jg ljefu;”u ;DalGwt lgb]{lzsfx¿sf]

;+ufnf]

k|sfzsM
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
@)^%, kf}if
jg ljefu;”u ;DalGwt lgb]{lzsfx¿sf]
;+ufnf]

k|sfzsM
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
@)^%, kf}if
k|sfzsM
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

k|yd ;+:s/0f M @)^% kf}if

;jf{lwsf/ M k|sfzsdf lglxt

5kfO{ k|lt M !)))

d'b|0fM
l;Udf hg/n ckm;]6 k|];
;f“rn, ;fg]kf, nlntk'/
kmf]gM %%%$)@(
 ljifo–;"rL
qm=;+= lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd k]h g+=

!= dGtJo s

@= k|sfzsLo v

#= jg k}bfjf/ -sf7÷bfp/f_ ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)%& !

$= jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^) #%

%= lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^# ^(

^= jg ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^$ *!

&= vf]6f] ;Íng -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^$ *^

*= ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%@ !!@

(= u}/;/sf/L ;]jfk|bfosaf6 ;]jf k|flKt ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^! !@@

!)= sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; cfof]hgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)%% !$&

!!= lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf :yfkgf / ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^@ !^%

 jg k}bfjf/ -sf7÷bfp/f_ ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf @)%&

:jLs[t ldltM @)%&.)@.!(

k|f/De ldltM @)%&.)%.!@
klxnf] ;+zf]wgM @)%*.)#.)&
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgM @)^$.!).@$

k|:tfjgf
g]kfn /fHodf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] jg hËnsf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . kfl/l:yltsLo
;Gt'ng (Ecological Balance) sf] ;fy} b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; Pj+ ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] b}lgs hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu jgIf]qsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . o; dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts
;|f]tsf] k|efjsf/L ?kn] Joj:yfkg u/L ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ sf7 bfp/f ;/n / ;'ne tl/sfn]
pknJw u/fO{ jg k}bfjf/ ;b'kof]u ug{ / jg P]g, @)$( / jg lgodfjnL, @)%! df pNn]lvt
k|fjwfgx?nfO{ ;/n / :ki6 kf/L sfof{Gjogdf Ps?ktf Nofpg jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod
^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnoåf/f of] lgb]{lzsf tof/
ul/Psf] 5 .

1
 kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æjg k}bfjf/ -sf7÷bfp/f_ ;Íng tyf
laqmL–ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)%&Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldltb]lv k|f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ëun] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df, o; lgb]{lzsfdf M–
-s_ æKn§Æ eGgfn] jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf jf jg sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] s"k, Jns If]q,
s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ x6fpg' kg]{ ?vx? ePsf] If]q, clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] s6fg If]q jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] s6fg If]q
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_ æh/f 7"6fÆ eGgfn] ?v s6fg ul/;s]kl5 dflyNnf] hdLg ;txb]lv a9Ldf ^ OGrL;Dd
afFsL /x]sf] ?vsf] efu / h/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] hdLgsf] leqsf] sf7 / ;Dk"0f{ h/fx?nfO{
;d]t hgfpF5 .
-u_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sf7÷bfp/f ;Íng / ljqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu
clVtof/ u/]sf] s'g} ;ldlt / jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-3_ æ;+:yfgÆ eGgfn] sDkgL P]g @)@! cGtu{t :yfkgf eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf
;~rflnt sf7 bfp/fdf cfwfl/t tyf k|zf]wg ug]{ s'g} ;+:yf, pBf]u / l6= l;= Pg=
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ æ5kfg ?vÆ eGgfn] kfFr OGrL eGbf a9L Jof; ePsf] 5kfg ug'{ kg]{ ?vx?nfO{
hgfpF5 .
-r_ æaNnfaNnLÆ eGgfn] 5ftLsf] prfO{df !! O{GrL eGbf d'gL % O{GrL;Dd Jof; ePsf
?vx?nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æl;lNesNr/n ck/];gÆ eGgfn] jg Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;~rfng ul/g] ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx?
h:t} 56gL ug]{, xf+uf l5dNg], nx/f sf6\g], ;'wf/sf] nflu ?v s6fgL ug]{ / ;'v8 v8f,
dg{ nfu]sf], d/]sf], a'9f], /f]uL ?vx?nfO{ 5gf}6 u/L s6fgL ug]{ / 9nfk9f ?vnfO{ x6fpg]
sfo{;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-h_ æclGtd hfFrÆ eGgfn] s'g} lgsfo jf JolQmn] s/f/gfdf cg';f/ sfd ug{ kfPsf]
Kn6df s6fg d'5fg cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no /
s6fg ug]{ JolQm jf s6fg ug]{ lgsfon] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsn] u/]sf] clGtd hfFrnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-em_ æbl/ofa'bL{ sf7Æ eGgfn] gbL vf]nfn] jufO{ NofPsf], lsgf/f nfu]sf], c8\s]sf], 8'a]sf],

2
 6fFrf lgzfg nfu]sf] jf s'g} 6fFrf lgzfg gnfu]sf], s;}sf] xs k|df0f gk'u]sf] sf7nfO{
hgfpF5 .
-`_ æa]jfl/;L sf7Æ eGgfn] 6fFrf nfu]sf] jf gnfu]sf], 6fFrflgzfg v's]{sf], ablnPsf] jf s'g}
t/xaf6 d]l6Psf], s;}sf] xs k|df0f gk'Ug] sf7nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-6_ æsfo{–of]hgfÆ eGgfn] jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /fvL jgsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f tyf jg
k}bfjf/sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] jg P]g, @)$( adf]lhd :jLs[t jg ;DjGwL
sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-7_ æ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( sf] kl/R5]b–# adf]lhd g]kfn
;/sf/n] Joj:yfkg ug]{ /fli6«o jgnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-8_ æ;+/lIft jgÆ eGgfn] /fli6«o jgsf] s'g} efu ljz]if jftfj/0fLo, j}1flgs jf ;fF:s[lts
dxTjsf] 7fgL g]kfn ;/sf/n] jg P]g, @)$( adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{ ;+/lIft jgsf] ?kdf
3f]lift ul/Psf] jg If]qnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-9_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . o:tf
clws[t lgo'Qm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-0f_ ælgsfoÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf7, bfp/fsf] s6fg, d'5fg, 3f6u2L tyf laqmL–ljt/0fsf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ kfpg] u/L clVtof/L lbPsf] ;+:yf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-t_ æcg';Gwfg s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] jg tyf jg:ktLsf] ;j]{If0f tyf cg';Gwfg
ug]{ k|d'v lhDd]jf/L ePsf] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cGtu{t jg cg';Gwfg tyf
;j]{If0f ljefu / jg:ktL ljefu ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-y_ æhg;xefuLtfÆ eGgfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{t g]kfn
;/sf/sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd leq k/]sf] hg:t/sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;~rfng ul/g] ljsf;
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-b_ æ;fgf nfutÆ eGgfn] ?= % nfv;Dd cg'dflgt nfut ePsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .

kl/R5]b –@
?v 5kfg tyf s6fg Ohfht ;DjGwL Joj:yf
#= Kn6 lgwf{/0f -!_ jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf jf jg sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] s"k, Jns
If]q, s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ x6fpg'kg]{ ?vx? ePsf] If]q, clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] s6fg If]q, g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] s6fg If]q cflb
Kn6x?sf] rf/ lsNnf :ki6;Fu lhNnf jg clws[tn] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . Kn6sf] rf/

3
 lsNnf 5'6\ofpFbf ;se/ k|fs[lts l;dfgf h:t} gbL, vf]nfgfnf, vf]N;f, af6f] cflbnfO{
lng'kg]{5 .
-@_ Kn6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ e"–Ifo tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;+/If0f ul/g'kg]{ If]q /
cg';Gwfg If]qnfO{ s6fg ug]{ If]qdf ;dfj]z ul/g' x'Fb}g .
-#_ lhNnf jg clws[t / s6fg ug]{ JolQm jf lgsfon] ;+o'Qm ?kdf Kn6 lg/LIf0f u/L
?vx? s6fg ug]{ If]q, d"9fx? l3;fg]{ af6f]x? (Skid Trails),uf8f, 6\ofS6/ jf cGo 9'jfgL
ug]{ ;jf/L ;fwgx? rNg] jf6f] tyf ;8s, vf]N;f jf vf]nf tg]{ k'n];fx?, sf7]k"nx?, 5f]6f]
cjlwsf] nflu yf]/} kl/df0fdf ns8L y'kfg]{ 7fpFx? (Landings) / 3f6u2L /xg]:yfg ;d]t
olsg u/L gS;fdf c+lst u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= 5kfg Joj:yfM -!_ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] Kn6df ePsf s6fg ug'{ kg]{ ?vx?df 5kfg ug'{sf]
;fy} cj:yf / Snf;sf] nut lnO{ d"NofÍg ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 . 5kfg tyf d"NofÍg sfo{
/fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fL;Ddsf] /]~h/ jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] clws[tn] cg';"rL–!
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] 5kfg tyf d"NofÍg sfo{sf] hfFra'em sDtLdf Ps tx dflysf] k|fljlws
sd{rf/Laf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ 5kfg ug'{kg]{ k|To]s ?vdf b'O{ 7fpdf ^ O{GrL × ^ O{GrLsf] An]h (Blaze) nufpg'
kg]{5 . pQm An]h km]bdf -e"O{sf] ;txb]lv ^ OGrL leq_÷5ftLsf] prfO{ -?vsf]
km]bb]lv -$_% kmL6 jf !#& ;]= dL= prfO{_ df x'g' kg]{5 . b'j} An]h Ps csf{sf]
ljk/Lt lbzfdf x'g'kg]{ / b'j} An]hdf k|i6 b]lvg] u/L 5kfg 6fFrfnufO{ gDa/
Ogfd]nn] n]Vg'kg]{5 .a♣æbl/ofa'bL{ jf vf]nfdf ufl8Psf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ?vx? 5kfg
ubf{ b'j} Jn]h Ps} lbzfdf x'g] u/L 5kfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .Æ 5kfg e};s]sf ?vx?sf] t]l/h
cg";"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /fVg'kg]{5 .
-#_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] 5kfg u/fPsf ?vx? dWo] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt ?vx? hfFra'em ug'{
kg]{5 . ;fy} If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] 5kfg ul/Psf ?vx? dWo] sDtLdf % k|ltzt ?vx?
lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ gbLgfnfsf] lsgf/f / ;8s 5]psf ?vx? 5kfg ubf{ e"–Ifo gx'g] lsl;dn]
ljz]if xf]lzof/ eP/ 5kfg ug'{ kb{5 .
-%_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] 5kfg hfFr ubf{ plrt tj/n] 5kfg u/]sf] ge]6]sf]df
;f] Kn6df 5kfg ePsf] ?vx? /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] sf] hfgsf/L If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] hfFra'em u/L cfjZos 7x¥ofPdf Kn6
;d]t /2 u/L k'g 5kfg ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ 5kfg ePsf ?vx?sf] gfk ;fOh km/s k/]df 5kfg ug]{ sd{rf/L g} lhDd]jf/ /xg] 5 .
o;/L unt 5kfg ug]{ sd{rf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;d]t x'g]5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

4
%= lgsfo lgwf{/0f / ;"rgf k|sfzgM -!_ sfo{of]hgf jdf]lhd jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd
s6fgsf] nflu Kn6 lgwf{/0f eO{ 5kfg sfo{ ;lsPkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no cfkm}n] jf cGo
lgsfonfO{ s6fg d'5fgsf] sfd ug{ lbg] xf] ;f] sf] lhNnf jg clws[tn] olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Kn6df s6fg d'5fg sfo{ lhNnf jg sfof{non] g} ug]{ ePdf cfly{s P]g lgodfg';f/
7]Ssf jGbf]a:t ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
B
-#_ ;fdfGot s6fg d'5fg sfo{ cdfgtaf6 ul/g] 5}g . pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
7]Ssf jGbf]j:t ug{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ubf{ jf]nkq gk/L jf ljz]if kl/l:yltaf6 cdfgtdf
sfo{ ug'{ k/]df If]qLo jg lgb]{zssf] :jLs[tL lnO{ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg (Estimate)
adf]lhd s6fg d'5fg sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
^= s/f/gfdf ;DjGwL Joj:yf -!_ cfly{s P]g lgodfg';f/ 7]Ssf ;b/ ePkl5 ;DjlGwt JolQm
jf lgsfonfO{ 7]Ssf ;b/ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 . ;f] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] & lbgleq
s/f/gfdf ug{ cfpg' egL ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq s/f/gfdf ug{ gcfPdf 7]Ssf
tf]l8g]5 .
-@_ o;/L :jLs[t ePsf] 7]Ssfsf] s/f/gfdf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t / ;DjlGwt
JolQm, lgsfo jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] ;fIfLsf] /f]xj/df x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s/f/gfdf ;DjGwL ljjfb k/]df s/f/ P]g, @)%^ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&= hdfgt tyf w/f}6LM -!_ k|To]s Kn6df ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] sjf]n cÍsf] % k|ltzt g]kfnL
gful/sn] / !) k|ltzt u}/ g]kfnL gful/sn] hdfgt /fVg'kg]{5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;ldlt÷;+:yfgn] s'g} hdfgt tyf w/f}6L
/fVg' gkg]{ lg0f{o jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*= jg k]zL -k"lh{_ Ohfht kqM -!_ jg lgodfjnL, @)%! cg';f/sf] jg k]zL -k"lh{_ Ohfhtkq
s/f/gfdf u/]sf] @! lbg leq lnO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] pQm Dofbleq
k"lh{ glnPdf 7]Ssf tf]8L ;f] jfkt /fv]sf] w/f}6L ;d]t hkmt ul/g]5 . ;ldlt÷;+:yfgn] klg
s/f/gfdf u/]sf] @! lbg leq jg k]zL -k"lh{_ glnPdf s/f/gfdf /2 ul/g]5 / ;f]xL Kn6 k'g
pknJw u/fOg] 5}g .
♣
-@_ o; lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ jg k]zL -k"lh{_ sflt{s ! ut] b]lv h]i7 !% ut];Dd dfq
χ

lbOg]5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

5
 kl/R5]b–#
?v s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL tyf 3f6u2L ;DjGwL Joj:yf
(= s6fg d'5fg ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ s/f/gfdfdf pNn]v ePsf] ldltb]lv g} JolQm jf lgsfon]
jg k]zL -k"hL{_ lnO{ sfd z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] s6fg sfo{df ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{ sfdbf/ / k|ltlglw
-Ph]G6_ sf] tLg k':t] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf ;d]t vf]nL lhNnf jg sfof{nodf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s6fgL ;DjGwL sfo{df ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] sfd nufpbf :yfgLo JolQmnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ 6fFrf nfu]sf] ?vx? dfq s6fg ug'{ kg]{5 . ?v s6fg ubf{ km]bdf 5kfg ePsf] tNnf]
6fFrf k|i6 b]lvg] u/L 5f]8\g'kg]{5 .
-%_ 5kfg ePsf ?vx? pv]Ng] zt{ ePdf ;f]xL adf]lhd h/fb]lv pv]Ng ;lsg] 5 . ?v
sf6\g] sfo{ jGr/f], xft]cf/f, kfj/ d]lzgn] ug{ ;lsg]5 . 5kfg ePsf ;j} ?vx? s6fg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ s6fgL ePsf] jg If]q / k'g{jf; tyf
j;f]jf; If]qdf h/f 7"6fx?sf] dfq ;Íngsf] nflu Ohfht lbg ;lsg] 5 . t/ e"–Ifo
x'g] / k|fs[lts k'g?Tyfg sfo{df k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ b]lvPdf h/f 7"6f lgsfNgnfO{ clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] dgfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ s6fg ePsf ?vx?nfO{ plrt tl/sfn] lu+8f (Sectioning) u/L pko'Qm ;fOhsf]
x'g] u/L uf]lnofx? tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . aNnf aNnL / uf]lnof x'g] sf7nfO{ bfp/fdf
kl/0ft ug'{ x'Fb}g . To;/L g} bfp/fsf] ?kdf dfq k|of]u x'g] cj:yfsf] af+uf]l6+uf],
wf]qf], dlSsPsf] / bfp/fsf] kl/efiff leq kg]{ sf7nfO{ uf]lnofdf kl/0ft ug'{ x'bF g} .
-*_ s6fg d'5fg sfo{sf] /]vb]v ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfjZos ;+Vofdf
k|fljlws sd{rf/L v6fpg'kg]{5 . uf]lnof tof/ ug]{ sfo{ / sf7sf] jlu{s/0f
ug]{ sfo{ lhNnf jg clws[tn] ljz]if Wofg lbO{ ;do;dodf Kn6sf] lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
♠
-*s_ Kn6df ?v s6fg d'5fg ubf{ 5kfg ul/Psf ?vx? dWo] ;DjlGwt Onfsf jg
δ

sfof{nosf ;xfos jg clws[taf6 @% k|ltzt / lhNnf jg clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf]

k|fljlwsaf6 !) k|ltzt lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

6
 -(_ s6fg u/LPsf ?vx?af6 lg:s]sf uf]lnof / bfp/fsf] nut s6fg /lhi6/df cg";"rL–#
adf]lhd pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ pQm s6fg ePsf k|To]s uf]lnof sf7df 5kfg ?v gDj/, lu08f gDj/
-k|To]s ?vaf6 lg:s]sf] s'g uf]lnof xf] ;f] _ / uf]lnofsf] gfk ;fOh -uf]nfO{ tyf nDjfO{_
;d]t ;j} :ki6;Fu b]lvg] u/L Ogfd]nn] n]Vg'kg]{5 .
-!!_ k|To]s Kn6df s6fg ePsf ?v / ;f]af6 lg:s]sf lu08fx?sf] nut ljj/0f
cg";"rL–$ adf]lhd kGw|/f]hf kmf/ddf pNn]v u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!@_ 5kfg ePsf ?vx? afx]s cGo ?vx? gf]S;fg ePdf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod
!* / ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL–& adf]lhd ljuf] sfod ul/g]5 .
!)= sf7 bfp/f 9'jfgL tyf 3f6u2L ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ bkmf ( cg';f/sf] nut ePsf
uf]lnof sf7 tyf bfp/f lhNnf jg clws[taf6 rf/ lsNnf v'nfO{ tf]s]sf] 7fpFdf 3f6u2L ug'{
kg]{5 . t/ l;dfjtL{ If]qdf l;dfgf b]lv % ls=ld= leq / ;Mldn If]q leq 3f6u2L ug{ lbOg]
5}g .
-@_ ns8L 3f6u2L ug]{ 7fpF ;s];Dd hËn jflx/sf] ;'/lIft 7fpFdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
hËnIf]q leq g} sf7 bfp/fsf] 3f6u2L ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf k/]df I]fqLo jg lgb]{zssf] k"j{
:jLs[tL lnO{ lhNnf jg clws[tn] lglZrt If]q 5'6\ofO{ 3f6u2L ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ hËn If]q aflx/ sf7 bfp/f 3f6u2L ug{ pko'Qm 7fpF pknJw ge} s'g} JolQm ljz]ifsf]
gDj/L cfjfbL hUufdf 3f6u2L ug'{ kbf{ ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] hUufwgLsf] lnlvt
:jLs[tL lnO{ 3f6u2L sfod ug{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{nodf dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s6fg u/]sf] Kn6af6 3f6u2L ug]{ :yfg;Dd 9'jfgL ug'{ kg]{ sf7 bfp/f 9'jfgL ug'{ kbf{
cg';"rL–% adf]lhd /dfgf k"hL{ e/]/ ;DjlGwt 9'jfgL ug]{ uf8fjfg / ;jf/L rfnsnfO{
lbO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . 3f6u2Ldf pQm /dfgf k"hL{ cg';f/sf] sf7 bfp/f ;DjlGwt lgsfosf]
JolQmn] a'‰g' kg]{5 . /dfgf k"hL{df lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] 5fk nfu]sf] / Kn6 lg/LIf0fdf
v6LPsf] sd{rf/L / ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ sf7 9'jfgL ubf{ lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]lslbPsf] af6f] dfq k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ 9'jfgL ug]{ k|To]s uf]lnofsf] b'j}lt/ æhfÆ 6fFrf nufpg' kg]{5 . ;f] 6fFrf gnufO{ sf7
3f6u2Ldf Nofpg' x'Fbg} .
-&_ kxf8L If]q jf cGo ljs6 If]qsf] Kn6af6 3f6u2L;Dd sf7 9'jfgL ug{ uf]lnof
lr/fg gu/L ;Dej gx'g] ePdf If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ xft] cf/faf6
uf]lnof lr/fg u/L 3f6u2L ug{ lhNnf jg clws[tn] Ohfht lbg ;Sg]5 . pQm
lr/fg ul/Psf] uf]lnof tyf lr/fg sf7 k|To]ssf] nut /fVg' kg]{5 .

7
 ♠ε
-&s_ 3f6u2Ldf cfPsf sf7bfp/f dWo] ;DjlGwt Onfsf jg sfof{nosf ;xfos
jg clws[taf6 @% k|ltzt, lhNnf jg clws[taf6 !) k|ltzt / If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsaf6 % k|ltzt lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ s6fg If]qdf g} sf7 bfp/fsf] d"NofÍgsf] :6Dk]h Eofn' (Stumpage Value) sf] cfwf/df
/fh:j lng'kg]{ sf7sf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lgsfon] /fh:j j'emfO{ ljdfsf{ lnO{ ;s]kl5 dfq
uf]lnof sf7 lr/fg ug{ kfpg]5 .
-(_ Kn6df ePsf] 5kfg ?vx?sf] d"NofÍg s} cfwf/df lnnfd k|yfaf6 pknJw
u/fOPsf] Kn6df ePsf] sf7sf] xsdf eg] lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;sf/ d"No lnO{ uf]lnof
sf7 lr/fg ug{ lbO{ lr/fg sf7df ljdfsf{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ 3f6u2Ldf uf]lnof sf7 rfª (Pile) nufP/ /fVg' kg]{5 . rfª nufpbf nfdf]
uf]lnof ;j} eGbf tn / 5f]6f] uf]lnof dfly x'g] u/L qmdzM ldnfP/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
bfp/fsf] xsdf @) kmL6 ×% kmL6 × % kmL6sf] r§f jgfO{ r§f gDa/ Ogfd]nn]
n]v]/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ 3f6u2Ldf cfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ sf7 / bfp/fsf] hft / ;fOh v'n]sf] nut 3f6u2L /lhi6/
v8f u/L cg';"rL–^ adf]lhd tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]5{ . /dfgf k"hL{ / 3f6u2Lsf] nut
clgjfo{ ?kdf le8\g] x'g' kg]{5 .
-!@_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ sf7 bfp/fsf] kl/df0fsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] kGw|
/f]hf kmd{ e/L Kn6df vl6Psf sd{rf/Lx? / sfd ug]{ JolQm jf lgsfon] lgoldt ?kdf
lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!#_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf sf7 bfp/fsf] cfunfuLaf6 gf]S;fgL x'g glbg clUg lgoGq0fsf] plrt
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L g} sf7 bfp/f rf]/L lgsf;L ug{ gkfpg] u/L kfnf] kx/fsf]
Joj:yf ;d]t ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–$
sf7 gfk ;fOh, d"No lgwf{/0f / /fh:j c;'nL ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!!= sf7sf] gfk ;fOh ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ sf7sf] nDjfO{ gfKbf ^ O{GrL eGbf d'lgsf] gfk
5fl8lbg] / ^ O{GrL jf ^ O{GrL eGbf dfly !@ O{GrL;Dd nfdf]nfO{ ! km'6 sfod ul/g] 5 .
nDjfO{sf] 5]plt/ rf/kf6] kf/]/ glr/]sf] sf7x?sf] xsdf ;j}eGbf nfdf] tkm{ nDjfO{ sfod
ul/g]5 .

♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

8
 -@_ sf7sf] rf}8fO{, df]6fO{ jf uf]nfO{ gfKbf cfwf O{GrL eGbf sd gfksf] efu 5fl8lbg] / cfwf
O{GrL eGbf a9Lsf] gfknfO{ ! O{GrL sfod ul/g]5 .
-#_ uf]lnof sf7sf] uf]nfO{ gfKbf km]bk§Lsf] Jof; !) O{GrLf♣ eGbf a9L eP sf7sf]
uf]nfO{sf] gfk ;f] sf7sf] jLrdf lng' kg]{5 . gfkL ug]{ JolQmn] gfk]sf] 7fpdf lrgf]
nufpg' kg]{5 / hfFr ug]{n] klg ;f]xL 7fFpdf gfk]/ hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ sf7 gfKbf wf]qf] / dlSsPsf] efunfO{ 5'6\ofO{ gfKg' kb{5 . o;/L 5'6\ofOg]
wf]qf] / dlSsPsf] efu htLsf] cfotg jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL–& df
pNn]v eP cg';f/ u/L v'b cfotg sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] wf]qf] / dlSsPsf] efu
s6fpg] sfo{ lhNnf jg clws[tn] :ofDknLË (Sampling) u/L hfFra"em ;d]t ug'{
kg]{5 .
!@= d"No lgwf{/0f / /fh:j c;"nL ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ jg hËnsf] s6fg If]qdf g} sf7
bfp/fsf] gfk ;fOh u/L jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL–@ df tf]lsPsf] /fh:j b/
adf]lhd d"NofÍg :6Dk]h Eofn' (Stumapage Value) ul/P cg';f/ s} /fh:j /sd sf7 /
bfp/fsf] ljdfsf{ ug'{ cuf8L g} ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 lhNnf jg sfof{non] a'lemlnO{ ;j{;l~rt
sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu s6fg If]qdf g} sf7 bfp/fsf] gfk ;fOh u/L d"NofÍs (Stumapage
Value) ul/P cg';f/ s} /fh:j /sd eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ s'g} lgsfonfO{
v8f ?v g} pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yfdf 5kfg ePsf ?vx?af6 pknJw x'g] sf7
bfp/fsf] v'b cfotgnfO{ / 9nfk9f ?vx? s6fg d'5fg u/L pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yfsf
?vx?nfO{ lu08f u/L gfk ;fOh ePsf] sf7 bfp/fsf] kl/df0fnfO{ jg lgodfjnL, @)%!
sf] cg';"rL–@ df tf]lsPsf] d"Non] u'0fg u/L sfod x'g] d"NonfO{ g} d"NofÍg (Stumapage
Value) xf] eGg] :ki6 7fGg' kb{5 .

-#_ s6fg ug{ ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] Kn6df ;j} ?vx? s6fg d'5fg ug'{kg]{ / sf7 /
bfp/fx? p7fO n}hfg' kg]{5 . o;/L sf7 / bfp/fx? p7fO gnu]df klg gfk÷;fOh eP
cg';f/ s} /fh:j /sd ;DjlGwt lgsfon] clgjfo{ j'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ s6fg Kn6 gfk k}dfO; ul/Psf] sf7 bfp/fsf] gfk ;fOh / kl/df0f, 3f6u2Ldf ePsf]
sf7 bfp/fsf] gfk ;fOh / kl/df0f km/s k/]df h'g a9L x'G5 ;f]xL gfk ;fOh / kl/df0f
cg';f/sf] /fh:j ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfoaf6 c;"n ul/g]5 .
-%_ h/f 7"6f;Fu hf]l8Psf] sf7sf] d"No jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL–@ sf] v08 -!_
cg';f/ / h/f 7"6fsf] d'No ;f]xL cg';"rL sf] v08 -@_ cg';f/ lng' kg]{5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 ;RofOPsf]

9
 kl/R5]b %
sf7, bfp/f / v8f ?v laqmL–ljt/0f ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!#= 3f6u2L ePsf] sf7, bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;ldlt / ;+:yfg sfo{/t
gePsf] lhNnfsf] jg If]qdf lhNnf jg sfof{non] g} ?vx? s6fg d'5fg u/L 3f6u2L u/]sf]
sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f ;DjGwdf dfq of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
-@_ bkmf !) cg';f/ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ sf7 bfp/fsf] kl/df0fsf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] !%
/f]hf lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k|fKt ePkl5 lhNnf jg clws[tn] @! lbg leq sf7sf] hft,
;fOh, u'0f:t/ ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL a9Ldf !))) So"= kmL= ;Ddsf] n6 jgfO{ lnnfd
laqmLsf] nflu cfly{s lgodfg';f/ ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f ubf{ clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf]
cg';"rL–@ df lgwf{/0f ePsf] d"Nodf laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
♣
g
-$_ sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f / Dofb yk ;DjGwL k|lqmof cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL
lgofdfjnL, @)%^ -xfn cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$_ cg';f/ x'g]5 .
♣
h
-%_ sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/fpg] clwsf/ jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod
^^ cg';f/ x'g]5 .
!$= v8f ?v laqmL ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ x6fpg'
kg]{ ?vx? l56f], 5l/tf] s6fgL ug"{kg]{ / ljs6 7fpFdf s6fg u/L 3f6u2L ug{ c;lhnf]
x'g] Kn6x?sf] v8f ?v g} clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sf7 bfp/f d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df
cfly{s P]g, lgodsf] kl/lw leq /xL lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L v8f ?v laqmL
ubf{ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] # b]lv !) ;Ddsf bkmfx?df pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfx? kfngf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s Kn6sf] x'g] d"NofÍgsf] % k|ltzt g]kfnL gful/sn] / ;f] sf] !) k|ltzt u}/
g]kfnL gful/sn] hdfgt /fVg' kg]{5 . sf7 laqmL ;b/ gePdf hdfgt lkmtf{
lbOg] 5 . hdfgt /sd j}+s vftfdf hDdf u/L ef}r/ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . s/f/gfdf
cg';f/sf] sfo{ ;DkGg eP kl5 clGtd hfFr u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] s§f ug'{ kg]{
/sd s§f u/L afFsL hdfgt jf w/f}6L ljgf Jofh lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ kxf8L If]qsf] nflu 3/sfh, b}jL k|sf]k, s[lif cf}hf/ / ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ sf7 laqmL–ljt/0f ubf{ d"NofÍg u/L dfu adf]lhdsf] ns8Lsf]
kl/df0fdf ga9\g] u/]/ v8f ?v g} s6fg u/L n}hfg ;DjlGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{
lhNnf jg clws[tn] Ohfht lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ ;8s ;'ljwf ePsf] 7fpFdf
7]Ssfdf ;~rfng ePsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] sf7
cGoqsf] ;ldlt ;+:yfg jf cGo lgsfoaf6 vl/b u/L lng' kg]{5 . ;8s ;'ljwf gePsf]

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

10
 7fpFdf 7]Ssfdf ;~rfng u/]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu eg] jg ljefusf] k"j{
:jLs[ltdf jf]n sjf]n adf]lhds} /sd lng] u/L nfut cg'dfg adf]lhdsf] sf7 lhNnf
jg clws[tn] pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b–^
j]jfl/;L jf bl/ofa"lb{ sf7 ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!%= j]jfl/;L jf bl/ofa"lb{ sf7 ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ gbL vf]nfn] aufO{ NofPsf], lsgf/f nfu]sf],
c8\s]sf], 8'j]sf], 6fFrf nfu]sf] jf gnfu]sf] / s'g} xs k|df0f gk'u]sf] sf7 g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;DkQL 7xl/g]5 .
-@_ o:tf ;j} sf7x? jg clws[tn] tf]lslbPsf] s'g} l8kf]df hDdf u/L xfgL–gf]S;fgL gx'g]
Joj:yf ldnfO{ /f]Ssf /fvg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o;/L l8kf]df hDdf x'g cfpsf] sf7sf] lsl;d / kl/df0f v'nfO{ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfaf6
xsbfjLsf] nflu ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] !% lbgsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Lsf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;DjlGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] xsbfjLsf] ;j'b k|df0f
;lxtsf] lgj]bg pQm jg sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o;/L kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bg pk/ lhNnf jg clws[tn] txlssft u/L u/fO{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{
xsbfjL k'u] gk'u]sf] s'/fsf] lg0f{o u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L lgj]bsnfO{ pknJw u/fpg'
kg]{5 . s;}sf] xsbfjL k'u]sf] 7x/]df lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfˆgf] nfut vr{ lghaf6
c;"n pk/ u/L lghnfO{ sf7 pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] xsbfjL gk'Ug] egL u/]sf] lg0f{odf lrQga'‰g] JolQm
jf ;+:yfn] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq ;DjlGwt If]qLo jg
lgb]{zs ;dIf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] /f]Ssf u/]sf] To:tf] sf7 ;8LunL, gf]S;fgL eO{ 36\g uPsf] v08df
s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] pQm gf]S;fgLsf] xh{gf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf jg clws[taf6 bfjL ug{
kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ s;}sf] xsbfjL gePsf] To:tf] sf7x? tf]lsP adf]lhd laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ lhNnf jg
clws[tn] ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ hËn If]qdf ePsf] bl/ofj'lb{ sf7sf] nut u/L lhNnf jg sfof{non] g} ;Íng u/L
lgodfg';f/ lnnfd laqmLsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no cfkm}n] laqmL–ljt/0f
gu/L k|rlnt /fhZj lnO{ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ pknJw u/fpg klg ;Sg] 5 . o:tf]

11
 bl/ofa'lb{ ns8Lsf] laqmL–ljt/0faf6 k|fKt x'g] /sddWo] krf; k|ltzt /sd lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf pknJw u/fO{ jfsL /sd ;j{;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-!)_ cfjfbL If]qsf] gbL vf]nfdf ePsf] bl/ofj"lb{ sf7sf] lhNnf jg sfof{non] nut
u/L ;Íng u/fO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] cWoIftfdf :yfgLo ljsf;
clwsf/L / lhNnf jg clws[t ;d]tsf] ;ldltn] lnnfd laqmL Joj:yf ug]{5 . o:tf]
bl/ofj"lb{ sf7sf] laqmL–ljt/0faf6 k|fKt x'g] /fhZj /sd dWo] krf; k|ltzt /sd
;DjlGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifnfO{ pknJw u/fO{ jFfsL /sd ;j{;l~rt
sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ o;/L j]jfl/;L jf bl/ofj"lb{ sf7sf] laqmL–ljt/0faf6 ;DjlGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd dWo]af6 krf; k|ltzt /sd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf
leqsf] jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ljsf; ;DjGwL lglZrt of]hgf jgfO{ ;f] of]hgf
sfof{Gjogdf vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 . of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg If]qLo jg
lgb{]zgfnoaf6 x'g]5 .
♣
i
-!@_ bl/ofj"lb{ sf7 sflt{s dlxgfb]lv h]i7 !% ut] leq ;Íng tyf 3f6u2L ug'{kg]{
5 . o;/L ;+slnt sf7sf] 5f]8k"hL{ lnO{ h]i7 d;fGt leq 3f6u2Laf6 p7fO
;Sg'kg]{5 . pQm Dofb leq 3f6u2Laf6 sf7 p7fO{ n}hfg g;s]df b}jL k|sf]k
k/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s csf]{ cfly{s jif{df Dofb yk ul/g] 5}g .

kl/R5]b–&
sf7 bfp/f laqmL, lgsf;L / ;b'kof]u ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!^= ljdfsf{ / laqmL ePsf] sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] sf7
bfp/fsf] nfUg] /fhZj ;DjlGwt lgsfon] a'emfP kl5 ;f] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] sf7 gfk d}dfO;
u/L lhNnf jg clws[tn] & lbg leq ljdfsf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljdfsf{ ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ljdfsf{ u/L d'r'Nsf
p7fpsf] @$ 306f leq -af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s_ ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;f] ;DjGwL sfuhkq
lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ljdfsf{ ePsf] sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ug{ vl/b stf{n] dfu u/]sf] 7fpF;Dd -g]kfn /fHo
leq_ n}hfg a9Ldf @! lbgsf] dofb tf]sL lhNnf jg sfof{non] lgsf;L Ohfhtkq lbg'
kg]{5 . o;/L Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/] kl5 vl/bstf{n] Dofb leq sf7 3f6u2Laf6 p7fO{
n}hfg' kb{5 .
♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

12
 -$_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgsf] nflu ljdfsf{ ePsf] sf7 bfp/fsf] xsdf lhNnfsf] dfu cfk"lt{
u/L;s]kl5 dfq afFsL /xg] sf7 bfp/f cGoq laqmL–ljt/0f ul/g] x'Fbf sf7 bfp/f ;8\g
gkfpg] u/L plrt ;do leq} 3f6u2Laf6 lgsf;L ug]{ Joj:yf ;ldlt tyf ;+:yfgn] g}
ldnfpg' kg]{5 . o;df 3f6u2Laf6 sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ug{ ;dosf] xb nfug] 5}g .
-%_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgaf6 -s_ u|fld0f hgtfsf] 3/sfhsf] nflu, -v_ hg;xeflutfåf/f ul/g]
;fgf nfutsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{sf nflu / -u_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ tyf s[lif cf}hf/sf]
nflu laqmL–ljt/0f ul/Psf] sf7 bfp/f ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
♦
-^_ ==================.
♦
-&_ ==================.
♦
j -*_ =================.
♦
-(_ =================.
♠
!^ s= sf7 bfp/fsf] cf];f/ k;f/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ /Ltk"j{s laqmL k|lqmof k'/f u/L vl/bstf{n]
vl/b u/]sf] sf7 bfp/f Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf cf];f/ k;f/ ug'{kbf{ cf];f/ k;f/ ug]]{ ;jf/L
;fwgdf /flvPsf] sf7 bfp/fdf Uofljog tf/ jf To:t} alnof] cGo wft'sf] tf/n] Ps jf PseGbf
a9L 7fpFdf l;njGbL ug]{ sfo{ jg sfof{nosf clws[t jf lghn] v6fPsf] sDtLdf /]~h/:t/sf
sd{rf/Ln] ;DjlGwt vl/bstf{ jf lghsf] k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] /f]xj/df ug]{ / ul/Psf] l;njGbLsf]
Joxf]/f tyf af6f]sf] ?6 ;d]t tf]sL :yfgfGt/0f Ohfht lbO rnfgLdf b/kL7 u/L k7fpFg' kg]{5 . sf7
bfp/fdf l;njGbL ug]{ Uofljog tf/ jf To:t} alnof] cGo wft'sf] tf/df nufOg] cflwsfl/s
5fksf] 9fFrf jg ljefun] tf]sL lhNnf lhNnfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd rnfg ePsf] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwgsf] clGtd uGtJo ljGb'sf] r]skf]i6df
dfq lg/LIf0f tyf b/kL7 ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd rnfg eO{ cfPsf] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwg uGtJosf] cgnf]8 ug]{
If]qdf k|j]z ug'{ k"j{ clGtd r]skf]i6df ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf Onfsf jg
sfof{nosf] jg clws[t jf lghn] v6fPsf] sd{rf/Laf6 r]shfFr u/L 5f8\g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clGtd r]skf]i6af6 lg/LIf0f eO{ ;s]kl5 ;DjlGwt dfnwgLn] g}
cfˆgf] cg's"n uf]bfddf nuL l;njGbL vf]nL cgnf]8 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd 9'jfgL ;fwg lg/LIf0f ubf{ oyfj:yfsf] l;njGbL leq clgoldttf
e]l6Pdf k|yd :yfgdf l;njGbL u/L rnfg Ohfht lbg] clwsf/L / sf7 bfp/f k7fpg]
dfnwgL ;d]t pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-^_ l;njGbL g} gu/L l;njGbL u/]sf] eGbf a9L sf7 bfp/f cf];f/ k;f/ u/]df ;DjlGwt
9'jfgLstf{ jf dfnwgL pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 .

♦
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf]
♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

13
 -&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l;n eO{ cfPsf] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwg lalu|g uO{ jf b'3{6gf eO{
jf To:t} cGo sf/0f k/L l;n 6'6\g uPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;fwgdf /x]sf] sf7 bfp/f
;f]xL ;fwgdf jf csf]{ ;fwgdf k'gM nf]8 u/L 9'jfgL u/fpg' kbf{ 36gf 36\g uPsf]
If]qsf] Onfsf jg sfof{noaf6 k'gM Ohfht lnO{ l;n u/L 9'jfgL ug'{ kg]{5 . l;n
u/L rnfg ePsf] :yfg / cgnf]8 ug]{ :yfgsf] aLrsf] r]skf]i6 gePdf cgnf]8
ug]{ :yfgsf] Onfsf jg sfof{nosf] jg clws[t jf lghn] v6fPsf] sDtLdf /]~h/:t/sf]
sd{rf/Ln] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf b/kL7 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ Ohfht kfPsf] sf7 bfp/f af]s]sf] ;fwgsf] l;n 6'6]sf] jf cGo s'g}
sf/0fn] zÍf nflu k'gM gfk k}dfO; ug'{ k/]df Ohfhtdf pNn]lvt gfk k}dfO;sf] -sf7sf]
v/fj efu afbs§L ul/Psf]_ kl/df0fdf tLg k|ltzt;Dd a9L ePdf ;f] sf] /fh:j lnO{
5fl8g]5 . t/ gfk k}dfO;df pNn]lvt k/Ldf0fdf tLg k|ltzt eGbf a9L km/s ePdf jf
Ohfhtdf pNn]v ePsf] uf]lnof tyf lr/fg sf7sf] ;+Vof / ;fOhdf km/s k/]df k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
!&= lr/fg Joj:yfM -!_ bkmf !^ cg';f/ ljdfsf{ ePsf] sf7 vl/bstf{n] ;Mldndf lr/fg ug{
rfx]df lhNnf jg sfof{no ;dIf ;DjlGwt ;Mldnsf] ;xdtL ;lxt lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . /
lhNnf jg clws[tn] cfjZos 5fgjLg u/L lr/fg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
k#
-@_ uf]lnof sf7 lr/fg ug]{ ;Mldn Joj;foLn] cg';"rL–& s sf] 9fFrfdf sf/f]jf/ u/]sf]
sf7sf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] lgoldt clen]v /fvL lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k|To]s dlxgf
df:s]jf/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . Aof08 ;M /fvL sf7 tyf kmlg{r/sf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ l8kf]n]
sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f lhNnf jg sfof{nodf rf}dfl;s ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
l♠
-@s_ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 vl6O{ cfpg] sDtLdf /]~h/:t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ sfi7 Joj;foLn]
lg/LIf0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'/fpg' kg]{5 / lg/LIf0f ;DjGwL ljj/0f k|dfl0ft u/fO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ bkmf !^ adf]lhd 5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] uf]lnof sf7 ;Mldndf lr/fg u/L vl/bstf{, ;Mldn
tyf kmlg{r/ pBdL / cGo Joj;foLn] g]kfn /fHoleq laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . t/ o;/L
lr/fg ePsf] sf7 cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ ;Mldn jf kmlg{r/ jf Joj;foLn] cfˆgf] pTkfbg
egL lhNnf jg sfof{nodf btf{ u/]sf] kmnfd] 6fFrf lr/fg sf7sf] b'j} tkm{ nufO{ cf];f/
k;f/sf] nflu ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . k|fKt lgj]bg pk/
hfFr u/L lhNnf jg clws[tn] 5f]8k"hL{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;ldlt / ;+:yfgn] pknAw u/]sf] uf]lnof sf7 cfˆg} ;Mldndf lr/fg ug'{ kbf{ lhNnf jg
sfof{noaf6 lr/fg cfb]z lng' kg]{5}g . t/ uf]lnof sf7af6 pTkfbg x'g] lr/fg sf7sf]
nfut eg] lhNnf jg sfof{nodf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

#
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

14
 -%_ ;ldlt / ;+:yfgn] lr/fg u/]sf] sf7 cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6
5'§} 5f]8k"hL{ lng' kg]{5}g . cfˆgf] ljn / lgsf;L k"hL{sf] cfwf/df g} lr/fg sf7
cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ kfOg] 5 . lhNnf jflx/ lgsf;L ug{ nfu]sf] sf7sf] nut eg] lhNnf
jg sfof{nonfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ ;Mldn kmlg{r/ pBf]u tyf Joj;foLn] kmnfd] 6fFrf agfO{ kfFr;o ?k}of b:t'/
;lxt lhNnf jg sfof{nodf 6fFrf btf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] lgj]bg pk/ lhNnf
jg clws[tn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L 6fFrf btf{ u/L lbg' kg]{5 . pQm 6frfnfO{
k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ? @)).– -b'O{ ;o_ b:t'/ j'emfO{ gljs/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . gljs/0f
gePsf] 6fFrf cf];f/ k;f/ ug]{ sf7df k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o;/L jgfOg] 6fFrfdf
lhNnfsf] 5f]6s/Ldf gfd pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*= sf7 bfp/f pkof]u Joj:yfM -!_ cfkm"n] ;Íng u/L 3f6u2L u/]sf] sf7 bfp/fsf] plrt
;dod} ;b'kof]u Joj:yf ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ldnfpg' kb{5 .
-@_ nfdf] ;do;Dd sf7 bfp/f laqmL–ljt/0f gu/L 3f6u2Ldf To;} /fvL sf7 bfp/fsf]
x}l;ot x|f; ePdf ;f] sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfon] g} lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ o;sf] nflu k|rlnt /fhZj d"No eGbf 36L x'g] u/L x|f;s§L jf ldGxf ug]{ Joj:yf x'g]
5}g .
!(= Dofb lbg] / Dofb yk ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ Kn6df sf7 bfp/f s6fg ug{ tyf 9'jfgL u/L
3f6u2L;Dd Nofpgsf] nflu Kn6sf] ;fOh / sfdsf] dfqf x]/L clwsf/L / ;DjlGwt lgsfon]
5nkmn u/L s/f/gfdf -zt{gfdf_ df Dofbsf] cjlw pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . s/f/gfdf
lbOPsf] Dofb leq ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] Kn6df s6fg d'5fg u/L sf7 bfp/f 3f6u2L
ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o;/L s/f/gfdf pNn]v ePsf] Dofb leq ;DjlGwt JolQm jf lgsfon] sfd ;DkGg ug{
g;s]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ Dofb yksf] nflu dfu u/]df / lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{ pQm sf/0f
dgfl;j nfu]df rfn' jif{ jf csf]{ cfly{s jif{df ;d]t k6s k6s u/L Ps dlxgf;Dd
Dofb yk lbg ;lsg]5 . o;/L Dofb yksf] nflu dfu ubf{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] &
lbg leq Dofb yksf] nflu lgj]bg lbO{;Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ of] cjlw leq klg sfd g;sL jg k}bfjf/ lgsf;L ug]{ JolQm jf lgsfoaf6 Dofb
yksf] nflu k'gM dfu ePdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] cfˆgf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt If]qLo jg
lgb]{zs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] cfjZos 7x¥ofPdf a9Ldf b'O{
dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] lbPsf] yk Dofb
leq klg Kn6df sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df o:tf JolQm jf lgsfonfO{ s/f/gfdfdf
pNn]v eP ;f]xL adf]lhd / geP cfly{s P]g lgodfg';f/ sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-$_ 3f6u2Laf6 laqmL ePsf] sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ug{sf nflu lhNnf jg clws[tn] a9Ldf @!
lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 . pQm Dofb leq vl/bstf{n] sf7 bfp/f p7fpg g;sL dgfl;j

15
 sf/0f vf]nL lhNnf jg clws[t ;dIf Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq lgj]bg
lbPdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] & lbgsf] Dofb yk ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pQm yk Dofb leq klg sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ug{ g;s]df lhNnf jg clws[tn]
l;kml/; ;lxt k|ltj]bg If]qLo jg lgb]{zs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / lghn] dgfl;j
7x¥ofPdf vl/bstf{nfO{ sf7 bfp/f p7fpg a9Ldf !% lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yk ul/
lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ ;f] Dofb leq klg sf7 bfp/f p7fpg g;s]df If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsn] l;kmfl/; ;lxt k|ltj]bg dxflgb]{zs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . dxflgb]{zsn] plrt
b]v]df a9Ldf Ps dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb yk ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgsf] xsdf eg] 3f6u2Laf6 sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L ug]{ Dofbsf] xb nfu" x'g]
5}g . 3f6u2L ePsf] sf7 bfp/f ;8\g gkfpg] u/L plrt ;do leq} pkof]usf] Joj:yf
;ldlt / ;+:yfgn] ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq ;DjlGwt lgsfon] Dofb yksf] nflu dfu gu/]df kl5 s'g} klg
xfntdf Dofb yk ul/g] 5}g .
-*_ dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ sfd ug{ g;Sg] JolQm jf lgsfon] eljiodf jg ;DjGwL
7]Ssf k§f lng gkfpg] u/L clen]v /fvL lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;DjlGwt sfuhftx? /
clen]v If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fO{ jg ljefudf ;d]t ;f] sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–*

;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fpg] ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@)= ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yfM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t jg
sfo{ of]hgf (Managment plan/Working Scheme) df pNn]v ul/Psf] kl/df0fsf] jg k}bfjf/
-;'v8, 9nfk8f / bl/ofa"lb{ ;d]taf6_ ;Íng ul/g]5 .
-@_ o;/L ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] sf7 bfp/fsf] 5kfg d'NofÍg u/L ;s]kl5 ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgaf6
dfu e} cfPdf kl/df0f / hft vf]nL h]i7 !% ;Dd ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ lhNnf jg
sfof{non] Kn6 tf]sL x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ sfo{of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] jflif{s kl/df0fdf jg hËnsf] x}l;ot glju|g] u/L sf7
bfp/fsf] ;Íng / lgsf;L ul/;s]kl5 ;f] jgaf6 s;}nfO{ klg s'g} k|sf/sf] sfo{
-b}jL k}sf]k, ljsf; lgdf{0f, 3/sfh cflb_ sf] nflu sf7 bfp/fsf] Joj:yf ul/g]
5}g .
-$_ pk/]fQm adf]lhd pknJw x'g] Kn6x?af6 ;ldlt jf ;+:yfg cfkm}n] jf cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/Ldf
7]Ssfk§faf6 sf7 bfp/f ;Íng ug]{5 .

16
 m♣
-%_ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] nflu sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ug{ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgn] lhNnfsf]
d'Vo d'Vo j:tLdf cfjZostfg';f/ laqmL l8kf] /flv jf :yfgLo clws[t l8n/sf]
Joj:yf u/L laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L laqmL–ljt/0f ubf{ bfp/f, aNnfaNnL /
lr/fg jf uf]lnof sf7 dfq laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ u|fld0f hgtfnfO{ 3/sfh, s[lif cf}hf/, b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ / ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgfnfO{
cfjZos kg]{ sf7, bfp/fsf] cfk"lt{ u/]/ dfq afFsL /xg] sf7 bfp/f ;ldlt / ;+:yfgn]
Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus k|of]hgsf] nflu cGoq laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ kfpg]5 .
-&_ o;/L 7]Ssfk§faf6 sfo{ u/fpbf xfe]{li6Ë (Harvesting) sfo{df bIf Pj+ jgsf]
x}l;ot / jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L sfd ug]{ u/]sf] clen]v /x]sf] Ohfht
k|fKt ;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ Kn6df sfd ubf{ jg gLlt, P]g / lgodsf] k"0f{tM kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o;/L ;ldlt / ;+:yfgnfO{ sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fpbf o; lgb]{lzsfsf] # b]lv !)
;Ddsf bkmfx?df pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx? k"/f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-!)_ u|fld0f hgtfsf] 3/sfhsf] nflu sf7 bfp/f lgDgfg';f/ laqmL–ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ 3/sfhsf] nflu ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgn] lr/fg jf uf]lnof sf7, aNnf aNnL tyf bfp/f
pknJw u/fpg]5 . lr/fg sf7 pknJw u/fpbf lr/fg vr{, 9'jfgL vr{ cflb hf]8L
lr/fgsf] nflu k|lt So"= kmL6 b//]6 lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-v_ o; k|of]hgsf nflu 3/w'/L d"nLsf] gfd / 7]ufgfsf] clen]v /fv]/ /lhi6/df
pNn]v u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ Ps kl/jf/nfO{ ;DjlGwt ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] df]n lnO{ sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fOg]
5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rgsf] dtbftf gfdfjnL cg';f/ 3/w'/L sfod ug{
;lsg]5 .
-u_ sf7 bfp/fsf] ljt/0f lgDgfg';f/sf] kl/df0fdf x'g]5 M
n♣
-!_ kSsL 3/ lgdf{0fdf ;fn tyf cGo hft u/L lr/fg sf7 a9Ldf !)) So"= kmL= jf
uf]lnofsf sf7 !$) So"= kmL= ;Dd .
♣
-@_ km';sf] 3/ lgdf{0f ug]{ eP aNnfaNnL -;fn / cGo hft u/L_ yfg @) ;Dd /
lr/fg sf7 ;fn / cGo hft u/L @% So"= kmL= jf uf]lnof #% So"= kmL6;Dd lr/fg
sf7 dfq k|of]u ug]{ eP lr/fg sf7 %) So"= kmL= jf uf]lnof &) So"= kmL6;Dd .
-#_ 3/ dd{t ;'wf/ sfo{sf] nflu lr/fg sf7 a9Ldf @) So"= kmL= jf uf]lnof #) So"=
kmL6;Dd .
-$_ Ps jif{df Ps kl/jf/nfO{ a9Ldf ! r§f;Dd jf tf}nsf] cfwf/df ! r§fsf]
kl/df0fdf ga9\g] u/L bfp/f pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

17
 -3_ bfp/fsf] xsdf x/]s jif{ Pp6} 3/w'/LnfO{ dfly -@)_-!)_-u_ -$_ df pNn]v eP
adf]lhdsf] kl/df0fdf ga9\g] u/L bfp/f pknJw u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . t/ sf7sf]
xsdf eg] Ps k6s pknJw u/fO;s]kl5 b}jL k|sf]k afx]s cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu
k'gM pknJw u/fOg] 5}g .
-ª_ lghL k|of]usf] nflu k|fKt u/]sf] jg k}bfjf/ laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ kfOg]
5}g . laqmL–ljt/0f u/]sf] kfOPdf ;f] 3/w'/LnfO{ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgaf6 jg k}bfjf/
pknJw u/fpg aGb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!!_ hg;xefuLtf4f/f ul/g] ;fgf nfutsf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ sf7
bfp/f pknJw u/fOg] 5 M
-s_ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf7 bfp/f ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6
k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxt :jLs[t cg'dflgt nfut k|fKt eP kl5 ;f] sf] hfFr u/L
cg'dflgt nfut cg';f/ rflxg] lr/fg sf7 -;fn / cGo hft_ pknJw
u/fOg]5 .
-v_ o;/L pknJw u/fPsf] sf7sf] hft, kl/df0f / d"No ;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldlt / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . 7]Ssf k|yfåf/f ul/g] s'g} klg
ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf7 bfp/f eg] of] sfo{ljlw cGtu{t kg]{5}g .
-!@_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ tyf s[lif cf}hf/sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-s_ sf7 bfp/fsf] nflu lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; / sf7 bfp/fsf] nfut
cg'dfg lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 pknJw x'g' kg]5 { .
-v_ nut pknJw ubf{ kSsL 3/ jf km'; 3/ s] jgfpg] xf] ;f] ;d]t ljj/0f lng'
kg]{5 .
♣
o
-u_ o; sfo{sf] nflu ;fn aNnf aNnL !@ yfg jf ;Nnf / cGo hft u/L lr/fg sf7
@) So" kmL6 kl/df0f jf uf]lnof sf7 #) So"= kmL6 ;Ddsf] jg k}bfjf/ ;x'lnot
d"Nodf pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-3_ bfx;+:sf/sf] nflu a9Ldf cfwf r§f;Dd jf cfjZostf cg';f/ tf}nsf] cfwf/df
;x'lnot d"Nodf bfp/f pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-ª_ s[lif cf}hf/ -xnf], h'jf, x]+uf_ / b}jL k|sf]kdf k/]sfnfO{ lbOg] sf7df /fHoe/L g}
k|rlnt /fh:jsf] !) k|ltzt dfq d"No lnOg]5 . o;df sf7 bfp/fsf] s6fg, d'5fg
/ 9'jfgLsf] nfut vr{ yk x'g]5 . s6fg, d'5fg / 9'jfgLsf] nfut vr{ ;DjlGwt
;Íngstf{n] kfpg]5 .
-r_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgaf6 s[lif cf}hf/ -xnf], h'jf, x]+uf_ sf] nflu Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Ps
cfly{s jif{df Ps ;]6 tof/ xnf], h'jf, x]+uf jf ;f] sf] nflu & So"= kmL6;Ddsf]
uf]lnof sf7 pknJw u/fOg]5 .
♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

18
 kl/R5]b–(

cGo If]qdf sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@!= ;ldlt jf ;+:yfg gePsf lhNnfx?df sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;ldlt
jf ;+:yfg gePsf lhNnfx?df ;fd'bflos jgaf6 klg cfk"lt{ x'g g;Sg] c:yfdf lhNnf
jg sfof{noaf6 g} 3/sfh -3/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t_, b}jL k|sf]k, s[lif cf}hf/ / ljsf;
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu :jLs[t jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL sf7 bfp/f pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-@_ 3/sfh, b}jL k|sf]k tyf s[lif cf}hf/ k|of]hgsf nflu pknJw u/fOg] sf7 bfp/fsf]
kl/df0f / d"No cGo lhNnfdf tf]s]sf] ;/x g} x'g]5 .
-#_ hg;xefuLtf4f/f ;~rfng ul/g] ;fgf nfutsf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos
jgaf6 sf7 pknJw gePdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg
cg';f/sf] sf7 bfp/f lhNnf jg clws[tn] sfo{of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf] kl/df0fsf] clwgdf
/xL laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{5 .
-$_ cdfgtaf6 ;~rfng x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu sf7 bfp/f cGo ;|f]taf6 pknJw
geO{ jg If]qaf6 pknJw ug'{ kg]{ ePdf sfo{of]hgfn] tf]s]sf]] kl/df0fsf] clwgdf /xL
sf7 bfp/f lgodfg';f/ d"No lnO{ pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-%_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgn] sfd u/]sf] lhNnfsf] kxf8L e]udf kg]{ If]q -hxfF l8kf]af6 sf7
pknJw x'g ;Sb}g_ df klg dfly pkbkmf -$_ cg';f/ g} ul/g]5 .
-^_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] sf7 bfp/fsf] k"hL{ pknJw u/fpbf kl/R5]b @,#,$ / % df pNn]lvt
zt{x?sf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 . k"hL{df pNn]lvt sf7 bfp/fsf] kl/df0f eGbf !) k|ltzt;Dd
a9L ;Íng u/]df ;f]sf] d"No lnO{ lbOg] 5 . t/ ;f] eGbf a9L ;Íng u/]df a9L ePsf]
kl/df0f htL hkmt x'Fg]5 .
@@= lxdfnL If]qdf sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ lxdfnL If]qdf sf7 bfp/f
pknJw u/fpbf :jLs[t jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL ;s];Dd 9nfk8f, ;'v8af6
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ b'u{d If]q ljsf; ;ldltn] b'u{d If]q egL tf]s]sf] !# kxf8L lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ ufpF ljsf;
;ldlt / b'u{d If]qdf kg]{ ( kxf8L lhNnfsf s]xL ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?df lgDg sfo{ljlw
ckgfO{ jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL lhNnf jg sfof{non] kmlg{r/ pBf]ux?nfO{ sf7
bfp/f pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] ljleGg hftsf sf7x? a9Ldf !)) So"= kmL= ;Dd lgodfg';f/
sf] d"No lnO{ pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-v_ dfly -s_ df pNn]lvt kl/df0f Ps} k6sdf pknJw gu/fO{ k|yd k6s %) So"= kmL=
sf7 pknJw u/fpg ;Sg] 5 . p2]Zo cg'?k pQm sf7 ;b'kof]u eP gePsf] lhNnf

19
 jg clws[tn] cg'udg u/L ;b'kof]u ePsf] kfPdf afFsL %) So"= kmL= sf7 klg
;f]xL pBf]unfO{ pknJw u/fpg]5 .
♣
-u_ 9nfk8f, ;'v8 ?v pknJw gePdf ;]n]S;g l;:6dsf] cfwf/df l;NeLsNr/nL
pknJw x'g ;Sg] xl/of] ?v s6fgL u/L pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-3_ kmlg{r/ pBf]usf] nflu pknJw u/fOPsf] sf7 pBf]un] cw{ k|zf]lwt ?kdf -‰ofn
9f]sfsf rf}sf]; / kNnf_ AolQm ljz]ifnfO{ laqmL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ lxdfnL If]qdf 7]Ssf k§faf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg clws[tn] :jLs[t
jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] sf7 lgodfg';f/sf] d"No lnO{
pknJw u/fpg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!)

wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@#= wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu sf7 bfp/f cfk"lt{ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu afx]s k/Dk/f b]lv rlncfPsf] wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu sf7 bfp/f dfu ePdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f ul/lbP adf]lhd sf7 bfp/f lhNnf jg clws[tn] lgMz'Ns pknJw
u/fpg]5 .
-@_ wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu pknJw u/fPsf] sf7 bfp/fsf] kl/df0fsf] nfut lhNnf jg sfof{non]
jg ljefudf k|To]s cfly{s jif{df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o;/L pknJw u/fOPsf] sf7 bfp/f tf]lsPsf] sfo{ afx]s cGo sfo{df k|of]u ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
♣
p
-$_ bfx;+:sf/ / wfld{s sfo{ cflbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf7, bfp/fsf] xsdf jif{ e/L g}
;Íng u/L pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

kl/R5]b–!!

tfnLd, ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iff ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@$= tfnLd ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ Kn6df 5kfg ePsf ?vx?sf] s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL,
3f6u2L cflb sfo{df nufOg] sfdbf/x?nfO{ / o:tf sfdx?sf] lg/LIf0fdf vl6g]
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;d]t cfjZos kg]{ tfnLdsf] k|jGw ;DjlGwt lgsfon] g} ldnfpg'
kg]{5 .

