l m
. .

l
p u m ag e n f
( e a t h e r s . c o l l e c t i v l y) p
’
e o u m rd s
-
.

p lu m b n b a ll of l e d ; p lu mm e t ; t h e v e rt ica l [ al so sp e lt
.

plu m ] pL A m .

p l u m b a d j v e rt ica l ; d ow n r ight [ als o sp e lt plu m ] pu m

. .

p l u m b a d v v e rt ica lly ; e x act ly ; q u it e [ a lso spe l t plu m ] p u m

. .

p l u m b e r n ( a r t iz a n w h o w ork s i n l e d e t c ) p u m ac
'
.
, . .

m m m -m os
'
j ( ) p ( y) p
’
p l u o s e a d f e a t h e r d e u
. o o s . as s u p t i v l L o u .

p l u m u l e n ( ru d i m e n t.a r y s h o o t ; l i tt l e f e a t h e r ; p l u m e -lik e

j
'
-m u l
p a r t ) p L o u .

p l u p e r f e c t a dj c om pl e t e d p rior t o s om e pa st t im e [ syn on y .

m ou s c og n a t e plu s pe r f e c t ] p L ou - ps z f l kt , p L u p s z k t
’ '
.

p l u r a l i z e v m a k e plu ra l ; b e com e plu ral [ a ls o spe lt pl ur alis t ]

.

’
p L o z-
z a -
lal z .

p l u t o c r a c y n ru l e of w e a lt h [ al s o s p e lt plou tocr acy ] p a u

.

t oks a-s r
’
.

p n e u m a t i c n ( of , or a ct in g b y m e a n s of , w i n d or ai r ; of
.

ga s e s ) n j u m ae t xk
’
.

p n e u m a t i z e v p a ss a ir t h r u ; r e n d e r p n e u m at ic [ a l so s pe l t
.

m m -m
j
’ ’
p n e u a t is e ] n o u -
a —
t a rz ( r a r e ly) p j
N o u a -
t a xz , .

p n e u m o n i a 11 ( i n f l a m m a t i o n o .f t h e l u n g )
s n i a
’
n a o-ni a s
,

n j o m oo n j s
’ -
.

(g
' ’
p o d a g r a n o u t ) p e. d a -
gz s p o da gz a , .

p o d a g r i c a dj ( of p od a gr a ; gou t y ) p o da gz xk
'
. .

b n zz d
'
pe e -b i r d n p a rs o n -
b i r d . t u i [ a l s o s p e l t po é - b i r d ,] p o o -r- .

po e m 11 ( w .o r k i n v e r s e ) p
’
oo 1 m ; ( i m p r o p er l y) p
’
o o - e m , poom .

p o e s y n ( p oe t r y ; p oe t s a r t ) p3 0 1 3 1 ; ( l e ss p r oper ly)
’ ’ '
.
poo
1 21 .

( im p r op e r ly )
’
w r it e r
’
p oe t n .
( of p oe m s ) p oo-
rt ; poo-
at , poe t
.

’ '
p oe t a s t e r n .
( r im e s t e r ) p oo x t se st oz ,
- -
p l t a st ez .
o-

( fe m ale
'
p oe t e s s p oe t ) poo x tl s
- -
11 . .

lik e p oe t ry ) p o e t xk
’
p o e t i c a dj .
( of or .

p oe t i z e v . [ a l s o s p e l t o e t is e ] p
’
oo x t tu z
- -
p .

( impr op
'
p oe t r y 71 . ( a r t or w or k of a p oe t ; v e r se ) p oo x tzx;
- -

' ’
e r ly ) p a o-
a -
t gr, p oo-
t gr .

p og g e n .
( f i sh ) pe g .

b e in g p oign a n t )
’
p oi g n a n c y n . ( q u a l it y of p e r— n a n -s r
.

j ye , c cu r e ; b the , 0t h i n ; 3 az u re d 3 j oy ; S s hoe , t Sch ew ;

.

to w he n ; x) s in g u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct o ul l f
ou ool , I i t , 1 i s e e ; f
0 p oet ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ;
4
18 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
p ol y p h o n y n .
( m u l t i pl icit y of s ou n d s ; cou n t e rpoin t ; poly
’
f on ic w rit in g ) pa l
’
, p e l x -f on x a- n r .

j ( m ) pe l r f rlos ; ( le ss pr ope r ly)

’
-le a ft
l
p o yp y o h l l u s a d a n y .

f
’
po l l s -
ls s .

p o l y p i d u m n ( s u p p o r t i n .
g
-st ru c
t u r e o f a p o l y p -c olon
y ; o
p yl
l -d o
m
’
m
'
p a ry ) p s l rp x -
d o p po , .

'
l
p o yp i e r n ( p yp y ) p
o l . a r o l x -
p xzz .

l
p o yp o y d n ( f e r n ) p
.
'
o l x -
p u d r ,
’
p o l x -
pe d x .

l
’
p o l yp o r o u s a d j ( h a v i n g m a n.
y p o r e s ) p a xp a -zas .

p ol y p u s n ( cu t t l
. e f
- i h
s ; p yp ;o l t u m o r ) p
’
e l x - as
p .

p ol y s y l l a b i c a dj ( of m a n y syl la b le s ; ch ara ct e riz e d b y p oly

.

s y ll a b l e s ) p e h - s xl aeb i k , p ol xs xl aab xk
' ’
.

m l l l -b ol
’ ’
p o l y y s l l a b l e n ( w o r d o f a. n y y s l a b e s ) p o l l s x o , pe h
s xl s b ol-
.

p ol y t h e i s m n ( b e lie f i n m a n y god s ) p ol x O i xz am , pe l i
’ '
- -
.

I z am .

po m a c e n c r u s h
. t a pp l e s ; p p; u l f i s h -
scr a p ; ca ke [ al so s pe lt

p om ice, pom m ice, p u mm ice, pumm a ce ] pa m xs ; ( imp r oper ly) ’

pom xs
'
.

m m ) pa me ed , po me ed.
’ ’
p o a d e n ( sc e n. t e d o i n t m e n t ; p o m a t u

p o m o : d p o m o zd
’ ’
.
,

m m ( m d ) m m
'

p o a t u n p o a e .
p s e e -
t a .

m m pe m gz z n rt , pa m
’ ' '
p o e g r a n a t e n ( t r e e ) p o .
-
g z e n x t,
gz a n xt , p A m gz aen xt
’
.

p o m e l o n g r a p .e f ru it [ s y n o n y m o u s c o g n a t es pom e ll o, pom

m e l o, p o m ol o p u m e l o p u m m e l o] p om l l o, pA m x-l o
’ ’
-
.
, ,

p o m m e l n k n o b ,. b a l l ; s a d d l e -
b o w [ a l s o s p e l t pu m me l]
'
pa m ol .

p o m m e l v b e a t ; . b r u i s e [ a l s o s p e l t p u mm e l ; p r e se n t port z

cxpl e p o m m e l i n g, p om m e l li n g ; p a s t pa rt rc rpl e a n d pr e t er rt
p om m e l e d p om me lle d, pom m e l d ] pa m s l
,
'
.

p o m m e l l e d a d j h a v i n g a p o m. m e l o f a s p e c i f ie d t i n ct u re

s a id of a s w or d [ a ls o spe l t pom e ll e d, pom m el d, pome l d]

’
p A m ol d .

p o m p a d o u r n ( m o d e o f h. a i r -
d r e s s i n g ; c o l o r ; f a b ric ; pa t
m
’
p d oz
’
t e rn ; b d ) pi r o m p a -
d o z , p o a -
.

p o m p a n o n f i s h [ a l s
. o , s o m e t i m e s , s p e l t p o m p on o ] pe m po
'

’
n o, p om p o z- n o .

P o m p e i a n a dj ( of Pom pe i i ) p om p xi ou , pom p xi-j s n , pe m

' ’
-
.

’
p e e -
ou .

p om p e l m o os e n. sh a dd ock [ syn on y m ou s c ogn a t e p a mpel

m ou s e ] p om p al - m u s
’
.

p o m p i o n n p u m p k i n [ a l s o . s p e lt p u m pio n ] '
pa m pi- ou .

j yec cu r e ; b t h e
, 9 t h in 3 az u r e d ; j oy ; S s h oe , i sch e w ; . ,

t o w h e n : n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool I it , t i se c ; f f ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , c a e ri a l , A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , s o gat e ;
 DICTIO NARY O F H ARD W ORD S 4
19

po m po s i t y n ( po p o s cm u o n d u
. c t ; os t e n ta t i o n ) p o m pe s x-tx
’
.

p om p ou s a dj ( fu ll of pump ; lof ty ; b oas t ful ) pompas

'
. .

p o n c h o n ( c l oak ) pe n t S o, p on S
' ’
. o .

p o n d e r o u s a d j ( h e a vy; c l u m s y; d u
. l l ) p
'
e n d o—e as
, ( rapidly)
'
pon d t os .

'
p o n e n ( I.n l o w , w r it ) p oo -n x .

p o n e n ( i n
. v i n g t -e t -n u
, t
h e pl aye r t o t h e l e f t of t he de aler ;
’
l
e d st
e h a n d ) p o o -n
x .

p on e n ( c or n b re a d ) p oon
. .

p on g e e n ( s ilk ) pon d sxi , ( as su mptiv ly ) pe ndsi ; ( als o) pa n

’ '
.

dsxi
'
.

p on i a r d n ( d agge r) pon j az d
’
. .

po n t i f e x n h i h
g p r ie s t.; p o n t i ff ; p p ; b
o e r i dge bu il d er [plur
-

a l p on t if ices ] -f e k s
’
p e n t x .

p on t i f f n ( ch i e f p ri e st , high pr ie st ; b ishop ; pope ) pe nt t i

'
. .

p o ti
n f i c a l a d j ( o f a p on t i ff ; hi .h -
r i
g p es t y ) p l e n
’
t r kal
xf - .

po t n i f i c e s n (p l u r a l o f p o n t i
. f ex ) p e n
’
t rf x -s iz .

p o n t o o n n ( flat b ot t om d b oat ) pe n t uun , ( as su mptivly ) pe n

’ '
-
.

t un .

p o n y n s m a l l h orse [ als o spe lt pon ey ; plural pon ies, poneys ]

.

’
p oo-n
x .

p o o h in t er j e xp r e ss i n g im pat ie n ce , disdain , d isr e gard [ for

.

m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s pu g h pu h] puu , ( s om e ti m es) po , .

( e xpre ss disda in for ; make light of ) pu puu

’
oo h - ooh v
p p . .

‘
p oo k n p u k s a m e m e a n i n g a s p u ck
. . .

p o o r a dj ( d e st it u t e , n e e dy ; b ad ) pu zz , ( w hen l ess s tr es t ) pus

.

( a ls o) pus .

'
-h a us
’
p oo r h ou s e z -o us
n .
p u zz , p u z .

p o p e -j e a n n . ca rd -ga m e [ a ls o sp e l t p p
o e -J oa n
, Pope J oan ]
pa up d 3 oon
'
.

w ood pe cke r
'
-d e e.
p op i n j a y n .
( pa rr ot ; ) p p
e rn s
p o p l a r n ( t re e ) p op e s z
’
. .

p o p l i n n ( a b r ic ) popu n
’
. f .

p o p l i t e a l a dj ( of t h e h a m or h oll ow . at t h e b ack of t h e knee )

i
’ ’
o
p p m t i -
s l , o
p p u t x -
sl .

p o p p y n p l a n t ; l ow e r [ pl ur a l o ie s ] pop r
. f p pp '
.

p op u l a c e n ( t h e com m on pe opl e ; t he mult i tu de )

'
o o-l es
.
p pe ,
-l i
’
o
p peo s .

p o p u l a r i z a t i o n n [ al s o sp e l t popu l arisa tion ] popeo lan z e e

- '
.

S , p pc San
’
a n o u l o-
z a x z e e -
.

p op u l a r i z e v . m ake popu l ar [ als o spe lt populari s e ]

'
pepeu
l o-z a xz .

p or c e l a i n n .
( f in e e a rt h e n w a r e : ch in a ; piece of chin a-w are )

c: law . fa r,
a: s ca t . o
a b oy ; a : f ar , s o n ow , a: a sk, or ki te ;
h ot . or
le n gt h m a r k
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e prece d rn g sou n d rs lon
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c hi e f st r e ss on t he foll ow rn
g sylls b . g
4
20 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
’ '
-s x-l e n
’
m l
’ '
p l
o ze s - xn , p o zz s n ; p a ze s
-
x n , p n ; p o :z -
, ozz -s u
m
' '
l -l e n
’ ’
-l e n - x - r-l s n
p o zz s , p o z z s -
, p o z z s , p o zz -
s t .

p o r ce l a i n i s e v c o n v e r t i n
. t o p o r c e l a i n [ a l so sp e lt porce la in
' ’
is e, porce l la n is c ] p ozz s - l x- n tn z , pa ze s-h - n s t z .

p o r c e l l a n e o u s a d j o f t h e n a t u r e . o f or l ik e porce la i n [ sy n
on y m ou s cogn at e s orc e ll a n ou s , p
or ce l a n ou s ] poz s xl e e-n i-os,
’
p
i
’
p o z s x l e e -
u -
as .

p o r c e l l a n i c a dj l ik e p orce l a in [ also spe lt porce lan ic] pe en

.

la:n 1 k , p oz s l la m k
’ ’
.

p or c e l l a n i t e n p orc e la in j a sp e r [ als o s pe lt por ce lan i te ]

.

nm t
’
h
’
p o zz -
s xh n a x t -
, p o r s e -
.

sa m e m ea n
’
-l e n a s l
j p
’
po r c e l l a n o u s a d o zz - x
s .
, p o z s e r -n as .

1 n g as p
or ce l l a n e ou s .

ss m
’ '
i j ( f
’
p o r c n e a d o s w
. i n e ) p o z z -
s o x n , p o z z -
s x n , p oze -
.

p o r e v ( ga z e ; p on d e r ) puzz
. .

p o r e n .
( h o l e , o r if is ) p oze .

p o r gy n . i s h f[ a l s o s p e l t p g , p g
o r e e o r h e e a n d , f or m e r ly , pa ra

g ie ; s y n on y m ou s c og n at e s pa ugi e , pa u g h ie ; pl ura l pon i es ]

’
oz - r
p z g .

j ( fu ll of ( assu mptiv ly)

’
p o r ose ad .
p or e s ; p or ou s ) po z oos,
’
p oz-
z os .

j ( fu ll of p or e s )
’
p o r ou s a d p o z os.
-
. z

d -f x
’
p or p h y yr n ( h a r r o c k. ) p o ze -
at .

i ( ) p
’ ’
p o r p o s e n c e t a c e a n . o zz -
s
p , p
s o zz -
p ot s .

p o r r i d g e n ( p ot t a g e , s ou p ; oa t m e a l f ood ) pe e rds
'
. .

i m
’
p o r r i n g e r n (p o rr d g e -
d i
. s h ) p o z -
d sos .

p o r t n ( h a r b or ; h a v e n ; s e a p or t ) puzz t
. .

p o r t 11 ( g a t e ; p or t h ol e ; a pe r t u r e ) p uzz t
. .

p or t i t ( d e p ort m e n t ; m e a n ; s t yl e of li fe ) puzz t
. .

p o r t i t ( l e ft ; l a r b oa rd ) puzz t
. .

p or t n ( O p or t o w in e ) p u zz t
. .

p o r t v ( ca r r y or h old a s a r ifl e ) puzz t

.
, .

p o r t a l e d a dj h a v i n g a p ort al [ a l s o s p e lt p or t all e d ] pot e -t ol d

'
. .

p o r t a s n b r e v ia ry ; r ol l [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s por t e ous , por

.

t e s p or t es s p or t h os ]
’
p ozz t a s
-
, , .

p o r t c u l l i s n ( v e r t ic a lly s li din g ga t e gr a t in g ) poz t ks l t s

- -
’
.
.

P o r t o n ( O t t om a n c ou r t ) pu zz t
. .

p o r t e - c o c h é r e n ( c a r r i a g e -
e n t r a n c e
.
) p u zz t -
ko S
'
e zz .

p o r t e - m o n n a i e n (p u r s e ) p
’
o z z t -
ma ne .
-
.

p o r t e n t n ( om e n s ig n t ok e n ) p ozz t e n t p oe t e n t ; ( less pr op
’ ’
.
-
, , ,
'
e r ly )
’
p ozz t e n t p oz t e n t
-
, .

p o r t e r e s s n
’
p o zz -
t a z xs .
( r a p id l y)
'
p o zz -
t grs -
sa m e m e a n m g
, .

as po r t r ess .

j 9 eu r o ; b t h e 0t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 oy ; Ss hoe , t sch ew ;
'

ye , ,

11) w h e n ; 1) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct u fu l ou ool , I i t , xi se c ; . f
0 poe t 1c ; a ov e r, e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : door , s o n o, e b ed s o at e
, g
4
22 DICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S
p o s t i l v . a n n o t a t e [ a l s o s p e l t p a s t e l ; p a s t pa r t rcrp l e a n d p re t

e r1 t p
os t ill e d , pos t il d ]
’
p os t xl .

p os t i l e r it . on e w h o m ak e s a p ost il ; e xposit or [ al s o spe lt

p os t ill e r ] ’
p o s t I -
l oz .

p os t i l i on f ore ru n n e r ; p ost b oy ; rid e r of t h e n e ar l eader

n. -
,

e t c [ a l s o s p e l t p os t ill i on ] po s t xl is n
’
. .

p o s t -ob i t a d
j ( t a k i n g e ff e c t a f t e r t h e d eat h of som e one ;
.

’ ’
a l s o, p os t -
m or t e m ) p oos t oo-
b l t, poost e b xt .

- e e d.
’
os t -p a i j ( poos t pe e d ,
) as su m pt iv ly
’
p d ad . p uost p
’ '
p o s t p on e v ( pu t of f ; a l s o, su b ordin a t e ) p os poon , p os t poon
. .

p o s t s c r i p t n ( p a r a g r a p h a . t e r t h e s ig n a t u r e of a f
let t e r)
’ ’
p o o s -
s k s x t
p , p o o s t - k x
s s pt .

p o s y n b .o u q u e t ; l o w e r [ a l s o , o r m e r l y , f s p e l t pon y, pos it ; f
p l u r a l o s i es p] p
’
o o -
zx .

j ( ) p b ol
'
p o t a b l e a d d r i n k a b.l e o o -
t o -
.

p o t a s s i u m n ( m e t a l ) p s t aesi s m ; ( l ess pr oper ly ) p a t z S am

’ ’
-
. .

] p
'
p o t a t o n t u b e r
. ; b a t a t a , t h e p l a n t [p l u ra l p o t a t oe s a t e e -ta ;
( i m r p p
o e r l y) b a
’
t e e -
t o ; ( d i a l e c t a l ly, v u lg a r l y) p s
'
t e e t , bo
- o

’
t e e -t o .

; p ow e r )
' ’
ot e n t at e ( p r i n ce , r u l e r o t t et , oo-t on-t e t .
- u-
p n .
p o p
p ot en tialit y n .
( q u a li t y of h a v in g p ow er ; p oss ib ili ty of ac
t io n ) p o t e n S i a l ti
’
- -
.

’
p o t h e r v ( f lu s t e r ; t r oub l e ) p oboz , p A b oz
'
. .

