DISABILITY SPORTS IN

MALAYSIA:
The history and the conditions
the history….
 Those days, people with disability been
neglected- out of the norm, been
cursed by God, not normal.
 They been placed at the institutions far
from the society.
 Society suggested them to be killed,
buried alive etc..
 The scenario changed when Ludwig
Guttmann (neurosurgeon & neurologist)
came to England from Germany.
 Been instructed to be the director of the
Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville
Hospital.
 At that time, nobody knows what to do with
the injured war veterans.
 They are waiting to death, and traditional
methods of rehabilitation no longer be
responsive to medical, psychological needs of
the injured soldiers, civilians.
 He set up the Spinal Cord Injuries
centre at SMH in 1944.
 He’s genius and foresight was to make
sports as an integral part in the
treatment , rehabilitation of patient with
spinal injuries.
 Everyday he will observed injured
soldiers lying on bed without moving,
he is frustrated.
 Then, he asked his nurse to move the
patient. He realized they can be moved.
 Start to throw tennis size balls-ask them
to catch and throw back.
 He realized they are able to do some
activities. He organized recreational
classes.
Recreation activities was organized at
Stoke Mandeville Hospital
 He organized first Stoke Mandeville
Games in 1948.
 First game- archery. Then gradually
organized athletics, basketball, fencing,
snooker, table-tennis & swimming.
 Go international with participants from
Dutch in 1954.
 By 1960 in Rome, the first Stoke
Mandeville games /paralympic games
officially organized
Stoke Mandeville Sports Stadium during
the 1948 Games
Ludwig Guttmann greetings the
participants (1960 Rome)
the milestone….
 1960-paralympic games held at the
same city (Rome)
 1988- paralympic games held at the
same city, same venue (Seoul)
 2001-agreement between IPC & IOC-
city that bid for the Olympics MUST bid
for paralympics.
 2012- compulsory (London)
 The word paralympic- Greek word- Para
(next to/along side), lympic (Olympic)
 Not paraplegia (condition)
 Paralympic Games (term used since
1988) been organized by IPC
PARALYMPIC GAMES
SUMMER SPORTS EDITIONS
  tremendous step forward in sport
Rome 1960 for athletes with physical
disabilities.

The competition took place six
days after the Closing Ceremony
of the XVII Olympic Games. It
was supported by the Italian
Olympic Committee and the
Italian Institute for Disabled
Workers (INAIL).

The Games involved 400 Para
athletes from 23 countries who
competed in 57 medal events
across eight sports.
  His Imperial Highness Prince
TOKYO 1964 Akihito and Princess Michiko
oversaw the Tokyo 1964
Paralympics which drew together
378 Para athletes from 21
countries. In total there were 144
medal events across nine sports.
 Wheelchair racing, in the form of
a 60m race for men and women,
was added to the competition
schedule in 1964, which included
a total of nine different sports.
SLG with the founder of
FESPIC Fed. Yutaka Nakamura
  Originally, the idea was to pair the 1968
Paralympic Games with the Olympic
TEL AVIV 1968 Games in Mexico City. However, two
years prior, the Mexican government
backed out of the commitment to host
the Paralympics because of technical
difficulties.
 As everyone wanted to keep the
Paralympic Movement going, Sir Ludwig
Guttmann accepted the invitation of the
Israeli government and the ILAN Society
(an Israeli organisation for individuals
with physical impairment) to host the
1968 International Stoke Mandeville
Games at Ramat Gan, near Tel Aviv.
 Israel’s offer to host the Games was motivated by its wish to
mark the 20th anniversary of its independence.

In total 750 Para athletes from 29 countries competed in 181

medal events across 10 sports. Twenty world and 20
Paralympic records were broken.