♣
kxnf] ;+zf]wg

20
 -@_ s6fg d'5fgsf] sfo{df v6fOg] sfdbf/x?nfO{ sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] tfnLd
lbg'kg]{5 . o; ;DjGwL tfnLd k|fKt gePsf] jf cg'ej gePsf] JolQmnfO{ sfddf nufpg'
x'Fb}g .
-#_ sfdbf/x?sf] nflu tfnLd ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g . If]qLo jg tfnLd
s]Gb|af6 klg o; ;DjGwL tfnLd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ lg/LIf0fdf vl6g] sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu nluË (Logging) ;DjGwL tfnLd :j]b]zdf jf ljb]zdf
;d]t lbnfpg] Joj:yf ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .
@%= ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iff Joj:yfM -!_ SofDkdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x? tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
;DjlGwt lgsfon] SofDksf] ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iffsf] plrt k|jGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ vfg of]Uo kfgL (Potable) sf] nfuL >f]taf6 NofP/ jf jiff{bdf k/]sf] kfgLnfO{ hDdf ug]{
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sfdbf/sf] nflu kfgLsf] ;|f]t eGbf !)) ld6/ 6f9f /xg] u/L vfN8] rkL{
(Pit Latrin) jgfpg' kg]{5 . 9n lgsf;sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{5 / o:tf] lgsf; kfgLsf] ;|f]t
If]q, vf]nf gbLdf ;f]em} ul/g' x'Fb}g .
-$_ kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ kfgLsf] ;|f]t eGbf %) ld6/ 6f9f, jf6/ 6]j'n (Water Table) eGbf dfly
/ au]sf] ;txL kfgL gk:g] u/L vg]sf] vfN8f]df y'kfg'{ kb{5 . o;/L y'kf/]sf] kmf]xf]/nfO{
x/]s xKtfdf ! kmL6;Dd df6f]n] k'g]{ ug'{kb{5 .
-%_ SofDk If]qdf kfgLsf] /fd|/L lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5, nfdv'§]n] km"n
kfg]{ u/L kfgL hDg lbg' x'Fb}g .
-^_ xfjf gnfUg] 7fpFdf ;'/lIft ;fy vfgf ksfpg' kg]{5 . vfgf ksfO ;s]kl5 /fd|/L cfuf]
lgefpg] ug'{kb{5 .
-&_ jg If]qdf cfuf] nfu]df ;j} sd{rf/L / sfdbf/x? ldln t'?Gt cfuf] lgefpg'
kb{5 .
-*_ ;DjlGwt lgsfon] k|fylds pkrf/sf] ;fdfg x/]s sfdbf/sf] ;d"xnfO{ pknJw
u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf ;d"xsf] slDtdf PshgfnfO{ cfwf/e"t k|fylds pkrf/sf] tfnLd
lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
-(_ ;j} sfdbf/nfO{ sfddf nufpg] JolQm jf lgsfon] x]nd]6, a'6 cflb pknJw
u/fpg' kg]{5 . sfdbf/x?n] klg oL ;'/Iffsf pks/0fx? gnufO{ s6fg If]qdf sfd ug{
kfpg] 5}gg\ .

21
 kl/R5]b–!@

cUgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@^= cUgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ s6fg If]q, cGo jg If]q / 3f6u2Ldf ;d]t cfunflu x'g
glbgsf] nflu ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ;dodf g} ;r]t eO{ clUg lgoGq0fsf] plrt k|jGw ldnfpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ hËndf cfuf] nfUg glbgsf] nflu ljz]if u/]/ ;'Vvf / udL{ ofddf jflx/ xfjf nfUg]
7fFpdf sfdbf/nfO{ hyfefjL cfuf] jfn]/ vfgf ksfpg lbg' x'b}g . cl3kl5 ;dodf klg
vfgf ksfO ;s]kl5 jfn]sf] cfuf] /fd|/L lgefpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ jg If]qdf sfdbf/n] r"/f]6 vfP/ 7"6f] glgefO{sg hyfefjL kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
-$_ d§Lt]n, l8h]n, df]ljn, k]6«f]n cflb k|of]u ubf{ hyfefjL kf]lvg] u/L k|of]u ug'{
x'+b}g .
-%_ s6fg If]qdf ePsf] cUgL /]vfx?df sf7 9'jfgL ug]{ af6f]x?df ePsf] kft kltË/ udL{
ofd cufl8 g} ;kmf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] sf7 bfp/f cfunfuLaf6 hf]ufpg jl/kl/sf] kltË/nfO{
lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;kmf /fVg' kg]{5 / ;DjlGwt lgsfon] cfunfuL lgoGq0fsf] nflu kfnf]
kx/fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ jg If]qdf jf 3f6u2Ldf s]xL u/L cfuf] nfUg uPdf sd{rf/L / sfdbf/x? ;j}
ldln t'?Gt cfuf] lgefpg' kb{5 . 7"nf] cfuf] nfu]df hgtfsf] ;d]t ;xof]u lnO{
cfuf] lgefpg' kb{5 .
-*_ jg If]qdf ePsf] cfunfuLsf] hfgsf/L t"?Gt ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 . lhNnf jg clws[tn] klg cfuf] nfu]sf] jg If]q lg/LIf0f u/L cfunfuLsf]
If]qkmn / xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] kl/df0f olsg u/L ;f] sf] ljj/0f ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefunfO{ ;d]t pknJw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–!#

k'g:yf{kg sfo{ / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@&= k'g:yf{kg Joj:yfM -!_ s6fg ug]{ lgsfon] Kn6df s6fg d'5fg sfo{ ;DkGg eP kl5 Kn6df
ePsf] xfFufljFuf, af]qmf / cGo kmf]xf]/x? ;d]t x6fO{ ;kmf /fVg' kg]{5 .

22
 -@_ jg If]qdf ?vx? s6fg d'5fg ubf{ / sf7 bfp/f 9'jfgL ubf{ k|of]u u/]sf] lgsf;L dfu{x?df
ePsf] vfN8fx?nfO{ df6f]n] k'/L klxnfs} l:yltdf x'g] u/L dd{t ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s6fg d'5fg ubf{ vfnL ePsf] If]q / jg If]q leq 3f6u2L sfod ul/Psf] eP ;f] If]qdf
;d]t j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o:tf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{df nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DjlGwt lgsfo jf of]hgf ;~rfngstf{n] g}
Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
@*= cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg M -!_ Kn6df ul/g] s6fg d'5fg sfo{, sf7 bfp/f lgsf;L, 3f6u2L
/ laqmL–ljt/0f Joj:yf cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf] z'? b]lv g} lgoldt lg/LIf0f, hfFra'em sfo{x?
lhNnf jg clws[t / ;DjlGwt lgsfox?n] ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm sfo{df s'g} lsl;dsf] clgoldttf
b]lvPdf t'?Gt ;f]sf] /f]syfd u/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ug'{
kb{5 . To:tf] clgoldttf ePsf] af/]df ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] cfjZos sf/jfO{ u/L
If]qLo jg lgb]{zsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgaf6 eP u/]sf] sf7 bfp/f ;Íng / laqmL–ljt/0f sfo{sf]
lgoldt cg'udg ug{ If]qLo:t/df If]qLo jg lgb]{zs / s]Gb|Lo:t/df jg tyf
e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] k|d'v cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg clws[tsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
jg ljefu, lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgsf k|d'vx? /x]sf] If]qLo tyf
s]Gb|Lo cg'udg 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf dGqfnon] ug]{5 . pQm cg'udg 6f]nLn] cg'udg u/L
ljefu / dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o;/L cg'udg 6f]nLaf6 k]z ePsf] cfjlws cg'udg k|ltj]bgdf d"NofÍg u/L dGqfnon]
cfjZos lgb]{zg jg ljefu / ;DjlGwt lgsfonfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
♠
q
-$_ o; lgb]{lzsf tyf ;do ;dodf hf/L ePsf lgb]{zg adf]lhd jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng
tyf ljqmL–ljt/0f eP gePsf] ;DjGwdf cg'udg ug{sf nflu dGqfnosf cg'udg
tyf d"NofÍg dxfzfvfsf ;x;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf jg ljefu, b l6Da/ skf]{/]zg
ckm g]kfn ln= tyf g]kfn jg k}bfjf/ pBf]u Joj;foL ;+3sf] k|ltlglw ;d]t /xg] u/L
s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cg'udg 6f]nL u7g ul/g]5 .
♠
r
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ul7t 6f]nLn] jif{sf] slDtdf b'O{ k6s cg'udg sfo{
ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
♠
s
-^_ jg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/ lgoGq0f ;Gt'ng tyf uf]lnof sf7, aNnf aNnL /
bfp/fsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ lr/fg tyf uf]lnof sf7x?sf] gfk lgwf{/0f k|lqmof ;DjGwL
gofF sfo{gLlt sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;d:of k/]df jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] of]hgf
dxfzfvfsf ;x;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf jg ljefusf dxflgb]{zs, b l6Da/ skf]{/]zg ckm
g]kfn lnld6]8sf dxfk|jGws, jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf g]kfn jg k}bfjf/
pBf]u Joj;foL ;+3sf k|ltlglw ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt u7g u/L ;f] ;ldltaf6 ;d:of
;dfwfg ul/g]5 .

♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

23
 kl/R5]b–!$

cg';Gwfg ;DjGwL Joj:yf

@(= cg';Gwfg ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg / ;+/lIft
jgsf] s'g} If]qnfO{ ljp pTkfbg, cg';Gwfg jf tfnLd ;~rfng If]qsf] ?kdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o;/L lgwf{/0f ePsf] cg';Gwfg If]qdf ;DjlGwt cg';Gwfg s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t
cg';Gwfg of]hgf adf]lhd lglb{i6 cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x? ;~rfngsf] nflu df}h'bf jg
k}bfjf/ x6fpg' k/]df ;DjlGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zssf] :jLs[tL lnO{ cg';Gwfgstf{s}
lhDd]jf/Ldf jg k}bfjf/sf] s6fg / ;Íng u/L ;'/lIft /fvL pknJw jg
k}bfjf/sf] nut ;lxt lhNnf jg sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o;/L pknJw ePsf] jgk}bfjf/ lhNnf jg clws[tn] k|rlnt cfly{s lgodfg';f/ cfkm}n]
laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ jf /fhZj lnO{ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ cg';Gwfg If]qdf ePsf ?v lj?jfx? lglb{i6 cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;DkGg geP;Dd s6fg
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ jg k}bfjf/sf] ;|f]t, pknJwtf, pTkfbg, Joj:yfkg, ;Íng ljlw, k|zf]wg /
;b'kof]u kIfdf cfjZos ;j]{If0f tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;d]t s]Gb|af6 ug{ ;lsg]
5 . cg';Gwfg s]Gb|af6 k|sflzt glthfnfO{ jg ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu cflwsfl/s
lgb]{lzsfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg]5 .

kl/R5]b–!%
ljljw
#)= ljljwM -!_ lgsfon] cfkm} jf cfˆgf] s'g} :6fkm jf sfdbf/af6 Kn6df clgoldt s6fgL
u/]df k|rlnt jg P]g,@)$(♣ tyf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! cg';f/ sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ rf/ lsNnf tf]lslbPsf] Kn6 jfx]s dfly pNn]lvt bkmfx?df
h] ;'s} n]lvPtf klg lhNnf jg sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf] jif{ e/ ;Íng x'g] jg
k}bfjf/sf] kl/df0f dfq ;Íng u/L laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ kfOg] 5 .
-#_ af9L, klx/f], lxdkft, cfuhgL cflb h:tf b}jL k|sf]ksf] sf/0fn] jg k}bfjf/sf] Iflt x'g
uO{ jg k}bfjf/ ;8\g] jf gfl;g] cj:yf cfOk/]df ;f] jg k}bfjf/nfO{ jg If]qaf6 ;Íng
ug{ / laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ sfo{of]hgfn] tf]s]sf] jflif{s kl/df0fsf] xbn] afwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g . o;sf] nflu jg ljefusf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 ;RofO{Psf]

24
 -$_ jg sfo{of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] tyf jg ljsf; sfo{ ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]
/fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o ;/sf/L u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ tf]s]sf] zt{df tf]s]sf] If]q / cjlwsf]
nflu jf]n sjf]n k|yfåf/f jg If]q pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ :jLs[t k|fKt of]hgfn] k|of]u ug]{ jg If]qsf] sf7, bfp/f sf6\bf, 6'qmfpFbf tyf 3f6u2L;Dd
9'jfgL ubf{sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ of]hgf ;~rfngstf{n] g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
♣
-^_ jg d'2fdf a/fdb ePsf] sf7 bfp/f ;f] d'2fsf] lsgf/f nfu]kl5 s;"/ g7x/]df s6fg ug]{
JolQmnfO{ g} lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sf7 bfp/f hkmt x'g] 7x/]df cfly{s lgodfg';f/ lhNnf
jg clws[tn] lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgn] sfd ug]{ lhNnfdf eg] sf7
bfp/fsf] nut /fvL lhNnf jg clws[tn] k|rlnt /fhZj lnO{ ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ g}
pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ sf7 bfp/fsf] s6fg d'5fg, 9nfg 3f6u2L, laqmL–ljt/0f tyf lgsf;L ;DjGwL dfl;s
ljj/0f lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;DjlGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf clgjfo{
?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ bkmf kfng ug'{ u/fpg' lhNnf jg clws[tsf] st{Jo
x'g]5 . ;fy} o; ;DjGwdf x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLsf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t lhNnf jg
clws[tn] axg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ lgsf;L ug{ nfu]sf] / laqmL–ljt/0f ePsf] sf7 bfp/f jg sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]
sfo{If]q leq h'g;'s} 7fpFdf h'g;'s} ;dodf klg lg/LIf0f ug ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ l;df If]qdf k|of]u ul/g] egL pknJw u/fPsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] pkof]u ;DjGwdf lhNnf jg
clws[tn] ljz]if cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
♣
-!!_s6fg d'5fg ul/Psf] Kn6sf] clGtd hfFr ;DjlGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zs jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] clws[tn] Kn6df sfd ;lsPsf] Ps dlxgf leq ;DkGg ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . clGtd
hfFr gd"gf cg';"rL–* adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!@_ clGtd hfFr ubf{ lgodfg';f/ ul/g' kg]{ sfdx? eP u/]sf] gkfOPdf ;DjlGwt lgsfonfO{
k|rlnt P]g lgodfg';f/ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
-!#_ cGo lgsfoaf6 sf7 bfp/f ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f ul/Psf] lhNnfdf bf]xf]/f]kg x'g] u/L
lhNnf jg sfof{non] sf7 bfp/fsf] ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f sfo{ ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
:jLs[t jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf -OFMP_ cg';f/ g} lhNnf jg clws[tx?n] jgsf] ;+/If0f,
;Dj4{g / ;b'kof]u sfo{ ug{df ljz]if hf]8 lbg' kg]{5 .
-!$_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf s'/fx? pk/ p7]sf ljjfbx?sf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ g]kfn
;/sf/ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ x'g]5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 ;RofO{Psf]

25
 cg';"rL–!
-bkmf $ -!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

d"NofÍgsf] gd"gf

If]qM Kn6 g+= M

lhNnfM ?v ;+VofM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M
PsfO{M

qm=;+= ?vsf] ju{-Snf;_ u|; cfotg -So"= kmL=_ g]6 cfotg -So"= kmL=_ s}kmLot
hft

d"NofÍg ug]{M k|dfl0ft ug]{M

gfdM gfdM
bhf{M bhf{M
b:tvtM b:tvtM
sfof{noM sfof{noM
ldltM ldltM

26
 cg';"rL–@
-bkmf $ -@_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

5kfg t]/Lhsf] gd"gf

If]qM rf}x2LM
k"j{M
klZrdM
lhNnfM
pQ/M
blIf0fM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 5kfg /ËM
PsfOM 5kfg 6fFrfM

qm=;+= hft Snf; ?v ;+Vof ?vsf] Jof; O{GrLdf s}kmLot

!! !@ !# – (& (* ((

tof/ ug]{M hfFr ug]{M k|df0fLt ug]{M

gfdM gfdM gfdM
bhf{M bhf{M bhf{M
b:tvtM b:tvtM b:tvtM
sfof{noM sfof{noM sfof{noM
ldltM ldltM ldltM

27
 cg';"rL–#
-bkmf ( -(_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

Kn6 s6fg /lhi6/sf] gd"gf

If]qM s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM

?v ;+VofM
lhNnfM s6fg÷lr/fg DofbM
lgsf;L DofbM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 3f6u2L :yfg
5kfg /ËM
5kfg 6fFrfM

wf]b s§L
qm=;+= s5fg 5kfg ?vsf] uf]lnof ;fOh cfotg ;fOh cfotg hDdf bfp/f gf]S;fgL s}kmLot
?vsf] g+= hft g+= -So"=kmL=_ -So"= kmL=_ cfotg r§f ePsf]
7'§f] g+= ;+Vof ?vx?sf]
ljj/0f

s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ;xLM jg sd{rf/Lsf] ;xLM

gfdM gfdM
7]ufgfM bhf{M
ldltM ldltM

28
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf ( -!!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

Kn6 s6fg kGw| /f]hf gd"gf

If]qM s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM

?v ;+VofM
lhNnfM s6fg÷lr/fg DofbM
lgsf;L DofbM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 3f6u2L :yfg
Kn6sf] gfd / lsl;dMM

ldlt====================================b]lv===================================================;Dd
5kfg ePsf] s6fg ePsf] jg k}bfjf/ 3f6u2L /jfgf ePsf] s6fg ePsf] hËndf jfsL s}kmLot
?vsf] ?vsf]
hft ;+Vof hft ;+Vof lu08f cfotg bfp/f sf7 cfotg bfp/f ns8L hft wfg cfotg bfp/f
yfg So" lkm r§f So" lkm r§f So" lkm r§f
;+Vof ;+Vof

s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ;xLM jg sd{rf/Lsf] ;xLM

gfdM gfdM
7]ufgfM bhf{M
ldltM ldltM

29
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf !) -$_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

Kn6af6 3f6u2L;Dd sf7 bfp/f 9'jfgL ug{ lbOg] /dfgf k"hL{sf] gd"gf

If]qM s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM

?v ;+VofM
lhNnfM s6fg÷lr/fg DofbM
lgsf;L DofbM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 3f6u2L :yfg
Kn6sf] gfd / lsl;dMM

ldlt 9'jfgL rfnssf] gfd sf7sf] hft uf]nLof g+= ;fOh cfotg bfp/f s}kmLot
;fwgsf] So" lkm r§f
lsl;d

s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ;xLM jg sd{rf/Lsf] ;xLM

gfdM gfdM

7]ufgfM bhf{M

ldltM ldltM

30
 cg';"rL–^
-bkmf !) -!!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

3f6u2L /lhi6/sf] gd"gf

If]qM s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM

?v ;+VofM
lhNnfM s6fg÷lr/fg DofbM
lgsf;L DofbM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 3f6u2L :yfg
Kn6sf] gfd / lsl;dMM

ldlt -;do_ /dfgf g+= sf7sf] hft uf]nLof g+= ;fOh -kmL6df_ cfotg bfp/f r§f s}kmLot
-So" lkm_

s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ;xLM jg sd{rf/Lsf] ;xLM

gfdM gfdM
7]ufgfM bhf{M
ldltM ldltM

31
 cg';"rL–&
-bkmf !) -!@_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

3f6u2L kGw| /f]hfsf] gd"gf

If]qM s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM

?v ;+VofM
lhNnfM s6fg÷lr/fg DofbM
lgsf;L DofbM
PsfO{÷/]~h kf]i6M 3f6u2L :yfg
Kn6sf] gfd / lsl;dMM

ldlt====================================b]lv===================================================;Dd
3f6u2Ldf cfPsf] sf7 ljdfsf{ 5f]8 k"hL{ ePsf] sf7 3f6u2Ldf jfFsL sf7 s}kmLot
ldlt hft yfg cfotg bfp/f ldlt hft yfg cfotg bfp/f ldlt hft yfg cfotg bfp/f
- So" r§f -So" r§f -So" r§f
lkm_
lkm_ lkm_

s6fg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ;xLM jg sd{rf/Lsf] ;xLM

gfdM gfdM

7]ufgfM bhf{M

ldltM ldltM

32
 ♠
t
cg';"rL–&s
-bkmf !& -@_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

uf]lnof tyf lr/fg sf7sf] cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljj/0f

;MdLnsf] gfdM–
7]ufgf M–

sf7sf] hft k/L0ffd lr/fg hDdf lr/fg sf7 uf]lnof sf7 s}lkmot
;|f]t -3gkmL6_ k|ltzt lrfg sf7 -3gkmL6_ -3gkmL6_
-3gkmL6_
laqmL afFsL laqmL afFsL

cGo df}Hbft k|dfl0ft ug]{

bfp/fM– gfd M–
l:6«k M– bhf{ M–
afsn M– sfof{no M–
cGo M– b:tvt M–
ldlt M–

tof/ ug]{
==================
;MdLn k|f]k|fO6/

♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

33
 cg';"rL–*♣ u

-bkmf #) -!!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
======If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno
=========================================

Kn6sf] clGtd hfFrsf] gd"gf

lh=j=sf= sf] gfdM Kn6sf] rf}x2LM

OnfsfM k"j{M
klZrdM
/]~h kf]i6M pQ/M
Kn6sf] gfd / lsl;dM blIf0fM
d"NofÍg kl/df0fM s_ sf7 5kfg ?v ;+VofM
v_ bfp/f 5kfg /ËM
pTkfbg kl/df0fM s_ sf7
v_ bfp/f
s6fg afFsL s6fg x'Fbf cGo ?v xfgL gf] cGo tl/sfaf6 ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL -h:t} uf] s}kmLot
?v ;+Vof S;fgL ;+Vof lnof x'g] sf7nfO{ bfp/fdf kl/0ft ubf{ ePsf]
nfk/ dha'/Laf6 gf]S;fgL, 7"6fsf] prfO{ a9L /fVbf v]/ uPsf]
jfxLaf6 kl/df0f jf !% /f]hfdf pNn]v ePsf] xfgL–gf]
S;fgL cflb _

gf]6M !_ s6fg gu/]sf] ?vsf] k|lt ?v ?=!)). hl/jfgf ug]{ .

@_ nfk/jfxLaf6 ePsf]df ljuf] Plsg u/L k|rlnt /f]oN6L cg';f/ hl/jfgf x'g]5 .

7]s]bf/÷;+:yf k|ltlglw lh=j=sf= k|ltlglw If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnoaf6

If]=j=lg= jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t k|ltlglwM

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wg

34
 jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^)

:jLs[t ldltM @)^).)$.!%

klxnf] ;+zf]wgM @)^$.!).@$
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgM @)^%.)$.)!

jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L æjg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon]
b]xfosf] lgb]{lzsf jgfO{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] gfd æjg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL lgb]l{ zsf, @)^)Æ
/x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df, o; lgb]{lzsfdf M
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æcGo jg k}bfjf/Æ eGgfn] sf7 / bfp/f jfx]sf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ ær§fÆ eGgfn] @)×%×% 3gkmL6sf] bfp/fsf] y'k|f]nfO ;Demg' kb{5 .
-ª_ æbl/ofa'bL{Æ eGgfn] /fli6o jg leqsf vf]nfaf6 juL cfjfbL tkm{sf] vf]nf gfnfsf] lsgf/f
nfu]sf], c8s]sf], 8'a]sf], 6fFrf lgzfg nfu]sf] jf gnfu]sf] s;}sf] xs k|df0f gk'u]sf] sf7,
bfp/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/ ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zJbn] bxQ/, axQ/nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-r_ æjg sfo{of]hgfÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @ -3_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{of]hgf ;Demg'
kb{5 / ;f] zJbn] jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf / jg sfo{th'{df ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-5_ æl;lNesNr/n ck/]zgÆ eGgfn] jg Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;~rfng ul/g] ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx?
h:t}M– 56gL ug]{, xf+uf l5dNg], nx/f sf6\g], ;'wf/sf nflu ?v s6fgL ug]{ / ;'v8 v8f,
ljleGGf sf/0faf6 dg{ nfu]sf], d/]sf], a'9f], /f]uL cflb ?vnfO{ 5gf}6 u/L s6fgL ug]{ /
9nfk9f ?vnfO{ x6fpg] sfo{;d]t ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æj]jfl/;LÆ eGgfn] 6fFrf lgzfg nfu]sf] jf gnfu]sf], 6fFrf lgzfg v's]{sf], ablnPsf] jf s'g}
tj/af6 d]l6Psf], s;}sf] xs k|df0f gk'Ug] jg k}bfjf/ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æKn§Æ eGgfn] jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf jf jg sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] s"k, Ans
If]q, s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ x6fpg' kg]{ ?v ePsf] If]q, clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] s6fg If]q jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] s6fg If]q
;d]t ;Demg' kb{5 .
35
 -`_ æn§Æ eGgfn] lnnfd laqmL ug]{ p2]Zon] 3f6u2Ldf uf]lnof jf lr/fg sf7nfO{ Ps
csf]{dfly rfª ldnfO{ Ps jf j9L 7fpFdf /flvPsf] lglZrt yfg / kl/df0f ePsf] y'k|f]
jf bfp/fsf] xsdf Ps jf a9L r§f ldnfO{ /flvPsf] y'k|f] jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf
klg Ps lglZrt kl/df0fsf] y'k|f] ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ æ3f6u2LÆ eGgfn] sf7, bfp/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/nfO{ laqmL–ljt/0f jf cGo tj/n] xs
x:tfGt/0f geP;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]s]sf] 7fpFnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-7_ æ;k{6s6fgÆ eGgfn] s'g} jgsf] Ps lglZrt If]qdf /x]sf] ;a} ?v lj?jf sf6L ;kmf ug]{
sfd ;Demg' kb{5 .
-8_ æaf]nkq kmf/dÆ eGgfn] jg k}bfjf/ laqmL k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf jg
sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nfu]sf] tyf
lnnfd laqmLsf zt{x? pNn]v ePsf] cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd 9fFrfsf] kmf/fd
;Demg' kb{5 .
-9_ æaf]nkqÆ eGgfn] s'g} JolQm, ;+3 ;+:yf, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] lhNnf jg sfof{noåf/f
laqmL ul/g] jg k}bfjf/ vl/b ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf If]qLo jg
lgb]{zgfno jf jg ljefu jf cGo ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu
a]lrPsf] af]nkq kmf/dnfO{ vfdaGbL u/L nfxf5fk nufO{ k]z u/]sf] b//]6 ljj/0f /
;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGo sfuhft ;Demg' kb{5 .
-0f_ æk6s k6sÆ eGgfn] sDtLdf tLg jf ;f] eGbf j9L k6snfO{ hgfpF5 .
-t_ æj}slNks k|of]uÆ eGgfn] sf7nfO{ bfp/fdf jf o:t} Ps k|sf/sf] j:t'nfO{ ;Defljt csf]{
k|sf/sf] j:t'df k|of]udf Nofpg] s'/fnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-y_ æk'gd"{NofÍg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sf7 bfp/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] k'gd"{NofÍg ug{sf] nflu
bkmf !( adf]lhd ul7t k'gd"{NofÍg ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
#= lnnfd laqmL ul/g] jg k}bfjf/x? M -!_ b]xfosf jg k}bfjf/x? lhNnf leqsf] :yfgLo
cfk"lt{sf] lglDt ljutsf] vktsf] cfwf/df 5'6\ofO{ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] l6Da/
s/kf]{/]zgnfO{ lbg] elg tf]s]sf] kl/df0f 5'6\ofO{ afFsL lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ ul/g] ;k{6s6fg jf l;lNesNr/n
ck/]zgaf6 pknJw sf7 bfp/f,
-v_ xfjfx'/Ln] 9fn]sf / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] nflu 5'6\ofO{ afFsL /x]sf ;'Sv8 ?vx?,
-u_ ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt/0f
x'g cfPsf jg k}bfjf/x?,
-3_ k'gjf{; jf a;f]jf; u/fpgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] hUufdf
/x]sf ?vx?,
-ª_ ;fnj;fnL ?kdf lhDd]jf/L ;b}{ cfPsf sf7 bfp/f .

36
 -@_ b]xfosf jg k}bfjf/x? k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L
lnnfd laqmL ubf{ l6Da/ s/kf]/]zg / lhNnf leqsf] :yfgLo cfk"lt{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg'
kg]{5}g .
-s_ P]gsf] bkmf ^* adf]lhd /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ lglZrt
If]q jf /]vfÍsgdf k/L s6fg ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t v8f
?vx?,
-v_ sfg"gL sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf hkmt ul/Psf jg k}bfjf/x?,
-u_ vf]nfgfnfn] jufO{ NofPsf bl/ofa'bL{ jf bxQ/–axQ/ jg k}bfjf/x?,
-3_ /fli6«o jg If]qjf6 k|fKt x'g] lu§L, jfn'jf, ld:s6, vh'/kQf, t]Gb'kft h:tf cGo
jg k}bfjf/x?,
-ª_ j]jfl/;] jf hkmtL cGo jg k}bfjf/x? .
-#_ pk bkmf -!_ adf]lhd l6Da/ skf]{/]zgnfO{ 5'6\ofO{Psf] uf]lnof sf7x? ^ dlxgf leq
ljdfsf{ lnO{ gp7fPdf To:tf] sf7nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfkm} lnnfd laqmL
ug]{ 5 .
$= Kn6 lgwf{/0f k|lqmof M jg sfo{of]hgf nfu" eO{ sfo{of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] s"k jf Jnssf]
xsdf ;f]xL jdf]lhd / ljsf; cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ ;k{6s6fg ul/g] lglZrt If]qdf
/x]sf jf /]vfÍgdf k/]sf jf 9nfk8f ?vx? x6fpFbf ef}uf]lns l;dfgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL @))
b]lv %)) yfg ;Ddsf ?vx? kg]{ u/L Ps Kn6 lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5 . t/ o;f] ug{ cJofjxfl/s
ePdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] ?vsf] ;+Vof 36j9 u/L Kn6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;SG]5 .
%= 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf jg k}bfjf/x?sf] n6 lgwf{/0f k|lqmof M -!_ lhNnf jg sfof{non]
ljleGg If]qaf6 3f6u2Ldf pknJw x'g cfPsf !))) 3glkm6;Dd kl/df0fsf sf7sf]
hft, yfg, pNn]v u/L n6 jgfpg ;Sg]5 . t/ s'g} lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] jflif{s
uf]lnof sf7 pTkfbg Ps nfv 3g kmL6 eGbf a9L ePdf lnnfd lalqm ul/g] s"n
kl/df0fsf] @% k|ltzt sf7nfO{ @))) b]lv #))) 3g lkm6 kl/df0f;DDfsf] n6 agfO{g]
5 . lnnfd lalqm x'g g;ls k'gd{"NofÍg ul/Psf] sf7sf] n6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ plNnlvt
Joj:yfn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . n6 agfpFbf u]|l8Ë gd{; nfu" geP;DDf
;fnfvfnf ldnfO{ / ;f] nfu" eP kl5 u|]8 5'6ofO{ n6 agfO{g] 5 . To:tf k|To]s n6sf]
;Íng cfly{s jif{ v'nfO{ 3f6u2Lsf] gfd gDa/ ;d]t O{gfd]nn] n]vL pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 . bfp/fsf] xsdf a9Ldf @% r§f ;Ddsf] Ps n6 jgfO{ k|To]s n6sf] 3f6u2Lsf] gfd
pNn]v u/L gDa/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu – lhNnf jg sfof{no, s}nfnLsf] u]6f /]Gh kf]i6 cGt{ut u]6f /
ctl/of 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf jg k}bfjf/sf] n6 gDa/ pNn]v ubf{ lgDgfg';f/ ;Í]t /flvg] 5 –
u]6f n6 g+Æ ! -)%&.%*_, u]6f n6 g+ @ -)%&.%*_ jf ctl/of n6 g+= ! -)%*.%(_, ctl/of
n6 g+= @ -)%*.%(_ cflb .

37
 -@_ n6 lgwf{/0f ug{ g;lsg] gbL vf]nfgfnfsf] lu§L, jfn'jf ld:s6 / 9'Ëf jf
t]Gb'kft, yfsn, h:tf cGo jg k}bfjf/x? lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kbf{ :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf
adf]lhdsf] kl/df0fnfO{ g} n6 dflgg]5 .
t/ jg sfo{of]hgfdf gk/]sf jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non]
kl/df0f tf]sL n6 lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
^= jg k}bfjf/sf] Go"gtd d"No lgwf{/0f M -!_ lnnfd laqmL ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf] jg k}bfjf/sf]
kl/df0fnfO{ jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL @, # / ^ df tf]lsPsf] k|lt OsfO{ d"Non] u'0fg
u/L Go"gtd d"No sfod ul/g] 5 . sf7 / bfp/fsf] xsdf 5kfg, s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL, rfª
nufpg] / lr/fg ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ cGo lgsfoaf6 -h:t}M ;8s, ljB't, gx/ cflb_ a]xf]l/Psf]
eP jf ah]6df Joj:yf ePdf 5'§} c;'n u/L /fh:jdf bflvnf ul/g] 5 . 5kfg, s6fg, d'5fg,
nf]8 cgnf]8, 9'jfgL, rfª nufpg] cflb sfo{sf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yf geO{ cGo >f]taf6 ;fk6L
lnO{ vr{ ul/Psf] eP To:tf] /sd lnnfd laqmL ubf{ ;sf/jfnf;Fu 5'§} lnO{ h'g >f]taf6
;fk6L lnOPsf] xf] ToxL+ lkmtf+ ul/g] 5 . cGo lgsfoaf6 a]xf]l/Psf] s6fg d'5fg vr{ olsg
x'g gcfPdf lhNNff b/ /]6nfO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
-@_ 5kfg, s6fg, d'5fg, nf]8 cgnf]8, 9'jfgL, rfªnufpg] sfo{sf] nflu vr{sf] k|lt O{sfO{
b//]6 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] b//]6 ;ldltaf6 jflif{s ?kdf lgwf{/0f eP cg';f/ sfod
ul/g]5 .
&= lnnfd ug]{ tl/sf M lnnfd ul/g] jg k}bfjf/x?sf] kl/df0f / cj:yf x]/L 8fFs
a9fa9 jf af]nkq k|yfåf/f lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!_ lgDgfg';f/sf jg k}bfjf/x? 8fFsa9fa9 u/L lnnfd ul/g]5 M
-s_ @)) 3glkm6 eGbf 36L kl/df0fsf vo/ jfx]ssf sf7x?,
-v_ % r§f eGbf 36L kl/df0fsf bfp/fx?,
-u_ hkmt eO{ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf ?= %),))) -krf; xhf/_ eGbf sd d"NoflÍt sf7
bfp/f jfx]ssf cGo jg k}bfjf/x? .
-@_ lgDgfg';f/sf jg k}bfjf/x? af]nkq k|yfåf/f lnnfd ul/g]5 M
-s_ @)) 3gkmL6 / ;f] eGbf a9L kl/df0fsf sf7x?,
-v_ % r§f / ;f] eGbf a9L kl/df0fsf bfp/fx?,
-u_ gbLgfnfsf] lu§L, jfn'jf, 9'Ëf, ld:s6 h:tf cGo jg k}bfjf/x?,
-3_ hkmt eO{ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf ?= %),))). -krf; xhf/_ eGbf a9L d"Nof+lst sf7
bfp/f jfx]ssf cGo jg k}bfjf/x? .
-#_ jg lgodfjnL @)%! sf] cg';"rL–# / ^ df lbO{Psf cGo jg k}bfjf/x?sf]] ljqmL
ljt/0f lgodfjnL sf] lgod !! / !$ cg';f/ g} x'g] 5 . pkbkmf -@_ -u_ sf] cGo

38
 jg k}bfjf/ k6s k6s lnnfd ubf{ klg s;}n] g;sf/]df lgodfjnLsf] lgod !$
sf] pk lgod -!_ / -@_ cg';f/ ug{ jfwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t
pBf]usf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy+ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L lhNnfx?df pknAw ePdf
;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg (Inventory Report) sf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o u/L k|rlnt
/fh:j lng] u/L jg ljefuaf6 ;Demf}tf u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
*= 8fFs a9fa9 u/fP/ lnnfd ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? M bkmf & sf] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd 8fFsa9fa9 ubf{ b]xfosf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{kb{5–
-!_ jflif{s sfo{tflnsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{M ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf]
>fj0f dlxgfleq lnnfd laqmL ul/g] sf7 bfp/f nufotsf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] jflif{s
sfo{tflnsf tof/ u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] sfo{ tflnsfdf
s'g s'g dlxgfsf] s'g s'g xKtf / s'g s'g af/df lnnfd ljqmL ul/g] xf] ;f] s'/f :ki6
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ;"rgf k|sfzgsf] DofbM pk bkmf -!_ cg';f/ ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/;s] kl5 ? Ps nfv
?k}of;Dd d"NofÍg ePsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] nflu !% lbg / ;f] eGbf a9L d"NofÍg ePsf]
jg k}bfjf/sf] nflu @! lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;"rgfsf] 9fFrfM ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-$_ ;"rgf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{ 7fpFx?M 8fFsa9fa9sf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno,
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, dfnkf]t sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ;DalGwt
gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt, sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, lhNnf l:yt sfi7
Joj;foL ;+:yf, Onfsf jg sfof{nox? / lhNnf jg sfof{nodf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-%_ 8fFs a9fa9 u/fpg] tl/sfM
-s_ 8fFsjf]Ng] JolQm sDtLdf # hjfg geO{ 8fFsa9fa9 z'? u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
-v_ 8fFs a9fa9 Go"gtd d"Nojf6 z'? u/fpg' kb{5 .
-u_ 8fFs a9fa9df ;xefuL x'g] k|lt:kwL{x?jf6 a9fa9 k"j{ Go"gtdd"Nosf] % k|ltztn]
gub w/f}6L lng' kb{5 . ;j} k|lt:kwL{x?jf6 k|fKt gub w/f}6L 8fFs a9fa9 ;dfKt
eO{ v08 -3_ adf]lhd w/f}6L hDdf u/]kl5 To;} avt lkmtf{ ul/g]5 .
-3_ 8fFs a9fa9df efu lnPsf j9L cÍ sjf]n ug]{ clGtd tLg jf]nsf] 8fFs a9fa9stf{jf6
:jb]zL eP % k|ltztn] / ljb]zL gful/s eP !) k|ltztn] gub w/f}6L lng' kg]{5 .
t/ bf]>f] / t]>f] sjf]njfnfsf] sjf]n cÍ klxnf] eGbf qmdzM % / !) k|ltzt eGbf
36L ePdf w/f}6L dfu ul/g] 5}g .
-ª_ 8fFs a9fa9 ;DkGg ePkl5 ;a} eGbf a9L saf]n cÍnfO{ of] g} clGtd cÍ
eof] egL 3f]if0ff ug'{ kb{5 . To;kl5 pkl:yt ;a}sf] /f]xj/df clwstd
8fFs jf]Ng] tLg JolQmx?sf] qmd cg';f/ gfd, 7]ufgf / cÍ pNn]v u/L
cg';"rL –@ cg';f/sf] 9fFrfdf d'r'Nsf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

39
 -r_ s/f/gfdfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq klxnf] saf]njfnfn] jg k}bfjf/ p7fpg
gcfPdf jf tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf jg k}bfjf/ p7fpg g;Sg] dgfl;a dflkmssf]
lnlvt hgfp glbPdf lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L hkmt u/L bf]>f] j9L sjf]njfnfsf]
af]n :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg] 5 . bf]>f] saf]njfnfsf] af]n :jLs[tePdf ;ft lbg
leq /sd bflvnf u/L jg k}bfjf/ p7fpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . bf]>f]n] klg
tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq gp7fPdf lghsf] ;d]t w/f}6L hkmt u/L t]>f] sjf]njfnfsf]
af]n :jLs[tug{ ;lsg] 5 . t]>f] sjf]njfnfsf] af]n :jLs[tePdf lghnfO{
;d]t ;ft lbg leq lnnfd ul/Psf] jg k}bfjf/ p7fpg ;"rgf ul/g] 5 . t/ bf]>f] /
t]>f] sjf]n cÍ 3/f}6L hkmt u/L hf]8\bf qmdzM klxnf] / bf]>f]n] sjf]n u/]sf] d"No
eGbf sd x'g' x'+b}g . o;/L ubf{ klg lnnfd x'g g;s]df k'gM lnnfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ 8fFssf] :jLs[tLM jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmLsf] l;nl;nfdf saf]n ePsf] 8fFssf] :jLs[tL
ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/, clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ldf lglxt /xg]5 . To:tf] clwsf/Lsf]
clwsf/ bkmf !& df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= af]nkqaf6 lnnfd ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|lqmof M bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
af]nkqaf6 lnnfd ubf{ b]xfosf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{kb{5M
-!_ ;"rgf k|sfzgsf] DofbM Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd d"NofÍg ePsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] nflu !% lbg
/ ;f] eGbf j9L d"NofÍg ePsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] nflu @! lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;"rgfsf] 9fFrfM ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–#-s_, #-v_ / # -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';f/
x'g]5 .
-#_ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ tl/sfM jf]nkq dfu u/L lnnfd lalqm ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ jg k}bfjf/sf]
nflu ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] klqsfdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm ;"rgf bkmf * sf] pkbkmf
-$_ df pNn]v ul/Psf sfof{nox?df klg 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ ;doM ;fnj;fnL 7]Ssfaf6 lnnfd laqmL ul/g] 9'Ëf, lu§L jfn'jf /
o:t} cGo jg k}bfjf/x?sf] laqmLsf] ;"rgf cf= j= z'? x'g' eGbf slDtdf @ dlxgf cufj}
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ af]nkqsf] ;"rgfdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx?M
-s_ af]nkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ tl/sf,
-v_ af]nkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ sfof{nosf] gfd,
-u_ af]nkq jfkt nfUg] b:t'/,
-3_ af]nkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldlt, ;do / :yfg,
-ª_ af]nkq vf]lng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,
-r_ cÍ / cIf/df km/s k/]df cIf/df n]lvPsf]nfO{ dfGotf lbOg] s'/f,
-5_ af]nkq ;fy bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx?,

40
 -h_ laqmL ;b/ ePsf] ldltn] !) lbg leq /sd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ljifo,
-em_ 7]Ssf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] jg k}bfjf/ p7fO{ nUg' kg]{ cjlw,
-`_ laqmL ul/g] jg k}bfjf/ h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf cfk\mg} vr{df p7fO{
nfg' kg]{ Joxf]/f,
-6_ Dofb yk x'g] gx'g] s'/f,
-7_ af]nkq dfGo gx'g] cj:yf,
-8_ zt{ /flvPsf] af]nkq :jLs[t gx'g] s'/f,
-9_ af]nkq ;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-^_ jf]nkq dfGo gx'g] cj:yfx? M
-s_ l;njGbL eO{ gcfPsf],
-v_ ;DalGwt sfof{nox?af6 laqmL gePsf] af]nkq bflvnf ePsf] jf a]lrPsf] af]nkqsf]
kmf]6f]skL bflvnf u/]sf],
-u_ h;sf] gfddf laqmL ePsf] af]nkq kmf/fd xf] p;}sf] tkm{af6 bflvnf gu/]sf],
-3_ af]nkqbftfsf] x:tfIf/ gePsf] -kmd{sf] xsdf 5fk / x:tfIf/ gePsf]
-ª_ sjf]n cÍsf] !) k|ltzt w/f}6Lsf] ef}r/ ;dfjf]z gePsf] jf ^ dlxgfeGbf 36Lsf]
j}+s Uof/]G6L w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf k]z ePsf],
-r_ vfd / af]nkq kmf/dsf] n6 gDa/ km/s k/]sf],
-5_ af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf cGo zt{x? k'/f gePsf] .
!)= jf]nkqdf efu lng kfpg] JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgL M -!_ sf7sf] af]nkqsf] k|lt:kwf{df jf
k}bfjf/sf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] btf{ eO{ /Ltk"j{ssf] :yfoL n]vf gDj/ (PAN) jf cfos/
btf{ / Eof6 btf{sf] k|df0f–kq k|fKt sfi7 Joj;foL kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+3;+:yfn] efu lng
kfpg]5g\ .
-@_ sf7 afx]ssf] cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] af]nkqsf] k|ltikwf{df /Ltk"j{ssf] :yfoL n]vf gDj/
(PAN) jf cfos/ btf{ / Eof6 btf{sf] k|df0f–kq ePsf] JolQm jf jg k}bfjf/sf] sf/f]jf/
ug]{ kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+3;+:yfn] efu lng kfpg]5g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg ;/sf/L jf cw{ ;/sf/L sfof{non]
af]nkqsf] k|ltikwf{df efu lnPdf :yfoL n]vf gDj/ -PAN_ jf cfos/ btf{ / Eof6 btf{sf]
k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5}g .
!!= af]nkq kmf/fdsf] 9fFrfM af]nkq kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@= af]nkq kmf/d vl/b ug]{ tl/sf M af]nkq bflvnf ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+3 ;+:yf
;/sf/L jf cw{ ;/sf/L sfof{non] ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 ;f] sfof{nosf] sfof{no
k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nfu]sf] tyf lnnfd laqmLsf

41
 zt{x? pNn]v ePsf] af]nkq kmf/d ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno
jf jg ljefu jf cGo ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 b]xfo adf]lhd /sd lt/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 –
#
a
-s_ ? Ps nfv ?k}ofF ;Ddsf] Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf] af]nkqsf] nflu ? #)).–
#
-v_ ? Ps nfv eGbf dfly bz nfv;Dd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf] af]nkqsf] nflu ?=
!))).–
♠
b
-u_ bz nfv eGbf dfly htL;'s} /sd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf] af]nkqsf] nflu
? @))).–
!#= af]nkq btf+ ug]{ tl/sf M -!_ af]nkq kmf/fd laqmL ePsf] / af]nkq btf{ ePsf] ljj/0f
5'§f 5'§} lstfjdf pNn]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . af]nkq kmf/fd laqmL / btf{sf] ;do ;dfKt
ePkl5 sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t sd{rf/Ln] pQm lstfjdf k|dfl0ft
u/L jGb ug'{ kg]{5 . af]nkq kmf/d laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sdsf] n]vf /fvL ;f]xL lbg jf
ef]nLkN6} j}+s bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{no /x]sf] :yfgdf /fhZj bflvnf ug]{ j}+s gePdf jf
cGo ljz]if kl/l:ylt k/]df sfof{no k|d'vn] sf/0f pNn]v u/L ;ft lbg leq To:tf] gub j}+s
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ af]nkq vl/b ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] cfk'mn] vl/b u/]s} af]nkq ;"rgfdf
Joj:yf eP jdf]lhd ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno jf jg
ljefudf jf tf]lsPsf] cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ Ps JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf vl/b ePsf] jf]nkq csf]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL
jf ;+:yfsf] gfdaf6 bflvnf ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
!$= af]nkq vf]Ng] k|lqmof M -!_ ;"rgf adf]lhd kg{cfPsf jf]nkqx? ;f]xL ;"rgfdf
tf]lsPsf] :yfg, ldlt / ;dodf vf]nL d'r'Nsf jgfO{ pkl:yt x'g] ;a}sf] ;lx5fk ug'{
u/fpg' kg]{5 . af]nkqbftf jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt geP klg jf]nkq vf]Ng jfwf k'Ug] 5}
g . lhNnf jg sfof{non] jf]nkq vf]Nbf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / sf]if tyf
n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no jf glhssf] s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng'
kg]{5 .
-@_ ;do leq bflvnf x'g cfPsf af]nkqx? /Ltk"j{s eP gePsf] hfFr u/L /Ltk"j{s
k/]sfsf] xsdf cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsf / cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] t'ngfTds
tflnsf agfO{ k|ltlglwx?sf] ;d]t ;lx5fk u/fO{ /fVg'kb{5 . /Lt gk'u]sfsf] xsdf To:tf
af]nkqx?nfO{ cnUofO{ ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{ /fVg'kb{5 .
!%= af]nkq gvf]Ng] cj:yf M Ps dfq af]nkq kg{cfPdf ;f] af]nkqnfO{ sfod} /fvL bkmf !*
cg';f/ ul/g] 5 .