’
( m d
’
p o t p o u r r i n s t e w ; e l
. e y) p p o -
u z x i p o t p u z-t t
, .

p o t s h e r d n ( f r a g m e .n t o f e a r t h e n w a r e ) p S , p S
'
o t o z d
'
e t - se d .

p ou l d r o n n s h o u l d e r -
.
p l a t e [ syn on y m ou s cogn at e poul d ron ]
’
pool d ra n
—
.

p ou l t i c e v a pp ly a p ou l t ice or cat a pl as m t o [ a l so spe l t poul

.

t is ; p a s t p a r t i c i pl e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p ou l t ic e d , pou l t is t ] pool -t t s
'
.

p ou r v c a u s e t o f l ow [ p a s t pa r t rc rpl e a n d p re t e r 1 t pour e d,
.

pou r d ] p oze ( w h e n u n s t re s t ) poz , .

'
p o u r b o i r e n ( d r i n k m o n e y,
. d o u c e u r , t ip, f e e-
) p u :z -
hw e :e .
p u zz b w o zz
' ’
p u zz b w c zr
- -
.
,

m m
’
p o u t e r v p o k e s
. t i r r u a g e [ a l,s o s p e l t p e w
, t e r ] p o o -
t se .

) p
’ '
p o w e r n p ou .s e p o uz ; ( a l s o ,
-
i n B r i t a, i n o u -
s e , p e oz .

p o w w o w n p r i e s t m. e d i c i n -
m a n ; m e e t in g ; m e dici n [ als o
,

s p e l t pow w ow ; s y n on y m ou s c og n a t e p a w a w ]
'
-w o
p a u u
-
.

p o w w o w v ( p r a ct i s s or ce ry ; h ol d a pow w ow ; d is cuss ) pa u
'
.

’
w oo, p ou w ou .

p oz z ol a n a n. v ol ca n ic a sh [ sy n on y m ou s cogn at e s par a noia

] p
'
n a, pu s s ol a n o pu s s u ola n a , , p u os z o l a n a o t s o l o z-n o .

p r a c t i c a b l e a d j ( f e a s ib l e ;
’
u s a b le ) ps ze k t rk u b ol
-
. .

p r a c t i c a l a d j ( of p r a ct is or . a c t i on ; u se fu l ) '
p s a
e k t r-
kal .

j c cu r e ; b t h e
ye , 9 t hin 5 az u r e , ( 13 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc b " ; .

t o w h e n ; 1) s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool , I it , 1 1 s e c ; f f o

0 p oe t1 c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a : d oor s o n o, e b e d , s o gat e ; .
 DI CTI ONAR Y O F HARD WORD S 4
23

p r a ct i c a l l y a d v p s a e k t x k a h , ( o . t e
'
n ) p s z k t k o -
l t ; ( a n t e r ior
-
f '

l y ) ps ae k t I k s h , ps ae k t l k u
’ ’
-
.

f
p r a c t i c e n p e r or m a n ce , con d u ct ; m od e of a ct in g ; e xe rcis e ,
.

e tc . [ a l s o s p e lt r a c t is e , pr a c t is ] ps ae k t t s p
’
.

p r a c t i s e v p e r f or m , d o, e x e r cis e , e t c [ a l s o s p e lt
. r a c t ice, . p
pr a c t is ; p as t p ort 1 c xp 1e a n d pre t e r 1 t r a c t is e d, pr act is t ] p
p s azk t xs
’
.

p r a c t i s e d a dj s kild , e xp e r t [ a l s o s p e lt . r a c t ic e d, pr a c t is t ] p
p s ae k t l s t
’
.

p r a c t i s e r n [ a l s o sp e lt . r a c t ic e r ]
’
ps aekt x sa z p -
.

p r a e c i p e n w r i t ; n o t e. [ a l s o s p e l t r e c i e ] p
’
s xi -
x
s p x,
-
'
ps xi p p
S p i ; p s e s x p l , ps e s x p i
’ ’
- -
I -
.

p r a e m u m i r e n w r it [ a l s o, or m e rl y , sp e l t pr e m u m ir e ] ps i
. f
mj o e m i m j m zi
’ ’
n e x , p s-
u o i -
.

l i )
’
p r a i r i e n ( g r a ss y.
p a n ; s a v a n n a ; s t e p p e p s e z-
z x; ( d i a l ec
’
ta y) p
l l s e e -
ex .

p r a l i n e n c o n e c t i.o n [ a l s o s fp e l t p r a l e e n ; s y n o n y m ou s cog

n ate p
r a w l in ]
’
p s a z l in
-
.

pram n f
l a t b ot t om d b oa t [ a ls o s p e l t
.
-
raa m , pr a h m e ] p s o zm p .

p r a n c e v ( s p r in g a n d b ou n d ) p s a zn s , ps ozn s , ps ze zn s ; ( a ls o)
.

p s a zn t s , e tc .

p rat iqu e n l ic e n s e of a s h ip t o h ol d in t e rc ou rs e w i t h
. a p ort
[ a l s o s p e lt r a t ic ]
’
p
ps ae t xk
’

p s w t i k , p s o t t ik
’
,
-
.

p ray v . su pp l ica t e ; b e g [ p as t p a r t rcrp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p r ay e d ,

pr ay d ] p s e e .

p ra yer ( n. ) s u p p l ica t ion

; ps e zz ( l es s p r op e rly ) ’
p s e c -
sz .

( h y ) p
’

p r a y e r n o n eO
w o
.
p r a s s e e -
se .

p r e a l l a b l e a d j ( r a r e ) p r e ce d i n g, p r e v i ou s , p r e l im i n a ry
. [ al s o
s p e l t pr a e a ll a b l e ] ps i a e l o- b ol
’
.

p r e a m b l e n ( p r e a c e , p r o l o g ) .
’
p s ri-
a
e m b ol , f
p s i
’
e m b ol
a .

p r eb en d n ( p or t i on of r e v e n u e gr a n t e d t o a ca n on , e t c ;
. .

p r e b e n d a r y ) ps s b e n d
’
p s e b an d
’
-
.
,

d j ( dl
’ '
p r e b e n a l a d o f a p r e b e n d ) p s. x b e n d l p s e b o n -
, .

l d f
' ’

p r e b e n d a r y n ( h o e r o a p r e b. e n d ) p s r b e n d a z r , ps e b s n
-

de e r .

j i y [ i ] p k
’
p r e c a t i v e a d s u pp l ca t o r a l s.o s p e l t p r e c a t v s e o -
t xv .

i id
’
p r e c e d e v ( g o b e f o r e ; . o c cu r e a r l e r t h a n ) p s i s r .

d i i m i i i d m
’

p r e c e e n c e n ( p r o r t y ; p r e e . n e n c e ) p s s x -
n s ; i
( pr op
dns
’
l
er y) p e
s s x-
.

p r e c e d e n c y n ( p r e c e d e n c e ) p s i s
. x i -
d a -
s x ; ( i m p r op er ly ) ps e s r
’ ’

da sr -
.

j d i
’
p r e c e d e n t a d ( p r e c e d i n g ; a n t e c e
. e n t ) p s i s r -
d n t .

p r e c e d e n t n (p r e v i o u s a c t i o n . e x a m p l e o r u s a g ) ps e s r du t
e
'
-
, , .

c: law ,fur a: , tr ca t , o h ot ,
b oy ; a : f a r , s o n ow , u : a s k , a t k it e ;
or
le n gt h m a r k -
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d 1 8 l on g ;

s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy ll a b l e .
24
4 DICTION ARY O F H ARD W O RD S

d
'
p r e ce d e n t e d a d j ( h a v i n g a p r ec e e n.t ) p s e s r -d e n t x d .

p r e c e d e n t l y a d v (’ p r e v i o us l y, b e o r e h. a n d ) p s i
’
sr i -d a - u
t f .

m i s id m
'
p r e c e d i n g a d j p s i s xi -
d e , ( as
. su p t iv l y) p s x -
.

p r e c e n t o r n l e a d e r o .f s i n i
g g;n c h o i r -l e ad e r
[ als o, f or me rly,
s p e l t pr ece n t e r ] ps i s e n t oz
’
.

p r e c e p t o r y n ( s u b o r d i n a t e com mu n it y of t h e Kn ig h ts T em
.

p l a r s , e t c ) p s r
’
.s e p t o -
e x ; ( l es s r o er ly) p
'
s xi -
s e p -toe r p p
; ( im
p p
r o e r ly )
’
p s e s a p t oz r
-
.

p r e c i n c t n ( s pa c e i n or r ou n d a b uil ding ; envi r ons ; b ou nd ;

.

com p a s s , l i m i t ) i s mk t
’
p s x -
.

p r e c i o u s a d j ( o f g r e a t. p r ic e ; c o s t l y; d ea r ; f as t idi o u s ; srh

) ps e S
’
ra n t os .

p r e ci p i ce n [ . cl i pff p ] p
is a l s o s pe l t
s e s r -
pxs r e ci
’
.

’
p r é c i s n ( s u. m m a r y, a b s t r ac t ) p s e s ri ,
'
p se c -s x .

p r e c i s e a d j ( e x ac t
.
) p s x
’
se 1 s ; ( i m p r op er ly ) ps xsa u '
.

; ( i mpr oper ly) ps xsu z

’ ’
p r e c i s e l y a d v p s r s o x s -
h ,.
p s r s a r-
s u
'

h .

p r e c o c i a l a d j o f t h e P .r a e c o c e s [ a l s o spe lt prae coci a l ]

psi
a l , p s r koo S
'
koo- S
’
ol -
.

p r e c o c i o u s a d j ( r ip e n i n g e a r ly ; . forw ard , prem atur e ) par

'
koo S os
-
.

i k
’
p r e c o c i t y n (q u a l i t .
y o f b e i n g p r e c o c o us ) p s r o s r t
- r
.

p r e c u n e u s n t h e q u a d. r a t e l o b u l e of t h e b ra i n , si t ua t ed in
f r on t of t h e cu n e a t e l ob u le [ a ls o s pe lt pr aecnn m ; p lural
p r e cu n e i] ps i k cuu - n i- as
’
.

p r e c u r s o r n ( f o r e r u n
. n e r ) p s i l
’ -
o z sa z , p s i
’
k s zz - a
s e .

d
’
p r e d a t o r y a d j (p l u n e r i n g;
. o f p y)
r e p s e d o —t os r
, ( als o)
'
p s e d o t o e x , (
-
a s s u m p t iv ly)
'
p s e d a -
t ae r ; ( r a p i d l y) p
'
s o d a -
t gx .

p r e d e c e s s o r n ( o n e w h o h a s p r e ce d e d i n a p ositi on ; a n ces
.

t or ) p s e d i s e s az ps i d x s e s ae , ( s om e t im e s ) ps e d r-s e sae
’ ’ ’
, .

p r e d e s t i n e v d e s t i n b.e f o re h a n d [ a l s o s p e lt pr e d es t i n ;
past
p a r t xc xp l e a n d p r e t e r 1 t p r e d es t in e d , pr e d es t in d ] ps i de s t rn
’
.

d t m i f i x d i d e , or d e t e r m i n b e f or e h a n d [ a lso
p r e e e r n e v , e c .

s pe l t pr e d e t e r m in ; p as t p a rt i c i pl e a n d p r e t e rrt pr e d e t er
i -m
m in e d , p e d e m ] p d m
’
r t c r i n d s r -
x t s zz .

p r e d i a l a d j o f l a. n d ; r e a l [ a l s o s p e l t p r a e d ia l ]
’
p s ri- d i -al .

p r e d i c a b l e a d j ( p c a a b l e o f b. e i n g p r e d i c a t e d ) p
’
s e d rlc s -b
sl .

p r e d i c a m e n t n ( t h a t w h i c h i.s p r e di c a t e d ; fi x ) ps r d rka
'

me n t .

j p re d ict in g [ al s o sp e l t
'
p r e d i ca tive ad .
pr e d ica ti v ] ps e d r
ke t l v .

( p r e f e r e n ce ) ps id x l e k S
'
p r e d i l e c t i on n. sn ; ( le ss proper ly)
d k S
’

p s e x l e a n .

j ye , e cu re ; b the , 0t h i n 3 a z u re , ( 13 j oy ; S s h oe , t S he w ;
c
w wh e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , on ool , rf f i t , 1 1 see ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , se g at e ;
4
26 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S
p a st pa r t rc rp l e an d pr ej u dis t ] ps e dss
p re t e r1 t p r ej u diced ,
'

d i s ps e d 3 u d i s ; ( l e ss pr op er ly ) pse dsj u-d xs , ps e dsj u-d a xs

' ’ '
-
, .

p r e j u d i ci a l ad j ( cau si ng p re j u dice ; da m agi ng ) ps edsu

.

dIS
'
al .

p r o j
- u d i ci a l a d
j ( pr e v iou s t o a t rial ; b e f ore j u dgm en t ) puri
.

d su d al
'
.

p r e l a c y n off ice of a p re l a t e ; b od y of p re lat e s ; ran k or

.

r u le of p r e l a t e s [ p l u r a l p r e l a ci e s ]
'
p s e l o -s r .

p r e l a t e n ( e ccl e s ia s t ic a l d ig n it a ry ; b ish op , archd eacon , et c )

. .

ps e l i t ; ( i mp r op e r ly ) p s ri l e t
' ’
-
.

p r e l a t i c a d j ( of a p r e l a t e ) ps xl ae t xk
'
. .

p r e l a t i z e v [ a l s o s p e l
. t p r e l a t i s e ] p
’
s e l o -t
s rz .

p r e l u d e n ( p r e l imin a ry p e r f or m a n ce , e t c ; intr oducti on .

. .

p r e f a ce ) ps xi liu d ps s l iu d
’ ’
- -
.
,

p r e l u d e v ( pr e ce d e a s a pre l u d e ; i n t rod u ce ) ps i l iuu d , ( a l s o

’
.
,

e s p e ci a l ly i n m u s ic ) ps s liu d
'
-
.

p r e l u d i z e v [ a l s o s p e l t .p r e l u d i s e ] p
’
s e l i u -
d ot z .

p r e l u s i v e a dj s e rv i n g as a p r e lu d e [ a l so sp e lt pr elus iv ] par
.

l iuu -s xv
’
.

l j (p l i ) p i
'
p r e u s o r y a d r e u s v s r l .u u s s -z x -
.

m ( t oo e ar ly ; ov e r h a st y) ps imo t coze , ( as
'
p r e a t u r e a dj .
-

s u m pt iv ly )
’
p s ri m u t c uz ; ( a l s o l es
-
s p r o p e r l
-
y)
’
p s e m a-t uz
c , ,

ps im o t S
’
u zz .

m a t r i t n i m o t - x t x m s
’
t -
x-t r
'

p r e u y p s c u z e p s e c u z e -
. , .

p r e m a x i l l a r y a d j i n f r o n t o f t h e m a x .i l la or upper j aw [ al so
s p e l t pr a e m a r il l a r y ] p s i m azk s x l e z r m ’ ’

p s i e k s l l o - t
c -
,
-
.

p r e m i e r a d j ( c h i e f l e a d i.n g f o r e m o s t ; e a r
, l i e s t ) p
’
s ri -mi - e
, a .

s ri m j az ps e m j az ; ( i m p r op er ly) ps r m xze
’ '
ps e m i ae
' -
- - -
, , .

p r e m i e r e a d j ( f i r s t ; c h i e f : . s a id o f w o m e n ) ps s m j e ze
’
ps s ,

m j e zz
’
.

p r o m i s e n m l a w . a n d m g e n e r a l t h in g pr e v iously m e n t i on d ; ,

a f or e s a id f or e goin g : p r e li m in a r y ; su b j e ct of conv e yance or

,

b e q u e s t ; h ou s e w it h it s g r ou n d s e t c [ al so s pe lt pr e mis ; , .

pl u ra l p r e m is e s ] ps e m rs
’
.

p r e m i s e v s t a t e b .e f o r e s o m e t h i n g e l s e : p r of it : st at e in t h e

p r e m is s e s ; p e r f or m or a d m i n ist e r b e f or e h a n d ; i n t rod u ce [ al
s o f or m e r l y s p e l t p r e m is e ] ps r m a rz
'
.
, ,

p r e m i s s n m l o g ic
.
p r e v i o u s s t a t e m e n t o
, r p r o p o s i t ion f rom
w h ich a n ot h e r i s i n f e r re d ; on e of t h e t w o p r op os iti on s f r om

w h i c h t h e c on cl u s ion is d e r iv e d i n a s y ll ogi s m [ a l s o spe lt

p r e m is e p r e m is ; p l u r al pr e m iss es ] ps e m xs
,
’
.

p r e m i u m n r e w a r d p r i z e [ p lu r a l p r e m iu m s a n d f orm e rly
. , , ,

pr e m ia ] ps ri m j a m ps xi m i s m
’ '
- - -
.
,

j ye c cu r e : a t h e
. 0t h i n 3 a z u r e d 3 j oy : Ss hoe , t Sch ew ; . .

111 w h e n ; n s 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u l l on ool , I i t , xi se e ; , f , f
u p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e r1 a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , os gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 4
27

p r e n om e n n. f ir s t n am e ; pe r s on a l name ; f ore n a m e ; ge n e r
i c n a m e [ a ls o s p e t l r a e n o m e n ] p s i n u o -m
an p ’
.

p r e n t i c e n , v [ a l s o . s p e l t r e
. n t is ; a s v e r b , p a s t p a r t r c prp l e

an d pret e r1t r e n t ic e d , pr e n t is t ] p ’
ps e n t l s .

p r e p a i d a d j (p a id i n a d
. v a n ce ) p s x i
’
p e e d , ( as s u m p t i v l y )
’
p s r i
pe ed .

]
’

p r e p a r a t i v e a d j [ a l s o s p e l t p pr e a r a.t i v p s r p w z s -t x v .

’ ’
preparat o r n ( p pa
re r e r ) p p s r . ae e a t a z , p p e e s -z e t s z -
.

p r e p a r e d a d j ( m a d e r e a d y) p. s x
’
p e z z d , ( a l s o ,
i n o e t r y ) p 3 1 p
’
p e z z xd
-
.

p r e p a r e d l y a d v ( i n a r
p p e a re d m . a n n e r ; i n a s t a t e o f r e a d i
n e s s ) ps r p e z z r d l x
’
- -
.

d
'
d
'
p r e p a r e d n e s s n ( r e a di n e s s ) p s x p e . zz n r s , p s x p e z -
z x - n x s -
.

p r e p o s i t o r n s e n i o r s c h o o l b.o y i n c h a r g e o f o t h e r s c h o o lb o y s

ou t s id e t h e cla ss r oom [ a l s o s p e l t r a e os i t or ; s y n on y m ou s p p
co g n a t e s r e os t or p p r a e os t or r e os t er ] ps i p o ,
p’
z x -
p
t az . p p .

p r e p o s t e r o u s a d j ( i n v e r t e d i n p o s it i o n
. ; i r r a t i o n a l ; a b s u r d )
’
ps x p os t o-
z os .

p r e p o s t or n .
ps x p ost oz
’
. sa m e m e an 1n g as p r ep os it or .

( f or e s kin )
’
p r e p u ce n .
p s ri-
p cu s .

S
'
p r epu t ial ad j .
( of t h e p r e p u ce ) p s x pcu u -
sl .

p rereq u i si t e n . t h at w hi ch is r e q u ire d b e f or e h a n d [ al s o
’
s p e lt p r e r e q u is i t ] p s i z e k w r-
z xt .

p r esa ge n. ( om e n , s ig n , p or t e n t , p r og n os t ica t i on ; f ore b od ing)

’
ps xi -
se d 3 ,
’
ps e s xd 3 ; m e r ly ) p s x s e e d s ( a ls o , fo r
’
.

p r e s a g e v ( p o rt e n d a u g e r ; p r e d ict e t c ) ps r s e e d 3
’ °

. .
.
,

d
’
p r e s a g e f u l a d j p s i s e e d 3 f a l p s e. s r 3 fs l
- -
, .