Lawn bowls and women’s wheelchair basketball were included

in the Games for the first time.
 The 1972 Paralympics were not held in
HEIDELBERG


Munich, the venue of the Olympics, despite

the International Stoke Mandeville Games
1972 Committee hoping for the German Disabled
Sports Association (DVS) to stage the
Paralympics the city.
 After the Olympics, the Olympic Village was
closed and converted in to private
apartments. The DVS was unsuccessful in
finding suitable accommodation in Munich for
athletes.
 Heidelberg stepped in and invited the
organisers to stage the Games at the
University’s Institute for Physical
Training. Overall 984 Para athletes from 43
countries took part. the Games featured 10
Sports. The Games featured 10 different
sports; archery, Para athletics, dartchery,
lawn bowls, snooker, Para swimming, table
tennis, weightlifting, wheelchair fencing and
wheelchair basketball.
 
While several countries withdrew from
TORONTO the 1976 Paralympic Games due to the
1976 participation of South Africa, amputees
and vision impaired athletes were
included in the programme for the first
time ever. A total of 261 amputees and
187 vision impaired athletes took part in
the Games.

Organising the sport classifications
became more complicated, and it was
becoming clear than an international
body was needed to oversee and
organise a multi-disability Paralympic
Games. The Games saw 1,657 Para
athletes from 40 countries take part in
13 sports.
 The sports were; archery, Para athletics,
dartchery, goalball, shooting Para sport,
snooker, Para swimming, table tennis,
weightlifting, wheelchair basketball and
wheelchair fencing.
 The Games saw 1,973 Para athletes
ARNHEM


from 43 countries compete in 13 sports.

1980  These Games initiated the creation of
the International Co-ordinating
Committee (ICC), later gave way to the
creation of the International Paralympic
Committee (IPC) as the governing body
of the Paralympic Games by the end of
the decade. The full list of sports was;
archery, Para athletics, dartchery, lawn
bowls, goalball, shooting Para sport,
Para swimming, table tennis, sitting
volleyball, weightlifting, wheelchair
basketball, wheelchair fencing and
wrestling.
  The 1988 Paralympics marked the first time
in 24 years the Paralympics took place in the

SEOUL 1988 
same venue as the Olympics.
The Seoul Paralympic Organising Committee
had only a tangential relationship with the
Seoul Olympic Organising Committee,
though it was substantial enough to recruit
and train many of the sport and technical
officials for the Paralympic Games too.
 At the time, a record 3,041 Para athletes
(2,370 men and 671 women) from 60
countries took part. They competed in 733
medal events across 18 sports. A whopping
971 world and 156 Paralympic records were
broken.
 A total of 18 different sports took place at
the Paralympic Games in Seoul; archery,
Para athletics, boccia, cycling, football 7-a-
side, goalball, judo, lawn bowls, Para
powerlifting, shooting Para sport, snooker,
Para swimming, table tennis, sitting
volleyball, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair
fencing and wheelchair tennis.
Opening ceremony
Franz Nietlispach
 Barcelona 92 acted as a turning point
BARCELONA


for the entire Paralympic Movement, and

1992 today is still referred to as the best
Games ever .Overall 2,999 Para athletes
(2,300 men and 699 women) took part
in 489 medal events across 16 sports.
Para athletes broke 279 world and 489
Paralympic records.
 Barcelona 1992 were the last Games to
be organised by the International Co-
ordinating Committee (ICC), following
the formation of the IPC in 1989, The 16
sports were; archery, Para athletics,
boccia, cycling, football 7-a-side, judo,
goalball, Para powerlifting, shooting
Para sport, Para swimming, table tennis,
sitting volleyball, weightlifting,
wheelchair basketball, wheelchair
fencing and wheelchair tennis.
Opening ceremony
Hanz Frei won the marathon
 The Atlanta 1996 Paralympic Games
ATLANTA


were the first to attract worldwide

1996 corporate sponsorship.
 In total 3,808 Para athletes (2,643 men
and 1,165 women) from 104 countries
took part, participating in 19 sports.
During nine days of competition 269
world records were broken.
 Atlanta showcased 19 different sporting
events, two of which were
demonstration sports; archery, Para
athletics, boccia, cycling, equestrian,
football 7-a-side, goalball, judo, Para
powerlifting, shooting Para sport, Para
swimming, sitting volleyball, table
tennis, weightlifting, wheelchair
basketball, wheelchair fencing and
wheelchair tennis.
 The Games attracted a record 3,879
SYDNEY