#
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
♠
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

42
!^= af]nkqsf] k|lt:kwf{ M -!_ klxnf] k6ssf] ;"rgfdf Kn6 jf n6} lkR5] sDtLdf @ j6f
af]nkqx? /Ltk"j{s k]z x'g cfPsf] cj:yfdf k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|lt:kwf{ x'g g;ls k'gM af]nkq dfu ubf{ klg s'g} af]nkq gk/]df
jf Psdfq af]nkq k/]df bkmf !% adf]lhd sfod /x]sf] af]nkq ;d]t vf]nL ;f] af]nkqdf
sj'n ul/Psf] /sd Go"gtd d"NofÍg leq kg{ cfPdf To:tf] af]nkq :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]
5 . t/ k|yd k6ssf] ;"rgf cg';f/ Ps dfq af]nkq kg{ cfPdf ;f] af]nkqnfO{ sfod
/fvL bf]>f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg s'g} klg af]nkq bflvnf x'g gcfPdf klxnf]
k6s kg{cfPsf /Ltk"j{ssf af]nkqnfO{ g} k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] dfgL k|ltlglwx?sf]
/f]xj/df To:tf] af]nkq vf]Ng ;lsg]5 .
!&= af]nkq :jLs[tug]{ M -!_ af]nkq cf+lzs jf k'/} :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/, clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ldf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf af]nkqx? :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ pkbkmf -!_ sf] clwgdf /xL b]xfo
adf]lhdsf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5M
-s_ ?= % nfv ;Ddsf] ;sf/ /sdsf] xsdf lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{,
-v_ ?= @% nfv ;Ddsf] ;sf/ /sdsf] xsdf jg ljefusf] dxflgb]{zsnfO{,
-u_ ?= @% nfv eGbf a9L ;sf/ cÍ ePsf] xsdf dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ .
♣
c
-#_ /Lt k'u]sf jf]nkqx? dWo] a9L ;sf/ ug]{ tLg hgfn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L /f]sL ;j}eGbf
a9L d"No ;sf/ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq ;f] vf]lnPsf] ;ft lbg leq s'g} ph'/L
k/] ;f] ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug]{5 . clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] :jLs[ltsf]nflu dflyNnf] lgsfodf k]z ug'{kg]{ ePdf k]z u/L dflyNnf]
lgsfon] klg k|fKt ePsf] ;ft lbg leq ;f] pk/ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . laqmL ;b/
ePsf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] bz lbg leq /sd bflvnf gu/]df jf]nkqbftfn]
/fv]sf] w/f}6L hkmt u/L bf]>f] a9L ;sf/ ug]{sf] af]nkq :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]
5 . o;/L bf]>f] a9L ;sf/ ug]{sf] af]nkq :jLs[t ul/Pdf ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbO{
/sd bflvnf ug{ nufOg]5 . bf]>f] ;sf/stf{n] klg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf /sd bflvnf
gu/]df w/f}6L hkmt u/L t]>f]sf] af]nkq :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 . t]>f] ;sf/stf{sf] gfdsf]
af]nkq :jLs[t ePdf ;ft lbgsf] ;do lbO{ /sd bflvnf ug{ nufOg]5 . lghn] klg
tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwdf /sd bflvnf gu/]df lghsf] klg w/f}6L hkmt u/L k'gM lnnfd
laqmLsf] nflu ;"rgf ug{' kg]{5 .
t/ To;/L bf]>f] jf t]>f] ;sf/stf{sf] jf]nkq :jLs[t ubf{ klxnf] ;sf/stf{n]
;sf/]sf] saf]n csdf hkmt ul/Psf] w/f}6L /sd 36fpFbf x'g cfpFg] /sd eGbf sddf
jf]nkq :jLs[t ul/g] 5}g .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

43
!*= k'gM af]nkq ;"rgf k|sfzg M -!_ klxnf] k6s k|sflzt ;"rgf adf]lhd /Ltk"j{s af]nkq
kg{ gcfPdf jf Ps dfq af]nkq k/]df jf klxnf] k6ssf] ;"rgfdf k/]sf af]nkqx? Go"gtd
d"No;Dd klg sj'n x'g gcfPdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ k'gM af]nkq cfJxfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ k'gM af]nkq cfJxfg ug'{ kbf{ cl3Nnf] af]nkqbftfx?sf] af]nkqnfO{ sfod /fVg ;lsg]
5 . t/ o;/L sfod /flvPsf] cj:yfdf jf]nkqbftfnfO{ lrQ gj'em] cfk\mgf] af]nkq
lkmtf{ u/L kfpF egL af]nkq bflvnf ug]{ lgwf{l/t Dofbsf] @$ 306f cufl8 ;Dd b/vf:t
lbPdf lghsf] af]nkq lkmtf{ ul/g] 5 . ;fy} To:tf] af]nkq jfkt /flvPsf] w/f}6L ;d]t
lkmtf{ x'g]5 .
!(= jg k}bfjf/sf] k'gd"{NofÍg ug]{ M -!_ ;dod} k6s k6s jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL
ug]{ k|of; ubf{ klg laqmL x'g g;sL jg k}bfjf/sf] x}]l;otdf x|f; x'g cfO{ Go"gtd d"No
eGbf sd ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePdf b]xfosf kbflwsf/L /x]sf] k'gd"{NofÍg ;ldltn]
sf7sf] xsdf b]xfosf] pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/fO{ bkmf @) cg';f/ / cGo
jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf ljj]s k|of]u u/L Go"gtd d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L sfod
x'g cfPsf] Go"gtd d"NonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 lnnfd laqmL ul/g]
5.
-s_ ;DalGwt If]qsf] If]qLo jg lgb]{zs – ;+of]hs
-v_ If]qLo sf]if lgb]{zgfno jf sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf]
clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-u_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-3_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-ª_ lhNnf jg clws[t – ;b:o ;lrj
-@_ pk bkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t k'gd{"NofÍg ;ldltn] 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf sf7x? ;'s]/, s'lxP/
jf dsfP/, wf]Fb eP/, rs]{/ jf k'm6]/ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fjf6 ;fljs gfkdf s] slt km/s
k/]sf] 5, To;sf] t'nfgfTds tflnsf lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ jgfpg nufpg]5 .
-#_ k'gd{"NofÍg ;ldltn] pkbkmf -@_ jdf]lhd k]z ePsf] t'ngfTds tflnsf cWoog u/L
;fljssf] nutnfO{ xfn gfkL eO{ 7x/ x'g cfPsf] kl/df0f sfod ug{ lhNnf jg
sfof{nonfO{ nufpg]5 .
-$_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt k'gd{"NofÍg ;ldltsf] sfof{no ;do eGbf cl3 jf kl5 j}7s
j:bf k|lt j}7s k|lt ;b:o ? #)). j}7s eQf lbOg]5 .
@)= Go"gtd laqmL d"No sfod ug]{ M -!_ Go"gtd laqmL d"No sfod ubf{ ;ldltn] uf]lnof jf lr/fg
sf7sf] hft cg';f/ cg';"rL–& df pNn]v eP jdf]lhd sfod x'g cfPsf] cfotgsf] z'?sf]
Go"gtd d"Nodf tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt ;Dd 5'6 u/L gofF Go"gtd d"No sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pk bkmf -!_ jdf]lhd Go"gtd d"No sfod u/L ;s]kl5 k'gM ;fljssf] k|lqmof k'¥ofO{
lnnfd ug'{ kg]{5 .

44
 -#_ s6fg, d'5fg, nf]8 cgnf]8, 9'nfg, rfª nufpg] cflb ;fljsdf ePsf] vr{ eg] 36fO{g]
5}g .
@!= j}slNks k|of]udf Nofpg] M -!_ bkmf !( / @) jdf]lhd klg laqmL x'g g;s]sf] jg k}bfjf/x?
dWo] sf7sf] xsdf To;nfO{ k'gd"{NofÍg ;ldltn] bfp/fdf kl/0ft ug]{5 / To;kl5 lhNnf jg
sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof cg';f/ lnnfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pk bkmf -!_ jdf]lhd klg laqmL x'g g;s] ljefusf] :jLs[lt lnO{ h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5,
;f]xL cj:yfdf Go"gtd d"No gtf]sL lnnfd a9fa9 ul/ laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pk bkmf -@_ adf]lhd klg lnnfd laqmL geP k'gd"{NofÍg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ljefuLo
lg0f{ojf6 nut s§f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ j}slNks k|of]udf cfpg g;Sg] cGo jg k}bfjf/x?sf] xsdf jg ljefujf6 lg0f{o u/fO{
nut s§f ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@= lnnfd laqmLjf6 k|fKt /sd hDdf ug]{ M lnnfd laqmLjf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd b]xfo
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M
-!_ sf7, bfp/f / cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] laqmLjf6 k|fKt /sd dWo] () k|ltzt g]kfn
;/sf/sf] /fhZj vftfdf / !) k|ltzt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ bl/ofa'bL{ -bxQ/–axQ/_ laqmLjf6 k|fKt /sd dWo] %) k|ltzt g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
/fhZj vftfdf / %) k|ltzt /sd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
@#= /sd bflvnf ug]{ hgfp M af]nkq :jLs[t ePkl5 ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ !) lbg leq /sd
hDdf ug]{ jf/]sf] hgfp lbg' kg]{5 . hgfp kfO{ ;s]kl5 tf]lsPsf] ;do leq /sd bflvnf
gu/]df jf dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ hgfp glbPdf bkmf !& sf] pk bkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof
cufl8 j9fpg ;lsg] 5 . lnnfd ;sf/ ug]{n] lbPsf] hgfp dgfl;a ePdf -h:t}M lj/fdL jf
b'3{6gfdf k/L c:ktfn egf{ x'g k/]df, b}jL k/]df jf sfj' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df_ lhNnf jg
clws[tn] ;ft lbg;Dd Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@$= jg k]zL M -!_ v8f ?v jf 9'Ëf, lu6L, jfn'jf jf ef]nf{sf kft, cld|;f], t]Gb'kft h:tf cGo
jg k}bfjf/x?sf] lnnfd laqmL :jLs[t eO{ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sjf]n /sd bflvnf u/L ;s]kl5
?vaf6 sf7 bfp/f ;Íngsf] nflu jg lgodfjnL @)%! sf] lgod !^ n] tf]s]sf] Dofbsf]
clwgdf /xL jg k]zL lbOg] 5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq sjf]njfnfn] s6fg, d'5fg, 9nfg
jf ;Íng u/L jg If]q aflx/ 3f6u2Ldf NofO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . v8f ?v s6fg ug]{ ;DaGwdf
tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq sjf]njfnfn] sfo{;DkGg ug{ g;s]df dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ;lxt &
lbg leq lgj]bg lbPdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] rfn' cfly{s jif{ jf csf]{ cfly{s jif{df k6s
k6s u/L Ps dlxgf ;Dd Dofb yk lbg ;sg] 5 . ;f] cjlw leq klg sfd ;dfKt ug{
g;sL ;DjlGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfn] Dofb yksf] nflu k'gM dfu u/]df lhNnf jg clws[tn]
cfkm\gf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt If]qLo jg lgb]{zs ;dIf k]z ug]{ 5 . If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] cfjZos

45
 7x¥ofPdf a9Ldf b'O{ dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg] 5 . cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf lhNnf
jg clws[tn] jg k}bfjf/sf] k|s[lt x]/L >fj0f ! ut] b]lv cfif9 d;fGt;Dd jg k]zL lbg ;Sg]
5 . csf]{ cfly{s jif{df Dofb yk x'g] 5}g .
-@_ 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf jg k}bfjf/x?sf] xsdf sj'n cÍ @ ls:tf ;Dddf j'emfpg
;lsg] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf j'emfO{ ;s]kl5 tf]lsPsf] If]qjf6 jg k}]bfjf/ p7fO{ n}hfg
cg'dlt lbOg]5 . o:tf jg k}bfjf/ p7fO{ n}hfg] Dofb k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f ! ut]
b]lv csf]{ jif{sf] cfif9 d;fGt;Dd x'g]5 .
-#_ pk bkmf -!_ / -@_ df pNn]v ePsf jg k}bfjf/ x6fpg ;do nfUg] ePsf]n] jg
k]zL lbg' k"j{ lnnfd ;sf/stf{;Fu ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5 . v8f ?vsf] xsdf cg';"rL–*,
9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] nflu cg';"lr–( / cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf cg';"rL–!) adf]lhdsf]
gd"gfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;Demf}]tf ul/g] 5 .
♣
d
@%=jg k}bfjf/sf] 5f]8k"lh{ tyf rnfgLkq lbg] ;do M -!_ sjf]n cÍ bflvnf eO{ ;s]kl5 3f6u2Ldf
/x]sf] jf cfPsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf rflxg] k|lqmof k"/f u/L sjf]njfnfnfO{ lh=j=sf=n] &
lbg leq clgjfo{ ?kdf cg';"rL–!! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf 5f]8k"hL{ tyf cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf rnfgL kq ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . o; cjlwdf jg k}bfjf/sf] df]n a[l¢ x'g uPdf klg
k"j{ zt{ cg';f/ g} 5f]8k"hL{ tyf rnfgL kq lbg' kg]{5 / o:tf] d"No a[l¢n] o;nfO{ c;/
kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq 5f]8k"hL{ / rnfgLk"hL{ glbPsf] egL v/Lbstf{sf]
lgj]bg k/]df ;DalGwt If]qLo lgb]{zsn] ;f] pk/ cfjZos 5fgjLg u/L v/Lbstf{sf]
Joxf]/f ;TotYodf cflwl/t b]lvg cfPdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{
5.
♣
@^= jg k}bfjf/ p7fO{ n}hfg] 5f]8k"lh{sf] Dofb M -!_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf sf7, bfp/f / cGo jg
k}bfjf/x?sf] xsdf af]nkq :jLs[t eO{ k"/} saf]n cÍ / d"No clej[l4s/ bflvnf ePkl5
a9Ldf PSsfO; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ p7fO{ n}hfg 5f]8k"lh{ lbOg]5 . jg
k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ rnfgL kq clgjfo{ x'g]5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq jg k}bfjf/ p7fO
nfg g;s]df dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ;lxt ;ft lbg leq Dofb yksf] lgj]bg lbPdf lhNnf
jg clws[tn] a9Ldf k}tfnL; lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] Dofb leq sf7 gp7fPdf
k|lt dlxgf saf]n cssf] bz k|ltztn] hl/jfgf lnOg] 5 . ;sf/ cÍn] gvfDg] ePdf lhNnf
jg sfof{non] sf7bfp/f hkmt u/L lnnfd ljlqm ug]{5 . t/ k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf sfa' jflx/
-zflGt ;'/Iff nufot_ sf] c;xh kl/l:ylt k/L ;dodf sf7 bfp/f p7fpg g;s]sf] cfwf/
/ sf/0f ;lxtsf] lgj]bg k/]df lgodk"j{s ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t u/L ;DalGwt lhNnf jg
sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df jg ljefun] To:tf] kl/l:yltsf] ljrf/ u/L al9df Ps
dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .

♣
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

46
 -@_ sf7df 6fFrf k|of]u eO{ ;s]kl5 pQm jg k}bfjf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDd]jf/L ;sf/stf{sf]
x'g]5 . s'g} sf/0fn] gfl;Pdf jf x/fPdf lhNnf jg sfof{no hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}g .
Ψ
e
-#_ ============================
-$_ v8f ?v lnnfdaf6 s6fg, 9'nfg, eO{ 3f6u2Ldf cfPdf sf7 bfp/f tyf jg If]qaf6 ;Íng
u/L 3f6u2Ldf Nofpg' kg]{ ef]nf{sf kft, cld|;f], t]Gb'kft, t]hkft tyf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf
h:tf cGo jg k}bfjf/x?sf] xsdf k'/} /sd bflvnf ePkl5 pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd s} Dofb
lbO{ Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L 5f]8k"lh{+ lbg ;lsg]5 .
♠
f
@^s= lr/fg sf7sf] cf];f/k;f/M v/Lbstf{n] uf]lnof sf7 v/Lb u/L pTkfbg u/]sf]
lr/fg sf7 cf];f/k;f/ ug'{ kbf{ lng' kg]5
{ f]8k"lh{ dfu u/]sf] tLg lbg leq ;DalGwt
clwsf/Ln] pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
@&= jg k}bfjf/sf] b/lk7M lhNnf jgsfof{non] lbPsf] 5f]8k"hL{ / rnfgL kqsf] cfwf/df
O{nfsf, /]Gh kf]i6 jf jg rf}sLx?n] jg k}bfjf/sf] r]s hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 . rnfgL kq
cg';f/ jg k}bfjf/ b'?:t ePdf ;Ssn rnfgL kqsf] k5f8L b/lk7 u/L 5f]8L lbg'
kg]{5 .
@*= clwsf/ k|Tof]hg M dGqfnon] o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo]
s]xL clwsf/ If]qLo jg lgb]{zs jf dftxtsf cGo s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]
5.

Ψ
klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf]
♠
klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 yk

47
 cg';"rL !
-bkmf * sf] pk–bkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============
-uf]lnof÷ lr/fg sf7, bfpf/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ 8fFsa9fa9åf/f lnnfd
laqmLsf] ;"rgf .

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ldltM

o; sfof{nosf] sDkfpG8 ÷ cGt/ut ============== /]~hkf]i6sf] 3f6u2L ==============df -7fFpsf] gfd_/x]sf]
j]jfl/;L ÷hkmlt ÷cf=j= ==============sf]==============cleo'Qm JolQmsf] gfd_ ;d]t ePsf] kmf}hbf/L d'2f g+=
-------------------sf] ldlt ------------------- df ePsf] km};nf cg';f/ hkmt ePsf] lgDg kl/df0fsf]
sf7, bfp/f jf ------------------- -cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ cflb h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf
lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of] !% ÷@! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5's JolQm, ;+3 ;+:yf, kmd{
jf s_klgn] 8fFsa9fa9df efu lng cfdGq0f ul/G5 .

tkl;n
-!_ jg k}bfjf/sf] ljj/0fM -pbfx/0f_
jg k}bfjf/sf] d"NofÍg ?
qm=;+ n6 g+= hft lsl;d yfg kl/df0f Go"gtd s6fg vr{
! # ;fn / cGo uf]lnof ÷lr/fg #) !)) 3g lkm6 aL; xhf/ rf/ xhf/
@ @ -- bfp/f – $ r§f rf/ xhf/ cf7 xhf/
# ! lr/fO{tf] hl8a'6L – %)) s]=hL= Psxhf/ kf+r –
;o
-@_ 8fFslnnfd a9fa9 x'g] :yfg, ldlt / ;doM
-s_ :yfg ============== v_ ldlt ==============-u_ ;do ============== ah]
-#_ 8fFsa9fa9 Go"gtd d"Noaf6 z'? ul/g]5 . tf]lsPsf] s6fg, d'5fg / 9'nfg cflbsf] vr{ a]Un} j'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ lnnfd ;sf/ ug{ 8fFsjf]Ng] ;a}n] 8fFsaf]Ng' k"j{ Go"gtd d"No ? ============== sf] % k|ltztn] x'g] gub
w/f}6L /fVg' kg]{5 . 8fFscÍ j9\b} uPdf ;f]xL cg'kftdf w/f}6L yk ub}+ hfg' kg]{5 .
-%_ lnnfd :jLs[tug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ldf lglxt /xg] 5 .
-^_ lnnfd a9fa9 x'g] jg k}bfjf/ 3f6u2Ldf sfof{no v'n]sf] ;dodf x]g{ ;lsg] 5 .
-&_ lnnfd :jLs[tePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] !) lbg leq ;sf/ u/]sf] /sd tyf lgwf{l/t d"No
clej[l¢s/ / s6fg d'5fg ;d]t j'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-*_ ;a}eGbf a9L sjf]n ug]{ # hjfgn] :jb]zL eP % k|ltzt / ljb]zL eP !) k|ltzt w/f}6L /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-(_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? -sfof{non] d'gfl;j ;Dem] adf]lhd_ .

48
 cg';"rL–@
-bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -%_ -ª_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

8fFsa9fa9sf] d'r'Nsf

lnlvtd xfdL tkl;nsf JolQmx? / sfof{no k|ltgLlwx?sf] /f]xj/df lhNnf jg sfof{no ==============
n] n6g+===============sf] sf7 ÷bfp/f jf ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg leq kfO{g] ef]nf{sf] kftsf] jf cGo jg
k}bfjf/ cf=j=---------------sf nfuL ÷nfO{ 8fFsa9fa9 k|lqmofåf/f lnnfd ÷ 7]Ssf nufO{ laqmL ug]{
ldlt --------------- sf] k"j{ ;"rgf cg';f/ cfh ldlt --------------- ;do ---------------ah] b]lv
--------------- ah] ;Dd plNnlvt jg k}bfjf/x?sf] 8fFsa9fa9 u/fpFbf 8fFsa9fj9df ;xefuLx? dWo]
;a} eGbf a9L saf]n ug]{ qm|d cg';f/ tLg JolQmx? jf kmd{x?af6 lgDg 8fFssa'n ePsf]n] of] d'r'Nsf
tof/ u/LPsf] 5 .

;sf/stf{sf] jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd kl/df0f Go"gtd d"No 8fFscÍ w/f}6L x:tfIf/ s}lkmot
gfd

/f]xj/ -8fFsa9fa9df efu lng] / cGo JolQmx?_

!_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

@_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
#_--------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
$_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
%_ ----------------gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

sfof{no k|ltlglw

!_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

@_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
#_ --------------- -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 sfd tfd]n ug]{

===============================================================================sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / b:tvt

O{lt ;Dat @) ;fn -dlxgf_ ut] /f]h df z'ed\ .

49
 cg';"rL # -s_
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k"0f{ Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgfsf] gd"gf

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
------------------

-uf]lnof÷ lr/fg sf7, bfpf/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ af]nkqåf/f lnnfd laqmLsf]
;"rgf .

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ldltM

o; sfof{nosf] sDkfpG8 ÷cGt/ut ----------------- /]~hkf]i6sf] 3f6u2L ----------------- df

-7fpFsf] gfd_ ;'v8, 9nfk8f ÷l;lNesNr/ ck/]zgaf6 k|fKt ePsf] jf /x]sf] j]jfl/;L ÷hkmlt ÷cf=j=
----------------- sf] ----------------- -cleo'Qm JolQmsf] gfd_ ;d]t ePsf] kmf}hbf/L d'2f g+=
----------------- sf] ldlt ----------------- df ePsf] km};nf cg';f/ hkmt ePsf] lgDg kl/df0fsf]
sf7, bfp/f jf ----------------- -cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ cflb h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf
cfk\mg} vr{df p7fO{ n}hfg' kg]{ u/L lnnfd ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5's
JolQm, ;+3, ;+:yf kmd{ jf sDklgn] of] ;"rgf ----------------- -klqsf sf] gfd_ df k|yd k6s k|sflzt
ePsf] ldltn] !% ÷@! lbg leq l;naGbL af]nkq bflvnf ug{ cfJxfg ul/G5 .

tkl;n

-!_ jg k}bfjf/sf] ljj/0f M -pbfx/0f_

jg k}bfjf/sf] d"NofÍg ?
qm=;= n6 g+= hft lsl;d yfg kl/df0f Go"gtd s6fg vr{
! # ;fn / cGo uf]lnof÷ !#) %)) 3g Ps nfv aL; xhf/
lr/fg lkm6
@ @ – bfp/f – @$ r§f rf}la; xhf/ krf; xhf/
# ! cGo 9'Ëf, lu§L, – @) nfv bz nfv –
afn'jf 3g lkm6
-@_ af]nkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldlt / ;doM
-s_ clGtd ldlt ----------------- -v_ ;do ----------------- ah] ;Dd .
-#_ af]nkq ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf lgb]{zgfno jf jg ljefujf6 vl/b / bflvnf ug{
;lsg]5 .

50
-$_ af]nkq ;fy sa'n u/]sf] /sdsf] !) k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sd jf]nkq v/Lb u/]sf] sfof{nosf]
---------------- a}+sdf /x]sf] g+= ----------------- sf] w/f}6L vftfdf gub hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn
ef}r/ ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ a}+s hdfgt w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf k]z ul/Psf To:tf] hdfgt slDtdf ^ dlxgf ;Ddsf] nflu x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ af]nkq kmf/d ? ----------------- -kl5 lkmtf{ gx'g] u/L_ lt/L o; sfof{nosf] n]vfzfvf jf
============= If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno jf jg ljefuaf6 vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ lnnfd a9fa9 x'g] jg k}bfjf/ sfof{no v'n]sf] ;do leq o; sfof{nosf] sDkfpG8df /x]sf] jf
----------------/]~h kf]i6sf] 3f6u2L :yndf uO{ x]g{ ;lsg] 5 .
-*_ lnnfddf efu lng O{R5's sDkgL jf kmd{sf k|f]k|fO{6/n] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL, s/
btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL jf :yfoL n]vf gDj/ -PAN_
btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL af]nkq;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] Go"gtd ;+Vofsf / /Ltk"j{s kg{cfPsf af]nkqx? ldlt ----------------- df
----------------- ah] ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]lng] 5 .
-!)_ lnnfd :jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] !) lbg leq ;sf/ u/]sf] /sd tyf lgwf{l/t d"No
clea[l4s/ ;d]t j'emfO{ lnnfddf r9fPsf] jg k}bfjf/ tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq p7fO{ n}hfg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ af]nkqdf ;sf/ ul/Psf] /sd cÍ / cIf/ b'a}df n]Vg' kb{5 . cÍ / cIf/df km/s k/] cIf/nfO{
dfGotf lbO{g]5 .
-!@_ af]nkq dfGo gx'g] cj:yf / cGo cfjZos s'/fx? -sfof{non] d'gfl;j ;Dem] jdf]lhd v'nfpg]_.

51
 cg';"rL–# -v_
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============

-cld|;f], jfljof], ef]nf{sf]kft, t]Gb'kft h:tf jg k}bfjf/_ jf]nkq u/L 7]Ssfåf/f

lnnfd ljqmLsf] ;"rgf

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ldltM

------------- lhNnfsf] ==============/]~hkf]i6 ÷/]~hkf]i6x? cGt/ut kg]{ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt /fli6«o jgdf
kfOg] lgDg kl/df0fsf] cld|;f] ÷jfljof] ÷ef]nf{ kft ÷t]Gb' kft -s] xf] v'nfO{ n]Vg]_ cf=j= ----------- sf]
nflu 7]Ssf nufO{ laqmL–ljt/0f ul/g] x'Fbf of] !% ÷@! lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5's JolQm, ;+3,
;+:yf, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] cfk\mg} vr{df Onfsf jg sfof{no jf /]~hkf]i6sf] /]vb]vdf jg If]qjf6 ;Íng u/L
n}hfg] u/L jf]nkq bflvnf ug{ cfdlGqt ul/G5 .

tkl;n

-!_ jg k}bfjf/sf] ljj/0fM -pbfx/0f_

qm=;+= jg k}bfjf/sf] hft kl/df0f Go"gtd d"No

! t]Gb'kft %),))) s]=lh= !,)),))).–
@ t]hkft %,))) s]= lh= %),))).–

af]nkqsf zt{x? cg';"rL –#-s_ cg';f/ g} x'g] 5 .

52
 cg';"rL–# -u_
-bkmf ( sf] pk bkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============

-!_ -uf]lnof ÷lr/fg sf7, bfpf/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ af]nkqåf/f lnnfd laqmLsf] ;"rgf .

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ldltM

o; sfof{nosf] sDkfpG8÷cGt/ut ============== /]~hkf]i6sf] 3f6u2L ------------------ df -7fpFsf] gfd_

;'v8, 9nfk8f, bl/ofj'bL{ ÷l;lNesNr/n ck/]zgaf6 k|fKt ePsf] jf /x]sf] j]jfl/;L ÷hkmtL ljleGg
n6df /flvPsf] ;fn / cGo hft sf7 ------------------3g lkm6 / vo/ sf7 ---- s]= hL= jf bfpf/f
--------r§f jf ============== -cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd_ ---------- s]=hL= cflb h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL
cj:yfdf cfk\mg} vr{df p7fO{ n}hfg' kg]{ u/L lnnfd lalqm ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5
. OR5's JolQm, ;+3, ;+:yf kmd{ jf sDklgn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% ÷@! lbg leq
lhNnf jg sfof{no, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno, jg ljefu jf -------------- sfof{nodf k|To]s n6sf] 5'§f5'§}
l;naGbL af]nkq bflvnf ug{ cfJxfg ul/G5 . o; ;DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu o; sfof{nodf ;Dks{
/fVg ;lsg] 5 . k"0f{ Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgf o; sfof{nosf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf 6fF; ul/Psf] 5 .

-@_ gbL vf]nfgfnfdf kfOg] 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf afn'jf af]nkqåf/f lnnfd lalqmsf] ;"rgfsf] gd"gf .

o; sfof{nosf] 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf afn'jf lgsfNg] ;DaGwL :jLs[t jftfj/0fLo k|efj k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo
k|efj d"NofÍg cg';f/ o; lhNnfsf] jg If]q leqsf ============================-gbL tyf vf]nfx?sf] gfd_ af6
lg:sg] k|:tfljt kl/df0fsf] 9'Ëf ============== 9'Ëf 3g lkm6, lu§L ===============3g lkm6 tyf afn'jf 3g lkm6sf]
cf=j= -------- sf] nflu 7]Ssf nufpg' kg]{ ePsf]n] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . OR5's JolQm, ;+3,
;+:yf kmd{ jf sDklgn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% ÷@! lbg leq o; sfof{no jf
If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno jf jg ljefuaf6 af]nkq kmf/d vl/b ug'{ eO{ l;njGbL af]nkq bflvnf ug{ cfJxfg
ul/G5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu sfof{nodf sfo{fno ;do leq ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

53
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf !! ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============
jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd a9fa9sf] af]nkq kmf/d

af]nkq laqmL qm ;+= ============== af]nkq vl/b ug]{sf] gfd / 7]ufgf

------------
af]nkqsf] d"No ? ---------------- cfos/ btf{ g------------
af]nkq laqmL ldlt -------------- d"No clea[l4 s/ btf{ g+=
n6 ÷Kn6 g+= ----- 3f6u2L jf Kn6sf] :yfg ----------- :yfoL n]vf g+= -PAN _-----------

lnnfd x'g] jg k}bfjf/sf] ljj/0f / ;sf/ d"No

jg k}bfjf/sf] ljj/0f ;sf/ u/]sf]

s"n k|lt OsfO /sd w/f}6L
qm=;+= hft yfg OsfO{ Go"gtd d"No
kl/df0f b/ cÍdf cIf/df

d}n] ÷xfdLn] o; lhNnf jg sfof{no, ==============af6 ldlt ============== df k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ pko'{Qm
n6 ÷Kn6sf] jg k}bfjf/sf]nflu ? ============== cIf]/]kL ? ==============df saf]n u/]sf] l7s ;f+rf] xf] . ;f]
sf] !) k|ltzt jfkt x'g] /sd ? ============== sf] ============== a}sdf /x]sf] o; sfof{nosf] w/f}6L vftf g+=
-------------- df hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn ef}r/ jf ============= j}+s sf] ^ dlxgfsf] j}s Uof/}G6L o;} ;fy
;+nUg /fvL k]z u/]sf] 5' ÷5f} . d]/f] ÷xfd|f] gfddf lnnfd laqmL ;b/ ePdf o; jg k}bfjf/ ;Fu ;DalGwt
;a} k|sf/sf s/ tyf dxz'nx? tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq a'emfO{ sf7÷bfp/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/ p7fO{ n}hfg]
5'÷5f}_ . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf /sd hDdf ug{ g;s]df jf tkl;nsf zt{x? kfngf gu/]df d}n] ÷xfdLn]
/fv]sf] w/f}6L hkmt u/]df d~h'/ ub+5' ÷5f} .

zt{x?
!_ lnnfddf r9]sf] jg k}bfjf/ hxfF h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf s6fg, d'5fg, ug'{ kg]{ eP
;f] ;d]t u/L cfk\mgf] vr{df p7fO{ nUg' kg]{5 .
@_ jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng ubf{ nfusf] s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL cflb ;a} vr{ 5'§} a'emfpg' kg]{5 -v8f ?vsf]
xsdf of] bkmf nfu" gx'g]_ .

54
#_ k|:t't af]nkq ;DaGwdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To;sf] clGtd lg0f{o lbg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt
clwsf/Ldf x'g] 5 .
$_ /Lt gk'uL jf Dofb gf3L k|fKt ePsf] af]nkq pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL x'g] 5}g .
%_ af]nkqdf ;sf/stf{n] cÍ / cIf/df km/s kf/]df cIf/nfO{ dfGotf lbO{g] 5 .
^_ af]nkq k"/} jf cf+lzs ?kdf :jLs[tug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt clwsf/Ldf ;'/lIft /xg] 5 .
&_ lnnfd ;sf/ u/L laqmL :jLs[tePsf] jg k}bfjf/ sjf]n cÍ k'/} j'emfO{ tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq p7fO{
;Sg' kg]{5 .
*_ v8f ?vsf] xsdf d"NofÍg eGbf sd kl/df0f lg:s]df k'/} sjf]n cÍ / d"NofÍgaf6 !) k|ltzt eGbf
a9L lg:s]df htL a9L x'G5 sjf]nsf] b/ cg';f/ yk /sd a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
(_ cGo s'/fx? k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ x'g] 5 .

ldltM ============== kmd{sf] 5fk af]nkqbftfsf]

gfdM ==============================
b:tvt =========================

55
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf !$ sf] pk bkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu ÷If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno ÷lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============
ljifoM lznjGbL af]nkq vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsf .

lnlvtd xfdL b]xfosf dflg;x? cfu] lhNnf jg sfof{no --------------- jf6 ldlt -------------- df
k|sflzt sf7 ÷bfp/f ÷cGo jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL ;"rgf cg';f/ ldlt -------------------
ut] -------- jh] leq o; sfof{no ÷If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno ÷jg ljefudf k|fKt l;njGbL af]nkqx? cfh
ldlt ----- ut] lbgsf] --------- jh] xfdL tkl;nsf k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]nL x]bf{ lgDg adf]lhdsf
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgLn] tn pNn]v ul/Psf] Kn6 ÷n6 ÷9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf nflu lgDg adf]lhdsf] /sd
;sf/ u/]sf] / lgDg adf]lhd w/f}6L ef}r/ jf a}s Uof/]G6L k]z u/]sf] Pj+ lgDg Joxf]/f s}lkmot hgfPsf]
b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf ;f]xL Joxf]/f v'nfO{ of] af]nkq vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsf n]vL n]vfO{ ;lx5fk u/L lhNnf jg
sfof{no÷If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno ÷jg ljefu ---------- dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/df r9fof}F .

JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] gfd Kn6÷n6 Go"gtd ;sf/

qm=;+= kl/df0f w/f}6L s}lkmot
/ 7]ufgf g+= d"No /sd ?

/f]xj/
!_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
@_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
#_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

sfof{no k|ltgLlw

!_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

@_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_
#_ ============== -gfd, 7]ufgf / b:tvt_

lhNnf jg sfof{no ÷If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno ÷ljefusf] tkm{af6 sfd tfd]n ug]{

========================================== sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / b:tvt

Olt ;Dat ============== ;fn ========== dlxgf ============== ut] /f]h ========== df z'ed\ .

56
 cg';"rL–^
-bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu ÷If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno ÷lhNnf jg sfof{no===============

k/]sf af]nkqx?sf] t'ngfTds ljj/0f

lnlvtd\ xfdL tkl;ndf n]lvPsf k|ltlglwx? cfu] lhNnf jg sfof{no ============ cGt{utsf] /fli6«o jg
hËn leq kg]{ ljleGg vf]nfgfnfaf6 ;Íng x'g ;Sg] ================= 3g lkm6 9'Ëf, lu§L, ld:s6 tyf jfn'jf
cflb 7]Ssf nufO{ laqmL ug{ / /fli6\«o jg hËnaf6 ;Íng u/L ============ ============ /]~h kf]i6sf] ============
3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] n6 g+= ============ sf] ============ So"= lkm6/ r§f sf7, bfpf/f lnnfd laqmLsf] nflu ldlt
==================== df k|sfzg ePsf] ;"rgf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq kg{ cfPsf /Ltk"j{ssf af]nkqx?
vf]nL x]bf+ tkl;ndf pNn]v ul/Psf JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] lgDgfg';f/ jf]n sjf]n u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n]
t'ngfTds ljj/0f tof/ kf/L b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f n]vL n]vfO{ ;lx5fk u/L lbof}F .

tkl;n

qm=;+= b = af]nkqbftf hft yfg kl/df0f Go"gtd d"No ;sf/ cÍ ;sf/ cÍsf] s}lkmot
g+= JolQm, kmd{ jf !) k|ltzt
sDkgLsf] gfd n] x'g] w/f}6L
/ jtg

sfd tfd]n ug]{ sd{rf/L sfof{no k|ltlglwx? jf]nkqbftf jf lghsf k|ltlglw sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
!= != != clws[t k|ltlglw
@= @= @=
#= #= #=

57
 cg';"rL–&
-bkmf @) -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

# k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L lnnfd a9fa9 eO{ ;s] kl5 klg sf7 laqmL x'g g;sL Ps jiff{ -rainy season_
jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;do;Dd 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf sf7x?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ cfotg / d"Nodf Xf; s§L ug{
;lsg] 5 .

/fh:j b/df
ju{ k|hflt cfotg 36fpg ;lsg] s}lkmot
k|ltzt
s plt;, sbd, l;dn, 6'gL, cf]v/, k'gM k}dfO{; bf]>f] jif{ leq
af]6wPF/f], l;l/;, hfd'g cfFk, nx/] ubf{ sfod x'g $) b]lv ^) clgjfo{ ?kdf x6fO{
lkkn, uDxf/L, d;fnf / cGo cfPsf] ;Sg' kg]{ .
s'sf7 .
v c:gf hflt, sdf{, lrnfpg], ;Nnf @) b]lv $) t]>f] jif{ leq
hflt, rfFk, ;f}/, l;;f} hflt, clgjfo{ ?kdf x6fO{
;Sg' kg]{ .
u ;fn, l6s, vo/, ;lt;fn, bf/ ) b]lv !) Ps jif{ kl5
) b]lv !% b'O{ jif{ kl5
% b]lv #% tLg jif{ kl5
rf}yf] jif{ leq
clgjfo{ ?kdf x6fO{
;Sg' kg]{ .

58
 cg';"rL–*
-bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

v8f ?v x6fpg 7]Ssfåf/f lnnfd l:js[t ePkl5 ul/g] s/f/gfdfsf] gd"gfM

g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jg ljefu, lhNnf jg sfof{no============== / >L kmnfgf JolQm
jf ;+:yf aLr v8f ?v x6fpg] ;DaGwdf ePsf] s/f/gfdf

lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== o; kl5 æsfof{noÆ elgPsf] / >L ================== -lnnfd sa'n ug]{ JolQm
÷kmd{ sf] gfd / 7]ufgf_ o; kl5 æ7]s]bf/Æ elgPsf] aLr ==================-ldlt_ df sfof{noaf6 ================
O{nfsf jg sfof{no cGtu{t ====================/]Gh kf]i6sf] =================-eGg] 7fpFdf sfod ePsf] lgDg
Kn6sf] v8f?v jf]nkqåf/f lnnfd a9fa9sf] sf/jfO{ x'Fbf, k|fKt jf]nkqx? dWo] 7]s]bf/n] ;j} eGbf a9L
sjf]n u/L af]nkq bflvnf u/]sf]df o; sfof{nosf]÷jg ljefusf]÷g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ldlt ==========================sf]
lg0f{o cg';f/ 7]s]bf/sf] gfddf lalqm ;b/ ePsf]n] b]xfosf] zt{x? Ps csf{nfO{ dfGg] x'g] u/L Kn6af6
lg:sg] sf7 tyf bfp/f lng lbg dGh'/ x'Fbf of] ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 .

tkl;n

n6 g+= ================== Rf}fx2L================

5kfg /ª================ k"j{ ================ klZrd================
5kfg 6fFrf ================ pQ/================ blIf0f================

hft ?v ;+Vof d"NofÍg sf7 bfp/f s}lkmot

zt{x? M
!= 7]s]bf/n] sjf]n u/]sf] k'/} /sd Ps d'i6 s/f/ u/]sf avt a'emfpg' kg]{5 . /sd ga'emfP;Dd jg
k|j]z lbO{g] 5}g .
@= sjf]n /sd a'emfPsf] # lbg leq sfof{non] clgjfo{ ?kdf jg k|j]z lbg] 5 . jg k|j]z k|fKt u/] kl5
Kn6sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L 7]s]bf/sf] x'g] 5 .
#= sfof{noaf6 jg k|j]z k|fKt u/]kl5 tf]lsPsf] Kn6df uO{ s6fg d'5fg sfo{z'? ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
$= Kn6df ePsf nut adf]lhdsf ?vx? s6fg, d'5fg / 3f6u2L ug]{ nufotsf sfo{x? 7]s]bf/n] g}
ug'{ kg]{5 / To; sfo{sf] nflu nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{x? 7]s]bf/ :jo+n] g]} Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .

59
%= Kn6sf] jg k|j]z k|fKt u/] kl5 nut adf]lhdsf ?vx? s6fg d'5fg ubf{ sfof{nosf k|ltlglwsf]
/f]xj/ / lgb]{zgdf a]5kfg ?vnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL gx'g] lsl;daf6 sfo{;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 . ?v
s6fg ubf{ cGo ?vnfO{ gf]S;fg x'g uPdf gf]s;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ 7]s]bf/n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
^= ?v s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L ubf{ jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng tyf ljlqm ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf @)%& sf]
bkmf ( / !) cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
&= s6fg ePsf sf7 bfp/fsf] 3f6u2L sfof{non] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] sf7 tyf bfp/f
3f6u2Ldf cfpgf;fy ;j}sf] 3f6u2L /lhi6/ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
*= 7]s]bf/n] sfd z'? u/]kl5 k|To]s !%.!% lbgdf sfdsf] k|ult Onfsf jg sfof{no dfkm{t lhNnf jg
sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
(= 3f6u2Ldf cfPsf] sf7 tyf bfp/f 7]s]bf/n] qmlds ?kdf ljdfsf{ u/fO{ 5f]8k"hL{ agfO{ n}hfg ;Sg]
5 . o;/L 5f]8k"hL{ lb+bf ;"rgfdf k|sflzt kl/0ffd eGbf !) k|ltzt ;Dd a9L ePdf sjf]n cÍdf
g} / ;f] eGbf a9L lg:s]df hlt a9L x'G5 To:sf] yk /fh:j saf]n u/]sf] k|lt O{sfO{b/af6 a'emfpg'
kg]{5 . t/ d"NofÍg eGbf sd sf7 tyf bfp/f pTkfbg eP klg sjf]n ul/P cg';f/ bflvnf u/]sf]
/sd lkmtf{ x'g] 5}g .
!)= s6fg u/L lg:s]sf] sf7 tyf bfp/fsf] ;'/Iff Kn6 cyjf 3f6u2L hxfF ePklg 7]s]bf/n] g} ug'{ kg]{5
/ s'g} sf/0faf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf To:sf] k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L 7]s]bf/ g} x'g] 5 .
!!= jg k|j]z kfP kl5 7]s]bf/n] tf]lsPsf] ;do leq s6fg, d'5fg / 3f6u2L ug]{ sfo{;dfKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf dfq jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng tyf ljlqm ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf @)%& sf] bkmf
!( sf] pkbkmf @ / # sf] clwgdf /xL Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg] 5 . To:t} ;dodf 3f6u2Laf6 tf]]lsPsf]
;dodf sf7 tyf bfp/f p7fO n}hfg g;s]df ;f]xL bkmfsf] pk bkmf -$_ / -%_ cg';f/ Dofb yk ug{
;lsg] 5 .
!@= pQm Kn6af6 lg:sg] sf7 tyf bfp/fsf] /fh:j afx]s lgodfg';f/ nfUg] cGo ;j} s/x? 7]s]bf/n] g}
cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
!#= s6fg,d'5fg / 3f6u2Ldf 9'jfgL sfo{eO{ ;s] kl5 Kn6sf] kmfOgn hfFr ul/g] 5 . xfgL gf]]S;fgL
ge]l6Pdf / 7]s]bf/n] a'emfpg' kg]{ ;j} lsl;dsf] /fh:j a'emfO{ ;s]kl5 dfq lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L
lkmtf{ ul/g] 5 .
!$= o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox?df ;f]xL jdf]lhd / c?df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] 5 .
!% o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt s'g} ljifodf jfb ljjfb k/]df jg ljefusf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] 5 .
!^= of] s/f/gfdf -;Demf}tf_ b'j} kIfn] x:tfIf/ u/L sfof{non] jg k|j]z lbPsf] ldlt b]lv To;df
tf]lsPsf] ldlt ;Dd nfu" x'g]5 / ;dodf sfo{;DkGg geO{ Dofb yk ePdf yk ePsf] ;do;Dd
sfod /x]sf] dflgg] 5 .
o; ;Demf}tf adf]lhd plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfngf ug]{ u/L cfh ldlt ==========================df sfof{no /
7]s]bf/ tkm{af6 tn n]lvPsf ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/L Ps Ps k|lt a'lem lnof}+
lbof}+ .

60
7]s]bf/sf] tkm{af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{af6

gfd gfd
x:tfIf/ x:tfIf/
kb kb
ldlt ldlt

;fIfL /f]xj/ ;fIfL

gfd gfd
x:tfIf/ x:tfIf/
kb kb
ldlt ldlt

61
 cg';"rL–(
-bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

9'Ëf, lu6L / afn'jf 7]Ssfåf/f lnnfd l:js[t ePkl5 ul/g] s/f/gfdfsf] gd"gf

g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jg ljefu, lhNnf jg sfof{no=========================== /

>L kmnfgf JolQm jf ;+:yf aLr lhNnfsf] jg If]q leqsf ljleGg vf]nf gbL gfnfx?af6 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6
/ afn'jf 7]Ssfåf/f lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwdf ePsf] s/f/gfdf

lnlvtd\ >L ======================= sf] gflt >L =========================== sf] 5f]/f lhNnf ================= uf=lj=;=
=============jf8{ g+= ========== a:g] jif{ ================sf] -k|ltlglw eP h:t}M >L clwsf/L a|bz{sf] k|ltlglw_
>L ================-o; kl5 7]s]bf/ elgPsf]_ cfu] lhNnf jg sfof{no ====================-o; kl5 sfof{no
elgPsf]_ cGtu{t -pbfx/0fsf] nflu dgx/L, nf]y/, xf8L vf]nf cfbL pNn]v ug]{_ af6 cf=j= )%*.%( sf]
nflu :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] kl/df0f @),)),))) 3g lkm6 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf 7]Ssfåf/f
laqmL ug]{ ;DaGwL o; sfof{nosf] ldlt ========================df k|sflzt ;'rgf cg';f/ Dofb leq kg{cfPsf
/Ltk"j{ssf af]nkqx? dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L /sd ? !^,)),))).– tkfO{ >L ==============-JolQmsf] gfd jf
sDkgLsf] gfd h:t} M dfwj l3ld/], x]6f}8f jf clwsf/L a|bz{_ n] ;sf/ u/L pQ 7]Ssf tkfO{sf] gfddf :jLs[t eO{
;Demf}tf u/L kfpg cfkm} jf k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] lgDg zt{ kfngf ug{ xfdL b'a} kIf
d~h'/ ePsfn] of] ;Demf}tf ul/of] .

s/f/gfdf -;Demf}tf_ sf zt{x?M

! 7]s]bf/n] ;"rgfdf k|sflzt pko'{Qm jg If]q leq kg]{ gbL, vf]nf gfnfaf6 dfq tf]lsPsf] kl/df0f
-@),)),)))_ 3g lkm6 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf dfq ;Íng ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L ;Íng ubf{ gbL
jf vf]nfsf] bfofF afofF !%.!% ld6/ 5f8L aLr efuaf6 lgsfNg' kg]{5 . ;fj{hlgs k"n k"n];f jf ;8s
/x]sf] 7fpFdf Toxfaf6 b'a} lsgf/df #)).#)) ld6/ 5f8L 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng ug{ kfO{g]
5.
@ of] ;Demf}tf b'a} kIfn] d~h'/ u/L b:tvt u/]sf] ldlt b]lv To;} cf=j=sf] cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd nfu"
x'g]5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq lgwf{l/t kl/df0f 7]s]bf/n] lgsfNg g;s]df s'g} klg xfntdf csf]{ cfly{s
jif{df Dofb yk x'g] 5}g .
# 7]s]bf/n] klxnf] ls:tf a'emfPsf] # -tLg_ lbg leq sfof{non] jg k|j]z lbg]5 . jg k|j]z O{hfht k|fKt
u/] kl5 7]s]bf/n] 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng u/L lgsfNg] sfo{k|f/De ug{ ;Sg] 5 . 9'Ëf, lu6L,
ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng / lgsf;L sfo{ubf{ sfof{noaf6 tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k"hL{ agfO{ k|dfl0ft ;d]t
u/fO{ To:tf] k'hL{af6dfq lgsf;L ug'{ kg]{5 .
$ 7]s]bf/n] 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng ;"of]{bo b]lv ;"of{:t ;Dd ug{ ;Sg] 5 t/ o;/L ul/g]
;Dk"0f{ kl/df0f ;DalGwt /]~h kf]i6af6 hfFr b/lk7 u/fO{ n}hfg' kg]{5 . 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf
;Íngsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ;fwgx? h:t} 6\«s, 6\ofS6/, uf8f cflbn] hyfefjL jg If]qsf] af6f] k|of]u
gu/L vf]nfaf6} eP/ 9'jfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .

62
% 7]s]bf/n] sjf]n cÍ b'O{ ls:tfdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] klxnf] ls:tf ;Demf}tf ePs} lbg / bf]>f]
ls:tf df3sf] & ut] leq clgjfo{ ?kdf bflvnf u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;Demf}tf ug'{ k"j{ bf]>f] ls:tf
a/fa/sf] h]yf hdfgt ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . bf]>f] ls:tf bflvnf geP ;Dd jg k|j]z /f]lsg] 5 . o;
cltl/Qm lgodfg';f/ nfUg] Eof6 klg sfof{nodf ;f]xL ;dodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
^ 7]s]bf/n] 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng tyf lgsf;L u/]sf] k|ult jg k|j]z k'hL{ lnPsf] bf]>f]
dlxgf b]lv x/]s % ut] leq clgjfo{ ?kn] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;dodf k|ult glbPdf jg
k|j]zdf /f]s nufpg ;lsg] 5 .
& 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng sfo{ubf{ 7]s]bf/ jf lghsf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf
j:t'x? km]nf kf/]df jg sfof{nodf bflvnf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
* 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng sfo{ubf{ jg, jg:klt / jGohGt'nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'/\ofpg kfO{g]
5}g . xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf jg P]g, @)$( cg';f/ b08 hl/jfgf x'g]5 . xfgL gf]S;fgL a/fj/sf] /sd
t'?Gt bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 ;f] /sd bflvnf geP ;Dd jg k|j]zdf /f]s nufO{g]5 .
( 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng sfo{ 7]s]bf/n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{ jftfj/0f k/LIf0f -IEE_ jg
jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf ;'emfO{Psf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 .
!) 7]s]bf/n] 9'Ëf, lu6L, ld:s6 / afn'jf ;Íng ug{ kfPsf] cjlwdf s'g} ;d:of jf jfbljjfb ePdf
b'j} kIfsf] cfk;L ;xdlt cg';f/ ;dfwfg ul/g]5 . ;xdlt x'g g;s]df jg ljefusf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
!! 7]s]bf/n] o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf ;Dk"0f{ zt{x? k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] cg'udg
sfof{noaf6 jf O{nfsf jf /]~hkf]i6af6 u/fO{g]5 . o:tf] cg'udgaf6 ;Demf}tf pNn3g ePsf] jf jg
P]g lgod ljkl/t ePsf] kfO{Pdf sfof{non] 7]sf tf]8\g ;Sg]5 / ;f]af6 7]s]bf/nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] xfgL
gf]s;fgL x'g uPdf sfof{no lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}g / To;sf] Ifltk'tL{ ;d]t lbg jfWo x'g] 5}g .
!@ 7]s]bf/fn] af]nkq ;fy bflvn u/]sf] !) k|ltzt w/f}6L / hdfgt 7]Ssf cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 s'g}
xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] gkfO{Pdf / nfUg] cGo s/ lSno/G]; u/L NofPdf lgodfg';f/ lkmtf{ / k'ms'jf
ul/g] 5 .
!# o; s/f/gfdf pNn]v ePsf]df o;} adf]lhd / cGodf k|rlnt P]g sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$ cGo cfjZos a'Fbfx?
7]s]bf/ tkm{af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
gfdM gfdM
x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M
kbM kbM
7]ufgfM 7]ufgfM
ldltM ldltM

;fIfL

63
 cg';"rL–!)
-bkmf @$ sf] pk bkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

t]Gb'kft h:tf jg k}bfjf/ 7]Ssfåf/f lnnfd l:js[t ePkl5 ul/g] s/f/gfdfsf] gd"gfM

g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jg ljefu, lhNnf jg sfof{no,================================= /

>L kmnfgf JolQm jf ;+:yf aLr lhNnfsf] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg If]q leq /x]sf ?vx?af6 t]Gb'kft
;Íng u/L n}hfg 7]Ssfåf/f lnnfd laqmL / vl/b ug{ ePsf] s/f/gfdf

lnlvtd\ >L ========================= sf] gflt >L =============================== sf] 5f]/f lhNnf ================
uf=lj=;==============\jf8+ g+= === a:g] jif{ ==========sf] -k|ltlglw eP h:t}M >L clwsf/L a|bz{sf] k|ltlglw_
>L =================================-o; kl5 7]s]bf/ elgPsf]_ cfu] lhNnf jg sfof{no ================= -o; kl5
sfof{no elgPsf]_ cGt{ut ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg If]q leqaf6 laqmL ug]{ ;DaGwL o; sfof{nosf] ldlt
=====================df k|sflzt ;'rgf cg';f/ Dofb leq kg{ cfPsf /Ltk'j{sf af]nkqx? dWo] ;a} eGbf
a9L /sd ?= =================tkfO{ >L ======================== - JolQmsf] gfd jf sDkgL sf] gfd h:t} -dfwj
l3ld/], x]6f}8f jf clwsf/L a|bz{_ n] ;sf/ u/L pQ 7]Ssf tkfO{sf] gfddf :jLs[t eO{ ;Demf}tf u/L kfpg
cfkm} jf k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] lgDg zt{ kfngf ug{ xfdL b'a} kIf d~h'/ ePsfn] of]
;Demf}tf ul/of] .

s/f/gfdf -;Demf}tf_ sf zt{x?M

! 7]s]bf/n] sjf]n u/]sf] k'/} /sd Ps d'i6 s/f/ u/]sf avt a'emfpg' kg]{5 . /sd ga'emfP;Dd jg k|j]
z lbO{g] 5}g .
@ sjf]n /sd a'emfPsf] # lbg leq sfof{non] clgjfo{ ?kdf jg k|j]z lbg] 5 . sfof{noaf6 jg
k|j]z k|fKt u/]kl5 tf]lsPsf] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg If]qdf uO{ kft ;Íng sfo{ z'? ug{ ;lsg]
5.
# t]Gb'kft ;Íng ubf{ u/fpFbf To; sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] ;j} sfdbf/x?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / ltgk':t] ljj/0f
sfo{;~rfng k"j{ 7]s]bf/n] sfof{nonfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
$ ;Íng ePsf ;Dk"0f{kftx? lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]s]sf] 7fFpdf 3f6u2L ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L 3f6u2Ldf
cfPsf ;Dk"0f{kftsf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDd]jf/L 7]s]bf/ :jo+n] g} lng'' kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] :yfg afx]s cGoq
3f6u2L ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
% 7]s]bf/n] sfd z'? u/]kl5 k|To]s !%.!% lbgdf sfdsf] k|ult Onfsf jg sfof{no dfkm{t sfof{nodf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
^ jg If]qdf t]Gb'kft ;Íng ug]{ Dofb cf=j===================sf] h]i7 d;fGt ;Dd x'g] 5 . To; kl5 ;Íng
ug{ kfO{g] 5}g . tf]lsPsf] Dofb kl5 ;Íng ul/Pdf ;+slnt kl/df0f j/fj/sf] x'g] t]Ja/ /fh:j
lt/fO{ nfg lbO{g] 5 .
& 3f6u2Ldf cfPsf kft cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd lgsf;L u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . sf/0fj; ;f] ;do leq lgsf;L
ug{ g;s]df a9Ldf Ps dlxgf ;Ddsf] Dofb lbg ;lsg] 5 . To; kl5 Dofb yk x'g] 5}g .

64
* jg If]qdf t]Gb'kft ;Íng sfo{ubf{ sfdbf/ s;}n] klg ToxfF /x]sf cGo jg:klt tyf jGo hGt'nfO{ s'g}
k|sf/n] xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg kfO{g] 5}g . xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g uPdf jg P]g @)$( / jg lgodfjnL
@)%! jf /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g @)@( cg';f/ sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
( ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] ;do leq kft ;Íng sfo{ ;lsP kl5 Kn6sf] kmfOgn hfFr ul/g] 5 . xfgL
gf]]S;fgL ge]l6Pdf / 7]s]bf/n] a'emfpg' kg]{ ;j} lsl;dsf] /fh:j -s/ ;d]t_ a'emfO{ ;s]sf] k|df0f k]z
u/]kl5 dfq lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L lkmtf{ ul/g] 5 .
!) o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox?df ;f]xL jdf]lhd / c?df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!! o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt s'g} ljifodf jfb ljjfb k/]df jg ljefusf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!@ of] s/f/gfdf -;Demf}tf_ b'j} kIfn] x:tfIf/ u/L sfof{non] jg k|j]z lbPsf] ldlt b]lv To;df tf]lsPsf]
ldlt ;Dd nfu" x'g] 5 / ;dodf sfo{;DkGg geO{ Dofb yk ePdf yk ePsf] ;do;Dd sfod /x]sf]
dflgg] 5 .

o; ;Demf}tf adf]lhd plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfngf ug]{ u/L cfh ldlt ====================================df
sfof{no / 7]s]bf/ tkm{af6 tn n]lvPsf ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/L Ps Ps k|lt
a'lemlnof}F lbof}F .

