DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Unit Test- 2 Question Bank with Model Answer

Subject: Electrical & Electronics Measurements
2 Marks Questions
Define the following:
1. i) Precision
ii) Sensitivity
i) Precision
Precision is a measure of the degree to which successive measurements differ from
each other.
ii) Sensitivity
It is the ratio of change in output of an instrument to change in input.
2. List any four errors in analog measuring instruments. [02]
i) Gross errors
ii) Systematic errors
iii) Schematic errors
iv) Random errors
3. List the effects of electric current used in indicating instruments. [02]
i) Magnetic effect
ii) Heating effect
iii) Electrostatic effect
iv) Electromagnetic effect
v) Hall effect
Q. 1 4. State any two advantages of moving iron instruments.
i) Can be used for measurement of AC and DC quantity
ii) Construction is simple; hence cheap as compared to PMMC and Dynamometer type
iii) Construction is robust as no coils are attached to the spindle
5. Define power factor. [02]
It is defined as the factor by which the apparent power (S) must be multiplied so as to
obtain the true power (P).
OR
It is the ratio of the true power and the apparent power
6. Define the term ‘calibration’ and state its need for measuring instruments. [02]
Calibration: Calibration means comparing measuring instrument with Standard
instrument to find out the error in the instrument under test.
(1 Mark)
 To ensure that the readings of an instrument are consistent in comparison with the
standard instruments.
 For determining the accuracy of the instrument.
 For evaluating / adjusting the precision and accuracy of instruments.
 To eliminate or reduce error in the instrument.
 To verify whether the data obtained is reliable or correct.
Vision of Program
To empower the students’ abilities of academic, technical and professional competence in the field of Electrical Engineering and to nature
them in the developing areas to help the society.
Mission of Program
M1: To provide adequate knowledge in the field of Electrical Engineering to take the real time Challenges with professional skills.
M2: To improve continuous learning skills to meet employability objectives.
M3. To communicate strong ethical qualities between students for helping the society.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 If instrument is kept idle for a long time, the instrument's conditions will change,
thus calibration is needed in such cases.
 Every instrument will need to be calibrated periodically to make sure of its proper
function and safety.
(Any one need 1 Mark)
4 Marks Questions
7. Compare analog & digital instruments on any four points. [04]
Sr.
Parameter Analog instruments Digital instruments
No.
1. Principle Its displays analog signals Its displays digital signals
More as compared to analog
2. Accuracy Less
instruments
3. Resolution Less More
Power
4. More power Negligible power
required
8. Compare PMMC & MI instruments on any four points. [04]
Sr.
PMMC instruments MI instruments
No.
It is suitable only of DC voltage It can be used for AC as well as DC
1.
and current measurements voltage and current measurement
2. Scale is uniform Scale is non linear
Much sensitive than MI
3. Less sensitive
instruments
4. Torque to weight ratio is high Torque to weight ratio is lesss
Q. 2 Explain common errors in analog measuring instruments and state the reason due
9. [04]
to which these errors occur.
i) Gross errors:
These errors are mainly human errors due to mistakes in taking readings or handling
instruments, incorrect settings and adjustments, improper use and application of
instruments
ii) Systematic errors:
These errors are referred as to fixed errors
These are due to the shortcoming of the instruments such as defective components
or parts and effects of surround environment on the instrument.
iii) Schematic errors:
These are divided into static and dynamic errors.
Static errors are due to limitations of instrument or the laws governing its
operations.
The dynamic errors are due to slow or sluggish response of the instrument to follow
the changes in readings.
iv) Random errors:
These are the errors that remain after gross and systematic errors. These are due to

Vision of Program
To empower the students’ abilities of academic, technical and professional competence in the field of Electrical Engineering and to nature
them in the developing areas to help the society.
Mission of Program
M1: To provide adequate knowledge in the field of Electrical Engineering to take the real time Challenges with professional skills.
M2: To improve continuous learning skills to meet employability objectives.
M3. To communicate strong ethical qualities between students for helping the society.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

unknown causes and tend to be very small.

10. Draw the power triangle. Write equations for all powers and state their units. [04]

Any one diagram 2 Marks

Active Power
Unit: Watts
Reactive Power
Unit: VAR
11. With neat sketch of PMMC instrument explain its working briefly. [04]
Working: When the instrument is connected in the circuit to measure current or
voltage, the operating current flows through the coil. The coil is carrying current and is
placed in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, mechanical torque acts on it.
The pointer attached to the moving system moves in a clockwise direction over the
graduated scale to indicate the value of current or voltage being measured. If the
current in the coil is reversed, the deflecting torque will also be reversed as a direction
of field is same hence the pointer will move in opposite direction, So these instruments
works only when current in the circuit is passing through in desired direction only.
Hence they are used for DC measurements and not for AC measurements.

Vision of Program
To empower the students’ abilities of academic, technical and professional competence in the field of Electrical Engineering and to nature
them in the developing areas to help the society.
Mission of Program
M1: To provide adequate knowledge in the field of Electrical Engineering to take the real time Challenges with professional skills.
M2: To improve continuous learning skills to meet employability objectives.
M3. To communicate strong ethical qualities between students for helping the society.