Gaza’s Torment

Michael Nenonen
January 13, 2009
While watching Israel’s invasion of the Gaza Strip, it’s easy to forget that Israel, as an occupying
power, has a responsibility under international law to ensure the safety and well-being of Gaza’s
population. Israel and its apologists argue that Israel ended its occupation of Gaza in 2005, but they’re
mistaken.
A 2008 Oxfam report entitled The Gaza Strip: A Humanitarian Implosion argues that “The contention
by Israeli officials that Israel is no longer bound by the laws of occupation since it redeployed its forces
to the perimeter of the Gaza Strip in 2005 is a fallacy. Israel retains effective control of the Gaza Strip,
by virtue of the full control it exercises over the Gaza Strip's land border, its air space and territorial
waters, and the movement of people and goods. Hence, the Israeli authorities are bound by their
obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law to ensure the welfare of the
Palestinian population in the OPT (Occupied Palestinian Territories).”
This position is echoed by John Dugard, the United Nation’s Special Rapporteur on the Situation of
Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Since 1967, whose 2008 report states: “The test for
determining whether a territory is occupied under international law is effective control, and not the
permanent physical presence of the occupying Power's military forces in the territory in question.
Judged by this test it is clear that Israel remains the occupying Power as technological developments
have made it possible for Israel to assert control over the people of Gaza without a permanent military
presence.”
While Dugard condemns Hamas’ rocket attacks, he qualifies this condemnation by highlighting their
geopolitical context: “Common sense…dictates that a distinction must be drawn between acts of
mindless terror, such as acts committed by Al Qaeda, and acts committed in the course of a war of
national liberation against colonialism, apartheid or military occupation. While such acts cannot be
justified, they must be understood as being a painful but inevitable consequence of colonialism,
apartheid or occupation.” Dugan makes a crucial point: the occupation, and not the resistance to it, is
the fundamental source of all the violence between Israel and the Palestinians.
Israel presents itself as being the innocent victim of terrorist attacks, but it’s clear that Israelis have
inflicted far more violence upon Palestinians than the Palestinians have inflicted upon them. Dugan
writes that in the two years prior to his report, Israeli security forces killed 668 Palestinians in Gaza. Of
this number, 359 were not involved in hostilities when they were killed, and 126 were minors. During
the same period, Gaza’s forces were responsible for killing four Israeli civilians and four members of
the Israeli Security Forces, for a ratio of Palestinian to Israeli deaths of about 83 to 1.
Dugan also addresses the situation in the West Bank under the submissive Fatah government. What has
Fatah’s willingness to work with Israel done for the Palestinians of the West Bank? “Unfortunately,
Israel has not taken steps to dismantle the infrastructure of occupation. On the contrary, it has
maintained and expanded the instruments that most seriously violate human rights - military incursions,
settlements, the separation wall, restrictions on freedom of movement, the Judaization of Jerusalem and
the demolition of houses.” In light of its abuses in the West Bank, Israel has provided no incentive
whatsoever for Hamas to stop its attacks. Even so, Hamas respected the most recent ceasefire until
November 4, 2008, when, as reported the next day by the Guardian Newspaper, Israeli forces broke the
ceasefire by entering the Gaza Strip and killing six Hamas gunmen.
Dugard outlines the brutality of the Israeli occupation: “It is highly arguable that Israel has violated the
most fundamental rules of international humanitarian law…These crimes include direct attacks against
civilians and civilian objects, and attacks which fail to distinguish between military targets and civilians
and civilian objects…the excessive use of force arising from disproportionate attacks on civilians and
civilian objects…and the spreading of terror among the civilian population.”
It’s hard to fully grasp Gaza’s torment. The 2008 Oxfam report reveals that 80% of families in Gaza
rely on humanitarian aid, an increase from 63% in 2006. Between June and September 2007, the
number of households in Gaza earning less than $1.2 a day per person increased from 55% to 70%. In
2004, households in Gaza spent an average of 37% of their income on food; by 2007, that figure had
increased to 62%. Unemployment in Gaza was reported to be at 40%, and was expected to rise to 50%,
giving Gaza the world’s worst unemployment problem. Ninety-five percent of factories in Gaza have
shut down because Israel blocks raw materials from entering the Strip as well as exports from leaving
it.
