CODE OF PRACTICE = ** FOR FIRE PRECAUTIONS: IN BUILDINGS 1997Alright reserved. Noprtf tis publeion may Iesoprodiced, sed ina eieval ym ce aes iaany oro by any means even, chia ghocepying rsading others, ‘at ie pir pemision of he publishers “Shon Pine in Singapore 1) Sueded er ea Price: $31.00 OYOo FOREWORD ‘This edition of Code of Practice for Fite Precautions in Buildings or Fire Code 1997 is the fourth since the first edition was put out by PWD in 1974, As has boon done for previous editions, a review ofthe provisions in the code was conducted and the findings collated to form the new edition. In conducting the review for this edition, the approach taken was one of | clarifying arees of reported ambiguity; and updating of changes arising ‘rom experience gained from new developments over the past years and from feedback received from professionals. Perhaps what is more significant in this round of review is the deliberate effort by SCDF to adopt new procedures in conducting its fire fighting and rescue ‘operations, This is to enable changes to be made to certain code provisions to benefit property developers and owners, as well as professionals, without sacrificing life and fire safey. “The publication of Fite Code 1997 represents the culmination of many months of wor by the Fire Code Review Technical Committe and I would like to express my appreciation to all its members for their effort, perseverance and patienee inthis daunting task, As life and fire safety in buildings is erucial to providing a conducive envioument for Singapore to continue to develop and prosper, I call upon all in the building industry to comply with Fire Code 1997 and circulars and directions issued by SCDF. AL the same time, I recognise that with advancing technology, changing public expectations and to meet the aspirations of professionals, provisions ofthe code may need 10 be further reviewed over time. "In this regard I weleome your suggestions and we will work with you through your professional bodies to pave the way for the next edition, \Wwe Commisione anes Tan Chan Seng Singapore Gi Defence Fore 26 September 1997ob “The Singapore Civil Defence Force wishes to extents appreciation fr the eff and ontubution of members ofthe Fire Cade Review Techical Commitee ire Code Review Tecbical Commitee (Chairman Come ames Tan Deputy Charman ‘Me Boo Geok Kwang Secretary (Me KwanLian San tor ‘Me Teo Lins Teck Members iran Kwong Ching Ms Leong Wal Ying ‘Me Yap Guan Hva Mis Lab-Lee Mo Yin ir Siew You Cheong 2M Wong Yew Wah ‘Mr Chas Kim Lian Mera Beng Wee Ma Lau Keong Ong Meow Keng Leong Me Yoow Mei Ling Mr Teb Kem Jin MrLow See Seng Mis esa Tani “Maj Chris Tan Bag Kong MrEugene Toh Mr Goh Tek Tham Mag Ab Hap Mr Heng Chai Lang Mr Chor Kok Wai ‘Singapore Civil Defence Force Singapore Chil Defence Fore (FSB) ‘Singapore Civil Defence Fare (FSB) Singapore Civil Defence Fore (FSB) Singapore Insti of Archies ‘Singapore Insite of Achitets Building Consol Divisio, PWD Incividual capacity Tnsituion of gine Singapore Insituion of Engines Singapore Association of Consing Engines, Singapore Assocation of Consing Baginee, Singapore Preductvy& Standards Bead Iasinuion o Fite Engineers, Singapore Insituion of Fre Bogner, Singapore ‘Natonal Universiy of Singepxe Hovsing& Development Board (Coastuson industry Developmen: Board Singapore Civil Defence Force Singapore Civil Defence Fore (FSB) Singapore Cul Defence Fees (FSB) Singapore Civil Defence Fore (PSB) ‘Singapote Civil Defence Fore (FSB) ‘Singapore Cv Defence Fee (FSB)Chapter Chapter? Chapter3 Chapter 4 CONTENTS = General = Men a a2 a3 aa a5 26 an a8 a9 Buildings Designated for Conservation Definitions of Escape enerat Deeeminaon of Exit Reguirements “Means of Escape Requirements - General Residential Occupancy ealh Care Oeeupncy OfcerShopFatery/Wrchouse Occupancy Hotel Assembly Oospancy ‘Workers Donnteris 210. Exit Lighting and Directional Sign + Struturl Fire Precautions ul 32 3 3a 3s 36 ener Provision of Compartment Walls and Compartment Flees Fue Resistance of Elements of Stee ‘Testo ire Reisance Exteel Wal Separating Walls Compartment Walls and Compartment Floors Proeted Stats Protection of Openings xt Seas Concealed Spaces Fire Stopping ‘Resiction of Spread of Flame over Surfces of Wallan Ceilings + SitePlanning & External Fire Fighting Provision a 42 a 4“ era Provision for Extemal Aces to Building or Fir Fighting ond Accessiblity of Site to Fire Fighting Appliances ‘Accesso Buildings with Rising Mains Private Fire Hydrant ea 38 “a 3 6 7 a 6 8 3 102 18 los Tt} us. 13 us 1 169 169 im m6Chapter 6 Chapter? Chapters Chapter lecrical Power Supplies 51 nstltion 52 Primay and Secondary Supries 61 PonableExtnguisers 62 Rising Mai td Hose Rea Systems 63° Electical Fire Alam Sytem 64 Sprinkler Installation 65 Fixed Automat Fire Extinguishing Systems 65 Life “Mechanical Ventilation Smoke Control Systems 71 Air-conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation Systems 12 Pressriation for Exit Stateasee 73. Presurisation of lateral Coidrsin Hotels 74 Basement Smoke Consol System 75. Avium Smoke Control Sytem 716 —Enginered Soke Control Sytem 7.7 Andoram (Cinemas, Theatres ee) Smoke Control Stern om Systems 81 BsitLighing and But ign 82 Voice Communication System and Fie Command Centre Fire Safty Report 91 Parone 92 Submision of Outine Reprton Fre Protection & Life Safty Features 93 Contetsof he repo 94 Brief Explanatory Notes fer Outne Report ‘on Fie Protection and Life Safer Feats wa 12 ss 5 190 to i 17 201 22 24 ais, 216 us m as 226 ne 2s ns 0 oCHAPTER 1 GENERALCc 122 12.204) CHAPTER 1 ‘GENERAL. GENERAL uilicgs including shophouss, wich are designated for conservation under the Urban Redevelopment Atkoriy’s (URA) conservation programme shall comply withthe st of documents on “Fire Safety Requirements effecting ‘under Conservation” sued by URA on 28 Jul 95 under Cirular No URAMPBI93/20-CUDD. ‘The “Fire Safety Requirements affecting shophouses under Conseration” | New shall also be appliable to old shophouse, including residetial buildings sub-lause (except temporary dvelling houses), having timber Moors or staircases, | added under ‘whether designated oF not fr conservation by URA, sujet to he fllowing condiions 99 dated 13am (8) The above relation shall be applicable ro buildings that were existing before 1968; (b) There shall be no change of use to boarding houses, hotel, worker's quarters and tho like iespective wheter the building” i under ‘conservation or at and (© The uparading of fre safty works shall bo appleable tothe whole bwiling: partial uparading of buildings not acceptable, Rapid Transit Swsem Fre salty requirements fr underground, surface and elevated rapid tanst_ | New systems, mchdingtraiays, transit stats, tain mastenace depots, n- | sub-clause Tine electric substations and rapid wansit system facility buildings, shall | gdded under Comply with the cular on "Standard for Fie Safay ia Rapid Transit | Supplement ‘Systems issued by FSB. 5 Sep 2000, 122000 dated ‘Sep 2000, DEFINITIONS “Tae abbreviations listed inthe following table are used in his Code Abbreviation Bebrevation —— [Beton + BS "Bitch Seandand ad Code of Practice cc. Clause ss Singapore Standard PSB. Productivity & Standards Board "lass version sal be wel "Approved means approved by the Relevant Authorty Approved [Any office which support the atvties of ancther Purpose Groups I, V, VI, Ancillary ‘Vil and VI an is loeted within the same building orcomparenent ab the office psrpoe group serves ie termed as acllar oie.1228) (@) The ancillary offic, sick roomfist aid room, reception libby, 123 ia las ‘wating ares, staf loungelstaf ecetion room, staff rest romipantry, ‘aff changinglocker room, meting room, staf ining room ete ae ‘onsiered as ancy use and part te same parpse oup. ©) In addition, workshop, Inborteries (99 open flame), store room, smetesalfproduct holding. area ani packing/dstibution area housed ‘hin factory or warshouse Buildings are also considered as ancilary Aca of Building (@)Theares of ay storey a building or compartment shal be taken to be the total aren ef thar sore Dounded by the inner finished surfaces of he tecosing walls oy ob any ie where here sno enclosing wal, bythe ‘outermost adge of the floor on that se (@) The area of aay roam or space sal be taken tobe ett ate of ts ‘Root bounted by the ner fnithed surfaces of the walls forming the rom or spe (©) There of any partof a roof shal be taken tobe the actual visible area of such pat measured 0 a plane parallel othe pitch ofthe roof. (@) In the building under consideration, an area of refoge is an ara equately seperated from the rest ofthe building by fire resisting onstruction (ee C123 for deals), and evacuees fom the ret ofthe buiding enter the area of refi using an external corsidor tat links this are f the rest ofthe building, An area of refuge may serve as required ext ia Hen ofthe provisions given under el 12.24 (©) Anayes of efiuge may seo be an area in an adjoining bulding which i Separated from the boiling under consideration by fre resting onsnuction and evachees slr enter shis area of refuge using an txtrnl cori. (©) Anatea of refuge shall aways besccessble, Assan “Anatvum within a bulding is a large open space ereated by an opening, ora ‘Seis of openings, in oor asmblcs, ths connecting two or more sores ‘Kesar covered atthe top and is used for purposes other than the fssocated with sll shat, euch as frst, elevators and various servis. "The sies of the atrium maybe open to al floors, some of the foo, oF lesed fal or some floor by unrated oe raed freesistance construction, Basemen: Story (@) A storey ofa building which ie below the fist storey andthe floor of ‘hich sited at such lve at more dn bal the height of sue Torey is below the level of the ground adjining its perimeter walls for ‘rove tha al the length of uch perimeter wal, and ‘Areact tulding Atom Basement ory122 123 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL BUILDINGS DESIGNATED FOR CONSERVATION Buildings including shophouses, which are designated for conservation under the Urban Redevelopment Authority's (URA) conservation programme shall comply with the set, ‘of documents on “Fire Safety Requirements affecting shophouses under Conservation” issued by URA on 28 Jul 93 under Circular No URA/PB/93/20-CUDD. DEFINITIONS ‘The abbreviations listed inthe following table are used in this Code:- ‘Abbreviation Definition + BS British Standard +O Code of Practice a. Clause ss Singapore Standard PSB | Productivity & Standards Board # atest version shall be used "Approved" means approved by the Relevant Authority ‘Area of Building (a) The area of any storey of a building or compartment shall be taken to be the total area of that storey bounded by the inner finished surfaces of the ‘enclosing walls or, on any side where there is no enclosing wall, by the outermost edge ofthe floor on that side (b) The area of any room or space shal be taken tobe the total area of its floor bounded by the inner finished sufaces ofthe walls forming the room or space. Abbre- Approved building124 (©) The atea of any part ofa roof shall be taken to be the actual visible area of such part measured on a plane parallel tothe piteh of the root. (®) In the building under consideration, an ares of refuge is an area adequately separated fiom the rest of the building by fire resisting construction (see C133 for details), and evacuees from the rest of the building enter the area of refuge using an external corridor that Tinks this ares to the rest of the building. An area of refuge may serve as required exit in liew of the provisions given under C1.1.2.24 (®) An area of refuge may also be an area in an adjoining building which is separated from the building under ‘consideration by fire resisting construction and ‘evacuees similarly enter this area of refuge using an ‘extemal cotidor. (©) Anarea of refuge shall always be