Oman College of Health Sciences

BSN Program

Health Education & Health Promotion Semester

5 ; AY 2021-2022

Worksheet # 2
( CS 4- 6 )

I. Compliance, Motivation , Adherence & Health Promotion ( Class Session 6 )

1. Define the following:

A. Health Promotion
B. Health Protective Behavior
C. Illness Behavior

2. Differentiate “compliance” from “adherence” and give an example for each.

Compliance Definition:

Example :

Adherence Definition:

Example :
3. Match the column A with column B by drawing a line.

Column A Column B
1. Behavior is based on patient’s
perception of illness, cognitive skills
A. Behavioral / Social Learning
and past experiences
Theory
2. Address aspects of feedback loop
of sending, receiving, comprehending,
retaining & accepting information. B. Self - regulatory Systems
3. Factors such as rewards, cues
influence patient’s adherence. C. Biomedical Theory
4. Patient’s make decision on

compliance by weighing the benefits of D. Communication Models

treatment.
5. Links to patient’s characteristics E. Rational Belief Theory

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 such as age, gender, severity of
disease & complexity of treatment.
4. Describe briefly the following Health Promotion Models.

Resource Model of
Health Belief Model Health Promotion Model preventive Behavior Human Ecologic Model

5. How personal attributes & relationship systems be a factor in either facilitating or

blocking the motivation of a learner.

A. Personal Attributes :
_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

B. Relationship Systems:
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

II. Methods to Assess Learning Needs ( Class Session 5 )

6. Identification.

A. The time when the learner demonstrates an interests an interest in learning

the information needed. ________________________
B. What is the prime time that the learner exhibits readiness to learn?
______________________

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 C. Refer to the ways in which the conditions under which learners most efficiently
and most effectively perceive, process, store, and recall what they are
attempting to learn. _________________________
D. A method to assess learning needs which is discovered during an impromptu
conversation. ___________________
E. A method wherein the nurse obtain learner’s written responses to questions by
using survey instruments. _______________________

7. Fill in the missing information.

Physical Readiness Emotional Experiential Knowledge

Readiness Readiness Readiness
8. present
1. environmental 10. anxiety level 11. cultural knowledge base

9. health status 2. support system Level of Aspiration Learning styles

15. learning and
Complexity of task 16. motivation Past Coping readiness
Mechanism disabilities

Gender Risk taking 14. orientation 4. cognitive ability

behavior
5. measures of
ability Frame of Mind 18. locus of control
1. Extremely high levels of noise & frequent interruptions.
2. Families & friends are important for medication adherence among older adults.
4. Learner demonstrates problem solving concept formation or application of
information.
5. Ability to perform a task requires fine, gross movements, sensory acuity,
strength flexibility & coordination.
8. How much someone has already know about a particular subject.
9. Amount of energy available and the individual’s present comfort level.
10. Fear is a major contributor and negatively affects readiness to learn.
11. Sensitivity to behavioral differences between cultures are important to avoid teaching in
opposition to cultural beliefs.
14. The tendency to adhere to cosmopolitan point of view.
15. Use of special or innovative approaches to instruction to sustain readiness to learn.
16. Reflects what learners perceive as an expectation of themselves or others.
Willingness to take
action.
18. Readiness to learn is prompted by internal or external stimuli.

8. Enumerate the 4 step appraisal needs.

A-define target

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 B-assess the learner and organizational needs

C -analyze perceived needs

D-prioritize the identified needs

IV. Characteristics of the Learner ( Class Session 4 )

9. Describe the following determinants of learning:

a. Readiness to learn
b. Learning needs
c. Learning style

10. Explain the role of an educator in the learning process.

11. Arrange the steps in assessing the learning needs of learning by numbering them from
1 to
9.
2 6
Prioritize Needs
Choose the right setting
Determine 7 Identify the learner 1
availability of
educational resources

3 5
Collect data from the Involve members of
learner the healthcare tam
Assess demands of 8 Collect data about 4
organization learner
Take time 10
management issues
into account
12. Identify the 3 criteria for prioritizing learning needs and give an example for each.
Criteria Example
Mandatory: Needs that must be learned for survival or situations in which the
learner's life or safety is threatened. Learning needs in this category must
be met immediately. For example, a patient who has experienced a
recent heart attack needs to know the signs and symptoms and when to