Para athletes (2,889 men and 990

2000 women) from 123 countries, greater
than the number of athletes and
countries that took part in the Munich
1972 Olympic Games. Para athletes
took part in 550 medal events across 19
sports breaking more than 300 world
and Paralympic records.
 A total of 18 different sports were
featured in Sydney.
 The full list: archery, Para athletics,
boccia, cycling, equestrian, football 7-a-
side, goalball, judo, Para powerlifting,
sailing, shooting Para sport, Para
swimming, table tennis, sitting
volleyball, wheelchair basketball,
wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby
and wheelchair tennis.
Opening ceremony
ATHENS  Athens 2004 began with a colourful and
spectacular Opening Ceremony and
2004 concluded with the revealing of a new
IPC logo.
 The Athens 2004 Paralympic Games
attracted 3,808 Para athletes (2,643
men and 1,165 women) from 135
countries. They competed in 519 medal
events across 19 sports as China topped
the medals table for the first time in
their history.
 a total of 19 sporting events made up
the 2004 Games; archery, Para athletics,
boccia, cycling, equestrian, football 5-a-
side, football 7-a-side, goalball, judo,
Para powerlifting, sailing, shooting Para
sport, Para swimming, table tennis,
sitting volleyball, wheelchair basketball,
wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby
and wheelchair tennis.
New IPC logo was revealed
Opening ceremony
Closing ceremony
 A total of 3,951 Para athletes (2,568
BEIJING


men and 1,383 women) representing

2008 146 countries took part in the Games,
contesting 472 medal events across 20
sports. Five NPCs took part for the first
time.
 a total of 20 sports took place in China.
All but sailing and equestrian events
were held in Beijing.
 The full programme included; archery,
Para athletics, boccia, cycling,
equestrian, football 5-a-side, football 7-
a-side, goalball, judo, Para powerlifting,
rowing, sailing, shooting Para sport,
Para swimming, table tennis, sitting
volleyball, wheelchair basketball,
wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby
and wheelchair tennis.
Opening ceremony
Daniel Dias won nine medals in the pool
Esther Vergeer won her third Paralympic
title
Closing ceremony
  The Games attracted a record-breaking
4,237 Para athletes (2,736 men and
1,501 women) from 164 countries. They
LONDON 2012
competed in 503 medal events across 20
sports in packed venues after a record
2.7 million tickets were sold. Fifteen
NPCs competed for the first-time
ensuring record participation in the
Games.
 The full programme was; archery, Para
athletics, boccia, cycling, equestrian,
football 5-a-side, football 7-a-side,
goalball, judo, Para powerlifting, rowing,
sailing, shooting Para sport, Para
swimming, table tennis, sitting
volleyball, wheelchair basketball,
wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby
and wheelchair tennis.
Rowing competition was staged at Eton
Dorney
Opening ceremony
David Weir thrilled the home fans
  A total of 4,328 Para athletes (2,657
men and 1,671 women) from 159
RIO 2016 countries took part and over 12 days of
sporting action 220 world and 432
Paralympic records were broken. An
Independent Paralympic.
 Athletes team took part for the first time
featuring two refugee athletes. Six
NPCs made their Games debut, while
canoe and triathlon made their
Paralympic debuts.
 The full programme featured archery,
Para athletics, boccia, canoe, cycling,
equestrian, football 5-a-side, football 7-
a-side, goalball, judo, Para powerlifting,
rowing, sailing, shooting Para sport,
sitting volleyball, Para swimming, table
tennis, triathlon, wheelchair basketball,
wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby
and wheelchair tennis.
Triathlon made its Paralympic debut
Siamand Rahman became the world's
strongest Paralympian
The most covered Paralympic Games
in history
The iconic Maracana hosted both the Opening
and Closing Ceremonies
TOKYO 