'
p r e s a g e r n ps r s e e d 3 oz
-
. .

p r e s b y po i a n (p re s b y o y
p ) p s e z
. b i
’
o o p i s p s e s b i
’
o o -
i
p o
- - -
, .

t oz ; ( l ess
’ ’
p r e s b y t e r n ( c h u r c h e l d e r
.
) p s s s -
t az , p s e s b r -

p r op e r ly ) ps e sp I t az
’
-
.

p r e s b y t e r i a n a d j ( o f p r e s b y t e rs e t c ) p s. e s
'
t x z-z i - s n
, ps s s , .

b i t rz z i an ; ( l ess p r op e r ly ) ps e s p t t xz- z i-a n

’ ’
- -
.

p r e s c i e n c e n ( f o r e k n o w l e d g )e
.
’
p s r i -
S a n s ,
'
p s r i-
i
S s n s ; ( l ess
-

p r op e r ly ) ps e Son s ps e Si s n s
’ ’
,
-
.

p r e s ci e n t a d j
( f or e k n ow in g ) p s ri S an t p s xi Si s n t
’ '
- - —
. .
,

( d fi i gn a t e ; a d v i s e ) ps r s ks oxb
’
p r e s c r i b e v e n e ; d e.s .

p r e s c r i p t n ( r u l e ; p r e sc r i p t i on )
’
ps xi sk s xpt ; ( a ls o or m er -
,
f
ly ) ps r s ks rp t
’
.

i j ( i b e d ; f ix t ) ps r s ks rp t
’
d ps ri s k s rpt
'
p r e s c r p t a p r e s c r .
,
-
.

i i ( d ir e ct ion ; p h y s ici a n s f or m u la ) ps r sks rp

'
t
’

p r e s c r p on n .
~

Sa n .

( t h in g pr e se n t e d ; gi ft )
’ ’
p r e sen t n .
ps e z a n t , ps e z n t .

c: la w fa r
, a: ,
as c a t , o b oy ; a : f a r 00 n ow u : a sk
h ot , or , , , 8 ! k it e
l e n gt h m a r k -
I n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d rs l on g
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d i ca t e s c h 1e f s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g s y l la b l e .
 4
28 D I CT I O N ARY O F H ARD W O R DS
'

p r e s e nt v .
pe r z e nt .

p r e s e n t ( t hing pre se n t ; a ffairs in h and ; w ords pre sent ;

n .

p r e s e n t t i m e ) ps e z a n t
' ’
pse z n t , .

j ( i h i g n ow ) pse z ont
' ’
p r e s e n t a d t h a t s e.r e ; o c cu rr n ps e z n t , .

p r e s e n t a t i o n n ( a c t o f p re s e n t
. i n g ; gi f t ; sh ow ; st at e me nt ;
on ps e z an t e e -S
’ ' '
cogn it i on ) ps iz e n t e e -S on pse z n t e e -S an
, , .

j [ ] p
’
p r e s e n t a t i v e a d a l s o s p e l t p r es e n.t a t iv s x z e n t a-t rv

p r e s e n t e e n ( p e r s o n p r e se
. n t e d ; p e r s on n om i n a t e d ; re ci pi e nt )
’
ps e z on t ri , ps e z n t xi , p s iz e n t t i
’ ’
.

h [ al so r a r e ly , t he se n se of
'

p r e s e n t e r n o n e w o p r e se n ts
.
, tn

ho p re se n t s t o a b e n e fice , sp e lt pr es en t er ] ps xz e n t ae ’
on e w .

p r e s e n t i m e n t n ( p e rce p t ion of a fu t ure ev e n t ; f ore b od i ng)

.

m -m s n
’ ’
p s r z e n t x -
a n t , p s r se n t r t .

p r e s e n t m e n t n ( p re s e n t at i on ; appe ar an ce ) ps x z e n t u s n t
'
. .

p r e s e r v e v k e e p sa f e or a liv e ; p u t u p , ca n , a s f ru it [ also
.

s p e l t p r e s e rv ; p a s t p a rt rc rpl e a n d pr e t e r rt pr eserv e d, pr e
s e r v d ] p s x z s ze v
’
.

d d
' ’
d
'

p r e s i d e n c y n p s e z .x n - r
s , p s e z x o n -s r
, p s e s x a n -sr
.

p r e s i d e n t n (p r e s i
. d i n g o ff i c e r ; g o v e r n o r ) p
'
e e s t -d nt
,
'
ps e s x
’
d on t ps e s r d on t
,
—
.

d
’
d '
j (p i i g) p -de nt
’
p r e s i d e n t a d r e s . d n s e z r - u t , p s e z x - s n t p s e sr , .

p r e s i d i o n ( f o. r t ; p e n i t e n t i a r y) p s x
'
s xd i -o
, p s e
’
s x i -
di -o .

p r e s s e d a d j [ a l s o. s p e l t p r es t ] p s e st .

d
'
p r e s t i d i g i t a t o r n ( j gg ) p
u l e r . s e s t x x d 3 1 -t e t oe .

p r e s t i g e n ( i l l.u s i o n ; g l a m o r ; i n f l u e n c e , r e pu t a t ion ) ps e st rds,

'

i ps e s t i d 3
’ ’
i
p s e s t 1 3 ps e s t xi d 3
’ ’
ps s s t 3
- -
.
, , ,

p r e s u m e v ( t a k . e u p o n o n e
’
s s e l f ; p re s u pp ose ) ps r z j uu m
'
.

m m i a mp S
’
p r e s u p t i o n n ( a r r o g
. a n c e ; ass u p t o n ) p s r z on .

p r e s u m p t i v e a d j p r e s u m p .t u o u s ; w a r r a n t in g in f e re nce s ;
m ] m
’
p r e s u m e d , i n f e r d [ a l s o s p e l t p r e s u p t iv p s r z a pt rv , ps i
z m n t xv
'
.

m m i g) p m
’
p r e s u p t u o u s a d j ( a rr o g a n t ,
.
p r e s u n s r z a p S
t u -as
,

p s x z
’
A m p t c u -
o s ; ( i m p r o p er l y ) p s x
’
z a m p S o s p e i
’
t a i s , .

p r e t e n d a n t n a d j [ a l s o s p e l.t p r e t e n d a n t ] p s r
’
t e n d a n t .

p r e t e n s e d a d j a ll e g e d
. p r e t e n d e d [
,
a l s o s p e l t p re t e n s e d, pr e

t e n s t ] ps r t e n s t
’ ’
ps x t e n t s t .

p r et en se n. cl a 1m p re t e x t ; [ a l s o s p e l
d i s pl a y ;
t pr e s ha m ;
t e n c e ] ps x t e s , ps t e t s ; ( l e ss
’
n r
’
n r o er l y) p
'
s x i -
t e ns p p .

t e n i o n t x t t n se ; d e m a n d ; t i t l e ; cl a i m ; p re
p r e s n p r e e , p r e e .

t e n t iou s n e s s [ a l s o, or m e rl y , b u t ra re ly n ow , s p e l t f r e t en p
t ion ] ps x t e n S
'
an .

( f u ll i sh ow y ) ps x t e n S
'

p r et e n t i ou s ad j . of p r e t e n s on ; os , ps i
tentS
’
as .

j c
ye ,cu r e ; it t h e , 0 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t s h e w ; c
w w h e n ; n s in g ; i t w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , 0 u ll , on ool 1 it 1 1 se e ; f f , .

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e ;
 4
30 DICT I O N ARY OF H ARD WORD S

p rim a d o n n a n ( f i r s t l a d . y ; p r i n c ip l e f e m a l e s i n g e r ) p r i m a
m s d on o
' ’
d o n o , p s a r —
.

p ri m a f a c i e a d v ( t
a f i r s t . s ig ) p
h t z o x -m a
’
f o o - i-i :
S ’
p ri m a y a j
r d ( e a r l i.e s t ; c h i e f ) p
'
s a r -m e z x
, ( a l s o ) p sa r-m -
a er,

( a s s u m p t i v ly)
'
p s s x -m oz r
; ( r a p i d l y )
'
p s s r -
m z r .

p r i m a t e n ( c h .i e f ; a rc h b i s h o p ; a m a m m a l o f t h e o rd er P ri
m at e s ) ps a 1 m 1 t , ps a I m e t
' ’
- -
.

P ri m a t e s n p ( g
l hi. h e s t. m a m m a l s ) p s a r
’
m e e -t i z
.

p r i m e r it ( f i rst or e l e m e n t a ry b ook ) ps xmse , ( al s o, in

’
.

B r i t a in ) p s e I - m s z
’
.

m m -m az
’
p r i e r n (p . r i m i n g
-
d e v i c e ; o n e w h o p r i e s ) p s o r .

p r i m e r a d j ( I n.
*
p r i m er f i n e , e t c , f i rs t ) p
’
s x m a s
’
.
p ss r -m ae
, .

p r i m e v a l a d j p r i m i t i
. v [ a l s o s p e l t p r i m a ev a l ] p s s r
'
m r i -vul .

p r i m i g e n a l a d j ( o f p r i mi. t i v l i f e ) p s a x
’
m 1 d 3 x -u i
.

p r i m i g e n i a l a d j ea r l i e s t f
. o r m d ; p r i m it i v [ e rr on e ou s syn
on y m ou s cogn at e s p r imog e n i al, pri mog en e al ] pe e r-mi dni
n i ol -
.

p r i m i t i v e a d j [ a l s o s p
. e l t p r i m i t i v ] p
'
s x m x t v
- x
.

p r i m o g e n i t u r e n ( f a c t o f b . e i n g t h e f i r s t -
b orn ch il d ; right
of s u cce ss ion or in h e r i t a n ce ) ps e x- m a d 3 ou x-t S
’
oe .

p r i n c e p s n c h i e f
. [p l u r a l p r i n c i p e s ] p
’
s x n -
s e ps .

p r i n c e s s n ( f e m. a l e r u l e r ; w i f e o f a p r i n ce , e t c )
'
ps xns i s, .

ps xn t s xs ; ps w s e s ; ( imp r op e r ly ) p s m se s
’ ’ ’
-
.

p r i n c e s s e a d j ( c o n t i n .u o u s w i t h ou t d rap e ry an d fitt ing

, ,

cl os e ly : sa id o f a g ow n ) ps m s e s , ps m s xs
’ '
.

p r i n c i p a l a d j ( f i r s t ;. f o r e m o s t ; m a i n ; p r i m a ry ; origina l )
ps m s x p a l ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) p s m s rp ol
’ ’
-
.
,

p r i n c i p a l n ( h e ad m a n or w om a n ; chi e f ; su m le nt ; ca pita l )
.

m s r p ol
’
ps
—
.

p r i n ci p a l l y a dv . ( ch ie fl y , m a i n ly )
’
ps rn s r- u
p , ( al s o)
’
ps m s rp a h , ( a n t e r ior ly ) p oh
’
-
p s xn s x-
.

p i n ci p l e n
r .
( or ig in , s ou r ce , cau se , t e n d e n cy ; p r im a ry t ru t h ,
a s su m pt ion ge n e ral law m od e )
’
t e n e t or ; ,
ru l e , or p s rn s r- sl
p ,
’
p s m s x-
pi .

p i o r n ( su p e r o off ce ) ps a az
'
r . i r i r i-
.

p r i o r a d j (p r e c
. e d in g, e a r l i e r , f o r m e r ) p
'
s a i-
se .

y) p
’
p r i sa g e n (p r i z.i n g r a t i n g; l e v s a r-z
,
xd3 .

p r i s e n ob s ol e t e ( s e iz u r e ) ps a xz , ps xiz
. .

p r i s m n ( s olid w h ose e n d s a r e e q u a l pa r al le l pl an e pol ygon s)

.

’
p s rz a m , ps xz m
’
.

’ '
p r i s o n n ( j a il.
) p s r z o n , p s r z n .

p r i s t i n e a d j o r i g i n a l , .
p r imi t iv [ a l s o s o m e t i m e s , s p e l t pr is ,

ti ] p
n
’
s rs t m ; ( l es s p r o p e r l y) p
’
s x s t a m
'
p s x-
st i n -
, .

l ye , a t h
c cu r e e , 0t h i n i 3 a z
; u re ( 13 j oy : 5 s h oe , t SC he w ; ,

t o w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l on ool , I i t , i i an ;
.

f , f
o p oe t ic ; a ov er, e a e r1 a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e g at e ;
 D ICTION ARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
3]

p ri t h ee i n t e r j I p r a y t h e e [ a l s o , . o r m e r ly , sp e lt ry t h e e ] f p
’
p S I O I , ps i
’ ' ’
; ps xb l , ps rb i .

p r i v a c y n s e c l u s i on. [p l u r a l r iv ac i e s ] p
’
s a r—
v a -
s r ,
’
p s rv a -s r p .

p r i v a t -d o c e n t n p r i v a t e t e a ch e r or l e ct u re r .
[ a ls o, s om e
t i m e s , s pe l t r iv a t - d oz e n t ] p s x
’
v o zt p
-do-
t s e n t , p s r
’
v o zt -d oo

se nt .

j
’
p r i v a t e ad .
, n .
, v .
ps a r-
v rt .

a r m d v e ss e l
’
p ri v a t e er n .
( p r iv a t e p ) s a r-v a t rzz .

p ri v a t i v e ad j . d e p r i v in g [ a l s o s p e lt p r iva t iv ] ’
ps rv a-
t rv .

p ri v et
’
( s h ru b ) ps rv xt
n . .

p r i v i l e g e n ( s p e c ia l a d v a n t a ge ; p r e r oga t iv ) ps rv r i rd3
’
-
. .

p r i v i l y a d v ( i n a p r i v y m a n n e r ; s e c r e t ly ) ps rv r l t
’
-
. .

p r i v i t y n ( f a ct o f. b e i n g p r iv y t o s om e t hin g ; p r iv a t e k n ow
l e dg e ) p s rv x t t
’
-
.

p r i z a b l e a d j v a l u a b l e [ a ls o s p
. e l t p r ie e a b l e ] p
’
s s r-z a b ol -
.

p r i s e n ( r e w a r d ; t r op h y ) ps a rz
. .

p r i z e v f or c e w i t h a l e v e r ; pry op e n [ a l s o s p e lt p r is e ] p e e t z
. .

p r i z e n pr i z i n g t ool ; le v e r a ge [ a l s o spe lt p r is e ] p s e xz
-
. .

p r i s e v ( v a l u e h ig hly ) ps a rz
. .

b b d (p i m k ( r ap i d ly )
’
p r o a l y a v l a u s b ly; o s t li e l.
y) p s o b s -b l r
,
’
ps obl t .

p r ob at i v e a dj s e rv in g t o t e st or p r ov e ; . e v id e nt i al [ al s o
s p e l t pr ob a t iv ]
’
p s o o -
b s -
t rv .

b j (p i ) p
’
p r o a t o r y a d r o b a t v s oo-
b o t oz r
.
-
.

b i ( i i i i y) p b
’
’
p r o t y n n t e g r. t y; s n c e r t s oo I -
t r , ps o b r -
tt -
.

p r o b o s c i d e a n a dj of t h e Pr ob osc id e a ; h a v i n g a p r ob osc1s .

o f o r l ik e a p r ob os c i s [ a ls o s p e l t r ob os c i d ia n ] ps ob s s xd i -on
'
p .

p ob
r o s c i s n t r u n k ; s u c k i.n g m ou t h [ pl u ra l
-
r ob os ci d es , pr o p
b os c is es ] ps o b os xs
’
.

p r oc e d u r e n ( fact or m od e of pr oce e d in g ; con du ct ; l e gal

.

a c t i on ) ps o s ri d 3 s z p s o s r i d j az
’ ’
- -
.
,

p r o c e e d v g o or w a r d [ a l s o s p e l t
. f
r oce d e ] ps o s rid
’
p .

p r o c e e d n t h a t w hich p r oce e d s or r e su l t s ; p r od u c e ; ou t
.

c om e ; p r of it [ u su a lly m p l u r a l ; a l s o sp e l t r oc e d e ] p s oo- s id ,
'
p
( r a r e ly ) ps o s rid
’
.

( f a ct of goi n g
’
p r oc e s s n . on ; p r ogr e ss ; cou r s e ) ps os rs ,
’ '
ps s s e s
-
, p s oo-
s e s.

p r o c os b al [ pl ural pr oces v e r b au x ]
'
v er n .
ps s -
se -v
ez b a l , ps a
’
se-v e z b o zl .

'
p r o c on ( gov e r n or of a R om a n p r ovi n ce ) ps o k on ss l
su l n . .

p r o c u r a t o r n ( a g e n t a t t or n e y ) ps okcu z e t s z
’
-
.
, .

p r o c u r e r n ( p i m p ; p a n d e r ) ps a k cu z z az
’
-
. .

p r o c u r e s s n ( b a w d ) p s a k cu r z r s ; ( i m.p r op e r l y ) p s ok cu z rs
’
-
'
-
.

or l a w ,
fur a: . :e c a t . o b oy ; a : f a r ( 10 n ow u: a s k
h ot , or , , , at kit e
l e n gt h - m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d 18 l on g ,
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1 e f
s t r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g sy ll a b l e .
4
32 DI C TION AR Y O F H ARD WOR DS

p r o cu r e u r n ( pr ocu rat or ) ps ok cu e s ze
’
. .

p r o d i g i ou s a dj ( like a p rod igy ; m ons t rous) p so d xdp s

'
. .

p r o d i gy n om e n ; m a
. rv e l [p l u r al r od igi es ] p
'
s od r-
dsr p .

p r od r om a n p rod r om e ; p rod r omu s [ plural pr odr oma t a]

.

d -m s
’
ps o t o .

p r o d r om c n ( int rodu ct ory t r e ati se ; pr od romus ; prod r om al

.

or p r e m on i t ory sy mp t om ) p s od t s m , psoo-d rom

’ '
.

d j dj
'
d d us ; ( dial ec tal
'
p r o d u c e n (p r oce e .s , y
i e l ) p s oo- us , ps e -

p p
ly or i m r o er ly ) ps o d u s, psu o d su s, ps o-dsu s
'
-
’
-
'
.

p r od u ce v .
( b r i ng f orw ard ; e xt e n d ; b ring fort h ; yi eld ) p sa
'
di on s ; ( dia l ect ally ) ps a d uu s ; ( vu lgar ly ) pss dsuus
' ’
.

'
p r o d u c i b l e a dj ( p c a a b l e o f b e in g p
. r o d uc e d ) ps a d j u u -os -b ol .

p r o d u c t n ( q u a nt ity ob t ai n d b y m u ltiplyi ng ; f ruit ; re sul t )

.

’
ps od ok t .

p r o d u c t v ( pr od uce ; e xt e n d ) ps o d Alt t
'
. .

p r o e m n .
p r e f ac e , p r ea m b l e [ a l s o s p e l t p r ooe m ] p
'
s o o-n u
;
( l e ss p r o p e r ly) p
'
s o o -e m .

p r o e m i a l a dj of a p r oe m ; pre f at ory [ al so spe lt pr ooem ial ]

.

i
’
ps o e m a , ps o
i l m i al
’
-
r - -
.

p r o f a n a t i on n ( act ion of prof aning ; desecrat ion ) pr ofa

.

