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A TEACHER’S

Pocket
Guide to
School Law
This page intentionally left blank
A TEACHER’S

Pocket
Guide to
School Law
Third Edition

Nathan L. Essex
Southwest Tennessee Community College
University of Memphis

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Essex, Nathan L., author.
A teacher’s pocket guide to school law / Nathan L. Essex, Southwest
Tennessee Community College, University of Memphis.—Third edition.
p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-335191-0
ISBN-10: 0-13-335191-2
1. Educational law and legislation—United States—Handbooks, manuals,
etc. 2. School management and organization—United States. I. Title.
KF4119.85.E85 2015
344.73ʹ071—dc23

2013028599
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 13: 978-0-13-335191-0

ISBN 10: 0-13-335191-2
Dedicated to my spouse, Lorene,
and my children, Kimberly,
Jarvis, and Nathalie
This page intentionally left blank
 Contents

List of Cases xvi

Preface xxi
About the Author xxvii
Introduction xxviii

C HAP TE R 1
Control of Public Schools 1
State and Local Control of Education 1
State Board of Education 2
Local Control of Public Schools 3
Discretionary Powers 5
School Administrator’s Role 5
Teachers as Employees of Local
School Boards 5
School District Rules and Regulations 6
School Board Meetings 6
Guides: Control of Public Schools 6
Practical Tips 7
Endnotes 8

C HAP TE R 2
Instruction and Curriculum Standards 9
Academic Issues 9
Curriculum Standards 9
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 10
Public School Choice 10
Putting Reading First 11
Summary and Implications 11
NCLB Subgroups 14
Federal Data Requirements for Report
Cards Under No Child Left Behind 14
Vouchers 14
Charter Schools 15

vii
viii Contents

Guides: Instructional Program 18

Intellectual Property and Fair Use 18
Copying Computer Software 19
Grading and Academic Requirements 20
Student Testing 21
Grading 21
Grade Reduction for Absences 21
Grade Reduction for Unexcused Absences 22
Grade Reduction for Academic Misconduct 22
Physical Punishment for Poor Academic
Performance 23
Guides: Grading and Academic
Requirements 23
Educational Malpractice 24
Guides: Educational Malpractice 25
Practical Tips 26
Endnotes 27

C HAP T E R 3
Religion and Public Schools 28
Prayer, Bible Reading, and Religious Symbols 28
School-Sponsored Prayer 29
Silent Prayer and Meditation 30
Prayer at School Events 30
School-Sponsored Bible Reading 32
Religious Symbols 33
Religious Displays 33
Ten Commandments 34
Prayer at School Board Meetings 34
Guides: Prayer and Bible Use in School 35
Religious Activities and Holiday Programs 35
Distribution of Religious Materials 36
Pledge of Allegiance 37
Guides: Religious Activities 38
Practical Tips 39
Endnotes 40

C HAP T E R 4
Students, the Law, and Public Schools 41
Freedom of Expression 42
The Tinker Case 42
Viewpoint Discrimination 44
Guides: Freedom of Expression 44
Protests and Demonstrations 45
Guides: Protests and Demonstrations 45
School-Sponsored Newspapers 46
 Contents ix

Guides: Student Newspapers 47

Censorship 48
Guides: Censorship 48
Dress and Appearance 49
Health and Safety Issues 50
Controversial Slogans 50
Guides: Dress and Appearance 51
Search and Seizure 51
Reasonable Suspicion 52
Student Desks 53
Student Lockers 53
Book Bags 54
Automobiles 54
Personal Searches 55
Use of Canines 56
Guides: Search and Seizure 56
Use of Cell Phones 57
Guides: Cell Phones 58
Corporal Punishment 59
Reasonable Punishment 60
Minimal Due Process 61
Excessive Punishment 61
Guides: Corporal Punishment 61
Classroom Harassment 62
The U.S. Supreme Court’s Decision
Regarding Sexual Harassment 62
Guides: Classroom Harassment 63
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and
Neglect Occurring at Home 63
Pregnant Students 64
Married Students 64
Guides: Pregnant and Married Students 65
Practical Tips 65
Endnotes 66

C HAP TE R 5
Due Process and Student Safety 68
Creating Safe Schools 68
Gangs and Dress 69
Guides: Gangs and Dress 70
School Uniform Dress Policies and Students’
Rights to Freedom of Expression 70
Early Legal Challenges 71
Guides: Uniforms 71
Zero Tolerance and School Safety 71
Recent Zero Tolerance Practices 72
x Contents