7]s]bf/sf] tkm{af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{af6

gfd gfd
x:tfIf/ x:tfIf/
kb kb
ldlt ldlt

;fIfL /f]xj/ ;fIfL

gfd gfd
7]ufgf x:tfIf/
x:tfIf/ kb
ldlt ldlt

65
 cg';"rL–!!
-bkmf @%-!_;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============
r= g+= ldltM

ljifo M 5f]8k"lh{ lbPsf] .

>L ==================================
=======================================
pko'{Qm ljifodf o; sfof{noaf6 =================Onfsf jg sfof{no cGtu{t ==================/]=kf]=sf] ================÷
Kn6 g+= ============== ÷3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] n6 g+=================cf=j= ==================== sf] v8f?v÷sf7÷
bfp/f÷==============cGo jg k}bfjf/ eP To;sf] gfd_ lnnfd lalqm ug{ k|sflzt ldlt ============== sf] ;"rgf
cg';f/ ldlt ====================df ePsf] 8fFs a9fa9df ÷ tkfO{n] k]z u/]sf] jf]nkqdf tkfO{sf] sjf]n cÍ ;j}
eGbf a9L x'Fbf ldlt ===============sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tkfO{sf] gfddf lalqm ;b/ eO{ sjf]n cÍ ?==================
o; sfof{nodf k|fKt eO{ ;s]sf]n] tkfO{sf] dfu cg';f/ =========== ;DDf n}hfg ldlt =======================sf]
gfkL÷ladfsf{ cg';f/ j= lj= lalqm ============== 6fFrf lg;fg nfu]sf] lgDg jg k}bfjf/ ================lbg leq
p7fO{ n}hfg] u/L of] 5f]8k"hL{ lbPsf] 5 . O=j=sf= ÷/]=kf]=n] k|bfg u/]sf] rnfgL kqx?sf] cwf/df jg k}bfjf/
cf];f/ k/;f/ ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
tkl;n
qm ; jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd lsl;d yfg kl/df0f sjf]n b/ bfv]nf
hft -sf7 ÷bfp/f ÷ -O{sfO{ ;lxt_ u/]sf]
cGo jg k}bfjf/_ /fh:j

hDdf
hDdf /sd cIf/df
============== ==============================
n]vfkfn lhNnf jg clws[t
jf]wfy{ M
! lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt=================
@ lhNnf jg sfof{no========================-k'Ug] 7fFpsf]_
# ===============O{nfsf jg sfof{no=====================
$ n]vf zfvf

66
 cg';"rL–!@ -s_
-bkmf @%-!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============

a's g+=
qm ;+=
5f]8k"hL{ cg';f/sf] rnfgkqsf] qm=;+=
ldltM

uf]lnof sf7 ÷ lr/fg jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] rnfgL kq

lh=j=sf= ====================sf] qm= ;+= ================r= g+= ================ ldlt============================ sf] 5f]8k"hL{
cg';f/ >L ============================ n] k|fKt u/]sf] uf]lnof sf7 ÷lr/fg ÷cGo jg k}bfjf/ yfg============ sf]
================ 3g kmL6 dWo] lgDgfg';f/ gfk ;fO{hsf] uf]lnof sf7 ÷lr/fg÷cGo jg k}bfjf/ ==============
;Dd================lbg leq n}hfg hfFrL 5f]8L lbg x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

qm;+ hft lsl;d gfk ;fO{h yfg kl/df0f jfxg g+= of] s}lkmot
-OsfO ;d]t_ rnfgL
kq ;d]t
lgsf;L
! ;fn uf]lnof $′′ × !)′ @ @) 3glkm6 gf ! v yfgM
@ c;gf lr/fg #Æ×$Æ×!@Æ % 3glkm6 @!#@
# ef]nf{ kft – d]=6g # kl/df0fM
$ lr/fO{tf] hl8a'6L d]=6g %

7]s]bf/ jf k|ltlglwsf] gfd O{= j= sf ÷/]=kf]= sf] gfd

b:tvt sd{rf/Lsf] gfd
ldlt b:tvt
ldlt
gf]6 M != of] rnfgL kq O{= j= sf= jf /]= kf]= n] 5f]8k"hL{sf] cfwf/df jgfO lbg] 5 . k|To]s rnfg kqsf]
# k|lt jgfpg' kg]{5 . klxnf] k|lt kFx]nf] 7]s]bf/sf] nflu, bf]>f] k|lt xl/of] lh= j= sf= k7fpg] /
t]>f] k|lt ;]tf gSsn ;DalGwt a'sdf /xg]5 .
@= b/lk7 ;Ssn k+x]nf] k|ltsf] k5f8L ug'{ xf]nf .

67
 cg';"rL–!@ -v_
-bkmf @%-!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no
==============

a's g+=
qm= ;+=
5f]8k"hL{ cg';f/sf] rnfgL kqsf] qm=;+=
ldltM

bfp/fsf] rnfgL kq

lh= j= sf= =================sf] qm= ;+============r= g+= ===============ldlt======================== sf] 5f]8k"hL{ cg';f/
>L ============================ n] k|fKt u/]sf] bfp/f r§f================= dWo] lgDgfg';f/ gfk ;fO{hsf] bfp/f r§f
================= ;Dd ===============lbg leq n}hfg hfFrL 5f]8L lbg x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

Kn6 ÷ n6 bfp/fsf] O{sfO ;+Vof jfxg g+= of] rnfgL kq s}lkmot

g+= hft ;d]t lgsf;L
kl/df0f
hft pNn]v
ubf{ d'Vo d'Vo
dfq ug'{ xf]nf .

7]s]bf/ jf k|ltlglwsf] O{= j= sf=÷/]= kf]= sf]

gfd gfd
b:tvt sd{rf/Lsf] gfd
ldlt b:tvt
ldlt
gf]6 M
! of] rnfgL kq O{= j= sf= jf /]= kf]= n] 5f]8k"hL{sf] cfwf/df jgfO lbg] 5 . k|To]s rnfg kqsf] # k|lt
jgfpg' kg]{5 . klxnf] k|lt kx]Fnf] 7]s]bf/sf] nflu, bf]>f] k|lt xl/of] lh=j=sf= k7fpg] / t]>f] k|lt ;]tf]
gSsn ;DalGwt a'sdf /xg] 5 .
@ b/lk7 ;Ssn kx]Fnf] k|ltsf] k5f8L ug'{ xf]nf .

68
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^#

:jLs[t ldltM @)^#.)(.@^

k|:tfjgfM
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] 3/sfh, hg;xeflutfåf/f ;~rfng ul/g] ;fgfltgf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{,
b}jL k|sf]k / s[lif cf}hf/sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf7 bfp/f lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt dfkm{t\
pknAw u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{, ;/n Pj+ l56f]5l/tf] t'Nofpg] p2]Zon] jg lgodfjnL,
@)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon]
b]xfosf] lgb]{lzsf jgfO{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b –!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ælhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw
lgb]{lzsf, @)^#Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiffM laifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf M–
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æjg sfo{of]hgfÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @ -3_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{of]hgf ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-3_ æKn6Æ eGgfn] lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;ldltnfO{ rflxg] sf7 bfp/f pknAw u/fpg
5kfg, d"NofÍg u/L rf/ lsNnf tf]sL jg k}bfjf/ -sf7 bfp/f_ ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f
lgb{]lzsf, @)%& cg';f/ 5'6\ofOPsf] jgIf]qnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-ª_ æ3f6u2LÆ eGgfn] sf7 bfp/f laqmL–lat/0f jf cGo tj/n] xs x:tfGt/0f geP;Dd
;'/lIft /fVg lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]s]sf] 7fpFnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-r_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ( adf]lhd ul7t lhNnf jg
k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æclGtd hfFrÆ eGgfn] ;ldltn] sfd ug{ kfPsf] Kn6df s6fg d'5fg cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{
;DkGg ePkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsn] u/]sf] clGtd hfFrnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
-h_ æl8kf]Æ eGgfn] uf]lnof sf7, lr/fg sf7, bfp/f tyf o;sf ;x–pTkfbg laqmL–ljt/0f
ug]{ p2]Zon] ;Íng u/L /fv]sf :yfg ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æ;ldltsf] 5fkÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL–^ jdf]lhdsf] lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] 5fk
;Demg' kb{5 .

69
 kl/R5]b–@
jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 th{'df
#= jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 th{'dfM -!_ ;ldltn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df sf7 bfp/f ;Íng
tyf laqmL–ljt/0fsf] kl/df0f osLg u/L ;f] ;Gbe{df ul/g] cGo sfo{s|dx¿sf] ljj/0f tyf
k|:tfljt ah]6;d]t tof/ u/L jg ljefuaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ah]6 th{'df ubf{ ;ldltdf vl6Psf] sd{rf/Lsf nflu tnj eQf nufot k|zf;lgs
vr{sf nflu cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df ut cfly{s jif{sf] s"n cfosf] a9Ldf @% k|ltzt;Dd
/sd 5'§Øfpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltn] jg k}bfjf/ ;DjGwL sfo{ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ hUuf, kmlg{r/,
;jf/L;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/ vl/b ug{ / ejg h:tf sfo{x¿ ug{ jg ljefusf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lnP/ dfq vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL tyf 3f6u2L;DaGwL Joj:yf
$= s6fg d'5fg k|ls|of M -!_ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 ;ldltnfO{ Kn6 k|fKt ePkl5
;ldltn] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ cg'?k 7]Ssfk§fåf/f k|lt:kwf{
u/fO{ s6fg d'5fgsf] sfo{ ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ 5kfg, s6fg, d'5fg, nf]8, cgnf]8, 9'jfgL, rfª nufpg] sfo{sf nflu vr{sf] k|lt PsfO{
b//]6 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] b//]6 cg';f/ tf]Sg' kg{]5 .
-#_ Kn6af6 sf7 bfp/f s6fg d'5fgsf] sfo{ 7]Ssfk§faf6 x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf ;ldltsf]
lg0f{oaf6 cdfgtaf6 ;d]t u/fpg ;lsg]5 . cdfgtaf6 sfo{ u/fpbf :jLs[t lhNnf
b//]6sf] clwgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ?v s6fg u/L ;]S;g lbbf a9L sf7 pknJw x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ sf7 s6fg u/L ;s]kl5 To;af6 lg:sg] bfp/f klg lgodfg';f/ 6'qm|f kf/L r§f nufO{
/fVg' kb{5 .
-^_ s6fg If]qdf sf7 bfp/f s6fg ubf{ ;ldltn] k|fljlws sd{rf/L v6fO{ s6fg /lhi6«/
/fvL To;df hgfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .
%= 9'jfgL;DaGwL k|lqmof M-!_ s6fgIf]qaf6 3f6u2L;Dd 9'jfgL ubf{ sf7df cg';"rL–! jdf]lhdsf]
;ldlt kfl;Ë 6fFrf nufP/dfq 9'jfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sf7 bfp/fsf] 9'jfgL ubf{ tf]lsPsf] af6f]dfq k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ Kn6af6 3f6u2L;Dd sf7 bfp/f 9'jfgL ubf{ ;se/ cGo ?vlj?jfnfO{ Iflt gkg{] u/L
ug'{ kg{]5 .

70
^= 3f6u2L;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] s6fg If]qaf6 pknAw x'g] sf7 bfp/f lhNnf jg
sfof{non] tf]s]sf]] pko'Qm :yfgdf 3f6u2L ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf sf7 bfp/fsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws ¿kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;f] sf] nut
;ldltsf] sfof{nodf ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ 3f6u2Ldf uf]lnof sf7 rfª nufP/ /fVg' kg]{5 . bfp/fsf] xsdf @) lkm6 x % lkm6 x %
lkm6sf] r§f agfO{ r§f g+= Ogfd]nn] n]Vg' kg{]5 .
&= lr/fg pTkfbg M -!_ ;ldltn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] dfunfO{ dWogh/ /fvL lr/fg pTkfbg u/L
ljs||L–ljt/0f ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g ;fOhsf] uf]lnofaf6 s] slt kl/df0fsf] lr/fg sf7 pTkfbg eof] ;f] sf]
clen]v tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . ;ldltn] lr/fg pTkfbgsf nflu kfos kg]{ ;–ldnsf]
k|of]u ug{ jf l8kf]df g} lr/fg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ lr/fgaf6 pTkflbt sf7nfO{ To;sf] gfk, ;fOh / hftcg';f/ kfOlnª u/L /fVg'
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–$
sf7 bfp/f laqmL–ljt/0f k|lqmof
*= sf7 bfp/fsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] cg';"rL –@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg k|fKt
ePkl5 jg lgodfjnL, @)%! / jg k}bfjf/ -sf7 bfp/f_ ;Íng tyf laqmL–ljt/0f
lgb]{lzsf, @)%& sf] clwgdf /xL ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] 3/sfh, ljsf; lgdf{0f, b}aLk|sf]k,
s[lifcf}hf/ cflb k|of]hgsf] nflu lgw{fl/t d"Nodf b]xfPsf] kl/df0fdf ga9fO{ sf7 bfp/f pknAw
u/fpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ kSsL 3/ lgdf{0fM ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] :jLs[t
gSzfsf] cfwf/df ;fn tyf cGo hft u/L lr/fg sf7 a9Ldf !)) So"=lkm= ;Dd jf
uf]lnof sf7 !$) So"= lkm= ;Dd .
-v_ km';sf] 3/ lgdf{0fM jNnfjNnL -;fn / cGohft u/L_ @) yfg;Dd /
lr/fgsf7 ;fn / cGohft u/L @% So"= lkm= ;Dd jf uf]lnof #% So"= lkm= ;Dd /
jNnfjNnL k|of]u gu/L lr/fg sf7 dfq k|of]u ug]{ ePdf lr/fg sf7 %) So"=lkm=
;Dd jf uf]lnof &) So"= lkm= ;Dd .
-u_ 3/ dd{t ;'wf/M lr/fg sf7 @) So"= lkm= ;Dd jf uf]lnof sf7 #) So"=lkm= ;Dd .
of] k|of]hgsf] nflu Psk6s lbPkl5 % jif{;Dd lbOg]5}g .
-3_ hg;xeflutfåf/f ;~rfng ul/g] ljsf; lgdf{0fM :jLs[t nut Oli6d]6 k|fKt ePkl5
lr/fg sf7 @)) So"= lkm= ;Dd jf uf]lnof sf7 @*) So"=lkm= ;Dd .
-ª_ b}jL k|sf]kM ;fn aNnfjNnL !@ yfg jf ;fn / cGo hft u/L lr/fg sf7 @) So"=
lkm= ;Dd jf uf]lnof sf7 #) So"= lkm= ;Dd -uf]nfO $ lkm6;Ddsf]_ .
71
 -r_ s[lif cf}hf/ -xnf], h'jf, x+]uf_M a9Ldf & So"= lkm= ;Dd uf]lnof sf7 -uf]nfO{ $
lkm6;Dd_ .
-5_ bfp/fM -c_ bfx;+:sf/ – tf}nsf] cfwf/df ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kl/df0f .
-cf_ 3/sfh– k6s k6s u/L Ps jif{df Ps 3/w'/LnfO{ cfotgsf cfwf/df !
r§f ;Dd
-O_ wfld{s sfo{– ;ldltn] cfjZostf x]/L tf]s]adf]lhdsf] kl/df0f .
-h_ sf7 bfp/fsf] k|of]uM h'g sfo{sf] nflu sf7 bfp/f k|fKt ul/Psf] xf] ;f]xL sfo{sf]
nflu k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} o;/L k|fKt u/]sf] sf7 bfp/f lhNNff jflx/ n}hfg kfOg]
5}g .
-@_ sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL d"NoM– s6fg, d'5fg, nf]8, cgnf]8, tyf 3f6u4L;Ddsf] 9'jfgL
vr{, cf]e/x]8 vr{, Eof6, d'gfkmf tyf ahf/efp;d]tnfO{ larf/ u/L ;ldltn]
tf]Sg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltn] ug{] sf7 bfp/fsf] laqmL–ljt/0f sfo{ ;ldltsf] l8kf] dfkm{t ug]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltn] laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ uf]lnof sf7 jf lr/fgdf cg';"rL— # adf]lhdsf] 6fFrf
nufpFg]5 .
-%_ ;ldltaf6 laqmL ul/Psf] uf]lnof sf7 jf lr/fgsf] qmdzM cg';"rL–$ / % adf]lhdsf]
5f]8k"hL{ / rnfg kq lbg' kg]{5 .
(= jg k}bfjf/ p7fO{ n}hfg] Dofb M -!_ ;ldltn] pkef]QmfnfO{ j9Ldf !% lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ l8kf]
jf6 sf7 bfp/f p7fO{ n}hfg] Dofb lbg]5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq p7fO{ nfg g;s]df dgfl;j
sf/0f;lxt Dofb e'QmfgL ePsf] & lbg leqdf ;ldlt ;dIf Dofbyksf] nflu lgj]bg lbPdf /
b]vfOPsf] sf/0f dgfl;j nfu]df ;ldltn] a9Ldf & lbgsf] Dofbyk ug{ ;Sg]]5 .
-@_ ;ldltaf6 laqmL ePsf] sf7df cg';"rL— # adf]lhdsf]] 6fFrf k|of]u u/L 5f]8k"hL{ ;d]t
eO{;s]kl5 pQm jg k}bfjf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt pkef]Qmfsf] g} x'g]5 . s'g}
sf/0fn] gfl;Pdf jf x/fPdf ;ldlt hjfkmb]xL x'g]5}g .
!)= ljs|L x'g g;sL afFsL/x]sf sf7sf] Joj:yfM ;ldltn] bkmf * adf]lhd ljs|L ljt/0f x'g
g;s]sf] sf7 bfp/f lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ jg
k}bfjf/ lnnfd ljs|L sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^) adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L
laqmL ubf{ b}aLk|sf]k tyf s[lifcf}hf/sf] nflu laqmL ug{ to u/]sf] ;DalGwt l8kf]sf] d"NonfO{
g} Go"gtd d"No dflgg]5 . o:tf] sf7sf] /fhZj b}jL k|sf]ksf] nflu lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /fhZj b/
cg';f/ lhNnf jg sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
!!= ljs|L ljt/0fsf] nut /fVg] M ;ldltn] ljleGg l8kf]af6 ljs|L ljt/0f ePsf] sf7
bfp/fsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] nut dfl;s?kdf tof/ u/L ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no / If]qLo
jg lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

72
 kl/R5]b–%
n]vf tyf n]vfk/LIf0f
!@= ;ldltsf] sf]ifM -!_ ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo jdf]lhd k|fKt /sd /xg]5 M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgsf;f /sd,
-v_ jg k}bfjf/ laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd,
-u_ 6]08/ kmf/fd laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd,
-3_ cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt /sd .
-@_ sf7 bfp/f pTkfbg, ;Íng, 3f6u2L tyf ljs|L–ljt/0f h:tf :jLs[t sfo{s|dx¿df
vr{ ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 /sd dfu ePdf ;ldltaf6 cg'df]bg u/fO{ ljefunfO{
hfgsf/L u/fPdf sf]ifsf] /sd ;fk6L lbg ;lsg]5 . ;dodf sf7 bfp/f ljs||L–ljt/0f
u/L pQm /sd ;f]wegf{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] x'g]5 .
!#= vftf ;~rfng / n]vf /fVg]M -!_ ;ldltsf] ;b:o–;lrj / lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 vl6Psf
n]vfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 ;DjlGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf]
l;kmfl/zdf j}+sdf vftf vf]nL ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] cfoJoosf] n]vf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt n]vf k|0ffnL cg';f/ /fVg'
kg]{5 . o;sf] cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L dfl;s / jflif{s?kdf ;DjlGwt sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{no, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!$= lhG;Ln]vfM ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfof{no ;~rfngsf] nflu lhG;L ;fdfgsf] cfDbfgL vr{ ubf{
:jLs[t d=n]=k= kmf/dx¿sf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%= n]vfk/LIf0fM -!_ ;ldltsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f lhNnf l:yt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{noaf6 / clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefuaf6 ul/g]5 .
-@_ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h'x¿ km5\\of}{6 u/fpg] bfloTj ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o–
;lrjsf] x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–^
ljljw
!^= hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfM jg lgodfjnL, @)%! tyf o; lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd l8kf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu
;ldltn] lhNnf jg sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|rlnt P]g lgod ljkl/t gx'g] u/L s/f/ ;]jf
lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&= l8kf] :yfkgf ug]{ M -!_ ;ldltn] laqmL–ljt/0f ug{] sf7 bfp/fsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu
cfjZostfg';f/ l8kf]sf] :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

73
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yflkt l8kf]sf] Joj:yfkg lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 vl6Psf
sd{rf/Laf6 x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] sfddf vl6Psf lhNnf jg sfof{nosf sd{rf/Ln] ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf]
eQf kfpg]5g\ .
!*= sf7 bfp/f ;Íng tyf ljqmL ljt/0fM ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sf7 bfp/f laqmL–
ljt/0f ug{sf nflu ;ldltsf] sfd, stJ{o / clwsf/ b]xfPadf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ sf7 bfp/fsf] dfusf] clen]v /fVg] .
-v_ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 pknJw u/fOPsf Kn6x¿af6 ;ldlt cfkm}n] jf
cfˆg]f lhDd]jf/Ldf 7]Ssfk§fjf6 sf7 bfp/f ;Íng u/L tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf 3f6u2L
ug{] u/fpg] .
-u_ sf7 bfp/fsf] d"No lgwf{/0f / ljs|L–ljt/0f ug]{ .
-3_ ;ldltaf6 laleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu laqmLlat/0f ePsf] sf7 bfp/f pko'Qm
k|of]hgdf pkof]u u/] gu/]sf] cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-ª_ ;ldltsf] sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] nflu ;'ljwf tf]Sg] .
-r_ l8kf] ;~rfngsf] k|ls|of lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
!(= cGoM -!_ sfof{no ;doeGbf cl3 jf kl5 j}7sa:bf ;ldltsf ;b:onfO{ k|lt j}7s k|lt JolQm
?= %)).– j}7s eQf lbOg]5 .
-@_ ;ldlt lj36g ePdf ;f] sf] rn crn ;Dklt Pj+ bfloTj lhNnf jg sfo{fnodf
;g]{5 .
-#_ jg If]qaf6 x'g] jg k}bfjf/sf] rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f, cltqmd0f /f]syfd / a[Iff/f]k0f
h:tf ljsf; sfo{x¿sf nflu ;ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6 jg ljefusf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|rlnt
lgod cg';f/ sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;ldltn] sf7 bfp/fsf] hlt{ s6fg ;DaGwdf :jLs[t gd{;\nfO{ g} k|of]u u/L] ug{'
kg]{5 .
-%_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt s'/fsf xsdf o;} adf]lhd / cGo s'/fsf xsdf jg P]g,
@)$(, jg lgodfjnL, @)%! / cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . o; lgb]{lzsfdf
pNn]lvt s'g} k|fjwfgsf] JofVofsf ;DjGwdf s'g} ljjfbk/]df g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf
e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] JofVof clGtd x'g]5 .
-^_ jg ljefun] ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf ePsf] /sd jg clts|d0f /f]Sg, x6fpg / jg ljsf;
tyf Joj:yfkg h:tf sfo{ ug{ k|fyldstf lbO{ k|rlnt P]g lgod ljkl/t gx'g] u/L
cfjZostfg';f/ ;DalGwt ;ldlt;+u ;dGjo u/L cGo lhNnfsf cfk"lt{ ;ldltdf k7fpg
;Sg]5 .
-&_ ;ldltaf6 laqmL–ljt/0f ul/Psf] sf7 bfp/f b'?kof]u gxf];\ eGgfsf nflu ;ldltn]
clgjfo{ ¿kdf lgoldt cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df laqmL–ljt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ kl/dfh{g
ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{5 . pQm sfo{x?sf] ;DjlGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnoaf6 cg'udg tyf
d"NofFsg u/L rf}dfl;s ?kdf Psd'i6 k|ltj]bg jg ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ sf7 bfp/fsf] ljs|L ljt/0f sfo{df s'g} l4ljwf ePdf jg k}bfjf/ -sf7÷bfp/f_ ;Íng
tyf ljs|L ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)%& adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .

74
 cg';"rL–!
-bkmf %-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] kfl;Ë 6fFrf

cf= ;=
kfl;Ë
=========, lhNnf

75
 cg';"rL–@
-bkmf *-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lgj]bgsf] gd"gf
ldltM

>Ldfg\ ;b:o ;lrjHo",

lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt, ==================lhNnf .

laifoM sf7 bfp/f kfpF eGg] af/] .

dxf]bo,
dnfO{ gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ug{÷dd{t ug{÷xnf], h'jf tyf cGo s[lif cf}hf/ agfpg Pj+ bfx;+:sf/÷3/
sfh÷wfld{s sfo{sf nflu sf7 bfp/f cfjZos ePsf]n] tFxf ;ldltåf/f ;x'lnot b/df k|bfg
ug]{ sf7 bfp/f ;ldltsf] lgodfg';f/ pknAw u/fOlbg'x'g ?= %.– sf] l6s6 6fF;L of] lgj]bg k]z
u/]sf] 5' .
lgj]bs

lgj]bgdf ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ sfuhftx¿

3/ lgdf{0f k|of]hgsf] nflu
!= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnlk
@= hUuf wgL k|df0f k"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk
#= xfn;fn} lt/f] lt/]sf] /l;bsf] k|ltlnlk
$= uf= la= ;=÷ gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/z
%= gu/kflnsf If]q leq 3/ lgdf{0f÷dd{t ug]{ ePdf kfz ePsf] gSzfsf] k|ltlnlk
b}aLk|sf]k k|of]hgsf] nflu
lhNnf b}aLk|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z
ljsf; lgd{f0f k|of]hgsf] nflu
!= lh=lj=;=sf] l;kmfl/z
@= la:t[t nut Oli6d]6
#= lgj]bg
s[lif cf}hf/ k|of]hgsf] nflu
!= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk
@= uf= lj= ;=÷gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/;
bfx;+:sf/÷3/sfh÷wfld{s sfo{
!= g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
@ uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=sf] l;kmfl/z

76
 cg';"rL–#
-bkmf *-$_ / (-@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] laqmL 6fFrf

cf= ;=
laqmL
======, lhNnf

77
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf *-%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt,========lhNnf
kq ;+Vof
rnfgL ldlt
ljifoM sf7 bfp/fsf] 5f]8k"lh{ jf/] .
>L ===========================
>L ==========================
>L ==========================
>L ==========================
>L ==========================
>L ================== uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= ========= .

lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== sf] ldlt ===================== sf] 5f]8k"lh{ g+= ============== cg';f/ tklzn
adf]lhdsf] sf7sf] d"No gubL /l;b g+= ========÷ef}r/ g+= ========== af6 ?= ================ k|fKt e};s]sf] x'Fbf
cfhsf] ldltn] ============= lbgleq ;f] sf7 p7fO{ n}hfg' xf]nf . Dofbleq sf7 p7fO{ gnuL lxgfldgf ePdf
;ldlt lhDd]jf/ gx'g] tyf tf]lsPsf] k|of]hg / :yfgdf gnuL clgoldt ePu/]df sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL
x'g] Joxf]/f;d]t ;"lrt ul/G5 .

tkl;n

l;=g= hft yfg kl/df0f k|of]hg O=j=sf= /]=kf]= 6fFrf 3f6u2L s}lkmot
So"= kmL= jg ;ldlt :yfg
ladfsf{ adf]lhdsf]
uf]lnofsf] gfkL nut
o;};fy ;+nUg 5 .

jf]wfy{M
>L lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== .
>L ================ O{=j=sf=M sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df nf]8 u/fO{ b/lk7 u/L k7fpg' x'g .
>L =================== /]=kf]= .
>L =================== uf=lj=;= ========= .
>L====================== .

78
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf *-%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt
============= lhNnf

sf7÷bfp/f rnfgL k"hL{

rnfgL g+= 9'jfgL stf{M

ldlt ================= yfg ========================== ;jf/L ;fwg============================= hft ====================

5f]8k"lh{ g+ =============== hfg] :yfg ================== .

nut hft af]qmf afx]s nDafO{ df]6fO{ wf]bs§L sf7 s}lkmot

g+= uf]nfO{ So"=kmL=
;fO{h So"= kmL=

o;df pNn]lvt j=lj= ========================== laqmL eGg] / cf= ;= ljqmL eGg] 6fFrf nfu]sf] sf7
========================== k|of]hgsf] nflu ;x'lnot b/df kfPsf] x'Fbf cfhsf ldltn] ==================== lbg leq
p7fO{ tf]lsPsf] k|of]hgdf nufO{g] 5 . cGoyf k|rlnt P]g lgodfg';f/ sf/jfxL ;xg a'emfpg tof/ 5' .

pkef]Qmfsf] ;xL 5fk M b:tvt M

bfofF jfofF

79
 cg';"rL–^
-bkmf @-em_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] 5fk
-gd'gf_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt, =======lhNnf
@)%^

80
jg ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw lgb]l{ zsf, @)^$

:jLs[t ldltM @)^$.!!.!%

k|:tfjgfM jgsf] ljsf; u/L :j:y jftfj/0f k|a4{g ug{sf nflu cf= j= )^$.^% sf] ah]6
jStJodf JoQm k|lta4tf adf]lhd jg k}bfjf/ Joj;foLn] sf7 vl/b ubf{ k|rlnt d"Nodf
ltg'{ kg]{ /fhZjdf ug]{ yk of]ubfg / ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 hDdf ul/g] Tolt g} /sd hDdf
u/L jg ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug{sf nflu jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] jg
lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ kf/]sf]]
5.
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æjg ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng
sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^$Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf @)^$.$.! b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,–
-s_ ælhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifÆ eGgfn] bkmf $ sf] v08 -s_ jdf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf]
sf]ifnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ æs]Gb|Lo jg ljsf; sf]ifÆ eGgfn] bkmf $ sf] v08 -v_ jdf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf]
sf]ifnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] bkmf $ jdf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]if jf
s]Gb|Lo jg ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf ^ jdf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-ª_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] sf]ifsf] cWoIfnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-r_ æ;b:o / ;b:o ;lrjÆ eGgfn] sf]ifsf] ;b:onfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ ælgb]{zg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf (-@_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-`_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
#= sf]ifsf] nIo / p2]ZoM -!_ sf]ifsf nIox? b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g M
-s_ ;du| jg If]qdf Jofks ?kdf j[Iff/f]k0f tyf jgsf] Joj:yfkg u/L jg ;Dkbfsf]
;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / ;b'kof]u ub{} hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg lbuf] ?kdf
cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf :yfgLo :t/jf6 g} ug{ ;lsg] pko'Qm k4ltsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
-v_ jg Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL ljleGg cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{ .

81
 -@_ sf]ifsf p2]Zox? b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf 5gM–
-s_ ;3g ?kdf j[Iff/f]k0fsf nflu g;{/L :yfkgf u/L lgMz'Ns ?kdf lj?jf ljt/0f ug]{
/ /f]lkPsf lj?jfsf] :ofxf/ / ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-v_ sfi7 k}bfjf/sf] ;/n tyf lbuf] cfk"lt{ ug{sf nflu cfjZos k"FhL / k|ljlwsf]
Joj:yf ug]{,
-u_ lgoldt ?kdf sf7 pTkfbg ug{sf nflu cfjZos cWoog cg';Gwfg / ahf/sf]
vf]hL tyf ljZn]if0f u/L sf7 pTkfbgnfO{ jl9 d'gfkmfbfoL Joj;fosf ?kdf ljsf;
ug]{ .
-#_ sf]ifsf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu b]xfosf /0fgLltx? cjnDjg ul/g]5g\M–
-s_ g;{/L Joj:yfkg, j[Iff/f]k0f, lj?jfsf] :ofxf/ ;Def/ nufotsf jg Joj:yfkgsf
;j} kIfdf ;/n, :ki6 / kf/bzL{ sfo{ k|0ffnL cjnDjg ug]{,
-v_ jg P]g, @)$( tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% cGtu{tsf ;+:yfut tyf
k|lqmofut Joj:yfnfO{ sf]if ;~rfng k|lqmofdf ;/nLs/0f ug]{,
-3_ sf]if ;~rfng k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dGjofTds ?kdf sfo{
;~rfng ug]{,
-ª_ sf]if ;~rfng k|lqmofnfO{ ;/n jgfO{ nufgLsf ;j{;Ddt gLlt th'{df ug]{,
-r_ ul/jL Go"lgs/0f ug]{ sfo{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] .
$= sf]ifsf] :yfkgfM :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo txdf b]xfo adf]lhd sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5M–
-s_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]if
-v_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]if
%= lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf M -!_ k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]if gfdsf] Ps
sf]if :yfkgf x'g]5 .
-@_ sf]ifsf] ;a} sfd sf/jfxLsf] lgldQ cfk\mgf] Pp6f 5'§} 5fk x'g]5 .
-#_ sf]ifn] JolQm;/x rn crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{, pkef]u ug{, a]rlavg ug{ jf cGo
lsl;dn] jGbf]j:t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ sf]ifn] JolQm;/x gfln; ph'/ ug{ / sf]if pk/ klg ;f]xL gfdaf6 gfln; ph'/
nfUg]5 .
^= lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ sf]ifsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfO{sf]
;~rfng tyf /]vb]v ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .
-s_ lhNnf jg clws[t – cWoIf
-v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf clws[t k|ltlglw –;b:o
-u_ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-3_ g]kfn jg k}bfjf/ pBf]u Joj;foL dxf;+3sf] lhNnfl:yt k|ltlglw –;b:o
-8=_ ;xfos jg clws[t jf ;xfos jg clws[t gePsf]
lhNnfdf /]~h/ – ;b:o ;lrj
82
-@_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;|f]taf6 /sd k|fKt x'g]5M–
-s_ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg, ;fd'bflos jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, ;+/lIft If]q jg, jg
k}bfjf/ lasf; ;ldlt / l6= l;= Pg= af6 Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu laqmL ePsf]
sf7sf xsdf Joj;foLaf6 k|lt So'= lkm6 ? %. sf b/n] / Toltg} dfqfdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] /sd,
-v_ lghL jgsf] xsdf Joj;foLjf6 k|lt So"=lkm= ?= %.– sf b/n] k|fKt x'g]
/sd .
-u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd,
-3_ bft[ lgsfo tyf ;+:yfx?jf6 k|fKt x'g] gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg÷ ;xof]u .
t/ ljb]zL bft[ lgsfojf6 gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg÷;xof]u k|fKt ug'{ k"j{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] /sd Joj;foLn] j'emfPsf] /fh:jjf6 klxn]
sf]ifsf] /sd hDdf u/L afFsL /sd dfq /fhZjdf ;b/:ofxf ug]{ .
-$_ sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] /sd g]kfn leqsf] s'g} jfl0fHo a}+sdf vftf vf]nL hDdf ul/g] 5 /
vftfsf] ;~rfng ;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ ;ldltsf cWoIf, ;b:o jf cGo kbflwsf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? g]kfn
;/sf/sf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]if ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] sfo{ljlw b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ cWoIfsf] lgb]{zgdf ;b:o ;lrjn] ldlt, :yfg / ;do tf]sL a}7s af]nfpg] 5 .
a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfaf6 x'g]5 / cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]
5fg]sf] s'g} ;b:on] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-v_ a}7s a:g] ;"rgf a}7s a:g'eGbf & -;ft _ lbg cufj} lbg' kg]{5 .
-u_ ax'dt ;b:osf] pkl:ylt ePdf a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"/s ;+Vof dflgg]5 .
-3_ a}7sdf ax'dtsf] /fo dfGo x'g]5 / dt j/fj/ ePdf a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn]
lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
-ª_ ;ldltsf] a}7s slDtdf klg aif{sf] tLgk6s a:g]5 .
-r_ a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;b:o ;lrjåf/f k|dfl0ft ul/g]5 .
-5_ o; bkmfdf n]]lvP afx]s a}7sdf ckgfOg] sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfk}+mn] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]
5.
-&_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ jg k}bfjf/ Joj;foL / ;/sf/af6 /sd k|fKt ug]{ .
-v_ lhNnf l:yt ;+3, ;+:yf tyf cGo If]qaf6 gubL, lhG;L jf cGo lsl;dsf] ;xfotf
k|fKt ug]{ .
-u_ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf;Fu ;DalGwt lhNnf l:yt ;+3 ;+:yf;Fu ;Dks{ / ;dGjo
ug]{ .
83
 -3_ sfi7 k}bfjf/sf] lbuf] sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 cfk"lt{sf nflu tyf cGo jg
k}bfjf/sf] lgoldt pTkfbg tyf ;dli6ut jg ljsf; Pj+ Joj:yfkg sfo{df nufgL
ug]{,
-8=_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifdf k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] @%Ü /sd s]lGb|o jg ljsf;
sf]ifdf k7fpg] .
-r_ j[Iff/f]k0f, jg ;Da4{g / jg ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{, nfut
cg'dfg :jLs[t ug]{, sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] sfo{
ug]{ .
-5_ jg If]q jflx/ j[Iff/f]k0f u/L xl/ofnL sfod ug{ JolQm / ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{
k|f]T;fxg x'g] sfo{ ug]{ .
-h_ jg Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] tyf jg / jftfj/0fsf] dxTj jf/] hgr]tgf,
cg';Gwfg / k|bz{gL h:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
-`_ sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ubf{ sf]ifn] vr{ ug{ kfpg] /sddWo] @) k|ltzt lj?jf
pTkfbgdf, #) k|ltzt j[Iff/f]k0f tyf ;f]sf] ;+/If0fdf / afFsL /sd jg
k}bfjf/ ;Íng / jg ;+/If0f / ljsf; ;DaGwL cfslids ?kdf e}kl/ cfpg] sfo{df
pkof]u ug]{ .
-6_ k|fKt cfDbfgL, vr{ / sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg jg ljefudf k]z ug]{ .
-7_ sf]ifsf] lxtsf nflu cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{ .
&= n]vf / n]vf k/LIf0f M -!_ sf]ifsf] cfo–Joosf] n]vf k|rlnt ;/sf/L n]vf k|0ffnL cg';f/
/flvg]5 . sf]ifsf] ;~rfng ;b:o ;lrj / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf n]vfkfnjf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ sf]ifsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nojf6 / clGtd
n]vf k/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{nojf6 ul/g]5 .
*= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M ;ldltn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ cWoIf, ;b:o, pk;ldlt jf sf]ifsf] s'g}
kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(= s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;|f]t / ;~rfng M -!_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]ifdf b]xfosf] /sd
hDdf x'g]5 M–
-s_ ljleGg lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifjf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
-v_ bft[ lgsfo tyf cGo ;+:yfx?jf6 k|fKt x'g] gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg÷
;xof]u . t/ ljb]zL bft[ lgsfojf6 gub tyf j:t'ut cg'bfg÷;xof]u k|fKt ug'{ k"j{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]5
{ .
-u_ :jR5 ljsf; ;+oGq -l; l8 Pd_ jf6 k|fKt /sd .
-3_ cGo ;xof]u .
-@_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] /sd g]kfn leqsf] s'g} jfl0fHo a}+sdf vftf
vf]nL hDdf ul/g]5 / vftfsf] ;~rfng lgb]{zg ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .

84
 -#_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ubf{ o; lgb]{lzsfsf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf nflu
lgb]{zg ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L tf]s] adf]lhdsf sfo{x? ug{df pkof]u ul/g]5 .
-$_ s]Gb|Lo jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;~rfng / ;fdfGo /]vb]vsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps
lgb]{zg ;ldlt /xg]5M–
-s_ dxflgb]{zs, jg ljefu — cWoIf
-v_ dxflgb]{zs,/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu — ;b:o
-u_ dxfk|jGws, lb l6Dj/ skf]{/]zg ckm g]kfn ln= — ;b:o
-3_ cWoIf, jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldlt — ;b:o
-ª_ k|d'v n]vf lgoGqs, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno — ;b:o
-r_ k|ltlglw, g]kfn jg k}bfjf/ pBf]u Joj;foL dxf;+3, —;b:o
-5_ jg k}bfjf/ clws[t, jg ljefu —;b:o–;lrj
-%_ ;ldltsf cWoIf, ;b:o jf cGo kbflwsf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ sf7sf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
-v_ Joj;flos ?kdf sf7 pTkfbg x'g] lj?jfx?sf] ljsf; / 5gf}6sf nflu ljleGg
;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo u/L cg';Gwfg ug]{ u/fpg] .
-u_ lghL tyf ;/sf/L j[Iff/f]k0f If]qx?nfO{ :jR5 ljsfz ;+oGqdf btf{ u/fpg ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] / To;jf6 k|fKt x'g] /sdjf6 lj?jf pTkfbg u/L k'gM j[Iff/f]k0f tyf jg
Joj:yfkgdf Jofkstf Nofpg] .
-3_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifjf6 k|fKt /sdnfO{ cGo lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifdf sfo{qmdsf]
k|fyldstf x]/L k'g{ljt/0f ug]{ .
-ª_ s]lGb|o jg ljsf; sf]if lgb]{zg ;ldltn] lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ j[Iff/f]k0f, jg
;Dj4{g / jg ljsf;sf sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5
/ To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!)= n]vf / n]vf k/LIf0fM -!_ sf]ifsf] cfo–Joosf] n]vf k|rlnt ;/sf/L n]vf k|0ffnL cg';f/
/flvg]5 . sf]ifsf] ;~rfng ;b:o ;lrj / jg ljefusf n]vf clws[tjf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ sf]ifsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 x'g]5 /
dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd n]vf k/LIf0f x'g]5 .
!!= lg/LIf0f ug]{ clwsf/M dGqfno jf jg ljefun] sf]ifsf] lx;fj lstfj ;DaGwL sfuhft / c?
gubL lhG;L ;d]t h'g;'s} avt hf+r u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf]
kfngf ug'{ ;+alGwt ;j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!!= arfpM o; lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvP hlt o;} lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd gn]lvPsf]df k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@= JofVof ug]{ clwsf/M o; lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf] s'g}klg s'/fdf ljjfb k/]]df ;f] sf] JofVof ug]{
clGtd clwsf/ dGqfnonfO{ x'g]5 .

85
 vf]6f] ;°ng -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^$

:jLs[t ldltM @)^$.)%.@&

k|:tfjgf

g]kfnsf] jg If]qleq kfO{g] ;Nnf hftsf ?vx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg u/L vf]6f] ;Íng;DaGwL sfd
sf/jfxLnfO{ ;/n, ;xh, Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{ tyf pQ/bfoL agfO{ o;sf] ;b'kof]unfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{
p2]Zon] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf
e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] of] sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ævf]6f] ;Íng -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^$Æ
/x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M laifo jf k|;Fun] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,–
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-3_ æ;NnfÆ eGgfn] jg If]qdf kfO{g] vf]6];Nnf (Pinus roxburghii), kf6];Nnf (Pinus
patula) / uf]a|];Nnf (Pinus wallichiana) nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .

-ª_ ævf]6f]Æ eGgfn] v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;Nnfsf] vf]6f] (pine resin) ;Demg' kb{5 .
-r_ æIf]qÆ eGgfn] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ p2]Zon] lhNnf jg sfof{non] vf]6f] ;Íng ug{
of]Uo ?vx?df gDjl/Ë u/L :ki6;Fu rf/ lsNnf tf]sL 5'6\ofPsf] jg If]qnfO{
;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æs'kÆ eGgfn] If]q cGtu{t vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ p2]Zon] vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ of]Uo
ePsf ;/b/ !),))) j6f ?vx? ePsf] :ki6;Fu rf/ lsNnf tf]sL 5'6\ofPsf] jg
If]qnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . t/ o; zAbn] s'g} jg If]qdf sDtLdf !,))) j6f;Dd vf]6f]
;Íng ug{ of]Uo ?vx? ePdf 5'§} s'ksf] gfdfs/0f ug{ afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

86
-h_ æ;as'kÆ eGgfn] s'k cGtu{t aflif{s sfo{ ;~rfng tyf Pshgf sfdbf/sf] sfo{
If]qsf] O{sfOsf] lx;fjn] vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] u/L vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ of]Uo
ePsf ;/b/ %)) b]lv !,%)) j6f ;Dd ?vx? ePsf] :ki6;Fu rf/ lsNnf tf]sL
5'6\ofPsf] jg If]qnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ ævf]6f] ;Íng ug{ of]Uo ?vÆ eGgfn] hdLgsf] ;txaf6 ! ld6/ #) ;]= dL= -5fltsf]
prfO{_ df slDtdf #) ;]=dL= jf ;f] eGbf a9L Jof; ePsf ;Nnfsf] ?vnfO{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-`_ æl/n k|ljlwÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] kl/R5]b–$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] vf]6f]
lgsfNg] tl/sfnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ æpBf]uÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf e"—;+/If0f dGqfnosf] lg0f{o
adf]lhd vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ Ohfht kfO{ ;f]xL cg'?k jg ljefu;Fu s/f/gfdf
u/]sf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd vf]6f] k|zf]wg ug{ :yflkt pBf]unfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 /
;f] zAbn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd jg If]qaf6 vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf
/f]lhg P08 6k]{G6fOg pBf]unfO{ ;d]t hgfpFb5 .
-7_ ævf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfoÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 tf]lsPsf] jg If]qdf vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf ;+3÷;+:yf
;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] To; k|sf/sf] Ohfht k|fKt ug]{ pBf]unfO{ ;d]t hgfpFg] 5 .
-8_ æsfdbf/Æ eGgfn] pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfoaf6 l/n lgdf{0f ug{, vf]6f]
;ÍngPj+ 9'jfgL ug{, jg h+un nufot l8kf] tyf 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] vf]6f]
;+/If0f ug{ v6fO{Psf JolStx?nfO{ hgfpFg]5 .
-9_ æ;'k/efO{h/Æ eGgfn] sfdbf/x?sf] sfdsf] lgl/If0f ug{ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{
lgsfoaf6 v6fO{Psf] JolSt jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-0f_ æclej[l4 j[Iff/f]k0f (Enrichment Plantation)Æ eGgfn] cf+lzs ?kdf ?v lj?jfn]
9fs]sf] jLr jLrdf /x]sf] vfnL 7fpFdf ul/g] j[Iff/f]k0fnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-t_ æ3f6u2LÆ eGgfn] ;ÍngePsf] vf]6f]nfO{ ljs|L ljt/0f, cf];f/ k;f/ jf cGo tj/n]
xs x:tfGt/0f geP;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]s]sf] 7fpFnfO{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-y_ æcg'udgÆ eGgfn] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]qdf vf]6f] ;Íng eO{/x]sf] ;dodf jf ;Íng
sfo{ ;DkGg eP kZrft\ tt\ ;DaGwL eP u/]sf sfo{x?nfO{ tyf :jLs[t of]hgf
adf]lhd sfo{ 7Ls t/Lsfn] eP gePsf] ljifodf :ynut ?kdf uO{ cWoog tyf
lg/LIf0f ug]{ / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-b_ æjflif{s cg'udgÆ eGgfn] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ sfd ug{ kfPsf] jgdf vf]6f] ;Íng
tyf 3f6u2L / 5f]8k"hL{ cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no /
pBf]un] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf ;DalGwt If]lqo jg lgb]{zs jf lghn]

87
 v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ l;hg jf ofd ;dfKt ePkl5 x/]s jif{ ug]{
:ynut cg'udgnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-w_ æclGtd hfFrÆ eGgfn] pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ sfd
ug{ Ohfht kfPsf] jgdf vf]6f] ;Íng tyf 3f6u2L, 5f]8k"hL{ cflb ;d]tsf ;Dk"0f{
sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no / pBf]un] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf
;DalGwt If]lqo jg lgb]{zs jf lghn] v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{
s/f/gfdf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 vf]6f]
;Íng ug]{ sfo{ 5f]8\g' kg]{ ePdf ;f] avt u/]sf] hfFrnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-g_ æl8kf]Æ eGgfn] ;+slnt vf]6f] ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]lslbPsf]
:yfg ;Demg' kb{5 .
-k_ æ;j]{If0f Pj+ cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfoÆ eGgfn] jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefunfO{
;Demg' kb{5 . ;f] zAbn] jg tyf e"—;+/If0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf jg ljefu, jg:klt
ljefu jf h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDkgL / tt\ ;DaGwL ljifodf cWoog,
cg';Gwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf kfPsf] ;+3÷;+:yf tyf Ohfht k|fKt
ug]{ JolSt ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .

kl/R5]b–@
vf]6f]sf] ;|f]t ;j]{If0f tyf If]q 5gf}6 ;DjGwL Aoj:yf

#= vf]6f]sf] ;|f]t ;j]]{If0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e't tYofÍ ;Íng ug'{kg]{ M -!_ jg cg';Gwfg tyf
;j]{If0f ljefun] tf]s]sf] ljlw cg';f/ ;Nnfsf] ;|f]t ;j]{If0f cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfo cfkm}+n] jf
o:tf] sfo{ ug{ dfGotf k|fKt lgsfo, JolSt jf ;+:yfaf6 tYofÍ ;Íng ug'{ kg]]{5 .
-@_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ;DkGg ubf{ k|rlnt gd{; adf]lhd x'g] ;Dk"0f{ vr{
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] cfˆgf] nufgLdf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ :ynut ?kdf vl6Psf] ;|f]t ;j]{If0f 6f]nLn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg sfof{no;Fu
clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dGjo ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ :ynut ?kdf uO{ gfk lnO{Psf gd"gf Kn6x? (Sample plots) sf] k'gM lg/LIf0f, ;j]{If0f
ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] ;se/ lkmN8 tyf /]s8{df cflwsf/Ls / e/kbf]{ u/L ;'/lIft
/fVg' kg]{5 .
$= tYofÍ ljZn]if0f tyf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ M -!_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df ;du| ;Nnfsf
?vx¿sf] cf};t ;fOh (Average Stand Size) / cf};t 5q–3gTj (Average Crown Density or
Closure) klxrfg u/L ltgsf] cfwf/df ;Nnfsf jgnfO{ juL{s/0f ug'{ kg]{5 / oL If]qsf] gS;f
;lxt rf/ lsNnf :ki6;Fu olsg ug'{ kg]{5 . o; vfnsf] ljj/0f If]q tyf s'ksf] lx;fjn]
pSt If]qx?sf] gfdfs/0f ;d]t :ki6;Fu pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

88
 -@_] ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍsf] cfwf/df x/]s s'ksf] 5'§f 5§} lx;fa u/L lbuf]?kdf pknAw
x'g;Sg] vf]6f]sf] jflif{s kl/df0f :ki6;Fu v'Ng] u/L ;|f]t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] k|ltj]bg pk/ jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefuaf6 ;f]
k|ltj]bgsf] k|fljlws?kn] u'0f:t/ kl/If0f u/L pko'St b]lvPdf ;f] ljefusf] l;kmfl/;df
jg ljefun] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
%= If]q 5gf}6 tyf jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ M -!_ bkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof
k"/f e} ;s]kl5 ;Nnfsf] vf]6f] lbuf] ?kdf ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0fnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ /fvL
vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]q lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] If]qnfO{ jg sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] k|fjwfg
adf]lhdsf] k|ls|of k"/f u/L jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 :jLs[t jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljlw
cg';f/ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]qsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–#
s'k lgdf{0f tyf tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf

^= ?v u0fgf tyf s'k lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ sfo{ ul/;s]
kl5 ;f] If]qdf ePsf vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ of]Uo ?vx?sf] ;+Vof u0fgf u/L olsg ug'{kg]{
5.
-@_ Pp6} jg If]qdf #),))) eGbf a9L vf]6f] lgsfNg ;lsg] of]Uo ?vx? ePdf
sfdbf/x?nfO{ lg/LIf0f tyf clen]v /fVg ;lhnf] x'g] u/L jgsf] k|s[lt x]/L ;/b/
!),))) ;Dd ?vx? kg]{ u/L ;f] If]qnfO{ s'kdf ljefhg ug'{ kg]5
{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} If]qdf !),))) eGbf sd ?vx?
ePsf] cj:yfdf Pp6} s'k dfGg s'g} afwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ ?v u0fgf (Enumeration), s'k ljefhg tyf ?v gDal/Ë ug]{ sfo{ pBf]u jf vf]6f]
;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] cfˆg} nufgLdf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ s'k ljefhg sfo{ ;DkGg e};s]kl5 aflif{s sfo{ ;~rfng tyf Pshgf sfdbf/sf] sfo{ If]
qsf] O{sfOsf] lx;fjn] s'knfO{ ;as'kdf ljefhg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;as'k agfpFbf k|lt
;as'kdf %))—!,%)) ;Dd ?vx? kg]{ u/L 5'§ØfP/ pBf]u jf lgsfo4f/f l/n agfpg,
;Íng sfo{ ug{ Pshgf s"k sfdbf/ lgo'Qm u/L lhDdf nufpg' kg]{5 .

89
 -^_ ?v–u0fgf / s'k lgdf{0f sfo{ vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ z'? ug'{ k"j{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ?v–u0fgf / s'k lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;s]kl5 pBf]un] cg';"rL—! adf]lhdsf]
?v u0fgfsf] /lhi6/ v8f u/L clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f] clen]vsf] Electronic
copy jg ljefu, ;DalGwt If]lqo jg lgb]{zgfno / lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{
;d]t pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ u0fgf ePsf ?vx?nfO{ :ki6;Fu 5'l§g] u/L cg';"rL—@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
Ogfd]nn] wft' jf PNd'lgodsf] kftfdf gDal/Ë u/L lrGx nufO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-(_ ?v–u0fgf sfo{ slDtdf x/]s % jif{df ug'{ kg]{5 . o; cjlwdf d/]sf jf gfl;Psf
?vx?sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|fKt ljj/0fdf pNn]lvt
k|s[tL cg';f/ sf/jfxL ug]{, ldgfxf ug]{ tyf lhDDffaf6 x6fpg] nufotsf sfd sf/jfxLsf]
6'Ëf] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] nufpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ df h'g;'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg olb s'g} b}jL k|sf]k jf cGo s'g}
sf/0faf6 ?vx? dg{ uPdf ;f] sf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt} lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ lbg'kg]{
5 . lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L xfgLgf]S;fgLsf] k|s[ltsf] jf:tljstf
x]/L sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
&= ?v 5gf}6 ug]{ M -!_ ?vx?sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ hdLgsf] ;txaf6 ! ld6/ #) ;]=dL= -5fltsf]
prfO{_ df #) ;]=dL= jf ;f] eGbf a9L Aof; ePsf ?vx¿sf] 5gf}6 u/L u0fgf ug]{ sfo{
ug'{kg]{5 . t/ rf]6k6s nfu]sf]], 6'Kkf] eFflrPsf] ?v / e"—Ifo x'g;Sg] :yfgdf /x]sf ?v
vf]6f] ;Íngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ?v 5gf}6 ubf{ ;Nnfsf] k'g?Tkfbgdf c;/ gk/f];\ / eljiodf
s'g} lsl;dsf] /f]u, sL/fsf] cfqmd0f jf b}jL k|sf]k jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 ;Nnfsf]
jgdf kg{ ;Sg] pNn]vgLo k|lts"n k|efj Go"g u/L To; k|hfltsf] cl:tTj sfod
/fvL lbuf] ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]unfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ of]Uo ?vx? dWo]af6
k|lt x]S6/ % j6f :j:y ?vx¿ vf]6f] ;Íng gu/L 5f]8\g' kg]{5 . o;/L ?vx? 5f]8\bf
jgsf] 3gTj, cjl:ylt / b"/L ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;a} :yfgsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
?v 5f]8\g'kg]{5 . o;/L 5f]l8Psf ?vx?nfO{ :ki6;Fu 5'l§g] u/L cg';"rL—@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf ?vnfO{ s'g} klg k|lts"n c;/ gkfg]{ u/L Ogfd]nn] wft' jf PNd'lgodsf] kftfdf
gDal/Ë u/L lrGx nufO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 5f]l8Psf ?vx?sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL—# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfsf] /lhi6/
agfO{ clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f] clen]vsf] Electronic copy jg ljefu, ;DalGwt If]lqo
jg lgb]{zgfno / lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ vf]6f]–;Íngsf nflu k|lt?v k|lt jif{ #=% b]lv % lsnf]u|fd -vf]6];Nnfsf] xsdf dfq_ sf]
lx;faaf6 ?vx¿sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . vf]6f] ;Íngsf nflu l/n lgdf{0f u/L ;f]xL k|ljlwsf
cfwf/df vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 .