accessible Alive ‘An atrium within « building isa large open space created bby an opening, oF a series of openings, in floor assemblies, ‘thus connecting two or more storeys. Atrium is covered at the top and is used for purposes other than those associated ‘with small shafs, such as for stairs, elevators and various services, The sides ofthe atrium may’ be open to all floors, ta some of the floors, or closed to all or some floors by ‘unrated of rated fire-resistance construction. Basement Storey (@) A storey of a building which is below the first storey and the floor of which is situated at such a level that ‘more than half the height of such storey is below the level ofthe ground adjoining ts perimeter walls for more than half the length of such perimeter walls, and Area of refuge Atriv Basement sorey Oo oO127 128 129 1210 12 122 (®) Where the building has no storey above ground, a storey the floor of which is sinated at such a level that either the whole storey is below ground or more ‘than half the height of such storey is below the level ofthe ground adjoining its perimeter walls for more than alf the Iength of such perimeter walls ‘The boundary of the land belonging 10 the building under consideration, and including the imaginary extension ofthe boundary up to the centre of an abutting publie stret, canal or river. Construction provided (@) To seal a cavity (concealed space) against the penetration of smoke and flame, or (®) Witkin «cavity (conccaled space) 10 stop the rmovernen of smoke and flame within the evi A part of a building which encloses and is exposed ‘overhead in a room, circulation space or protected shaft (A soffit or ooflight is included as part of is surface, but ‘not the frame of @roofigh. [A space mainly used as means of access between ¢ room fo protected shaft and an exit from the building or ‘compartment. Code of practice is the standard of practice acceptable to the Relevant Authority, The Relevant Authority may adopt requirements stipulated in the slated year of publication of any referred Code of Practice or at its discretion adopt those specified in later version A part ofa building separated from all other parts ofthe same building by compartment walls and/or ‘compartment floors. A roof space above the top storey of 8 compartment is included in thst compartment. Boundary Cavity barvier Ceiling Circulation space Code of practice Compart-123 12.4 12s L216 ‘A wall or a floor which is provided for the purpose of “dividing a building into compartments forthe purpases of | (€13.2 and complies with C137, [A space enclosed by elements of a building (including a suspended ceiling or raised floor) or contained within an element but not a room, cupboard, circulation space, protected shaft or space within a flu, chute, duct, pipe oF conduit. ‘A passage providing means of access from rooms or spaces to an exit. ‘The cubical extent ofa building or compartment shall be ascertained by measuring the volume of space contained ‘within th building or compartment (2) The inner finished surfaces of the enclosing walls ‘of, on any side where there is no enclosing wall, « plane extending vertically above the outermost edge ‘ofthe floor on that side, (6) The uppersurface ofits lowest floor, and (©) In the case of a building or compartment which extends to a roof, the undersurface of the roof on, in the ease of any ether compartment, the undersurface of the ceiling of the highest storey within the compartment, including the space occupied by any ther wall, or any unprotscted shafs, ducts or structure within the space to be so messured, but ‘excluding protected Tift walls, exit staircases and ‘other accommodation (such a5 lavatory and locker rooms) which are enclosed with walls having fire resistance of not less than one hour and openings protected by doors of one kalf hour fire resistance fited with automatic self-closing device. Compart ‘ment wall & ‘compart ment floor Concealed space (cavity) Corridor Cubical extent of building or compart ment fe)1247 Laas 1219 1220 1221 ‘A dead-end is a situation within a space, normally corridor or lift lobby spaces, where exit is only possible from one end, with no possible escape from the other end. The maximum length of such dead-end spaces shall not ‘exceed 13m or 19m (sprinklered) as stipulated in Table 22A, column (vi) see diagram 1.2.17. ‘The shortest distance from a point in a room or space, ‘measured within the extemal enclosure walls ofthe room fr space to the relevant exits, ignoring internal walls, partitions and fitings other than the enclosure walls of exit passageways or exit stateases. Teludes any shutter, cover or other form of protection to fan opening in any wall or floor of a building or in the structure surrounding 2 protected shaft, regaidless of ‘whether the door is constricted of one or more leaves A device which will allow a door held open by itto close ‘automatically in the event of each or anyone of the fallowing: (2) Detection of smoke by automatic apparatus suitable in nature, quality and location, and (©) Operation of a hand operated switch fited in a suitable position, and (©). Failure of eletricty supply to the device, apparstus ‘or switch, and (4) Operation ofthe fire alarm system if eny Blement of Structure (a) A member forming part ofthe structural frame of a building or any other beam or column but not a ‘member forming part ofa roof structure only, Dead-end Direct distance Door Elects magnetic orelecto- ‘mechani cal device susceptible toamoke Element of structure1222 1224 1225 (©) A loadbearing wall or loadbearing part of wall, (©) A floor, including a compartment floor, other than the lowest floor (in contact with the ground) of a building, (@__Anexternal wall, (©) A separating wall, (9 Accompartment wal, and (@) A structure enclosing « protected shaft (protecting structure), Emergency power generating equipment that complies with the requirements stipulated in SS CP 31 Code of Practice for Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Performance and Constructional Requirements of Mains Failure Standby Generating Systems. Emergency Lighting and Exit Lighting (8) Emergency lighting means lighting provided with a secondary source of power supply. (b) Exit lighting means that part of emergency lighting, hich i provided o illuminate the exis ‘A means of egress from the interior ofthe building to an ‘exterior space which is provided by the use of the following either sinaly or in combination: exterior door ‘openings, ext staircases, exit ramps or exit passageways. but ot including access stair, aisles, corvidor doors or corridors. [A door ftom a storey, room or space which provides access from such storey, room or space to an exit fe) Emergency generator Emergency lighting and exit lighting Bait e) Exit door1226 1237 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 A horizontal extension of a vertical exit viz exit staircase ‘or a passage leading from a courtyard to an open exterior space, complying with the requirements of CL3.8 for protected shafts in respect of fire resistance ratings for enclosure walls, floors, ceilings and doors, that serves as ¢ required exit Exit passageway shall be required to comply with the provisions of CL. 2.3.2 ‘A staircase which has its enclosure constructed of ‘non-combustible material having a fire resistance of not less than the minimum period required by Cl. 33, for Elements of Structure for the part of the building in hich itis situated. Material fixed to the outside face of an external wall for ‘weather protection or decorative purpose. ‘An exit staircase open tothe outdoor air, that serves a5 @ required ext ‘An exit passageway open tothe outdoor air, that serves as required exit. External Exit Passageway shall comply with the provisions of Cl. 2.3.26) ‘An outer wall or vertical enclosut, including a part ofthe roof pitched at an angle of 70 degrees or more to the horizontal if that part of the roof adjoins a space within ‘the building to which persons have access, ‘The minimum period of time during which an element of structure or building element may be expected to function sisfacorily while subjected toa standard fire ts. A seal provided to close an imperfection of fit or any joint between elements, components or construction in @ building soas to prevent and restrict penetration of smoke and flame through that imperfection or join. Exit passage way Exit staircase External chdding External staircase External passageway External wall (or side ofa builging) Fire resistance Fire stop1234 1.235 1.236 1.237 ‘A smoke-stop lobby which is adjacent to a fie lift and designated for use by the fire fighting team during an ‘emergency. The size of the lobby shall not be smaller ‘than 6 sq m and not greater than 10 qm. The clear wiih ‘of the lobby shall not be less than 2000 mam. For air-conditioning and mechanics! ventilation systems; (8) Flexible joints means connections between ducts and equipment normally provided to isolate vibration and to allow thermal movement. (8) Flexible connections. means flexible sections of ducts provided to connect the extremity of ventilation ductwork to terminal units, extract units and grils ‘A storey ofthe building with habitable room, A habitable room means any roar not less than 6.5 my in area but does not include any bathroom, water-closel, open ‘verandah, terrace, garage and lift motor room. ‘The habitable height is the height measured fom the average level ofthe ground adjoining the outside of the ‘extemal walls ofthe building to the finished floor level of| ‘the highest habitable floor. ‘The height of building or (here relevant) of part of a building as described in the Cade, means the height of such building or par, measured fom the average level of| the ground adjoining the outside of the external walls of the building t the level of half the vertical height of the roof ofthe building or part, or the top of the walls or of the parapet (ifany), whichever i the higher. Any occupancy in which the contents or activites include ‘one or more ofthe following: (2) materials tht will flame up by themselves without the presence of any fire source below the ignition ‘temperature of 200°C, Fire- fighting lobby Flexible joints and flexible tions Habitable floor Habitable height Height of building High hazard ‘occupancy oO e} Oo1240 124i 1242 (b) materials that would produce poisonous, noxious fumes, or flammable vapour, (©) materials that would cause explosions, (2) extra high hazard o2cupancies classified under SS. CP 52, and (©) highly combustible substances and flammable liquids Loadbeating wall means a wall which supports any load in addition to its own weight In the context of this Code, masonry refers to brick or ‘conerete construction or other equivalent construction ‘approved by the Relevant Authority. Non-combustible material means any material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapour insufficient quantity to ignite when subjected to the test for ‘combustbiity prescribed in BS 476 Part 4, and includes materials of limited combusibility, such as (a) Any material of density 300 kg/m’ or more, which ‘when tested to BS 476: Par 11, does not flame and the rise in temperature onthe fumace thermocouple isnot more than 20°C; (b) Any material with a non-combustible core at least, ‘8mm thick having combustible facings (on one or ‘oth sides) not more than 0.5mm thick; and (c) Any material of density less thar 300 ky/m’, whieh ‘when tested to BS 476: Par 11, does not fame for more than 10 seconds and the rise in temperature on the centre (specimen) thermocouple isnot more thar 35°C and on the furnace thermocouple is not more than 25°C. Losdbea- ting. wall Masonry Non- combus- ible material1243 1244 124s L246 Loar Non-load bearing wall means a wall which supports no load other than its own weight Boundary presumed to exist for the purpose of this document between buildings onthe same site ‘The "occupant load” of a building or part thereof means the total number of persons that may occupy such building ‘or part thereof at any onetime, ‘The “occupant loa!" shall be established either: (@) by applying to the floor areas available for ‘occupation based on the appropriate areas per person as laid down in Table 1.2.4, or () by the actual number of occupants for whom each ‘occupied space of the building is designed as shown fon the plans, Whichever is greater unless otherwise permitted by the Relevant Authority The maximum aggregate area of unprotected areas in any side or extemal wall of 2 building of compartment as referred tin C1. 