Guides: Zero Tolerance 72

Bullying in Public Schools 73
Cyberbullying 73
Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act 74
Guides: Bullying 74
School Suspension 74
Discipline Involving Minority Students 75
Racial Disparities in Policy Enforcement 75
Guides: School Suspension 75
Procedural and Substantive Due Process 76
Expulsion 77
Guides: Expulsion 77
Metal Detectors 78
Guides: Metal Detectors 79
Drug Testing 79
Alcohol Use and Breathalyzers 80
Guides: Drugs and Alcohol Testing 81
Practical Tips 81
Endnotes 82

C HAP T E R 6
Liability and Student Records 83
Sanctions for Violating Family Privacy Rights 84
Rights of Parents 86
Rights of Noncustodial Parents 87
Rights of Eligible Students 87
Rights of School Personnel 87
Enforcement of State and Federal Statutes 88
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act 88
Significant U.S. Supreme Court Ruling 88
Defamation by School Personnel 89
Slander 89
Libel 90
Privilege 91
Good Faith 91
Acts of Malice 91
Confidentiality Issues Involving
School Counselors 92
Guides: Liability and Student Records 92
Practical Tips 94
Endnotes 95

C HAP T E R 7
Individuals with Disabilities 96
Individuals with Disabilities Education
Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA) 97
 Contents xi

Mandatory Requirements 97
Functional Exclusion of Children
with Disabilities 98
Interpretation and Identification of
Children with Disabilities 98
Response to Intervention 98
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
Requirement 101
No Child Left Behind 101
Least Restrictive Environment 102
Equal Access to Assistive Technology for
Students with Disabilities 104
Program Review and Changes 104
Education-Related Service Requirement 105
Inclusion of Children with Disabilities 105
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and
Federal Protection 106
Disciplining Students with Disabilities 106
Expulsion 106
Suspension 107
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 113
Guides: Students with Disabilities 113
Practical Tips 114
Endnotes 115

C HAP TE R 8
The Teacher and School Liability 116
The School as a Safe Place 116
Liability of School Personnel 117
Individual Liability 117
Vicarious Liability 118
Foreseeability 118
Nuisance 119
Intentional Torts 120
Mental Distress 120
False Imprisonment 121
Trespassing on Personal Property 122
Unintentional Torts 122
Standard of Care 123
Breach of Duty 123
Proximity, or Legal Cause 123
Injury 123
Defenses Against Negligence 124
Contributory Negligence 124
Assumption of Risk 124
Comparative Negligence 124
xii Contents

Immunity 125
Liability Costs 125
Duties of Supervision 125
Supervision Before and After School 126
Field Trips 127
Parental Consent and Written Waivers 128
Parent Chaperones and Liability 128
Guides: School Liability 129
Practical Tips 130
Endnotes 131

C HAP T E R 9
Discrimination in Employment 132
Title VII: Discrimination 132
Sexual Discrimination 135
The Rehabilitation act of 1973 and the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 135
Qualifications for Employment 136
Scope of Protection—Section 504 and
the ADA 138
Guides: Americans with Disabilities 138
Racial Discrimination 139
Religious Discrimination 139
Age Discrimination 140
HIV Positive Teachers in Public Schools 140
Schools and Transgender Teachers 141
Pregnancy and Public School Employment 141
Family and Medical Leave Act 142
Guides: Discrimination 143
Sexual Harassment 144
Sexual Harassment of Students by
School Personnel 147
Guides: Sexual Harassment 147
Practical Tips 148
Endnotes 149

C HAP T E R 10
Teacher Freedoms 150
Substantive and Procedural Considerations 150
Freedom of Expression 151
Speech Outside the School Environment 152
Teacher Use of Facebook and Other
Social Media 153
Academic Freedom 153
Freedom of Association 154
 Contents xiii

Political Rights 155

Dress and Grooming 156
Right to Privacy 156
Guides: Teacher Freedoms 158
Religious Freedoms 158
Use of Religious Garb by School
Personnel 159
Title VII: Religious Discrimination 160
Guides: Title VII: Religious Discrimination 161
Practical Tips 161
Endnotes 163