Because of Israeli-imposed fuel and electricity restrictions, Gaza hospitals have been experiencing
power cuts for 8-12 hours a day, forcing them to rely on generators to run basic health facilities and
critical surgical operations and procedures. Those generators, however, rely on diesel and often need
spare parts, both of which are in very short supply. Hospitals are incapable of getting needed supplies
and equipment, and Israel regularly refuses to allow patients to be referred to Israel’s hospitals. The
World Health Organization reports that between October and December 2007 alone, 20 patients died
because they were unable to leave Gaza, including five children.
Children make up 56% of Gaza’s population, and their situation is truly hellish. In her January 9-11,
2009 Counterpunch article, Livni’s Big Lie, Ranni Amiri writes, “Even before the military campaign
commenced, 75 percent of Gaza’s children were malnourished, 46 percent anaemic and 30 percent
suffered from stunted growth.” Research conducted in 2002 by the Gaza Community Mental Health
Program found that 54 percent of Palestinian children in areas subjected to Israeli bombardment
suffered from severe, and 33.5 percent from moderate, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Similarly, research by Samir Quota, PhD and Eyad El Sarraj, MD that was published in the April-May-
June 2004 issue of Arabpsynet Journal found that approximately 82% of Gaza’s children were suffering
from symptoms of PTSD. Around 33% of these children displayed symptoms of acute PTSD requiring
psychological intervention. A September 2007 survey conducted in Gaza by the United Nations Relief
and Works Agency (UNRWA) found that there was a nearly 80% failure rate for children in grades four
to nine, and a nearly 90% failure rate in Mathematics.
Again, these figures all predate the invasion, which, as of January 13, has taken the lives of over 900
Palestinians, destroyed countless buildings, and caused damage to Gaza’s infrastructure that will take
decades to repair. Throughout the invasion, Israeli forces have acted without moral restraint.
On January 8, Amnesty International reported that Israeli soldiers were using Palestinian civilians as
human shields: “Our sources in Gaza report that Israeli soldiers have entered and taken up positions in
a number of Palestinian homes, forcing families to stay in a ground floor room while they use the rest
of their house as a military base and sniper position…This clearly increases the risk to the Palestinian
families concerned and means they are effectively being used as human shields.”
There is ample evidence, despite Israel’s denials, that Israeli forces have dropped white phosphorous on
heavily populated civilian areas, eliciting criticism from even Human Rights Watch, an organization
that has historically been unduly biased in favour of Israel.
The Red Cross has reported that Israeli forces appear to have targeted ambulances, and that Israeli
forces have actively prevented aid workers from reaching the site of a deadly bombing. On January 8,
Democracy Now reported that “The Red Cross says Israel barred aid workers for four days from
reaching victims in the neighbourhood of Zeitoun. Israeli soldiers reportedly tried to chase the rescue
workers away. When they finally arrived, the workers found fifteen bodies, along with several children
still barely alive. The children were lying next to their dead mothers.”
Israeli forces have attacked clearly-marked UN buildings, including a school in Jabalya sheltering
hundreds of terrified Palestinians. Israel initially claimed that this attack, which killed over 40
Palestinians, was in response to gunfire from militants in the school, but, as UNRWA spokesperson
Chris Guness reported, “I’ve been authorized to say that the Israeli army, in private briefings with
diplomats, is admitting that the firing that came out of Jabalya yesterday, the militant fire, was not from
within the UNRWA school compound, it was from outside the UNRWA school compound. This is a
crucial distinction, because serious allegations have been made against UNRWA that the militants were
firing from within. In fact, those allegations are baseless."
I rarely agree with the Vatican, but I think that Vatican Justice and Peace Minister Cardinal Renato
Martino was correct when he said, “let’s look at the conditions in Gaza: these increasingly resemble a
big concentration camp.”