35.3. ‘An exit staircase, exit passageway, lif, chute, duct or ‘other shaft which enables persons of things or ar to pase from one compartment to another ‘Wall, floor or other part ofthe building which encloses a protected sha, but not 49 =P 0 Non-tosd Dearing wall Notional boundary Occupant load oO Permitted limit of unprotected Protected shaft oO Protecting sructureL249 1.250 (@) A wall which also forms part of an external wall, separating wall or compartment wal, oF (b) A floor which is also a compartment floor ora floor laid drzetly on the ground, or (©) Aroof. Public building means a building or part thereof used or constructed oF adapted 0 be used as a shop, office, hospital or place of public resort, not being a church, chapel, mosque, temple or other place where public Worship is or religious ceremonies are performed. For the purpose of this document, every building or ‘compartment shall be regatded according to its use or intended use a filling within one of the purpose groups set out in Table 1.2B. For designation of purpose group, where 2 building is divided into compartments used or intended to be used for different purposes, the purpose group of each compartment shall be determined sepamtely, provided that where the whole or part of @ building, oF compartment (as the case may be) is used oF intended to be used for more than one purpose, only the main purpose of use ofthat building or compartment shall bbe taken into account in determining into which purpose group it alls Remarks: Requirements for buildings not covered in ‘Table 1.2, including but not limited to Power Stations, “Telecommunication Exchanges, Incinerator Buildings, Wood Working Buildings, Rubber Factory Buildings, Matches and Fice Works Factories, Glass Factories, Chemical Plants, Petroleum Refineries and Buildings used “for the manufacture and storage of Highly Combustible Substances and Flammable Liquids, ete shall be consulted ‘withthe Relevant Authority. Public building Purpose group12st 12.52 1255 1256 1.258 1259 Relevant Authority means the Commissioner of Singapore Civil Defence Foree and includes officers authorised by him generally or specifically to exercise the powers, functions and duties conferred by the Fire Safety Act Boundary in relation to a side or external wall of a building or compartment, including a notional boundary Includes any domelight, lantern Tight, skylight or other element intended to admit daylight. ‘An enclosed space in a building that is not an enclosed circulation space or a protected shaft or an enclosed space not exceeding 750 mm in depth. AA form of compartmentation that is a part which is separated from another part of the same building by a ‘compartment wall which runs ful height ofthe part snd is in one continuous plane. ‘A wall separating adjoining buildings. A door ot set of doors placed in an internal corridor to restrict the spread of smoke by reducing draft AA lobby located atthe entrance to an exit staircase to help to prevent or minimise the entry of smoke into the staircase. The size of the lobby shall not be smaller than 3sqm, The distance required 10 be traversed from the most remote point in any room or space to the edge of a door ‘opening directly to = an exit passageway, oF ‘an open exterior space, Relevant Authority Relevant boundary Rooflight Room Oo Separated part (ofa building) Separating wall Smoke check door Smoke-stop lobby. oO ‘Travel distancec oO 1251 1252 1253 1254 1258 1256 1237 1258 12.58(A) 1259 Relevaat Authority means the Commissioner of Singapore Civil Defence Force and includes officers authorised by him generally or specifically to exercise the powers, functions and uti conferred by the Fre Safety Act. Boundary in relation toa side or extemal wall of «building or compartment, including « notional boundary Tcludes any domelight, lantern light, skylight or other clement intended to admit daylight ‘An enclosed space in a building that is not an enclosed circulation space or a protected shat or an enclosed space not exceeding 750 mm in depth. ‘A form of compartmentation that isa part which is separated fom another par of the same building by a compartment wall whieh runs full height of the part and is in one continuous plane. ‘A wall separating adjoining buildings, ‘A door ose of doors placed in an internal corridor to restrict the spread of smoke by reducing draft ‘A lobby located atthe entrance to an exit stairase to help to prevent or minimise the entry of smoke into the stairsse, ‘The S22 of the lobby shall not be smaller than 3 sq. ‘Tenancy unit refers to an individual unit or subdivided unit within a building or a compartment, and which is managed by a different operator registered with the Registrar of Companies & Businesses ‘The distance required to be traversed fom the mast remote point in any room or space to the edge of @ door opening Giectly 10 ~ an exit staiease, of an ext passageway, oF fan open exterior spice, 2 Relevant Authority Relevant boundary Rooftight Room Separated part (ofa building) Seperating wall Smoke ‘check door Smoke-stop lobby Tenancy unit Now sub-clause supplement $199 dated 31 Dec 99 ‘Travel distanceoO 1260 unless otherwise permitted under this Code as inthe case ‘of hotel bedrooms (C1274), residential apartments or maisonettes (C1.2.4.7) and exit to Area of Refuge (Cl. 22.640). ‘Where more than one exit is required from a building or portion thereof, such exits shall be remotely located from ‘each other and shall be arranged and constructed to minimise the possibility that more dhan one can be blocked by any one fire or other eiergency condition. (a) If two exits of exit access doors are required, they shall be placed at a distance from one another equal to for not less than half the length of the maximum ‘overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to ‘be served, measured in a straight line between the nearest edges of the exit doors or exit access doors Gee diagram 1.2.60(a\i) to (s)). IF the distance ‘eween the 2 exits is less than half the length of the ‘maximum overall diagonal dimension ofthe building ‘or area to he serve, it shall be considered as @ one- ‘way escape arrangement (b) In buildings protected throughout by an approved somatic sprinkler system whieh complies with the requirements of chapter 6, the minimum seperation distance between two exits or exit access doors measured in accordance with sub-clause 1.2.60(a) shall be not Jess than one third the length of the ‘maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building ‘or atea tobe served. (6) Where exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps are inter-connected by a corridor, exit separation shall be permitted to be messured along the line of travel within the exit access corridor. The exit access corridor connecting the exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps shall be protected by ‘minimum one hour fire rated enclosures, Doors ‘opening into this corridor shall have minimum half hour fire resistance rating (see diagram 12.60(c) Two-way escape (emote nest of exits) Two-way escape Reduction ‘separation Exit separation measured along exit corridor1261 1.262 1.2.63 In relation toa side or external wall of building means (2) A window, door or other opening, and (©) Any part ofthe external wall which has less than the relevant fire resistance required in CL3.5, and (©) Any pat of the external wall which has combustible ‘material more than 1 mm thick attached or applied to its external face whether for cladding or any other purpose. Anexit staircase or exit ramp serving as required exit from ‘one or more storeys above or below ground level For the parpose of intemal surfaces, includes: (@) The surface of glazing, and (6) Any part of ceiling which slopes at an angle of 70 degrees or more tothe horizontal, but excluding: () door frames and unglazed parts of doors, and (Gi) window frames and frames in which glazing is fited, and scchitraves, cover moulds, picture rails, shirtings and similar narcow members, and (iv) fitted furniture, Unprotected Vertical exit Wall surface oO‘Table 1.2A Occupancy Load Tables (Schedule? Purpose Group It Resident Schedule 3.1 Purpose Group IM Health-Care Occupancy (Hospital, Clinic & Polyclinic) [Schedule 3.2 Student Hostel, Dormitory, Old Folks Home, Orphanage, Children’s Home, Day-care Cenive, Kindergarten, Array Camp, Detention/Correction Contre Schedule 3.3 Schools, Colleges, Commercial Schools, Vocational Institution, Polytechnic, University, ‘Schedule 4 Purpose Group 1V Offices, Banks, Publishers, Stock Brokers, Schedule S Purpose Group V Shops, Shopping Centres & Arcades. Schedule Purpose Group VI Factories, Industrial Plans ‘Schedule 7.1 Purpose Group VII Hotels, Holiday Resorts, Bourding Houses, Convention Centres, Private Clubs. Schedule 72 Community Centres, Schedule 7.3 Museums, Public Art Galleries, Exhibition Centres Schedule 7.4 ‘Theatres, Cinemas, Concert Halls Schedule 7.5 Public Libraries, Schedule 7.6 Religious Buildings. Schedule 7.7 Public Sports Complex, Stadium, Public Swimming Complex. Schedule 7.8 Recreational Buildings, Amusement Centres Schedule 7.9 Eating Hooses, Restaurants, Coffee Shops, Hawker Centres, Fast Food Outlets. ‘Schedule 7.10 Bus Terminals, Train Station, Airport, Ferry Terminal [Schedule 8___ Purpose Group VIII_ Warshouses, Godowns, Cat ParksPurpose Group Table 2B Designation of Purpose Groups Descriptive ‘Title Purpose for which building or part of the building is used or intended to be used Small residential Private dwelling house such as bungalows, semi-detached houses and terrace houses, including townhouses, ‘Other residential ‘Accommodation for residential purposes othe than ‘any premises comprised in Geoup Ito inclide flats, maisonettes, apartments et, Tastitional Establishments used for teaimen, care or maintenance of persons suffering from disabilities, or educational purposes and secommodations, including hospitals, clinies, polyelinies stdent hostels, dormitories, old folks homes, orphanages, children’s homes, day- are centres, kindergartens, army eamps, detention correction eentres, schools, colleges, commercial schools, vocational_insttutions, polytechnics and universities, ‘Office ‘fice or premises used for office purposes meaning the purposes of administration, clerical work (including ‘book-keeping, accounting, drawing and editorial work et) felephone and telegraph operating and banking or as premises occupied with an office for the purposes of he activites therein carried on Shop Shop or shopping cenire including departmental sores, shopping arcades, supermarkets, drugstores, showrooms Tor sale of goods, hairdressing and beauty salons, ticketing. agencies, pawnshops, laundries andor any other similar trades or businesses, Wi Factory Factory as defined in he Factories Act, (Chapter TO, 1973, Vil Place of publi resort Premises used for social, recreational or business purposes to include hotels, holiday resorts, boarding houses, convention centres, private clubs, community centres, museums, public at galleries, exhibition centres, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, public libraries, religious buildings, public sports complex, stadium, public ‘swimming