90
 -%_ vf]6f] ;Íngsf nflu ul/g] ?v 5gf}6 nufotsf tof/Lsf ;a} sfo{x? k|To]s jif{ kmfNu'0f
dlxgf;Dddf ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .

*= ?vx? lhDDff /xg] M -!_ lhNNff jg sfof{non] bkmf -^_ / -&_ sf ;Dk'0f{ ?vx? klxnf] jif{df
g} pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] lhDDff nufpg' kg]{5 . o;/L lhDDff nufO{Psf ?vx? /
tL ?vx? ePsf] jgIf]qsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf]
x'g]5 .

(= l8kf]sf] :yfkgf M -!_ ;+slnt vf]6f] /fVg lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf ;Íng l8kf]
:yfkgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ;Íng l8kf]x¿ :yfkgf ubf{ ;s];Dd ;a} s"kx¿af6 kfos kg]{ u/L / k|To]s s"Kfsf]
lgoldt lg/LIf0f x'g;Sg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L :yfg 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= cDnsf] ld>0f agfpg] ljlw M -!_ vf]6f]–;Íng ubf{ agfOg] l/nsf] Kjfnaf6 vf]6f]sf] axfj
a9fpg pQ]hssf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] cDnsf] ld>0f agfpFbf a9Ldf @) k|ltzt uf9fkg
(Concentration) zlQmsf] kftnf] ul/Psf] uGws cDn (Dilute Sulphuric Acid) / gfO{l6«s cDn
(Dilutle Nitric Acid) sf] !M! sf] cg'kftsf] ld>0f k|of]u ug{' kg]{5 .

-@_ tof/L cDnsf] ld>0f pBf]u jf lgsfon]] ;'/lIft k|of]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ 1fg jf lzk
;d]t sfdbf/x?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] vf]6f]–;Íngubf{ @) k|ltzt uf9fkg (Concentration) eGbf a9L
zlStsf] cDnsf] ld>0f k|of]u ug{ kfO{g] 5}g . cDnsf] ld>0fsf] uf9fkg jf zlSt a9L
ePsf] sf/0faf6 ?v dg{ uPdf jf ?vdf s'g} k|sf/sf] k|lts"n k|efj k/]sf] zÍf nfuL
cDnsf] ld>0fsf] uf9fkg jf zlSt hfFr ug{ pko'St 7fg]df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df gd"gf lnO{ lznaGbL u/L jg
cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefu jf dfGotf k|fKt cGo lgsfo dfkm{t\ /f;folgs k/LIf0fsf]
nflu k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg lgsfoaf6 /f;folgs kl/If0f ubf{ tf]lsPsf] dfkb08eGbf
a9L uf9fkg jf zlSt ePsf] cDnsf] ld>0f k|of]u u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfonfO{ pSt If]qdf slDtdf Ps
l;hgsf nflu vf]6f] ;Íng ug{af6 aGb]h nufO{ sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ;d]t ug{
;Sg]5 .

91
 kl/R5]b–$
l/n lgdf{0f, vf]6f] ;Íng tyf tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf

!!= ?vdf l/n agfO{ vf]6f] ;Íng ug'{kg]{ M -!_ l/n agfpg] sfo{ vf]6f]–;Íngsf] k"j{–tof/L
ePsf]n] vf]6f]–;Íngug'{ eGbf s/La & b]lv !) lbg cufl8 l/n agfpg] sfo{ z'? ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ l/n lgdf{0f ubf{ gDa/ nufO{ 5flgPsf ?vx¿df dfq ug'{ kg]{5 . vf]6f] ;Íng ug{
5flgPsf ?vx?sf] km]baf6 Ps dL6/sf] cw{Jof; If]q leq /x]sf ;'s]sf kft kltË/ /
emf/kft ;kmf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ l/n lgdf{0f Pj+ vf]6f]–;Íng sfo{ ubf{ sfdbf/nfO{ ;se/ ;df]Rr/]vf (Contour lines) sf]
;dfgfGt/ af6f]af6 lx+8\g lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ Vff]6f] ;Íng sfo{sf nflu l/n lgdf{0f ubf{ af6f]sf] 5]p5fpdf gu/L ;s];Dd af6f]af6
gb]lvg] ;fO8df ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ vf]6f] ;Íngsf] sfo{df k|of]u x'g] af]s|f tf5\g] -afs{ ;]e/_, l/n agfpg] rSs' /
;]G6«n u|'e s6/ h:tf cf}hf/x? /fd|f] wf/ ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfpg k|of]u ul/g] s'kL ;se/ a9L vKg] l6gsf] jf cGo
w]/} ;do vKg] j:t' jf wft'sf] kftfaf6 agfpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ l/n–lgdf{0f ug{ 5flgPsf ?vsf] km]baf6 !% ;]=dL= dfly d"n sf08sf] $% ;]=dL= X #)
;]=dL= a/fa/sf] If]qaf6 af]qmf tf5\g] cf}hf/ -afs{ ;]e/_ sf] ;xfotfaf6 ;'s]sf af]qmf
tf5L ;kmf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ;kmf ul/Psf] 7fpFdf #@ ;]=dL= X !^ ;]=dL= ;fOhsf] An]h
k|m]dsf] d2taf6 dfls{ª u]håf/f lrgf] nufO{ An]hsf] ;fOh tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf] 7Ls
aLrdf Pp6f nfdf] $ ld=ld= ulx/f] / &—( ld=ld= rf}8f vfFr ;]G6«n u'|e s6/ k|of]u u/L
agfpg' kg]{5 . vfFrsf] b'j}lt/ $%) sf] sf]0f agfO{ rSs' -k|]m;lgË gfO{km_ sf] ;xfotfaf6
@ ld=ld= ulx/f] l/n agfpg' kg]5{ .
-(_ vfFrsf] km]bdf & ;]= dL= X ^=% ;]= dL= sf] l6gsf] kQL -lnk_ af]qmfdf 3';f/L l6gsf]
kQLsf] @=% ;]=dL= tn Ps dl;gf] Njfª lsnfsf] ;xfotfaf6 l6gs} s'kL l/naf6 vfFr
eP/ vf]6f]–;Íng x'g ;Sg] u/L e'mG8ofpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ ?vdf l/n–lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{{ k"0f{ k|fljlws sfo{ ePsf] x'Fbf tflnd k|fKt
sfdbf/sf] dfq k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . hyfefjL l/n agfOPsf] jf tf]lsPsf] eGbf ulx/f] 3fpm
kfl/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf jf lhNnf jg sfof{non] lg/LIf0f cg'udg ubf{ ;f]
cg'?k u/]sf] b]lvg cfPdf To:tf] sfo{nfO{ tTsfn /f]Sg nufO{ pBf]u jf vf]6f]
;Íng ug]{ lgsfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
92
 -!!_ klxnf] kN6 l/n agfO{ vf]6f]–;Íng u/]sf] tLg lbg lat]kl5 k"gM To;dfly % ld=ld=sf]
km/sdf Ps k6sdf Psflt/ / csf]{ tLg lbg kl5 csf]{ lt/ Ps l/n agfpFb} hfg] /
;f]xL /Ltn] k|To]s ;ftfdf b'a} tkm{ !/! gofF l/n yKb} hfg ;lsg]5 .
-!@_ pkbkmf -!!_ adf]lhd gofF l/n agfO{ ;s]kl5 :k|] af]6n (Spray Bottle) af6
l/ndf kg]{ u/L a9Ldf @) k|ltztsf] cDn–ld>0f (Sulphuric Acid + Nitric Acid) sf]
emf]n ?vnfO{ pNn]vgLo k|lts'n k|efj gkg]{ u/L 5ls{g ;lsg]5 . o;/L cDn–ld>0f
5bf{ :k|] af]tnaf6 slDtdf #—% ;]= dL= 6f9f /xg] u/L 5s{g' kg]{5 .
-!#_ cf7 dxLgfsf] Ps l;hgdf -r}qb]lv sflt{s;Dd_ a9Ldf #@/#@ j6f l/nx¿ agfpg
;lsg] / Ps l/n b]lv csf]{ l/nsf] b"/L jLr ;dfgtf / ulx/fO{df Ps?ktf Nofpg
k|]m;lgË gfOkmsf] ufO{8sf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_ klxn] agfOPsf] An]hdf Psdfly csf]{ yKb} % aif{;Dd vf]6f]–;Íng ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] cjlw
kl5 klg vf]6f] ;Íng ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ePdf klxnf] 7fpFdf agfOPsf] An]hsf] nfOgaf6
Psftkm{ &=% ;]=dL= 5f]8L csf]{ 7fpFdf An]h tof/ u/L k"gM ;f]xL k|lqmofaf6 l/n–lgdf{0f
u/L vf]6f] ;Íng ug'{ kg]{5 . vf]6f] s'kLdf el/O{ aflx/ uO{ gf]S;fgL x'g glbg cl3 csf]{
efF8fdf vGofO{ ;Íng u/L /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 .
-!%_ 5gf}6 u/L gDa/ nufOPsf ?vx¿df dfq l/n–lgdf{0f ul/P gul/Psf] ;DaGwdf
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfoaf6 vl6Psf ;'k/efOh/ tyf vf]6f] ;Íng ul/g] ;DalGwt
If]qsf] /]~hkf]i6sf sd{rf/Låf/f lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg ;d]t tof/
u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!^_ pkbkmf -!%_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ / ;f]
k|ltj]bgaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] clgoldt sfo{ eP u/]sf] kfO{Pdf lhNnf jg clws[tn]
tT;DaGwdf cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!&_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ csf]{ l;hg z'? x'g'eGbf cufl8 sfd gnfUg] s'kLx¿ Pslqt u/L
jgIf]q aflx/ ;'/lIft NofO{ l8:kf]h ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
!@= vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ cjlw M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ sfo{ k|To]s jif{sf] r}q ! ut] b]lv sflt{s
d;fGt;Dd -jif{sf] cf7 dlxgf_ dfq ug'{ kg]5
{ .
-@_ dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ jg If]q 5gf}6, ?v u0fgf, s'k
lgdf{0f, 9'jfgL / k|zf]wg h:tf vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x? cGo dlxgfx?df
ug{ eg] afwf kg]{5}g .
!#= vf]6f] 9'jfgL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ k|To]s s"kaf6 ;Íng ul/Psf] vf]6f]nfO{ l6g jf cGo To:t}
efF8fdf vGofO{ tf]lsPsf] kfos kg]{ l8kf]df 9'jfgL u/L ;'/lIft ;fy k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'
kg]{5 .

93
 -@_ l8kf]af6 vf]6f] k|zf]wg ug]{ pBf]u -sf/vfgf_ :yn ;Dd n}hfgsf] nflu lgodfg';f/
nfUg] /fhZj b:t'/ a'emfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 cg';"rL— $ adf]lhdsf] rnfgL kq /
cg';"rL —% cg';f/sf] 9fFrfdf 5f]8k"hL{ lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] lbPsf] 5f]8k"hL{ / rnfgL kqsf] cfwf/df O{nfsf,
/]~hkf]i6 jf jg rf}sLx?n] vf]6f]sf] r]shfFr ug'+{ kg{]5 . rnfgL kq cg';f/ vf]6f]sf]
kl/df0f tyf cGo s'/fx? b'?:t ePdf ;Ssn rnfgL kqsf] k5fl8 b/lk6 u/L 5f]8L lbg'
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–%
tflnd tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf

!$= sd{rf/L tyf sfdbf/nfO{ tflnd lbg'kg]{ M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]q tyf ?v 5gf}6, s'k Pj+
l/n lgdf{0f, vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L, lgolGqt cfuf] nufpg], ;/;kmfO{ ;'/Iff nufotsf
sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/, ;'k/efO{h/ / ;xfos ;'k/efO{h/x?nfO{ o; ;DaGwL sfo{ z'?
ug'{ cufj} cfjZos Pj+ Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfon] tflndsf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ sfdbf/x?sf] nflu tflnd ;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] ;~rfng
ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} ;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] lhNnf jg sfof{no
jf If]qLo jg tflnd s]Gb|;uF ;dGjo u/L To; k|sf/sf] tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] jg ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug{
cfjZostf cg';f/ r]tgfd"ns sfo{s|d ;d]t ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ vf]6f] ;Íng ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/afxLdf tflnd k|fKt ePsf] jf cg'ej k|fKt ePsf]
JolStnfO{ dfq sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
!%= ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/
tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu ;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] ;/;kmfO{ /
;'/Iffsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ jgIf]qnfO{ ;kmf /fVg k"gM k|of]udf gcfpg] / k|of]u eO;s]sf s'kLx¿ jflif{s ¿kdf
csf]{ l;hgsf] z'?df cyf{t\ df3 dlxgfleq sfdbf/x? nufO{ To:tf s'kLx¿ Pslqt u/L
x6fO{;Sg'' kg]{5 .
-#_ cDnsf] ld>0f l/nx¿df 5s{bf To;sf] l5sf{ cfFvfdf, xftdf tyf z/L/sf cGo efudf
gk/f];\ eGgfsf nflu r:df, k~hf / Pk|f]gh:tf ;fdfu|L k|To]s sfdbf/nfO{ pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ vf]6f]–;Íng sfo{ ubf{ nfUg] ;fgfltgf 3fp–rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/sf nflu dnxd,
cfof]l8g, skf;, k§Lh:tf k|fylds pkrf/sf ;fdfg k|To]s l8kf]df pBf]u jf vf]6f]
;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
94
 -%_ vf]6f] ;Íng jf tT;DaGwL sfo{df cfjZos kg]{ afx]s jgIf]qdf sfdbf/sf] cfjthfjt
ug{ lbg' x'Fb}g . sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sfdbf/x¿ jgdf lxF8\bf af6f]df kg]{ af]6 la?jfnfO{
xflg gk'¥ofpg] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ jgIf]qdf /x]sf jGohGt'nfO{ t;f{pg], nv]6\g], dfg]{, ltgLx?sf] jf;:yfgnfO{ Iflt jf
cGo s'g} tj/n] klg xflg gf]S;fgL gk'Øfpg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy}
jGohGt'nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Øfpg ;Sg] s'g} lsl;dsf xft xltof/ jgIf]qdf n}hfg
kfO{g] 5}g .
-&_ jgIf]qleq /x]sf d7–dlGb/ jf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbf, jftfj/0fLo tyf h}ljs
ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn If]qsf] slDtdf !)) ld6/ j/k/ vf]6f]–;Íng ug{
kfO{g] 5}g .
-*_ k|rlnt sfg"gn] lgif]w u/]sf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL ug{ jf x'g glbg pBf]u jf vf]6f]
;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–^
k'g:yf{kg sfo{ / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^= k'g:yf{kgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{af6 ;Nnfsf] k|hfltsf] lbuf]
;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf;df kg{;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ /f]Sg tyf o;af6 kg]{ jftfj/0fLo
k|efj ;d]tnfO{ Go"lgs/0f u/L lbuf]?kdf vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]lslbPsf] :yfgdf x/]s % jif{df
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] If]qkmndf j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ !,))) d]l6«s 6g jf ;f] eGbf sd kl/df0fdf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ pBf]un] Go"gtd
kfFr x]S6/ If]qkmndf vf]6] ;Nnfsf] j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{kg]{5 . !,))) d]l6«s 6g eGbf a9L
kl/df0fdf vf]6f] ;Íngubf{ k|lt !,))) d]l6«s 6gsf nflu yk #=% x]S6/sf] b/n] vf]6]
;Nnfsf] j[Iff/f]k0f u/L % jif{;Dd ;+/If0f ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] ;Íng O{hfht kfPsf] t];|f] jif{;Dddf pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhdsf] j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ pBf]unfO{ pknAw u/fO{g] jg If]q vf]6f] ;Íngsf
nflu pknAw u/fO{Psf] If]q leq} jf ;f] If]q;Fu hf]l8Psf] pko'St :yfg lhNnf jg
clws[t cfkm}+n] jf lghn] v6fPsf] k|fljlwsn] ;se/ Pp6} :yfgsf] vf]hL u/L pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|fs[lts ?kdf gfËf] /x]sf] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf] :yfgsf]
cefj ePdf kmf6km'6 ?vdfq ePsf], k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg /fd|f] gePsf] :yfgdf clej[l4
j[Iff/f]k0f (Enrichment plantation) ug{ ;lsg]5 . j[Iff/f]k0f ubf{ ;se/ ;Nnf k|hftL

95
 5gf]6 ug{' pko'St x'g] t/ ;Nnfsf] j[Iff/]fk0f x'g g;Sg] :yfgdf cGo k|hftLsf] klg
j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd j[Iff/f]k0f ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"{0f vr{ tyf ;f] j[Iff/f]k0f
If]qsf] kfFr jif{;Dd ;+/If0f Ufg{'kg]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-&_ j[Iff/f]k0f If]q leq x's]{sf cGo h}ljs ;|f]tx?sf] /f]lkPsf lj?jfnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ gkfg]{
u/L ;+/If0f ul//fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflu unt :yfg 5gf}6 u/]sf sf/0f jf cGo s'g} nfk/afxL jf
lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s sfd gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 j[Iff/f]k0f ;kmn x'g g;s]sf] b]lvPdf ;f]sf] bfloTj
;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfo / jg sfof{nosf] klg x'g]5 .
-(_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] j[Iff/f]k0f ;DkGg If]qsf] gfk, gSzf / k|f/lDes cj:yf
lrq0f clen]vsf] ;fy} tf]lsPadf]lhd k|utLsf] hfgsf/Lx? ;DalGwt If]qLo jg
lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf lbg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h] ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ pko'St :yfg g}
pknAw x'g g;s]df pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] k|rlnt gd{; adf]lhd cfk"mn]
s/f/gfdfsf] cjlwe/df ug'{kg]{ j[Iff/f]k0fsf] If]qkmn cg';f/sf] j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nfut /sd
/ ;f] sf] kfFr jif{;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ a/fa/sf] /sd ;DalGwt lhNnf
jg sfof{nosf] 5'§} vftfdf hDdf u/L ;f] sf] Ps k|lt j}+s ef}r/ lhNnf jg sfof{nodf
a'emfpg' kg]{5 . lhNnf jg sfof{non] pSt vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd lhNnfsf] jg
ljsf; sfo{s|d tof/ u/L ;DalGwt If]lqo jg lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[tL u/fO{ vr{ ug{
;Sg]5 . lhNnf jg sfof{non] clen]v /fvL To;sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg Pj+ hfgsf/L
;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf klg clgjfo{ ?kdf lbg' kg]{5 .
!&= cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg Joj:yf M -!_ >f]t ;j]{If0f, vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ If]q / ?vsf]] 5gf}6,
l/n agfpg], cDnLo 3f]nsf] jgfj6, 3f]nsf] k|of]hg, vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL, 3f6u2L Pj+
lgsf;L, j[Iff/f]k0f Pj+ k'g:yf{kg, vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f8\g' kg]{ ?vsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ nufotsf
;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;DalGwt /]~hkf]i6sf] /]Gh/sf] k|ToIf lgu/fgLdf dfq ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
plNnlvt sfo{x?sf] lgoldt cg'udg gu/]df jf u/fpg g;s]df To;sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt
/]~hkf]i6sf] /]Gh/, Onfsf jg sfof{nosf ;xfos jg clws[t / lhNnf jg clws[t x'g5 ] g\ .
-@_ vf]6f] ;Íng;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{x?df s'g} lsl;dsf] clgoldttf b]lvPdf t'?Gt ;f] sf]
/f]syfd u/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ;DalGwt /]~hkf]i6, Onfsf jg sfof{no
/ lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug'{kb{5 . To:tf] clgoldttf ePsf] af/]df ;DalGwt lhNnf jg
clws[tn] sf/afxL u/L If]qLo jg lgb]{zs / jg ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;d]tnfO{ t'?Gt
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] vf]6f] ;Ín ug]{ sfo{sf] :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo
k/LIf0f÷jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf k|fjwfgx? nufot jg
ljefu;Fu vf]6f]–;Íng;DaGwL ;Demf}tf u/]sf pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfox?n]
;Demf}tf cg'¿k sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] lgoldt?kdf cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .

96
 -$_ vf]6f] ;Íng tyf ljqmL ljt/0f ;DaGwL dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f lhNnf jg sfof{non]
cg';"rL—^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf clgjfo{
?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ vf]6f] ;Íng;DaGwL sfo{sf] jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg
clws[t :jo+n] clgjfo{ ?kn] zt\k|ltzt If]q j[Iff/f]k0f, ¥ofG8d :ofDklnËsf] dfWodaf6
¥ofG8d gDj/ k|of]u u/L slDtdf !) k|ltzt vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f8]sf] ?vx?, ;]flx
¥ofG8d tfnLsfsf] k|of]ujf6 vf]6f] ;Íngu/]sf] ?vx?dWo] slDtdf Ps k|ltzt :ynut
lg/LIf0f u/L ;du| cj:yf, lg/LIf0f u/]sf ?vsf] gDa/ nufotsf jg If]qdf k/]sf] ;du|
k|efa ;d]tsf] jf:tljstf v'n]sf] :ki6 / tYok/s :ynut k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt
If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf Ps Ps k|lt k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} If]qLo jg
lgb]{zsn] jf lghn] v6fPsf]] sd{rf/Laf6 vf]6f] ;Íngul/Psf ?vx? dWo] slDtdf )=!
k|ltzt ?vx? ¥ofG8d tfnLsfsf] k|of]u u/L jflif{s ?kn] :ynut lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ l;hg ;lsPsf] tLg dlxgf leq -df3 dlxgf leq_ pkbkmf -%_
adf]lhd jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug]{ sfo{ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf]
k|ltlglw / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df ;DalGwt If]qLo jg
lgb]{zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . jflif{s cg'udg kmf/fdsf] gd"gf
cg';"rL–& adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ubf{ lgodfg';f/ ul/g' kg]{ sfdx? eP u/]sf] gkfOPdf
;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfonfO{ k|rlnt P]g lgodfg';f/ clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf cg'udg ug]{ lgsfoaf6 lbPsf]
lgb]{zgx? / o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePsf k|fjwfgx?sf] clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{
;DalGwt pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–&
clUg lgoGq0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!*= clUg lgoGq0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ M -!_ vf]6f] ;Íng If]q, cGo jg
If]q, vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ l8kf] Pj+ 3f6u2Ldf ;d]t cfunfuL x'g glbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] ;dodf g} ;r]t eO{ clUg lgoGq0fsf] plrt k|aGw
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;Nnfsf jgdf vf;u/L r}q b]lv cfiff9;Dd eml//xg] ;Nn]lk/sf sf/0f cfunfuLsf]
8/ x'g] ePsf]n] pSt ;dodf ;Nnfsf jg tyf ;+slnt vf]6f];d]tsf] arfp ug{
jgdf y'lk|P/ /x]sf ;Nn]lk/ lgoldt ¿kdf ;kmf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
;Nn]lk/ glhssf] vf]N;fvf]N;Ldf y'kfg]{ jf lgolGqt cfuf] nufpg] Joj:yf ;d]t
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
97
 -#_ jgdf cfuf] nfUg glbgsf] nflu ljz]if u/L ;'Vvf ofddf aflx/ xfjf nfUg] 7fpFdf
sfdbf/x?nfO{ hyfefjL cfuf] afn]/ vfgf ksfpg lbg' x'Fb}g . ;fy} vfgf ksfO{
;s]kl5 afn]sf] cfuf] /fd|/L lgefpg' nufpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ jg If]qdf sfdbf/x?n] r'/f]6, l+a+l8 vfP/ 7"6f] glgefO{sg hyfefjL kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
-%_ dl§t]n, l8h]n, df]ljn, k]6«f]n cflb k|of]u ubf{, vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L ubf{
;d]t hyfefjL kf]lvg] u/L ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-^_ vf]6f] ;ÍngIf]qdf cUgL /]vfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ jg leq /x]sf uf]/]6f] af6f]x?df ePsf
kftkltË/ udL{ ofd cufl8 g} ;kmf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ vf]6f]sf] e08f/g ;se/ jg If]q aflx/ v'Nnf 7fFpdf ug{] / cfunfluaf6 ;'/lIft
/fVg ;w}+ ;kmf;'U3/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ l8kf] Pj+ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] vf]6f] cfunfuLaf6 hf]ufpg jl/kl/sf] kftkltË/nfO{
lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;kmf u/L /fVg'kg]{5 / ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfon] cfunfuL
lgoGq0fsf nflu kfnf] kx/fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ jg If]q, l8kf] Pj+ 3f6u2Ldf s'g} sf/0faf6 cfuf] nfUg uPdf sd{rf/L / sfdbf/x?
;a} ldnL t'?Gt} lgefpg' kg]{5 . 7"nf] cfuf] nfu]df :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;d]t ;xof]u
lnO{ cfuf] lgefpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ jg If]qdf ePsf] cfunfuLsf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 . lhNnf jg clws[tn] klg cfuf] nfu]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf Iflt x'g glbg
cfjZos k|aGw tTsfn ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} To:tf] jg If]qsf] lg/LIf0f lhNnf
jg clws[t :jo+ jf cfˆgf] dftxtsf] sd{rf/L v6fO{ cfunfuLsf] If]qkmn / xfgL–
gf]S;fgLsf] kl/df0f olsg u/L k]z ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . s;}sf] hfgfhfgL jf
nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0f cfunfuL ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] jg P]g,
@)$( adf]lhd sf/afxL / ;Fhfo ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–*
ljljw
!(= ljljw M -!_ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] cfkm}+ jf cfˆgf] s'g} sfdbf/af6 jgdf
s'g} clgoldt sfo{ u/]df k|rlnt jg P]g, @)$( tyf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! cg';f/
sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ rf/ lsNnf tf]sL lbPsf] jg If]qdf dfly cGo
kl/R5]bdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvP tfklg lhNnfsf] jg sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf]
jif{e/ ;Íngx'g] vf]6f]sf] kl/df0f leq dfq ;Íngu/L ljs|L ljt/0f ug{ kfOg]5 .

98
-#_ pBf]u jf lgsfon] vf]6f]–;Íng / 9'jfgL sfo{sf] nflu :yfgLo dlxnf / blntnfO{
s'g} e]befj gu/L k|fyldstf lbO{ sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL, 3f6u2L nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{
lgsfosf] cfˆg} vr{df ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ jg If]q tyf ?v 5gf}6, l/n
lgdf{0f, vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL Pj+ 3f6u2L nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?df v6fO{Psf
sfdbf/, ;'k/efO{h/, ;xfos ;'k/efO{h/ nufotsf ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] tLg k':t]
ljj/0f cg';"rL—* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfd k|f/De ug'{ cufj} ;DalGwt lhNnf jg
sfof{nodf clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/L Pj+ sfdbf/x?nfO{
cg';"rL—( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] kl/ro kq pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng
ug]{ lgsfon] clgjfo{ ?kn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ olb s'g} lhNnfdf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfox?nfO{
vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ jg If]q pknAw u/fpFbf ;Dej eP;Dd k|fs[lts l;dfgfx?nfO{
cfwf/ dfgL 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ jg leq}} a;L vf]6f]–;Íng ug]{ sfdbf/nfO{ vfgf ksfpg] bfp/f cfjZos k/]df
;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] :jLs[t jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL lgodfg';f/
sf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;'s]sf bfp/fdfq k|of]u ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ jg d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf a/fdb ePsf] vf]6f] ;f] d'2fsf] lsgf/f nfu]kl5
s;"/ g7x/]df ;Íng ug]{ JolSt jf lgsfonfO{ g} lbg'kg]{5 . To:tf] vf]6f] hkmt
x'g] 7xl/Pdf jf a]jfl/;L vf]6f] ePdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd
ljs|L ljt/0f sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^) adf]lhd lnnfd ljs|L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt Joj:yfsf] kfng ug'{ u/fpg' lhNnf jg clws[tsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 . ;fy} o; ;DaGwdf x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLsf] lhDd]jf/L] ;d]t
lhNnf jg clws[tsf] x'g]5 .
-!)_ ;Íng Pj+ lgsf;L ug{ nfu]sf] jf ljs|L ljt/0f ePsf] vf]6f] jg sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]
sfo{If]q leq h'g;'s} 7fpFdf h'g;'s} ;dodf klg lg/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ sfd ug{ kfPsf] lhNnf jf If]qdf vf]6f] ;Íng, 3f6u2L / 5f]8k"hL{
cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 lhNnf jg sfof{no / pBf]un] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf]
pkl:yltdf If]qLo jg lgb]{zs jf lghn] v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{
s/f/gfdfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ sfo{ 5f]8\g] cj:yf ePdf
;f] avt clGtd hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 . clGtd hfFr kmf/fdsf] gd"gf cg';"rL—!)
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!@_ clGtd hfFr ubf{ lgodfg';f/ ul/g'kg]{ sfdx? eP u/]sf] gkfOPdf ;DalGwt
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfonfO{ k|rlnt P]g lgodfg';f/ clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] sf/jfxL ug]{]5 .

99
 -!#_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;Nnf kfO{g] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgsf] s'g} If]qnfO{ jLp
pTkfbg, cg';Gwfg jf tflnd ;~rfng If]qsf] ?kdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-!$_ pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] vf]6f] ;Íngul//x]sf] If]q / ;f] afx]ssf
cGo vf]6] ;Nnfsf] jg If]qdf o; ;DaGwL j}1flgs cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug{ s'g}
JolSt, z}lIfs ;+:yf nufotsf lgsfon] k|:tfj ;lxt cg'/f]w u/]df sfg"gåf/f
tf]lsPsf lgif]lwt sfo{x? afx]ssf sfo{x? ug]{ u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cg'dlt
lbg;Sg] 5 . o:tf] cWoogsf] Ps k|lt jg ljefunfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf a'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
-!%_ vf]6f] nufot jg k}bfjf/sf] ;|f]t, pknAwtf, pTkfbg, Joj:yfkg, ;Íngljlw,
k|zf]wg / ;b'kof]u kIfdf cfjZos ;j]{If0f tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{;d]t ;j]{If0f Pj+
cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfoaf6 ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;j]{If0f Pj+ cg';Gwfg lgsfoaf6 k|sflzt
glthfnfO{ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] dfGotf u/]kl5 jg ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu
cflwsfl/s lgb]{lzsfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg]5 .
-!^_ kf6];Nnf (Pinus patula) / uf]a|];Nnf (Pinus wallichiana) sf] jflif{s pTkfbgsf]
xsdf cg';Gwfgaf6 lglZrt eO{ dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!&_ ;fd'bflos jg If]qdf s'g} pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfon] ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf
;d"x;Fu s/f/gfdf u/L vf]6f] ;Íngubf{ ;d]t of] sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdsf]
sfo{ljlw cjnDAfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!*_ vf]6f] ;Íng;DjGwL s'g} pBf]u;Fusf] s/f/gfdfdf ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk jf
kl/df0f yk ubf{ To; pBf]un] ljutdf u/]sf] vf]6f] ;Íng÷k|zf]wg ;DjGwL sfdsf]
cg'udg u/L d'NofÍg ul/Psf] cfwf/df ;|f]tdf x|f; gcfpg] u/L lbuf] ljsf; /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;d]t x'g] b]lvPdf dfq Dofb yk÷kl/df0f yk x'g] Joj:yf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-!(_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf s'/fx? pk/ p7]sf ljjfbx?sf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ jg
ljefunfO{ x'g]5 . jg ljefusf] JofVofdf lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn] ;f] pk/ jg tyf
e"—;+/If0f dGqfnodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / JofVofsf ;DjGwdf ;f] dGqfnon]
u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

100
 cg';"rL–!

-bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
?v u0fgfsf] /lhi6/
cf= j= @)======.@)===========
lhNnf jg sfof{noM ===================== Onfsf jg sfof{noM ================= /]~hkf]i6M==============uf= lj= ;=
====================j8f g+= ======= jgsf] gfd M– ============= ======== s'k g+= ======================= s'ksf]
If]qkmn============ rf/ sLNnf M k"j{ ================ klZrd ================ pQ/========================
blIf0f===================u0fgf ul/Psf] jif{ / dlxgf M– ================ ?v u0fgfdf k|of]u ePsf] /Ë
========================vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM==================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ePsf t/ vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f]l8Psf hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM=============

pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ==================================

?v g+= 5fltsf] prfO{df ?vsf] Jof; -;]=dL=_ s}lkmot

!
@
#
$
%
^

?v u0fgf ug]{ /]~hkf]i6÷O= j= sf=sf] tkm{jf6 lh=j=sf=sf] tkm{af6

sfdbf/sf] ljj/0f u0fgf sfo{sf] r]sug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f
! gfdM / bhf{ =========== !==============
@ =========== @ ===========

k]z ug]{ r]s hfFr ug]{÷l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{

================ ======================= =======================
-;'k/efOh/_ -/]~h/÷;=j=c=_ -lhNnf jg clws[t_

101
 cg';"rL–@

-bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf * / bkmf & sf] pkbkmf @ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ ?vsf] gDal/Ë ug]{ gd"gf

s'k g+=M–
?v g+=–
uf]nfO{– lkm6
jif{M–

vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ?v t/ vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f]8\g] ?vsf] gDal/Ë ug]{ gd"gf

s'k g+=M–
?v g+=–s'k g+=÷
5f]8]sf] ?v g+M=
uf]nfO{– lkm6
jif{M–
±
• x/]s ?vdf gDjl/Ë ubf{ wft' jf ;fgf] PNdf]lgodsf] rf/kf6] -!ÆX !Æ_ kftfdf ;j} eGbf dfly
s'k g+=, To;sf] tn ?v g+=, To;sf] tn uf]nfO{ / To;sf] tn jif{ n]vL ?vdf e'm08\ofpg' kg]{5 .
kftf e'm08fp+bf ;se/ ?vdf Psbd} dl;gf] tf/n] xNsf ?kdf ?vsf] j[l4df k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{
/ dflg;n] k'Ug g;Sg] prfO{df -& lkm6 eGbf dfly_ jf+Wg' kg]{5 .

102
 cg';"rL–#

-bkmf & sf] pkbkmf # ;Fu ;DalGwt_

;Íng gu/L 5f]l8Psf ?vsf] ljj/0f /fVg] /lhi6/

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu

lhNnf jg sfof{noM ===================== Onfsf jg sfof{noM ============ /]~hkfi6M ===============

uf= lj= ;= =====================j8f g+= ======= jgsf] gfd M– ======================================= s'k g+= ====
s'ksf] If]qkmn============ rf/ lsNnf M k"j{ ================ klZrd =============== pQ/ ========================blIf0f ==================
u0fgf ul/Psf] jif{ / dlxgf M– ================ ?v u0fgfdf k|of]u ePsf] /Ë ========================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ePsf t/ vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f]l8Psf hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM=============

pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ==================================

?v g+= 5fltsf] prfO{df ?vsf] prfO{ -ld6/_ 5q Jof; -dL6/_ ju{ -:t/_ s}lkmot
Jof; -;]=dL=_

?v u0fgf ug]{ /]~hkf]i6÷O= j= sf=sf] tkm{jf6 lh=j=sf=sf] tkm{af6

sfdbf/sf] ljj/0f u0fgf sfo{sf] r]s ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f
! gfdM / bhf{ =========== !==============
@ =========== @ ===========

k]z ug]{ r]s hfFr ug]{÷l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{

================ ======================= =======================
-;'k/efOh/_ -/]~h/÷;=j=c=_ -lhNnf jg clws[t_

103
 cg';"rL–$

-bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf @ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no ======
vf]6f] lgsf;Lsf] nflu dfq rnfgL k'hL{sf] gd"gfM
rnfgL g+= ============ 5f\]8k"hL{sf] r= g+= =====
rnfgL ldlt ================= 5f]8k"hL{sf] ldltM === 5f]8k"hL{sf] l6g
;+VofM ==========kl/df0fM ==========ls= u|f=================
;jf/L ;fwgsf] lsl;d / gDa/M =====================8«fO{e/sf] gfdM ================= sxfFblvM
============================= sxfF;Dd –-sf/vfgf :yfg_ ================== .
5f]8k"hL{ kfpg]sf] gfd / 7]ufgf -pBf]u jf lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgf_M ================

rnfgL s'k g++= ;Íng ug]{ 9'jfgL ug]{ sfdbf/ l8kf] g+= 9'jfgL u/]sf] 9'jfgL ug]{ l6gsf]
g++= sfdbf/sf] gfd sf] gfd l6g ;+Vof l;=g+= x? / tf}n

k]z ug]{ r]s hfFr ug]{÷l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{

================ ======================= = =====================
-;'k/efOh/_ -/]~h/÷;=j=c=_ -lhNnf jg clws[t_

104
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf @ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfof{no ======
vf]6f]sf] 5f]8k"hL{
kq ;+Vof
rnfgL ldltM
ljifoM vf]6f]sf] 5f]8k"hL{ lbPsf] jf/] .
>L ===========================

lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== sf] ldlt ===================== sf] 5f]8kq g=+ ============== cg';f/ tkl;n adf]
lhdsf] vf]6f]sf] nfUg] /sd gubL g+= ========÷ef}r/ g+= ========== af6 ?= ================-cIf]?kL =================_
k|fKt e};s]sf] x'+bf cfhsf] ldltn] ============= lbg leq ;f] vf]6f] p7fO{ n}hfg' xf]nf . Dofb leq vf]6f] p7fO{
gnuL lxgfldgf ePdf ;f] sf] lhDd]jf/ :jo+ tkfO{ g} x'g] / tf]lsPsf] k|of]hg / :yfgdf gnuL clgoldt
eP u/]df sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] Joxf]/f ;d]t ;"lrt ul/G5 .

tkl;nM

rnfgL g++= s'k g++= l8kf] g+= 9'jfgL u/]sf] 9'jfgL ug]{ l6gsf] 3f6u2L s}lkmot
l6g ;+Vof l;=g+= x? / tf}n :yfg
vf]6f]sf]] gfkL nut
o;} ;fy ;+nUg 5

===============
lhNnf jg clws[t
jf]wfy{M
>L lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== -k'Ug] 7fpFsf]_
>L ================ O{=j=sf=M sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df nf]8 u/fO{ b/lk7 u/L k7fp+g' x'g .
>L n]vf zfvf,
>L =================== /]=kf]=

105
 cg';"rL–^

-bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf $ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

vf]6f] ;Íng;DaGwL dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg kmf/fd

lhNnf jg sfof{no =============

cf= j= @)=====.@)======= ================== dlxgfsf] vf]6f] ;Íngk|ult k|ltj]bg

-!_ vf]6f] ;Íng ljj/0f

-s_ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / vf]6f] ;Íng 6]lkË ?v ;+slnt vf]6f]sf] s}lkmot
7]ufgf u/]sf] jgsf] gfd ;+Vof kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

-v_ ;fd'bflos jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / vf]6f] ;Íng 6]lkË ?v ;+slnt vf]6f]sf] s}lkmot
7]ufgf u/]sf] jgsf] gfd ;+Vof kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

-@_ 5f]8k"hL{sf] ljj/0f

-s_ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgdf
l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd 5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] hDdf 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] 5f]8k"hL{ x'g s}lkmot
/ 7]ufgf kl/df0f -ls=u|f=_ /fhZj -?_ afFsL kl/df0f -ls=u|f=_

-v_ ;fd'bflos jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd 5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] hDdf 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] 5f]8k"hL{ s}lkmot
/ 7]ufgf kl/df0f -ls=u|f=_ /fhZj -?_ x'g afFsL kl/df0f -ls=u|f=_

k]z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ M

=============== ==========================
bhf{M === -lhNnf jg clws[t_
ldltM ldltM
106
 cg';"rL–&

-bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

jflif{s cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg kmf/fd

cf= j= @)===.@)====

lhNnf jg sfof{noM ======================== Onfsf jg sfof{noM ======================= /]~hkf]i6 M====================

uf= lj= ;= =====================j8f g+= ================== jgsf] gfd M– ==================== ===== s'k g+= ================
s'ksf] If]qkmn================= rf/ lsNnf M k"j{ ================= klZrd ================ pQ/================= blIf0f ===============
u0fgf ul/Psf] jif{ / dlxgf M– =======================================?v u0fgfdf k|of]u ePsf] /Ë ==============================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM=====================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ePsf t/ vf]6f] ;Íng gu/L 5f]l8Psf hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM ====================
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ============================================================ s/f/gfdf ePsf]
ldltM ========================= s/f/gfdfsf] Dofb ;dfKt x'g] ldltM =====================

l;= g+= ?v g+= 5fltsf] prfO{df ?vsf] Jof; 5q Jof; ;+slnt vf]6f]sf] kl/df0f s}lkmot
-;]=dL=_ -dL6/_ -ls= u|f=_

• :ynut lg/LIf0f ul/Psf s"kx?sf] ;+Vof / gDa/MM =======================

• l/n lgdf{0f tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljlwaf6 u/]sf]÷gu/]sf]M =====================
• clgoldt?kaf6 vf]6f] ;Íngubf{ dg{ uPsf ?vx?sf] ;+VofM ==================
• vf]6f] ;Íngtyf 9'jfgL ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;+nUgtf eP÷gePsf]
• ;ÍngePsf] vf]6f]sf] hDdf kl/df0fM ============ls= u|f=
• 5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] vf]6f]sf] hDdf kl/df0f / k|fKt /fhZj ljj/0fM =======ls= u|f=, ?= =========
• 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] vf]6f]sf] hDdf kl/df0fM =============ls= u|f=
• j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ gkg]{ / u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] If]qkmnM =============== x]S6/
• j[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf nufOPsf dWo] afFr]sf lj?jf k|ltztM==========
• j[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;du| u'0f:t/M clt pQd÷pQd÷;fdfGo / Go"g
• :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f÷jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf / cGo
tf]lsPsf zt{x? adf]lhd sfo{ gePsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
• ;du|df vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L, lgsf;L nufot sfo{x? lgoldt ?kdf eP÷gePsf]
• s]xL /fo ;'emfjx? eP pNn]v ug]{M
pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lh= j=sf sf] tkm{af6 cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] lgsfosf] tkm{af6 /f]xj/df a:g] sd{rf/Lsf]
/f]xj/df a:g] k|ltlglw÷sd{rf/Lsf]
gfdM gfdM gfdM
bhf{M bhf{M bhf{M
x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M
ldltM ldltM ldltM

107
 cg';"rL–*

-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf % ;Fu ;DalGwt_

vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{df v6fO{Psf ;Dk"{0f sfdbf/ nufotsf sd{rf/Lx?sf]

tLg k':t] ljj/0f kmf/fd
cf= j= @)=====.@)====

pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ========================================

lhNnfM ============= /]~hkf]i6M ========= l8kf]M================ s'k g+========== ldltM============

l;=g+= sd{rf/Lsf] bhf{ pd]/ lnË afa'sf] gfd, afh]sf] gfd, :yfoL x:tfIf/
gfd, y/ y/ y/ 7]ufgf

;'k/efO{h/sf] gfdM ======== k|aGwssf]] gfdM==========

x:tfIf/M ============= x:tfIf/M=================

ldltM================== ldltM ===================

108
 cg';"rL–(

-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf % ;Fu ;DalGwt_

kl/ro—kq
-cuf8Lsf] kfgf_

k= kq g+=M
==========================/f]lhg P08 6k]{G6fOg O08li6«h -k|f=_ ln=
==================================
kl/ro —kq
gfdM ===========================================
7]ufgfM ========================================
bhf{M =========================================== kmf]6f]
hf/L u/]sf] ldltM ==========================
================================ ===========================
k|df0fkq lng]sf] b:tvtM k|dfl0ft ug]{sf] b:tvtM

-k5f8Lsf] kfgf_

gljs/0f
b]lv ;Dd gljs/0f ug]{sf] ;xL

109
 cg';"rL–!)

-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf !! ;Fu ;DalGwt_

clGtd hfFr ug]{ kmf/fd

lhNnf jg sfof{noM ============================= Onfsf jg sfof{noM ===================== /]~hkf]i6 ===================
uf= lj= ;= =====================j8f g+= ======= jgsf] gfd M =================================================== s'k g+= ====
s'ksf] If]qkmn============
rf/ lsNnf M k"j{ =============================klZrdM=============================== pQ/================================= blIf0f================================
u0fgf u/LPsf] jif{ / dlxgf M ============================ ?v u0fgfdf k|of]u ePsf] /ËM================================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM==================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ePsf t/ vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f]l8Psf ?vx?sf] gDa/M=================================================
vf]6f] ;Íng ug{ nfos ePsf t/ vf]6f] ;Ínggu/L 5f]l8Psf hDdf ?vsf] ;+VofM===============================

-s_ vf]6f] ;Íng u/]sf ?vx?sf] ljj/0fM

l;= g+= ?vsf] gDa/ 5fltsf] prfO{df 5q Jof; ;+slnt vf]6f]sf] s}lkmot
?vsf] Jof; -;]=dL=_ -dL6/_ kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

-v_ vf]6f] ;Íng gu/L 5f]l8Psf ?vx?sf] ljj/0fM

l;= g+= ?vsf] gDa/ prfO{ -dL=_ 5fltsf] prfO{df 5q Jof; ?vsf] s}lkmot
?vsf] Jof; -dL6/_ cj:yf
-;]=dL=_

-u_ vf]6f] ;Íng ;DaGwL cGo ljj/0fM

• :ynut lg/LIf0f ul/Psf s"kx?sf] ;+Vof / gDa/M
• l/n lgdf{0f tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljlwaf6 u/]sf]÷gu/]sf]
• clgoldt?kaf6 vf]6f] ;Íng ubf{ dg{ uPsf ?vx?sf] ;+VofM
• vf]6f] ;Íng tyf 9'jfgL ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;+nUgtf eP÷gePsf]

110
• j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ eP s] slt If]qkmndf u/]sf]M ========== x]S6/
• j[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf nufOPsf dWo] afFr]sf lj?jf k|ltztM =========
• j[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;du| u'0f:t/M clt pQd, pQd, ;fdfGo / Go"g
• :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f÷jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf / cGo
tf]lsPsf zt{x? adf]lhd sfo{ eP gePsf]M===========
• :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f÷jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf / cGo
tf]lsPsf zt{x? adf]lhd sfo{ gePsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
• ;du|df vf]6f] ;Íng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L nufot lgsf;L sfo{x? lgoldt ?kdf eP÷gePsf]
• s]xL /fo ;'emfjx? eP pNn]v ug]{M

pBf]u jf vf]6f] ;Íng ug]{ lh= j= sf= sf] tkm{af6 cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] lgsfosf] tkm{af6 /f]xj/df a:g] sd{rf/Lsf]
/f]xj/df a:g] k|ltlglw÷sd{rf/Lsf]
gfdM gfdM gfdM
bhf{M bhf{M bhf{M
x:tfIf/ x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M
ldltM ldltM ldltM

111
 ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%@

jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L jg lgodfjnL, @)%! tof/ eO{ ldlt
@)%!.!@.@) df P]g / lgodfjnL k|f/De e} ;s]sf] x'Fbf pk/f]Qm P]g / lgodfjnLdf pNn]lvt
;fd'bflos jgsf] Joj:yfkg u/L jgsf] ljsf; ;+/If0f tyf jg k}bfjf/sf] plrt ;b'kof]u ug]{
p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L b]xfosf]
lgb]{lzsf jgfPsf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æ ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%@Æ /x]sf]
5.
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf ldlt @)%@ ;fn c;f]h ! ut] b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ín] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf M

-s_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ æjftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/Æ eGgfn] cGo k|rlnt P]g sfg"gn] Joj:yf
u/]sf] s'/fx?sf ;fy} ;DjlGwt If]qsf] cj:yf / k|s[lt ;d]t ;Demg' kb{5 .
#= ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgwf{/0fM -!_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod @^ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] hUufdf
?v lj?jf ;+/If0f u/]sf] jf ?v lj?jf nufpg rfx]df cg";"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DjlGwt
Onfsf jg sfof{no dfkm{t jf ;f]em} jg sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] cfjZos hfFrj'em
u/L lgodfjnLdf pNn]lvt cGo k|lqmofx? k'/f ug{' kg]{ eP ;f] u/L cg';'rL–@
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf dfGotf lbPsf] k|df0f kq lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] sf]
hfgsf/L hUufsf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
$= pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g / ;fd'bflos jg ;'Dkg] k|lqmofM lgodfjnLsf] lgod @& sf] pklgod -$_
cg';f/ pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g ubf{ lgod @( sf] pklgod -#_ cg';f/ ;fd'bflos jg ;'Dkbf,
lgod @( sf] pklgod -$_ cg';f/ lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf / lgod @( sf] pklgod -%_ cg';f/
cg'udg jf d"NofÍg ubf{ b]xfo cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g ubf{ Ps lhNnfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x / csf]{ lhNnfdf jg If]q jf
Ps lhNnfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x / jg If]q tyf csf]{ lhNnfdf klg pkef]Qmf ;d"x jf Ps
lhNnfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x / jg If]q tyf csf]{ lhNnfdf klg jg If]q x'g ;Sg] l:ylt /x]sf]
x'Fbf pkef]Qmfx?n] cfkm" h'g lhNnfdf a;f]jf; u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[t
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] lgj]bg k|fKt eP kl5 lhNnf jg clws[tn] dfu u/]sf] jg

112
 If]q h'g lhNnf;Fu ;DjlGwt xf] ;f]xL lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[t ;dIf lgj]bg k7fpg'
kg]{5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;dGjo /fvL sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nfluM æsÆ lhNnfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x / ævÆ lhNnfdf jg If]q /x]sf] cj:yfdf æsÆ
lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[t ;dIf pkef]Qmfn] lgj]bg ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] lgj]bg æsÆ lhNnfsf]
lhNnf jg clws[tn] ævÆ lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[t ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 . pkef]Qmf
;d"x u7g / ;fd'bflos jg ;'Dkg] sfo{ jg If]q ePsf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf jg clws[tn]
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod @( sf] pklgod -$_ adf]lhd jg If]q b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
lhNnf leq kg]{ / pkef]Qmf klg lt–lt lhNnfdf kg]{ ePdf jf cGo cj:yf kg{
cfPsf] v08df ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;dGjo sfod u/L sfo{ ug''{
kg]{5 .
-u_ pk/f]Qm v08x? adf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;d"x btf{ ePsf] / ;fd'bflos jgsf] x:tfGt/0f
e} ;s]kl5 btf{sf] k|df0f kq / x:tfGt/0f ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] Ps Ps k|lt / sfo{
of]hgf ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nox?df clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ o;/L pkef]Qmf ;d"x btf{ ePsf] / sfo{ of]hgf adf]lhd ;'lDkPsf] jgdf sfd
eP–gePsf] ;DjGwdf cfˆgf] If]qleqsf] ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] cg'udg tyf
d"NofÍg u/L ;f] sf] Ps–Ps k|lt ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nox?df clgjfo{ ?kdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
%= pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] btf{ M lgodfjnLsf] lgod @& sf] pklgod -%_ adf]lhd bvf{:t lbg]
pkef]Qmf ;d"x To;sf] ljwfg cg'?k u7g ePsf] gePsf] ;DjGwdf lhNnf jg clws[tn]
b]xfosf s'/fx?df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 M
-s_ h'g jg ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf lng rfx]sf] xf] ;f] jg s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f
ul/;s]sf] jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ sf/jfxL rln/x]sf] 5 jf 5}g .
-v_ ljwfg tof/ ubf{ ;j} pkef]Qmfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 5}g .
^= sfo{of]hgfM -!_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod @( sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pTkfbg lbg] vfnsf
gub]jfnL eGgfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jfnL jf o:t} lsl;dsf] jfnL hgfpF5 .
-s_ lrof
-v_ slkm
-u_ ;'s'd]n
-3_ cn}rL
-@_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod @( adf]lhd lgj]bg ;lxt sfo{of]hgf lhNnf jg clws[t ;dIf k]z
ePsf]df ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] cfjZos hfFrj'em ubf{ lgDg s'/fx?df ljrf/
k'¥ofpg' kb{5–
-s_ k|fljlws kIfx?
-v_ e"–jgf]6

113
 -u_ jftfj/0fLo l:ylt / hËnsf] l:ylt
-3_ ;f] jgsf] jg k}bfjf/ ;DjGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf;Fu s'g}
s/f/gfdf u/]–gu/]sf] s'/f .
-#_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod @( sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf zt{x? eGgfn]
lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ hgfpF5M
-s_ P]g, lgodfjnL / lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt ePsf Joj:yfx?,
-v_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] btf{, ;fd'bflos jgsf] sfo{of]hgfdf plNnlvt ePsf Joj:yfx?,
-u_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfngf ug]{5' egL pNn]v u/]sf Joj:yfx?,
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] P]g, lgodfjnL / lgb]{lzsfsf cGtu{t /xL u/]sf Joj:yfx?,
-ª_ ;fd'bflos jg ;'Dkg' k"j{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf;+u jg
k}bfjf/sf] ;DjGwdf s'g} s/f/gfdf u/]sf] l:yltdf ;f] s/f/gfdfsf] Dofb /x];Dd
;f]xL s/f/gfdf adf]lhd x'g] u/L jg sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g] Joj:yf .
&= nutM lgodfjnLsf] lgod #) adf]lhd nut /fVbf / k7fpFbf To;sf] rf/ lsNnf
pNn]v x'g] u/L agfOPsf] gSzf ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
*= pBf]u ;~rfngM -!_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod #@ sf] pklgod -$_ adf]lhd lhNnf jg clws[tn]
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ l;kmfl/; lbg' k"j{ lgDg s'/fx?df ljrf/ k'¥ofP/ dfq l;kmfl/; ug'{
kg]{5 M
-s_ pkef]Qmf ;d"x ;f] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ Joj:yfkg kIfdf ;dy{jfg 5 ls
5}g <
-v_ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd k|fKt x'g] jg k}bfjf/
oy]i6 ?kdf k'U5 jf k'Ub}g <
-u_ pTkflbt j:t'sf] ljs|L ljt/0f ;DjGwL Joj:yf .
-3_ ljqmL ljt/0faf6 k|fKt /sdsf] vr{ ;DjGwL Joj:yf .
-@_ PseGbf a9L pkef]Qmf ;d"xx? cfk;df ldln To:tf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ l;kmfl/;
dfu u/]df pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt Joj:yfsf cltl/Qm lgDg s'/fx?df ljrf/ k'¥ofO{
l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ s'g s'g pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd k|fKt x'g] slt slt jg k}bfjf/
pknJw u/fpg] .
-v_ ljqmLaf6 cfh{g ePsf] /sd s;/L Ps cfk;df ljt/0f ug]{ .
(= 6fFrfM -!_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] gfd ;d]t gbf]xf]l/of]; eGg] p2]Zon] k|To]s lhNnf jg clws[tn]
cg';'rL–# adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof clgjfo{ ?kdf cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] lgodfjnLsf] lgod #$ cGtu{t 6fFrf btf{ u/fO kfpmF egL lgj]bg
lbPsf]df 6fFrfsf] gfd bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L 6fFrf btf{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] / 6fFrfsf ljj/0fx?

