Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Lesson
In the midst of a great pandemic from the covid-19, most everyone has been
isolated from others, told not to go to work or work from home or to stay at home. We
are far from each other physically but not socially. Though we may not be able to see
our loved ones often because of this pandemic, but still we communicate to them
through different technologies and of course, social media.
As humans, we tend to create connections; we tend to create groups from the
people around us. We are capable of establishing groups by way of our different
relationships with other people such as family, friends, neighbours, classmates,
workmates and other individuals whom we share common identity and interests. Our
relationships with other people caused us to survive. We develop ourselves through
social interactions. The society around us helps us grow to a better individual. The
person and society are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It is a two-way
relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth – with this, social
groups are formed.
Social group may be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behaviour and who share a
common identity.
Categories of Groups
Primary group is a typical small social
2 group whose members share close,
personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have strong
emotional ties. The members have a feeling of togetherness and belongingness, and
sympathetic with one another. Examples include families, friendship groups, play
groups, peers, neighbours, etc.
Secondary group can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly
impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term; typically
found at work and school. Examples include the group for a school project, members of
the committee, superior-subordinate, seller-buyer, etc.
Reference group. They serve as model of standards; we use them as patterns
to guide behaviours and attitudes. Examples include peer groups, senior schoolmates,
actors and actresses, etc.
Reference group may be classified as in-group or out-group.
In-group is a social group to which an individual identifies and which give
him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of togetherness,
and protective attitude toward the other members. The members know each other
intimately and loyal to each other. They share common activities, goals, and
background. Examples are membership of a church organization, sports club.
Out-group is a social group that an individual does not identify with; viewed as
outsiders of the in-group. Any member of the in-group has a feeling of strangeness,
avoidance, antagonism, etc. towards the members of the out-group. Example could be
a sports team opponent.
Networks (link or connection) are defined as sets of informal and formal social
ties that link people to each other. Social network is a sociological concept for a group
of interdependent individuals and the relationships between them. It is formed by the
presence of social linkage for some personal, economic, religious, or political reasons.
The social actors within a network might be people, families,
organizations, corporations, states, or a mixture of individuals and groups.
1. From among the many social groups that you have had, past and present,
choose one that you think provided you the most memorable impact to your life.
2. Describe the group in column A, and then enumerate the impacts it had on you
as a person in Column B.
A B
The Group The impact of this group on me
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Identify one reference group that has influenced your attitude or behaviour, and
explain why it had this influence on you.
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Rubric for Activity 3
Criteria 3 Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
Lesson 1 - Activity 4: YOU COMPLETE ME
After studying all the concepts and working on all the activities about the different
social groups, it’s now time to check your knowledge by completing the phrase below.
Use your own words to discuss your answer.
I learned that…
1.______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________2._
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________3.____
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic or issue. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
Lesson
Kinship, Marriage,
2 and the Household
We learn from the previous module about the different social groups that
surround us. At this point in time, it is expected that you already knew who are the
members of your primary groups, the members of your secondary and reference
groups? How about your networks? List them all in a piece of paper. Viola! It is
surprising to note that we have a lot of social groups and networks in our life. Isn’t it
exciting to be with them after covid-19? Yes, of course.
But in the meantime, while waiting for that most exciting moment, let’s first learn
together the lesson about kinship, marriage, and the household. Without a doubt, you
will be amazed of the many things that you will discover.
What is the role of the family in the society? Please give three (3) answers.
1. ________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
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2. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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3. ______________________________________________________________
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Every society has formed social institutions to meet all their basic needs. One of
these is the institution of the family. The family is the basic unit of the society. The
structure of the family may vary from one society to the other. It may vary from one
culture to the other as well.
As we grow older (adult), our social group will expand. We will meet new
faces/people in our neighbourhood, in the community, at work, in social organizations,
in social media, etc. By this, we begin to relate ourselves to the opposite sex by way of
having boy-girl relationship. And in the right time, from there, we will be able to establish
a society through a family.
Principles of Descent
Unilineal descent usually traced through a single line of ancestors either from
the patrilineal or matrilineal descent but not both.
Patrilineal descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives through his or her
father.
Matrilineal descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives through his or
her mother.
Bilateral descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives through either his
or her parents. Kinship is traced through both ancestral lines of the mother and the
father.
Types of Kinship
Endogamy or compulsory marriage, it refers to marriage within their own clan or ethnic
group.
Exogamy or out-marriage, it refers to marriage outside their own clan or ethnic group.
Monogamy refers to a marriage where an individual
5 has only one spouse at a time.
Polygamy refers to a marriage of having more than one spouse at a time. It can be
polygyny, the marriage of one man having multiple female partners at the same time or
polyandry is the marriage of one woman having multiple male partners at the same
time.
Patrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the
husband’s kin or relatives.
Matrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the
wife’s kin or relatives
Bilocal residence happens when the couple stays with the husband’s kin or the
wife’s kin alternately.
Neolocal residence happens when the couple stays or build a home
independently from the husband or wife’s kin.
Avuncolocal residence occurs when the couple resides with or near the
maternal uncle of the groom.
Kinship by Ritual
Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparent” (ninong and ninang). This can
be done through the performance of Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and
marriage. This “compadrazgo” becomes the spiritual parents of the child or as co-
parents. The godson or goddaughter is called inaanak.