C HAP TE R 11
Tenure, Dismissal, and Collective
Negotiations 164
Tenure 164
Acquisition of Tenure 165
Nonrenewal 166
Guides: Tenure 166
Teacher Evaluation 167
Guides: Teacher Evaluation 167
Financial Exigency (Elimination of
Positions) 167
Guides: Financial Exigency 168
Dismissal for Cause 169
Incompetency 169
Insubordination 170
Neglect of Duty 170
Immorality 171
Teachers and Ethical Behavior 171
Conduct Involving Morality 171
Sexual Advances Toward Students 172
Guides: Dismissal for Cause 173
Good or Just Cause 173
Guides: Good or Just Cause 174
Collective Bargaining 174
Private Sector Versus Public
Sector Bargaining 175
State Involvement 176
Scope of Collective Bargaining 176
Impasse and Bargaining 178
Workers’ Compensation 178
Guides: Collective Bargaining 179
Practical Tips 180
Endnotes 181
xiv Contents

AP PE ND IX A
Constitution of the United States 183

AP PE ND IX B
Summary of Relevant Federal Statutes 185
Glossary of Relevant Legal Terms 191
Index 197
This page intentionally left blank
 List of Cases

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena 139

Adler v. Duval County School Board 31
Alvin Independent School District v. Cooper 64
Ambach v. Norwick 171
Bellnier v. Lund 56
Bethel School District v. Fraser 44
Blackwell v. Issaquena County Board of Education 43
Blaine v. Moffat County School District Region No. 1 170
Board of Curators of the University of
Missouri v. Horowitz 20
Board of Directors of Lawton-Bronson v. Davies 154
Board of Education of Harrodsburg v. Bentley 64
Brown v. Board of Education 139
Cantwell v. Connecticut 27
Child Welfare Society of Flint v. Kennedy School Dist. 2
Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur 141
Clever v. Cherry Hill Township Board of Education 33
Coles v. Cleveland Board of Education 34
Connick v. Myers, 461, U.S. 138 (1983) 152
Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education 62
Davis v. Scherer 117
DeNooyer v. Livonia Public Schools 159
Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education 54
Dunn and McCollough v. Fairfield Community High
School District No. 225 21
Engel v. Vitale 28
Fadler v. Illinois State Board of Education 172

xvi
 List of Cases xvii

Florey v. Sioux Falls School District 35

Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters 134
Garcetti v. Ceballos 152
Gilbertson v. McAlister 153
Gordon v. Oak Park School District No. 97 121
Goss v. Lopez 108
Guiles v. Marineau 51
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier 46
Hills v. Scottsdale Unified School District 36
Hogenson v. Williams 22
Honig v. Doe 107
Horosko v. Mt. Pleasant School District 164
In re F.B 78
Jackson v. Cartwright School District 120
Johnson v. Beaverhead City High School District 172
Johnson-Loehner v. O’Brien 36
Jones v. Clear Creek Independent School
District 30, 31
Jones v. Latexo Independent School District 56
Karr v. Schmidt 50
Lawrence v. Buchmuller 33
Lawrence v. Texas 157
Lee v. Weisman 29
Leeper v. State 2
Lemon v. Kurtzman and Early v. Dicenso 31
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green 134
McLeod v. State, 122 So. 77 (Miss. 1929) 64
Massachusetts Board of Regents v. Murgia 140
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson 146
Minorities v. Board of Education of Phillipsburg,
N.J. Commissioner of Ed. 21
Mitchell v. Forsyth 117
Morse v. Frederick 51
New Jersey v. T.L.O. 52
Newdow v. United States 37
North Haven Board of Education v. Bell 135
xviii List of Cases

Owasso Independent School District

No. 1-011 v. Falvo 20, 88
Page v. Rotterdam-Mohonasen Central
School District 87
People v. Dukes 78
Pickering v. Board of Education 164
Pottawatomie County v. Earls 80
Powers v. Plumas Unified School District 56
Railroad Co. v. Husen 2
Reynolds v. United States 27
Ring v. Grand Forks School District No. 1 33
Rochester Area School District v. Rochester
Education Association 178
Rogers v. Akron City School System 121
Rusk v. Crestview Local School District 36
S-1 v. Turlington 107
Sanders v. Board of Education of South Sioux
Community School District No. 11 170
Sandlin v. Johnson 19
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 30
Sauls v . Pierce County School District 172
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp;
Murray v. Curlett 31
Schroeder v. Hamilton School District 134
Smith v. School City of Hobart et al., Defendants 22
State of Michigan ex rel. v. Kies v. Lowry 2
Stone v. Graham 33
Stuart v. Nappi 107
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California 93
Thompson v. Southwest School District 171
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community
School District 42, 43
Todd v. Natchez-Adams School District 134
Tudor v. Board of Education of Borough
of Rutherford 36
Veronia School District v. Acton 79
Wallace v. Jaffree 29
 List of Cases xix