The concentration camp analogy is more appropriate than the more familiar Bantustan comparison. In
The Shock Doctrine (2007), Naomi Klein writes that “South Africa’s Bantustans were essentially work
camps, a way to keep African labourers under tight surveillance and control so they would work
cheaply in the mines. What Israel has constructed is a system designed to do the opposite: to keep
workers from working, a network of open holding pens for millions of people who have been
categorized as surplus humanity.”
To understand Israel’s relationship with the Occupied Territories, we need to understand the changes in
Israel’s economy since the late 1980s, when Israel’s business community was eager for a lasting peace.
Back then, Israel wanted secure trading relationships with its Arab neighbours, and many Palestinians
from the Occupied Territories worked inside Israel at low-wage jobs. During the 1990s, Israel’s high-
tech sector became the driving force in its economy. Since this sector exported its products around the
world, Israel’s level of dependence on trade with its neighbours rapidly fell. At the same time, Israel
received an influx of approximately one million Soviet Jews, who now comprise 18% of the Israeli
population. These immigrants replaced the workforce from the Occupied Territories. After the dot-com
collapse, the locus of Israel’s economy shifted to the burgeoning homeland security industry. Israel is
now the world’s leader in this field, and as a result enjoys one of the fastest-growing economies in the
world.
Israel no longer requires any labourers from the Occupied Territories, it doesn’t need to trade with its
neighbours, and its foremost industry depends on the international demand created by war and
terrorism. All it wants now is the land and resources under the Palestinians’ feet. Since a nation’s
culture is moulded by its economic interests, and because Israel is one of the most militarized countries
on Earth, Israeli attitudes towards the Palestinians are becoming ever-more authoritarian and
dehumanizing.
The prognosis couldn’t be worse. Israel has a vested economic interest in ethnically cleansing the
Occupied Territories, the Israeli public is moving further to the right, and the Palestinians have no
reason to stop their attacks. Last February, Israel’s Deputy Defense Minister, Matan Vilnai, said that the
Palestinians were risking a “shoah”, the Hebrew word for disaster that also happens to be the term used
by Jews worldwide to refer to the Nazi Holocaust. At the time, I thought this was hyperbole; now, I’m
not so sure.
http://www.rabble.ca/babble/news-rest-us/article-about-gaza
How Israel brought Gaza to the brink of humanitarian catastrophe
The only way to make sense of Israel's senseless war in Gaza is through understanding the historical
context. Establishing the state of Israel in May 1948 involved a monumental injustice to the
Palestinians. British officials bitterly resented American partisanship on behalf of the infant state. On 2
June 1948, Sir John Troutbeck wrote to the foreign secretary, Ernest Bevin, that the Americans were
responsible for the creation of a gangster state headed by "an utterly unscrupulous set of leaders". I
used to think that this judgment was too harsh but Israel's vicious assault on the people of Gaza, and the
Bush administration's complicity in this assault, have reopened the question.
I write as someone who served loyally in the Israeli army in the mid-1960s and who has never
questioned the legitimacy of the state of Israel within its pre-1967 borders. What I utterly reject is the
Zionist colonial project beyond the Green Line. The Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza
Strip in the aftermath of the June 1967 war had very little to do with security and everything to do with
territorial expansionism. The aim was to establish Greater Israel through permanent political, economic
and military control over the Palestinian territories. And the result has been one of the most prolonged
and brutal military occupations of modern times.
Four decades of Israeli control did incalculable damage to the economy of the Gaza Strip. With a large
population of 1948 refugees crammed into a tiny strip of land, with no infrastructure or natural
resources, Gaza's prospects were never bright. Gaza, however, is not simply a case of economic under-
development but a uniquely cruel case of deliberate de-development. To use the Biblical phrase, Israel
turned the people of Gaza into the hewers of wood and the drawers of water, into a source of cheap
labour and a captive market for Israeli goods. The development of local industry was actively impeded
so as to make it impossible for the Palestinians to end their subordination to Israel and to establish the
economic underpinnings essential for real political independence.