114
 ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ / ljefudf ;d]t hfgsf/L /fVg' kg]{ x'Fbf cg';"rL–$
adf]lhdsf] 6fFrf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= jg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/M lgodfjnLsf] lgod #% sf] pklgod -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd slDtdf
@$ 306f cufj} ;DjlGwt jg sfof{nodf hfgsf/L lbP/ dfq jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{
lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL–!& adf]lhdsf] /l;bdf cg';"rL –% adf]lhdsf] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] 5fk
clgjfo{ ?kdf nufOPsf] x'g' kb{5 .
!!= n]vf hfFra'em ug]{M lgodfjnLsf] lgod #^ sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] n]vf
kl/If0f k|ltj]bgdf cfjZos k/]df jf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] lx;fjsf]
;DjGwdf s'g} lnlvt ph'/L lbPsf] v08df lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf]
lx;fj lstfj hfFra'em ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@= ;fd'bflos jg lkmtf{ lng]M -!_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod #^ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lnlvt
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] v08df ;f] k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf $* 306f leq sDtLdf
/fhkq cg+lst k|yd :t/sf] k|fljlws sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] If]qdf v6fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s & lbg leq lhNnf jg
sfof{nodf hfFra'em u/L k|ltj]bg k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L & lbg leq k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{ g;Sg] lnlvt hfgsf/L lbPsf]df ;f] plrt b]lvPdf k6s k6s u/L jf Ps} k6s
a9Ldf & lbg ;Ddsf] Dofb lhNnf jg clws[tn] yk lbg ;Sg] 5 . ;f] ylkPsf] Dofb
leq} vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] k|ltj]bg lbg' lghsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 sfo{of]hgf ljkl/t sfo{ ePsf]
b]v]df lhNnf jg clws[tn] a[Iff/f]k0f / ;+/If0f sfo{ jfx]ssf cGo Joj:yfx? sfof{Gjog
gu/fpg ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ lnlvt cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . ;fy} lgodfjnLsf]
lgod #& sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd :kli6s/0f dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] k]z u/]sf] :kli6s/0f k|fKt ePkl5 lgodfjnLsf]
lgod #& sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd :kli6s/0f k|fKt ePsf] ldltn]
a9Ldf !% lbg leq jg lkmtf{ lng] jf glng] / btf{ vf/]h ug]{ jf gug]{ lg0f{o ug'{
kg]{5 .
-%_ lgodfjnLsf] lgod #& sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd lg0f{o u/]kl5 ;f]
;fd'bflos jgsf] ;'/Iff / ;Dj4{g ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug'{ kg]{5 .

115
 cg';"rL–!
-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

;fd'bflos jg btf{sf] nflu lbOg] lgj]bg

>L lhNnf jg clws[t Ho",

lhNnf jg sfof{no==================
===========================.

jg P]g, @)$(, jg lgodfjnL, @)%! / ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%@ sf] clwgdf /xL ;+nUg
jg sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ b]xfosf] ;fj{hlgs hUufdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L ;+/If0f ul//x]sf] x'Fbf÷j[Iff/f]k0f u/L
Joj:yfkg / ;b'kof]u ug{ rfx]sf]n] o; pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{x'g hUufsf] :jfldTj /x]sf]
;+:yfsf] :jLs[lt ePsf] kq ;lxt of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f} .

-s_ k|Ztfljt ;fd'bflos jgsf] ljj/0f

gfdM
rf/ lsNnfM
If]qkmnM
ls= g+=M
hUufsf] :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yfsf] gfdM
j[Iff/f]k0f ePsf] ldltM

-v_ jGohGt' 5 5}g < 5g\ eg] s'g s'g hftsf jGohGt' 5gM

lgj]bs
======================
-pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{af6_

qm=;+= gfd kb b:tvt

!=
@=
#=
$=
ldltM

116
 cg';"rL–@
-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

;fd'bflos jg btf{ u/L dfGotf lbPsf] k|df0f kq

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
jg ljefu
lhNnf jg sfofno======

>L= = = = = = = = = = = = pkef]Qmf ;d"x

============
==============.

jg P]g, @)$(, jg lgodfjnL, @)%! / ;fd'bflos jgsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%@ sf] clwgdf /xL b]xfosf] If]q
o;};fy ;+nUg sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd Joj:yfkg u/L ;b'kof]u ug{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf dfGotf lbOPsf]
5.

;fd'bflos jgsf] ljj/0f

gfdM
rf/ lsNnfM
If]qkmnMM
hUufsf] :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yfsf] gfdM

k|df0fkq lbg] lhNnf jg clws[tsf]

gfd, y/M
b:tvtM
ldltM

b|i6JoM of] k|df0fkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf jf gfl;Pdf csf]{ k|df0fkq lng kRrL; ?k}of b:t'/ nfUg]5 .

117
 cg';"rL–#
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

National Database Code

k|To]s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] 5'§} Code /fVg' kg]{5 . Ps jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sf]8 csf]{ jg pkef]Qmf
;d"x;Fu gbf]xf]l/of]; eGg] p2]Zon] Code /fVg] k|lqmof lgDg adf]lhd to ul/Psf]] 5 M

!= lhNnfsf] # j6f cIf/ /fVg' kb{5 -lhNnfsf] Code tn lbOPsf]5 _

@= /]Ghkf]i6sf] @ j6f cIf/ /fVg' kb{5 / @ j6f cIf/ /fVbf csf]{ /]Ghkf]i6sf] klg pxL @ j6f cIf/
ePdf pko'Qm @ j6f cIf/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
#= cfˆgf] lhNnfdf ePsf ;j} uf= lj= ;= x?nfO{ gDj/ /fVg] h:tf] !,@,#,== / h'g uf= lj= ;= df
;DjlGwt jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x kb{5 Tof] uf= lj= ;= sf] Code df /fVg' kb{5 .
$= jg sfo{of]hgf gDj/ /fVbf Pp6f uf= lj= ;= sf] ! b]lv /fVg] / csf]{ uf= lj= ;= df km]/L !
gDj/b]lv z'? ug'{ kb{5 .

jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sf]8sf] pbfx/0fM

Nuw/BI/27/01
Nuw = Nuwakot
BI = Bidur Rangepost
27 = Bidur Nagar Palika
01 = jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sfo{ of]hgf gDa/

District Codes
District Code District Code
1. Achham ACH 11. Bhojpur BJP
2. Arghakhanchi ARG 12. Chitwan CHI
3. Baglung BGL 13. Dadeldhura DAD
4. Baitadi BAI 14. Dailekh DAI
5. Bajhang BAH 15. Dang DAN
6. Bajura BAJ 16. Darchula DAR
7. Banke BAK 17. Dhading DHA
8. Bara BAR 18. Dhankuta DHK
9. Bardiya BAD 19. Dhanusa DNS
10. Bhaktapur BHA 20. Dholkha DOL

118
 District Code District Code
21. Dolpa DPA 49. Okhaldhunga OKH
22. Doti DOT 50. Palpa PAL
23. Gorkha GOR 51. Panchthar PAN
24. Gulmi GUL 52. Parbat PBT
25. Humla HUM 53. Parsa PAR
26. Ilam ILM 54. Pyuthan PUT
27. Jajarkot JAJ 55. Ramechhap RAM
28. Jhapa JPA 56. Rasuwa RAS
29. Jumla JUM 57. Rautahat RAU
30. Kailali KAI 58. Rolpa ROL
31. Kalikot KAL 59. Rukum RUK
32. Kanchanpur KAN 60. Rupandehi RUP
33. Kapilbastu KAP 61. Salyan SAL
34. Kaski KAS 62. Sankhuwasabha SSB
35. Kathmandu KAT 63. Saptari SAP
36. Kabhrepalanchok KAB 64. Sarlahi SAR
37. Khotang KHO 65. Sindhuli SIN
38. Lalitpur LAL 66. Sindhupalchok SDP
39. Lamjung LAM 67. Siraha SIR
40. Mahottari MAH 68. Solukhumbu SOL
41. Makwanpur MAK 69. Sunsari SUN
42. Manang MAN 70. Surkhet SUR
43. Morang MOR 71. Syangja SYA
44. Mugu MUG 72. Tanahu TAN
45. Mustang MUS 73. Taplejung TAP
46. Myagdi MGD 74. Terhathum TTN
47. Nawalparasi NAW 75. Udayapur UDA
48. Nuwakot NUW

119
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] 6fFrfsf] gd"gf

s NUW

3 v 01 27

u B1

8fOld6/ !=$ -#=% ;L= Pd=_ OGrsf] uf]nfsf/df jLrdf ;fd'bflos jgsf] nf]uf]
/fVg] / rf/}lt/ lgDgfg';f/ National Database cg';f/ Code /fVg]

-s_ lhNnf Code

-v_ uf= lj= ;= Code
-u_ /]Ghkf]i6 Code
-3_ jg sfo{of]hgf Code

120
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf !) ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] 5fksf] gd"gf

8fOld6/ !=$-#=% ;L= Pd=_ OGrsf] uf]nfsf/df jLrdf ;fd'bflos jgsf] nf]uf] /fVg] / rf/}lt/
pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] gfd -;ldlt xf]Og_, :yfg, lhNnf / :yfkgf ;fn -x:tfGt/0f ;fn_ /fVg] .

121
 u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;]jf k|fKtL ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^!
:jLs[t ldltM @)^!.!!.@&

!= kl/roM of] lgb]{lzsf g]kfn /fHodf /fli6«o, If]qLo / lhnf :t/df ;~rfng x'g] jg If]q;Fu
;DjlGwt sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug{ u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmofsf]
sfo{ljlwsf] ?kdf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] lgb]{lzsf jg If]qdf ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh / lghL
If]qaLrsf] ;xsfo{ /0fgLlt @)^! -o;kl5 /0flgtL elgPsf]_ df cfwfl/t /xL cfly{s k|zf;g
;DjGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ -o;kl5 cfly{s lgodx? elgPsf]_ sf] cg's'n x'g] u/L tof/
ul/Psf] 5 . o; cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /ftf] lstfj (Red Book) dfkm{t jf l;w} e'Qmflg
(Direct Funding) sf] k|lqmofåf/f jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cGt{ut sfof{Gjog x'g] jg
If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{s|dx?sf] xsdf nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kfl/eflifs zJbfjnLM
-s_ æu}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosÆ eGgfn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 :yflkt gful/s ;dfh;Fu
;DjlGwt ;+:yfx? / gfkmfd"ns lghL If]qsf ;+:yfx? kb{5g .
-v_ ægful/s ;dfh;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx?Æ eGgfn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lxt / ;'ljwfsf] nflu
;]jf k|afx ug]{ jf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt gLlt tyf cEof;x?nfO{
k|efljt t'Nofpg] p2]Zon] ;Ful7t ;+:yfx? ;Demg' kb{5 . o; cGtu{t u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx? (NGOs), ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx? (CBOs) / pkef]Qmf ;d"xx? (User
Groups) klg kb{5g .

-u_ ælghL If]qsf ;+:yfx?Æ eGgfn] jg If]qsf] ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt lqmofsnfkx?sf]

sfof{Gjog ug]{ jf To;df ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ lghL If]qsf ;+:yfx?,
k/fdz{bft[ kmd{x?, sDkgLx?, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / JolQmut k/fdz{bftf ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-3_ æsfof{Gjog lgsfoÆ eGgfn] jg If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?
;Demg' kb{5 . o; cGtu{t b]xfosf ;+:yfx? kb{5gM–
s= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno / cGtu{tsf ljefux?, If]qLo lgb]{zgfnox? / lhNnf
l:yt sfof{no / o; cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?
v= jg If]qsf] sfo{qmd ug{ OR5's cGo sfo{sf/L lgsfox? h:t} dlxnf ljsf; ljefu
/ dftxtsf lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox?,
u= jg If]qsf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t sfo{ ug{ OR5's bft[ ;Fu7gx?, /
3= jg If]qsf] sfo{qmddf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] ljz]if sfo{qmd cGt{ut :yflkt ljleGg
txsf sfo{qmd ;xof]u OsfO{x? .
-ª_ æjflif{s of]hgfÆ eGgfn] sfof{Gjog lgsfoåf/f jif{el/ sfof{Gjog ug{ 5gf]6
u/]sf sfo{qmdx?, cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tx?, u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 lng] ;]jfsf]
ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu :jLlqmt ul/Psf] of]hgf ;Demg' kb{5 .

122
 -r_ æjg If]q ;dGjo ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sfo{sf/L lgsfo, :yfgLo lgsfo, gful/s ;dfh
nufotsf ax';+Vos ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æsfo{qmd ;xof]u OsfOÆ eGgfn] ;DjlGwt of]hgfx? tyf ljleGg txsf jg If]q ;dGjo
;ldltsf] lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ u7g ePsf OsfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æ;]jf k|bfos ;"rLÆ eGgfn] jg If]qdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf]
hfgsf/L ;lxtsf] clen]v ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æe'QmfgL ug]{ lgsfoÆ eGgfn] jflif{s of]hgfdf pNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu cfjZos
kg]{ jh]6 Joj:yf ug]{ lgsfo ;Demg' kb{5 . of] sfof{Gjog lgsfo jf bft[ lgsfo klg
x'g ;Sb5 .
-`_ æ/ftf] lstfaaf6 e'QmfgLÆ eGgfn] s'g} vf; lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
lgoldt of]hgf tyf ah]6 k|0ffnL cg'?k x'g] e'QmfgL ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ æl;wf e'QmfgLÆ eGgfn] s'g} lqmofsnfksf] nflu bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt
cfof]hgf dfkm{t x'g] e'QmfgL ;Demg' kb{5 . o; cGtu{t /ftf] lstfaaf6 e'QmfgL
afx]ssf ;j} e'QmfgLx? kb{5g .
#= ;dfGo Joj:yf
#=!= ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/L M ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] lgwf{/0f k|:tfljt lqmofsnfk jf cfof]
hgfsf] cg'dflgt nfutsf] cfwf/df k|rlnt cfly{s lgodx? cg';f/ x'g]5 . u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfos / ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/LaLr ;Demf}tf u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] lqmofsnfk jf
cfof]hgfx?sf] klxrfg jflif{s of]hgfdf g} ul/g]5 .
#=@= sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltM ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/Ln] k|To]s lqmofsnfk jf cfof]hgf nflu
36Ldf tLg hgf / a9Ldf kfFr hgf JolQmx? ;dfj]z ePsf] Ps sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldlt (Activity Management Committee) u7g ug]{5 . o; ;ldltdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf
k|ltlglwx?sf] k|ltlglwTj /xg]5 M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DjlGwt ljifout lgsfosf] k|ltlglw – ;+of]hs
-v_ ;DjlGwt ljifosf] lj1 – ;b:o
-u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ lgsfosf] k|zf;sLo÷n]vf k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-3_ cfof]hgf jf lqmofsnfksf] cfjZostfg';f/ cGo JolQmx? – ;b:o
sfo{Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{x? ug]{5 M
-s_ sfo{;"rLx? (Terms of References) tof/ ug]{,
-v_ k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{,
-u_ lglb{i6 k|lqmof adf]lhd u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] 5gf]6 ug]{,
-3_ ;Demf}tfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{,
-ª_ u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] sfdsf] cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
ug]{,
-r_ sfof{Gjog lgsfodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ .

123
 cfof]hgf jf lqmofsnfksf] s'n cg'dflgt vr{sf] clwstd kfFr k|ltzt /sd sfo{
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{;~rfng vr{ jfkt 5'6\ofOg]5 . To:tf] /sd vr{ ug]{
sfo{ljlwsf af/]df sfo{;"rLdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=#= u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;"rLM u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf]
clen]v s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / lhNnf :t/sf u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;]jf k|fKt
ug]{ lgsfox?n] /fVg' kg]{5 . sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;]jf k|fKtLsf] nflu oxL ;"lrsf]
pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;]jf k|bfos ;"rLnfO{ rfn" xfntdf /fVg o;nfO{ lgoldt ?kn] k|To]s jif{ cBfjlws
ul/g]5 . cBfjlws clen]v tof/ ubf{ ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] /]s8{nfO{ klg cfwf/
dflgg]5 . To;} u/L gofF u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ klg 5gf]6 u/L ;"lrlqmt ub}{
nlug]5 .
$= ;]jf k|fKtL ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw
$=!= lqmofsnfk jf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] tof/LM sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cg';"rL–! df
pNn]lvt 9fFrfdf sfo{;"rLx? (Terms of References-TOR) th'{df ug]{, cg'dflgt nfut
tof/ ug]{ / sfof{Gjogsf nflu pko'Qm ;Demf}tf 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
$=@= k|Ztfj cfXjfgsf k|lqmofx?M

$=@=! v'nf jf]nkqM ;Demf}tf ul/g] sfdsf] cfsf/ 7"nf] eO{ cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL
lgodx? adf]lhd v'nf jf]nkq cfXjfg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf k|lqmofx? lgDg
adf]lhd x'g]5gM
-s_ lk|Sjflnlkms];g k|:tfj cfXjfgM sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] k|:tfljt lqmofsnfk
jf cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?af6 cfzokq
(Expression of Interest) k|:t't ug{ !% b]lv #) lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt
ug]{5 . u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] lk|Sjflnlkms];gsf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx?
cg';"rL–$ df lbP cg';f/ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosåf/f JoQm cfzo / p;sf] of]Uotf ;d]tsf] cfwf/
df k|:tfljt sfdsf] lgldQ PseGbf a9L JolQmsf] ;+nUgtfdf ;DefJo
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] 5gf]6 ;"rL (Short List) tof/ ul/g]5 . u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfosx?sf] pko'Qmtf / 5gf]6sf cfwf/x? qmdzM cg';'rL–@s= / v= df
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5g . lk|Sjflnlkms];gsf] cfwf/df k|:tfljt sfdsf]
lgldQ tLgb]lv ^ j6f u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 5gf]6 ;"rLdf ;dfj]z
ul/g]5g . sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;ft lbg leq u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf]
5gf]6 ;"rL tof/ u/L ;Sg]5 .
-v_ lj:t[t k|:tfjsf] cfXjfgM lk|Sjflnlkms];gdf 5gf]6 ePsf u}/;/sf/L ;]jf
k|bfosx?jf6 cg';'rL–% df pNn]lvt :k];Llkms];gsf] 9fFrfdf b'O{–b'O{ k|lt
cfly{s / k|fljlws k|:tfjx? j]Unfj]Un} l;njGbL vfddf k]; ug{ cfXjfg ul/g]

124
 5 . k|:tfljt sfdsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?jf6 k|:tfj
k]z ug{ !% b]lv #) lbgsf] ;do pknJw u/fOg]5 . k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5 pQm
k|:tfj /Ltk"j{ssf] eP gePsf] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt cfj]bsnfO{ btf{ gDj/ ;lxt
lbOg]5 . Dofb gflw cfPsf] jf l/t gk'uL k]z ePsf] k|:tfj pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL
ul/g] 5}g .
$=@=@ l;ldt jf]nkqM ;Demf}tf ul/g] sfd cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL lgodx?n]
tf]lslbPsf] l;df leq ePsf], ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfdsf jf/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L
ePsf], sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;"rLaf6 pko'Qm
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf ePsf]df l;ldt jf]nkqsf]
k|lqmof cjnDjg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; k|lqmof cGt{ut lk|Sjflnlkms];g r/0fsf] ;§f
sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;"rLaf6 36Ldf tLga6f
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] 5gf]6 ug]{5 . o;kl5sf jf]nkqsf k|lqmof cg';f/
v'nf jf]nkqsf] lgldQ dfly plNnlvt $=@=!-v_ k|lqmofx? cg'?k g} x'g]5 .
$=@=#= ;f]em} jftf{ k|lqmofåf/fM jf]nsaf]n ;DjGwL sfo{ljlwx? k'/f ul//xg' gkg]{ plrt
sf/0fx? ljBdfg 5g eGg] s'/fdf ;DjlGwt sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ljZj:t
ePdf ;f]sf nflu Ps tx dflysf] lgsfo ;dIf :jLlqmltsf] nflu k]z ug]{5 .
b]xfosf] s'g} Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf jf]nsaf]nsf] k|lqmof
u/L /xg' kg]{5}g .
-s_ c;kmn jf]nsaf]n k|lqmofM–o;eGbf clwsf] jf]nsaf]n ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw
c;kmn ePsf] lyof] eg] ,
-v_ ;dosf] pNn]vlgo (Substantial) rfk–k|ltikwf{Tds ?kn] af]nsaf]nsf]
sfo{ljlw k"/f ug{ kof{Kt ;do gePdf,
-u_ ljz]if sfd (Uniqueness)–k|fKt ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf ljz]if k|sf/sf] 5 /
;f]sf nflu PseGbf a9L ;]jf k|bfosx? pknJw x'g g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf .
%= u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] d"NofÍg / 5gf]6
%=!= k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgM sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] k|zf;sLo cfjZostfx? k"/f ePsf]
k|:tfjx?sf] hfFra'em / d"NofÍg ug]{5 . d"NofÍsg ;ldltdf /xg] k|To]s ;b:on]
cg';"rL–^ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|:tfjx?df 5'§f5'§} cÍ k|bfg ug]{5g . o;sf] cfwf/
df k|:tfjx?sf] cÍ tflnsf tof/ u/L /flvg]5 . x/]s ;b:ox?af6 lbOPsf] cÍ hf]8L
k|:tfjn] k|fKt u/]sf] s"n cÍsf] u0fgf ul/g]5 / s'g} klg k|:tfjsn] 5gf]6 x'gsf] nflu
Go"gtd &) k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df s'g} klg k|:tfj
5gf]6 x'g g;s]df k'gM af]nkq cfXjfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
jf]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt e'Qmfg ePsf] ;ft sfo{ lbg leq k|:tfj 5gf]6 ;DjGwL
sfo{ljlw k"/f ul/;Sg'kg]{5 . d"NofÍgdf ;j}eGbf pko'Qm 7xl/Psf] u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfossf] 5gf]6 u/L ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;DjlGwt u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 . d"NofÍgdf To;kl5 ;j}eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt u/]s u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{
j}slNks ?kdf /flvg]5 . 5gf]6 ;DjGwL lg0f{o pk/ s'g} k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5}g . bIftf /

125
 l;ksf] h?/tsf] cfwf/df lhNnf:t/Lo lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;]jf
k|bfosnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
k|:tfjx?sf] sj'n cÍ cg'dflgt nfuteGbf a9L x'g cfPdf 5gf]6 ePsf u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfosx?aLr jftf{åf/f k|ltikwf{ u/fOg]5 . o;qmddf ;j}eGbf 36L /sd sj'n
ug]{ u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] k|:tfj :jLls[t ul/g]5 . o;f] ubf{ klg ;j}eGbf 36L /
sd sj'n ug]{ k|:tfjssf] sj'n cÍ klg cg'dflgt nfutsf] bz k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g
uPdf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] :jLlqmt lnO{ 5gf]6 ul/g]5 .
k|:tfjsn] k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ qmddf x'g uPsf] vr{sf] e'QmfgL lbOg]
5}g .

%=@= JolQmut k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf]6 M ;fdfGotof ;d"xut ?kdf ;]jf k|bfosx?sf]

cfjZostf gkg]{ / s'g} vf; JolQmsf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf / cg'ej g} ;jf{lws
dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf sfdx?sf] lgldQ JolQmut tj/af6 k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf]6
ul/g]5 . JolQmut tj/af6 k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf]6 k|:tfljt sfdsf] k|lqmlt;Fu pgLx?sf]
of]Uotfsf] tfbDotfsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 . k|tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ cfzo k|s6 ug]{ jf
;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/L dfkm{t ;Lwf ;Dks{df cfPsf 36Ldf tLg hgf pDd]bjf/
x?sf] of]Uotfsf] t'ngfTds cWoogsf] cfwf/df ;j}eGbf pko'Qm 7xl/Psf] JolQmnfO{
k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/g]5 . k|:tfljt sfdsf] cg'dflgt nfut bz nfv
?k}ofeGbf a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf pko'Qm k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ;DjGwL ;"rgf
/fli6«o :t/sf] kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] k/fdz{bftfx?n]
k|:tfljt sfdsf] lgldQ lgwf{l/t of]Uotfx? k"/f u/]sf] / tf]lsPsf] sfd ;Ifdtfsf] ;fy
;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf xfl;n u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfsf] Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg lghsf]
k[i7fe"ld, cg'ej cg';f/ :yflgo cj:yfsf] 1fgsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
lgDgfg';f/ ljz]if kl/l:ylt cfOk/]sf] cj:yfdf Psn ;|f]t (Sole Source) sf] cfwf/df
s'g} JolQmnfO{ k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ xfn k|:tfljt sfd o;k"j{ ;Dkflbt sfds} lg/Gt/tf xf] / ;f] sfdsf nflu
k/fdz{bftf k|lt:kwf{Tds cfwf/df 5gf]6 ePsf] lyof] eg],
-v_ s'g} sfd tTsfn} k/fdz{bftfx? dfkm{t ;DkGg ug{ h?/L 5 eg] /
-u_ s'g} vf; sfdsf nlfu vf; JolQm dfq} k/fdz{bftf x'gsf nflu of]Uo 5 eg] .
o;/L Psn ;|f]tsf] cfwf/df k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf]6 Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] :jLls[tL
o;/L dfq ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^= u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ;Dem}tfM k|:tfljt cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdsf] ljz]iftf jf
cfjZostfsf cfwf/df ;Demf}tf ug]{ s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos;Fu
;Dem}tf ubf{ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L ;Demf}tfsf tl/sfx? pkof]u ul/g]5 M

^=! ;Demf}tfsf tl/sfM oL ;j} ;Demf}tfsf tl/sfx?sf] ljj/0f / tLlgx?sf] pkof]lutfsf

jf/]df cg';l" r–# df pnn]v ul/Psf] 5

126
 s= ;+:yfut ;Demf}tfM (Institutional Contracts)
!= Psd'i7 ;Demf}tf (Lump sum Contracts)
@= ;dodf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf (Time Based Contracts)
#= 9fFrfut ;Demf}tf (Framework Contracts)
$= ;+o'Qm pkqmd (Consoritum)
%= pk;Demf}tf (Subcontracting)
v= JolQmut ;Demf}tf (Individual Contracts)
^=@ ;Demf}tfsf r/0f
^=@=! jftf{M jftf{sf ljifoj:t'x? sfo{;"rL (TOR), sfo{;Dkfbg ljlw, ;do
tflnsf,sd{rf/L ;DjGwL Joj:yf, sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;'emfjx? /
;Demf}tfsf zt{x? x'g]5g . jftf{ kZrft tof/ ul/Psf] clGtd TOR cg';f/
;Demf}tf x'g]5 . 5gf]6 ul/Psf] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos;Fusf] jftf{n] jfl~5t
kl/0ffd lbg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] pQm u}/;/sf/L ;]jf
k|bfos;Fusf] jftf{ lgodfg';f/ e+u ug]{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 / ;DjlGwt sfof{Gjog
lgsfon] To;kl5sf] bf];f| ] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ jftf{sf] nflu af]nfpg]5 .
^=@=@ ;Demf}tfsf] :jLs[ltM jftf{ eO ;s]kl5 ;f]sf] kl/0ffdsf] jf/]df sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldltn] sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 . ;Demf}tfsf
sfuhkqx?df ;Dkfbg ul/g'kg]{ sfdsf] If]q, pknJwL, ;do tflnsf tyf
;DjlGwt u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos / sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf clwsf/ /
bfloTjx?sf] jf/]df :ki6 pNn]v x'g]5 . o; cltl/Qm ;Demf}tfsf ;fdfGo zt{x?,
pknlIw / ;]jfsf] ;DjGwdf s'g} ljz]if zt{x? ePdf ;f] ;d]t / k|:tfljt
sfdsf] sfo{:ynsf jf/]df klg pNn]v ul/g]5 . ;Demf}tf kq;fy ;dfj]z x'g'
kg]{ ;DjlGwt hfgsf/Lx?sf] ;"rL cg';"rL–& df / ;Demf}tfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–&
s= df lbOPsf 5g\ .
^=# ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wgM ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf t/ k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg]
ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] sf/0f cTofjZos 7flgPsf jf d"n ;Demf}tfaf6
5'6\ofpg} g;lsg] s'g} ck|Toflzt sfo{ cfOk/]sf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf] ;+zf]wg cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL lgodx¿ cg';f/
;Demf}tf /sdsf] !% k|ltzt;Dd ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq} ug{ ;lsg]5 .
&= cg'udg tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
&=! cg'udg tyf d'NofÍgM u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] sfdsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg
sfo{ of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df ;DjlGwt sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldltåf/f lgoldt ?kdf ul/g]5 . ;]jf k|flKtsf] nflu ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;'kl/j]if0f / lgb]{zgdf /xL ;Demf}tf /
;f] ;fy ;+nUg sfo{;"rL (TOR) df pNn]v eP cg';f/ sfo{x? ug]{5 . pbfx/0fsf]
?kdf cg'udg tyf d'NofÍgsf ;"rsx? cg';"rL–* df lbOPsf]5 . ;DjlGwt
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{;"rLdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ cfjlws -k|f/lDes, dWofjlw

127
 / clGtd_ k|ltj]bg ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt k|ltj]bgsf] sfo{
Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 d"NofÍg x'g]5 .
&=@ ;fj{hlgs Pj+ ;]jfu|fxL n]vf k/LIf0fM of]hgfut 9fFrfdf :yfgLo:t/sf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?sf] ;fy} cGo u}/;/sf/L ;]jf
k|bfosx?af6 ;Dkfbg ul/Psf sfdsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ug]{ pko'Qm dfWodsf] ?kdf
;]jfu|fxL n]vfk/LIf0f (Client Audit) k2tLnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
lqofsnfkx?sf] lgldQ ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f (Public Audit) ubf{ sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf sDtLdf Ps hgf k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf ;d"xn] ;]jfu|fxL
n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{5 .
;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;]jfu|fxL s'g} ljefu jf jg If]q ;dGjo ;ldlt ePdf o; lsl;dsf]
;]jfu|fxL n]vfk/LIf0f sfof{Gjog lgsfoåf/f ul/g]5 . s'g} ljefu jf dxfzfvfsf] lgldQ
sfd u/]sf] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfd / To;af6 k|fKt glthfx?
;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] a[xQ/ k|ltlglwTj ePsf] j}7sdf k|:t't ug]{ / To; ;DjGwdf ljrf/
ljdz{ u/fpg]5 .
;]jfu|fxL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs b'j} lsl;dsf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
:jLs[tL ;lxtsf] ljlwjt dfOGo'6 g} ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
dflgg]5 .

*= e'QmfgLsf ljlwx?M e'QmfgLsf ljlwx? ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ a9Ldf rf/ ls:tfdf
ug]{ u/L lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5g . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg e'QmfgLx? ;]jfk|bfossf]
gfdsf] PsfpG6k]oL r]saf6 ul/g]5 . of]hgfsf] nIo / pknJwLaLr cGt/;DjGw
sfod x'g] u/L e'QmfgLsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . x/]s ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL ;Djå
sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cfjlws cg'udg k|ltj]bg / l;kmfl/z cg';f/ x'g]5 . clGtd
ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL dfly kl/R5]b &=@ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;]jfu|fxL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] kl/0ffd ;d]tdf lge{/ x'g]5 .
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;Dkflbt sfdx?af6 sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt jf n]vf
k/LIfs ;Gt'i6 gePdf jf lgwf{l/t ;doleq sfd ;DkGg gePdf To:tf] u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfosnfO{ klxn] g} e'QmfgL e} ;s]sf] /sd lgodfg';f/ c;'n pk/ ug]{ / e'QmfgLsf
kl5Nnf ls:tfx? /f]Ssf /fVg] clwsf/ sfof{Gjog lgsfonfO{ x'g]5 .
(= s/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM sfof{Gjog lgsfon] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL lbFbfsf]
cj:yfdf g} k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhdsf s/x? s§f ug]{5 . ;]jf k|bfosn] ;DjlGwt
s/ clws[taf6 hf/L ul/Psf] s/ 5'6sf] k|df0fkq k]z u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq} s/x? s§f ul/g]
5}g .
!)= ljjfbsf] ;dfwfgM sfo{;"rLsf] JofVof tyf sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf
jftf{ Pj+ ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df ;dfwfg ul/g]5 . ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] s'/f s'g} Ps kIfn]
csf]{ kIfnfO{ ;"lrt u/]sf] #% lbg leq klg ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df Ps tx dflysf] lgsfo
;dIf k|:t't ul/g]5 / ;f] lgsfosf] lg0f{o b'j} kIfsf nflu clGtd / jfWofTds x'g]5 .

128
!!= ;Demf}tfsf] ;dfKtL ;DjGwL Joj:yfM ;Demf}tfsf] ;dfKtLsf zt{x? sfof{Gjog lgsfo /
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaLr ul/g] ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 ?kn] pNn]v ul/g]5g . ;Demf}tfsf]
;dflKtsf ljleGg sf/0fx? tn pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5g M
!!=!= k"j{ ;dflKtM ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} kIfnfO{ csf]{ kIfn] ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf bfloTjx?sf] kfngf
u/]sf] 5}g eGg] ljZjf; ePdf jf u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] ;Demf}tfsf] If]q pNn3+g
u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf lj:j:t ePdf k|yd kIfn] bf];|f] kIfnfO{ ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? pNn+3g
ePsf] jf ;Demf}tfsf] If]q aflx/ uPsf] pNn]v u/L lnlvt ;"rgf lbg]5 .
!!=@ cfly{s lxgfldgfM ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt /sd lxgfldgf ug]{ jf tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;DkGg gu/L
k6s k6s r]tfjgL lbFbf klg plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ljgf g} ;Demf}tfsf] pNn+3g ug]{
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos;Fusf] ;Demf}tf tf]8L o;jf6 x'g uPsf] cfly{s lxgfldgf ePhtL
;j} c;'n pk/ ;d]t u/L eljiodf jg If]qsf sfo{qmdx?df jf]nkqsf] k|lt:kwf{df efu
lng gkfpg] u/L cof]Uo 3f]lift ul/g'sf ;fy} o:tf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ s;'/sf] dfqf x]/L
sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg ;lsg]5 .
!@= sfnf] ;"rLdf /flvg]M u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ dfly bkmf !!=@ df pNn]lvt s;"/sf]
cfwf/df s'g} vf; cjlw jf ;w}sf] nflu sfnf];"rLdf /fVg ;lsg]5 . ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;j}
lhNnf, If]q / /fli6«o:t/df ;d]t lbOg]5 . sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog lgsfosf]
l;kmfl/;df Ps tx dflysf] lgsfoaf6 ul/g]5 . t/ ;DjlGwt ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf
/fVg] l;kmfl/;sf] lg0f{o ug'{ clw ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 ;kmfO{sf] df}sf lbOg]5 .
sfnf];"rLdf /flvPsf] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] cfˆgf] uNtL ;RofPdf / ;DjlGwt sfof{Gjog
lgsfo ;dIf eljiodf c;n cfr/0f ug]{ ljZj;gLo cfwf/ k|:t't u/]df sfnf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg
;lsg]5 . o;/L sfnf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o ;DjlGwt sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] l;kmfl/;df Ps
tx dflysf] lgsfoaf6 x'g]5 .
!#= k'g/fj]bgsf] clwsf/M u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ ;DjlGwt sfof{Gjog lgsfon] lg0f{o
k|lqmofdf o; lgb]{lzsfsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] 5 jf e|i6frf/ jf clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] 5
eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ ePdf ;f] lg0f{o lj?¢ k|rlnt P]g, sfg"g cg';f/
k'g/fj]bg ug]{5 . pQm lg0f{osf lj?¢df k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 . k'g/fj]bg u/]s} sf/0fn] sfof{Gjog k|lqmof :ylut x'g]5}g .
!$= ljz]if Joj:yfM ljlwjt ?kdf ;Demf}tf geP;Dd o; lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} klg s'/fn]
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] kIfdf s'g} lsl;dsf] sfg"gL clwsf/ l;h{gf ug]{5}g . ;DjlGwt
;]jf k|bfos k|lt s'g} bfloTj glnO{ / p;nfO{ s'g} ;"rgf g} glbO{ af]nsaf]n k|lqmof /2 ug]{
/ ;Demf}tf ;DkGg gx'Fbf;Dd k|fKt x'g cfPsf ;j} k|:tfjx? c:jLsf/ ug]{ clwsf/ ;DjlGwt
sfof{Gjog lgsfodf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . t/, sfof{Gjog lgsfon] o;sf] sf/0f eg] v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
!%= k|rlnt sfg"g nfu" x'g] M o; lgb]{lzsfsf k|fjwfgx? k|rlnt sfg"g;Fu aFflemPsf] cj:yfdf
afFlemPsf] xb;Dd k|rlnt sfg"gs} Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .

129
 cg';"rL–!
-bkmf $=! ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
sfo{;"rL (TOR) sf] ljifo;"rL
!= ;fdfGo hfgsf/L
cg'/f]w ug]{ -dGqfno jf cGtu{t_
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] kIf -k/fdz{bftf_
lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L
@=p2]Zo
7f];÷j:t'ut
#= k|:tfljt sfdsf] k[i7e"ld
nlIft ;d"x jf ;d"bfo
e|d0f ul/g] If]qx?
e|d0f sfo{qmd
xfn;Dd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;xfotf / To;af6 k|fKt
pknJwL
ljBdfg l:ylt jt{dfg cj:yf
$=b[li6sf]0f
If]q
lqmofsnfk / sfdx?
6f]nL g]tf
agf]6
;xstf{x? (Counterparts)
cfjZos bIftf
k|d'v ;"rgfbftfx?
%= pknJwLx?
pknJwLx?
^= k|ltj]bg
d:of}bf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ldlt
clGtd k|ltj]bg k|:t't ldlt
efiff
ljt/0f
&= ;Demf}tf cjlw
z'? ldlt clGtd ldlt
;do tflnsf
vf; rflxg] ;xfotf -sfo{ lbgdf_

130
 *= jh]6 -cfjZos hfgsf/L k|zf;gaf6 k|fKt
ug]{_
s"n nfut
jh]6sf] ;|f]t . nufgL nfut sf]8 nfut s]Gb|
sfo{s|d ;~rfngsf] nufgL k|ltzt
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] nufgLsf] k|ltzt
pkef]Qmfx?sf] nufgL k|ltzt
;]jf k|bfosx?sf] nufgL k|ltzt
ah]6sf] afF8kmfF8 -k"/f cfof]hgfsf] nflu_
;+:yf / :+:yfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx? :jo+ ljldt
x'g' kg]{
(= sfo{Joj:yfkg ;ldltåf/f pknJw u/fOg'
kg]{ ;xfotf
tYofÍx?
k|ltj]bgx?
oGq, pks/0f / sd{rf/Lx?
kl/ro kq
kqfrf/ cflb

!)= k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu sfuhkqx?

!!= :jLs[t ug]{

sfof{Gjog lgsfo k/fdz{bftf÷u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos
gfdM gfdM
bhf{M bhf{M
;xLM ;xLM
ldltM ldltM

131
 cg';"rL–@ -s_
-bkmf $-@_-!_-s_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] nflu of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? (Eligibility Criteria)
!= k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd clgjfo{ ?kn] btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

;+:yfsf] k|s[lt btf{;Fu ;DjlGwt k|rlnt sfg"g

jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x jg P]g tyf lgodfjnL
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx? ;+:yf btf{ P]g
;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;xsf/L P]g
Psn :jfldTj jf ;fem]bf/L ;+:yfx? k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6]«zg P]g
k|fOe]6 / klAns sDkgL sDkgL P]g
;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /f= lg= tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g tyf
lgodfjnL
@= ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 cBfjlws ?kdf gljs/0f u/fPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
#= k|:tfljt lqmofsnfk -;Demf}tf ul/g]_ ;+:yfsf] ljwfgdf pNn]lvt p2]Zo;Fu d]n vfg] x'g'kg]{5 .
$= k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf Ifdtf / cg'ej ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
%= k|fljlws ?kdf ;Ifd x'g'kg]{5 .
^= ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf -o;sf] k|jGw ;ldltdf_ Ps} kl/jf/sf 5f]/f5f]/L, efOalxgL, sfsfsfsL,
nf]Ug]:jf:gL, elthfelthL jf ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a;f]jf; ug]{ s'g} klg gftf ;DjGwsf PshgfeGbf a9L
JolQm ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'xb' }g .
&= sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt jf ;DjlGwt bft[ ;+:yfsf] ;b:o ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L jf lghsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o x'g'x'b}g .
*= s'g} klg lgsfoaf6 o; lgb]{lzsfsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd sfnf] ;"rLdf /flvPsf] x'g'x'b}g .
( sfnf] ;"rLdf /flvPsf] ;Fu7gsf] 5B ;Fu7gsf] ?kdf v8f ul/Psf] x'g'x'b}g .

132
 cg';"rL–@ -v_
:yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfsf 5gf]6sf cfwf/x?
(Screening Criteria)

;+:yfsf] gfdM 7]ufgfM

lhNnfM ldltM

:yfkgf ldlt–sfo{qmdM
s"n k|fKtf+s

5gf]6sf cfwf/x? k|fKtf+s

;+:yfsf] ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] ljifo
dfudf cfwfl/t /x]/ th'{df ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf
of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;DjGwL Ifdtf
;+:yfsf] kl/sNkgf (Vision), p2]Zo / nIox?
j}wflgs kIfx? -btf{ eP÷gePsf], s/ lt/]÷glt/]sf]_
n]vf / clen]v k|0fnL -Ifdtf kf/blz{tf / kx"Fr_
;+rf/ Pj+ sfo{qmd ;xof]uL k|zf;g -bIftf / kof{Kttf_
cfly{s gLlt / sfo{ljlwx?
;|f]t pknJwtfsf] l:ylt -sfof{no, sfof{no ;fdfg, pks/0f cflb_
hgzlQmsf] ljBdfgtf / bIftf
d'Vo d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;dGjo
o:t} k|s[ltsf ;+:yfx?;Fusf] cfjåtf
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog :ynnfO{ sfo{If]q agfO{ cfPsf] k|:tfj
;+:yfsf] d"No / dfGotf
;+:yfsf] sfo{ k|0ffnL
5gf]6sf cfwf/x?sf] ef/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{

133
 cg';"rL–#
bkmf ^=! ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

;Demf}tfsf k|sf/x?
c= ;+:yfut ;Demf}tfM (Institutional Contracts)

s= Psd'i7 ;Demf}tf (Lump sum Contracts) M u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|fKt ul/g]
;]jfsf] ljifoj:t' / ;dofjlw Plsg ePsf sfo{x?sf] lgldQ ljz]iftM Psd'i7 ;Demf}tf ug]{
ul/G5 . ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf of]hgfx? jgfpg], ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{, tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ug]{ h:tf
sfdx?sf] lgldQ o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf k|0ffnL k|d'v ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 . o; lsl;dsf]
;Demf}tf k|0ffnLdf ;Demf}tfsf] /sd e'QmfgLnfO{ ;fdfGotof pknJwL -h:t} k|ltj]bg_ ;Fu cfj¢ ug]{
ul/G5 . e'QmfgL k2tLnfO{ ;':ki6 ?kn] kl/eflift p2]Zox?;Fu cfj¢ ul/g] x'Fbf o; lsl;dsf]
;Demf}tf k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] x'G5 .
v= ;dodf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf (Time Based Contracts) M ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt sfo{ cGo
kIfx?;Fu klg ;DjlGwt eO{ To:tf] sfo{ ;dfkg x'g] ;do km/s kg{ hfg] sf/0f pknJw u/fOg]
;]jfsf] If]q / lj:tf/ yfxf kfpg sl7gfO{ ePsf] cj:yfdf jf u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k'/fO{g' kg]{
;]jf;Fu ;DjlGwt p2]Zox? xfl;n ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sfo{tTjx? (Inputs) sf] k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg]
cj:yfdf o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf k|0ffnL pko'Qm 7flgG5 . hl6n k|s[ltsf cWoogx?, lqmofsnfksf
;'k/Lj]If0fx?, ;Nnfxsf/ ;]jfx? / tflnd;Fu ;DjlGwt clwsf+z sfdx?sf] lgldQ o; lsl;dsf]
;Demf}tf k|0ffnLsf] Jofks ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 . o; k¢tLdf e'QmfgL k|0ffnL b'j} kIfaLr
dGh'/L eP cg';f/ 306fsf] lx;fjn], b}lgs, ;fKtflxs jf dfl;s -h;sf] jf/]df ;Demf}tfdf g}
pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5_ ?kdf jf jf:tljs vr{sf] cfwf/df kl5 e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L Jojl:yt
ul/Psf] x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tfdf ;DjlGwt u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL
ul/g] s"n /sdsf] clwstd cÍ pnn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] clwstd cÍdf sfd ug]{ ;dodf
cfOkg]{ ck|Tofl;t vr{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sd / d"Nosf] ;dfof]hgsf jf/]df klg pNn]v
ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 / u}/;/sf/L ;]jf
k|bfosaf6 e'QmfgLsf] nflu bfjL ul/Psf /sdx? o;sf] sfo{;Dkfbg :t/;Fu tfnd]n /fVb5g eGg]
s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] lgldQ o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf k|0ffnLdf ;Demf}tfsf] kIfaf6 lgoldt / lg/Gt/
cg'udg / k|zf;gsf] vfFrf] kb{5 .
u= 9fFrfut ;Demf}tf (Framework Contracts) : 9fFrfut ;Demf}tf sfo{;Dkfbgsf nflu of]Uo
7xl/Psf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;d"x;Fu ug{ ;lsg]5 . hl6n
k|lqmltsf cfof]hgfx?, hxfF Pp6f a[xt\ ;Demf}tf leq w]/} lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g,
ToxfF tL lqmofsnfkx? aLr cfjZos ;dGjo sfod ug{sf nflu o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf a9L
pkof]uL 7xl/G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf ;dodf cfwfl/t (Time Based) x'G5 / ;DjlGwt
u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] vf; vf; sfdx?sf] klxrfg / tLgLx?sf] lj:t[t
of]hgfut 9fFrf ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
3= ;+o'Qm pkqmd (Consoritum) b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ;Fu7gx?sf] Ps cfk;df ldln ;+o'Qm k|:tfj
k|:t't ug{ rfx]df ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] lgdf{0f u/L To:tf] ;+o'Qm pkqmddf ;xefuL x'g] k|To]s u}/;/
sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] e"ldsf, lhDd]jf/L / sfg"gL bfloTjsf] af/]df pNn]v x'g] u/L cfk;L ;Demf}tf
ub{5g . o:tf] ;+o'Qm pkqmddf g]t[TjbfoL u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] sfof{Gjog lgsfo;Fu ;Demf}tf
ug]{ / sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;Fu ;Dks{ ;|f]tsf] e"ldsf ;d]t lgjf{x ug]{5 .
ª pk;Demf}tf (Subcontracting) M sfo{;Dkfbgsf] nflu 5flgPsf] s'g} u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn]
;fdfGotof k|lt:kwf{sf] h?/t gkg]{ s'g} vf; sfd pk;Demf}tf dfkm{t u/fpg ;Sg]5 . o;sf nflu
k|ltikwf{df 5flgPsf] u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosn] ;DjlGwt sfdsf] kf/blz{tf / k|lt:kwf{TdstfnfO{

134
 sfod} /fVb} s'g} vf; sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu ;j}eGbf of]Uo 7flgPsf / cg';"rL–@ df pNn]lvt
cfwf/df 5gf]6 ul/Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?, jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?, dlxnf ;d"xx? h:tf
ck|ltof]uL u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ nufpg]5 .
cf= JolQmut ;Demf}tf (Individual Contracts)
;d"x (Team) sf] cfjZostf gkg]{ / JolQmut Ifdtf, of]Uotf / cg'ej g} ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{
x'g] sfdsf] nflu ;fdfGotof JolQmut k/fdz{bftfx?sf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{] ul/G5 . w]/} JolQmx?sf]
;+nUgtf eO{ ;dGjo sfod ug{, k|;f;g ;~rfng ug{ cyjf ;fd"lxs lhDd]jf/L ;'Dkg cK7]/f]
kg]{ cj:yfdf ;+:yfut ?kdf g} sfddf nufpg' pko'Qm ljsnk x'g;S5 . JolQm;Fu ul/g] ;Demf}tfx?
Psd'i7 ?kdf jf ;dodf cfwfl/t eP/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

135
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf $=@=!-s_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
lk|Sjflnlkms];gsf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx?

cfzokqsf ;fy b]xfosf sfuhkqx? ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5

! u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfossf] btf{ k|df0fkq / To;sf] jflif{s gjLs/0fkq

@ cfos/ btf{ k|df0fkq
#= ;]jf k|bfossf] ljwfg
$= sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf ;b:ox?÷z]o/xf]N8/x?÷kf6{g/x? / k|f]kfO6/x?sf] ;"rL
%= u}/;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu To:tf] u}/;/sf/L
;]jf k|bfossf] ljZj;gLotf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df b]xfosf pkfox? ;d]t cjnDjg ug{ ;lsg]5 M

;]jf k|bfos ;]jf k|bfosf cfwf/x?

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yf÷jg pkef]Qmf ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] k|d'v jf af]8{ ;b:osf] JolQmut hdfgL
;d"xx?÷:yfgLo Snjx?, cflb÷;fgf / xfn;fn} cyjf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt, u};; dxf;+3,
:yflkt :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, uf=lj=;= sf] l;kmfl/z OToflb .
:yflkt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf cflb ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] k|d'v jf af]8{ ;b:osf] JolQmut hdfgL
cyjf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt, u};; dxf;+3,
lh=lj=;= sf] l;kmfl/; OToflb .
sDkgL, ;fem]bf/L jf k|fOe]6 kmd{ h:tf lghL ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] k|d'v jf af]8{ ;b:osf] JolQmut hdfgL
If]q cyjf s"n /sdsf] Go"gtd %Ü n] x'g cfpg] j}+s Uof/]G6L

^= k|:tfljt cfof]hgf tyf lqmofsnfkx?sf] lgldQ cfjZos kg]{ bIftf, of]Uotf / ljlzi6tfnfO{ k|dfl0ft
ug]{ sfuhftx? .

136
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf $=@=!-v_ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf

k|:tfjsf b]xfo adf]lhd b'O{ efu x'g]5g\ -s_ k|fljlws efu, /-v_ ljQLo efu

s= k|fljlws efu (Technical Part)

!= ;Ë7gsf] ;+lIfKt k|f]kmfOn, k"j{ cg'ej / rfn' ultljlwx?
@= ;d:ofsf] pNn]v / ;d:ofsf sf/0fx?
#= pNn]lvt ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgfy{ k|:tfljt ljlwx?
$= k|:tfljt ;do tflnsf / lqmofsnfkx? ;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf
%= sfo{;"rLsf af/]df l6Kk0fLx? (Comments on the TOR)
^= k|:tfljt sfo{sf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm (Human Resources Proposed for the Program)
&= sfo{qmdsf k|utL ;"rsx? (Performance indicators of the programme)
*= ;f]r tflnsf -nukm|]d_ -?= %,)),))).– eGbf a9Lsf k|:tfjx?sf nflu dfq_
(= lbuf]kgfsf] ljZj;lgotfsf] cfwf/
!)= sfdsf] Follow up ug]{
!!= jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg -jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgb]{lzsf cg';f/_

v= cfly{s efu (Financial Part)

!= k|:tfljt lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu ah]6sf] afF8kmfF8 (Budget breakdown for the proposed activity)
@= ;]jf k|bfosaf6 x'g] of]ubfg -cfjZos ePdf dfq}_ (Contribution of service provider)
#= c?x?af6 x'g] of]ubfg -cfjZos ePdf dfq}_ (Contribution of the other)
$= nlIft ;d"xsf] of]ubfg

k|:tfj;fy ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ sfuhftx? (List of the documents to be attached with the proposal)
!= k]zfut ;d"xsf ;b:ox? / ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] afof]8f6f (Bio-data of professional team members and
resource persons)
@= btf{ k|df0fkq / jflif{s gljs/0f (Registration certificate +annual renewal)
#= ;Ë7gsf] ljwfg / lgodx? -cfjZos ePdf dfq_ (Charater and the rules(if any) of the
orginasation)
$= af]8{sf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL (Name list of the board Members)
%= n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg -cfjZos ePdf dfq_ (Audit Reports (if any))
^= rfn" cfof]hgfx?sf] ;"rL (List of ongoing projects)
&= cGo ;Da¢ sfuhftx? (Any other relevant document)

137
 cg';"rL–^
-bkmf %=! ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

k|:tfjx?sf] 5gf]6sf cfwf/x? (Criteria) / cÍ tflnsf

cÍ tflnsf
x/]s cfwf/x? (Criteria) sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd Ps b]lv kfFr cÍ;Dd k|bfg ul/g]5 M -!_Hofb} g/fd|f],
-@_ g/fd|f], -#_ l7s}, -$_ /fd|f], -%_ Hofb} /fd|f] . o;/L k|bfg ul/g] cÍnfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t Factor n] u'0fg
u/Lg]5 . ;Demf}tfsf] lgldQ of]Uo 7xl/g ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] s"n cÍsf] Go"gtd &)Ü cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .

5gf]6sf cfwf/x? cÍ
!= ;]jf s= s] ;]jf k|bfosn] ;Gtf]ifhgs 9Ën] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos of]
k|bfossf] Uotf / bIftf k|blz{t u/]sf] 5 < s] ;]jf k|bfos;Fu sfo{ ;Dkfbg
cg'ej / ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t / 1fg tyf cg'ej kof{Kt dfqfdf pknAw
Track 5g <
record v= ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g
u/]sf] 5 <
u= ;]jf;Fu ;DjlGwt If]qdf k"j{ cg'ej
3= s] ;]jf k|bfosn] o; clw klg dGqfno;Fu sfd u/]sf] lyof] jf
cGo dGqfnox?df o:t} k|s[ltsf sfdx? u/]sf] lyof] <
ª k|jGw ;ldlt / ;fwf/0f ;ldltsf a}7ssf] lgoldttf
r= ;Ë7gfTds g]t[Tj
5= ;Ë7gdf dlxnf ;xeflutf
h= ;]jfu|fxL / :yflgo lgsfox?;Fusf] sfo{ut ;DjGw
em= ;Ë7gdf u}/ ;fDk|bflos, c/fhlgtLs tyf wd{
lg/k]Iftf
`= ;]jf k|bfosdf ;fd'bflos sNof0fsf sfo{x?sf nflu art tyf
vr{ ug]{ k|ltj¢tf
hDdf

138
@= k|:tfljt s= ;Ë7g / Joj:yfkg
sfo{of]hgf / v= k|:t'tLs/0f
b[li6sf]0f u= k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ ljlw -:ki6tf / k"of{tf_
3= sfo{of]hgf -lj:t[t, ;fGble{s / cfof]hgf;Fu tfbDotf
/fVg]_ .
ª= cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox?sf] j:t'ut dfkb08 / dfkgsf nflu th"{df
ul/Psf ;"rsx?sf] pkof]lutf
r= ljsNkx? -nlrnf] / ;]jf;Fu ;DjlGwt cfjZostfx? cg';f/
cg's"ng ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf_
5= k|ljlw -p2]Zo, kl/0ffd, lqmofsnfk / ;|f]tsf aLrdf tfls{s
;Dj¢tf_
h= cfGtl/s cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf / To;sf]
u'0f:t/
em= k|:tfljt sfdsf nflu sfo{ tflnsf
hDdf
# k|:tfljt s= sfo{6f]nLsf ;b:ox?sf] ;DjlGwt of]Uotf
sfdsf nflu v= sd{rf/Lx?sf] kof{Kttf
cfjZos u= sfo{6f]nLsf ;b:ox?n] ;DjlGwt sfdsf nflu k|blz{t u/]sf] Ifdtf
hgzlQm / cg'ej
3= k|:tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu ltgLx?sf] pknlAwsf] ;'lglZrttf
ª ;]jf k|bfosn] cfjZos sd{rf/Lx? egf{ ug]{, tflnd lbg] / ;'kl/j]
If0f ug]{ sfo{df cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 <
r= s] sd{rf/Lx? tflnd k|fKt 5g / s] ;]jf k|bfosn] tflnd k|fKt
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfFkm";Fu} /fVg] Ifdtf /fVb 5 <
5= sd{rf/L ;DjGwL pko'Qm gLlt / sfo{ljlwx? cjnDjg ul/Psf
5g <
hDdf

139
 $ cfly{s s= ;j} vr{sf] n]vf /flvPsf] 5 5}g < (all costs accounted for)
k|:tfj v= nfut cg'dfgx? oyfy{df cfwfl/t 5g\, s'g} lsl;dsf] bf]xf]/f]kg jf
5'6k'6 5÷5}g <
u= sfo{of]hgf / ah]6aLrsf] tfnd]n
3= vr{ lgoGq0f -ah]6, n]vf, clen]v Joj:yfkg, aLdf, s/x?_
ª= ;fdfGo k|zf;g -k|efjsf/L, ;'Jojl:yt_
r= n]vf / n]vf k/LIf0fdf kf/blz{tf
5= ;~rfng vr{ (Overhead Costs) k|:tfljt sfdsf] s"n nfutsf]
%Ü eGbf a9L x'g gx'g] . lglZrt ;do cjlwsf nflu sd{rf/Lsf]
;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;]jf k|bfo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg afkt vr{ Joxf]l/Psf]
xsdf pgLx?n] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] nfutsf] ;~rfng
vr{ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
h= ;]jf k|bfossf] of]ubfg -cfjZos ePdf dfq_
em= ah]6sf] nfut k|efjsf/Ltf
`= ;]jfu|fxLsf] of]ubfg
tn pknJw u/fOPsf] gd{; cg';f/ b//]6 / tnj e'QmfgLsf] tfbDo

tnj e'QmfgLsf] l;nl;nfdf n}lËs cfwf/df s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

cÍef/sf] pbfx/0fM

5gf]6sf] cfwf/ k"0ff{Í k|fKtfÍ

!= ;]jf k|bfossf] cg'ej / Track record @)
@= k|:tfjdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd k|:tfljt sfo{of]hgf / b[li6sf]0f $)
#= k|:tfljt sfdsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm @)
$= cfly{s k|:tfj @)
hDdf !))