Warner Jackson et al. v. Superintendent of

Public Instruction 16
Weissman v. Board of Education of Jefferson
County School District No. R-1 172
Wermuth v. Bernstein and Board of Education
of the Township of Livingston 22
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette 37
Zamaro v. Pomeroy 56
This page intentionally left blank
 Preface

Teachers face numerous challenges in public schools. They

are expected to exhibit excellence in teaching using best
practices, to manage their classrooms effectively, to con-
trol student behavior, and to protect the health and safety
of their students. The manner in which teachers perform
these important duties may determine whether legal chal-
lenges will emerge. How, then, do teachers respond to
legal problems they might encounter as they perform their
important duties of teaching, supervising, and protecting
the safety of students under their supervision? How do they
know that their actions are not depriving students of their
constitutional rights? How do teachers know when they are
operating within the boundaries of the law? How do they
demonstrate fundamental fairness in their dealings with
students? A Teacher’s Pocket Guide to School Law, Third
Edition, is based on the premise that public school teachers
must know the law that governs the organization and opera-
tion of schools in which they are employed.
Educators currently operate in a highly litigious society;
they are constantly challenged by students and parents on a
variety of issues surrounding their schools. Thus, teachers, as
professionals, need to exercise discretion in making sound
and legally defensible decisions that affect students under
their care. The goal of this book is to provide comprehensive
yet succinct and practical knowledge regarding relevant legal
issues that affect teachers in public schools. The text includes
a thorough discussion of the legislation that controls public
schools and how such control affects public school teachers.
After briefly covering landmark court cases that have shaped
administrative practices in public schools, the book then cov-
ers areas such as religion, student rights, teacher freedoms,
student and faculty disabilities, tenure, dismissal, and the use
of social media, among other topics.

xxi
xxii Preface

One salient feature of this text is its focus on school safety

and the rights of students to due process in cases involving
discipline. Tables and charts are carefully integrated into the
text to amplify concepts and topics.

NEW TO THIS EDITION

The intent of the revisions in this Third Edition is to pro-
vide teachers with more in-depth information about the
legal issues that affect them as they perform their duties and
fulfill their responsibilities in public schools. Awareness of
emerging and current legal issues will equip teachers with
essential knowledge that will allow them to operate within
the boundaries of educational law, thereby enabling them to
avoid legal challenges as they execute their essential duties
in an effective manner. This edition will ensure that teachers
possess the necessary legal knowledge to enable them to
function effectively.
The Third Edition includes the following additions
and revisions:

CONTROL OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS

• An expanded section on local school boards that pro-
vides a comprehensive discussion of all dimensions of
school board operations.
• An added section on discretionary powers of local school
boards that describes the latitude granted school boards.
• An added section on the local school administrator’s
role in leading schools that defines their duties and
responsibilities in contributing to positive student
learning outcomes.

Instruction and Curriculum Standards

• The addition of a table of comprehensive guidelines
covering all aspects of the Copyright Act that relate
to teaching and instruction, including permissible
and impermissible activities regarding fair use of
copyright materials.

No Child Left Behind

• Identification of states as well as various subgroups that
have received waivers. Requirements for waivers are
included to facilitate greater understanding of signifi-
cant components of the act.
 Preface xxiii

• An added section on NCLB subgroups and the require-

ments they must meet in collecting and reporting
assessment data.

Students, the Law and Public Schools

• An expanded section on viewpoint discrimination that
provides guidance regarding permissible and nonper-
missible restrictions on students’ rights to freedom
of expression.
• An expanded section on the position of the courts
regarding the latitude that schools may or may not
be granted in initiating student searches using canines.
• An expanded section on the types of dress that may
be regulated by school or district policy student attire
with examples of clothing worn by students that draws
attention to the anatomy.