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Criteria Rating
The drawing clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing highlights important information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing shows creativity. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15) 7
Political Organizations
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As the population of bands increases, the tendency of conflict also increases.
The conflict leads to “band fissioning” or band splitting.
Some leave the band to form their own group (social velocity). The band who
survives fissioning and social velocity eventually becomes a tribe.
A tribe (tribu) is more complex and larger than a band. As the population
increases, there is a shifting from a basic form of livelihood to a multiple way of
living. Tribe is organized through pantribal associations in the form of councils, tribal
leaders, elders, etc. due to the presence of multiple communities in a tribe. Tribes
are commonly headed by a village headman who perform leadership roles but has
limited political power. Most tribes remain egalitarian.
Encircle the words related to political leadership and structures. Write them
also in the box below.
B U R E A U C R A C Y C
Z L O T M C R O I G U Q
C Y C A M I T I G E L W
D K D R M A I L N T C E
O H N E O S C E T H O R
I G A W R D T K I A P T
X F B Q E F R E B W A E
V D I Q F E F N B P S T
M S U A O D B M X U D A
H A Y A O R E A C H F T
S P Y M R T S F C A G S
A Y T I R O H T U A H S
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8..
4. 109.
5. 10.
Lesson 3 - Activity 3: THE PRESIDENT
If given the chance to become the Philippine president for 365 days, list down
your top five (5) programs and projects that you want to implement right after you
assume office.
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________
Lesson
4 Non-state Institutions
What is It
Non-state Institutions and Organizations
Bank is a place where people deposit or save
their money with corresponding interest on a given
period of time. It lends money both to the public and
private organizations. The government borrows
money from the bank to finance its projects while
private organizations and individuals borrow money to
finance their business and other personal needs. Image: https://bit.ly/3eQooPw
Aid can be subdivided into two categories: humanitarian aid (emergency relief
efforts in response to disasters and development aid (foreign aid) aimed at helping
countries to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Global Organizations operate in the development of entire countries. They
are the funders and donors. They operate by giving loans or grants to other countries
to be used for development. In the onslaught of covid-19, the Philippines was
granted a loan by the World Bank to be used for financial assistance to many of the
Filipinos who are affected by the pandemic. Below are the most well-known
organizations in the world.
World Bank (WB)
International Monetary Bank (IMB)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
International Organizations are organizations with international
membership, scope or presence. The two (2) main types are the following:
International Non-governmental Organizations (INGO) – non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally, example, International
Committee of the Red Cross.
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) – these are organizations
that are made up primarily of member states, example, the United Nations
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(UN).
Lesson 4 - Activity 2: PARTNER FOR LIFE
Basta “Abot mo ang mundo!” “Bida ang Saya!” Of course, “We find ways!” to “Taste
the Feeling!”
Sounds familiar? Yes, indeed. Those are called taglines or slogan from different
nonstate institutions that make their brand distinct. Many of these institutions have played
a key role in boosting the economy of our country. Many of these institutions have always
proven their worth as a counterpart of the government especially in times of crisis. The
private-public partnership is obviously working in our country for the better. Let’s have a
break through our next activity.
1. Watch the television, listen to the radio, and browse the internet. What else?
Be resourceful.
2. Research three (3) different nonstate institutions or organizations that can be
found in the Philippines which extended help during crisis.
3. Look for their name, their tagline or slogan, and their valuable contribution to
our country.
For you to be familiar with some nonstate institutions in our country, research
two (2) of the following:
1.
Bank
2
1.
Corporation
2
1.
Cooperative
2.
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1.
NGO
2.
Lesson 4 - Activity 4: HOW CAN I HELP?
As a learner, give three (3) ways on how you can help In the economic
development in your respective community, city, province or in our country, in
general.
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
Lesson
5 Education
Below are boxes with different features. Write inside the boxes five (5) things you
will normally learn from the classroom, library, and during flag ceremony.
CLASSROOM
LIBRARY
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FLAG CEREMONY
Education is the social institution that formally
socializes members of the society. It also refers to the
process through which skills, knowledge, and values
are transmitted from the teachers to the learners.
Formal education usually takes placed in a
classroom setting and provided by trained teaching and
nonteaching staff.
Elementary education is the first part of the
educational system, and it includes the first six years of
compulsory education from grade1 to grade 6.
Secondary education is continuing basic Image: https://bit.ly/2Myx5BQ
education from the elementary level to four years of junior high school and two years of
senior high school.
The two most important goals of education for the individual and society are
productive citizenry and self-actualization. Productive citizenry refers to an idea that
a citizen can create opportunities to become productive.
Self-actualization refers to a desire for self-fulfilment. If an individual’s self-
fulfilment is through achieving his dreams and aspirations in life, once these are
achieved, he reaches the level of self-actualization.
Primary Education as a Human Right
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to
education. Education has to be free and compulsory at least in the primary level, higher
education and technical-vocational education should be made generally available.
In the statement of United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), education is a fundamental human right and essential for the
exercise of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom and empowerment
and yields important development benefits.
Education is a powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized
adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens.
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Hence in the Philippines, primary education is considered a right of a child. It is
enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
1. Draw me a picture in the box below about your views on education in the midst of
covid-19 pandemic.
2. Make it colourful. Be creative.
Criteria Rating
The drawing clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing reflects the creativity of the artist. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing highlights important information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
1.________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________
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