complex, recreational buildings, amusement ‘entres, eating houses, restaurants, coffee shops, hassker eentres, fastfood outlets, bus terminals, tain stations, aiport, ferry terminals and dormitories, vit Storage Place of storage (including godowns, warehouses, sores ete), deposit or parking of goods, materials andor \wehicles le) Ooo Oo Oo Powose Grout OniRacsipema, BuLDINe Hes [SPARENTS, MASONETTES FUNCTIONAL SPACES, anes occurancy Loan scvmpute 31 insrruriona, ‘BULDING YES EEALTIECARE OCCUPANCY {OsetTAL CUNIC A POLYCLIG) FUNCTIONAL SPACES REMARKS ‘occuancy 10x (hey Enter sursinss ton Lange cosa Wang a is amin oes wo Boxe oe toe. onaerrexien 30 ‘iene Cue 9 Operator Theve 38 ‘Stipa Vovingcaley 30 Pula Accomm nee Ca 200 Row (ose tei) 100 itches wo ant tho. “esas ecesimiimenss ‘ars oom a Ccsen is “ST OTT OV aU TaeOCCUPANCY LOAB-——SCHEDURES2 PURPOSE GROUPIE ——NSTTUTIONAL supe TEs. STUDENT WosTeL DoRATORY, OLD FOLK'S OME ORPHANAGE. CHILDREN'S HOME ETENTIONCORRECTION CENTRE (apenon asian sensi * Vining east Lange Fo Seo reo. Brean tom tas ‘se Sexier “ etcns a poe tt = 8 saz # i “Torey Cher aft een SatesOCCUPANCY LOAD SCHEDULES uRPose GROUP imstrunonat BUILDING TPES - ScHOOLS COLLEGES CoMBMERCLAL SCHOOLS, ‘OEATIONAL INSTITUTION POS PIECHN Universi FUNCTIONAL SPACES REMARKS. ‘occupancy Lox (ehperon ecpoe ee 0 Lxoorics scsi 2 ‘Wane Vsne 2 ‘ae ain Oe a0 Seromee no Gass Room Carper Clasoon Cie Stal Seminar en sia ea Sachse Puasa sevcoteg: Sone Sing re ing ley Sietsny Cece Room Scrreon ‘Seng Ae ‘cherie Ara “otestchngig Reon ronsinalanest =(OCCUPANCY LOAD. screpmes sunrosconoury. ——orrce suLonaTyrEs ‘OFFICES BANKS, PUBLISHERS, STOCK BROKERS FUNCTHONALSPACES REMARKS occuracy toa (pose). een Ar 20 Cares onsimeuens 2 ‘ag Aco ie tho anise ne Mistngsentar Roca " ‘wenetarey sac we ‘ingame Renee io Compas aoe 3 Denpesmso 2 Dating es ® agra” 2 Deon Room 80 Nina Rome) bo ‘Si Cen & Sop 2 ‘Toate fmt hee Seale‘occupancy Loan. ScHEDULE S| PURFOSE GROUP V svors une Trees HOS, SEDPPING CENTRES & ARCADES FUNCTIONALSPACES REMARKS Fed Cordon inte Waling Ress ‘cen Cone ‘ESonromsion Stop Raat StpemanevBense Seeman Se See Fnt out ‘inter Tolwsur onsite serge eta lat eae a ‘occupancy Loam Gepmen.‘OCCUPANCY LOAD. scmDULE S| supa TES FACTORIES. FLATTED FACTORIES, FUNCTIONALSACES REMARKS ‘OccuPANCY LOAD section Ac a0 Exons sesesimus 2 ‘ating Aes ie Tease ‘as Oe 109 tec At wa Resins et So ersten so Precren A070) pty 8 ery nay eo. Pekin Dia Aes ne Sui tecetin on, onan 2 TlesiCanpgosr Roan roosimaanees 2 Sie Roon falas = eum Pac oo Ey Torrie) Oar Oates al eens‘OccuPANCY LOAD. SCHEDULE TS PUREOSE GROUPE PLACES OF FURLIC RESORT BUILDING TYPES- wove NoubAy assoars soto FINCTIONALSPACES REMARKS ‘occupancy Lon asbicorse sccm Ss ‘nt eras 3 ioe Beton stostan aaa i Roweis inoue ek 2 Nether i oon apo us Funct sem 1s ‘kdnin Ofer oo Contene oom 2 etna com 3 Uke Sik ea ba eng Ae So S29 to Hla Cobcmner so Svmnig Pol Deck ad Svianing Po! a Sau Cnt Deen ‘ateChgeptocerRaom ronsinuamus a Richens oc se Mecho Pa oom, 338 ‘Tossa O)or afm te endorse 2(OCCUPANCY LOAD scene 72 raves maceormmbcrear sianorvee mance recruit musts axanmeriow ssa sate , nr = a ) x exec . ‘Stora Ara ian ‘Torte ayers fs atte endo See‘occuPaNcy Loap. SCHEDULE 73 PURPOSE GROUP IL PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT Bunine Tees. USEING PUBLIC ART GALLERIES, SSguamon cenraes FINCTIONALSPACES REMARKS. occupancy 1940 (paren. aan Ast 29 bcos somal 2 ‘ating reissue ie ‘civ ey Sock ace io esing fea Se bon Art is ‘koran hescene G Serge Ars ao Sop so esas iB Sts Roo stems - “otedemnging Room ‘onsiencost = eins Pa oor we asOCCUPANCY LOAD. SCHEDULE TA PURPOSE GROUP VIL PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT BuLDING TES “THEATRES, CINEMAS, CONCERT HALLS FUNCTIONALSPACES REMARKS. ‘cccupaNcy toa ores) ecpige vet io tare 38 amin oe 109 Seaing Cy bynes 1s sae, oensmatincnue - Shareng oe ie pialAVA eae $0 Procion Rea 50 Coen Seog an Resa 8 ae seasons eSOo ‘OCCUPANCY LOAD: SCHEDULE? PURPOSE GROUP Vil. FLACESOF PUBLIC RESORT BULDING TY9=s omic LMRAES FUNCTIONAL SPACES REMARKS occurancy Lox trees Rex es » Foye an one 2 LetyrComas seston = Wang Arisa 30 senate wo ay Are Se Aree 19 AacuniTeate ls ‘atmos cn 5 Boar Soage sé caters ar us Mechanical Pat Rose Evy‘occupancy Loa. FUNCTIONAL SPACES, Bapon Ae LabCerirs ig av tno tee MetagnarRooe Payer tvcaen Croat roar leant Aas Sort Guner Gere Sage Mechoval Ht Rose LACES OF PUBLIC RESORT exse2ous BULDINOS eas Ey occuraney Lox iene° ‘occuraNcy Lovo. scwEDULe 77 puLbne TEs. UBL FORTS COMPLEX STADLM FUNCTIONAL SPACES REMARKS. occumaney Loan (mpes Beeps Aca 30 byes rosie “ Geemarc xo ania se v9 en Semin Room re evant Saal 8 ‘nag ce 38 Genco auing A is Sess Cet 2 perc Sviing ot Dek 40 Fant Once io Geet Sage wo “ulehanig Pace rorsiaaoces Ss osha Pt Ras wo‘OccUPANCY LoxD- screpue78 FURPOSEGROUP VIL PLACESOFPUBLIC RESORT Buon Tvs AECREATIONN SURO MGS. FUNCTONALSPACES REMARKS COccUuRANCY LOAD (epeson atceries oninctanent I ‘ating Anas ye nee dni ce ao) vine Room t Boling Ae cette o omens at cad mete see ta Siig Bile 2» ‘Speman es 3 Disabone Dane Ae as ange Ae 3 Kanoke Longe rom ac a seen cu Dior ance are ub sin Cease En (earner 6 Sou ome B Zetec Foo osinaons = ‘Torro or) omer te caer SeteCOCCUPANCYLOAD- SCHEDULE 79 FURPOSE GROUP VL —_PLACESOFUBLIC RESORT ‘BuLaINoTYES- ING HOUSES, RESTAURANTS bres swore anne CENTRES FASTFooD overs FUNCTIONALSPACES REMARKS ‘occurancy Lon enon ep ta x0 tssieonoe sensi 2 ‘Snare o dice ho Seinen Reo i FechovOutce 8 er % Bw a Seen a he sete Are a soe Roe onsitt ~ ech Plt oon, 0 ”COCCUPANCYLOAD: «—=«SCHEDULE 7.10 PUREOSEGROUP VIE PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT BURDINGTYRES. US TEMA, TRAN STATION ARFO FINCTONALS®ACES REMARKS ‘occueaNcr Loap cohen cen Ae a0 Cay gg “otis Canes ‘ma Ores Hei Seine Room ‘Teka Oe Pho ome esege Aral Bacteria is Doms Andon Ober 30 RicsenSenc As no fen Rae simtnsus| S Sie Ae soo Talewhagng Room nonsimncout “ Ness Ft Room wo 2‘OCCUPANCY Lona. SCHEDULES FURPOSE GROUP Vin. WAREHOUSE, GODOWNS. PUBLIC CAR PARK punome Ties: WAREHOUSE, CODOWNS, CAR PARKS [FUNCTIONAL SPACES REMARKS ‘occueanev Loan (epee Menn/Seria Room 13 Padagm ee bo ont Serge 00 tent Sse 0 CleUatoting ek eBay Teiefenrgretowm Sarma 5 Kier Are ho Metane en Rom, ey 2) Caan eazy lend one aie 0 peo. 1) Forbuig pstmt one ls. azn ad lle sal be ‘sedan le eset! bins mii se pre. ‘teri eed ye een Aaa +0) pth in oe ni 0) cn at een a yar, 2 gem ue > SSE +0) etiam Comeau wei ng. sbi mas SSueaean total wrens =Diagram 1.217 DEAD END CORRIDORS oes oO oO Drawn by RIESDiagram 1.2.60(0)) 0 (a}t%) Remoteness of exit staircase ‘Arrangement of exits —_ iar 5.28000 Ding 4.266009 One-way escape arangement ‘The distance between the ext of _staressos 61 & 82 lass than alt ‘the fength ofthe max overall tlagonal dimension of te buling forfleor space rau by RIES 3s ‘with 4 howe fre rated was and hour fre ated doorDiagram 1.2.60(a)(y) Remoteness of exit staircase Arrangement of exits so Zhan — - Sn even eaen by RFS 26~ Diagram 1.2.60/¢) Remoteness of exit staircases Arrangement of exit staircases — ‘ihr fee door om OW sae = 5 ie re doce SS eS (Netto se) Remoteness of exits [s measured along 1-hour rated corridor with % hour fre doors. In place of measuring physical distance between exit stair enclosures, dlatance for purposes of determining remotaness is permitted to be measured along a protected corridor. Drawn by TFSie) CHAPTER 2 MEANS OF ESCAPE O¢ 2d 221 (CHAPTER? MEANS OF ESCAPE GENERAL, ‘The provisions of this chapter of the Code shall serve to express the intentions for determining the design, construction, protection, location, arrangement and ‘maintenance of exit facilities to provide safe means of escape for occupants from all buildings hereafter erected, altered or changed in occupancy. DETERMINATION OF EXIT REQUIREMENTS ‘The determination of exit requirements for a building shall be based upon the type of use or occupancy of the building, the occupant load, the floor area, the travel distance’ to an exit and the capacity of exits as provided in Table 2.2A and herein. Every storey of @ building shall be provided with exit facilites for its ‘occupant load. Vertical exits provided from any storey above ground level may serve simultaneously all storeys above the ground level and vertical exits provided from any storey below ground level may serve all storeys below ground level, subject to the provisions of Cl. 2.35 which prohibit basement staircases being continuous with exit staircases serving the upper storeys, unless otherwise allowed by the Relevant Authority Where different parts of « building or storey of @ building are designed for different types of occupancies cor used for different purposes atthe same time, the exit requirements of the entire building or storey of the building shall be determined on the basis ofthat type of occupancy or usage having the strictest exit requirements or the exit requirements for each building section shall be determined separately. General Mixed Occupancy2.23 22.4 228 ‘Where a building or storey of a building or a par of a building is used for multiple purposes involving different activities at different times, that purpose or use Involving the greatest number of occupants shall orm the basis for determining the ext requirements, ‘The floor areas of toilets, locker rooms, storage rooms, staff canteens, lobbies, corridors and sia cooms and spaces that serve other rooms and spaces on the same storey but are not occupied at the same time as such other rooms or spaces, may be omitted from the ‘occupant load caleulation ofthat storey of the building on which they ae located. ‘The capacity of exits, exit staircases, exit passageways, corridors, exit doors and other exit facilities shall be measured in units of width of one half of a metre, The umber of persons per unit of width shall be determined by the type of occupancy and ype of exit as listed under Table 2.2A.. In the determination of each exit width, fractions of a unit width less than 250 mm shall not be eredited. Where 250 mm or more fate added to one oF more Tull units, half of a unit of ‘wich shall be credited. ‘Where a room or space is required to be provided with to exits, cach exit shall be of sufficient width to accommodate not less than one helf the total eccupant load. The maximum travel distance for the respective types of occupancies shall be not greater than as laid dawn in ‘Table 2.2A readin conjunction wit the following: » ‘occupancy Non: simulta: occupancy Capacity of exits and exit facilities Determina tion of travel distance(@) In the ease of a floor area designed with minimum ‘wo exits, the maximum tavel distance as given in Table 2.2A shall be applicable. The maximum travel distance starting from the most remote point in any occupied space to the nearest exit, shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 2.24, and (B) In a large floor area sub-divided into rooms, corridors and so forth, the travel distance requirements of the foregoing paragraphs of this clause shall be deemed to be saisied ifthe travel distance’ does not exceed two-thitd of the ‘maximum ‘travel distance permitted under Table 22A, and (©) For the purpose of this clause, the most remote point from which the travel distance is measured shall be taken as being 400 mm from the enclosure walls ofthe room or space, and (@) Inthe case ofa hotel bedroom, travel distance shall be determined based on the provisions under Cl 2.7.4 for Exit Requirements for Hotels, and (©) In the case of residential apartment or maisonette, the travel distance shall be determined based on the provisions under Cl. 24,7 for Exit Requitements or Residential Occupancy, and (O Where Area of Refuge is provided in lieu of required exits, travel distance shall be measured to the exit door ofthe coridor leading to the Area of Refuge, and227 (@) Where permitted under Cl. 2.3.3 for exit staircases to be