Due Process and Student Safety

• An added section on bullying in public schools to
emphasize the inherent challenges teachers face in
monitoring and controlling harassing and humiliating
acts committed by students toward victims as well as
liability challenges that may arise based on failure to
respond to reports of bullying.
• An added section on cyberbullying in response to
increased use of social media by students and the inher-
ent damage to students who are victims of this type of
undesirable behavior, as well as liability challenges that
may arise when school personnel do not respond to
these incidents.
• An added section on violence in public schools
with recent statistics that illustrate the magni-
tude of the problem faced by school leaders and
their faculties.
• A revised section on zero tolerance practices with
examples of restrictions placed on students in conjunc-
tion with such policies.
• The addition of new guides on student suspension.

Teacher and School Liability

• An added section on parent chaperones and liability
challenges they may face for negligence involving stu-
dent supervision on field trip excursions.
xxiv Preface

Individuals with Disabilities

• An added section on multi-year IEPs, including the cri-
teria the 15 approved states must meet to participate in
the initiative, which eliminates annual reviews.

Discipline of Minority Students

• An added section on nationwide disparities involving
discipline of minority students, as well as the potential
legal ramifications of disparate treatment of students
based on race and ethnicity.

Teachers and Ethical Behavior

• An added section on ethical behavior emphasizing the
high standards of professional conduct teachers are
expected to meet.

Transgender Teachers in Public Schools

• An added section on transgender teachers emphasizing
teachers’ freedom of choice in the context of fair treat-
ment in the school environment, as well as their right
to expect protection against gender discrimination as
they fulfill their roles in public schools.

Use of Facebook and Social Media by

Public School Teachers
• An added section on the use of Facebook and other
social media that emphasizes the rights of students to
freedom of expression within the context of acceptable
and appropriate communication, as well as the respon-
sibilities of teachers to be discreet in their use of such
media, since teachers are considered by the courts as
role models for students.

Religious Garb and Public Schools

• An expanded section on religious garb, with examples, that
discusses teachers’ religious freedoms as well as restric-
tions regarding their religious dress in public schools. The
courts’ position on this matter is also presented.

