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g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\ P]g, @)%& sf] bkmf (-u_ / g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\
lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod &=(-v_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
b]xfosf lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
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at{dfgdf b]z leq rf/j6f ljZjljBfno / ljb]zL ljZjljBfnojf6 ;d]t u/L s/Lj
!%) kmfd]{;L :gfts pTkfbg e} /xsf] l:ytL 5 . b'O{j6f ljZjljBfnojf6 :gfsf]Q/ txsf]
cWoog u/L s]xL hgzlQm tof/ e} /x]sf] 5 . of] hgzlQm d'Votof b]zsf] cf}Bf]lus,
z}lIfs, ;/sf/L / j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] If]qdf vkt e} /x]sf] 5 . otL x'FbfxF'b} klg kmfd]{;L
hgzlQmsf] dfu k'/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sDo"lg6L kmfd]{;L÷kmdf{:o'l6sn ;le{; / ;]jfsf]
If]qdf kmfd]{;L hgzlQmnfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ u'0f:tl/o kmfd]{;L ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;/sf/sf] gLlt
x'Fbfx'Fb} klg oL If]qsf] cfjZoQmf cem} klg k"tL{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . xfn ljZjJofkLs/0fsf]
kl/k|]Ifdf xfd|f] b]z leq pTkflbt tyf ljb]zjf6 cWoog k'/f u/L cfpg] hgzlQmsf] :t/
;dfg xf]; eGg] p2]Zon] / cGt/fli6«o :t/df xfn ljslzt kmfd]{;L lzIffsf] ljsfznfO{
b[li6ut ub}{ g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\n] To:tf kl/kf6LnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug'{kg]{ cfjZoQmf ePsf]n] %
jif{sf] lj=kmfd]{;L / ^ jif{sf] kmfd{= 8L sf] sfo{qmd z'? ug{sf nflu klxn]sf] lgb]{lzsfnfO{
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\ P]g, @)%& sf] bkmf (-u_ / g]kfn
kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\ lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod &=(-v_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu tof/ u/L ldlt
@)^$÷)*÷)! jf6 nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
2
!= ljBfyL{ egf{ ;+Vof / cWoog cjlwM
!=! ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBfnon] tf]lslbPsf] kl/lwdf /xL jflif{s egf{ ;+Vof clwstd $)
-rfnL;_ hgf ljBfyL{x? ;Dd ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
!=@ kmfd{= 8L sf] xsdf sDtLdf !)) ;}ofsf] hg/n c:ktfndf kl/ifb\n] tf]s] cg';f/sf]
lSnlgsn ljifodf s]|l86÷k|flS6sn÷k|f]h]S6 ug]{ ;'ljwf x'g' kg]{5 .
@= cfjZos k"jf{wf/x?M
@=! ;+:yfn] cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? cfkm\g} hUufdf ljsfz ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x? g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ x'g' kg]{5 . z'?df ;f] ;+ej gePdf
kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf] cjlwdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
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@=$ ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?M
@=$=! sIffsf]7fx?M
klxnf] jif{ lj=kmfd]{;Lsf] nflu Pp6f sIff sf]7f clgjfo{ x'g]5 . sIff sf]7fx? s|dzM jif}{
lkR5] yKb} hfg' kg]{5 .
sIff sf]7f $=( au{ld6/ -!^ ju{lkm6_ k|lt ljBfyL{ x'g' k5{ . ;fwf/0ftof $) X $=(
au{ld6/ -$) hgf X !^= ^$) ju{lkm6_ sf] pko'Qm nDjfO{÷rf}8fO{ ePsf] n]Sr/ sf]7f
x'g' h?/L 5 .
k|To]s sIff sf]7fdf cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdfu|L x'g' kg]{5 .
sn]hdf sDtLdf Pp6f Pn;L8L k|f]h]S6/, OHP (Over Head Projector) / jf]8{x? h:tf
z}lIfs ;fdfu|L x'g' kg]{5 .
@=$=@ k|of]uzfnfx?M
k|of]uzfnfsf] ;'ljwf / pks/0fx?sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBfnosf] sf]if{sf]
cfjZoQmf cg';f/ x'g' kg]{5 . k|of]uzfnfx?df Psk6sdf egf{ ;+Vofsf] cfwf ljBfyL{x?nfO{
k|of]ufTds sIff ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] ;'ljwfx? x'g' kg]{5 .
k|of]uzfnf Go"gtd !% au{ld6/ -$( ju{lkm6_ k|lt ljBfyL{] x'g' kg]{5 . :6f]/ ;d]tsf]
Joj:yf x'g' kg]{5 .