entered without the provision ofan exit door, the travel distance shall be measured to a position ‘where the exit door would be installed if otherwise required. No exit, exit suirease or other exit facilities shall be narrower than the minimum width requirement as specified under Table 22A. The minimum clear width ‘ofan exit door opening shal be not fess than 850 mm, ‘The maximum width of exit staircases shall be not ‘more than 2000 mm, Where staireases exceed 2000 mm in width, handrails shall be used to divide the staircase imo sections of not less than 1000 mm of width or ‘more than 2000 mm of width, For the purpose of determining the exit capacity of a staircase that is wider than 2000 mm that foems part of the required means of escape from any storey of the Duilding, that part of its width in excess of 2000 mm shall not be taken into account, “The measurement of width refered to under Clauses 2.2.7 and 2.28 shall be the clear width: (@) In the ease of an exit starease, between - (the finished surfaces of the walls, if the staircase is enclosed on both sides by walls only, or a Minisaurs wid Maximum, width Measure- sent of width227 228 229 (@) Where permitted under C1233 for exit saliéases to be centered without the provision of an exit door, the travel fistance shall be messured to a postion where the exit door ‘would be installed if otherwise required, (8) Where an ancillary office is housed within a space belonging to other purpose groups, the travel distance requirement for the ancillary office is allowed to be based on purpose group TV, provided (the ancillary offic is fire compartmented from spaces, belonging to the othee purpose groups; and (@ the ancillary office occupants shall have eccess 10 ceat() within the ancillary office compartmeat leading to direct discharge at ground level into a safe exterior Open space, info a protected ext staireate or {nternal/extermal exit passageway. [No exit, exit ssiease or other exit flies shall be narrower than the minimum width requirement 28 specified under Table 22A. ‘The minimum clear width of an exit door opening sball be not less than 850 mm. “The maximum with of ext staircases shall be not more than 2000 sam. Where staireases exceed 2000 mam in width handrails shall be ‘sed to divide the staicase into sections of not les than 1000 mm ‘of width or more than 2000 mm of width. ‘For the purpose of determining the exit capacity of staircase that is wider than 2000 mm that forms part ofthe required means of escape flom any storey of the building, that port ofits width in fexcess of 2000 mm shall not be taken info account “The measurement of width referred to under clauses 22.7 and 2.2.8 shal be the clear width: (@) Inthe case ofan exit staircase, between ~ © the Snished surfaces ofthe walls, if the staircase is enclosed on both sides by walls only, ot a Ancillary office ‘within other prpose groups ‘New sub-clause added under ‘Supplement 19199 dated ‘siDec 99 ‘Minimmor with Maximum width Measurement cof width22.10 (the finished surface of the wall and the inner side of the balustrade, if the staircase has a wall on one side anda balustrade on the other side, or (ii) the inner sides of the balustrades if the staircase has balustrades on both sides, and the projection of handrail on each side of a staircase shall not exceed 80mm. () In the case of an exit door opening, between the edge ofthe door jamb or stop and the surface ofthe door when kept open at an angle of 90 degrees in the case of a single leaf door, and in the case of a double leaf door opening, between the surface of ‘one leaf to the other when both leaves are kept fopen at an angle of 90 degrees. See diagram 22.06). ‘There shall be atleast two door openings remote from each other and leading to exits from every room or enclosed space in which the total occupant load ‘exceeds the maximum permissible occupant load for ‘one door s listed in the table below: ‘Type of Occupancy | Maximum Oseupant Load with One Door igh Hazard 10 Patient accommodation area Is ‘Classrooms 25 Dormitories 20 Godowns, stores, and factories 50 not being of high hazard type ‘Rooms and spaces with occupancy of more than 30 persons shall comply with the requirements for "Number and Width of Exits’ under C1.2.8.2 for Assembly Occupancy. Number of exits from rooms and spaces22.11 2212 (Note: For residential accupancy, see eL24 ii, For health care occupancy, see el.2.5. iil, For office occupancy, see c.2.6, iv. For hotels, see el.27, v. For assembly occupancy, ste eL2.8. There shall beat least two independent exit staircases ‘or other exits from every storey of a building, unless cthenvise permitted under other subsequent provisions ofthe code. All exits and access facilites shall be required to ‘comply with the following: (a) Exits and access facilites shall be clearly visible or thei locations shall be clearly indicated and shall be kept readily accessible and unobstructed tall ies, and (b) When more than one tenant occupy a building or a storey of a building, each tenant shall have direct access 10 the required number of exits without passing through the premises occupied by other tenants, and © When more than one exit is required from any oom or space or a storey ofa building, each exit shall be placed as remote as possible from the other as permitted under cl.1.2.60(2),(b) or (©). try at every storey evel to an exit staircase of any building or part of a building of more than four storeys above ground level shall be through: Number of| exits per storey Location ofexits & access ta ‘Smoke free approach 10 exit tae.2211 22.12 2.213 ‘Note: i, For residential ocoupanoy, see e124, ji, For health care occupancy, see cl.2.5, iii, For office/shop/factoryhvarehouse cocupaney, see cl. 2.6, iv, For hotels, see el.2.7 v._ Forassembly occupancy, see cl2.8. ‘There shall be at least two independent exit staircases or other exits from every storey of a building, unless otherwise permitted under other subsequent provisions of the code. Allrexits and access facilities shall be required to ‘comply with the following: (@) Exits and access facilities shall be clearly visible cor their locations shall be clearly indicated and shall be kept readily accessible and unobstructed atall times, and (b) Every occupant or tenant within a building or @ storey of a building shall have direct access to the required exit or exits without the need to pass through the spaces or rooms occupied by other ‘occupants or tenants, (©) When more than one exit is required from any room or space or a storey of a building, each exit shall be placed as remote as possible from the other as permitted under el.1.2.60(a), (b) or (¢) Entry at every storey level to an exit staircase of any building or part of a building of more than four storeys above ground level shall be through: 4B Amended under ‘Supplement 3/98 dated 4 Aug 98 Number of exit stair- cases or exits per storey Location of exits & access to exits Amended under ‘Supplement 3198 dated 14 Aug 98 Smoke free approach to exit staircase(@) an extemal exit passageway or external corridor, ‘The openings for natural lighting and ventilation to the corridor shall be s0 located that they face and open upon: (the external space; oF (i) a street, service road ot other public space which is open to the sky; oF (Gi) an ar-well which opens vertically tothe sky and having a min. width of 6m and a superficial plan area of not less than 931, except that for residential occupancy, the extemal corridors for smoke free approach shall comply with the requirements of C1248 and 2.49, and in the case of hotel bedrooms being served by external corridors, such corridors shall comply with 2.7.2; (6) a lobby that is separated from the adjoining areas of the building by a wall having # fire resistance of atleast hour, “The exit door shall have fire resistance of at least half an hour fitted with automatic sel-losing device conforming to the requirements of C1392. The design of a smoke-stop lobby must be such as not to impede ‘movement of occupants through the escape route The floor area of a smoke-stop lobby shall be not less than 3m and if a smoke-stop lobby also serves as a fire fighting lobby, the flor area shall he not less than 6 m= and not more than 10m" and ‘the minimum width along the narrow side shall be not less than 2m wide. The floor shall be graded from the lift door towards the lobby door with a {all not exceeding 1 in 200, Extemal approach ‘Smake-stop lobby‘A smoke-stop lobby shall be ventilated by: 2) permanent fixed ventilation openings in the external wall of the lobby; such. ventilation ‘openings shall have an area of not less than 15 percent ofthe flor area of the lobby and Jocated not more than 9m from any part of the lobby, or Gi) mechanical ventilation complying with the requirements in Chapter 7, oF (Gil) permanently fixed ventilation openings of farea not less than 15 per cent of the floor area of the lobby and Jocated not more than 9 m from any part of the lobby, opening to fan open air well which is open vertically to ‘the sky for its full height. ‘The ar-well shall have a horizontal plan area of not less than 10m? of 0. Lam foreach 300 mam of height of the building, whichever is the greater, The minimum width of such space shall not be less than 300mm. The enclosure walls to the sir well shall have @ minimum fire resistance of 1 hour and have no openings ther than ventilation openings for the smoke-stop lobby, exit staircase and toilets, (iv) cross-ventilated corridar having xed ventilation openings in atleast two external walls, The openings 10 each part of the external walls shall not be less than SO per cent of the superficial area of the wall enclosing the coridors. No part of the floor area ofthe corridor shall be ata distance of ‘more than 13m fom any ventilation ‘openings. 45(©) Exception: () whore an exit staircase of any building is cither fully pressurized in compliance with the requirements in Chapter 7 oF css ventilated through fixed unobstructed ventilation openings in at least evo external walls, the size of such opening being. not less than 10 per cent of the floor area per floor of the staircase on each of the wall, such exit staircase may be exempted from compliance with the requirements of (€12.2.13(), provided that * itis not a building belonging to purpose ‘group IIT and Vil, or a building with habitable height exceeding 60 m, and + itis nota fire fighting staircase adjacent to a fre lift as required in Chapter 6, and * doors opening into such exit staircase are fire doors of at least | hour fire resistance and fitted with automatic self-closing device to comply with the requirements of Cl. 3.9.2, of (Gi) when the occupied space adjacent to the exit. staircase achieves a smoke free condition, the Relevant Authority may consent to exemption from requirements for smoke free approach into the exit staircase 22.14 Smoke Free Approach to Exit Staircase in Basement Occupancy: ‘Smoke fee approach in basement(a) Ina building comprising more than 4 basement storeys, entry 10 exit staircases serving. the ‘basement storeys at every basement storey level shall be through stioke-stop lobbies, one of ‘whieh shall be designated as fire fighting lobby. ‘The ext tarcase connecting to the fie fighting lobby shall be pressurised to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7, and (©) In a building comprising 2, 3 or 4 basement storeys, enry at every basement storey level to at least one of the exit stireases serving the ‘basement storeys shall be through a smoke-siop lobby and where only one smoke-stop lobby is provided, i shall be required to serve as a fre fighting lobby, and (6) Smoke-siop lobbies in basement occupancies shall be required to comply with the relevant provisions under Cl. 2.2.13(b) and shall be mechanically ventilated to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7. ‘When a floor ares has