HIV-Positive Teachers in Public Schools

• An added section on the rights of HIV-positive teachers to
teach if they pose no safety risk to students or colleagues,
with an emphasis on the rights of HIV-positive teachers
to be protected from discrimination based on their illness.
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512 Rafferty M
G 12
June
2534 Rafferty P Cav 5M
26
Oct
11330 Rafferty T Art 5B
23
Aug
4593 Raker L Cav 1E
3
100 July
3751 Ranch J
D 22
99 Oct
10875 Randall Jno 64
A 13
47 Aug
6503 Ralinger J
B 22
100 Aug
6794 Rangheart Jno
A 25
100 Sept
7778 Rasterfer Jno
A 4
104 July
4216 Rattery Jno
I 26
Oct
10937 Ray C Cav 3B
14
154 Oct
10246 Ray R S
A 3
125 July
4336 Raynard F
- 30
3435 Rattersboon J Art 3K July
17
86 July
2880 Ramsay Isaac
I 4
31 May
1265 Ramsay Hiram
K 21
111 June
2186 Reamer W C
B 19
July
2820 Redman J Art 3K
3
Oct
11695 Reddo D V Cav 8M
31
64 Aug
7232 Reed F A
E 30
140 Sept
8574 Reed J
H 12
13 Apr
406 Reed S G
B 6
146 Aug
6041 Reed W D
H 18
41 Oct
10232 Reed W J
I 2
14 Sept
8492 Reed Wm Art
I 11
52 Aug
7369 Reetz Jno
A 31
152 Aug
5694 Reeve G
C 5
57 June
1680 Reeves Jno
H 6
43 Oct
10467 Redmond J
C 7
10911 Regler W H Cav 22 Oct
 M 14
164 Sept
9122 Reiley P O
B 18
29 Aug
7195 Reuback C
- 29
59 Jan
12455 Rebman J 65
C 15
Sept
8431 Rencermane J R C 5B 64
11
76 Sept
9320 Randall A B
F 20
July
3352 Remson C Cav 2M
15
155 Sept
8209 Reynolds O
E 8
85 Aug
6799 Reynolds O S
E 25
Reynolds 92 Oct
10265
Samuel H 3
140 Aug
6350 Reynolds Wm
I 21
65 Aug
6546 Reidy J D
I 23
39 July
4318 Rice F, Cor
I 30
24 July
3077 Rich T D Bat
- 9
82 Dec
12289 Rich J
C 15
66 July
3561 Richey R
C 18
178 June
2427 Rider E
E 24
8005 Rhenebault R H 21 Sept
B 6
Nov
11904 Rehn W Art 7C
7
132 July
3891 Richistine C, Cor
D 24
52 Aug
5317 Richards A
D 11
41 Aug
5674 Richards A
E 14
Dec
12243 Richards A 9C
7
47 July
3682 Richards H
E 21
146 Sept
7578 Richards N J, S’t
C 2
20 July
4240 Richardson H M C
M 29
Nov
12193 Ricker M Art 2M
29
85 Sept
8155 Rickhor J
E 8
125 Apr
415 Rikel Robert
G 7
73 Jan
12382 Riley I 65
E 2
99 July
2885 Riley J 64
C 4
176 Aug
5021 Riley John
C 8
39 Aug
6347 Riley John
D 21
11163 Ripley F A 152 Oct
 C 19
42 Nov
11760 Ripp W
B 3
75 July
3514 Rising C
B 18
46 Oct
10610 Risley Geo W
G 4
132 June
2558 Ritcher F, S’t
D 27
18 Aug
7245 Ritson S Cav
E 29
115 Sept
9224 Ritzmiller Jno
- 19
99 June
1775 Roach F
F 9
85 June
1842 Roach Chas
E 11
46 June
2354 Robberger P H
B 23
122 Oct
11195 Roberson C A 64
B 20
134 June
2346 Robertson W H
B 23
96 Sept
8554 Robertson W M
B 12
39 Sept
9970 Robinson H
K 28
111 Sept
7607 Robinson A
I 2
95 July
3880 Robinson H C
I 21
115 Aug
6419 Robinson Jno
A 22
 27 Robins L, Cor 154 Mar
K 8
173 Sept
7663 Roberts A
C 3
14 Sept
7585 Rockwell N C A
D 2
85 July
8318 Rockfeller R E
D 23
15 Oct
11342 Rockfeller H Art
M 23
July
3959 Rock F “ 6F
25
July
4350 Rogers A “ 7 I
31
125 Aug
6059 Rogers A
H 18
85 Aug
5791 Rogers G, Mus
F 15
132 July
3011 Rogers Jas
H 7
85 July
4287 Rogers H C
C 30
Sept
8369 Rogers H J Art 2E
10
43 Aug
4912 Rogers M
D 6
85 Aug
7208 Rogers O S, S’t
C 29
12 Aug
6824 Rogers Thos
F 25
Nov
11772 Romer F 9A
3
8468 Rook G Art 6E Sept
 11
152 Sept
9663 Rooney Jno
G 28
132 Sept
9102 Rooney M
F 18
Sept
8922 Rooney P Art 2C
16
85 Aug
5669 Root A N
C 14
120 July