S
’
n e e - on .

p r of e s s e d ad j . t ha t h a s t ak e n t h e v ow s ; all eged [ al s o, som e

pr of es t ] ps o f e st , ( a ls o, in p
t im e s , s p e l t oe tr y) ps o f e s rd
' ’
.

p r of e s s i on a l i s e v [ a ls o sp e l t p rofe ssi on alis e] psa f e j anl

'
.

a rz .

h o pr of e sse s ; t e ach er) pss f e sue , ps o

'
p r o f e s s or n .
( on e w
'
f e ss e.

p r o f e s s or i a l ad j . ( of a f
p r o e ssor ; d ogmatic) psof r suz-s i -s l , ’

-z i -
’
ps of e so ci l , ps o f al
'
z- -a r soz .

p r of i c i e n t a dj ( sk il d ; a d e pt , e xp e rt ) pso f rj an t
’
. .

p r o f i l e n , v . ( o u t l
.i n e ) p
'
s o o -
f o rl ,
'
p s o o -fil
,
’
p s oo -f rl
.

- f -h s -fil rs
’ '
-f -l r t
'
p r o f i l i s t n p s o o
. a r s , p s oo I t , p s o o t .

p r o f i t n v
., ( b e n .e f i t ; g a i n )
’
p s o f x t .

p r o f l i g a c y n ( s t a t e . o f b e in g p r of ligat e ; dissipat ion ; w e st e

fu l n e ss) ps ofm ga-s r
’

p r o f l u e n t a d j ( f l o w i n g . f o rt h ) p
’
s o o -f L u - s n t ,
'
p s of e u -ant .

p r o f u s e a d j ( l a v i s
. h ; e x c e s s i v ) ps o f cuu s
’
.

p r o f u s e v o b .s o l e t e ( p o u r f o rt h ) ps o f cuu z
’
.

( ) p d m
'
p r o g e n i t o r n a n c e s t o
. r s u 3 e -
t oz .

p r o g e n y n ( o ff
. s p r i n g i s s u e ) p
'
s o d 3 nt
1 -
, .

h j ( i g p j i g j ) -O as
’
p r o g n a t o u s a d h a v n r o e .c t n a w s p g
s o n s .

p r o g r a m n n ot ice ; sch e m e [ a l s o s p e lt p r ogr a mm e ] psao

'
.

gz a m
'
g z z
e m ; ( d ia l e c ta l l y v g u l a r l y) p s o o,
-
.

9 d 3 oy ; Ss h oe , t Sche w ;
'

j e
ye ,cu r e : a t h e , t h i n ; 3 a z u re ,

w w h e n ; n s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , u f u l ou f ool , r i t , ri se s ;
.

o p oe t ic ; c ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , uz d oor , s o n o, e b e d , s e g at e ;
4
34 DI CTIO N ARY O F H ARD W O RD S

r om e r op s b ir d [ p l u ra l pr om er ope s ] pse ma-e e p s

'
p n. .

p r om i n e n ce f n .
( a ct of be ing p romi n e n t ; proj ecti on ; n ot o
r ie t y ) m
’
p s o r —
ns n s .

p r o m i s c u i t y n ( c o n .f u s i o n ; p r o m i s c u o us n e ss ) ps o m r
’
sk c uu -r

m
'
t , p
r s o x s k c u u -x -
tx .

p r o m i s c u o u s a d j ( m i x t ; . i n di s c r i m i n a t e ) p s o
’
m r sk e u —a
s .

p r o m i s e n ,. v [ a l s
. o s p e l t p r o m is ; a s v e r b , p ost par t rcrpl e and
pr e t e r 1 t p r om is e d, pr om is t ] p s om xs
’
.

p r o m i s e e n p .e r s o n t o w h o m a p r o m i s is ma d e [ a l so spelt

pr om iss e e ] ps om x s xi
'
.

p r o m i s e r n ( o
. n e w h o p r o m i s es ) p
'
s e m r -
soe .

p r o m i s o r n ( I
. n l a w , t h e p e r s o n w h o m a ke s a p romi s : cor
r e a t 1 v t o p om is e e ) m m
' '
l r p a e i -
s oz , p s o x-s oe .

p r o m i s s i v e a d j p r o m i. s s o r y [ a l s o s p e l t p r o m i s siv ] ps u m rs rv
'
.

p r o m i s s o r n ( f
. o r m e r l y , I n a s t r o l o g y , p r o m it t o r ; rn R a mos
l aw , p r om is or ) ps o m xs az
’
.

p r o m i s s o r y a d j ( c o n v e.y i n g a p r o m i s ; o f a p r o m i s)
'
ps om r
m m i m
’
( ly) p ss e x; ( r apid ly )
’
s e e r, ( a l s o) p s o rs o -e x
, a s s u p t v s e r —

’
p s o m r-s x
s .

p r o m o n t o r y n ( h e a. d l a n d ) p
’
s o m s n -
t o e r ,
'
p s e m a n -t oe r .

p r o m p t a d j ( re a dy ; a c t in g w it h a l acr it y ) ps ompt, ps e m t
. .

m i m i m ) m
’
p r o u l g a t e v (p u b
. l i s h ; d ss e i n a t e ; p r o c l a p s o s l -
ge t,
- m al - m
’
l
'
p s oo g , p
e t s o a -
ge t .

p r o m u l g a t i o n n ( pu bl ica t i on ) p s om al ge e S
’
an , pse m al ge e
- ’
.

San .

r om u m ( i mpr oper ly)

’ '
p l g a t or n .
ps o m A l-g e t oz , p o
s s l -
ge t ae ;
m l
’
p s o o g e e -
t az .

ib u l e ,
’
p r on a o s n .
( v e st n art h e x ) p s o n e e -
os.

p r on g e d a dj . ha v in g
p r on gs [ a ls o sp e l t pr ongd ] ps e zrj d,
p s e nd ; ( d ia l e c t a l ly ) ps c znd .

’
p o o
r n u n c e a b l e a dj p s o n a u n -
s o-
b sl .
.

p r on ou n ce dl y a dv. ( in a p r on ou n ce d m a n n er ; d ec id ed ly )
’
p s o n o u n -
s r- d h .

p r on u n ci a m e n to n. m a n if e st o [ sy n ony
p r on ou n ce m e n t ,
m ou s cog n a t e p r on u n c ia m i e n t o] ps a- n a n si- o m e nt o
’
.

p r on u n ci a t i on n ( a.c t i on o f p r on ou n ci n g) p s a- n a n s i
’
c o S ,
— un

’
p s a -
n A n s i e e -
on S .

p r oo f n. t e s t ; con v in ci n g e ffe ct of e v id e n ce ; t r ia l impr e ss ion

[ p l u ra l p r oo s f ] p s uu f .

p r op a ga n di z e v . [ als o s p e lt p r op aga n d is e ] ps opa

'
gae n -d s z
r .

(
’
p r op a ga t e v . cau s e t o b re ed ; b re e d ) ps opa- ge t .

p r op e l v. d r iv e f or w a r d [ p r e se n t p art rc rpl e ro p p ellin g ; p as t

p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e te r1t p r op e ll e d , pr ope l d ] ps o pe l
'
.

j ye , ; b t
t; cu r e h e , 9 t h i n ; 3 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ; s hoe , t Sc h e w ;
w w h e n ; n s m g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , o f u l l , ou ool , r i t , ri se c ;
.

0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e r1 al , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d, s o gat e ;
 DI CTI ONARY O F HARD WORD S 4
35

j
’
p r op el l en t ad .
,
n. ps o p e l a n t .

m ( p r opu l s i on ; p s o p e l m an t e s ca p e m e n t )
’

p r op e l en t n . .

a dj ( i n cl i n e d , p r on e ; w illi n g ) ps o pe n s , ps o p e n t s
’ '

p r op e n se . .

p r op h e cy n . a c t i on or f
acu lt y o f a p r op h e t ; p r e d ic t i on [ a l s o,

f
or m e r ly , s p e l t r o h es y ]
'
p s o fp p
r -
sx .

p r o p h e s i e r n ( o n e w h o
. o r t h a t w h i c h p r o p h e s i e s ; p r op h et ;

i ) p f i
’
p g
r o n o s t c s o x-
s a -
az .

p r o p h e s y v (p r e d i c
. t ,
o r e t e ll ) p
’
s o f x -
f
sa r .

p r o p h et n ( ore t e lle r ) ps of l t
. f ’
.

p r o p i n e v a r c h a ic ( g iv e t o d r i n k ; p r e s e n t , p r op os e ; e n d ow ;
.

d r in k a h e a lt h t o ) p s o p a m
’
.

p r o p i n e n a r c h a ic ( p r e se n t , gi ft ) ps o p a m
’
. .

p r o p i n e n ( a l l
. l e n e , p r o p iyn e n e ) p
’
s o o -
p a xn .

n e s s ) ps o p m w k
’
p op i n q u i t y n ( n e x tx
-
r a r . .

’
p r o p i t i a t e v ( c o n c i l i a. t e ) p p S t
s o I i —e
.

i i i ) p p S t z i
’
p r o p t i a t o r n ( o n e w h o
.
p pr o t a t e s s o r -e o
.

’
p o p o e n t a d j ( p p os g ) p
r n r o i n . s o po n an t
o -
.

p r op r e t o r n m a g is t r a t e w it h p re t ori a l a u t h or it y b u t w it h ou t
.

h
t e t i t le o p t f r e o r [ a s o sp e l t
l r o r ae t o r ] p s oo
’
p s r i p p
-
t oz .

p r o p r i e t a r y n ow n e r ; g r a n t e e ; b od y of p r opr i e t ors ; p r o
.

p r ie t or s h ip ; p os s e s s i on [ s n on y m ou s cog n a t e , I n t h e s e n s e s y
of ow n e r , g r a n t e e , a n d b od y of p r opr i e t or s , pr opr ie t a ry ]
’
p s o ps a i r t e z r
- —
.

i j ( f i ) p p i
’
p r o p r e t a r y a d o a r
p p o r e. t o r s o s o t
-r- e z r .

i
’
p r o p r i e t o r n (g r a n t e e . ; o w n e r ) p p s a s a -
rt s e .

i s a m e m e an 1 n g a s pr o
’
p r o p r i e t o r y n ,
a d j p p s o s
. a x t oz x
- -
. .

pr ie t a r y .

p r o p r i e t y n ( o w n e r .s h i p; it n e ss ) p p s a
’
s a f
i -
x tx -
.

p r o p y l o n n m o n u .m e n t a l g a t e w a y ; p r o p l a e u m [ p lu r a l pr opy y
l on s , p p
r o yla ]
’
p s o p l on
I -
.

i
’ ’
p r o r a t a n ( n .
p r o p o r t i o n ) p s o o z e e -
t o , p s o o z a z-
t o ; ( v u lga r
’
l y ) ps oo z ae t s .

’
p r o r o g a t e v (p r o r o g .u e ) p s o o c c -
ge t
-
.

i S S
’’

p r o r o g a t o n n p s o z o g e e -
. a n p s o z a g e e - sn
, .

p r or o g u e v . f
( d e e r ; d iscon t in u e ) ps o z oog ; ( im r o e r ly )
’
p p
’
p s o z og .

ic j ( p r osy ; p r op e r ly )
’
ad d u ll ) ps o z e e xk ( le s s
’
p r osa .
-
; ps o se e

1k .

p r os a i s t n. ( w r it e r of p r ose ; p r os a ic p e rs on ) p s o
’
z e e -
rs t ,
’
p s oo-
z e -
I st .

p r os ce n iu m n . s t a ge ; f r on t p a rt of t he st a ge [ plu ra l pr o
] ( l es s p op e
’
s c e n ia p s o s ri n i em ; r l y ) p s o s e n i- e m
’
-
-
r .

ib ( ou t l a w ; p r oh ib i t ) ps o s ks a xb
’
p r os cr e v . .

c: law ,
fur a: ,
as c a t , b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , u : a sk , or kit e ;
0 h ot , or
le n gt h m a r k -
1 n d 1 c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d 1 n g s ou n d I S l o n
g;
st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
st r e s s on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e.
4
36 D IC T IO NAR Y O F HARD WO R DS

p r o sc r i p t i on n.( ou tl a w ry ; p rohibi t ion ) pd sltu pj m

’
-l axt
p r os e l y t e n .
( con ve rt ) p ec ar .

o l t i m ’
o xl x -t x m
'
c -l -t u s m
p r s e y s n p s s z a , pe si . s r .

’ ’
r l
p r o s e l y t i s t n ps os x t rst , ps e s x s x t u t
- -
. l -
.

p r o s e l y t i s e v c o n v e r t [ a ls o sp e.l t p r o s e ly tis e ] T n il l s.
u i s-
’
-l a x
ps o s x -
t ot z .

p r o s i f y v t ur n i n t o prose ; mak e p rosaic w r ite pr ose (all )

.

s p e l t pr os e fy ]
’
o o -z x -f a
p s r .

j ( of p rosody ) psu sod rk ps o sodrk

' ’
p r o s od i c a d . , .

p r os od y n ( scie nce of v e rsi fica ti on ; me trics )

'
m dl .
ess -
-
.

p r o s o p o p e i a n [ als o spe lt . p r os opopoe ia ] pe e s o i-

p p o,
r
’
ps o
i jo
’
sop a p x -
.

p r o s p e c t v ( l ook orw ard , . f fa ce ) pso spe kt ;

’
( search ; e s pltl s
f or or e ) ps o- sp e kt
'
.

s i gh t ,
'
-s e ltt .
p r osp e ct n .
( v ie w , su rv ey ) ps o p
p r os p e ct iv e ad j l ookin g
. forw ar d ; e xpect e d [ also spel t pn
]
’
s pe c t iv ps o sp e kt t v
[
.

p r os p e c t o r n on e w h o p r osp e ct s or hun ts f or mi nerals sh

.

] p pe t , “ps e spe kt ae
’
sp e l t p spe
r o c t or s o s k oz -

i p a s, ( e‘
-
’
p r o s p e r o u s a d j ( t h a t p r os p e r s ; t h r v ing) p
. s es a
’
id ly ) ps osps os .

p r o s p yh s i s it a n a d h e s i on [ p l u
. r al p r o s h
p y s e s ]
’
ps osf r-s rs .

p r o s t a t e a dj ( locat e d i n r on t of somet hing ; prosts tic)

. f
’
p s os t e t .

h e si s a d d it ion O
'
p r os t ( n .
) p s os x-
s rs.

p r os t r a t e a dj ( l y i n g f l
. a t ; p r o c u m b e n t ) p
’
se -s t et
r
'
m ,

p r os t r a t e v ( b e c
. o m e p r o s t r a t e ; l a y f l a t
'
) p s e -s
tt e t .
’ ’
p r ost r a t or ps o s t ge t oz , ps os t ge e -t az
-
n . .

p r os y a dj ( l ik e p r o
. s e ; p r osa ic ; t ir e s om e ) p s oo -z x '
.

p r ot a s i s n ( m a x im ; i r
. s t c l a u s e o r p a r t ) p
’
se ta -s rs f .

P r o t e a n a dj ( of Pr ot eu s ; v a riab l e ) ps o t ri-ou , pas o-t i-ou

’ '
. .

p r o t eg e n ( on e w h o i s u n d e r t h e ca re of an ot h e r ) ps ot t sse,
’
.

’
p s oo-
t 1 -
3e .

p r ot é g é e n .
( g i rl or w om a n w h o is u n d e r t h e care of a n ot her
’
)
’
p e r s on ps ot 1 3 ee, p s oo t 3e
- 1-
.

p r ot e i d n . a lb u m i n oid , p r ot e in [ a ls o , f orm e rly , spel t pr ote id s ]

i
’
ps o o-
t l-
d .

p r ot e i n n . su p p os e d p rin cipl e of f ood s [a lso, f orm erly , spe lt

p r ot e in e ]
ps oo t xn i-
’
-
.

m i m i g) p m
’
p r o t e p o r e a dj ( f or t h e t e b e n s o t e e -
p er . .

p r o t e s t n
’
p s oo -
t e st , ( a ls o,
. or m e r ly , b u t r ar e ly new f ) ps o
'
t e st .

d e cl are ) pso t e st
’
p r ot e s t v .
( a ss e r t , as s e v e r at e , .

j c cu re ; b t h e 9 t h in ; 3 az u re , d 3 j oy ;
é
e, s h oe , t j ch e w
,

w w en ; o s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e act , o f u l l , on 001 r i t , ri ses

o poe ti c , a ov e r, e a eri al, a b ut, a: d oor, s o n o, e be d, s o gate
4
38 DI CTIO N A RY O F H ARD WO R D S
p r ov e t e st ; [ p e st pa rt rc rp le p r ove d ; pre t er 1 t
r e n d e r ce rt a in

p r ov e d , le s s p r op e rly p r ov e n ] p s ou v .

p r o v e d or n .
pu r v e y or ; p r ov e d it or [ sy n onym ous cog na t e pr o
] d oz
’
v e d or e p s ov r-
.

' ’
r ov e n ad j ( p r ov e d ) oo
o - -v
p .
ps u v an , p s an .

sa m e mea ni ng prov cm en ce
'
'
p r ov e n a n c e n .
p s ov r-n
an s. as .

P r o v e n ca l a dj ( of Pr ov e n ce , Fra n ce ) ps ov e n sa zl , ps ov e n
’
.

s a :l , p s ov on sa l
’ ’
.

P r ov e n c e a d j ( of Pr ov e n ce , a f or m e r prov in ce of s ou t h eas t
.

’ '
e r n Fr a n ce ) p s o v ons , ps e v an s .

[ m at e p r ov en anc e ] ps o v xi
’
p r o v e n i e n c e n s y n on y o u s cog n .

m -
a ns .

p r ov i a n t n .
p r ov is ion ; f ood -
su ppl y ; com m iss a ri at ; pr ov a nd,
]
’
p r ov a n t [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e pr ovi a n d p s e v i—a n t .

p r ov i d e n c e n ( f o r e s i g h t ; f ru g a lit.
y ; d i v i n e su pervisi on )
’
d on s
'
ps o v r-
d n s p s ov r -
,
.

p r o v i n c i a l a d j ( o f a p r o v i n c e ; ru s t i c ; l ocal ;
. n arr ow ) nao
v rn t al S
’
v
’
al , ps a .

p r ov i n c i a l iz e [ als o s pe lt p r ov in cialise ] p s o
’
v rn a S
-l a rz .

p r ov i s o n .
p r ov i s i on a l cl a u s e ; c on d i t i on [plu ral pr ovi soes]
’
p s o v a r-z
o.

p r ov o c a ble ad j .
( r a re )
'
p s ov a k a -b l
a . sa m e m e an i n g as pre
v ok a b l e .

p r ov o c a t i on n .
( a ct i on of p r ov ok in g ; in cit e me nt ) pee v e
’
ke e - S on .

p r o v o ca t i v e a d j t h a t p r ov ok e s ; e x ci t i n g lfal so spe lt pr ov oca

‘

t iz'] ps a v ok a t i v , ( a ss u m pt iv ly ) p s a v e k at xv ; ( a ls o) p so v oo
’ ’ ’
-

k o- t xv , ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) ps a v oo k at rv ; ( r a r e ly ) ps ov o—k et rv
’ ’
-
.

i k d -ka-bol
’
p r o v o k a b l e a d j ( pc a a b l e o f b e n g p r o v o
. e ) p s a v oo .

’ '
p r ov o k e v ( e x ci t e ; v ex ) ps a v ook , ( d ia l ec t a lly ) ps a vok
. .

p r o v o s t n ( c h ie , h e
. a d ; c o ll e g e -
p r i n c i p a lf; c h u r c h d i gn it ary ;
Scot ch m a y or ; ch i e j a il e r ; p r is on ) ps oo v ost , ps e v as t ;
'
-
f
'

( a ls o, i n t h e s e n s e of j a ile r or m a r sh a l ) ps o voo, ( an t er ior ly )

'

' '
p s oo v o, ps v o
o
- -
.

p r ow ( f or e p a r t or h ow of a s hip ; b e a k ) ps a o
n . .