access to Area of Refuge in compliance with following requirements in this Clause, the eccupant load for which vertical exits are to be accounted forthe Moor area may be reduced 10 half when one Area of Refuge is provided and to ‘one-third when two or more Areas of Refuge are provided, (a) An Area of Refuge shall be adequate in size to hold the occupant load it receives from the floor area it serves as provision for required exit, in addition to its own occupant load calculated on the basis of 0.3 m per person except for Health Care Occupancies when the occupant load shall ‘comply withthe provisions under Cl, 2.5.3 , and a Areaof refuge and exit reduction23 (b) An Area of Refuge shall be entered through an extemal corridor and the room or space or Area of Refuge shall be separated from the coridor by ‘all with minimum 1 hour fire resistance and (©) Extemal corridors when used as entry into an ‘Area of Refuge shall conform to the requirements of external exit passageway for minimum width, ‘changes in floor level, roof protection, enclosure on the open side and provision of opening of wall, between the room or space and the exit passageway, and (@) Exit doors between the room or space or Area of Refuge and the extemal corridor shall have fire resistance of at least half an hour and fitted with automatic self-closing device to comply withthe requirements ofCL 39.2, and (6) Every fre compartment in which ext reduction is permitted in connection with Area of Refuge Shall have in addition to exit through the Area(s) of Refuge at least one staircase complying with 1233. MEANS OF ESCAPE REQUIREMENTS - (GENERAL Means of escape shall be provided forall buildings by ‘one ar more ofthe facilities listed herein, Access and exit facilities not specifically covered in this Code shall not be used without the approval of the Relevant Authority. Required exits shall be kept readily accessible, and doors shall be operable and ‘unobstructed at allies during the occupancy of the builaing. General2.3.2 Exit passageways @ o Exit passegeways that serve as a means of escape ‘or required exits from any building or storey of @ building shall have the requisite fre resistance as specified under Cl 33. Internal exit passageway (]) an internal exit passageway which serves. as required exit ofthe building shall be enclosed with construction complying with the provisions of Cl 3.3, and the enclosure walls of an exit passageway shall have not more than two exit doors ‘opening into the ext passageway, and (Gi) ext doors opening into an exit passageway shall have fie resistance rating as required for exit doors opening into exit staircases, fiued with automatic self-closing device and complying with the requirements of Cl, 3.9.2 for fie resisting doors, and Gv) the minimum width and capacity of exit passageway shall comply with the requirements as provided in Table 2.2A, and (0) changes in level along an exit passageway requiring less than two risers shall be by 2 ramp complying with the provisions under 1238, and Fire resistance Internal exit passageway(vi) if the exit staircase which connects to the intemal exit passageway is pressurised, the intemal ext passageway shall not be naturally ventilated but shall be mechanically ventilated, and it shall be pressurised to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7 (6) Extemal exit passageway (an extemal exit passageway may be used as 2 External exit required exit in liew of an intemal exit passageway passageway, provided that the external wall between the exit passageway and the rest of the floor space may have venilaion ‘openings of non-combustible construction, fixed at or above a level 1.8m, measured from the finished floor level of the passageway to the sill level of the openings and such ventilation openings shall be located not lest than 3.0 m from any opening of an exit staircase and (i) an extemal exit passageway may not be subjected t the imitations of a maximum of to exit doors opening into the exit passageway, and (Gil), an extemal exit passageway may be roofed ‘over provided the depth of the roofed over portion shall not exceed 3m to avoid smoke logging, and (@v) an external exit passageway may be enclosed ‘on the open side by only a parapet wall ot solid balustrade of not more than 1.0 m in height, ando exit doors opening. into an extemal exit passageway shall have fire resistance for at Teast half an hour and fited with automatic self-closing device (@ Ventilation @ «wo all intemal exit passageways shall be neturally ventilated by fixed ventilation ‘openings in an external wall, such ventilation openings being not less than 15 per cent of the floor area ofthe exit passageway, and internal exit passageways that cannot be naturally ventilated shall be mechanically ventilated to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7, 23.3 Exit Staircase: (4) Invernal Exit Stairease @ «a an intemal exit staircase which serves as the required exit ofthe building shall be enclosed with construction complying with the provisions of Cl. 3.8, and ‘where an intemal exit staircase is directly approached fiom an external exit passageway ‘or external corridor, it shall not be necessary to provide such ‘enclosure between the staircase and the extemal exit passageway ot extemal corridor provided no unprotected ‘openings are located within 3 m from the exit staircase Ventilation Internal exit(Gi) there shall be no unprotected openings of ‘occupancy area within 1.5m horizontally ot within 3m vertically below any part of the ventilation openings located in the extemal wall oF the internal exit staircase. (©) External Exit Staircase (external exit staircase may be used as required ext in lieu of intemal ext staircase provided it complies with the requirements of exit stalrease, except for enclosure of an intemal staircase, and (ii) there shall be no unprotected openings within 3. m horizontally or within 3 m vertically below any part ofthe external exit (© Allexit staircases shall discharge at ground level directly into a safe exterior open space. However, in sprinkler protected building, maximum S0% of ‘the ‘otal building exits may be allowed to discharge directly to the ground level circulation space subject tothe following: (The discharge point of the exit staircase shall be at a location in the circulation space at ground level within sight of and with direct access toa safe exterior open space; and (Gi) The maximum distance between the discharge point ofan ext staircase andthe exterior open space shall nt exceed 10m. SiS Unproected openings External exit Discharge(Gi) The clear width ofthe exit doors leading t the safe exterior open space shall be adequate to receive the occupant load in the Ist storey cireulation space and the total number of people discharging ftom the internal exit (4) The minimum with and eapacity of ext staircases shall be as specified in Table 2.2A, and such staircases shall omply with the following: Landings Landings + exit. staircases shall be provided with landings at intervals of not more than 16 risers or less than 2 risers at every floor level, and © the minimum width of a landing and length shall be not less than the width of the staircase, and + on a staight-run exit staircase, the distance betwoen risers ofthe upper Hight ‘and lower flight need not be more than 1 i) Winders shall not be permitted in any Winders building other than for access staireases of | residential buildings and in such cases, there shall be not more than 1 winder per 90 degree (Gi) The height of riser for any exit staircase shall Risers and ‘not be more than 175 mm, and the size of treads tread shall be not less than 250 man, 8© 0 @ (Gy) When permitted to serve as exit staircases, the width of treads measured atthe narrower end shall be not less than 100 mm in residential buildings and 125 mm in other buildings and ata distance of half metre from the narrower end shall be not less than 225 mm in residential buildings and 250 mm in other buildings Handrails (every exit staircase shall have walls, grilles ‘or handrails on both sides, except that slsireases that are 1250 mm or less in width ‘may have a handrail on one side only; and (i) where the width ofthe exit staircase exceeds 2000 mum, handrails shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Cl 228. All exit staircases shall be ventilated by fixed ‘openings in the extemal walls, such openings being of area not less than 10 percent of the floor area per floor of the staircase, or mechanically ventilated 10 comply with the requirements in ‘Chapter 7, Exit staircase and occupancy area shall ‘ot share the same airvell or void for lighting and ventilation In any building of which the habitable height exceeds 24 m, any internal exit staircases without provision for natural ventilation shall be pressurised to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7. In a building comprising more than four basement storeys, the exit sisircase connecting to the fire fighting lobby shall be pressurised “Treads for circular! ‘geometric Handrails ‘Ventilation Pressurisatior234 Scissor Ext Staircase (2) Where two separate intemal exit staircases are contained within the sume enclosure, each exit staircase shall be separated from the other by non-combustible construction having fre resistance for a minimum period equal to that required forthe enclosure, and (©) Such scissor exit staircases shall comply with all applicable provisions for exit staircase. Basement Exit Staircase (2) Any exit staircase which serves a basement storey ‘of a building shall comply with all the applicable provisions for exit staircase, and (©) Such exit staircase shall not be made continuous with any other exit staircase which serves a non-basement storey of te building, and (©) Basement exit staiteases which are vertically aligned with the exit staircases of non-basement storeys shall be separated from such other exit staircases by construction having fire resistance fora minimum period equal to that required forthe enclosure, (@) Where upper storey staircase is allowed by the Relevant Authority to be continuous with that serving the basement which is naturally ventilated, the following shall be complied with ss Scissor exit stairease Basement exit Separate protected shaft Upper storey basement236 (@) o (the entry into the basement staircase shall be through a protected lobby, or directly from the basement occupancy area provided the door tothe basement staircase is minimum 1- hour fire rated, (Gi) t prevent occupants exiting continuously from upper storeys into the basement storey during an emergency, a physical barrier in the form of a door or gate could be provided scr0ss the starease landing at ground level 10 separate the discharge route of upper storeys fom the basement staircase; (Gi) smoke stop lobby shall be provided for entry imo the staircase at all storeys, including ‘basement if the staircase serves more than 4 storeys, including basement; (jv) appropriate signages shall be provided inside the staircase enclosure to direct occupants ‘out ofthe building at ground level Hardwood staircase shall only be permitted as internal access staircase in residential buildings of purpose groups I and Il, unless otherwise permitted, at the discretion of the Relevant Authority ‘Where timber staircases are permitted in units Under purpose groups I and I buildings, which are rot under conservation, the structural elements such asthe stinger supporting the treads and risers shal be constructed of non-combustible materials % Barrier Smoke stop lobby Signages Haniwood staircase Apartment or maisonette uni within residential building237 Spiral Staircase (2) Spiral staircases shall not serve as required exits ‘except that external unenclosed spiral staircases ‘when built of non-combustible materials and hhaving tread length of atleast 750 mm may serve fas required exit from mezzanine