2998 Roots W T
H 7
24 June
1735 Root Legrand Bat
- 8
16 Oct
10278 Rose A
L 2
125 Sept
9550 Rosecrans J E
H 23
23 Sept
8171 Ross C Cav
A 8
111 July
3874 Ross E F
I 24
27 Aug
5591 Ross David
D 14
76 Aug
6741 Ross G
K 24
Sept
9751 Ross A Cav 1M
25
121 Nov
11963 Ross J H
G 11
Aug
5929 Rosenbarger Jno 4D
17
84 July
3616 Rosser Lewis
A 20
2924 Rosenburg J 30 July
A 5
24 Sept
8737 Rosson Chas Cav
E 14
93 Dec
12259 Roswell J
K 10
151 Apr
727 Ross Jacob
A 25
120 June
1940 Row W J
B 14
39 Aug
5097 Roth Louis
D 9
20 Sept
8504 Rothwell M, Cor Cav
M 12
12 July
3720 Rouge Wm, Bug C
F 21
11 Sept
7709 Rowbotham R C
L 3
70 Aug
5857 Rowell J E
G 16
99 July
3492 Rowell L N
H 17
Mar
59 Roberts A B, S’t Cav 8B
18
120 June
2609 Ruddin C
H 28
120 May
867 Rudler Wm
M 3
Mar
40 Rue Newton, S’t Cav 5A
13
69 Sept
8667 Runey F
H 13
12635 Russ Jno 2K Feb 65
 10
Sept
8856 Russell J, Cor Art 7A 64
15
106 Aug
5094 Ryan D
D 8
95 Sept
8599 Ryan J
E 12
22 Sept
8741 Ryan J Cav
E 14
12 Aug
7258 Ryan Owen
A 30
66 Aug
4762 Ryonch Jno
I 5
Aug
6413 Ryson Jno Art 7L
22
39 Aug
6206 Ryne J M
E 9
111 Apr
684 Rush Jno
E 23
85 Aug
7234 Sackett R S
G 29
77 June
1920 Sadley M
H 14
24 June
1880 Safford B J Bat
- 12
Nov
11870 Salsbury H Art 1M
6
16 Oct
10652 Salisbury E
D 11
13 Oct
10923 Samlett —— Cav
I 14
15 Oct
10880 Samet W
H 13
3769 Sampson J 106 July
K 22
Sanders Chas, Apr
346 Mil 9A
Cor 2
99 July
3618 Sanders J
C 23
12 Sept
9857 Sanders J Cav
A 27
July
4423 Sandford P O Art 7L
31
12 June
2341 Saughin J Cav
F 23
Sept
7740 Sawyer J “ 2L
3
22 Oct
11232 Sayles A “
E 21
85 July
3612 Seaman A, Cor
H 19
2 Oct
10856 Seaman A Art
- 13
May
1372 Sears F Cav 2H
25
Aug
6120 Seagher J 8M
19
11 July
4325 See Henry
K 30
140 Sept
8824 Seeley A J
A 15
15 Oct
11374 Seeley C B
H 24
100 July
4256 Seeley Thos
F 29
10027 Segam Ed Cav 5K Sept
 29
10 July
4204 Seigler Geo
- 29
120 Sept
7458 Seigle John R
K 1
59 Nov
11886 Selson H
C 6
40 July
3457 Serrier R
C 17
June
1746 Serine C Cav 4M
8
99 Apr
629 Settle Henry
H 19
Sept
9828 Seyman F Cav 1A
27
77 Aug
5951 Seard Louis
E 17
21 Aug
6888 Schayler J W Cav
M 26
160 Oct
10794 Schadt Theo
A 12
July
3557 Scheck B Cav 2G
18
120 July
3190 Schemerhorn H
G 12
Nov
11965 Schempp M Art 7F
11
170 July
2795 Schermashie B
A 2
Schlotesser J, 91 May
1325
S’t H 24
Oct
11515 Schlotesser J 1L
26
9578 Schmaker Jno 30 Sept
B 23
Oct
10291 Schmaley J 1G
16
39 Oct
10550 Schmeager A
A 9
39 Aug
5311 Schneider Chas
A 11
24 Sept
8595 Shockney T T Bat
- 12
Sept
8796 Schofield J 7H
15
54 June
2441 Scholl Jno
D 25
59 Oct
11422 Schriber H
I 24
Sept
7814 Schroeder G Art 7E
4
14 Sept
8550 Schrum J “
K 12
20 May
1070 Schrimer Wm
B 13
12 July
4280 Schware F Cav
K 20
66 Aug
6613 Schwick A
G 23
85 Aug
4849 Scott J C, S’t
K 6
14 Aug
6857 Scott P C Cav
G 26
Sept
8622 Scott W W “ 2F
13
8290 Sibble W 148 Sept
 G 9
July
4362 Sick R E - -
31
Aug
4557 Sickler E Art 7E
2
120 July
3210 Sickles A
D 12
40 Nov
11950 Siddell G
- 10
Dec
12284 Simmons A Art 8H
13
Simmons C G, 85 Aug
6364
S’t B 21
116 Sept
8316 Simon H
B 10
85 Aug
6284 Simons H L, S’
E 20
155 Mar
142 Simondinger B
I 24
99 Mar
242 Simpson D
H 30
22 Aug
6345 Sisson P V, S’t Art
M 21
50 Sept
10067 Shaab J 64
A 30
61 Mar
201 Shea Pat, Drum’r
M 28
7 Aug
4801 Shaffer M Art
- 5
66 Aug
4584 Shaffer J
E 2
103 Apr
782 Shafer H
F 28