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 get immediate help. The nurse who works in a hospital must learn how
to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation or be able to carry out correct
isolation techniques for self-protection.
Desirable: Needs that are not life dependent but that are related to well-being or
the overall ability to provide quality care in situations involving changes
in institutional procedure. For example, it is important for patients who
have cardiovascular disease to understand the effects of a high-fat diet
on their condition. It is desirable for nurses to update their knowledge
by attending an in-service program when hospital management decides
to focus more attention on the appropriateness of patient education
materials relation to the patient populations being served.
Possible: Needs for information that is nice to know but not essential or required
or situations in which the learning need is not directly related to daily
activities. For example, the patient who is newly diagnosed as having
diabetes mellitus most likely does not need to know about self-care issues
that arise in relationship to traveling across time zones or staying in a
foreign country because this information does not relate to the patient's
everyday activities.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ( Class Session 3 )

Learning Theories

13. Differentiate the following learning theories according to the following areas:
Theory Learning Procedures Educator’s task Source of
Motivation
Internal feelings about self, Facilitative Needs, desire for
ability to make wise choices, educator positive self-
Humanistic and needs affect learning encourages positive growth, and
and change. To change self-growth, listens confirmation of
behavior, change feelings, empathetically, self-concept
self-concept, and needs. allows freedom of
choice, and
respects learner,
External role models and Active educator Socialization
their perceived models behavior, experiences, role
reinforcement along with encourages models, and self-
Social Learning learner's internal influences. perception of reactive influences
To change behavior, change reinforcement, (observe self, set
models, perceived carefully evaluates goals, and
reinforcement, and learner's learning materials reinforce
self-regulating mechanisms. for social messages, performance)
and attempts to
influence learner's
self-regulation.
Environmental stimulus Active educator Drive reduction
conditions reinforcement manipulates stimuli
Behavioral promotes changes in and reinforcement
responses. To change to direct learning
behavior, change the and change.
environment.

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 Internal perception and Active educator Goals Expectations
thought processing within structures Disequilibrium
Cognitive context of human experiences
development promote (through
learning and change. To organization and
change behavior, change meaningfulness) to
cognitions. encourage the
reorganization of
cognitions. Social
Learning

14. Define the following:

a. Learning: Permanent changes in mental processing, emotional

functioning, skills,and/or behavior as result of experience.

b. Learning Theory: are a coherent framework of integrated constructs

(idea) and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.

15. Describe the following contingencies to increase and decrease probability of an

organism to respond. Give a brief example:
a. Positive reinforcement
Application of pleasant stimulus (e.g reward)

b. Negative reinforcement
Removal of unpleasant stimulus (e.g taking antacid before eating spicy meal)

c. Punishment

Following a response, an aversive stimulus that the organism cannot escape

or avoid is applied.

d. Non- reinforcement

An organism’s conditioned response is not followed by any kind of

reinforcement (positive, negative, punishment) (e.g student comes to the
class late and the teacher tries not to pay attention to her)

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 16. Distinguish Escape conditioning from Avoidance conditioning.
As an aversive stimulus is applied, the organism
makes a response that causes the unpleasant
stimulus to cease.
Escape Conditioning
An aversive stimulus is anticipated by the
organism, which makes a response to avoid the
unpleasant event.
Avoidance Conditioning
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS (Class Session 1)

17. Fill in the missing information.

To increase the competence and confidence of
Purpose of patient clients for self-management
education

Purpose of Staff and Increase competence and confidence of nurses to

Student Education
Goal of patient education
function independently in providing care to the
consumer .
To increase the responsibility
and independence of clients
for self-care.

Benefits of Patient
Education
Improve quality of life , decrease client anxiety
To improve the quality of care delivered by nurses
Primary aim of nurse
educators
Increase job satisfaction,
Enhanced patient – nurse autonomy
Increased accountability in
Practice
Opportunity to create change that makes a
Benefits to nurses as difference
educators
in the lives of others

18. What is ASSURE Model?

A- Analyze the learner

S-State the objective

S-Select the instructional methods and materials

U- Use the instructional methods and materials

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 R-Require learner performance

E-Evaluate the teaching plan and revise as necessary

19. Identify the role of the nurse as educator.

1-To promote learning and create an environment conducive to learning (create a

teachable moment)

2-Role of the nurse as teacher of patients and their families, nursing staff and students
should stem from partnership philosophy.

Good Luck! MiaCuenca/21