@=$=# ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBfnon] tf]s] cg';f/ k|of]ufTds sIffsf] nflu cfjZos
d]lzg÷cf}hf/x? x'g' kg]{5 . klxnf] jif{df sDtLdf cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP
cg';f/sf] ;'ljwf x'g' kg]{5 .
#= k':tsfnoM
#=@ k':tsfnodf @% k|ltzt ljBfyL{x? Ps} k6s j;]/ cWoog ug]{ k9g] sf]7f Pj+ d]r–
6]jn ;d]t x'g' kg]{5 . o; jfx]s lstfj÷hg{nx? /fVg] /\ofs÷b/fhx? /fvg] 7fpF
k|ofKt x'g' kg]{5 . k':tsfnodf k|lt ljBfyL{ @=$^ au{ld6/ -* ju{lkm6_ :yfg x'g'
kg]{5 .
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#=# ljZjljBfnon] tf]s]sf sf]if{sf lstfjx? x/]s $ hgf ljBfyL{x?sf nflu sDtLdf
Pp6f pknAw x'g' kg]{5 . ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf ?kdf k|of]u x'g] lstfjx? cfjZostf
cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
#=$ sDKo"6/ Nofjdf k|ofKt sDko"6/x? / OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwf x'g' kg]{5 . k|f]h]S6 sfo{ ug]{
ljBfyL{x?sf nflu tfnLsf jgfO{ ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L vf]Hg]÷k9g] ;'ljwf lbg' kg]{5 .
#=% kmfd]{;L ljifosf hg{nx?sf] ;DjGwdf pknAw x'g] k|rlnt 5fkLPsf jf OG6/g]6df
k|fKt cg–nfO{g hg{nx?sf] kx'Fr x'g' kg]{5 .
%= cGoM
%=! sn]hdf lkpg] kfgL ;lhn} ;+u k'Ug] 7fpFdf k|;:t /fVg' kb{5 .
^= lzIfs÷sd{rf/Lx?M
^=! rf}yf] Jofr egf{ e} ;Sbf k"0f{sfnLg lzIfs M ljBfyL{ cg'kft sDtLdf !M!% x'g' kg]{5 .
z'? ubf{sf] cj:yfdf lgDg cg';f/ x'g' kg]{5M
kmfd]{;L k|f]u|fd 8fO{/]S6/÷lk|lG;kn – ! -Pd= kmfd{ / sDtLdf % jif{ kmfd]{;L k]zfdf
cg'ej xf;Ln u/]sf]_
k|f]u|fd 8fO{/]S6/ jfx]s sDtLdf b'O{ hgf kmfd]{;L ljifosf k"0f{sfnLg lzIfsx? x'g' kg]{5 .
k|fl1s kbx? -k|fWofks, ;xk|fWofks, pkk|fWofks, ;xfos k|fWofks_ ;DjGwg lbg]
ljZjljBfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ x'g' kg]{5 .
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cGo lzIfsx? cfjZostf cg';f/ k"0f{sfnLg jf cf+lzs x'g ;Sg] 5g\ .
&=@ la=kmfd]{;L sIff ;+rfng ug]{ o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt k"jf{wf/x? k'/f u/]sf] sn]hn]
cfkm} olsg ul/ g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] lj1x?sf] lgl/If0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ lkmtf{
gx'g] u/L ?= &%,))).– -krxQ/ xhf/_ g]kfn jËnfb]z j}s ljh'nLjhf/sf] vftf g+=
)$)!#!S df hDdf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . of] /sd o; lgb]{lzsfsf]] j'bf g+= !)=@ cg';f/
cf;o kq (Letter of Intent) kfP kl5 dfq hDdf ug'{ kb{5 .
*=! g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] 6«:6, ;dfh, OlG:6Ro"6 jf sn]h
*=# g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ljh'nLjhf/ sf7df8f}+df b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5
. pQm b/vf:t ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBfnodf b/vf:t k]z ubf{ kl/ifb\nfO{ klg
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
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¾ ;+:yfsf] gfddf /x]sf] 3/–hUuf ;DjGwL ;j} sfuhft k|dfl0ft k|ltnLkL .