Gaza is a classic case of colonial exploitation in the post-colonial era. Jewish settlements in occupied
territories are immoral, illegal and an insurmountable obstacle to peace. They are at once the instrument
of exploitation and the symbol of the hated occupation. In Gaza, the Jewish settlers numbered only
8,000 in 2005 compared with 1.4 million local residents. Yet the settlers controlled 25% of the territory,
40% of the arable land and the lion's share of the scarce water resources. Cheek by jowl with these
foreign intruders, the majority of the local population lived in abject poverty and unimaginable misery.
Eighty per cent of them still subsist on less than $2 a day. The living conditions in the strip remain an
affront to civilised values, a powerful precipitant to resistance and a fertile breeding ground for political
extremism.
In August 2005 a Likud government headed by Ariel Sharon staged a unilateral Israeli pullout from
Gaza, withdrawing all 8,000 settlers and destroying the houses and farms they had left behind. Hamas,
the Islamic resistance movement, conducted an effective campaign to drive the Israelis out of Gaza.
The withdrawal was a humiliation for the Israeli Defence Forces. To the world, Sharon presented the
withdrawal from Gaza as a contribution to peace based on a two-state solution. But in the year after,
another 12,000 Israelis settled on the West Bank, further reducing the scope for an independent
Palestinian state. Land-grabbing and peace-making are simply incompatible. Israel had a choice and it
chose land over peace.
The real purpose behind the move was to redraw unilaterally the borders of Greater Israel by
incorporating the main settlement blocs on the West Bank to the state of Israel. Withdrawal from Gaza
was thus not a prelude to a peace deal with the Palestinian Authority but a prelude to further Zionist
expansion on the West Bank. It was a unilateral Israeli move undertaken in what was seen, mistakenly
in my view, as an Israeli national interest. Anchored in a fundamental rejection of the Palestinian
national identity, the withdrawal from Gaza was part of a long-term effort to deny the Palestinian
people any independent political existence on their land.
Israel's settlers were withdrawn but Israeli soldiers continued to control all access to the Gaza Strip by
land, sea and air. Gaza was converted overnight into an open-air prison. From this point on, the Israeli
air force enjoyed unrestricted freedom to drop bombs, to make sonic booms by flying low and breaking
the sound barrier, and to terrorise the hapless inhabitants of this prison.
Israel likes to portray itself as an island of democracy in a sea of authoritarianism. Yet Israel has never
in its entire history done anything to promote democracy on the Arab side and has done a great deal to
undermine it. Israel has a long history of secret collaboration with reactionary Arab regimes to suppress
Palestinian nationalism. Despite all the handicaps, the Palestinian people succeeded in building the
only genuine democracy in the Arab world with the possible exception of Lebanon. In January 2006,
free and fair elections for the Legislative Council of the Palestinian Authority brought to power a
Hamas-led government. Israel, however, refused to recognise the democratically elected government,
claiming that Hamas is purely and simply a terrorist organisation.
America and the EU shamelessly joined Israel in ostracising and demonising the Hamas government
and in trying to bring it down by withholding tax revenues and foreign aid. A surreal situation thus
developed with a significant part of the international community imposing economic sanctions not
against the occupier but against the occupied, not against the oppressor but against the oppressed.
As so often in the tragic history of Palestine, the victims were blamed for their own misfortunes.
Israel's propaganda machine persistently purveyed the notion that the Palestinians are terrorists, that
they reject coexistence with the Jewish state, that their nationalism is little more than antisemitism, that
Hamas is just a bunch of religious fanatics and that Islam is incompatible with democracy. But the
simple truth is that the Palestinian people are a normal people with normal aspirations. They are no
better but they are no worse than any other national group. What they aspire to, above all, is a piece of
land to call their own on which to live in freedom and dignity.