’
p r o w e s s n ( v i r t u e ; b r a v e ry v a l or ) ps n u i s
-
.
. ,

p r o x i m i t y rt ( n e a r n e s s ) p s ok s n n rt r ; ( l e ss p r op er ly ) pae o
’
.

'
m -t r
z .

p r u d e n c e n ( q u a l it y of b e in g p ru d e n t ; s a ga ci ty ; k n ow l edge )
.

’
p s ou -
d n s ; ( o r m e r ly) p
’
s i on -
dns f .

d -d t r
'
p r u d e r y n (p r u d i s h n e s s.; p r i m n e s s ) p
’
s ou -
a-
z r ps ou , .

r
p u n e d a d j ( t r i m d ) p s o u n d .
( a l s o i n p oe t ry) p
’
s ou -
u rd , , .

’
p r u n e l l n ( m ill e d c a s h m e r e ) ps o n e l
. .

j c
ye ,
cu r e ; a t h e 9 t h i n ; 3 az u r e , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sc he w : .

11) w h e n ; r) s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct 0 u ll , n u ool , 1 i t , ri se e ;
.

, f f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , e e gat e ;
 DICTION A R Y O F HA R D WORD S 4
39

pr u n el l a n . e v e rla s t i n g, a cl ot h [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e pru

n e l l o, p r un e lle ] ps u
’
n e l o.

p r u n el l a n .
p la n t of t h e g e n u s B ru n e ll a ; se l f h e a l [ sy n on y
-

m ou s c og n a t e p r u n e ll o ] ps u
’
n e la .

p r u n el l a n. ( ob s ol e t e ) ca m p ever
-
f ; s or e t h r oa t ; t h ru s h ; an

g in a p e ct or is ; s a l p r u n e l l a ; p r u n e l l a sa lt [ s yn on y m ou s cog

n at e p ’
r u n e lle ] ps u n e l a .

’
Pru n ell a n. ( A cc e n t or , a g e n u s of b i r d s ) ps u n e la .

p r u n e ll o n. f in e p ru n e [ a ls o sp e lt pr u n e l l oe ; f orm e r sy n on y

m ou s e c og n a t p
r u n ell a ] p s u n e l o
’
.

’ ’
p ru r i go n ( t i c hi n g) p . s u z-
z r -
o
g , p s u z a r -
go .

San
’ ’
P r u s s i a n a d j ( o f Pr u s s i a ) p s a S an ,.
p s u u -
.

m ] S
’
'

P r u ssi a n iz e [ a l s o s p e l t P r u s s i a s e p s a o-
n e r z .

p r u s s i a t e n ( e r r o cy a n id e o .r e rr ic y fa n id e ) p
’
s a s i -
e t ,
'
p s a si f
at
’
,p s a i
S ; (
e t l e ss r-
o e r l y) p
’
s u u -
s i -
et p p .

p r u s s i c a d j ( of Pr u ss ia n b lu e ) DS A SI k ; ( l e ss r o er ly ) ps uu
.
' ’
p p
s xk .

p r y t a n e u m n p u b l ic h a l l [ a l s o sp e lt pr y t a n e iu m ; pl u r al pry
.

t a n e a ] p s rt o n l i- om
’
.

p r yt a n is n c h ie m a gi s t ra t e or p rie st [p l ural
. f ry t a n e s ] p
’
p s rt o-
nis .

p s a l l oi d ad j .
(l y r if or m ) '
sa -
l o rd .

p sa l m n. ( sa cre d p oe m or s on g ) s a zm ; ( d ia l e cta lly , v u lg ar ly )

s aezm .

m -m rk
’
m l m i
’
p sa l i c a dj ( o f p s a l m s ; p s a . l k e ) s ael r k , suz -
.

m sze l m rs t ( r a re ly )
’
m ( i f m )
’
p s a l i s t n w r t e r o p s a l
. s s a z-
rst , ,
’
s u zl - m i st .

m l m m -m x
’
p s a l i s t r y n ( s i n g i n g p sa s ; p sa.l o d y) s a z -s t x
g .
'
s ael m I - s t xr .

sa l m od i n p s al m od y ; s in ge r of p sal m s )
’
p i st n .
( on e s k il d su

m s d i s t sze l m o d xs t
’
- -
.
,

m i l m d [ l s o s p e l t p s a l m od is e ]
’
p s a l o d i z e o p r a c t s p s a o y . a su
’
m s - d a rz saal m o d a xz,
-
.

m i m l m l i l m o dl ,
’
p s a l o d y n ( s i n n
g g p s a l . s ; p s a s c o l e ct v y) s u z- -

'
sze l m o d r -
.

'
-l ord
p s a l o i d a d j ( l i k e a n a rc h
. ) s e e .

l B P m ) l
'
p s a t e r n ( o o k o f
. s a l s e t c s c z -
tsz , . .

p s a l t e r i u m n p s a l t e r ; a l s o o m a s
. u m , m a n y p l ie s [ pl ur al psal ,

t e r ia ] s c l t l z z i om sael t rz z i e m
’ ’
- - - -
.
,

p s a l t e r y n ( s t r i n g d i n. s t r u m e n t ; p s a l t e r )
'
sc zl -
t a-e x
.

p s c h e n t n ( Egy p t i a n c r ow n ) S e n t ( r a r e ly ) p S
. ent , .

p s e t t i n e a d j of t h e s u b f a m ily Ps e t t in a e of f l a t f i sh e s [ al so,
-
.

s o m e t i m e s s p e l t ps e t l in ]
’ ’
, se t a m se t m -
, .

c: la w fu r
, a: ,
s cat ,
a 0 b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow , u : a sk , or kit e
h ot , or
l e n gt h m a r k -
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d i n g s ou n d rs l on g ,

st r e s s -
m a rk 1 n d 1 ca t e s c h 1e f
s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g syl la b l e .
 4
40 DICTION A RY O F H ARD WO R D S

p seu d o a dj ( f a ls e ) c s o u -d o
. , ( r a r e ly) p c s uu -d o '
; ( d ia l ect ally)
’

’
sou -d o .

p s e u d o n y m n f a l s e n a m e [ a l s o s p. e l t p s eu do n y m s ]
’
s cou -da

m m ; ( d ial e ct al ly) suu -do-u rm

’
.

p s e u d o n y m o u s a d j ( b e a ri n g a p s e u d on m
y ) se u.
'
d e n r -mas .

p s h a w i n t e rj e x p r e s s i n g c o n t.e m p t , d i sda in , impa t ience.

s e n s e of a b s u r d it y [ a l s o s p e l t p s h aw a n d, f orm e rly , ps lw .
’

ps ha h p shaw ,
’
] Sc: pS
c:

p sh em n . d p
-
s ch e m ] Se m
h e a d r e ss [ a l s o , ( r em
ar e ly) p S s p e lt .

p s h t in t e r j e n j oi n i n g ca u t i on or e xpre ss i n g i mpa ti e n ce [ fe r
.

m e r sy n on y m ou s cogn a t e ps lm t ] p S t .

p s h u t i n t e r j ( ob s ol e t e ) p S
Al sa m e m ea n i n g as ps h t
‘

. . .

p si n .
(G re e k le tt e r ) s e x, ps n .

si l om e l a n e m a ngan e se ) ien
’
p n. ( or e of sar l e nu -
.

’
p s oa s n . ( m u s cl e ) soo-a
es .

p s or a n. ( sc a b i e s )
’
s oz as ,
-
( r a r e ly, p ed an tically) '
pe c z-ca .
n e cr om a n ce r ] s s r—b
’
p s y c h a g og u e n . [ a l s o sp e lt psych aaoa
gog .

p s y ch ( hu m an sou l spir it min d ; ce reb rospin al n e r vous

e 13 . , ,

sy t
s e m ; m i rr or ) s o r-k r
( a y
r r e l p e d a n t ic a
’
ll y) p
’
sa x-I
n, , .

( of p sy ch ia t ry ) s s r ki a t xrk
'
p s y c h i a t r i c a dj
—
. .

k
'
s
p y c h i a t r y 11 ( t re a t m e n t o f m. e n t a l d i s e as e s ) s s x ai a tt r
— —
.

-k rk
’
p y
s c h i c a d j ( m e n t a l s p i r
. i t u a l ) se r , .

’
s
p y c h i c a l a dj ( p s y c h i c ) s a r k r. k ol - -
.

s
p y c h o l o g i c a d j ( o f p ys c h o l o gy ; p y s c. h o l o g ic a l ) sa x-Infl o
d si k .

s
p y c h o l o gy 11 ( s c i e n c e o f . m i n d ) se r
'
k o l a -d r
s .

p s y c h o m a c h y n ( c o n f l i c t o f t h. e s o u l w it h t h e b ody ) slu
k om o- k r
'
.

p s y c h o m a n c y n ( occu lt i n t e rcom m u n icat ion b e t w e e n sou ls

.

or w it h s p i ri t s ) s a r k s m z n s r s a r k om e n -s r
’ ’
- -
, .

p ys c h o p a t h y n ( m e n t a l d i s e a
. s e ; t r e a t m e n t of di se as e by
p sy ch ic i n f c ) s k
’
l n e x o p Ora -
u e e .

p s y c h o s i s n m e n t a l c. o n s t i t u t i o n ; p s y c h i c ch a n ge [ pl ural
p sy h os es] s e
c r
'
k o o s rs
-
.

i -cool e r
[ l s o spe l t p sy k t er ] s xkt ae , ( r ar e l )
'
p s y c t e r n w n e . a
y
’
ps rkt az .

p t a r m i g a n n (g r o u s e )
’
t.a z z -m x - on
g .

p t e r o u ( a n . a l a t e o r w i n g lik e p art ) t rzz

-
.

p t e r n a n h e e l -
p.a d o f a b i r d [ p l u r a l p t er n a e ]
'
t s z n s ,
'
t e zz -na .

p t e r o d a c t y l n p t e r o s a u r i a n .
, an e x t i n c t r e p t il ; f l i
y gn -d r
agon
[ a l s o s p e l t p t e r od a c ty l e ] t e z a daek t rl
’
.

’
d
’
p t e r o i d n ( b o n e ) . t e -
z o r d , t i z-
z o r .

i ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h i n ; 5 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t sche w ;
w w h e n ; i] s in g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act , 0 u ll , ou ool , r i t , xi se e ;
.

f f
0 poe t ic ; a ov e r, e a e ri al , A b u t , a: door, s o n o, o b e d , s o goes ;
4
42 D I CT I O N ARY O F H A R D WO R D S

p u i sn e ad j .
( y ou n ge r or i n f e r ior in ran k , as a j udg e ; more
’
r e ce n t ; la t e r ) peou n r.
-

'
i
’ '
p i s s a n ce
u n. ( pow e r ) pcuu r son s ,
- -
pcu rsons , p w x -sans .

p u i ss a n t a dj . ( p ow e r u l , f m i gh t y )
’
pcu u-r-san
t, p eu
'
rsant.
'
pw ri -ss n
t.
t cu d
’
p ul c h r itu de n ( b e au t y) p . a l k s x - .

p u l k a n sle d ge [ al s o sp e l t p u lk h a ; syn onymou s cogn a t e ps lk]

.

'
pA l ka, pul ko
’
.

p n l l a s t r i n e a dj of t h e Pu lla st rae , a group of bi rd s [ also,

.

s om e t i m e s , s p e lt pul l a s t r i n ] p u l ze -s tza rn , pA l e s t zxn

’ '
.

p u l l e y n g. r o o v d w h e e l i n a b l o c k ; t r ochl ea [pl u ral pull eys]

'
p ul I .

p u l l i c a t e n c h e c k .t h a n d k e r c h ie f [ also, f orm erly, s pe l t pul li

ca t, p u lica t ] -k ot
'
p A l r .

p u l l u l a t e v (g e r m . i n a t e ; b u d ) p
’
A l i u -l e t .

m
'
p u l m o n a r y a d j (' o f t h e l u n. g ; s h a v i n g l u n g ) p
s s i a -n ez x .

i ) l k
'
p u l q u e n ( d.r n k p u l k r , p u e —
.

’ ’
p u l s a t e v ( b ea. t , t h r o b ) p A l -
se t , p a l se t .

p u l s a t i l e a d j t e n d i n g . t o p u l sa t e [ a l s o, somet i mes , spe lt pul

’
s a t il ]
’
p l sa
A - t l l , A l
p s t tu l
o -
.

'
m I
'
p u l s a t o r n i
( j gg g . i n -
ac hi n e e t c ) p a s e e -t oz
, , p A i sa -t az
. .

p u l v e r i n e n a s h e s o
. f b a r i l l a [ a l s o s p e lt p u lv e r i n ]
’
p a i v a -em .

p u l v e r i z a b l e a d j [ a l s o s p e l t .p u l v e r i s a b l e ] p
'
A l v o -c a r-
n -b el .

p u l v e r i z a t i o n n [ a l s o s p e l t . p u l v e r i s a t i on ] p A l v o z r
'
z e e -
San.
’
p vA l o -
z a x z e e -
Ss n .

p u l v e r i z e v r e d u ce t o p ow d e r [ al s o spe lt p ulv eris e ] pAlv a

'
.

z e rz .

pu l v e r i z e r it [ a l s o s p e l t. u l v e r is e r ] p a lv o -e a I -
m p '
.

p u l v e r u l e n c e n ( st a t e of b e in g pulv e ru le nt , dus ty , or pow

.

d e ry ) pa l v e z a-l on s , p A l v e z j u -l a n s
’ '
.

pu l v i n a r n ( o f a p .u l v i n u s o r c u s hi o n -l ike sw e lling of a
m i
’
st e o p
r e t ol e ) p A l v a r -
n az .

m m -m a
g ) pc
’
( (
'
o o l y) p
-
p u a n c . u a r u u , r a r e u u .

p u m i c e n s p o n gy. l a v a [ a l s o s p e l t p u m is ] p
’
a m l s ,
'
pcon -m rs .

m m
'
p u i c e o u s a d j ( o f p u i c e ) p e
. u m rS as .

p u m i c e - s t on e 11 [ a l s o sp e lt a m is s ton e ] pa m rs st oon, ps
.
-
’
- '
p
m x-s t on .

p u m p e r n i ck l e n .
( w h ol e m e a l -
ry e b r e ad )
'
p u mp az -n x
kal ,
m k al
’
pA i n p oz -
.

p u m p k i n n f r u it C u cu rb it a p e po ; gourd ; sq u as h ; pl ant ;
. of

p e rs on [ a l s o s p e l t p u n k in a n d f or m e rly , pompkin p u m kin ; , ,

f orm e r sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e s p omp ion, p ump ion ] p anlrm . '

pA m pk m
’
.

0 i n ; 3 a z u re , ( 13 oy ; Ss hoe , t Sche w ;
'

j b t
c cu r e
; h e t h
{
ye , ,

f
.

w w he n ; x ) s i n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 re a ct , u f ul ou ool , I it , xi s e c ;
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, e be d, s o gat e ;
 DI C TION ARY O F H A R D WO RD S 4
43

p u n a is e b e d b u n.
g [ a l s o s p e l t p u n e s e ; f o r m e r s y n o n y m ous

cog n a t e p u n ie , e t c ] p cu n e e z
'
. .

p u n c h a i n a l l. s e n s e s [ p as t p ar t rc r p l e a n d p r e t e r i t p u n c h e d ,

s
pu n ch t ] pa n t , ( a ls o, an d in B r i ta in n or m ally ) pa n s .

p u n c h e o n n ( p e r f o r a t i n g
-
.t oo l ; p u n c h )
’
p a n t Sa n , ( al s o , a nd
in B r i t a in n or m a l ly ) pa n S
'
sn .

k i
’
pu cn t i l i o u s a dj ( a tt e n t iv t o .
p u n c t il i o s ; n i c e ) p n a t i l -a s
.

p m k t xl ioS
’
. .

p u n g y n ( sm all b oat ; sch oon e r ) panr

' ’
. .

p u n i s h v i n f l i c t a.
p e n a l t y o n ; cas t i g a t e [ p a s t p a r t r c rp l e a n d
pr e t e r rt p u n is h e d, pu n is h t ] p a a
’
.

p u n i t i v e a d j o f p u n i s h m e n. t [ a l s o s p e l t p u n i t iv ] pc
'
uu -nx-t rv .

p u n k y n f ly , m id
. g e [ a l s o s p e l t p u n k ie ] p a nk x
'
.

p u n n e t n b a s k e t [ a.l s o s p e l t p u n n i t ]
’
p m r t .

l
’
p u n y a d j ( s m a l . a n d w ea k ) p e u u -
n r .

p u p a n s t a g .e b e t w e e n l a r v a a n d i m a g e [ p l u r a l pupa e ] pcon
'

pa .

p u p il a g e n . st a t e of b e in g a m i n or or w a rd ; min orinr; pupil

s h i p [ a so sp t
l e l u i l l ag ]
e pe o u - x
p -i r
ds p p ’
.

p u p i l a r i t y n st at e of b e i n g b e l ow t h e a ge of pub e rt y ; chil d
.

hood [ a ls o s pe lt u il la r i ty ] p cu p r l z z x-t t
'
p p .

p u p i l a r y a dj of a c hild or pu pil [ also sp e lt pu il l ary ] p cou

.
'
p
-I
p r ez x .

p u p i l a r y a dj of t h e pu pil of t h e eye [ al s o spe lt pa pil la ry]

.

’
o - -l e z r
pe u p r .

p p u i l a t e a d j p p u i l d [ a l s o s p e l.t p u p il l a t e ] pc p u u - r-l e
t
'
.

p u p i l e d a d j h a v i n g a p u p il .
- ik e
l c e n t r a l sp ot ; pu pil at e [ al so

s pe lt p u p ill e d, pu pi l d ] p xl d
’
-
pe u n .

p u p i l i z e 11 t a k e pu pil s ; t e a c h [ al so s pe lt pu p illiz e, pupil l is e ]

.

-l a rz
'
pe o u -
p x .

u
p pp e t - v a l v e n [ a l s o s p e l t p u pp e
. t -
v ale ; syn on ym ous cog
n a t e p opp e t-v a lv e ] pa p rt -v e l v
'
.

p u p p y n y ou n g d og ; f op [ plu r al p u pp ie s ] pA p L
'
. .

p u r b l i n d a d j ( n e a r l y b li n d ) p
’
. s zz -
bl s rnd .

p u r ch a s e ga in acq u ir e , b u y [ pe st part rcrpl e a nd p re t e r i t

,

p u r ch as e d, pu r ch as t ] pe z t Srs , p e zz -t SI S
’ '
.

p u r c h a s a b l e a d j [ a l s o s p e l t p u r c h as
. e a b l e ] p
'
az t S I so-b ol .

p u r ee n ( t h ick s t ra in d s ou p , su ch as p e a s ou p ) pen s e e. - '

.
,

p u r g a t o r y a dj ( c l e a n s i n g ; e x p.i a t o ry; p g ur a t i v ) p
'
e ze - é
g
’ ’
t oz r, - at a z r
p z g p e z g ts a
o
- - -
e e , e .

p ur g er y n.d r a i n in g p
-
l a ce i n a s u ga r -h ou se
[plural pu rperies ]
’ ’
p e e d 3 s -
z r p e zz -
d s -
s ar , .

p u r i f i c a t i v e a dj pu r i fyi n g ; cl e a n sin g [ als o spel t p urifica

.

c: law fur , a: , a cat , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , on n ow , a: ask, or kit e ;

l e n gt h -m a rk i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e pr e ce d rn sou nd 1 8 l o
st r ess -m ar
k 1 nd 1 cat e s chi e f st re ss on t h e oll ow mg e.
4
44 DI CTION AR Y O F H ARD W OR D S

t iv ]
'
pc u z-z rf r- f
k e t rv , ( o t en ) p cuz rf k e t rv ; ( a ls o) pco n f x
’
r-
'

ke t rv ; ( a ls o) p cu z rf rko-t i v , ( assu mpt iv ly) pco z xf r-kat rv

’ ’
.

p u r i f i c a t o r y a dj ( pu ri fica t iv ) p cu z xf rka t or r, pcu z rf rlcs

’ ’
.
-
’ ’
t o z r , p cu z-
z rf rk o -t a e r , p cu z z- r f r- k
et az r .

p u r i f i e r n ( on e w h o or t h at w hich pu ri ie s ; cl ean se r) peo

.
’
f
e x -f
s i-s e .