¾ 3/÷hUuf ef8f÷lnhdf lnPsf] eP ;f] sf] ;+emf}tfsf] sfuhft k|dfl0ft
k|ltnLkL .
¾ o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt k"jf{wf/ ;DjlGw ljj/0f j'bf g+= ( cg';f/sf] ljj/0f .
¾ 6«:6÷;dfhsf] cfly{s nufgL ug]{ lnlvt k|lta4tf .
*=% gofF sn]h vf]Ng] 6«:6÷;dfh÷ljZjljBfnosf tkm{jf6 lgDg JolQmnfO{ b/vf:t k]z
ug{ of]Uo dflgg] 5 .
(=@ 3/–hUufsf] :jLs[t OlGhlgol/ª 8«O{ª jf ef8f÷lnhdf lnO{Psf] 3/df Joj:yf ul/Psf]
sIff sf]7fx? / k|of]uzfnfx?sf] j'lemg] ljj/0f -8«O{ª_ . o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt
k"jf{wf/sf] ljj/0f .
(=^ ljZjljBfnon] ;DjGwg k|bfg u/]sf] kqsf] k|ltlnkL k|fKt ePsf] & -;ft_ lbg leq
g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\df k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
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!)= :jLs[lt lbg] k|ls|ofM
!)=! g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf /lhi6«f/n] o; lgb]{lzsfn]] lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/ b/vf:t lbg]
;+:yfn] cfjZostf k"/f u/]sf] olsg u/L olb k"/f u/]sf] eP ;f] ;DjlGw /fo g]kfn
kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] j}7s jf kl/ifb\n] tfs]sf] ;ldlt ;dIf ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)=@ dflysf] !)=! cg';f/ j}7s jf ;ldltn] of] lgb]{lzsfsf] clwgdf /xL o:sf ;j}
k|fjwfgx? b/vf:t lbg] ;+:yfn] k'/f u/]÷gu/]sf] olsg ug]{ 5 .
;j} zt{x? k'/f ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ kl/ifb\n] cf;o kq (Letter of Intent) k|bfg ug]{ 5 .
!)=# cf;o kq (Letter of Intent) kfO{ ;s]kl5 tn pNn]lvt sfuhftx? k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
!)=#=! ?= &%,))).– -krxQ/ xhf/_ g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] gfddf hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn
ef}r/ .
!)=#=@ o; 8s'd]06df dfly ^=! Df pNn]v eP jdf]lhd s'g} klg a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
vf]nLPsf] ?= !%)),))).– -kGw| nfv_ sf] ;+o'Qm vftfsf] /l;b÷ef}r/ .
!)=$ ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBfnosf] sf]if{sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ klxnf] jif{sf nflu
cfjZos sf]7f÷d]lzg cf}hf/x? Joj:yf e} ;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . o; ;+u–;+u}
k|of]ufTds sIffsf] k"0f{ ;"rL (Practical Topics) / d]lzg cf}hf/x?sf] k"0f{ ;"rL
;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
!!= sn]h÷OlG:6Ro"6sf] lgl/If0fsf] Joj:yf dfly j'bf g+=!) df pNn]lvt zt{x? k'/f u/]sf]
v08df g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] lg0f{o u/L pQm ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ 5 .
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!@= lg/LIf0fsf] ;dodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx?M
!@=! g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\df k]z u/]sf] b/vf:t / cf;o kq (Letter of Intent) .
!@=& ;DjGwg lbg] ljZjljBnfon] hf/L u/]sf] la=kmfd]{;L k|f]u|fdsf] cBfjlws sf]if{sf]
ljj/0f .
9
!@=!& k"jf{wf/ lgdf0f{sf] efjL of]hgfsf] ljj/0f .
!#= g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] lg/LIf0f 6f]nLn] dfly pNn]lvt ef}lts tyf k|fl1s ;'ljwfx?sf]
hfFr u/L k|ltj]bg b'O{ xKtf leq g]kfn kmfd]{;L kl/ifb\sf] j}7sdf k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
lg/LIf0f 6f]nLn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df plrt lg0f{o u/L kl/ifb\n] ;DjlGwt
;+:yfnfO{ b'O{ dlxgf leq lg0f{osf] ;"rgf lbg' kb{5 .
10
cg';"rL–!
k|yd jif{sf nflu cfjZos k|of]uzfnfx?M
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