Like other radical movements, Hamas began to moderate its political programme following its rise to
power. From the ideological rejectionism of its charter, it began to move towards pragmatic
accommodation of a two-state solution. In March 2007, Hamas and Fatah formed a national unity
government that was ready to negotiate a long-term ceasefire with Israel. Israel, however, refused to
negotiate with a government that included Hamas.
It continued to play the old game of divide and rule between rival Palestinian factions. In the late
1980s, Israel had supported the nascent Hamas in order to weaken Fatah, the secular nationalist
movement led by Yasser Arafat. Now Israel began to encourage the corrupt and pliant Fatah leaders to
overthrow their religious political rivals and recapture power. Aggressive American neoconservatives
participated in the sinister plot to instigate a Palestinian civil war. Their meddling was a major factor in
the collapse of the national unity government and in driving Hamas to seize power in Gaza in June
2007 to pre-empt a Fatah coup.
The war unleashed by Israel on Gaza on 27 December was the culmination of a series of clashes and
confrontations with the Hamas government. In a broader sense, however, it is a war between Israel and
the Palestinian people, because the people had elected the party to power. The declared aim of the war
is to weaken Hamas and to intensify the pressure until its leaders agree to a new ceasefire on Israel's
terms. The undeclared aim is to ensure that the Palestinians in Gaza are seen by the world simply as a
humanitarian problem and thus to derail their struggle for independence and statehood.
The timing of the war was determined by political expediency. A general election is scheduled for 10
February and, in the lead-up to the election, all the main contenders are looking for an opportunity to
prove their toughness. The army top brass had been champing at the bit to deliver a crushing blow to
Hamas in order to remove the stain left on their reputation by the failure of the war against Hezbollah
in Lebanon in July 2006. Israel's cynical leaders could also count on apathy and impotence of the pro-
western Arab regimes and on blind support from President Bush in the twilight of his term in the White
House. Bush readily obliged by putting all the blame for the crisis on Hamas, vetoing proposals at the
UN Security Council for an immediate ceasefire and issuing Israel with a free pass to mount a ground
invasion of Gaza.
As always, mighty Israel claims to be the victim of Palestinian aggression but the sheer asymmetry of
power between the two sides leaves little room for doubt as to who is the real victim. This is indeed a
conflict between David and Goliath but the Biblical image has been inverted - a small and defenceless
Palestinian David faces a heavily armed, merciless and overbearing Israeli Goliath. The resort to brute
military force is accompanied, as always, by the shrill rhetoric of victimhood and a farrago of self-pity
overlaid with self-righteousness. In Hebrew this is known as the syndrome of bokhim ve-yorim,
"crying and shooting".
To be sure, Hamas is not an entirely innocent party in this conflict. Denied the fruit of its electoral
victory and confronted with an unscrupulous adversary, it has resorted to the weapon of the weak -
terror. Militants from Hamas and Islamic Jihad kept launching Qassam rocket attacks against Israeli
settlements near the border with Gaza until Egypt brokered a six-month ceasefire last June. The
damage caused by these primitive rockets is minimal but the psychological impact is immense,
prompting the public to demand protection from its government. Under the circumstances, Israel had
the right to act in self-defence but its response to the pinpricks of rocket attacks was totally
disproportionate. The figures speak for themselves. In the three years after the withdrawal from Gaza,
11 Israelis were killed by rocket fire. On the other hand, in 2005-7 alone, the IDF killed 1,290
Palestinians in Gaza, including 222 children.
Whatever the numbers, killing civilians is wrong. This rule applies to Israel as much as it does to
Hamas, but Israel's entire record is one of unbridled and unremitting brutality towards the inhabitants
of Gaza. Israel also maintained the blockade of Gaza after the ceasefire came into force which, in the
view of the Hamas leaders, amounted to a violation of the agreement. During the ceasefire, Israel
prevented any exports from leaving the strip in clear violation of a 2005 accord, leading to a sharp drop
in employment opportunities. Officially, 49.1% of the population is unemployed. At the same time,
Israel restricted drastically the number of trucks carrying food, fuel, cooking-gas canisters, spare parts
for water and sanitation plants, and medical supplies to Gaza. It is difficult to see how starving and
freezing the civilians of Gaza could protect the people on the Israeli side of the border. But even if it
did, it would still be immoral, a form of collective punishment that is strictly forbidden by international
humanitarian law.