140
 cg';"rL–&
-bkmf ^=@=@ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

;Demf}tfkq;fy ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ;DjlGwt hfgsf/Lx?

!= dGqfnosf gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwx?
@= lgDg hfgsf/L ;lxtsf] ;]jf k|bfossf] k|:tfjM
s= ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgf / k|zf;lgs :j?k
v= sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg / sfo{qmd / ;]jfx?
u= sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg / k|zf;g
3= k|:tfljt z'Ns, vr{x?, d"No, ah]6
ª= sfo{;Dkfbg dfkb08x?
r= cg'udgsf k|lqmof / ck]Iffx?
5= d"NofÍgsf k|lqmof / ck]Iffx?
h= lbuf]kgfsf] cfwf/
em= pks/0f tyf d]lzg cflbsf] Joj:yf
#= sfof{Gjog lgsfodf sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / cGo k|d'v hg;d'bfosf] e"ldsf
$= ;~rf/sf txx?
%= ;]jf k|bfossf sd{rf/Lx?, k]6L ;]jf k|bfosx? / :jo+;]jsx?sf nflu dGqfnosf cg'df]bgsf]
sfo{ljlw, cfjZostf, dfkb08 / ck]Iffx?
^= e'QmfgL;Fu ;DjlGwt ljifox?M
s e'QmfgLsf ljsNkx?
v cfjZostfx?
u kmf/d, OGEjfO;, ljj/0fx?
3 ;]jf k|bfosaf6 e'QmfgL x'g'kg]{ clGtd ldlt
&= cfktsflng kl/l:yltdf ckgfOg] sfo{ljlwx?
*= ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wg, Dofb yk / gjLs/0f ;DjGwL sfo{ljlwx?
(= ;Demf}tfsf] ;dfKtL ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!)= ;Demf}tfsf] ;dfKtL / k'gM af]nkqsf] ljsNk
!!= ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?
!@= k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgsf sfo{ljlwx?

141
 cg';"rL–&s=
-bkmf ^=@=@ ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
===============sfo{qmd

of] ;Demf}tf cfh ldlt ============================== sf lbg >L ==============================-o;kl5 k|yd kIf
elgPsf]_ / ==============================-o;kl5 ;]jf k|bfos elgPsf]_ aLr ;DkGg eof] .

k|yd kIfn] sfo{;"rLdf pNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx? ;DkGg ug{sf nflu o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/
sf zt{x? kfngf ug]{ u/L ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ sfddf nufpg] OR5f JoQm u/]sf]n] / ;]jf k|bfosn] o;
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf zt{x? kfngf ug]{ u/L ;]jf k'¥ofpg] OR5f JoQm u/]sf]n] b'j} kIf b]xfo
adf]lhd ug{ d~h'/ ePsf 5g .

!= ;Dks{ ug]{ 7]ufgfM

o; ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ;Dks{ ug'{kg]{ JolQmsf gfd / 7]ufgf b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
;]jf k|bfossf nflu k|yd kIfsf nflu
gfd gfd

bhf{ bhf{

7]ufgf 7]ufgf

kmf]g g+= kmf]g g+=

Od]n Od]n

ldlt ldlt

;fIfL ;fIfL

@= ;]jf k|bfossf] bfloTj

;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd / cg';"rL / cg';"rL cg'?k o;} ;Demf}tfkq;fy ;+nUg
k|:tfjdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf st{Jox? kfngf ug]{5 .

142
#= sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] bfloTjM
sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] lgoldt cg'udg / sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx?sf]
cfwf/df sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{5 . ;ldltn] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df d~h'/ ul/Psf]
e'QmfgL tflnsfsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgLsf] lgsf;f lbg]5 . ;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{;"rL cg';f/sf] sfd u/]sf]
5}g jf sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 pknJw u/fOPsf] /sd b'?kof]u u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug]{
cfwf/ ePdf e'QmfgL lbg afFsL ls:tfsf] /sd /f]Ssf /fVg] clwsf/ k|yd kIfdf ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
$= ;'k/Lj]If0f, lgb]{zg / cg'udgM
;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] k|ToIf lgu/fgL / lgb]{zgdf /xL sfo{ ug]{5 . sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldltn] k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rssf] cfwf/df ;]jf k|bfossf] cg'udg ug]{5 . ;DjlGwt
bftfn] ;d]t ;]jf k|bfos / p;sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%= ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwM
;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] sfd==================;fn ======================dlxgfdf
z'? ug]{5 /=====================;fn======================= dlxgfeGbf cufj} ;DkGg ul/;Sg]5 . ;]jf k|bfosn]
k|:tfjdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ;do tflnsf leq} cfFkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ul/;Sg]5 . k|yd
kIfnfO{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf s/f/sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{sf] nflu yk ;do pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ bfloTj
x'g]5}g . t/, ;]jf k|bfosaf6 dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f pNn]v eO{ cfPdf k|yd kIfn] s/f/Lo bfloTj
k"/f ug{sf] lgldQ cfjZos ;do yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . k|yd kIfnfO{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf yk cfly{s bfloTj
gkg] u/L dfq} o;/L yk ;do lbg ;lsg]5 . ;]jf k|bfosn] s'g} lrQa'em\bf] sf/0flagf tf]lsPsf]
;do leq cfˆgf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df To:tf] ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ s"n /sdsf] dfl;s !)Ü sf b/n]
hl/jfgf ug]{ clwsf/ k|yd kIfdf ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
^= cGtl/d / clGtd k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{M
;]jf k|bfosn] sfo{;"rLdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] ;dofjlwleq sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;dIf k|f/lDes,
dWosflng, cGtl/d / clGtd sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 . olb ;]jf k|bfosn] tf]lsPsf] ldlt leq
clGtd sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ g;s]df sfo{qmd ;xof]u OsfOn] ;f] afkt k|ltlbg ?=============
sf b/n] hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] /sd ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /sdaf6 c;'n ul/g]
5.
&= af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DjGwL clwsf/M
;]jf k|bfosn] ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf uf]Ko ;"rgfx? k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd clwsf/k|fkt clwsf/L jf lgsfo afx]s c?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg]5}g . ;]jf k|bfosn] jg
tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] Kof6]G6, k|ltlnlk clwsf/ tyf 6«]8dfs{sf] cfbf/ tyf ;Ddfg ug]{5 / s'g}
cglws[t k|of]hgsf] nflu ltgLx?sf] b'?kof]u ug]{5}g . ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ;Ílnt
tyf clen]lvt ;"rgfx? jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;DklQ dflgg]5g\ / ;DjlGwt clwsf/Lsf]
lnlvt ;xdltlagf cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu ltglx?sf] k|sf;g jf pkof]u ul/g]5}g .
*= ljjfbsf] ;dfwfgM
o; ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog / JofVofsf] l;nl;nfdf ;]jf k|bfos / ;Dj¢ k|yd kIfaLr s'g} lsl;dsf]
ljjfb pTkGg ePdf zflGtk"0f{ jftf{sf] dfWodåf/f To;sf] lgk6f/f ul/g]5 . jftf{åf/f ljjfbsf] lgk6f/f

143
 x'g g;s]df ;f] ljjfbnfO{ afWofTds dWo:ytfsf nflu Ps tx dflysf] lgsfo ;dIf k]; ul/g]5 .
dWo:ysf] lg0f{o clGtd / afWofTds x'g]5 .
(= ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?M
;fdfGo ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? o;} ;Demf}tfkqsf] cg';"rL ====== df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ / tL
zt{x? o;} ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg cË dflgg]5g\ .
!)= ;Demf}tfsf] ;dfKtLM
;Demf}tfsf] s'g} kIfn] ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?sf] kfngf gu/]df ;Demf}tfsf] csf]{ kIfn] #) lbgsf] clu|d
lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ ;Demf}tf tf]8\g ;Sg]5 . o;/L ;Demf}tf tf]l8Psf]df s'g} /sd afFsL ePdf k|yd
kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 , b]xfosf ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df o; ;Demf}tfsf b'j} kIfx?af6 dfly pNn]lvt
ldltdf x:tfIf/ ;DkGg eof] .

=========================== ===========================
;]jf k|bfossf] gfd k|yd kIfsf] gfd

144
 cg';"rL–*
-bkmf &=! ;Fu ;DjlGwt_

cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf gd"gfx?

sfo{;Dkfbgsf ck]Iffx?
;]jf k|jfx eof] ls ePg <
lgwf{l/t sfd tf]lsPsf] ;dod} z'? eof] ls ePg <
k|fKt kl/0ffdx? p2]Zo cg'?k 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] dfkgdf lgwf{l/t u'0f:t/ xfl;n ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx? ;Rofpg] tkm{ ;]jf k|bfosaf6 cfjZos kxn ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
lhNnf, If]qLo, ljefu / dGqfnosf] sfo{qmdsf] :t/ xfl;n eof] ls ePg <
sfo{;DkGg x'Fbf :jLs[t nfut adf]lhd eof] ls ePg <
;DkGg sfo{af6 gs/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <

;Demf}tfsf] kfngfM
;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog eof] ls ePg < gePsf] eP kfngf gePsf If]qx? s] s] x'g <
;]jf k|bfossf] clen]v Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
k"j{ ;xdlt lagf g} :yfgLo ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ sfd nufOPsf] 5 ls <
uf]klgotf sfod ul/Psf] lyof] ls lyPg <
cflwsfl/s /]s8{x?sf] r]shfFr ePsf] lyof] ls lyPg <
cfkt\sflng kl/l:yltsf] l/kf]l6{ª ePsf] lyof] ls lyPg <
:jtGq 9Ësf] s/f/Lo ;DjGw sfod ePsf] lyof] ls lyPg <
;]jf k|bfosx?aLrdf s'g} :jfy{ aflemPsf] lyof] ls <
e'QmfgL ;Demf}tf adf]lhd g} ePsf] lyof] ls lyPg <

cg'udg k|ltj]bgx?
If]qLo, ljefu / lhNnfsf] cg'udg k|ltj]bgx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx?af6
ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
-cg'udg k|ltj]bsx?af6_ s] s:tf] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 <
-cg'udg k|ltj]bgx?sf] cfwf/df_ s] s:tf] sf/afxL ug{ cfjZos 5 <

;Dks{ clwsf/Lsf] kmfOn gf]6x?

cg'udgsf glthfx?sf af/]df ;Dks{ clwsf/L;Fu 5nkmn ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
cg'udg ;DjGwL 8s'd]G6x? dGqfnosf] lgb]{lzsf cg'?k clen]lvt 5g ls 5}gg\ <

145
;]jfu|fxlsf] ;Gt'li6
k[i7kf]if0fsf] nflu ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;j]{If0f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt k[i7kf]if0fsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
;]jfu|fxLaf6 p7fOPsf ;/f]sf/sf ljifox?nfO{ ;]jf k|bfosaf6 pko'Qm 9Ën] ;Daf]wg ePsf] 5
ls 5}g <
;]jfu|fxlsf] ;Gt'li6sf] :t/ dfkg ug]{ ;]jf k|bfossf] k2tLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
pknJw u/fOPsf] ;]jfaf6 ;]jfu|fxLx? ;Gt'i6 5g\ eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 ls ;lsFb}g <

u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;]jfk|bfosn] cfjZostfg';f/ ;'wf/fTds pkfox? ckgfPsf] lyof] ls lyPg <
xfn sfod u'gf;f] / ;/f]sf/x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <
;]jf k|bfos;Fu u'gf;f] ;'Gg] / ;dfwfg ug]{ k2tL] 5 ls 5}g <

;]jf k|bfossf] k|ltj]bg

;]jfk|bfosn] ;dod} k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
oL k|ltj]bgx? ;]jf k|bfossf] sfo{ lgwf{/0fsf nflu kof{Kt 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <
oL k|ltj]bgx? k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <
cfjZostfcg';f/ cfly{s ljj/0fx? tof/ ul/Psf / k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <

146
 sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; cfof]hgf sfo{qmd
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)%%
jg ;DjGwL sfo{qmdM jflif{s sfo{qmd lgDgfg';f/ ;~rfng ug'{ eO{ dfl;s k|utL csf]{ dlxgfsf]
@ ut] ;Dddf, rf}dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f csf]{ dlxgfsf] & ut]leq o; cfof]hgfdf k'Ug] u/L k7fpg'
kg]{5 . k|ult ljj/0f k7fpFbf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] k|To]s sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f ;d]t ;dfj]z
u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .

!= ;d"x ;'k/Lj]If0fM u7g eO;s]sf ;d"xx?df lhNnf jg sfof{nox?af6 jflif{s ?kdf slDtdf
Psk6s ;'k/Lj]If0f cg'udg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg jg sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . cg'udgaf6
k|fKt q'6Lx? x6fpg] k|of; ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf nflu lhNnfsf ;j} ;DjlGwt lgsfosf lkmN8
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ x'g] u/L cg'udg u/L eg]{ / lhNnfsf] cfˆgf] sfof{nodf a'emfpg Ps cg'udg
kmd{sf] gd'gf o;};fy ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .
@= If]q klxrfg / ;j]{If0fM -s_ jg sfof{non] dftxtsf lkmN8 OsfO{sf k|fljlwsx?åf/f
cf–cfˆgf] If]qdf sa'lnotL jgsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] If]qx? klxrfg ug]{ / cfufdL jif{x?sf]
nflu klg x'g] u/L nut agfO{ /fVg] .
-v_ sfo{qmd sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ eGbf If]q klxrfg nIo 8]9f a9L /flvPsf] 5 . o;f] ubf{
csf]{ jif{ sfo{qmd ;dodf g} ;DkGg ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 .
-u_ klxrfg ul/Psf] If]qsf] cg'dflgt If]qkmn, cfly{s, ;fdflhs j:t'l:yltsf] hfgsf/L
;Íng ug]{ .
-3_ ;d'bfoaf6 ;f] If]qdf ljkGg, lk5fl8Psf sdhf]/ ju{nfO{ sa'lnotL jgsf] ?kdf lbg
hUuf 5'6\ofpg ;xdlt kfpg ;lsg] 7fpFnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
-ª_ 5l/Psf If]qsf ;d"xx?df lg/LIf0f tyf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg sl7gfO{ x'g] tyf :t/o'Qm sfd
klg gx'g] x'Fbf If]q 5gf]6 ubf{ cfufdL @–# jif{;Dd ;d"xx? u7g ub}{ hfg ;Sg] If]q
5gf]6 ug]{ . ;fdfGotM a9L ;d"x u7g x'g ;Sg] If]q 5gf]6 ug'{ Jojxfl/s x'g]5 .
-r_ If]q 5gf]6 ubf{ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt ;j} lkmN8 :t/sf lgsfox?af6 lg/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg]
If]q 5fGg' Jojxfl/s x'g]5 .
-5_ tf]lsPsf] sfo{If]qdf sa'lnotL jg 5'6\ofpg ;d'bfosf] ;xdtL cfjZos kg]{ x'Fbf
;dGjo 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] 5nkmndf glhs}sf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb|, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf;
cfof]hgf jf ;/f]sf/jfnf s[lif ljsf; j}+sn] ;d]t efu lng]5g\ . o; 5nkmnsf] nflu
jg sfof{non] æ;dGjo 5nkmnÆ af6 lrofkfgsf] nflu ah]6 vr{ ug]{5 .
-h_ ;d'bfoaf6 ;xdtL lnFbf ;d'bfosf a9L ;] a9L JolQmsf] ;xdtL lng' kg]{5 . ;Demf}tf
:j?k ;d'bfosf w]/} JolQmsf] lnlvt ;xdtL lng' Jojxfl/s x'g]5 .
-em_ ;f] ;xdtL k|fKt ePdf jg lgodfjnLsf] lgod #( pklgod -@_ adf]lhd #% lbg] ;"rgf
k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .

147
 -`_ ;"rgfsf] Dofb leq ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf lng lgj]bg k/L # dlxgfleq ;fd'bflos jg
u7g gePdf sa'lnotL jgsf] clGtd 5gf]6 u/L gfk gS;f tof/ kfg]{ .
-6_ sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug'{ eGbf klxn] ;d"x u7g ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf s[lif ljsf; j}+ssf] ;DjlGwt
OsfOn] o; cfof]hgf / s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] ;fgf ls;fgsf] 5gf}6sf] k|lqmof -ljz]if
u/L ? @%)). ;Dd k|ltJolQm jflif{s cfDbfgL ePsf], !) /f]kgL;Dd hUuf ePsf /
a}+ssf] C0f lnO{ efvf g3fPsf cflb_ k'¥ofO{ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf kz';]jf tyf jgsf]
:ynut OsfOx? ;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf ;d"x u7g ug]{ .
-7_ sa'lnotL jg If]qdf ;d"xn] t'?Gt rl/r/g aGb ug]{ sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-8_ ;d"x u7g kZrft k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ rf/ /lhi6/ -lgDg adf]lhdsf]_clen]v /fVg lgMz'Ns
pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-!_ ldl6ª dfOGo'6
-@_ cfDbfgL, vr{, art, C0f
-#_ cfuGt's k'l:tsf
-$_ k|fKt ;xof]u / pTkfbg
#= sfo{of]hgf / cfly{s k|ltj]bgM -s_ u7g ePsf] ;d"x;Fu ;dGjo 5nkmn ubf{ ;DjlGwt jg
OsfO{sf] g]t[Tjdf tLg}j6f :ynut OsfO{af6 clgjfo{ ?kdf efu lnO{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{
;xuf]u k'¥ofpg] .
-v_ ;dGjo 5nkmnsf] lrofkfg vr{ jg sfof{nosf] æ;dGjo 5nkmnÆ ah]6af6 Joxf]l/g]
5.
-u_ ;d"xsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutfdf sfo{of]hgf tof/ x'g' kg]{5 .
-3_ tof/ ePsf] sfo{of]hgfdf cfly{s ;DefJotf kmf/ddf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx? ;d"xaf6
hfgsf/L lnO{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ sa'lnotL jg $) jif{sf] cjlwsf] nflu lbg] ePsf] x'Fbf sa'lnotL jgsf] l;dfÍg ul/g'
kg]{5 .
-r_ sa'lnotL jg l;dfÍg k"/f eO{ If]qkmn olsg eO;s]sf] gS;f ;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf jg
lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] kl/R5]b % sa'lnotL jg ;'Dkg] ljz]if Joj:yf lgod $) sf]
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;f] sfo{of]hgf :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug'{' kg]5{ .
-5_ sa'lnotL jg sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ubf{ vr{ :jLs[t gd{; cg'?k vr{ ug{ ;lsg]
5.
#=!= sfo{of]hgf gljs/0fM sa'lnotL jg k|bfg u/]sf] kfFr jif{ cjlw k'u]sf ;d"xx?sf]
sfo{of]hgf gljs/0f u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu cfof]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] 9fFrfdf /]~h/n]
;d"xdf uO{ ljut sfo{of]hgfsf] ;ldIff u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df csf]{ % b]lv !) jif{sf nflu
sfo{of]hgf gljs/0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5g .
$= cGt/;d"x u7gM -s_ ;d"xsf] ;+Vof a[l¢ x'Fb} uPsf] ;Gbe{df k|To]s ;d"xdf cg'udg ug]{ sfo{
r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'Fb} uPsf]5 .

148
-v_ ;d"xx?nfO{ cfˆgf] sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf :jfjnDjL jgfpFb} n}hfg] p2]Zo cg'?k ufpF
ljsf; ;ldlt leq u7g ePsf sa'lnotL jg ;d"xx?nfO{ j8f :t/b]lv g} cfj¢ ub}{
n}hfg' kg]{ x'G5 .
-u_ ufpmF ljsf; ;ldlt leq j8f:t/df ePsf @ b]lv !) ;Ddsf] ;d"xx?sf] Ps
j8f:t/Lo cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g ul/g' kb{5 .
-3_ j8fdf b'O{ eGbf sd ;d"x ePdf To;} ufpmF ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] kfos kg]{ cGo
j8fdf ePsf ;d"xx?;Fu cfj¢ u/L j8f:t/Lo cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-ª_ Ps j8fdf !) eGbf a9L ;d"x ePdf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g x'g
;Sg]5 .
-r_ sydsbflrt Ps ufpmF ljsf; ;ldltdf Ps ;d"x dfq ePdf pQm ;d"xnfO{ glhs}
kfos kg]{ csf]{ ufpmF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;d"x;Fu cfj¢ u/L cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g ug{
;lsg]5 .
-5_ cGt/;d"x ;ldltdf cfj¢ ;j} ;d"xsf] cWoIfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L cGt/;d"x ;ldlt
u7g ul/g]5 . o;/L u7g x'g] ;ldltdf @% k|ltzt k|ltlglwTj dlxnfaf6 x'g]5 . gk'Ug]
eP sa'lnotL jg ;d"xx?af6 yk sd{7 dlxnfx? ;ldlt ;b:odf dgf]lgt ul/g'
kg]{5 .
-h_ o;/L u7g ePsf] cGt/;d"x ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm" dWo]af6 ;ldlt cWoIf, ;lrj
/ sf]iffWoIf 5gf}6 u/L ltgLx?af6 ;ldltsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng x'g]5 .
-em_ ;ldltsf] k|To]s dlxgf lglZrt ;dodf j}7s j:g]5 . ;ldltsf] dfl;s j}7s a:g' eGbf
klxn] ;ldlt cGt{utsf cf–cfˆgf] ;d"xx?sf] dfl;s j}7s ;d"x g]tfn] u/fO{ ;d"xsf]
k|utL tyf ;d:ofx? ;ldltsf] dfl;s j}7sdf k]z u/L ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug]{ / ;f]sf]
lg0f{o ;ldlt dfkm{t sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-`_ k|To]s cGt/;d"x ;ldltdf art sf]if :yfkgf ul/g]5 . o;df ;ldlt cGt{utsf
;d"xx?sf ;j} ;b:ox?n] slDtdf dfl;s b'O{ ?k}ofF hDdf ug]{5g . t/ art ug]{
/sdsf] lgwf{/0f ;ldltaf6 x'g]5 .
-6_ cfˆgf] ;d"xaf6 p7fPsf] /sd k|To]s ;d"x g]tfn] cGt/;d"x ;ldltsf] dfl;s j}7sdf
a'emfpg] 5g .
-7_ o; k|sf/ art ul/Psf] /sdaf6 ;ldlt ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd /sd vr{
u/L afFsL /sd a}+sdf vftf vf]nL /fVg] jf ;d"x ;b:onfO{ clt cfjZos x'g] sfo{df
C0fsf] ?kdf nufgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-8_ cGt/;d"x ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;d"xx?sf] sfo{qmdsf] k|ult / cfjZostf jf/] ;DjlGwt
jg, kz' ;]jf tyf a}+snfO{ rf}dfl;s ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] / tL lgsfox?af6
;xof]u tyf ;/;Nnfx lnO{ cfˆgf] dftxtsf ;d"xx?df k|efjsf/L ;]jf
k'¥ofpg] .
-9_ cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g kl5 k|To]s ;ldltnfO{ % j6f /lhi6/ clen]v /fVg lgMz'Ns
pknJw u/fOg]5 .

149
%= sj'lnotL jg l;dfÍgM -s_ sa'lnotL jg $) jif{sf] nflu lbg] ePsf] x'Fbf sa'lnotL jg
lbg' cl3 sa'lnotL jgsf] l;dfÍg ul/g' kg]{5 .
-v_ cfof]hgf cGtu{t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 u7g ul/Psf ;d"xx?nfO{ sa'lnotL jg lbFbf
jg l;dfÍg ug{ nfUg] vr{ lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ah]6af6 Joxf]l/g]5 .
^= uf]i7LM
^=!= lhNnf :t/Lo kl/rofTds uf]i7L -# lbg]_M -s_ gofF lhNnfdf sa'lnotL jg sfo{qmd
n}hfFbf ;j{k|yd sfo{qmd ;DjGwL lhNnf :t/Lo kl/rofTds uf]i7L ;~rfng lhNnf
;b/d'sfddf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
-v_ o; k|sf/sf] uf]i7Ldf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf rf/j6} ;DjlGwt sf]cl8{g]6/, lhNnf:t/sf
sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt tLg lgsfosf k|d'vx? / ;xfos clws[tx?sf] ;fy} @÷@
hgf k|fljlws ;xfosx?, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] efu lng]5g\ .
-u_ pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf lhNnfsf cGo lgsfo k|d'vx? tyf :yfgLo g]tfx?nfO{
;d]t ;dfj]z u/fpg' kb{5 .
-3_ tLg lbgsf] uf]i7Ldf kxf8L sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff,
tLg nfOg Ph]G;Lsf] e"ldsf, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, ;dGjo, ;fgf ls;fg
ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] l;2fGt tyf ;d"x u7g k|lqmof, ;d"xdf C0f lbg] tyf art
sf]if k|lqmof, cfod"ns sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg cflbaf/] lj:t[t 5nkmn
ul/g]5 .
-ª_ uf]i7Ldf jg sfof{no, kz' ;]jf sfof{no tyf a}+sn] sa'lnotL jg ;DjGwL
;~rfng ug]{ ljleGg sfo{x? / sa'lnotL jg ;DjGwL P]g lgodaf/] lj:t[t
5nkmn x'g]5 .
-r_ sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; ;DjGwL eO{ /x]sf] / x'g] cg';GwfgfTds
sfo{x?af/] hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 .
-5_ pk/f]Qm ljifx?sf] hfgsf/L s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 efu lng] ;DjlGwt sf]cl8{g]6/x?n]
k]z ug'{ x'g]5 .
^=@ sfo{:yn kl/rofTds uf]i7L -^ lbg]_M -s_ gofF lhNnfdf sfo{qmd n}hfFbf lhNnf
:t/Lo kl/rofTds uf]i7L ;s]kl5 sfo{qmd z'? ug'{ eGbf klxn] 5gf]6 ePsf ;Defljt
ufpmF ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf jf k|ltlglw, To; If]qdf sfo{/t tLg} lgsfosf !÷!
hgf lkmN8 :6fkm / sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] vfnsf hDdf !÷! hgf dlxnf / k'?if
ls;fgnfO{ ;xefuL jgfO{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf sfo{:yn kl/rofTds uf]i7L ;~rfng
ul/g]5 .
-v_ o; uf]i7Ldf lgDg ljifox?df a[xt 5nkmn u/fOg]5 M
-!_ sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo, ;dGjo,
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, lkmN8 :6fkmsf] sfd, st{Jo, tYofÍ ;Íng
cflb .
-@_ ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo, ;d"x u7g, ;d"x lg0f{o
k|lqmof, ;d"x bfloTj, C0f lng] k|lqmof, lwtf]sf] cfjZostf, ljgf lwtf]

150
 C0f nufgL k|lqmof, ;d"x artsf] cfjZostf tyf kl/rfng, cfod"ns
Joj;fosf] 5gf]6 / nufgL cflb .
-#_ ljleGg tfnLdsf] cfjZostf .
-$_ cfof]hgfdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf / dlxnfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ k|fyldstf .
-%_ of]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|lqmof .
-^_ sa'lnotL jg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ k|lqmof .
-&_ sa'lnotL jgdf ug{ ;lsg] ljleGg ljsf; sfo{x? .
-*_ sa'lnotL jgsf] nflu Joj:yf ePsf] P]g, lgod .
-(_ cfof]hgf cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] k|To]s lgsfosf] jflif{s sfo{qmd .
-u_ kfFrf} lbg uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] k'/fgf] lhNnf leq
;kmn sa'lnotL jg ;d"xdf nuL cjnf]sg / 5nkmn u/fpg' /fd|f] x'g]5 .
-3_ uf]i7Ldf lbOg] ljleGg hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|:t'tLs/0f ;DjlGwt lhNnf OsfOsf k|d'v
jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[taf6 x'g' kg]{5 .
^=#= jflif{s ;ldIff tyf dfl;s sfo{tflnsf tof/L uf]i7L -# lbg]_M -s_ uf]i7L cfly{s jif{sf]
z'?df ul/g]5 . uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?, lhNnf / lkmN8df sfo{/t
tLg} OsfO{sf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lx? ;dfj]z x'g]5g .
-v_ ut jif{sf sfdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ut jif{;Dd u7g ePsf ;d"xx?sf] k|utL
;ldIff u/L ;dfwfg ug{ afFsL /x]sf sl7gfOx? klxrfg ul/g]5 .
-u_ klxrfg ePsf sl7gfOx?sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox? to ug]{5 .
-3_ o; jif{ ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf tof/ ul/g]5 .
-ª_ dfl;s sfo{tflnsf tof/ ubf{ tLg} lgsfosf] sfo{qmd Ps cfk;df cfj¢ x'g]
u/L, cj/f]w gcfpg] u/L tof/ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
-r_ uf]i7Lsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L !÷! k|lt cfˆgf] s]Gb|Lo OsfO{df oyflz3| k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-5_ tof/ ul/Psf] dfl;s sfo{tflnsf cg'?k tLg} lgsfon] jflif{s sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{5g\ .
^=$ ;d"x of]hgf th"{df tyf ;ldIff uf]i7L -! lbg]_M -s_ ut ! jif{ leq u7g ePsf k|To]s
;d"xdf ut jif{sf sfdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ut jif{;Dd ePsf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg tof/
kfg{ l;sfpg] .
-v_ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] b'O{ dlxgf leq k|ltj]bg jg sfof{nodf k7fpg
nufpg] .
-u_ ut jif{sf] sfdsf] ;ldIffsf] cfwf/df cfufdL jif{sf] sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ .
-3_ ;f] uf]i7Ldf :ynut tLg} OsfO{sf sd{rf/Lx?n] efu lng] / uf]i7L ut jif{ u7g
ePsf] dWo]sf] k|To]s ;d"xdf ! lbg ;~rfng ul/g]5 . uf]i7Lsf] clen]v clgjfo{
?kn] /fVg] . ;DjlGwt lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] # k|lt tof/ kf/L cfˆgf] lhNnf l:yt
sfof{nox?df !÷! k|lt k7fpg] .
-ª_ of] uf]i7Laf6 tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{qmd cGt/;d"x ;dGjo uf]i7Ldf k]z ul/g]5 .

151
 ^=% cGt/;d"x ;dGjo -of]hgf th'{df_ uf]i7L -@ lbg]_M -s_ lhNnfnfO{ sfo{qmd ePsf]
If]q cg';f/ ljefhg u/L k|To]s If]qdf /x]sf ;d"xx?af6 !÷! hgf k|ltlglw -dlxnf
;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] u/L_ / ;f] If]qdf ;+nUg tLg} lgsfosf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt
sd{rf/Lx? / cfof]hgf;Fu ;DjlGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+nUg u/L
uf]i7L ;~rfng x'g]5 .
-v_ pQm uf]i7L ;~rfng x'g' cufj} ut ! jif{eGbf klxn] u7g ePsf ;d"xx?n] cfˆgf]
cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] sfo{qmd ;dLIff u/L cfufdL jif{sf] sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{5g /
uf]i7Ldf efu lng cfpFbf ;d"x k|ltlglwn] ;d"xaf6 :jLs[t cfufdL jif{sf]
sfo{qmd k]z ug]{5g .
-u_ ;f]xL cg'?k ut ! jif{ leq u7g ePsf ;d"xx?df ;d"x of]hgf th'{df tyf
;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng u/L tof/ ul/Psf] cfufdL jif{sf] sfo{qmd ;d"xsf]
k|ltlglwn] o; uf]i7Ldf k]z tyf 5nkmn ug]{5g\ .
-3_ uf]i7Ldf ljleGg ;d"xdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg, ;d:of
/ ltgsf] lg/fs/0faf/] 5nkmn / sfo{qmd kl/dflh{t kfg{ cfjZos ;'emfjx?
;Íng ;d]t ul/g]5 .
-ª_ o; k|sf/sf] uf]i7Laf6 tof/ ul/Psf] cfufdL jif{sf] k|To]s ;d"xsf] sfo{qmd
;dli6ut ?kdf tof/ u/L lhNnf of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn ul/g]5 .
^=^ lhNnf of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L -# lbg]_M -s_ ;d"x of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L / cGt/;d"x ;dGjo
uf]i7L k'/f eO{ ;s]kl5 of] # lbg] uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . o;df lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf ;b:ox?, lhNnf / lkmN8:t/sf sfo{/t tLg} lgsfosf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt
sd{rf/Lx? / !÷! hgf yk dlxnf tyf k'?if ls;fg ;xefuL x'g]5g\ .
-v_ cGt/;d"x ;dGjo uf]i7Laf6 tof/ ul/Psf] k|To]s ;d"xsf] sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df
cfufdL jif{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ .
-u_ gofF ;d"xsf] nflu cfufdL jif{sf] sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ k'/fgf ;d"xdf k/]sf
sl7gfO{x? / cg'ejnfO{ cfwf/ jgfpg] .
^=& :ynut ;dGjo uf]i7L -! lbg]_M -s_ of] uf]i7L sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] k|To]s
/]~hkf]i6df x/]s dlxgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ o;df /]~hkf]i6 If]qleq /x]sf :ynut OsfO{sf /]~h/, h]=6L=÷h]=6L=P=,
cfof]hgf k|d'v jf s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf ;fy} ;d"xaf6 x/]skN6 gofF
ls;fgx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps hgf dlxnf / Ps k'?if dfq ;dfj]z x'g]5g .
cfof]hgfdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf eP ;f] uf]i7Ldf cfdlGqt ul/g]5 .
-u_ rf}dfl;s sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf tof/ ug]{ .
-3_ dfl;s sfo{ tflnsfsf] cfwf/df ;DjlGwt :ynut OsfO{sf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm"n]
ug'{ kg]{ c? sfddf afwf gkg]{ u/L b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf tof/ kf/L To; cg';f/
sfd ug]{ .
-ª_ ut dlxgfsf] b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf cg';f/ sfd ePsf], gePsf], sfd ubf{ afwf
cK7\of/f] k/]sf] :ynut :t/df g} ;dfwfg u/]sf] s'/f uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn u/L
To;sf] clen]v (Minuting) clgjfo{ ?kn] /fVg' kg]{5 .
152
 -r_ clen]vdf pNn]lvt t/ :ynut :t/df ;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf] ;d:of ;lxtsf]
dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf ;DjlGwt cfˆgf] lhNnf sfof{nodf
csf]{ dlxgfsf] @ ut];Dd clgjfo{ ?kn] k]z ug]{ . k|ltj]bg k|fKt eP kl5 uf]i7L
vr{ lgsf;f lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 x'g]5 .
-5_ :ynut ;dGjo uf]i7Lsf] ;dGjo ;DjlGwt /]~h/n] ug]{ .
^=* lhNnf ;dGjo sfo{bn uf]i7L -! lbg]_M -s_ uf]i7L lhNnf l:yt cfof]hgf;Fu ;DjlGwt
jg sfof{nosf lh=j=c=, kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf kz' lrlsT;s / kz' ljsf; clws[t /
s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf zfvf k|jGws sfo{bnsf ;b:ox?n] ;~rfng ug]{ / cfufdL uf]i7Lsf]
ldlt tf]Sg] . uf]i7Lsf] clen]v clgjfo{ ?kn] /fVg] .
-v_ k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf Psk6s ;~rfng ul/g] .
-u_ rf}dfl;s sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf :jLs[t ug]{ .
-3_ k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfsf] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg u/L cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx? lg/fs/0f u/L
cfufdL @ dlxgfsf] sfo{qmd rf}dfl;s nIo cg';f/ k'/f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
-ª_ lhNnfaf6 lg/fs/0f gx'g] ;d:of eP ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] s]Gb|df ;"lrt ug]{ .
^=( lhNnf cg'udg uf]i7L -! lbg]_M -s_ k|To]s rf}dfl;ssf] cGtdf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ ldlt
tf]Sg] .
-v_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?M lh=lj=;= sf ;b:o–!, :yflgo ljsf;
clwsf/L !, dlxnf ljsf; clwsf/L !, ;xfos k|=lh=c= !, s[lif ljsf; a}+s
d]g]h/ !, kz' lrlsT;s !, kz' ljsf; clws[t !, ;d"xaf6 dlxnf !, k'?if !,
lhNnf jg clws[t ! -lhNnf sf]cf]l8{g]6/_ / lghaf6 cfdlGqt JolQm a9Ldf @
hgf ;xefuL x'g]5g .
-u_ jflif{s sfo{qmd cg'df]bg ug]{, sfo{ If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{, k|To]s rf}dfl;s cjlwsf]
sfo{qmd ;dLIff u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ u'0ffTds tyf ;+VofTds ?kdf kl/rfng ug{
;'emfj lbg] .
-3_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] lhNnfsf] sf]cf]l8{g]6/ eO{ sfo{ ug]{ / uf]i7Lsf] clen]v
clgjfo{ ?kdf /fvL Ps k|lt k|f]h]S6 sf]cf]l8{g]6/ sxfF k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ of] uf]i7L a9Ldf b'O{ lbg ;Ddsf nflu ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^=!) :yfgLo g]tfx?sf] kl/rofTds uf]i7L -@ lbg]_M -s_ :yfgLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg eP kl5
lhNnf tyf uf=lj=;= x?sf] g]t[Tjdf kl/jt{g cfpg ;Sg] x'Fbf cfof]hgf ;~rflnt
lhNnfsf lh=lj=;= ;b:o tyf uf=lj=;= x?sf cWoIfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfaf/] hfgsf/L
u/fpg] .
-v_ cfof]hgf If]qsf uf=lj=;= cWoIfx? jf j8f cWoIf / :yfgLo dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?
;dfj]z u/L :yfgLo g]tfx?;Fusf] cfof]hgf ;DjGwL kl/rofTds uf]i7L lhNnfdf
;~rfng u/L :yfgLo g]tfx?sf] o; cfof]hgf ;DjGwL rf;f] a9fpg] .

153
 ^=!! cGt/;d"x kl/rofTds uf]i7L -! lbg]_M -s_ cfof]hgf nfu" ePsf lhNnfx?df sa'lnotL
jg ;d"xsf] ;+Vofdf k|lt jif{ a[l¢ x'Fb} uPsf] / ;d"xx?nfO{ cem a9L :jfjnDjL agfpb}
nuL sd{rf/Lx?sf] e"ldsf 36fpb} n}hfg ;s] l;ldt ;+Vofdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?af6
ck]lIft k|efjsf/L sfo{ u/fpg ;lsg] p2]Zo cg'?k uf=lj=;= cGt{utsf k|To]s
j8fleq u7g ePsf sa'lnotL jg ;d"xx?nfO{ cfj¢ u/L cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g
u'g{kg]{ cfjZostfsf] jf]w u/fpg] .
-v_ o;sf nflu Ps j8f leqsf @ b]lv !) ;d"xsf ;j} ;d"x cWoIf, ;d"x ;lrj,
;d"x sf]iffWoIf / sd{7 ;d"x dlxnfx?sf] Pslbg] uf]i7L j8f:t/df ;~rfng u/L
cGt/;d"x ;ldltsf] u7g af/]sf] ljleGg kIfx?df hfgsf/L tyf 5nkmn u/fO{
cGt/;d"x ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;ldltsf] cIoIf, ;lrj tyf sf]iffWoIfsf] 5gf]6
u/fOg]5 .
-u_ o; k|sf/sf] sfo{df s[lif ljsf; a}+s, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] 7"nf]
cg'ej /x]sf]n] lghx?sf] ljz]if ;+nUgtfdf of] uf]i7L ;~rfng u/L cGt/;d"x
;ldlt tf]lsP cg';f/ btf{ u/fOg]5 .
&= tfnLdM lgDg adf]lhd tfnLdsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ jg sfof{nosf] gd{; cg';f/ x'g]5 . ;se/ Ps
JolQmnfO{ Ps} lsl;dsf] tfnLd lbPdf ;Lksf] ;b'kof]u x'g]5 .
-s_ cfod"ns sfo{ tyf :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgdf cfwfl/t ;Lk ljsf; tfnLd ;d"xsf
;b:ox?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ lgwf{l/t tfnLd sfo{qmd ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-u_ tfnLd ;DjGwL sfo{df ?lr ePsf / tfnLd ;lsP kl5 clgjfo{ ?kdf ;~rfng
ug]{ vfnsf JolQmx? dfq o; tfnLddf ;xefuL x'g kfpg]5g .
-3_ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLddf pko'Qm ;xefuLx? 5gf}6 u/L k7fpg] sfo{sf] nflu
;DjlGwt ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf jf ;DjlGwt a}+s zfvf, k|zfvf,
pkzfvfnfO{ klg cg'/f]w ul/g]5 .
-ª_ tfnLd ;sfO cfPkl5 kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/fpg cfjZos C0f tyf cGo
;xof]u ;DjlGwt cfof]hgf, a}+saf6 clgjfo{ ?kdf pknAw u/fOg' kg{]5 .
-r_ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLddf dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg' kg]{5 .
-5_ ;se/ ;d"xleqsf] Ps JolQmnfO{ Ps} lsl;dsf] tfnLddf dfq ;xefuL agfO{
;Lksf] ;b'kof]u u/fOg]5 .
&=!= km/]i6 uf8{ tfnLd -@ lbg]_M -s_ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt /]~hkf]i6 cGt{utsf
jgkfn]x?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ afFsL jgkfn]x?nfO{ klg sa'lnotL jg sfo{qmd
;DjGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg ;s] sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /]~h/x?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] lhNnf:t/df ;j} jgkfn]x?nfO{ sa'lnotL jg sfo{qmd
;DjGwL tfnLd lbg] .
&=@ g;{/L Joj:yfkg tfnLd -( lbg]_M -s_ gofF ;d"xx? u7g eO{ ;s]kl5 ;d"xsf]
dfu / cfjZostf cg'?k ;d"x ;b:onfO{ tfnLddf ;xefuL u/fpg] .

154
 -v_ tfnLddf ;d"xleqsf dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
-u_ tfnLdsf] cjlw ( lbgsf] x'g]5 / ;s];Dd k|of]ufTds tfnLddf hf]8 lbO{ ;f]
cjlwdf Ps g;{/L lgdf{0f x'g' kg]{5 .
-3_ tfnLd ;lsPkl5 k|lzIffly{n] cfˆgf] ;d"xnfO{ ;d]t cfjZos kg]{ lj?jfsf] hft
/ ;+Vof v'nfO{ nut tof/ u/L lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ jg sfof{no;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-ª_ ;f] ;Demf}tf kl5 g;{/L lgdf{0f ;DjGwL ;xof]u jg sfof{non] pknJw u/fpg]5 .
-r_ g;{/L ;DjGwL /lhi6/ tyf lj?jf ljt/0f /lhi6/ clgjfo{ ?kn] g;{/Ldf
/fVg' kg]{5 . o;sf nflu kmfOn / cfjZos /lhi6/ jg sfof{non] pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
-5_ ;Demf}tf eP adf]lhdsf] lj?jf jg sfof{non] vl/b u/L ;d"x dfkm{t ljt/0f
ug]{5 .
&=# g;{/L Joj:yfkg k'gtf{huL tfnLd -% lbg_M -s_ ut tLj jif{ b]lv lj?jf pTkfbg
ul//x]sf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt g;{/Lx?df ;+nUg tfnLd k|fKt JolQmx?nfO{ o; tfnLddf
;+nUg u/fOg]5 .
-v_ o; tfnLddf xf;Dd ul/Psf] g;{/L Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] ;dLIff u/L ;d:ofx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{, yk k|ljlw lbg] / g;{/L Joj:yfkgaf6 yk nfe lng ;lsg] af/]
hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
-u_ cfˆgf] g;{/L If]q jl/k/L x'g ;Sg] kmnkm"nsf hftx?sf] nut tof/ ug]{ / ;f]
cg';f/ kmnkm"nsf] lj?jf tof/ ug]{ k|ljlwx? af/] Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] .
-3_ kmnkm"nsf] lj?jf k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L a9L nfe lng] tl/sf l;sfpg] .
-ª_ o; tfnLd ;~rfngdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6 ;xof]u lng] .
-r_ l;hg cg';f/sf] t/sf/Lsf] j]gf{ pTkfbg ug{ l;sfpg] .
&=$ sa'lnotL jg Joj:yfkg tfnLd -@+# lbg_M -s_ of] tfnLd glnPsf k'/fgf ;d"x / gofF
u7g ePsf ;d"xsf bDklQx? o; tfnLddf ;xefuL x'g]5g .
-v_ @+# lbg] @ k6s u/L of] tfnLd lkmN8 :t/sf # OsfOsf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;+o'Qm
?kdf sa'lnotL jg If]qd} ;~rfng ug]{5g .
-u_ glhs}sf slDtdf b'O{j6f ;d"xsf dlxnf k'?ifnfO{ kfos kg]{ u/L tfnLd ;~rfng
x'g]5 .
-3_ tfnLd kf7\oqmd adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ klxnf] k6ssf] @ lbg] tfnLddf ;}2flGts 1fg / k|of]ufTds sfdx? # j6} lkmN8
sd{rf/Lx?n] lgwf{l/t kf7\oqmd cg';f/ ug]{5g . bf];|f] lbg cfufdL dlxgf leq
;d"xn] sa'lnotL jgdf ul/;Sg' kg]{ sfd ;d]t lkmN8sf sd{rf/Lx?n] lbg'
kg]{5 .
-r_ bf];|f] k6ssf] # lbg] tfnLd k'gM # j6} lkmN8 sd{rf/Ln] ut dlxgfsf ;xefuLx?nfO{
e]nf u/fO{ lghx?n] u/]sf] sfd lg/LIf0f u/L hUuf ljsf; sfo{df ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .

155
 -5_ of] # lbg] tfnLdsf] cjlwdf hUuf ljsf; ug{ th'{df ePsf] of]hgf cg';f/sf]
ljp, ljhg, lj?jf cflb clgjfo{ ?kn] ;f] 7fpFdf pknJw eO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-h_ k|To]s ;d"xn] cfˆgf] /lhi6/df k|fKt ePsf] jLp, lj?jf tyf cGo ;fdfu|L /
tfnLd, C0f k|fKt cflb jf/] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-em_ cf=j= )%%.)%^ df of] tfnLd cf7 lbgsf] nflu pNn]v ePtf klg % lbgsf] dfq
tfnLd ;~rfng ug]{ .
&=% l8a'6L Joj:yfkg tfnLd -# lbg]_M -s_ k|To]s ;d"xn] hl8j'6L sfo{df ?lr ePsf Ps
hgf ;b:onfO{ v6fO{ tfnLddf efu lng nufOg]5 .
-v_ tfnLddf cfˆgf] If]qdf / cfˆgf] sa'lnotL jg If]qdf /x]sf hl8j'6Lsf] nut
tof/ u/L nufpg] tl/sf, hl8j'6Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] af]6sf] efu, Joj:yfkg,
;Íng ;do, k|zf]wg tl/sf, d"No, ahf/ Joj:yf af/] lj:t[t 5nkmn
u/fOg]5 .
-u_ If]qdf jf cfˆgf] sa'lnotL jgdf x'g] hl8j'6L ;Dj¢{g / ;+/If0f ug]{ jf/]sf]
dxTjsf] hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 .
-3_ If]qnfO{ ;'xfpFbf] cGo dxTjk"0f{ hl8j'6L af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
&=^ pGgt r'nf] k|f]df]6/ tfnLd -& lbg]_M -s_;d"xleq / ;d'bfodf pGgt r"nf]sf] k|j¢{g
ug{sf] nflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf If]qx?af6 !÷! hgf ;se/ dlxnfnfO{ 5gf]6 u/L
pGgt r'nf] k|f]df]6/ tfnLd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-v_ ljutdf pGgt r'nf] k|ljlw k|;f/af/] tfnLd k|fKt ul/;s]sf / pGgt r'nf] h8fg
sfo{df ;xof]uL eO{ ;s]sf / ;se/ ;d"xsf ;b:o dWo]af6 ;xefuL 5gf}6
x'g]5 .
-u_ k|f]df]6/ tfnLd k|fKt ;xefuLx?nfO{ !÷! ;]6 r'nf] lgdf{0f cf}hf/ ;fdfg lgMz'Ns
pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-3_ k|f]df]6/ tfnLd k|fKt ul/;s] kl5 lghn] klxnf] k|fyldstf cfˆgf] If]qdf /x]sf
sa'lnotL jg ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] 3/df / To;kl5 ;d'bfodf pGgt r'nf] h8fg
ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5g\ .
-ª_ r'nf] h8fgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofP afkt h8fg ePsf] r'nf] a/fa/sf] gd{; cg';f/
cg'bfg ;xof]u lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 pknAw x'g]5 .
&=& cGt/;d"x kl/rfng tfnLd -@ lbg]_M -s_ cGt/;d"x ;ldlt u7g eO{ ;ldltsf]
kbflwsf/Lsf] 5gf}6 eP;s]kl5 cGt/;d"x ;ldltn] cfˆgf] dftxtsf sa'lnotL jg
;d"xx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cGt/;d"x
kl/rfng tfnLd lbOg]5 .
-v_ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? dWo] ;ldlt cWoIfsf] g]t[Tj lbg] e"ldsf ;jf]{k/L /xg]
ePsf]n] lhNnf leq u7g eO{ ;s]sf cGt/;d"x ;ldltx?sf ;j} cWoIfx?nfO{
;dfj]z u/L pgLx?sf] sfd, st{Jo tyf sfo{qmdx?af/] lhNnf :t/df tfnLd
;~rfng ul/g]5 .

156
 -u_ cGt/;d"x ;ldlt kl/rfng af/] s[lif ljsf; a}+s, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf;
cfof]hgfsf] ljz]if cg'ej /x]sf]n] lghx?nfO{ d'Vo ;|f]t JolQmsf] ?kdf ;xefuL
agfO{ tLg} lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?af6 tfnLd ;~rfng x'g]5 .
-3_ tfnLddf cGt/;d"x ;ldlt ;~rfng ug{df cg'ejL Pshgf ;ldlt cWoIfnfO{
;|f]t JolQmsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg]5 .
&=* ;d"x kl/rfng tfnLd -! lbg]_M -s_ sa'lnotL jg ;d"x k|To]s jif{ lhNnfx?df yk
x'Fb} uPsf 5g . gofF ;d"x u7g ePkl5 k|To]s ;d"xsf ;b:ox? / lghsf bDklQnfO{
sa'lnotL jg ;d"x ;~rfng k|lqmofaf/] cfjZos tfnLd ynf]df g} lbg ;s] ;d"x
;~rfng k|lqmof l56f] / lbuf] x'g]5 .
-v_ s[lif ljsf; a}+s, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;d"x ;~rfng
k|lqmof af/] ljz]if cg'ej /x]sfn] pQm If]qdf sfo{/t s[lif ljsf; a}+s, ;fgf
ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;lqmotfdf of] tfnLd ;~rfng x'g]5 .
-u_ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLd ;~rfng ubf{ k'/fgf] tyf k|efjsf/L sa'lnotL jg ;d"xsf]
cWoIfnfO{ klg ;|f]t JolQmsf] ?kdf lng' kg]{5 .
*= e|d0fM lgDg adf]lhdsf] e|d0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ jg sfof{nosf] gd{; cg';f/ x'g]5 M
*=! s[ifs e|d0f -lhNnf leq_M -s_ gofF ;d"xx?af6 5gf]6 eO{ cfPsf !–! hgf
JolQmnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L lhNnf leq pbfx/0fLo ;d"xx?df # lbgdf ga9fO{ e|d0f
u/fOg]5 .
-v_ e|d0fdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g' kg]{5 .
-u_ e|d0fsf] p2]Zo sa'lnotL jgdf ;kmntfk"j{s sfd ul//x]sf ;d"xsf] gofF
;d"x;Fu cg'ejsf] cfbfg–k|bfg u/L sfo{qmd k|lt c7f]6 / cfTd ljZjf; hufpg'
xf] .
*=@ s[ifs e|d0f -cGt/ lhNnf_M -s_ ;se/ k'/fgf] ;d"xaf6 5gf]6 eO{ cfPsf !–! hgf
JolQmnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L cGo lhNnfx?df tLgj6} lgsfox?;Fu ;DjlGwt ;kmn sfo{:ynx?
e|d0f !) lbgdf ga9fO{ u/fOg]5 .
-v_ e|d0fdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g' kg]{5 .
-u_ o;df tLgj6} lgsfosf !–! hgf lhNnf:t/af6 sfo{qmd x]g]{ sd{rf/L ;dfj]z
ul/g]5 .
*=# lkN8df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] e|d0f -cGt/ lhNnf_M -s_ cGt/ lhNnf s[ifs e|d0f ePsf]
If]qdf of] a9Ldf !) lbgsf] e|d0f u/fOg]5 .
-v_ tLgj6} lgsfosf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DjlGwt :ynut sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L of]
e|d0f ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-u_ o; e|d0fsf] p2]Zo sfo{qmd kl/rfng ug{ sd{rf/Lx?df c7f]6 / cfTdljZjf;
hufpg' xf] .
-3_ Joj:yf ldNg] eP s[ifs e|d0f / o; e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd Ps} kN6 klg ug{
;lsg]5 .