floors and balconies or any storey having an occupant load not exceeding 25 persons, and (©) Such spiral staireases shall be not more than 10 m high, Internal and external exit ramps may be used as exits in lieu of interal and extemal exit staircases. subject to ‘compliance to the applicable requirements of Cl 2.3.3. and tothe following: (@) The slope of such exit ramps shall not be steeper than {in 10, and () Exit ramps shall be straight with changes in direction being made at level platforms ot landings ‘only, except that exit ramps having a slope not ‘ereater than I in 12 at any place may be curved, and (©) Platform @) level platforms oF landings shall be provided at the bottom, at intermediate levels where required and atthe top ofall exit ramps, and (Gi) level platforms shall be provided at each door ‘opening into or from an exit ramp, and Spiral Exitramp Slope Changes in rection Platform Ooi) the minimum width of platform oF landing and length shall be not less than the widkh of the ramp, except that on a staight-un ramp, the length of the level platform or landing need not be more than I'm, and (@) Exit ramps shall have walls, guards or handrails and shall comply with the applicable requirements ‘of CL2.3.3(d) for exit staireases, and (©) All exit ramps shall be provided with nomlip surface finishes, and (Exit ramps shall be ventilated to comply with the requirements for ventilation of exit sttircases, and (@) Exitramps serving as means of escape to only one basement storey need not be protected by enclosure walls. Doors and Exit Doors (@) Exit doors shall be capable of being opened ‘manually, anc (©) Exit doors which are required to have fire resistance rating shall comply with the relevant provisions for fire resisting doors under Cl. 3.9.2, and (©), Doors and exit dors shall open inthe direction of exit travel: Guards and handrails Surface Veatiation Enclosure exemption Doors and exit doors24 (when used in an exit or protected enclosure, (ii) when serving a high hazard area, or (Gi) when serving @ room or space with more than 50 persons, and (@ Exit doors opening into exit stsirases and exit passageways shall not impede the egress. of ‘occupants when such doors swing open, and (©) Fie door to protected stairease and smoke stopifire IIR lobby shall be constructed to Incorporate a vision panel. ‘The clear opening for installation of the vision panel shall not exceed 45,000 mm* with a clear width of minimum 150mm. The vision pane! shall have the requisite fire resistance rating and shall not turn opaque ‘when subject to heat. The vision panel shall be located with the bottom edge not lower than 120mm and the top edge not higher than 1700mm measured fom the finished floor level, The provision of vision panel shall not apply f0 exit ors of residential apartment or maisonette units (9, Revolving doors shall not be used as exit doors for required exis RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY Means of escape for a building or a separate part of @ building of single occupancy of purpose group T not exceeding 4 storeys, may be provided via access staircases, and exit staircase under the provision of 12.3 is not required. Where the building has 4 storeys or levels, inclusive of attic and basement, sub-lause 3.2.4) on the provision of automatic fire alarm system fr an unenclosed extemal staircase shall be complied with, Vision pane! Residential buildings of purpose group 1a 24 24. ‘when used in an exit or protected enclosure, or ‘when serving a high hazard area or (ii) when serving & room or space with more than $0 persons, and (® Exit doors opening into exit staiteases and exit passageways shall not impede the egress of occupants ‘when such doors swing open, and (©) Fire door to protected staircase and smoke stopltire lift lobby shall be constructed 10 incorporate a vision pane. ‘The clear opening for installation of the vision pane! shall ‘ot exceed 45,000 mm? with a clear width of minirmam 150mm. The vision panel shall have the requisite fire resistance rating and shall not turn opaque when subject to Jheat. The vision pane! shal be located with the bottom edge ‘ot lower than 1200mm and the top edge not higher than 170mm measured from the finished floor level. The provision of vision panel shall not apply to ext doors of ‘residential apartment or maisonette unit, Revolving doors shall not be used as exit doors for required exit. (2) Exit door ofeach esideaial ust shall be Jeated at not more than S00mm from the sata line to prevent the ‘eation of large entrance alcovelcorridor. However, in situation where the entrance alcovelcorior leads into an ‘open sided common crsdor which meets the requirements for smoke ffee approach under cl2.48, the separation distance between the entrance aleovelcoridor and the nearest ent aircase shal not be less hun 3000r=n [RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY ‘Means of escape fora building or a separate part ofa building of | single occupancy of purpose group I, may be provided via access staireases, and exit staircase under the provision of cl.23 is not require. 88 Vision panel Resident bualdings of purpose group T244 245 ‘Means of escape fora building ora separated part of a building of purpose group If shall comply with the provision of cL.23, In a block of residential apartments or maisonettes, at Teast two independent exit staircases or other exits from every storey shall be provided in compliance with the requirements of CL22.11 unless otherwise permitted. Ina block of residential apartments or maisonettes not ‘exceeding 24m in habitable height, one exit staircase ‘only may be allowed to serve every upper storey, subjectto: (@) The exit staircase shall comply with the requirements of C1. 23.3. (8) IF the building consists of more than four storeys, approach to the exit staircase on all storeys shall comply with the requirements of smoke free approach to exit staircase under C1.2.2.13, (©) Access to the building for fire fighting appliances being provided for in compliance with the requirements in Chapter 4 In a block of residential apartments or maisonettes exceeding 24 m in height, ne exit staircase only may be allowed to serve every upper storey, subject 1 - (@) The height not exceeding 60 m unless otherwise permitted by the Relevant Authority, and (b) The single ext staircase shall serve not more than four apartments or maisonettes at each storey level, and Residential buildings of purpose group No of exit staircases oF exits per storey Provision for buildings not exceeding 24m in height Provision for buildings exceeding. 24min height(©) Provision of exits from each residential apartment ‘or maisonette shall comply with the requirements under C1246, and {(@) Travel distance from the most remote exit door to the exit staitcase fom each apartment or maisonette shall not exceed 15 m, and (@) Exit staircase shall comply with the requirements ofC123.3 forexitstaireases, and (8 Approach to the exit staircase shall be through cross-ventilted lobby. The ventilation openings having a minimum width of 2000 mm shall be ‘unobstructed from parapet wall or balustrade level ‘upwards and be positioned on opposite sides ofthe lobby such that they provide cross-ventlation ‘throughout the entre space of the lobby. Where ‘multiple ventilation openings are provided on ‘opposite sides ofthe lobby, the minimum width of cach opening shall not be Tess than 1000 mm, provided the aggregate width of the openings at ‘each opposite side isnot less than 200mm. See diagram 2.45(). (@) Fire lift shall be provided to comply with the requirements in Chapter 6, and (b) Dry tising main shall be provided to comply with the requirements in Chapter 6, and {@) Access to the building for firefighting appliances shall be provided to comply withthe requirements in Chapter 4 C2.4.6 Exits from Residential Unit (2) In each residemtial apartment or maisonette unit, the exit or exits shall be provided such that the travel distances measured from any point within the unit tothe exit door or doors shall not exceed 201 (see diagram 2.4.6(a); and (©) In addivon, in the ease of a maisonette unit comprising not more than two storeys, where & single door is provided, the door shall not be located on the upper storey ofthe unit; and i) the oor area of the upper storey shall not exceed 60 m', unless a separate exit is provided on this upper storey (€) all exits ftom residential or maisonette units shall hhave direct access to exit. staircase, exit passageway or exterior open space 2.4.7 Travel distance shall be measured fiom the door oF doors of the residential apartment or maisonette unit ‘Where a residential apartment is required to be provided with two doors atthe same storey level, and if only one way escape or one exit staircase only is provided, the travel distance shall be measured from the most remote door. IF two way escape is achieved, the travel distance shall be measured from each ofthe doors 24.8 Ina block of residential apartments or maisonettes, smoke ffee approach to an exit staircase may be permitted by means of an external corridor subject to ‘compliance with the following Exits from residential Measurement of travel distance ‘Smoke free approach to exit staircase249 (@) Such external corridors conform to the requirements of external exit passageways for ‘minimum width, headroom clearance, changes in floor level, provision of parapet wall or solid ‘balustrade which shall ot exceed 1000mm height along the outer side of the corridor. ‘The corridor ‘may be roofed over, provided the depth of the roofed over portion shall not exceed 300mm, (©) The residential apartment or maisonette shall be separated ftom the extemal corridor by an cexteral wall with fire resistance rating ofa least hour, except that ventilation openings of non-combustible construction may be fixed at or above a level of I.1 m, measured from the finished floor level ofthe external corridor tothe sill level of the opening. ‘Travel Distance (@) In a block of residential apartment or maisonete ‘where the means of escape is through an external corridor, the one-way travel distance measured from the door of the apartment oF maisonette to exit staircase may be extended to 20m provided that such provision shall not apply to residential apartments or maisonettes in «building exceeding 24m permitted under Cl 24.5, and (&) Ina block of residential apartments or maisonettes, the two-way travel distance may be extended 10 45 m if the means of escape is through an external cortdor a in Cl. 2.48, In the case of buildings which are required to be provided with rising mains, the number and distribution of rising mains specified in Chapter 6 shall be complied with, « 2) One-way travel distance Two-way travel distance24.10 241 24.2 The provisions of CL2.3.3(a)i) and (bKi) that there shall be no unprotected openings within 3m horizontally or vertically below ventilation openings of ext staircases may not be applicable inthe case of exit staircases for residential apartments or ‘maisonettes provided (@) the exit staircases are eross-ventlated and maintained under smoke-free condition at all times; and (b) unprotected openings of the apartment or maisonette units are not facing or ventilating into the exit staircase enclosures as shown in diagram 24.10, Doors of residential apartments or maisonettes opening into extemal corridors neod not have fire resistance rating, ‘An attic in buildings under purpose group 1 and IL ‘may be constructed of timber boaedings on timber joists, provided that: (2) itis protected to achieve the fire resistance rating required of the elements of structure of the building or compartment; and (6) the floor area does not exceed 25 39 m. HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCY The provisions stated herein shall apply to Health Care Occupancies which may be identified under the following categories: Protection of Residential doors opening io external corridors Alte Bee. General(@) Hospital ~ A building used for medical and surgical care and shall include general hospitals, hospitals for psychiatric care, children's hospitals, ‘with 24 hours or in-patient service. (6) Nursing Home - A building or par thereof, used for the housing and nursing care of persons, who because of mental or physical incapacity, may be ‘unable to care for their own needs and safety without the assistance of other persons. Such buildings shall include nursing and convalescent homes and homes for the aged (©) Custodian Care Facility - A building ot part thereof, used forthe housing, on a 24 hour basis, of persons who, because of age, or physical oF mental disabilities, are unable to care for their self preservation and safety. Such buildings shall include nurseries for children under 6 years of age and hospitals and institutions for the ‘mentally retarded. (@ Supervisory Care Facility - A building or part thereof, used forthe housing, on a 24 hour basis, ‘of mental health patients who may be capable of self preservation but require supervision and are receiving therapy traning or other heath related ceare and for whom there may be security _measures not under their control (©) Ambulatory Health Care Centre - A building of part thereof, used for providing services on an ‘out-patient Bass for (@)teatment for patients which would render them incapable of taking action for self preservation or safety under emergency conditions without assistance from others, such as hemolilysis units, or26 252 Gi) surgical teatment requiring general anesthesia, Number of Doors (2) In compliance with the provisions of Cl. 2.2.10 for number of doors from rooms and spaces, ro ‘openings for doors located remote from each ‘other stall be provided for any patient's sleeping room or suite of patient’ sleeping room having aan oecupaney load exceeding 15 persons, and (b) Rooms and spaces with occupancy of more than 50 persons shall comply with the requirements of CL. 2.82 for Assembly Occupancy. Where Area of Refuge serves as required exit, the calculation of area for refuge occupants shall be based on the following: (a) Hospitals - 2.8 mfperson (©) Nursing Homes - 2.8 miperson (c) Custodian Care Facility ~ 1.4 mijperson (@)_ Supervisory Care Facility ~ 0.56 m'lperson (e) Ambulatory Health Care Centre - 1.4 m/person OFFICEISHOPIFACTORY/WAREHOUSE, OCCUPANCY Inan office, shop, factory and warehouse building, at least (0 independent exit staircases or other exits shall be provided in compliance with the requirements of Cl. 22.11, except that ane exit staircase may be permitted if the building is of ron-combustible construction and not exceeding four storeys, subject to: Number of doors ‘Area of refuge - ‘ecupaney load Number of exit staircases per storey(@) The maximum travel distance on any storey ‘complying with column (i of Table 2.24; and () Exit staircase conforming tothe requirements of 1233, and (©) With the exception of office building, the gross floor area of shop, factory and warehouse building not exceeding 185m" oa any storey, including service ducts, li shafts, toilets, staircase et (@) The habitable height of the shop, factory or warehouse building not exceeding 15m ‘measured from the outside average ground level 1 the finished floor level ofthe highest floor or 4-storey whichever is lower; and (©) Access to the building for fre fighting appliances being provided for in compliance ‘with the requirements in Chapter 4 HOTELS: Hotel bedrooms with access through an intemal corridor shall comply with the requirements as follows: (8) Hotel bedrooms shall be separated from the internal corsidor by a wall having fire resistance ‘of at east | hour, and (©) Doors opening into intemal corridors shall have fire resistance of at least half an hour and fitted ith automatic self-closing device 10 comply ‘withthe requirements of CI. 3.9.2, and o Internal corridor to hotel Bedrooms.273 (©) Internal corridors shall be naturally ventilated with fixed openings in an external wall, such ventilation openings being not less than 15 per cent oF the floor area oF the internal corridor, and intemal corridors which cannot be naturally ventilated shall be pressurised to comply with ‘the requirements in chapter 7. (@) Other rooms or spaces which open into or form part of the bedroom corridor which may prejudice the means of escape provision shall be required 10 bbe compartmented to the same extent as the bedrooms, at the discretion of the Relevant Authority Hotel bedrooms with access through an extemal corridor shall comply with the requirements as follows: (2) Hotel bedrooms shall be separated from the ‘extemal coridor by a wall having fire resistance fof at least 1 hour, except that ventilation ‘openings of non-combustible construction may be fixed at or above a level of 1.1 m, measured fiom the finished floor level of the extemal corridor to the sill height ofthe opening, and (b) Doors opening into the external corridor shall ‘ot be required to have fire resistance rating, and (©) External corridors shall conform to the requirements of external exit passageway for minimum width, changes in floor level, root protection and enclosure on the open side (2) One exit door only shall be required from the hotel bedroom or suite provided thatthe distance ‘measured fiom the most remote point in the ‘bedroom or suite to the door shall not exceed 15 m, and Extemal corridor Number of exit doors from hotel bedrooms(©) Where the distance measured ftom the most remote point in the hotel bedroom or suite tothe exit door exceeds 15 m, there shall be at least ‘010 exit doors located remote from each other in accordance with e.1.2.60, and (©) Inthe case of hote bedrooms in a building fitted ‘oughout with an automatic sprinkler system ‘which complies with the requirements in Chapter 6, the distance measured from the most remote point in the bedroom or suite 10 the door shall, not exceed 20m, for bedrooms with provision for one door. 2.74 (@) The travel distance shall be measured ftom the Measurement ‘exit door ofa hotel bedroom or suite tothe exit of travel door of an exit stirase, exit passageway oF distance exterior open space, and (®) If only one way escape is provided along the corridor, the travel distance shall be measured from the most remote exit door of the bedroom, and if two way escape is provided, the travel distance shall be measured from each ofthe exit ‘doors of the bedroom, 2.1.5 (@) Intemal corridors which are not naturally Spacing ventilated shall be subdivided by smoke bariers of smoke into the following lengths: barrier ‘Building protected by sprinkle system 45m Building not protected by sprinkler 30m system (©) The smoke barirs shall consist of non- combustible parions containing, smoke check doors. The smoke bariers, including the enclosing walls the corridor, stall_ be consructed to fll height, carted righ upto form A clase joint wih th soit ofthe floor slab above, cor an imperforate noo-ombustible ceiling or the roof coverings28 (©) the smoke barriess shall be sited: at suitable Tocations across the corridor to create multiple sections, with each having free and direct access to an exit of exit stairease, ext passageway oF exit ramp, (@) smoke check doors excluding glass doors, shal be provided with clear glass vision panels having at Teast 25% ofthe surface area ofeach door lea, {€)_ smoke cheek doors shall be self-closing, swinging ‘ype and may be double-swing but shall close the ‘opening completely with only such clearance as is reasonably necessary for proper operation. The doors shall be closely fitted around their edges and the botiom clearance gup between such doors and ‘the flor shall not exeeed 4m; (0) smoke check doors shall normally be in the closed position. However, they may be left open if they are arranged to close automatically by an approved electomagnetic or electro-mechanical device ‘hich can be activated by the presence of smoke and/or the building fire alarm system, ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY ‘Assembly Occupancy include all buildings or portions ‘of buildings used for gathering together more than 50 persons for such purpose as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement or awaiting transportation, ‘Assembly Occupancies include but are not limited to Vision panel General28. Theatres, Cinemas, Assembly Halls, Auditoriums, Exhibition Halls, Museums, Skating Rinks, Gymnasiums, Bowling Establishments, Pool Rooms, Armoures, Mortuary Chapels, Libraries, Restaurants, Nightclubs, Discotheques, Churches, Dance Halls, Cub Rooms, Passenger Stations and Terminals of Public Transportation Facilities, Courtroom, Conference Rooms and Drinking Establishments. 2 Number and minimum width of exits for assembly ceccupancies shall comply with the provisions tabulated as follows Nook MinNoof | Min.Widthof Occupants Doors Coridors [0-200 2 1000 rm aor 500 2 71250 mm 301 = 1000) 3 1250 mm ‘exceeding 1000 4 1250 mm 28, 3 Assembly Occupaney with Fixed Seating: (Theatres, Cinemas, Auditoriums, Concert Halls etc) Aisles and Gangways (2) clear sisles or gangways of not less than the minimum width of corridors shall be provided round the auditorium, stalls and. baleoni leading to doors or exit doors, and (©) sisles or gangways shall be provided with intersecting rows of seating and the number of seals in a r0W shall be in accordance with the provisions tabulated as follows: n Number and ‘width oF exit facilities Aisles and pangways‘Table 2.8.3(a)i) Number of seats in a row ‘Seaiway widih] Maximum No ofeatsina row Gangway on | Gangway on mm one side tw sides 30010 324 7 14 325 0349 8 16 35010 374 9 18 375 10 399 10 20 400 10 424 u 2 42510 449 | ) 24 4500474 |) 12 26 475 0499 |) 28 500 ormore | ) Limited by the travel distance ‘The seatway shall be the minimum clear width between rows, which shall not be less than 300mm, measured asthe clear horizontal distance fiom the back of the row ahead (including seats that tip up automatically) and the nearest projection of the row behind when the seats are in upright positon. The seatway Widths shall be constant throughout the length of the row. (See diagrams 2.8.3(aXii) - A and By (6) for changes of level, steps shall not be used to overcome differences in level in aisles or gangways unless the slope of such gangways ‘exceeds | in 10, and (@) handrails shall be provided, where steps of a pitch exceeding 30 degrees or ramps of a slope exceeding I in 10 are provided in aisles or igangways flanking the seating, and284 (©) Mooring for the surface of steps and ramps forming the aisles or gengways shall be finished using non-slip materials, and (illumination of steps shall be such that each step is clearly visible when the general lighting is switched off ‘The mumber and capacity of exits from a theatre, cinema or concert hall shall be provided within its ‘wn compartment without having fo take into account exits provided for its adjoining parts of the same ‘building in which itis housed. Exception may be permitted where the occupancy load does not exceed 200, in which case atleast half the capacity of exits ‘must be provided within the compartment. ‘Where a building or part ofa building is designed as a cineplex to house multiple mini- cinemas, the means ‘of escape to be provided may be shared by all the mini-inemas. Each cineplex shall be treated as single big cinema for the purpose of determining the exit requirements under sub-clause 2.8.4 WORKERS’ DORMITORIES Dormitories include buildings or spaces in buildings ‘where group sleeping accommodation is provided for workers under joint occupancy and single ‘management, with or without meals, but without individual cooking facilities. The phrase “without individual cooking facilities” refers to the absence of cooking equipment in any room or unit ofa dormitory. Dorm