The brutality of Israel's soldiers is fully matched by the mendacity of its spokesmen. Eight months
before launching the current war on Gaza, Israel established a National Information Directorate. The
core messages of this directorate to the media are that Hamas broke the ceasefire agreements; that
Israel's objective is the defence of its population; and that Israel's forces are taking the utmost care not
to hurt innocent civilians. Israel's spin doctors have been remarkably successful in getting this message
across. But, in essence, their propaganda is a pack of lies.
A wide gap separates the reality of Israel's actions from the rhetoric of its spokesmen. It was not Hamas
but the IDF that broke the ceasefire. It di d so by a raid into Gaza on 4 November that killed six Hamas
men. Israel's objective is not just the defence of its population but the eventual overthrow of the Hamas
government in Gaza by turning the people against their rulers. And far from taking care to spare
civilians, Israel is guilty of indiscriminate bombing and of a three-year-old blockade that has brought
the inhabitants of Gaza, now 1.5 million, to the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe.
The Biblical injunction of an eye for an eye is savage enough. But Israel's insane offensive against
Gaza seems to follow the logic of an eye for an eyelash. After eight days of bombing, with a death toll
of more than 400 Palestinians and four Israelis, the gung-ho cabinet ordered a land invasion of Gaza the
consequences of which are incalculable.
No amount of military escalation can buy Israel immunity from rocket attacks from the military wing
of Hamas. Despite all the death and destruction that Israel has inflicted on them, they kept up their
resistance and they kept firing their rockets. This is a movement that glorifies victimhood and
martyrdom. There is simply no military solution to the conflict between the two communities. The
problem with Israel's concept of security is that it denies even the most elementary security to the other
community. The only way for Israel to achieve security is not through shooting but through talks with
Hamas, which has repeatedly declared its readiness to negotiate a long-term ceasefire with the Jewish
state within its pre-1967 borders for 20, 30, or even 50 years. Israel has rejected this offer for the same
reason it spurned the Arab League peace plan of 2002, which is still on the table: it involves
concessions and compromises.
This brief review of Israel's record over the past four decades makes it difficult to resist the conclusion
that it has become a rogue state with "an utterly unscrupulous set of leaders". A rogue state habitually
violates international law, possesses weapons of mass destruction and practises terrorism - the use of
violence against civilians for political purposes. Israel fulfils all of these three criteria; the cap fits and
it must wear it. Israel's real aim is not peaceful coexistence with its Palestinian neighbours but military
domination. It keeps compounding the mistakes of the past with new and more disastrous ones.
Politicians, like everyone else, are of course free to repeat the lies and mistakes of the past. But it is not
mandatory to do so.
• Avi Shlaim is a professor of international relations at the University of Oxford and the author of The
Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World and of Lion of Jordan: King Hussein's Life in War and Peace.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/07/gaza-israel-palestine
The Obama Plan: More Regulation, Unsustainable Spending
Joseph Antos, Gail Wilensky and Hanns Kuttner
The health reform plan put forth by Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL) focuses on expanding insurance
coverage and provides new subsidies to individuals, small businesses, and businesses experiencing
catastrophic expenses. It greatly increases the federal regulation of private insurance but does not
address the core economic incentives that drive health care spending. This omission along with the very
substantial short-term savings claimed raise serious questions about its fiscal sustainability. Heavy
regulation coupled with a fallback National Health Plan and a play-or-pay financing choice also raise
questions about the future of the employer insurance market.
http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/6/w462

Journal Article Excerpt

Election Angst: Indonesia's Tough Transitions.