157
 -ª_ sfo{qmdF+u ;DjlGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf :yfgLo JolQmnfO{ ;d]t e|d0fdf ;dfj]z
u/fOg]5 .
(= g;{/L Joj:yfkg ;xof]uM -s_ g;{/L Joj:yfkg tfnLd k|fKt ug]{ gofF ;d"xn] g;{/L ;~rfng
ug{ g;{/L Joj:yfkg ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{5g .
-v_ g;{/L ;~rfng u/];Ddsf] nflu z'?df k|lt g;{/L jg sfof{no;Fu
;Demf}tf eP adf]lhd lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ cfjZos kf]lnlyg y}nL, Ps ju{ld6/ df6f]
rfNg] hfnL, ;/b/ k|lt g;{/L #)) ld6/ cfwf OGrLsf] kf]lnlyg kfOk, emf/L, Ps
;fj]n / /lhi6/ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 pknJw x'g]5 .
-u_ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf g;{/L ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df s"n ld6/ kfOkdf ga9fO{ cfjZostf cg';f/
g;{/LnfO{ yk36 kfOk, Xof08 kDk jf @)) ln6/ 8«dsf] Joj:yf lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-3_ lj?jf lng]af/] jg sfof{non] ;Demf}tf ubf{ 36Ldf k|hftL cg';f/ ^Æ eGbf cUnf] :j:y
lj?jf dfq vl/b ug]{ . ;fgf lj?jfx? :j:y /x]df csf]{ cf=j=df k|fyldstf lbO{ vl/b
ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-ª_ ;Demf}tf ubf{ s'g hftsf] slt ;+Vofdf s'g 7fpFdf lj?jf nufpg] xf] ;f] :ki6 pNn]v
x'g' kb{5 .
-r_ g;{/L ;~rfng ug]{ JolQmn] s'g hftsf] slt lj?jf s;nfO{ ljt/0f ePsf] xf] :ki6 v'Ng]
u/L /]s8{ /fVg] .
-5_ ;DjlGwt jg OsfOn] klg s'g ;d"xsf] g;{/Laf6 s'g hftsf] slt lj?jf vl/b u/L
s'g 7fpFdf ljt/0f ePsf] xf] ;f]sf] /]s8{ /fVg] / ;f]sf] Psk|lt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{
pknQw u/fpg] . g;{/L Joj:yfkg ;xof]usf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u ;DjlGwt
/]~h/af6 pknAw x'g]5 .
-h_ ;j} ;~rfng eO/x]sf g;{/Lx?df ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ ljp /
kf]lnJofu pknJw u/fpg] .
-em_ glhs}sf] ;fd'bflos jg g;{/Laf6 ;d"xn] lj?jf lng rfx]df lj?jf vl/b ug{
;lsg]5 .
!)= aLp vl/b tyf ljt/0fM -s_ s/f/ ;Demf}tf ;d"x;Fu eP adf]lhdsf] s'g s'g hftsf] aLp
slt kl/df0fdf rflxG5 cg'dfg u/L aLp pknJw x'g] :yfg klxrfg ug]{ .
-v_ klxrfg ePsf 7fFpdf ;d"xsf g;{/L tfnLd k|fKt JolQmnfO{ aLp ;Íng ug{ nufO{
lghaf6 ;Íng ePsf] /fd|f] aLp cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] gd{; cg';f/ vl/b u/L ;d"x
g;{/Ldf cfjZostf cg';f/ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ .
-u_ :yfgLo :t/df aLp pknAw x'g g;s]df jg sfof{non] cGo If]qaf6 klg aLp vl/b u/L
dfu cg';f/ aLp pknJw u/fOg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;d"x g;{/Ldf lgMz'Ns aLp ljt/0f ul/g]5 . ;f]sf] /]s8{ ;DjlGwt OsfOdf /flv cfˆgf]
sfof{nodf Psk|lt k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ g;{/L ;~rfng ug]{n] :yfgLo :t/df g} aLp ;Íng u/]df aLp NofP kl5 g;{/L ;~rfng
ug]{nfO{ /sd e'Qmfg ug]{ . o;f] ug{ ;s] g;{/Ldf l56f] lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

158
!!= lj?jf vl/b tyf ljt/0fM -s_ ;d"x g;{/L;Fu lj?jf vl/b ug]{ ;Demf}tf ubf{ cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
gd{; cg';f/ ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
-v_ gd{; cg';f/ ;Demf}tf ubf{ s'g} lj?jfsf] k/ndf]n klg gp7L g;{/LnfO{ 3f6f kg]{ b]lvPdf
;f] af/] cfˆgf] plrt /fo ;lxt s]Gb|df kqfrf/ ug]{ .
-u_ ;d"x g;{/Laf6 lj?jf pTkfbg x'g g;s]df l5d]ssf] ;d"x g;{/L, ;f] gePdf ;fd'bflos
g;{/L / ;f] klg gePdf lghL g;{/Laf6 klg gd{; adf]lhd lj?jf vl/b u/L ;d"xdf
ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-3_ ;d'bfodf lghL a[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflu lj?jf pknAw u/fpFbf slDtdf bz k}+;f k|lt lj?jfsf]
b/n] ;DjlGwt ;d"xn] d"No lnO{ ;f] p7]sf] /sd ;d"x sf]ifdf hDdf ug{ ;Sg]5g .
-ª_ s[ifssf] cfsf+Iff cg'?k / ;se/ ax'p2]zLo lj?jfx? h:t}M nK;L, lrp/L, lsDa', a8x/,
cf]v/ cflb lj?jf pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbOg' kg]{5 .
!@= u|fld0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{M -s_ o; sfo{af6 sa'lnotL jg ;d"xx? tyf ;f] If]qsf
;d'bfosf] pTkfbg ahf/df k'¥ofpg ;dosf] art / b'/L sd x'g hfg' sf] ;fy} ;d'bfodf
;fgf vfg]kfgL sfo{qmd tyf :s'n ;'wf/af6 ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 .
-v_ o; sfo{sf] nflu k|To]s ;d"xn] % jif{ cjlwsf] nflu hDdf ? !%,))). /ds k|fKt
ug]{5g . ;d"xn] j]Un} jf c? glhssf ;d"xx?sf] /sd ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L cfˆgf] If]qsf]
uf]/]6f] k'n–k'n];f ;'wf/, :s'n ;'wf/, ;fgf vfg]kfgL sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;d"x tyf
;d'bfo nfeflGjt x'g]5g .
-u_ jflif{s sfo{qmddf of]hgf ;dfj]z u/fPkl5 ;DjlGwt ;d"xx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
u7g ul/Psf] ;ldltn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 .
-3_ o; k|sf/sf] k|To]s sfo{df a9L eGbf a9L hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ k|fKt x'g] /sd ;se/
;fdfu|L vl/bdf k|of]u ul/g' kg]{5 .
-ª_ o; k|sf/sf] sfo{df s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] jf lhNNf l:yt cGo sfof{nox?sf] jf
k|f]h]S6 sf]cf]l8{g]6/af6 v6fOPsf k|fljlw1sf] ;xof]u lnOg]5 .
-r_ o;/L vr{ x'g] /sd k|To]s ;d"xsf nflu s] slt vr{ eof], ;f]sf] clen]v lhNnf jg
sfof{nodf clgjfo{ ?kdf /flvg' kg]{5 .
!#= cfod"ns sfo{qmdM o; cGtu{t l56f] cfo x'g] vfnsf tfnLd / sfo{x? x'g]5g . o; sfo{qmd
;~rfng ubf{ lgDg ljifodf Wofg lbOg' kg]{5 M
-s_ cfod"ns sfo{ tyf :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgdf cfwfl/t ;Lk ljsf; tfnLd ;d"xsf
;b:ox?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ lgwf{l/t tfnLd sfo{qmd ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-u_ tfnLd ;DjGwL sfo{df ?lr ePsf / tfnLd ;lsPkl5 kl/of]hgf clgjfo{ ?kdf ;~rfng
ug]{ vfnsf JolQmx? dfq o; tfnLddf ;xefuL x'g kfpg]5g .
-3_ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLddf pko'Qm ;xefuLx? 5gf}6 u/L k7fpg] sfo{sf] nflu ;DjlGwt
;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf jf ;DjlGwt a}+s zfvf, k|zfvf, pkzfvfnfO{ klg
cg'/f]w ul/g]5 .
-ª_ tfnLd l;sfO cfPkl5 kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/fpg cfjZos C0f tyf cGo
;xof]u ;DjlGwt cfof]hgf, a}+saf6 clgjfo{ ?kdf pknAw u/fOg' kg{]5 .

159
 -r_ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLddf dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg' kg]{5 .
-5_ ;se/ ;d"xleqsf] Ps JolQmnfO{ Ps} lsl;dsf] tfnLddf dfq ;xefuL agfO{ ;Lksf]
;b'kof]u u/fOg]5 .
cfod"ns sfo{qmdx?M -s_ sa'lnotL jg ;d"xn] k|fKt u/]sf] jg If]qaf6 l56f] cfo x'g]
vfnsf] sfo{x? dWo] pGgt 3fF;, cd[;f],afF;, lgufnf] nufpg] sfo{x? pT;fxjw{s
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;DjlGwt lgsfox?n] ljleGg k|sf/sf jg:ktLx? sa'lnotL jgdf
/f]Kg ls;fgx?nfO{ pknJw u/fP cg';f/ s:tf] lsl;dsf] lj?jf s:tf] 7fpFdf x'g ;Sg]
ls;fgnfO{ ;d"x u7g kl5sf] b'O{ jif{ leq cg'ej k|fKt x'g] u/]sf]5 .
-v_ b'O{ jif{ k'/fgf ;d"xx? sa'lnotL jg If]qdf k|To]s ;b:on] clgjfo{ ?kdf !.!
/f]kgLdf cd[;f] / csf]{ !.! /f]kgLdf afF; jf lgufnf] cfkm}n] lj?jf ;Íng u/L
/f]Kg] sfo{ u/L lj?jf x's]{df lhNnf jg sfof{non] gd{; cg';f/ /sd ls;fgnfO{ e'QmfgL
lbg]5 / !&)) ld6/ eGbf prfOsf] hUufdf lgufnf] / hl8j'6Ldf hf]8 lbOg]5 .
-u_ lj?jf x's]{ kl5 ls;fgn] /sd e'QmfgL lngsf] nflu ;d"xn] cfˆgf] ;b:ox? dWo]
ss;n] slt lj?jf sxfF nufO{ x'sf{Psf] ;f] sf] nut k|dfl0ft u/]sf] kq lh=j=sf= df
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt /]~h/n] :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L x'ls{Psf] lj?jfx?sf] uf]6f uGtL
u/L l;kmfl/z u/]sf] cfwf/df lh=j=sf= af6 ;d"x dfkm{t ls;fgnfO{ e'QmfgL x'g]5 . Ps
/f]kgLdf cd[;f] #%) lj?jf;Dd, afF; !) af]6 / lgufnf] !@% af]6;Dd /f]Kg ;lsg]5 .
-3_ x's]{sf] lj?jfsf] e'QmfgL lbg'eGbf klxn] lh=j=sf=df uf=lj=;=, j8f, ;d"x, ;b:osf]
gfd, lj?jfsf] hft / ;+Vof, e'QmfgL ePsf] ldlt / /sd cflb v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft
u/fO{ /lhi6/ /flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-ª_ hl8j'6Lsf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf] nflu h'g If]qdf h'g lsl;dsf] d"Nojfg hl8j'6L x'g] hfgsf/L
ls;fgnfO{ 5 ;f]xL lsl;dsf] hl8j'6Lsf] aLp, lj?jf Ps /f]kgL sa'lnotL jg hUufdf
k|lt ;d"x ;b:onfO{ nufpg nufpg] / ;f] sf] gd{; cg';f/ e'QmfgL lbg] .
-r_ df}/L kfng sfo{qmd df}/L kfng x'g] u/]sf]If]qdf l;ldt ul/g]5 . ;d"xleq s;}n] df}/L
kfn]sf] 5 eg] To; lsl;dsf] JolQmx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L cfw'lgs df}/L kfng tfnLdsf]
Joj:yf u/L ltgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] If]qdf df}/L kfng sfo{df pTk|]/s, dxsf] ahf/
Joj:yfkssf] ?kdf pkof]u ul/g]5 . lghsf] l;kml/zdf ;d"xsf cGo ;b:ox?nfO{ df}/L
kfngsf] nflu C0fsf] Joj:yf a}+saf6 ul/g]5 . lhNnfx?df s[lif ljsf; sfo{non] df}/L
kfngaf/] k|rf/ k|;f/sf] sfd ul//x]sfn] pQm sfof{nosf] ;xof]u lng' j]z x'g]5 .
-5_ dfu eP adf]lhd cGo cfod"ns sfo{ klg u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
!$= pGgt r'nf] h8fgM -s_ pGgt r'nf] k|f]df]6/sf] tfnLd k|fKt JolQmn] k|fyldstfsf] cfef/df
cfˆgf] If]q cGt{utsf sa'lnotL jg ;d"x jf ;b:ox?df / ;d'bfodf ;d]t pGgt r'nf] h8fg
sfo{ u/fpg]5g\ .
-v_ pGgt r'nf] h8fg sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 k|f]df]6/nfO{ k|lt r'nf] cg'bfg
k|fKt x'g]5 .
-u_ k|f]df]6/n] cfˆgf] If]qsf ;d"x tyf ;d'bfodf uO{ r'nf] ;DjGwL k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L pkef]Qmf
;d"x tyf ;d'bfonfO{ o;sf] pkof]lutfaf/] dx;'; u/fO{ r'nf]sf] dfu ;Íng ug]{5g .

160
 dfu ;Íng ubf{ ;d"xsf] gfd, h8fg u/fpg] ;b:osf] gfd, ;d'bfosf] eP 3/d"nLsf]
gfd, uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= cflb pNn]v u/L nut /]~h/sf] l;kml/zdf lhNnf jg sfof{nodf
pknAw u/fpg]5g .
-3_ dfu ;Íng nut cg';f/ r'nf] h8fg ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 cg'bfgsf] k|yd
ls:tf e'QmgL /]~h/sf] l;kml/zdf ul/g]5 .
-ª_ r'nf] h8fg ul/;s] kl5 k|f]df]6/n] Ps dlxgfleq k|To]s r'nf]sf] cg'udg u/L r'nf]sf]
sdL sdhf]/L x6fO{ k|To]s r'nf] /fd|/L rn]sf] / pkef]Qmfn] r'nf] /fd|/L ckgfPsf] egL
;xL u/]sf] sfuh k]z x'g cfPkl5 cg'bfgsf] bf];|f] ls:tf e'QmfgL /]~h/sf] l;kml/zdf
ul/g]5 .
-r_ k8\sg] vfnsf] 9'Ëf kfOg] 7fFpdf r'nf] h8fg ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ kmnfd] 58sf] nflu ?= %).
;Dd vr{ k|lt r'nf] Joxf]l/g] / yk /sd cfjZos k/]df pkef]Qmfn] g} Joxf]g{] 5g .
-5_ If]q cg';f/ uf=lj=;, j8f, ;d'bfosf JolQm, ;d"xsf] ;b:ox? sxfF h8fg ePsf] r'nf]sf]
nut jg sfof{nodf /flvg]5 .
!%= pTs[i6 ;d"x k|ltof]lutfM -s_ h]i7 cfif9 leq Ps jif{ k'/fgf] eO;s]sf ;d"xx? dWo] pTs[i6
sfo{ u/]sf] ;d"xx?nfO{ sb/ kq / gub k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .
-v_ pTs[i6 ;d"x 5gf}6 ubf{ lgDg adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg kmd{ tof/ u/L
;d"xn] cfˆgf] d"NofÍg cfkm}n] u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ;dGjo sfo{bnn] 5gf]6
ug]{5 M
-!_ sa'lnotL jgdf r/Lr/g /f]Sg] sfo{ ePsf],
-@_ cfˆgf] j:t'x? aw'jf u/L kfNg],
-#_ g;{/L ;~rfng u/L a9L lj?jf pTkfbg ug]{,
-$_ k|fs[lts jgsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ug]{,
-%_ a9L pGgt 3fF; nufO{ pkof]udf Nofpg],
-^_ kz' a9L pTkfbglzn ePsf],
-&_ ;d"xsf] j}7s lgoldt j:g] / ;d"x lgodsf] kfngf ug]{,
-*_ jrt ;Íng / art kl/rfng /fd|f] ug]{,
-(_ C0fsf] ;b'kof]u ug{], C0fsf] efvf gg3fpg] / cGo cfod"ns lqmofsnfk ug]{
tyf
-!)_ ;fdflhs / ;fd'bflos sfo{df ;3fpg] cflb .
-u_ 5gf}6 ePsf ;d"x g]tfx?nfO{ jftfj/0f lbj;sf] cj;/df af]nfO{ ;df/f]xdf sb/kq tyf
gub k'/:sf/ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 .
-3_ gub k'/:sf/ ;d"xsf] sf]ifdf hDdf x'g]5 .
-ª_ k'/:sf/ gd{; cg';f/ x'g]5 .
!^= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfgsf] ;xeflutfM-s_a9\bf] sfo{qmd cg';f/ hgzlQm k|fKt x'g g;Sg]
/ sd{rf/LnfO{ a9L sfo{af]em lbFbf :t/o'Qm sfd x'g g;Sg] / yk /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/
;d]t pknJw u/fpg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ k/LIf0fsf] ?kdf kl/rfng ul/Psf]
xf] .

161
 -v_ oL ;+:yfn] tLg]} lgsfosf] cflwsfl/s ?kdf ;DjlGwt lgsfox?n] g} ug'{kg]{ k|fljlws sfd
;d]t ;j} sfd ug'{ kg]{5 h:t} ;"rgf k|sfzg, jg l;dfÍg, kz' lrlsT;f ;]jf cflb .
-u_ oL ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfˆgf] k|zf;lgs, ljsf; vr{sf] ?kdf Go'gtd /sd lbOPsf] x'Fbf
logLx?n] u/]sf] sfddf ;d"xn] kfpg] ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]usf] nflu lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g / ;DjlGwt
lgsfosf] ah]6af6 Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ oL ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] sfd k'/f gu/]df ;+:yf :jo+ lhDd]jf/ eO{ lgh;Fu cfof]hgfn] u/]sf]
;Demf}tf /2 x'g ;Sg]5 .
-ª_ oL ;+:yfx?n] ug]{ sfd nIo lgwf{/0f eO{ ah]6df ;d]t Joj:yf ePsf]df pQm ;+:yfsf]
cs{d0otfn] ubf{ nIo adf]lhd sfd :jtM gx'g] x'Fbf pQm nIo k"lt{ geP jfkt ;DjlGwt
lgsfo lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}g .
-r_ t/ pQm ;+:yfn] ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 ;dodf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ cflwsfl/s ;xof]u / ;dy{g
clgjfo{ ?kn] ;DjlGwt lgsfon] k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 .
!&= k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/LM
!&=! rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bgM -s_ rf}dfl;s sfo{qmd cg'?k ;DkGg ePsf] sfo{x?sf] k|ult
;dfj]z u/L k|To]s rf}dfl;ssf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DjlGwt s]Gb|Lo, lhNnf tyf ;]jf
s]Gb|;Dd csf]{ rf}dfl;ssf] klxnf] dlxgf leq pknJw u/fO;Sg' kg]{5 .
-v_ o; k|ltj]bg lgDg adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/g' kb{5 M
-!_ cfof]hgfsf] kl/ro
-@_ rf}dfl;sdf ePsf sfo{qmdx?, k|To]s sfo{qmdaf/] 5f]6s/Ldf s;/L, sxfF, slxn],
ls;fg tyf sd{rf/L ;+Vof -dlxnf k'?if_ cflbaf/] ljj/0f lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ sfo{qmddf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf
-$_ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL cGo sfof{nox? / k|fh ] S] 6, Pg= lh= cf]= ;Fusf] ;dGjo l:ylt .
-%_ sa'lnotL jg ;d"xx?df ePsf] d'Vo d'Vo afbljjfb .
-^_ b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? / ;dfwfg ug{ ;'emfj
-&_ cGo sfo{x?M
lhNnfaf6 ul/Psf] ;'k/Lj]If0f
s]Gb|af6 ul/Psf] ;'k/Lj]If0f
cfof]hgf e|d0fdf cfPsf cfuGt'sx?
-*_ tflnsfx?M
-s_ rf}dfl;s nIo / k|ult
-v_ rf}dfl;s ah]6 / vr{
-u_ tfnLd, uf]i7L tyf e|d0fsf] ljj/0f -dlxnf k'?if tyf ;|f]t sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;+Vof, :yfgx? ;d]t_
-3_ jflif{s sfo{ tflnsf -k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bgdf dfq_
-ª_ cGo

162
!&=@ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgM -s_ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k'l:tsf csf]{ cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
rf}dfl;s leq s]Gb|df k'Ug' kg]{5 .
-v_ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg lgDg adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/g' kg]{5 M
!= sa'lnotL jg sfo{qmd / jg, kz' ;]jf, a}+s÷;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf
cflbsf] lkmN8 clkm; ;d]t bzf{pg] u/L lhNnfsf] gS;f
@= lhNnf ljj/0f -5f]6s/Ldf_
2.1. ef}uf]lns
2.2. hnjfo' -tfkqmd, jif{f_
2.3. hUufsf] pkof]u
2.4. jgsf] lsl;d tyf If]qkmn
2.5. hg;+Vof -hftL ;d]t_
2.6. lzIff
2.7. oftfoft
2.8. ;~rf/
2.9. :jf:Yo
2.10. lah'nL
2.11. a}+s tyf ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgfx?
2.12. cGo ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx?
#= sfof{nosf] kl/ro
#=! sfof{nosf] p2]Zo
#=@ sfof{nosf] ;+u7g tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yf
#=# sfof{nosf] lkmN8 OsfO{x? / 9fSg] uf= lj= ;= x?
#=$ sfof{nosf] ljleGg sfo{qmdx?
$= cfof]hgf kl/rfng
$=! cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L
$=@ jflif{s sfo{qmd / nIo
$=# jflif{s nIo / k|ult
-%_ sa'lnotL jg ;d"xaf/] hfgsf/LM
-s_ dlxnf ;b:o ;+Vof
-v_ If]qkmn
-u_ x:tfGt/0f jif{, cflb
-^_ sa'lnotL jg g;{/L / lj?jf pTkfbg
-&_ sa'lnotL jg ljsf;
&=! k'g/f]Tkfbgn] 9fs]sf] If]q
&=@ a[If/f]k0fn] xfn;Dd 9flsPsf] If]q
&=# 3fF; -:6fOnf],df]nf;]h_ n] 9flsPsf] If]q
&=$ afF;, lgufnf]n] 9flsPsf] If]q
&=% cGo cfod"nd lj?jfn] 9fs]sf] If]q
&=^ sfo{of]hgf gljs/0f

163
 *= cfod"ns sfo{qmd / To;sf] k|efjsfl/tf
-s_
-v_
-u_
(= ;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf]sf] h8fg / k|of]u
!)= u|fld0f k"jf{wf/ sfo{qmd
!!= cGo ;fdfu|L ljt/0f
!@= tfnLd÷uf]i7L÷cWoog e|d0f
-s_ sd{rf/L
-v_ ls;fg
-u_ s]Gb|:t/sf] tfnLddf efu lnPsf sd{rf/L / ls;fg
!#= sa'lnotL jg s[ifs ;d"x,art tyf C0fsf] l:yltM
-s_ lgoldt ;d"x a}7s
-v_ lgoldt ;d"x art
-u_ ;d"x art kl/rfng
-3_ C0f k|fKt ePsf]
-ª_ C0f lt/]sf]
-r_ efvf gf3]sf] C0f
!$= cGt/;d"x u7g / l:ylt
!%= k|ltof]lutf / k'/:sf/
!^= ;dGjoM
-s_ lhNnf / lkmN8 :t/
-v_ cGo lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo
!&= sfo{qmddf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf
!*= u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmd
!(= sa'lnotL jg / ;fd'bflos jgaLr ;dGjo
@)+= d'Vo d'Vo cfuGt'sx?af6 sa'lnotL jgdf ePsf] e|d0f ljj/0f
@!= sfo{qmdaf6 ePsf] k|efj
@@= ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;Def/
@#= ;d"xx?af6 ePsf pNn]vlgo sfo{x?
@$= cGo pNn]vgLo sfo{x?
@%= tflnsfx?
@%=! jflif{s sfo{qmd nIo tyf k|ult
@%=@ ut jif{x?sf] ;d]t u/L Psd'i7 nIo / k|ult
@%=# aflif{s ah]6 / vr{
@%=$ ut jif{x?sf] ;d]t u/L Psd'i7 ah]6 / vr{
@%=% ut jif{x?sf] ;d]t b]lvg] u/L sa'lnotL jg ;d"x nut
@%=^ g;{/Lx?sf] nut tyf cj:yf
@%=& sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfd gfd];L nut, sfd u/]sf] cjlw
@%=* sa'lnotL jg ;d"xsf] nut
-u_ pNn]lvt x/]s ljifodf slDtdf s]xL nlvg' kg]{5 . k|ltj]bg g]kfnLdf n]Vg ;lsg]5 .
164
 lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^@

l:js[t ldlt M @)^@.)@.!)

k|:tfjgf
lhNnfdf /x]ssf jg ;|f]tx? – jg If]q, e" tyf hnfwf/ If]q, ;+/lIft If]q, dWojlt{ If]q, jg:klt,
jg cg';Gwfg, h}ljs ljljwtf / k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f, j}1flgs Joj:yfkg Pj+ bLuf]
pkof]uåf/f jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg], jghGo pTkfbgdf a[l4 u/L lhNnfjf;Lsf] cfjZostf
k"/f ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ;[hgf u/L u/Llj lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], jg ;|f]t Joj:yfkgaf6
k|fKt x'g] nfex?nfO{ plrt 9+un] ljt/0f u/L ;fdflhs Gofo :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], /fli6«o
tyf :yfgLo /fhZj a[l4 ug]{ h:tf p2]Zox?sf] kl/k'lt{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg jg lgodfjnL, @)%!
sf] bkmf ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fusf] Jofks 5nkmn / ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b – !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd tyf k|f/De M -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ælhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] :yfkgf /
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^@Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,–
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ ælbUbz{gÆ eGgfn] jgsf] ;fem]bf/L Joj:yfkg lbUbz{g, @)^) ;Demg' kb{5 .
-ª_ æpkef]Qmf ;d"xÆ eGgfn] P]g, lgodfjnL, lbUbz{g ;+of]lht, ul7t ;d"xnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-r_ æpkef]QmfÆ eGgfn] jg ;+/If0f ug{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg eO{ To;sf] nfedf
;xeflutf x'g] JolQm jf 3/kl/jf/nfO{ hgfpg] 5 .
-5_ æ;dGjo ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf $ adf]lhd ul7t lhNnf jg ;dGjo
;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æOsfO{Æ eGgfn] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf !! adf]lhd ul7t OsfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æ;fem]bf/Æ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfox?
-jg ljefu, If]lqo jg lgb]{zgfno, lhNnf jg sfof{no, lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no_,
:yfgLo ;/sf/ -lhlj;, uflj; / gkf_ / ;DalGwt jgsf jg ;Dkbfsf] pkef]u ug]{]
pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .

165
 -`_ æ;/f]sf/jfnfÆ eGgfn] v08 æemÆ df ePsf lgsfox?sf ;fy} ;DalGwt jgsf] ;+/If0f
Pj+ ljsf;df rf;f] /fVg] ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox? lhNnf jg sfof{no, lhNnf kz'
ljsf; sfof{no, dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, jGohGt'
cf/Ifsf] sfof{no, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, /fhgLlts bn, jg tyf jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt
;d"xx?, jg k}bfjf/;Fu ;DalGwt pBdLx?, :yfgLo kqsf/nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ æ;DalGwt lgsfoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno,
jg ljefu, e"–;+/If0f ljefu, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu, If]lqo jg
lgb]{zgfno, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf jg sfof{no, lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no, /fli6«o
lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' cf/If sfof{no / lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-7_ æ:yfgLo lgsfoÆ eGgfn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{
;Demg' kb{5 .
-8_ æjgÆ eGgfn] k"0f{ jf cflz+s ?kdf ?vx?n] 9flsPsf] If]q ;Demg' kb{5 .
-9_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-0f_ æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] ;ldltsf
cWoIf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] 5 .
-t_ æ;b:o ;lrjÆ eGgfn] lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldlts]f ;lrjnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-y_ æ;lrjÆ eGgfn] lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] OsfO{sf] ;lrjnfO{ hgfpg] 5 .
-b_ æIf]qLo jg ;dGjo ;ldltÆ eGgfn] If]lqo jg lgb]{zssf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ePsf]
If]qLo :t/sf] ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-w_ æpk–;ldltÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf ( adf]lhd ul7t pk–;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .

#= nIo tyf p2]Zo M lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5M
-s_ nIo M lhNnfs]f k|fs[lts jftfj/0f / jg If]qsf] h}ljs >f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg Pj+
bLuf] pkof]usf] nflu cfjZos ;dGjo u/L jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;xhLs/0fsf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
-v_ p2]Zo M jg If]qsf] /fli6«o gLlt cg'?k lhNnfs]f jg If]qsf] ;dli6ut Joj:yfkgsf] nflu
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;fem]bf/L Pj+ ;xeflutfdf jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg
ug{ of]hgfs]f th'{df ug]{, sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo Pj+ cg'udg ug]{ / k|fKt x'g] nfex?
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / n}+lËs ;dfgtf k|a4{g ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .

kl/R5]b – @
;dGjo ;ldlts]f u7g / sfo{ ;~rfng

$= lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L a9Ldf @& hgf ;b:o /xg] u/L ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g
ug]{5 M

166
-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efklt – cWoIf
-v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;DalGwt ljifout ;ldlts]f ;+of]hs – ;b:o
-u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
dlxnf ;b:o– -Ps_ – ;b:o
-3_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj -:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L_ – ;b:o
-ª_ kl5Nnf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd cg';f/ qmdzM rf/j6f
/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?– -rf/_ – ;b:o
-r_ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l:yt gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v – ;b:o
-5_ lhNnfsf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3sf] cWoIf – ;b:o
-h_ lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf k|d'vx? -/fli6«o lgs'~h÷ jGohGt'
cf/If÷;+/If0f If]q, lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no, lhNnf jg:klt sfof{no,
lhNnf s[lif sfof{no, lhNnf kz' ljsf; sfof{no / dlxnf ljsf;
sfof{no_ – -al9df ;ft_ – ;b:o
-em_ lhNnf leqsf jghGo pBf]uLx? dWo] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3åf/f dgf]lgt
Pshgf k|ltlglw – ;b:o
-`_ lhNnfleq /x]sf] pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?sf k|ltlglwx?dWo] dlxnf b'O{
;lxt a9Ldf– -kfFr_ – ;b:o
-6_ lhNnfl:yt jg÷jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt u}/;sf/L Pj+ ;fd'bflos
;+:yfx?af6 k|ltlglw– -b'O{_ – ;b:o
-7_ lhNnfdf dlxnf ljsf; Pj+ n}+lus ;dfgtfsf If]qdf sfo{/t
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw– -Ps_ – ;b:o
-8_ lhNnf jg clws[t– -Ps_ –;b:o ;lrj
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf kb]g afx]ssf cGo ;b:ox? rog ubf{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;dGjodf
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{5 .
%= ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ M lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldltn] ug]{ sfo{x?
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\–
-!_ /fli6«o jg gLlt Pj+ jg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt P]g / lgodfjnLx?, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
P]g tyf lgodfjnLx?sf] ;d]t clwgdf /xL lhNnfsf] jg ljsf; Pj+ pkof]usf nflu
sfof{Gjog gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw tof/ ug]{,
-@_ lhNnfsf jg ljsf; of]hgf, cfjlws Pj+ jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf, P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf
tf]lsP adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df ug]{, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] klxrfg tyf k|fyldsLs/0f
u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-#_ lhNnf jg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;fem]bf/x? klxrfg u/L pgLx? aLr ;dGjo / ;xof]u
clea[l4 ug{ ;fem]bf/x?sf] e"ldsf / Ifdtf klxrfg u/L jg If]q ljsf;sf cfof]hgf
;~rfngdf ;+nUg u/fpg], cGt/ lhNnf ;DaGw :ki6 u/L cfk;L ;xof]u k|a4{g ug]{
tyf jg If]qsf] ljsf;df b]lvPsf åGb / ljjfbx? ;dfwfg ug]{,
167
 -$_ lhNnf jg ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cg'ud, d"NofÍg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/L k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug]{, ;ldIff ug]{ tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, If]lqo jg ;dGjo ;ldlt / If]lqo jg
lgb]{zgfnodf k]z ug]{,
-%_ jg If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if sf]if v8f ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{,
-^_ lhNnfleq ;fem]bf/L jg Joj:yfkg ;d"x ;fd'bflos jg ;d"x / jg;Fu ;DjlGwt cGo
;d'x u7g ug{ cfjZos jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{, tby{ ;ldlt u7g ug]{,
-&_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf cfPsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{, u/fpg],
-*_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] If]q tyf l;df tf]Sg,]
-(_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] k]z u/]s]f sfo{of]hgf cWoog u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DjlGwt lgsfodf
k]z ug]{,
-!)_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] cfly{s nufgL tyf nfesf] jfF8kmfF8 k|lqmof tf]Sg,]
-!!_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?sf] cg'udg / d"NofÍg sfo{ ug]{,
-!@_ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{,
-!#_ lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;DjlGwt cGo k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] sfd ug]{ .
^ cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M
-!_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{,
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] j}7s jf]nfpg ;b:o ;lrjnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-#_ j}7sdf k|ltj]bg, k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ÷u/fpg],
-$_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;b:ox?nfO{ sfdsf] jfF8kmfF8 ug]{ tyf To:tf sfdx?sf]
;dGjo ug]{,
-%_ ;dGjo ;dltsf sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ kf/bzL{ jgfpg k|oTgzLn /xg] ,
-^_ jg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd ÷cfof]hgfx?sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug]{,
-&_ ;b:o tyf ;b:o;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo / ;~rf/ sfod ug]{ ÷u/fpg],
-*_ j}7sdf lg0f{o ubf{ dt j/fj/ ePdf lg0f{fos dt k|bfg ug]{,
-(_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 ljleGg ;+:yfx?df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ .
&= ;b:o ;lrjsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;b:o ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
jdf]lhd x'g]5 M
-!_ cWoIfsf] ;Nnfx / lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] j}7s jf]nfpg], j}7ssf] sfo{;"rL
-Ph]G8f_ tof/ ug]{, lg0f{o k'l:tsf tof/ u/L k|df0fLt u/fpg] / lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk ptf/
u/L ;b:ox?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] ,
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;DjlGwt sfuhft tYofÍ, ;"rgf, clen]v b'?:t /fVg],

168
 -#_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos sfo{x? ug]{ ,
-$_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ ,
-%_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, k|:tfj cflb tof/ ug]{ ,
-^_ pk–;ldltsf j}7sdf efu lng] ,
-&_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
*= ;b:ox?sf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M
-!_ ;djGo ;ldltn] ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{,
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] j}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ ljifoj:t'sf] 5nkmndf ;lqmotfk"j{s efu
lng],
-#_ cfkm"n] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] ;+:yfdf ;dGjo ;ldltsf lg0f{x?sf] hfgsf/L lbg / ;dGjosf]
jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ tyf lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
( = pk ;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] p2]Zo / sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;dGjo
;ldltn] ljleGg pk–;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] pk–;ldlt u7g ubf{ lglZrt ljifo, sfd / ;dodfjlw tf]ls b'O{hgf
dlxnf ;lxt j9Ldf kfFr hgfsf] ;b:o /xg] u/L ljleGg pk–;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!)= pk ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg
ug]{,
-@_ tf]lsPsf] ljifo / If]qsf] cjnf]sg u/L of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug{],
-#_ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof u/L ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg ;lxt
l;kmf/L; ug,]{
-$_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
!!= OsfO{sf] u7gM -!_ lhNnf jg ;dGjo ;ldlt cGtu{t sfo{ ;ldltsf] ?kdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf
;b:o /x]sf] Ps OsfO{ u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] jg tyf jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;ldltsf]
– ;+of]hs
;+of]hs
-v_ jg If]qdf sfo{ u/]sf dWo]af6 dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] clws[t– -Ps_ – ;b:o
-u_ lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]s]sf] /]~h/– -Ps_ – ;b:o
-3_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] lgo'lQm u/]sf] ;+rf/ tyf d"NofÍg clws[t– -Ps_ – ;b:o
– ;b:o
-ª_ ;xfos jg clws[t– -Ps_
– ;lrj

169
 -@_ s'g} lhNnfdf Ps eGbf a9L ;xfos jg clws[tsf] b/jGbL ePdf lhNnf jg clws[tn]
;b:o ;lrj tf]Sg]5 .
-#_ ;xfos jg clws[tsf] b/jGbL gePsf] cj:yfdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] tf]s]sf] /]~h/n]
;b:o ;lrjsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 .
!@= OsfO{sf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M OsfO{sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-!_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] kfl/t u/]sf gLlt tyf lg0f{ox? ;DalGwt lgsfo dfkm{t sfof{Gjog
ug]{, u/fpg],
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltdf k]z x'g] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?, cfof]hgf k|:tfjx? d'NofÍg u/L
l;kmfl/z ug]{,
-#_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf sfo{qmd÷ cfof]hgfx? ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwt
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{,
-$_ ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ jgIf]q;Fu ;DalGwt gLltx? agfpg ;xof]u ug]{,
-%_ ;dGjo ;ldlt cGt/utsf sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{,
-^_ lhNnfsf] jg If]q ljsf;sf nflu u}/–;/sf/L If]q, k]zfut ;+:yf, lj1 cflbaf6 k|fKt
k|:tfjx?nfO{ ;dGjo ;ldltdf k]z ug]{,
-&_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
!#= kbfjlw ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -s_ ;dGjo ;ldtsf kb]g ;b:o jfx]ssf cGo ;b:ox?sf]
kbfjlw b'O{ jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] kb]g ;b:o jfx]s cGo ;b:ox? ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 k'gM Ps k6s
dgf]go x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
!$= kb Tofu ug{;Sg]M -s_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf kb]g ;b:o jfx]s cGo ;b:on] cWoIf dfkm{t
lnlvt /flhgfdf lbO{ kb Tofu ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-v_ pk–;ldltsf kb]g ;b:o jfx]s cGo ;b:on] ;b:o ;lrj dfkm{t ;dGjo ;ldltdf
lnlvt /flhgfdf lbO{ kb Tofu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ pkbkmf -s_ / -v_ jdf]lhd k|fKt /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq kb Tofu u/]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-3_ /flhgfdf :jLs[t kZrft vfln x'g cfPsf] kbdf jfFsL cjlwsf] nflu ;DalGwt If]qs]f
JolQmnfO{ ;dGjo ;ldltn] lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
!%= ;b:otf sfod g/xg]M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;dGjo ;ldlt / OsfO{sf] kb]g ;b:o jfx]ssf cGo
;b:osf] ;b:otf sfod /xg] 5}g M

170
 -s_ /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePdf,
-v_ dgfl;j dflkmssf] ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd j}7sdf cg'kl:yt ePdf,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf ;hfo kfPdf,
-3_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] l;4fGt / p2]Zo lj?4 s'g} sfd u/]sf] egL ;dGjo ;ldltn] k|dfl0ft
u/]df,
-ª_ kbfjlw ;lsPdf,
-r_ d[To" ePdf,
-5_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sf]if lxgfldgf u/]sf] egL ;dGjo ;ldltn] k|dfl0ft u/]df .

kl/R5]b–#
a}7s / sfo{ k|0ffnL
!^= ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df slDtdf tLg
k6s -k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf Ps k6s_ a:g]5 .
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] :yfg, ldlt / ;dodf a:g]5 .
-#_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIf;Fu ;Nnfx u/L ;b:o ;lrjåf/f af]nfOg]5 .
-$_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] ;"rgf a}7s a:g] ldlteGbf slDtdf ;ft lbg cufj}
;b:ox?nfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgfdf a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox? ;d]t ;dfj]z
x'g'kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} ljz]if sf/0f k/L t'?Gt ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g'kg]{ ePdf cWoIfn] jf
cWoIfsf] cfb]zn] ;b:o–;lrjn] b'O{ lbg cufl8 a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL ;lxtsf] ;"rgf lbO{
a}7s af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ s'g} ljz]if kl/l:yltdf pk–;ldltsf slDtdf @%Ü ;b:ox?n] dgfl;a sf/0f hgfO{
ljz]if a}7s af]nfpg cg'/f]w u/]df ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5g\ . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf a}7sdf
pkl:yt ;b:ox?n] cfkm" dWo]af6 5fg]sf] ;b:on] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-&_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] s'g} JolQm tyf ljz]if1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ To:tf]
cfdlGqt JolQmnfO{ a}7sdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5}g .
-*_ a}7sdf ePsf 5nkmn tyf lg0f{onfO{ ;b:o–;lrjn] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf clen]v /fvL
a}7ssf] cWoIfaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ a}7s ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!)_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox? o; ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g]5g\ .

171
!&= pk–;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ pk–;ldlts]f a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .
-@_ pk–;ldltsf] a}7s ;+of]hsn] tf]s]sf] :yfg, ldlt / ;dodf a:g]5 .
-#_ pk–;ldltsf] a}7s ;+of]hs;Fu ;Nnfx u/L ;b:o ;lrjn] af]nfpg]5 .
-$_ pk–;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] ;"rgf a}7s a:g] ldlteGbf slDtdf # lbg cufj} ;b:ox?nfO{
lbg'kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgfdf a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox?;d]t ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ pk–;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;+of]hsn] ug]{5g\ . ;+of]hssf] cg'kl:yltdf pk–;ldltsf]
a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox?n] cfkm"dWo]af6 5fg]sf] ;b:on] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5g\ .
-^_ a}7sdf ePsf 5nkmn tyf lg0f{onfO{ ;b:o–;lrjn] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf clen]v /fvL
a}7ssf] ;+of]hs k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ a}7s ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw pk–;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ pk–;ldltsf ;b:ox? o; pk–;ldlt;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu ;dGjo ;ldlt k|lt
hjfkmb]xL x'g]5g\ .
!*= OsfO{sf] a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ OsfO{sf] a}7s ;fdfGotof dlxgfsf] Psk6s a:g]5 .
-@_ OsfO{sf]] a}7s ;+of]hsn] tf]s]sf] :yfg, ldlt / ;dodf a:g]5 .
-#_ OsfO{sf] a}7s ;+of]hs;Fu ;Nnfx u/L ;lrjn] af]nfpg] 5g\ .
-$_ OsfO{sf] a}7s a:g] ;"rgf a}7s a:g] ldlteGbf slDtdf # lbg cufj} ;b:ox?nfO{
lbg'kg]{ . To:tf] ;"rgfdf a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox?;d]t ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ OsfO{sf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;+of]hsn] ug]{5 . ;+of]hssf] cg'kl:yltdf a}7sdf pkl:yt
;b:ox?n] cfkm"dWo]af6 5fg]sf] ;b:on] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-^_ a}7sdf ePsf 5nkmn tyf lg0f{onfO{ ;lrjn] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf clen]v /fvL
;+of]hsaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ a}7s ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw OsfO{n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ OsfO{sf] ;b:ox? o; OsfO{;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu ;dGjo ;ldlt k|lt hjfkmb]xL
x'g]5g\ .
!(= u0fk"/s ;+VofM ;dGjo ;ldlt, OsfO{ / pk–;ldltsf] a}7s ;~rfng ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
u0fk"/s ;+Vof x'g]5–
-s_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s a:bf u0fk"/s ;+Vof tTsfn sfod /x]sf] s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
;f7L k|ltzt x'g]5 .
-v_ pk–;ldltsf] a}7ssf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof k|To]s k6s Go"gtd tLghgf ;b:osf] pkl:ylt
x'g' kg]{5 .
-u_ OsfO{sf] a}7s a:bf u0fk"/s ;+Vof Go"gtd rf/hgf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{
x'g]5 .

172
@)= a}7s eQf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM ;dGjo ;ldlt, OsfO{ / pk–;ldltsf] a}7s a:bf ;dGjo
;ldltn] tf]s]sf] a}7s eQf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

@!= a}7ssf] lg0f{o M -s_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;dGjo ;ldlt, OsfO{ /
pk–;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldlt / pk–;ldltsf] lg0f{o sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu ;b:o–;lrjn] k|dfl0ft
ug]{5 .

kl/R5]b–$
sfo{of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog k|lqmof / cg'udg
@@= lhNnf jg If]q Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{dfM ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnfdf jg If]q Joj:yfkg
of]hgfsf] th'{df b]xfo adf]lhd ug]{5 M
-s_ lhNnf jg If]q of]hgf th'{df M ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnfsf] jg If]q Joj:yfkgsf nflu
lhNnf:t/Lo bL3{sfnLg of]hgf -u'? of]hgf_ sf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu jg
tyf e"–;+/If0f d+qfnodf k]z ug]{5 .
-!_ o:tf] u'? of]hgf tof/L ug]{ qmddf ;dGjo ;ldltn] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, jg
tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf ljefux?, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno, lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg Pj+ ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ u'? of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;DalGwt cGo ljifout If]qsf u'? of]hgf tof/ eO;s]sf]
eP To:tf of]hgf;+u ;dGjo sfod u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ lhNnf jg If]q cfjlws of]hgf M ;dGjo ;ldltn] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf]
cleGg c+usf] ?kdf jg If]q ljsf; cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ug]{5 . o:tf] of]hgfnfO{
cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf;+u cfj4 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!_ ;du| lhNnfsf] cfjlws of]hgf tof/ eO{;s]sf] eP ;dGjo ;ldltn] cfjZos k/]
dWofjlw d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df jg If]qsf] of]hgfnfO{ cBfjlw ug{ lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltdf l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pk;ldltn] jg If]q cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfo]fu, :yfgLo
ljsf; dGqfno / jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno4f/f hf/L ul/Psf lhNnf ljsf;
of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ afXo ljz]if1sf] ;]jf lng ;Sg] M dfly -s_ / -v_ df pNn]lvt sfo{x? u/fpg ;dGjo
;ldltn] afXo ljz]if1 tyf ;xhstf{sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-3_ jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd / ah]6 M ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;DalGwt ljifout dGqfno
/ ljefux? /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf
u'?of]hgf / cfjlws of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd / ah]6 th'{df
ug'{ kg]{5 .

173
 -!_ th'{df ul/Psf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd ;dGjo ;ldltn] pk–;ldlt u7g u/L 5nkmn
u/fO{ :jLs[ltsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ of]hgfx? ;xeflutfTds tj/df th'{df ug'{kg]{ M pk–;ldltn] bL3{sflng, cfjlws Pj+
jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;xeflutfTds k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 . cfof]hgfx?sf]
5gf}6 ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, gu/kfnLsf, ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6
;xeflutfTds tj/n] 5gf}6 ul/Psf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .
@#= cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug'{kg]{M ;dGjo ;ldltn] dfly pNn]lvt ul/Psf
sfo{qmdx?sf] af/]df sfof{Gjog ug{ / To;sf] pkfb]otfaf/] pk–;ldlt u7g u/L
lj:t[t cWoog ug]{ u/fpg] .
@$= cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6M pk–;ldltn] cWoog u/L k]z u/]sf] sfo{qmdx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{
;dGjo ;dltsf] a}7sn] 5nkmn u/L k|fyldstf tf]Sg'kg]{ .
@%= lhNnf jg If]q Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjoM ;dGjo ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf]
jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx? dfkm{t ul/g]5 .
-!_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] lghL If]q jf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 sfof{Gjog u/fpg] sfo{qmd÷
cfof]hgfsf nflu k|fljlws Pj+ ljQLo k|:tfj dfu ug]{5 . k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx?
dfly 5nkmn u/L pko'Qm b]lvPsf k|:tfjx? :jLs[t u/L nfu' ug'{, u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ lghL tyf u}/–;/sf/L If]qsf] k|:tfjx? :jLs[t ubf{ lhNnf leqsf lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L
If]qsf k|:tfjnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{no Pj+ lgsfox?n] nfu' ug]{ sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfx? lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
@^= lhNnf jg If]q Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f M -!_ cg'udg ug]{ M ;dGjo
;ldltn] lhNnfleqsf sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog cg'udg cfkm} jf pk–;ldlt u7g
u/L ug{;Sg]5 . o;/L cg'udg ubf{ k|lqmof, ;fwg ;|f]t pknlAw tyf glthfx?sf ;"rsx?nfO{
cfwf/ agfpg' kg]{5 .
-s_ cfjZostf / cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ OsfO{n] ;"rsx? ;lxtsf] cg'udg
kmf/dx? tof/ ug]{5 .
-v_ OsfO{n] cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ 6f]nLdf cfjZostfg';f/ ;DalGwt k|fljlws
;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] k|fljlwssf] ;]jf lngnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{nodf
cg'/f]w ug{' kg]{5 .
-u_ cg'udgsf] k|ltj]bg OsfO{ dfkm{t ;dGjo ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ ;dGjo ;ldltdf 5nkmn ePsf] cg'udg k|ltj]bg pk;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno tyf ;DalGwt sfof{nodf ;'emfj
;lxt sfo{jfxLsf nflu k]z ug]{5 .

174
 -@_ ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ M ;dGjo ;ldltn] pk–;ldlt u7g u/L ;~rflnt sfo{qmd÷
cfof]hgfsf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug{;Sg]5 . o;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ ;dGjo ;ldltn] s'g} Ps ;b:osf]
;+of]hsTjdf ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;d]t /x]sf] 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-s_ ;'kl/j]If0f 6f]nLn] sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog of]hgf cg'?k eP gePsf],
of]hgfsf] u'0f:t/ sfod eP gePsf] / sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf cj/f]w, ljjfbx?
;d]tsf] cWoog u/L OsfO{ dfkm{t ;dGjo ;ldlt ;dIf 5nkmnsf] nflu k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{]5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] o:tf] k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn u/L cfjZos 7x¥ofPdf lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldlt, If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno tyf ;DalGwt sfof{nodf ;'emfj ;lxt
k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M dfly @% -!_ / -@_ df pNn]lvt ljifox?df ;DalGwt sfo{qmd÷
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?nfO{ ;dGjo ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{zg
lbg;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgb]{zg kfng ug'{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–%
sf]ifsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@&= ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sf]ifM ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sf]if / sf]ifsf] ;Grfng b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-!_ lhNnf ljsf; sf]if cGt{ut ;dGjo ;ldltsf] Ps 5'§} sf]if /xg]]5 . pQm sf]ifdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf /sdx? hDdf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-s_ lhNnf ljsf; sf]ifaf6 lgsfzf ePsf] /sd,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ s'g} lglZrt sfo{sf] nflu k|fKt /sd,
-u_ bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt /sd,
-3_ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 k|fKt /sd,
-ª_ ;xof]u, pkxf/, cflbaf6 k|fKt /sd, /
-r_ ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo /sd .
@*= sf]ifsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] kfl/t u/]sf] aflif{s sfo{qmd
/ ah]6 OsfO{n] ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? dfkm{t vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'
kb{5 .
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldlt cfkm}n] vr{ ug]{ sfo{qmdx?df ;ldltsf] gfddf vftf vf]nL sf/f]jf/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}+s sf/f]jf/sf] nflu OsfO{sf] ;lrj / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] n]vf
k|d'vsf] b:tvtaf6 vftf ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

175
@(= sf]if ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf M -!_ sf]ifjf6 lhNnfsf] h}ljs ljljwtf tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng
sfod /fVg] / k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgjf6 cfo cfh{g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;DjGwL
sfo{s|dx?df vr{ ul/g]5 .
-@_ sf]ifdf ;+lrt /sdnfO{ lhNnfn] to ul/Psf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf]
cfwf/df sfo{s|d tyf vr{sf] aFf8kmf8 ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0fo{ cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-#_ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ ljifout sfo{qmdsf nflu k|fKt /sd ;f]xL sfo{qmddf
vr{ ug'{ kg]]{5 cGo sfo{qmd / lzif{sdf vr{ ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-$_ sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]lsP jdf]lhd ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] n]vf /fVg' kg]{5 /
To;df n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|zf;lgs vr{ tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ jh]6sf] jfFsL /sd M Ps cfly{s jif{df vr{ x'g g;sL jf+sL /xg uPsf] jh]6sf]
/sd rfn' jif{df cw'/f /x]sf cfof]hgf / sfo{qmd eP ;f] k'/f ug{ tyf gofF sfo{s|d
;~rfng ug{sf] nflu cfufdL jif{sf] jh]6df ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ k|zf;lgs vr{sf] xb M g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg /sd tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf] k|ltzt
eGbf j9L k|zf;lgs sfddf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ cfly{s k|zf;g M o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePsf Joj:yfsf] xsdf o;} jdf]lhd
cGosf] xsdf :yfgLo lgsfo -cfly{s k|zf;g_ lgodfjnL @)%^ df tf]lsP jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .
#)= n]vf k/LIf0fM -s_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] aflif{s cfDbfgL / n]vfk/LIf0f Ohfht k|fKt n]vf
kl/Ifsaf6 ug'{kg]{5 . n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnfleqsf pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? / ;DalGwt lgsfo dfkm{t ;~rfng
ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ nufO{ k|ltj]bg a}7sdf 5nkmn u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ n]vfk/LIfsn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] >fj0f dlxgfleq n]vfk/LIf0f u/L ;dGjo ;ldltdf
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgdf a]?h' b]lvPDff efb| dlxgfleq a]?h' km5\of}6 u/L OsfO{df k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–^
;ldlt ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#!= ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no÷5fkM -s_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{noM ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|zf;sLo
sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu Pp6f 5'§} sfof{no /xg]5 . ;f] sfof{nosf] k|d'v OsfO{sf] ;lrj
x'g]5 . ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf /xg] 5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] 5fk M ;dGjo ;ldltsf]] 5fk ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-u_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] dftxtdf ;d"xsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . sfof{no k|d'v / cGo sd{rf/L OsfO{k|lt pQ/bflo x'g]5g\ . ;dGjo ;ldltn]
lghx? pk/ ;b:o–;lrj dfkm{t /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{5 .

176
#@= OsfO{sf sd{rf/L / ltgLx?sf] ;]jf zt{M -s_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] of]Uotf ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;dGjo
;ldltn] ;do ;dodf tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;dGjo ;ldltn] pk–;ldlt dfkm{t sd{rf/L
lgodfjnL agfpg ;Sg]5 .
##= ;DklQ ljj/0fM -s_ OsfO{sf] ;Dk"0f{ rn, crn ;DklQ ;b:o ;lrjsf] lhDdfdf /xg]5 .
-v_ OsfO{sf] ;DklQ x/fPdf jf gfl;Pdf OsfO{ hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 .
-u_ ;dGjo ;ldlt÷OsfO{÷pk–;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;b:o ;lrjn] ;dGjo ;ldlt÷OsfO{÷pk–;ldltsf] dfOGo"6 a's lhDdf lng' kg]{5 .
-ª_ ;b:o ;lrjn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfo, ;/f]sf/jfnf, pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ kqfrf/ / sfo{
k|ult ljj/0faf/] hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–&
ljljw
#$= ;dGjo ;ldlt / ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr ;dGjoM ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnf l:yt jg tyf jftfj/0f
;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh / pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?sf]
gfdfjnL ;Íng u/L ;"rL tof/ ug]{5 . ;"rL / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf
5nkmn / cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd u/L sfo{qmdsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{5 .
#%= sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf sfof{GjogM dfly pNn]lvt u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf]
aflif{s sfo{qmd tyf cGo hfgsf/L k|To]s jif{ OsfO{ dfkm{t cWofjlws ul/g]5 . ;dGjo
;ldltn] cfˆgf] aflif{s sfo{qmd ;DalGwt lgsfosf cnfjf ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf tyf JolQm
dfkm{t sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .
#^= aflif{s k|ltj]bgM -s_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] OsfO{ dfkm{t cfly{s jif{leq ul/Psf] sfo{k|ult ljj/0f
/ cfly{s k|ltj]bg a}7s dfkm{t cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] cfufld cfly{s jif{df ul/g] sfo{qmd / cg'dflgt ah]6 a}7sdf 5nkmn
u/L cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ a}7saf6 cg'df]bg ul/Psf] aflif{s sfo{qmd, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg / cfufld jif{sf]
sfo{qmd / cg'dflgt ah]6 k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ljt/0f
ug'{ kg]{5 .
#&= lgb]{lzsf ;+zf]wgM -s_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] s'g} klg bkmf tyf pk–bkmfx?
;+zf]wg jf yk36 ug'{ k/]df ;dGjo ;ldltn] OsfO{dfkm{t k|:tfljt d:of}bf a}7sdf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ ;dGjo ;ldltn] k|fKt ;+zf]lwt d:of}bfnfO{ lj:t[t ?kdf 5nkmn u/L s"n ;b:o
;+:yfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu dGqfnodf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ dGqfnon] k|fKt ;+zf]lwt lgb]{lzsf lj:t[t ?kdf 5nkmn u/L :jLs[lt k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

177
#*= ljz]if sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ ;lsg] M ;dGjo ;ldltn] lgoldt aflif{s sfo{qmd cnfjf lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldlt jf bft[ ;+:yfsf] kxndf ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ rfx]df a}7sdf 5nkmn
u/L nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#(= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ;dGjo ;ldltn] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt s]xL clwsf/
OsfO{ / pk–;ldltnfO{ lglZrt ;do / ljifodf k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$)= sfd sf/jfxL ;b/ dflgg]M o; lgb]{lzsfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;dGjo ;ldlt,
pk–;ldlt / OsfO{sf] u7gdf s'g} q'6L jf s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm eO{ sfdsf/jfxL ePsf]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] sf/0fn] dfq ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfdsf/jfxL ab/ x'g] 5}g .

178