. J
P u r i m n ( ew is h e st i v al ) p ec z e rm , pu z rim ’
f-
’
.

p u r i t y n
’
pc .u z-
e x-
t r, ( o t e n
'
) pe c ar -
f
tr .

P u r k i n j e a n a dj of t h e B oh e m ia n p hysi ologist Pu rki nj e [ a]

.

s o, e rr on e ou s ly , s p e l t Pu r kin g i an ] p s z k rnd si -ou

’
.

1
p u r l v e d ge w it h pu r l s ; i n v e rt t h e s t it ch e s s o as p rod uce a
.

s e a m [ p e s t p a r t rc rp le a n d pr e t e r rt u r l e d, purl d ] p a zz i p .

’
f
p u r l n cor d ; e d gi n g ; ri ll ; i n v e rs ion of stit ch e s p rod uci ng a
.

r ib d a pp e a r a n ce of s u r a ce [ a l s o, f f
or m e rly , sp e l t pur l c a n d,
m t h e s e n se of e d gi n g a n d inv e rsi on of st it che s, pear l ]
pe zz l .

'
f
p u r l n ( or m e r ly , r ill ; act ion or s ou n d of purlin g as a rill )
.

p e zz l .

‘
pu rl f
l ow w i t h a w hir l in g m ot ion or m u rm u ri ng soun d . as
a r il l [ p as t p a r t rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r rt u r l e d, pu r l d] pa w l p .

“
p u r l n l iq u or ; m ix t u r e of h ot b e e r w i t h gi n [ als o, f or m er ly ,
.

sp e lt pu r l e ] p e zz l .

‘
p u r l n ( d ia l e c t a l) n od u l e of d u n g [ a l s o sp e lt pu rl e ] p a w l
. .

'
p u r l v r e v olv a s a w h e e l ; w h e e l a s a h orse ; cap siz e [al so,
'
.

m t he s e n s e of r e v ol v a s a w h e e l , sp e lt ir l] p e zz i p .

“
p u r l n s l a n g ( h e a d e r ; sp ill : u p s e t ) p a zz l
. .

o
p u r l n l oca l ( t e r n , a b i r d ) ps zz l
. .

p u r l i c u e n ( d ia l e c ta l ) . f f
i n a l l ou r is h ; pe r orat ion ; space b e
t w e e n t hu m b a n d f f
or e i n g e r [ a l s o s p e lt per l e cu e, perl e qu c,
p
pe r lik e w , ir l icu e , pir l iecu e , pu r l ey cu e ; sy n on y m ous cog na t es
p ur l icu e , pa r l e cu e , pa r l e yc ue , pe r l iq ue y ]
'
p s z h -
kcu .

p u r l i e u n ( t r act of l an d b or d e r i n g a or e s t ; h a u n t ; ou t lyi ng f
d ist r ic t ) p e e l iu , p s zz - l iu
’
.

p u r l i n n s i d.e t im b e r ; s i d e w a v e r [ al s o sp e l t u r l in e] ps z l rn ,’
p
lm
’
p s z z -
.

p u r l oi n r e m ov e ; s t e al [ p a st p a r t rcrple a n d pr e t e r i t pur
’
l oin e d , pu r l oin d ] p s z l orn .

p u r p l e l y a d v ( i n a p u r.
p l e m an n e r : w it h p u r p ) p p
l e
’
s z ol -l r .

p u r p l y a dj ( c ha ra ct e r iz e d b y a p u rpl e c ol or ; p u rpl is h ) ps z
’
.

nu .

( im ply m e a n ) p s z poz t p nz
'
r p or t
'
pu v. p ozz t
-
, , .

( m e a n i n g ; t e n or ; im p ort ) ( als o for

’
p u r p or t n. p s z -
poz t , ,

m e r ly ) p ne p ozr t
’
.

j c cu r e ; b t h e , 0t h i n ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; S s h oe , t Sc h e w ;
ye ,
to w h e n ; r) s m g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e act 0 u l l ou ool
.

r i t , ri se c ; , f , f ,

0 p oe t 1c ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, e b e d , e e gat e :
 4
4
.

6 DICTIO N AR Y O F H ARD W OR DS

pu t a t i v e a dj su p p ose d ; . r e pu t e d ; common l y de e md [also

sp e l t pu t a t it ] p cu u -t a- t rv
' '
.

p u t c h u k n c o s t us.
-r
o o t [ a l s o s p e l t pu t ch uc lt an d , som e t i mes,

p
u t c h ock ; sy n on y m ou s cog n at e s pu t c hick, pa t e k u h, pot lu ck]
Ak
’
pA t S ok , p o t S
’
.

p u t e l i n ( b
. o a t u se d o n t h e a n g ) p
e s
'
u t r-l r
, G’
p a t r -i r .

p u t l o g n l oo
. r -
t i f
m b e r o f a sc a o l d [ s y n o n y m o usff co g n a te
p
u t l oc k ]
'
p a t l o g, p
’
u t -l o
—
g .

p u t t v , n m g ol [ als o s pe lt put ] pa t
. . f .

p yem ia n f
e b r il d is e a s e
. [ a ls o sp e lt pyam ia ; syn onym ous
cog n a t e py oh a e m ia ] p e i xi n1i-a
'
.

p yg i d i u m n ( pyg a l
. s e g m e n t ) p s r
’
d s r d i-c m
, p a r
’
g r di -om .

p y g m e a n a dj of a pygm y [ al so sp e l t pyai na e an , pigmm l

.

m i m
’
( i
’
x x o ly) p g -ou
p g u
-
, r a r e r .

p y g m y n d w a r [ a l so sp e lt igmy ; pl ura l ygmie s ] p rgm r

. f p ’
p .

p yj m d m az s a m e m e a n 1 n g as pa j amas
’
a a s n p pl a. r s a z-
. . .

p y l a n g i u m n u n d iv id e d p or t ion of t h e a r t e ria l t run k [ pl ur

.

al py l a n g l p
i a a r -l
a n
’
d s a i -
am .

p y l o r i c a dj ( of t h e py l oru s ) p r l oz rk , pe r l oz xk
’ '
. .

p y l or u s n ope n i n g r om t h e st om ach in t o t he d u od e nu m , et c
. f .

[p l u r a l y lpo r i ] p r
’
l o z -
z o s , p a r
’
l o z-z os .

p y r a m i d n ( s t r u ct u re or s oli d w it h p olygon al b a se and sIO p

.

in g s id e s m e e t i n g in a n a p e x ) p xz a- m xd
'
.

p yr a m i d al a dj ( of or .l ik e a pyra m id ; pyr amid ica l)

m
'
m
’
p 1 z ae 1 -
d l , p r z a e x -
d ol .

py r a m i d i c a l a d j ( py r a m i d a l , .
py ra m i d ic ) p x z o
'
m r d r-k
al .

p yr a m i d i z e a f
orm a py r a m id ; c on v e rge t ow a rd a n apex
.

[ a l s o s p e l t y r a m i dp is ]e
'
p r z a m l -d a rz
.

. f
p y r e n ( u n e r a l p ile ) p a rz .

P y r e n e a n a dj of t h e Py r e n e e s [ a l s o sp e l t Pyr enae an ] p re x
.

m i ou
'
-
.

m ) p m
’
h (p l e m i Osa m
’ '
py r e t r u n a n t . s r z e s o , p a r z r -
O s o , p re x -
.

p y r e t i c a d j ( of e v e r ) p a r z e t xk , p r z e t rk
.
'
f ’
.

py r e t o g e n e s i s n ( p r o d u c t i o n . o f e v e r ) p a r- e x -
t c
'
d fse n r -s r
s.
m
'

p r e i -
t o d s e -
s rs .

p y r i d i n e n a l ka l oid [ a ls o, some t im e s , sp e lt
.
yri di n ] p re x
'
p
d i n p re r-d a xn , p nr-z I- d a m
' '
.
,

py r i f o r m a d j p e ar -
sh a p e d ,
. ob con ic [ a ls o sp e lt pirifor m]
m
’
-f -f
ozz m
’
p re x o z e , p a I -
z r .

py r i t e n ( py
. r i t e s i r e -
s t o n e ) p z a rt
’
, a rf
- .

i m t e ; ch al c opy r it e ) p a r e a r t iz , p r e ar
’
p y r t e s n ( p
.
y r i t e ; a r c a s i - '

p p
t iz ; ( i m r o e r l y ) p I -z a xt s , p nr-e tu t s
’ '
.

p y r i t i c a dj ( of p r it e s ) p a r r xt rk p r e rt rk
.
’
y ’
, .

j c cu r e : b t h e , 9 t h in ;
ye , u re , d z, j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sche w ;
w w h e n ; u s in g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct n f a ll , ou ool , r i t , I I w e ; , f
o p oe t ic ; c ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b ut , a: d oor , s o n o, e b ed , c c gat e ;
 DI CTIO N ARY O F H ARD W ORD S 4
47

f mae n s r, pxea-me n
'
m
'
py r o a n cy n .
( d iv i na t ion b y ir e ) -
pe r z a
-

( mz ns r
'
s r, ra r e ly ) p a r-
zs .

py r o m et e r n .
( h ea t -
m e as u r in g d e vi ce ) p a r
’
s e m r-
t e s , p r
'
s omx
t oe .

p y r o t e ch n i c a dj .
( of fir e w orks) p a r-z o
’
t e k m k , p rz a t e ku rk
'
.

p y r ot e c h n y n ( a rt of . us ing f ire ;
f w
i re o r k s ) par m a ki ng
-z o

-t e k m
’
e
' ’ ’
t e k u r, p a r-z a- t e e , p xz o t e , p r z o .

m k i
’ '
py r o x e n e n ( i ne r a. l ) p s r z e k - s i n , p a r -
z e -
s n .

k l
’
py r o x y l e n p y r o x y l i
. n [ a l s o s p e l t p y r o x il e ] p s r z o s r .

py r o x y l i n n g u n c o t t o. n , e t c ; p y r ox y l e [ a l s
. o s p e lt p y r o x y
l in e ] p s r z ok s r- l m , p x z e ks r-l xn
’ ’
.

p y r r h i c n ( f oot of t w o s h ort sy llab le s ) p rz rk

’
. .

p y r r o l n py rr olin e , a l iq u id [ a l s o sp e lt pyrr hol ; sype ny

.

m ou s cogn a t e p yr r ol e ] p rz ol
’
.

P y t h a g o r e a n a d j ( of t h e G r e e k p h ilosop he r and mat hema .

i
’
i
’
t i c i a n P y t h a g o ras ) p r -O te g o z r -
a n , p s i - B e g a z r -on .

P y t h i a n a dj ( of D e l ph i , e t c ) p rO i-on , pa r-O i-an

’ ’
. . .

'
p yt h o n n l
( g a r e
. s e r p e n t ) p O on a r - .

py t h o n n ( f a m i.l i ar s p i r i t ; o n e p o s s e s t b y s u c h a s p ir i t )
’
pa r

G e n , p r- O om
’

’
( O
'
p yt h o n e s s n w i t c h ) p . a r-
O s -
n r s , p r e -n r
a .

d
’
ik h -O a-n ox
py t h o n o i d a d j ( l e t h e s. e r p e n t p y t o n ) p a r . p ar
’
O oo- n ord .

py x n ( b o x
.
; v as e ; c h e s t f o r s p e c i m e n c o i n s ) p s
r k .

p y x v ( t e st b y w e igh t a n d a s say , a s coin s ) p i les

. .

py x i s n py ; x . b o n e -
s o c k e t ; py x i d i u m ; l a n d - ort oise
t ; ins ect
[ p lural pyxid es ] p rks xs
’
.

qua a dv . in so fa r as ; in t h e capa city of [al so spe lt q ud, q ua]

kw ee, kw a

q u a d n ( In . p
r i n ti ng , q u a d r a t ) kw e d .

q u a d r a n g l e d a dj ( q u ad r a n gu la r ; f u rn is ht w i t h a q ua d ran
.

gl e ) kw od t mngal d , k w o d rmngal d
’ ’
.

q u a d r e n n i a l a d j ( occu r r i n g e v e ry our y e ars ; last i ng f ou r

. f
) k d i
’
y e a r s w o t e n -
sl .

q ua d r i c ol o r a d j ( o f f o u r c ol o r s ) k w od rr-
ka laz ; ( impr oper ly)
.
'

'
k w o- d re r-ka l az .

q u a d r i g a n f o ur -h or s e
c h a r.i ot [ p l u ra l q ua dri ga e ] k w o drar
'

gs .

qu a d r i j u g a t e a dj ( h a v i n g ou r p ai r s of l e a l e t s ; q uad rij u
. f f
g ou s : sa i d of a l e a ) k w e d t r
’
d suu - e
g ,t k w e
’
d rrd — et
p g f .

c: law fur
, a: , 3: ca t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , s o n ow , u: ask, a t ki t e ;
l e n gt h - m a rk i n d i ca t e s t ha t t h e p re ce d rn soun d rs l ong ;
st r e s s- m a r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch ie st r e s s on t h efe ll cw m g syll abl e.
4
48 DI C TI O N A R Y O F H A RD WO RD S

q ua d r i l l e n ( o ne o . f f o u r g r o u p s o f h o r s e s i n a t ournament ;
sq u a r e d a n ce ) kw a d t rl ka d t rl
’ ’
.
,

q u a d r i l l e v d a n c e .
q u a d r i l l e s [ p a s t p a r t rc rp l e and pre t errt
d l
’
] k d l k
’ ’

q u a d r i l l e d , q u a d r i l d k w a d r x l , w o t x , a u .

q u a d r i p a r t i t e a d j ( d i v i d e d i n t o. f o ur p ar t s) kw od n pc
'

t a rt ; ( ess l p r o p e r l y) k w o
’
d t rp o s -t s rt
.

t a j k d -l a n t
’
q ua dri v a l e n d w o r r v a . .

q u a d r o on n ( off s p ri n g of a w h it e an d a mul att o) Inso dcoun

'
. .

qua d r u m a n e n f o u r -
h an d e d m a m m al [ syn on ym ou s cogn at e
.

-m
m
’
q u a d r u a n ] k w o d r u en .

qu a d r u m a n o u s a d j ( f o u r - h a n d e d ) . k w a
’
d t uu -m x- u as .

qu a d r u p e d n ( f o u r f o o t e.d a n i m a l ) -
’
k w o d t u - ed
p .

q u a
‘
d r u p e d a l a d j ( f o u r f
- oo e d
t ) . k w o
’
d r u u -
p r—d l
; ( l ess prop
k w od t u-p e d al kw od t u-p id l , kw odt u p ri-dl
’ ' ’
er ly ) , .

l j d - ol
( an t er iorly )
’
q u a d r u p e v a d n a d v .
,
k w e . ro, p ,., .

k w od rupal ; ( i m p r op e r ly ) kw a d ruu -p al
’ ’
.

q u a e r e v im pe ra t iv ly a s k i n q ui r e ; h e n ce , one ma y ask ; it
.
, ,

i s a q u e st ion [ a ls o f or m e r ly sp el t q u er e, WW ] t ,
'
,
-n .

com p a re q u e r y .

q u a e s t a n m e d ie v a l in d u lge n ce [ pl u ral q ua e s t ae ] Innesb

'
. .

q u a e s t o r n R om a n f i n a n cia l off ice r ; p u b lic pr os ecu t or [ ai l e ,

.

i compare
'
k
’
s o m e t im e s s p e lt , q u e s t o r ] k w e s t a z w r -st as
, .

q u e s t or .

quaff v d r i n k d e e p ly ; d r in k ; d ra in [ p a st pa rt rcrple an d pre t

.

e r 1t q u a ed ff
q u af t ] k w e zf , kw ozf k w a zi
, , .

q u a g g a n ( h or s e ) k w ae ga
’
. .

q u a g g y a dj ( b oggy ) kw a g r ; ( im p r op e r ly ) k w e g r
’ '
. .

m z ; ( i mp r oper ly) h oog

'
m h m
'
q u a g i r e n ( a r s ; b o
.
g ) s g
-
a r

m a 1z .

q u a h a u g n r o u n d c l
. a m [ a l s o s o m e t i m e s, sp e lt qu a hog] ,

k w cz- h og k w s h og , k w a h c zg
' ’ ’
.
,

q u a i n kw e e . s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s q u ay
. .

k i
'
q u a l i t y n c h a rac . t e r ; p r o p e r t y [p l u r a l q ua l i t i es ] w o t - tr .

q u a l m n ( f e e l in g of f a i n t n e s s or s ick n e ss ; scru ple ) h umus.

.

k w czm .

q u a l m i s h a d j ( a ff e c t e d w it
. h a q u a l m ; q ua l m -lik e
, et c ) .

k w a z m rs k w c z- m rS
’ ’
-
.
,

q u a m a s h n p l a n t [ sy n on y m ou s c ogn a t e s ca m a s h, ca mas , cc
.

m os s com m a s ka m as ] k w a m ze S k w c z m ae S
’ ’
-
.
, , ,

d
’
(p p i y) k
’
d l k d d
'
q u a n a r y n e r e x t . w o n o z r k w o n t r, w on e z-c l
,
-
,
’
( r a r e ly) k w o n d a z -
zr .

q u a n d on g n ( t r e e ) s e n d or)
'
k w on d on
'
- -
.
, .

q u a n t i t y n ( s i z e ; a m ou n t ) k w o n t r t r
’
—
. .

j ye , 9 ; a t h e
cu r e , 9 t h i n ; 3 az u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sch ew ;
11) w h e n ; r) s 1n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u ll , u u ool , r it , ri se e ;
.

f f
0 p oe t ic ; c ov e r , c a e r1 e l, A b u t , a: d oor , s o n o, e b e d , c c gat e ;
4
50 DICTIO NARY O F HARD WORD S
pa r t i ci ple and p re t e r 1 t q u e n ch e d , q u e n c h t ] k w e nt S ( al s o
, , an d
in B r it a in n or m a lly ) kw en S .

s om e t i m e s , kw
'
qu e r ci n e ad j . [ a ls o , spe lt q u er ci n ] az s rn,
e z -sa m
’
kw .

’ ’
qu e r c i t r on n .
( b la ck oa k ) k w s zz s rtxan , k w oz s rtx
-
an .

e r i m on i ou j ( com p la in in g, q u e ru lou s ) k w es r moc

’
qu s ad .

n 1- os .

'
q u eri st n. ( on e w h o i n q u ire s ; q u e st ion e r ) kw xz-e xst ; ( of t en )
'
k w xio- z xs t .

m i i ’
q u e r u l o u s a d j ( c o p l a i n n g, p e e v s h ) k w e z o-l os
.
, ( als o, i n
B r i t a in ) kw e z j u - l os , k w e z i - u-l as
’ ’
.

q u e r y n q u e s t i on.
; i n t e rr o g a t i on -
m a rk [ a l s o s p e lt q u a er e a n d ,
f
or m e r l y , q u e r e , q u a e r y ; p l u r a l q u e r i e s ]
’
kw rz-z r com pa r e .

q ua e re .

qu e si t e d ad j .
(m a s tr ol ogy , t he t h in g or p erson i nqu ir e d
k ti d
’
a b ou t) w 1 s a I -
.