by Shanshan Jiang

On September 20, 2004, Indonesia held its first direct presidential election in which former General
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri by a landslide margin of 60.6
percent to 39.4 percent. While many expected the landmark election to be prime ground for chaos and
ballot-tampering, the polls calmly hosted 116 million of the country's 212 million people while posting
an accuracy rate of around 99 percent. The US-educated Yudhoyono, who was sworn in on October 20,
promises to fight the corruption that has plagued Indonesia's government for the past 10 years and to
boost a struggling economy in which 40 percent of people are either unemployed or underemployed.

Reaction to the election results was certainly upbeat. At the prospect of five years under Yudhoyono,
people celebrated in the streets, Indonesian stocks, bonds, and currency all increased in value, and
foreign businessmen renewed their interests in Indonesian investments. The next year will be crucial
for Yudhoyono, who intends to prove naysayers wrong by demonstrating his political prowess in
addition to his appealing personality. However, the latent party-dueling and corruption will prove a
tough challenge.

Though Sukarnoputri's ousting was fairly pronounced, she does deserve some credit for putting In...
http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5009766322
College Roommate Rules
Getting to Know You
Flash forward to your first week at college...
10:00 p.m.: You've finished your schoolwork for the evening. You neatly stack your books on your
desk, fold and put away clothing, shut off the lights, slip into your neatly made bed, and drift off to
sleep.
11:30 p.m.: You're jolted out of your peaceful dream by loud heavy metal and bright lights. Could it
be morning already? No such luck. Rather, it seems your party-loving roommate has just arrived home
from—surprise, surprise—a party (for the sixth night in a row) and is just now starting her homework.
You watch in amazement (and frustration) as she simultaneously powers up her computer, dances to the
music filling your small room, and discards her clothes and books on the floor. "Hey!" she yells over
the music, noticing you for the first time. "What's up?" she asks, seemingly unaware that you were fast
asleep.
You flop back onto your bed, put your pillow over your head and groan. "How am I ever going to get
through the year?" you wonder.
Scenes like this are not unusual. Getting along with a roommate is a real concern, and one you may be
facing for the first time. If you're a bookworm who goes to bed early and your roomie is a party animal
who just gets going at midnight, sharing the same quarters may not be easy. But that doesn't mean the
two of you can't get along.

The Good News

Perhaps the most important lessons you'll learn in college are the ones you learn outside the classroom.
Figuring out how to live with someone involves respecting differences, sharing, being courteous,
accepting others for who they are, and much more. You'll find that sharing space builds character.
While most freshmen do miss the privacy of their homes, they also find comfort in sharing company
with others who are experiencing the same issues—difficult courses, living away from home, balancing
school work and social life, and a whole lot more. In fact, while there are many alternatives for
roommates who don't get along, most do stick it out, and solve their problems by talking it out.

The Talking Cure

Keeping lines of communication open is essential. Before you even step foot in your dorm, give your
roommate a call and find out who you'll be living with for the next year. Here are some tips for getting
off to a good start:
Discuss important issues and establish rules. If you can't study with music on, then come to an
agreement about quiet hours. If she likes to have lots of friends in the room all the time, and you don't,
make a schedule so that you can both enjoy the room at different times. If your roommate would rather
you didn't study with the light on when she's trying to sleep, she should tell you. If you make house
rules, and communicate openly and often, you can avoid unpleasant surprises down the road.
Be respectful. Successful roommate relationships are based on mutual respect. If your roommate
doesn't like anyone borrowing her clothes, respect her wishes. If you don't like music on while you're
studying, she should respect your needs, too.
Be willing to compromise. You and your roommate may not agree on everything, but you both have
to be willing to compromise a little bit. If you're a slob and she's a neat freak, you should start cleaning
up, at least in the parts of the room you share. And she should try to be flexible and realize your
unmade bed doesn't affect her.
Be courteous. Courtesy is contagious. If you behave politely to your roommate, she will likely follow
your lead. Take messages when people call for her. Wish her luck on an exam. Ask if you can pick up
something for her while you're running errands. And, don't borrow anything without asking.
Good friendships often begin by sharing space with strangers. So, who knows... maybe that loud,
partying roommate you thought you'd never last with will become your good friend.