] k
’
q u e s i t i v e a d j i n t e r r og a t o r y [ a l s o s p e l t .
q u es it iv w e s x-t rv .

q u e s t o r n i n t h e R om a n C a t h ol 1e C h u rch a p a rd on er ; al so.
. ,

on e of t h e t r e a s u r e r s of t h e Fr e n c h N a t i on a l A s se m b ly [ al
s o s p e l t q u a e s tor ] com p a r e q u aes t or
’
kw e s t s z . .

’
q u e t z a l n b i r d [ a l s o sp e lt q u ez e l ]
. kw e t sal .

q u e u e n ( t a il ; p i.
g t a il ; l i n e o f p e o p l e or carr i age s ; t ail
p ie c e [ a l s o s p e l t q u e u c u e ] k cu u ,
.

i j W ( m i y) k k rd
’ '
q u c k -w i t t e d a d k w r k 1 t 1 d , a s s u p t v l w r.
-
t .

q u i e s ce n ce n ( s t a t e o f b e in g q u ie s ce n t ; q u ie t n e ss ) kumi
.

’
e s on s .

(q i i r t cu d
'
q i
u e t u d e n u e t n e s s ; r e s. t ; c a l m ) k w a - -
.

i ( i d i h d i i
'
q u e t u s n r e c e p ;t . s c a r g ;e e a t h ) k w a r -
t as .

q u i l l a i n ( s oa p b a r k t re e of C h ili ) k r l a r, ki l a r
’ ’
-
. .

'
q u i l l a i a n q u i ll a i -
t r e e . e t c [ a l s o s p e l t q u ill a j ]
a k u n , i c e -
ia .
.

q u i l l e d a d j q u i l l -
li k e ; goff e r d ; t u b u l ar [ als o sp e lt gu il d ]
.

k w xl d .

q u i l l e t n v e rb a l n ice t y ; q u ir k , q u ib b l e [ a l s o spe lt q u il lit ]

.

'
k w xl xt .

i i k i
'
( k i i )
’
q u i n a n b a r :.
q u n a q u n n e k w a r -
n a , r -n
a , .

q u i n a r y a d j ( o f f i v e )
'
k w c r n. o -
zr -
.

q u i n ce n ( f ru it ; t r e e ) kw m s , k w rn t s
. .

i i i i )
’
q u n a n (q u n n .e k w r n i -
o .

q u i n i b l e a d j o b s o l e t e ( f i v e f o l d .
q u i n t u p )
l e
'
k w rn a -
bol , .

q u i n i c a d j o f q u in a [ s y n on y m ou s c ogn at e ki n ic] kw m rk
’
.
.

q u i n i c i n e n a lk a l oid [ a l s o s om e t i m e s s p e lt q u in ici n ] kw r
’
.
, ,

n I sm k w rn I s m n
’
- -
, .

q u i n i n e n a lk a l o i d [ a l.s o s o m e t im e s s p e l t q u i n i n ]
’
k ,
-
u ar ,

i c
ye ,cu r e ; b t h e , 0 t h i n 5 a z u r e , d s j oy ; Ss h oe , t s h ew ; c
to w h e n ; x) s in g ; u w h oe ve r , 1 r e act , 0 u ll , ou {c ol , 1 i t, 1 1 see ; f
0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e r1 a l. A b u t , a: d oor , s o no, 8 b ed, e e gat e :
 DICTI ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S 4
5]

m m ;
’ ’
in kw n in kw
' ’ ’
new ; k1 n 1 in ; kw l ni , i -
; kw r na ,
I- n o

kw m m
’
.

q in
u on e n . b e n z e n e d e r iv a t iv [ sy n on y m ou s cog n a t e k i n on e ]
kw
’ ’
kw i -
n on , l n oo n .

q u in oy l n .
q u i n on e ; r a d ic a l [a lso s pe l t q u i n oi l ; s y n ony m ou s
’
c og n a t e k in oy l e ] k w rn o I l -
.

q u i n s y n t o n s i lli t i s [ a
. l s o o r m e r l , s p e l t q u in s e y ; o r m e r , f y f
y
s y n on m ou s c og n a t e q u i n cy ; p l u r a l q u i n s i e s ]
’
kw m z r ; ( i m
p p
r o e r ly )
’
kw m s r .

q u i n t a i n n ( p os t t o b e t il t e d a t ; t ilt in g ) k w m t rn
’
. .

q u i n t a l n h u n d r e d w e ig h t ; on e h u n d r e d k il ogr a m s [ s y n on y
.

m ou s cog n a t e s k in t a l k e n t l e ] kw m t l , k w rn t ol
’ ’
.
,

q u i n t e s s e n ce n ( f i f t h e s s e n ce ; e ss e n t ia l ; pe r e ct e m b od i
. f
m e n t ) k w m t e sa n s ( a ls o, or m e r ly ) k w rn t r s an s
’ ’
, f -
.

q u in t et n . f
i v e p a r t pi e c e ; s e t of iv e s in ge r s , pla y e r s , rid e rs ,
-
f
[ a l s o s p e l t q u i n t e t t e q u in t e t t ] k w m t e t
’

et c .
, .

q u i n t u p l e a d j ( f i v e o l d )
’
k w i n t c p al
u -
. f .

qu i n z e n ca r d -
g a m e [ s n on m ou s cogn a t e q u in c e ] kw rn z ,
. y y
kze nz .

q u i p u n d e v ic e f or r e c or d in g e v e n t s b y m e an s of k n ot t e d
.

c or d s [ a l s o s p e l t q u i u ; s y n on ym ou s c og n a t e s q u i o, q u i pp p p
po] k ri pu , k w r p u
’ ’
- —
.

q u ir e n .
(tw e nt y f ou r
-
s he et s of p a pe r ) kw a re .

q u i t t e r n s or e . on t h e c or on e t of a h ors e
’
s h oo f [ a ls o sp e l t

q u i t t or ] k w l t oz
’
.

i t t e r n ( on e w h o q u it s ; s h ir k ) kw rt s z
'
q u . .

q u i v i v e p h r a s e ( i n on t h e q u i v iv e on t h e a l e rt ) k i v riv
* '
, .

Q u i x o t e n ( ob s ol e t e ) e n t h u s ia s t ic v isi on a r y li ke D on Q u ix
.

ot e [ a l s o f or m e r l y s p e l t Q u ix o t t e ] k w rk s ot
’
, , .

Q u i x o t e a dj ob s ol e t e ( q u ix ot i c ) k w rk s ot
’
. .

q u i x o t e v o b s o l e t e ( p l a.y t h e Q u ix o t e )
’
k w rk s ot .

q u i x o t i c a d j ( l i k e D o n Q u i x ot e ; v is ion a ry ) k w rk s ot xk
.
'
.

m ( i i h ) k k s a t rz a m
’
q u i x o t i s n q u x o t c c a r ac t e
. r e t c w r , .
-
.

q u i z n e c c e n. t r i c p e r s o n ; j e s t ; a c t o f q u i z z i n g [ a ls o f or m e r ,

l y s p e l t q u is ; p l u r a l q u iz z es ] k w rz
, .

q u i z n ( o r a
. l e x a m i n a t i o n ) k w r z .

q u i z z i c a l a d j ( l ik e a q u i z o r o d d .it y; c o m i ca l )
’
k w rz r-k
al .

q u o d n s l a n g .
( p r i s o n ) k w o d .

q u o i n n c o r n e r s t o. n e ; w e d g e ; a r c h s t o n e [ a ls o s om e t im e s , -
,

s p e l t c o in ] k e rn k w orn , .

q u o i t n ( d i s k : r
. i n g ; i n p l u r a l g a m e ) k w ort k ort , , .

q u o r u m n ( j u s t ic e s w h o
. s e p r e se n ce w a s n e ce s s a ry t o con s t i

t u t e a b e n c h : s e l e ct c om p a n y ; n u m b e r of m e m b e r s of a b od y

c: law fu r
, 9 : , a ca t , o b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow a : a s k or k it e ;
h ot , or , ,

l e n gt h m a r k -
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d rn g s ou n d 1 s l on g ;

st r e ss m a r k
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
st r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g syll ab l e .
4
52 DI CTIO NAR Y O F HARD WO R D S
wh os e p r e se n ce is n e ce ss a ry f or t h e v ali d t ra ns act ion of
b u si n e ss ) k w oz-z om
'
.

q u o t h v ( p r e t e r 1 t of q u e t h e , say ; sa id ) kw ooO
. .

i d i j ( d il
’
q u o t a n a d a y) k w o t rd i -ou . .

q u o t i e n t n ( r e su lt of di v idi ng ; n u m b e r of t i mes one num

.

b er is cont ain d in a n ot h e r) kw oc-S

’
an t .

ra b b e t n , v gr oov e ; sl ot [ al s o, f or m e r ly, sp e l t r ab bi t ] z a b rt
. .
'
.

r a b b i n m y mas t e r : a t it le of r e s pe ct ; J e w i sh d oct or of t he
.

la w ; J e w is h m in is t e r [ plural r ab bis ] z a b a r, z a b r
’ ’
-
.

r ab b in n J e w is h d oct or of t h e la w s ; rab b i [plural rab b ins,

.

r a bb i n ] z ze b m
'
.

r ab b it n ( h are ; We l sh r ab b it ) z ze b xt
’
. .

r a b b on i n ( m y g re a t m as t e r : a t i tl e of h onor a mong t he
.

J e w s ) z o b oo-m ’
.

R a b e l a i s i a n a dj ( of R a b e l a is ) z te b r l e e son , se b xl e e -z i-on
' ’
-
. .

r a b i d a dj ( fu r iou s ; m a d ) z ae b i d
’
. .

( ca n in e m a d n e s s ; hy d r op h ob ia ) z e e bi i :z , z a bi
’
r ab ies
'
n .
- -

i zz ; ( l e s s p r op e r ly ) z ze b rz
’
.

ka
'
r a c a a dj ( w o
.r t h l e s s ; n a u h
g t)
'
z a z- k a , z e e - .

r a cem e n ( a f or m of i n f lor e sc e n ce i n w hich t he flow e rs are

.

ar ra n g e d lik e g r a p e s i n a c l u s t e r ) z a s ri m , z ze s rim , z sz-si m

' ' ’
.

r a c e m i c a dj f ) m mi k
’
i
’
( o r
g p a e s z.a s e xk z o s 1 -
, .

r a c e m os e a dj ( a r ra n g e d i n
. a r ace m e ; r a ce m e-l ike
; r ac e
’
m ou s ) z ze s r- m os .

r a c e m ou s a dj m -m
i-mas
’ '
) i m
'
( r a c e o se . z a
e s x o s z o s r -
e s ,
, sz s r .

r a ch e n h u n t in g d og w h ich pu rsu e s it s pr e y b y sce n t [ a lso

.
-

s p e l t r a t c h ] z ee t S .

( d ial e c ta l ) st r e a k d ow n a h orse s f ace [also spe lt

’
r a ch e n .

r a tch ] z e e t S , cast s .

r a ch i d e s n (p l l f hi ) k d iz
’
u r a o . r a c s z e e -
r-
.

r a ch i l l a n l it t le r a c h is [ a l s o s p e lt r h a ch ill a ] z a k xl a
.
’
.

r a c h i s n a x i s , e t c [ a l s o sp e l t r h ach is ; pl u r a l r a c hid es ]
'
. . z ee
k rs .

’
r a ch i t i s n ( r ic k e t.s ) z e k s r t
- rs
.

- i- l -si-ol
S,
’
r a c i a l a dj f li S ,
’ ’
( o race . o r n e a g )
e z e e - al z e e o z e e .

b at ; ga m ; s ow s oe [ a l s o spe lt r aq u e t, r acq u e t ]
r a ck e t n - h
. e n
'
z ze k rt .

n ois e [ a l s o, f or m e rly s p e l t r a cq u e t ] sa k rt
’
r a ck e t n .
, .

(
’
r a c on t e u r n t o y t e ll e r ) z aek on t s zz
-
s r . .

r a c o o n n q u a d ru pe d [ a ls o s p e l t r a cc oon ] z a k uu n , z a
’ ’
. e k uu u .

i ye c cu r e ; b t h e , e t h in ; 5 a z u r e , d 3 j oy ;
, s h oe , t Sc he w ;
w w h e n ; n s 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , i r e a ct , o f u ll , ou ool , r i t , 1 i se e ;
o p oe t 1c ; q ov e r , e a e r1a 1, A b u t , a: d oor, s o n o, e b e d , cc gat e ;
54
4 DI CT I ON ARY O F H ARD WORD S
R am a d a n n n in t h m onth of t h e M oha mm eda n y e ar [ syn
.

on y m ou s cog n a t e R a m az a n ] m m o d a zn , r a mo da n
’ ’
.

r am b u t a n n f ru it [ a ls o spe lt r amb ootan ] z z m b uu-t an

.
'
.

r am ek in n We ls h rab b i t [ a lso spe lt ram eq u in ; sy n ony mous

.

c ogn a t e s r a m a k in , ra m a q u in ] z aam r-k m

’
.

r am en t n ( s cra p in g ; r a m e n t u m ) z e e m a nt , z c me nt , z a m ant
’ ’ ’
.
-
.

R a m e s s i d n m e m b e r of t h e Egy pt ia n royal f a m ily d u ring

.

t h e n i n e t e e n t h a n d t w e n ti e t h dy nas t ies [ syn on y m ous cog

n a t e s R a m e ss id e , R a m e s id e ] z a m o-s rd
'
.

R a m e s s i d e n azam i -srd , z azm r-sa rd sa m e me an i n g as R a

’ ’
. .

m es s id .

r a m i e n gr a s s [ a l s o s p e l t r a m ee ]
’
z a mi , m m i
’
-
. .

r a m o s e a dj ( b ran chin g ) z a m oos, z e moos, ( ass umpt ivly) z e e

’ ’ ’
.

m os .

r am p a ge v ( g i d m
’
ra e w .ldl y; s t o r m ) sa m p e e s,
’
za p h
- et .

r am p a ge n ( st a t e of e xcit e m e n t ; rus hin g ab ou t in a r eck less

.

a n d v i ol e n t m a n n e r ) e m -p e d s z a m p e e ds
’ ’
za , .

r a m p a l l i on n ( ob s ol e’ t e ) ru ffia n , v illai n, scoun d rel [ also

.

s p e lt r a m p a ll ia n ] z aem pa e l ion .

r a m p ir e n r a m pa rt [ a ls o sp e lt r a mp ier ] z z m-ps rs
’
. .

r a n ch n h u t ; st ock- f a r m [ a l so sp e lt ra nch e ] s e nt s , z aznt S

.
.

( in B r i t a in s o m e t ime s ) z a zn s , .

r a n ch e r o n ( h m ) S S
’ ’
r a n c a n. z ae n t e z-
z o z a n t e z -zo .
,

r a n ch o n i S , a t So
’
(
’
h u t
.
; v ll a g ;e r a n c h ) z a en t o r zn -
.

g r u d g e a n im os it y [ a l s o s p e lt r an cou r] m kas
’
r a n c or n .
, .

r a n c or o u s a dj ( f u ll o f r a n c o .r )
’
z ae n k a -
za s .

( r iot ou s b e h a v i or ) z ae n dte n z a n dan

'
r a n d an n
’
. , .

r a n d an n ( b oa t ) z ae n dze n z ae n d s n
’ ’
. .
,

r a n i n e a dj of t h e u n d e r s id e of t h e t ip of t h e t on gu e ; al so.
.

of f r og s [ a l s o, s om e t im e s , s p e l t r a n in ] z e e -n xn , e e e - n a rn
’ ’
.

'
r a n s a ck ( s e a r ch , e t c ) z a n saek ; ( err on eously ) s e n
- ’
v n ., . .

e k t , z aem - sa ek
’ ’
s ze k t z a,e n sa .

r a n s a c k e d a dj s e a r ch t i n t o ; pl u n d e r d [ a l s o spe lt ra n s ac k t ]
.

z ze n -sr kt ; ( e r r on e o us ly )
' ' ’
z ze n -sa e k t rd z aan sa kt xd , .

r a n s om v re d e e m . etc [ p as t p a rt rcrp l e a n d p re t e r rt ran

, .

’
s om e d r an som d ]
, za e n s om .

r a n st e a d n t oa d f l a x [ a l so s p e l t r a n s t e d ] z e n -s t e d
’
-
. .

r a p a c i o u s a dj (g i Sas
’
r as p g; gn r e e
. d y; r a p t o r i a l ) z a p e e -
.

s u t u r e [ pl ur a l r a p h a e ] z e e f r z e e -i i
’ '
rap h e n se a m
.
,
-
, .

r ap h is n c r y s t a l [ pl u r a l r a p h i d e s ] z e e f rs
'
-
. .

( s w or d ) z e e pi oz , z e e pcoz
’
r ap i er n
’
- - -
. .

p il la ge [ a ls o, s om e ti m e s s p e l t r ap in ] z aep m , zu
'
r a p in e n
’
. ,

pa i n .

j ye ,c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h i n ; 5 a u r e , d 3 j oy ; s hoe , t sc h ew ;
z

w w h e n ; r] s 1n g ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a c t , u u ll , ou ool , r i t , I i s ee ;
.

f
o p oe t i c ; c ov e r , e a e ri al , A b u t , a : d oor, s o n o, e b e d, e e gat e ;
 DICTION ARY O F HARD WORD S 4
55

r ap p or t n. ( accor d ) zs
'
pozz ,
'
z aa p ozz ; ( l e ss r o p p e r ly ) za
e
’
p ozz t .

r a pp r o ch e m e n t n. (a c om in g or b r i n gin g t oge t h e r ) za

Sm on
'
p s oo -
.

sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s r a bb i t ( 1 n t h e s e n s e o f
’
r a r eb i t n z e zz -b i t . .

We ls h r a b b it) .

r a r e f a c t i on n ( a ct ion of r a r e fy in g ; p roce ss of b e in g ra r i
.

'
f ie d ) z r z r fae k S ekS
’
an z e z z 1 fe on ,
-
.

( m i ) f far
’ '
r ar ef y v a k e . ra r e o r t h n z a e z r -
a r z e z-
e x-
, .

r a rit y n ( t h i n n
. e ss ; f e w n e ss ; r a r e t h i n g)
'
z w z x t x ,
’
z e z-
z x-
tr -
.

'
r a s ca l n ( g , m p)
’
r o u .e s ca z ze s k o l z a z-
sks l , .

r a so v ( sla sh ; s cra p e of f ; s h a v e ; e r a s e ) z e e z com pa r e r a z e

. . .

r a s or i a l a dj ( s c r a t c h i n .
g t h e g r o u n d f o r f o o d ) z e
’
s o z-z i
ol ; -

( l e s s p r o p e r l y) z a
’
z o z a i -
al -

r a sp v s cr a p e , a b r a d e ; i r r i t a t e [ p a st pa rt rc rpl e a n d p r e t e r i t
.

r a s p e d r as pt ] z a zs p z a zs p z ze zs p
, , , .

r a sp b e r r y n f
( u ; p
r i t l a. n t)
’
z e e z -b
ez r
'
za z -
bo , z a
z r
'
zz -
b oz r, ,

f ’
( o t e n ) z ze z b z r ; ( a ls o) z ze s b e z r z a zs b e z r
’
-
'
,
-
.

( i
’
r a sse n c v. e t -
ca t ) za e s r, z aes .

r a t a b l e a dj ca p a b l e of b e i n g r a t e d ; p r op or t i on a l ; l i a b l e t o
.

p a y m e n t o f r a t e s [ a l s o sp e t r l a t e a l ]
b e
'
z e e - a - b ol
t .

r a t a b l y a dj i n a r at a b l e m a n n e r ; p r op ort ion a lly [ a l s o s p e lt

.

r a t e a b l y ] z e e - t o- b l r
’
.

( i l k ry ) z t a r e f
’
r at af ia n c o r d a. ; c a e ; c h e r e
e i-
.

z a t aen i s sa m e m e a n 1 n g a s r a t a ny
’
r at an h ia n .
-
. .

r at any n s h r u b ; r oot [ a l s o s p e l t r h a t a n y
. r a tt a n y, r a t a n hy ,

s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e r a t a n h i a ]
’
z aet a u r -
.

'
d u b ) z aet a p u e n , z aet a p a ot)
’
r at aplan n (t ta t o o .r u b a -
,
-
.

-w h e e l
r a t ch n ( r a t c
. h e t ; r a t c h e t ) e as t S .

r a t h a dj z a ze z a zb. s a m e m e a n 1 n g a s r a t he
, .

r ath n ( h i.l l -
f ort ) z a z9 , z aez9 .

r a t h e a dj e a r l y [ s y n on y m ou s cog n a t e r a t h ] z e eb
. .

r a t h er a dv ( e a r l ie r ; m or e r e a d ily ; s om e w h a t ; s oon e r ;
.

p r e fe r a b ly ) z a z bs z
’
( w h e n l e s s s t r e s t ) z uboz . aeb ae ; ( a ls o,
'
-
,

f
o ten )
'
z azb oz ,
’
z a z b oz ; ( di a l e c t a lly ) z a b ez
-
’
.

i S S
’ '
r atio n (q u a .n t t a t i v r e l a t i o n ) z e e -
o, z e e i-
o -
.

’
r a t i oci n a t e v ( r e a s on ) z ae Si os r n e t
.
—
.

( a ll ow a n ce s h a r e p or t ion ) z e e Sa n e an
’ ’
r a t i on n . , ,
-
, .

r a t i o n a l a dj ( e n d ow d w it h re as on : s a n e ; of r e a s on ) e a
’
.

nl .

r a t i on a l e n ( r e a s on d e x pl a n at ion of ’ p r in cip le s ; r a t ion a l

.

b a s is ) z ae S o n e e h ; ( l e s s p r ope r ly ) z aeS i o nee lr

'
- - -
.

r a t i o n a l i z a t i on [ a l s o sp e l t r a t i on a lis a t ion ] z aeSa n l r z e e

’
n .
-

S Son
'
S a n z ae
,
o n l a r z e e - -
.

c: l aw fur
, a: , a: c a t , o h ot
b oy ; a : f a r , n o n ow , a : a s k o r ki t e
, or ,
°

l e n gt h m a r k -
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e c e d rn g s ou n d r s l on g
s t r e s s - ma r k 1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1e f
s t r e ss on t h e f oll ow rn g sy lla b l e .
4
56 D I CTI ON A RY O F HARD W ORD S

S anl-e rz ,
'
ra t i on a l i z e v [ al so . ] sp e lt ( r apidly)
r a ti on al is e ez

za S
’
N o-l a rz .

r a t i t e a dj ( r a t -
b r e as t e d )
.
’
z e e -
t s rf
t ,
’
s e -t axt .

[ a ls o sp e lt r a tlin e ] eaet u n
’
r at l in n . .

'
r a t t a n n p a lm ; s w it ch [ a l so s pe l t r a t a n ] z a tz n
. .

r a t t e en n . f
a b ric [ a l s o sp e l t r a t een ] z a t rin
’
.

r a t [ a l s o sp e l t r ot t e n , r a tt a n ]
'
r a t t on n . ez t n .

( h oars e ; h a s h ) e kas
'
r a u c ou s a dj r . z z-
.

r avel v f
r a y ou t ; u n w in d ; e n t a n g le , con us e ; also , dise n t an
. f
gl e , u n r a v e l [ p r e s e n t pa rt rc rp le r av el in g, r a v ell i n g ; past por
t xc rp l e a n d p r e t e r i t r av e l e d, r av e ll e d, r av e l d ] sz vol , m l
’ ’
.

'
r a vel i n n ( ou t w ork ) z ze v l rn . .

r a v el in g n a c t ion o f t h e v e rb rav e l ; t h r e a d w hich i s f rayd

.

o tu o r u n r a v e l d [ a l s o sp e l t r av e l l in g]
’
z z va -i ro,
'
m l -r
n;
p
( r a i d ly o t e n ) z z l r)
’
f .

' ’
r a v en n ( b i r d ) z e e
.
-v a n , z e e -v n .

r a v e n v p lu n d e r ; h a v e a r a v e n ou s a ppe t it e f or ; prow l rav e

.

y
n ou sly [ sy n on m ou s c og n a t e r av in ; p a s t pa rt rcrpl e a n d p re t

e r 1 t r av e n e d r a v e n d ] z aev on , z a
’ '
e vn .

i i ) m
’
r a v e n i n g a dj ( t h a t r a v e n s ; r a p .ac o us ; v o ra c o us z se v o-u
,

z ze v n m ; ( r a id ly , s o m e t i m e s ) ev nm
p
' ’
-
za .

’ ’
r a v e n o u s a dj ( v e r y h u n g y)
r z ae
. v e -n o
s , sz v n -as
; ( rapidly,
s o m e tim e s )
’
z aev n a s .

r avi n n r ob b e r y ; r a pin [ a ls o s pe l t r a v in e ; syn onym ous cog

.

m
’
n a t e r a v en ] zr v .

( gorge ) z o v xin
’
r a v in e n. .

ra ya n . n on - M oh a m m e d a n s u b e ct j of t h e Sult an of T urkey
j
' ’
[ a l s o s p e lt r a y a h, r a ia h ] z ai a, -
z a z- a .

r a ya t n .
'
ra i -
s t. sa m e m e a n 1ng a s r y ot.

r az e v . sw e e p a w ay ; d e s t r oy [ a l s o s p e l t r as e ] z est .

p e dg e d i n s t ru m e n t )
'
r a z or n .
(s h a r -
z e e -z az .
r e n .
( n ot e ) z e e .

r e n .
( m a t t e r a ff a ir) , z ri.

r e a ch v . st r e t ch ou t ; e xt e n d , e t c. [ p as t part rcrpl e an d pr e t e
r 1t r e a ch e d, r each t ] e xit s , (w h en u n s tr e s t ) z it S .

r e a ct v .
( a ct in r e tu r n ; u n d e rg o ch a n ge ; a ct in op pos it ion ;
) z i aek t .
’
r e v e rs e , r e t u r n
r e a ct v . a ct a s e con d t i m e ; p e r or m aga in f [ a ls o sp e l t r e -ac t ]
zi r kt z ri ze k t .
' ’
,

r ea d v .
( d iscov er t h e m e an i n g ; scan ) z rid , ( w he n u n s tr es t )
r id .

r ea d v. p ast pa rt rcrpl e a nd p r e t e r 1t of r e ad [ also sp e l t re d ]

j c cu r e ; b t he 0t h in ; 5 a z u re , d 5 j oy ; Ss hoe , t Sc he w ;
ye . .

w w h e y ; 1] s 1 n y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a ct , 0 u l l , ou ool , I i t , xi se e ;
.

f f
0 poe t i c ; a ov e r, e a e n al, A b u t , 0: d oor , s o n o, e b e d, cc gat e ;
 4
58 DICTIO N A RY O F H ARD W ORD S

r e ce i p t n .
( f or m u la ; r e cipe ; su m re ce iv d , e t c. ; act of te

ce iv in g ) z x s xi t
’
.

h a n d or i n t o on e s p osse ssi on ; ad
’
in
’
r e ce i v e v . t a ke on e s
m it ; m e e t [ p ast pa r t rcrp le a n d pr e t e r rt r ecei v e d, re ceivd]
’

z x s xi v
’
.

cri t ica l r e v isi on S

'
r e c e n s i on n .
( e n u m e r a t ion ; ) z xse n an .

r e ce n t a dj ( l a t e ly d on e or m a d e ; re sh ) z ri-se n t
. f '
.

( p i y) kal
’
r e c e p t a cl e n r e o s t o r z r se
.
p t a -
.

’
r e c e p t i b l e a dj ( r e c e i v a b l e ) z x s e p t a
.
-
b al .

r e ce p t i v i t y n ( q u a lit y of b e in g re ce pt iv ) s is e p t m t t
’
o
. .

r e ce s s n ( a ct of r e t ir in g ; pe r iod of ce s s at ion ; re t ired pla ce ;

.

n ich e ) e r s e s ; ( l e ss
’
r o er ly )
'
z xi -s e s p p .

r e c h e r c h e a dj i d i S S
’
( c h o c e , r a re , a n.t y) z a e zz - e
.

r e ci d i v e n r e cid iv is t [ a l s o s pe l t r e ci d iv ] z e s r-d x
’
. v .

r e ci d i v i s t it ( on e w h o r e la p se s , e spe cially i nt o cri me ) e x

.

s i d r-v xs t
'
.

r e ci p e n ( o r m
. u l a ; r ef c e i p )
t
’
z e s x - i
p .

r e ci p r oc i t y n ( s t a t e of b e in g re cipr oca l ; m u tual con cefi on,

’
.

ct c .
) z e sr p s e s r t .
- r

r e ci t a l n .
( r e h e arsa l , n a rr a t iv ; m us ica l pe r f or ma n ce b y one
’ ’
p e r s on ) z r s a r— t l , z r s a I - t al .

r e ci t a t i on n r e s r t e e S an .
( p o s t e r io r ly, r
’
a p i d ly)
-
z es t e
, e S
- an
'
.

r e ci t a t i v e n ( d e c l a m a t ory s on g
. i n t e rm e d iat e b e t w ee n s ing ,

in g a n d or di n a r y s p e e c h ) z e s rt a t xiv
’
.

r e ci t a t i v e v ( d e cl a im i n r e cit a t iv e ) e e s rt a t riv
’
. .

r e c i t a t i v e a dj of r e ci t a l or r e p e t it ion [ al s o s p e l t r e ci t at iv ]
.

( a l s o) z x s xt a t rv ( a s s u m pt iv ly ) z xs rt at rv
’ ’ '
e e s r- t c t xv ; -
, .

r e ck v t a k e h e e d ; m in d ; ca r e [ p a s t p a rt rc rpl e a n d pr e t e rrt
.

r e e ke d r e ck t ] z e k
,
.

r e c k on v c ou n t ; ca lcu l a t e [ p a s t p a r t rcrp l e a n d pr e t e r rt r e ck
.

o n e d, r e c k o n d ] z e k an , z e k n e e k n
' ’
.
,

z e ko n m
' ’
z e kn n) zea
’
r e c k on i n g n .
-
J
-
, , .

r e c l a m a t i on n ( p r ot e st ; r e f or m a t ion ; r e cl a iming ; claim )

.

z e k a o m e c- S
’
an .

r e c l i n a t e a dj ( b e n d i n g d o w n
. w a r d )
'
z e k L r -
net .

r e c l u s e it ( on e w h o r e m a i n s s hu t u p f r om t h e w orld ; m onk)
.

'
z x k L ou s .

r e c o g n i z a b l e a dj c a p a b l e of b e in g r e c ogn iz e d [ a l s o sp e l t r e
.

c ogn is a b l e ] z e k og n a I z a b ol ( m
’
i y) k
’
- -
a s s u p t v l z e o g -n
-
a r-
z ab al ;
,

( ) m l ( m i y)
- z ob ol
( a ls o)
’ ’
a l s o z r k e g z o -
b o , a s s u p t v l z x k o g n x ;
z e k og n a I z o b a l
’
- -
.

r e c og n i z a n c e n b on d ; r e cogn it ion ; t ok e n [ a l s o s p e lt r e cog

.

n is a n ce ] z x k e g n x- z a n s z r k e m - z a n s
’ ’
.
,

j ye , c cu r e ; b t h e , 9 t h in ; 3 a z u re , d 3 j oy ; Ss h oe , t Sc h e w :
11) w h e n ; n s w y ; u w h oe v e r , 1 r e a c t , 0 u ll , ou ool I i t , I i se e ;
.

f f ,

0 p oe t ic ; a ov e r , e a e ri a l , A b u t , a : d oor , s o n o, 8 b e d , c c gat e ;
 DIC T ION A R Y O F HARD WORD S 4
59

r e c og n iz e v l e d ge ; k n ow a ga i n [ a l s o s p e l t r e c ogn is e ]
. a ck n ow
’
z e k ag n a t z ; ( im r o e r ly )
-
'
z eka na t z p p -
.

g n iz e ] z i k e g
'
r e c og n i z e v cogn iz e a gai n . [ a l s o s p e l t re -c o

n a rz , s i- k e g n tu z
’
.

h
’
r e cog n i z e r n ( o n e w o r.e c o g n i z e s ) z e k o g
-n
a I -z
az .

r e c og n i z o r n ob s ol e t e ( on e w h o e n t e r s in t o a r e cog n iz a n ce
.

'
or b on d ) Z l k e g n I z az , z x k e n I z oz
’
- -
.

r e c ol l e c t v c oll e ct a ga in ;
. su m m on up ; r a l ly [ a l s o s pe lt
r e -col l e c t ] s i k a l e k t , z i k a l e k t
’ ’
-
.

r e c ol l e c t v ( r e m e m b e r, r e cal l ) e e k o l e k t
’
. .

R e c ol l e c t n ( m e m b e r of t h e O b s e rv a n t in b ran ch of t h e
.

Fra n cisca n or d e r ) z e k a- l e k t
’
.

r e c o l or v [ a l s o s p e l t r e col our ] z i k A Ioz

’
. .

r e c o m p e n s e v r e w a rd ; c om p e n s a t e [ a l s o, . or m e rly , s p e l t r e f
c om pe n ce ; p a s t p a rt rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r i t r ecom e n s e d , r e c om p
pe n s t ] z e k om p e n s
’
-
.

r e c o n c i l a b l e a dj ca p a b le o f b e i n g r e con cil e d [ a l s o s p e lt r e
.

( s om e t im es, pr e d ica tiv ly)

'
c on c il ea b l e ] z e k a n -sa I - l a-b al ,

z e k on s a r l a b al
’
— -
.

r e c o n c i l i a b l e a dj ( i l bl ) k l i o al
- -b
’
r e c o n c a e z e . a n s r .

r e c o n d i t e a dj ( h id d e n : p r o
. o u n d , o b s c u r e )
'
z e k a n f
-d
a xt , s r
'
k e n d 1 t , e t k o n d a xt
’
-
.

r e c on n a i s s a n c e n e x a m in a t i on , s u rv e y .
[ sy n on y m ou s ce g
n a t e r e c on n a is s a n c e ] z t k e n I s a n s
’
-
.

s a m e m e an
’
r e c on n oi s s a n c e n z x k e n x s on s , z e k a n e r-s an s
’
-
. .

1 n g a s r e c on n a i s s a n c e .

r e c on n o i t e r v i n s pe ct , e xa m i n , su rv e y [ a l s o sp e l t r e con n oi
.

t r e ; p a s t p a r t rc rp l e a n d p r e t e r rt r e c on n oi t er e d , r econ n oi
t e r d l z e k a n e r t az ; ( l es s
’ ’
r o e r ly ) z ik a n e r- t az
—
p p .

r e c or d n ( f a ct o f b e in g w r it t e n d ow n or p re s e rv d a s k n ow
.

le d ge t e s t i m on y ; w it n e ss ; r e g is t e r ) z ek oz d , ( a l s o, or m er
' ’
f
ly ) e x k e zz d .

r e -c or d v ( c or d a ga in ) z i k e zz d
’
. .

r e c or d v ( p r a ct is a s on g ; r e l a t e i n w ri t in g ; r e gis t e r ; n ot e )
.

z r k ozz d
’
.

( r e la t e , n arra t e , t e ll ) e t koon t
’
r e c ou n t v . .

r e -c o u n t v ( cou n t ov e r a ga in ) z i koon t
'
. .

( d e d u ct ; r e com p e n s e ; m a k e g ood t o) e t k ou p
’
r e c ou p v . .

r e c ou r s e n ( r e s or t f or h e l p e t c ; r igh t t o d e m a n d com pe n
.
, .

s a t i o n ) z x
’
k o zz s ; ( ssl e r o e r ly)
’
z x i -
k ozz s p p .

( ge t b a ck ; r e g a in ) z r ka v az
'
r e c ov e r v . .

[ a l s o s p e lt r e-cov e r ] z i k a v oz
'
r e c o v e r v co v e r a n e w . .

r e c ov e r a b l e a d j z t k A v az o b a l
’
.
'
( ra id ly ) e r k a v z o b ol -
, p -
.

c: la w , fu ra: ,
ae c a t , 0 h ot , or b oy ; a : f a r , 00 n ow , 3 : a sk , a t k it e ;
l e n gt h m a r k
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s t h a t t h e p r e ce d 1 n g s ou n d
. rs l on g ;
s t r e s s m a rk
-
1 n d 1 ca t e s ch 1 e f
st r e s s on t h e f ol l ow rn g syll ab le .
4
60 DIC T IO NA RY o r HA RD w oao s

l
'
r e c ov e r y n .
( a ct of re cov e r i ng or re ga in ing, etc .
) z x uw o-z l .

(r ap id ly )
’
z xka v z x.

r e cr e a n j (
t ad .
; f a l se ) s e k
su rre n de r in g ;
s i-a n tcow ar dly
’
.

( i m ; d e ) e
i k i
’
r e cr e a t e v re v v e ; a u
. s e v rt e s -
et .

r e -c r e a t e v [ a ls o spe lt r e cr e a t e ] s i ks i e et
’
cr e a t e a n e w .
- .

r e cr e a t i on n i i San
’
(d v e r s i on ) e z k s .e e -
.

r e -c r e a t i on n i S
’
( cr e a t i o n a n e w ) z -
k s i c e - an .

r e c r e a t i v e a dj t e n d in g t o r ecre at e ; a m u sin g [ al s o sp el t rec

.

’
r e a t iv ] z e ks i - e t xv .

r e -c r e a t i v e a dj (t t w ) i k i
’
. h a c r e a t e s a n e z s c e --
t rv .

r e cr i m ( i n v olv in g r e cri m in ati on ) z r ks rm ma

’
i n a t or y a dj .

t ae r .

i t v ( r e i n f orce ; r e pl e nis h ; re st or e ) z r ks u u t
'
r e cr u . .

i h l i
’
r e c t i l i n e a r a dj ( s t r a i g h t - l i n e d ; s t r a .
g ) t z e ct r l rn -as .

-t u d
i k ; ( d i a l e c t ally)
’
r e ct i t u d e n ( s t ra i g h t n e.ss ; v r t u e ) z e t r c
t ud
’
ze k t I -
.

( ru l e r ; p a rs on ; h e a d ) z e 'k t oz
’
r e ct or n . .

r e ct r i c e s n l f k -s iz
(p l u r.a o r e c t r ix ) z e t g a I .

r e c t r i x n t a il - f e a t h e r [ p l u r a l r e c t r i c e s ] z e k t x
’
. rks .

’
r e cu p e r a t e v ( r e c o v e r ; r e s t o r e ) z r k c u u -
p z et
a -
.

r e c u r r e n t a dj ( e xt e n d in g b ackw ar d ; r e appe ar in g) z r k az ant ,

’
.

z r lm z an t
'
.

’
z e k cu z a n - s r, z xk cuu -z an -s r
’
r e c u s a n cy n . .