Host City: Tokyo, Japan
Dates: 24 August - 5 September 2021
2020  Events: 539 in 22 sports
 Countries: 162
 Para Athletes: 4393 (2547 men and
1846 women).
 There will be 22 sports contested in the
2021 Paralympic Games, with two new
additions for this year: badminton and
taekwondo. Archery, Athletics,
Badminton, Boccia, Canoe, Sprint,
Cycling Road, Cycling Track, Equestrian,
Football 5-a-side, Goalball, Judo,
Powerlifting, Rowing, Shooting, Sitting
Volleyball, Swimming, Table Tennis,
Taekwondo, Triathlon, Wheelchair
Basketball ,Wheelchair Fencing
,Wheelchair Rugby, Wheelchair Tennis
Closing ceremony
DISABILITY SPORTS IN
MALAYSIA

The milestones
Introduction
 The 1st national competition was held in
KL (1982). Started with 2 sports:
swimming & athletics.
 Competition held every 2 years by
Malaysia Rehabilitation Council (MCR).
 18thMay1989, National Council for the
Disability Sports was established.
 The following competition held in
Malacca (1990), Terengganu (1992),
Johor(1994) & Sarawak (1996).
 1996, the name changed to Malaysia
Paralympic Council (MPC).
 It coordinates all the sporting activities
for all the PWDs in Malaysia.
 1998, the national competition for
people with Disability has been
renamed as the Sukan Paralimpiad
Malaysia (SPM). Held every 2yrs.
The history
 Competitions started way back in 1969.
 That time response was not
encouraging, not many activities were
organised due to financial reasons.
 Participations at international scene
started in 1969 when the late
H.M.Storey after meet Sir Guttmann,
formed powerlifting team.
 The first competition – Stoke
mandeville Games (1970),
Commonwealth Games,Edinburgh
(1970).
 Bring back a silver medal.
 Participated the 1st in the 3rd FESPIC
Games,Hong Kong (1982).
 Since then never missed and even
hosted the 16th edition (2006).
MALAYSIA ACHIEVEMENT AT
THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
 ASEAN ParaGames
Ed Year Host city Country No of Gold Silver Bronze Total
athlete
1st 2001 Kuala Malaysia 188 143 136 92 371
Lumpur
2nd 2003 Hanoi Vietnam 102 56 41 45 142
3rd 2005 Manila Philippines 118 80 41 30 151
4th 2008 Nakhon Thailand 180 82 74 46 202
Ratchasima
5th 2009 Kuala Malaysia 258 94 81 71 246
Lumpur
6th 2011 Solo Indonesia 122 51 36 45 132
7th 2014 Naypyidaw Myanmar 232 50 49 41 140
8th 2015 Singapore Singapore 191 52 58 47 157
9th 2017 Kuala Malaysia 331 90 85 83 258
Lumpur
10t 2020 Manila Philippines Canceled due to COVID-19
h
 FESPIC Games
Ed
Year Host city Host country No. of G S B Total
athlete
1st
1975 Oita Japan Did not participate
2nd
1977 Parramatta Australia Did not participate
3rd
1982 Sha Tin Hong Kong 30 7 13 7 27
4th
1986 Solo Indonesia 46 19 22 12 53
5th
1989 Kobe Japan 26 4 15 18 37
6th
1994 Beijing China 52 1 15 18 34
7th
1999 Bangkok Thailand 54 1 10 9 20
8th
2002 Busan South Korea 158 2 28 37 67
9th
2006 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 288 44 60 71 171
 ASIAN Para Games
Ed Year Host city Host No. of G S B Total
country athlete

1st 2010 Guangzhou China 115 9 13 23 45

2nd 2014 Incheon South Korea 128 15 20 27 62

3rd 2018 Jakarta Indonesia 126 17 26 25 68

4th 2022 Hangzhou China future games

5th 2026 Nagoya Japan future games

 FESPIC Youth Games & Asian
Youth Para Games
Ed Year Host city Host country No. of G S B Total
athlete

FESPIC Youth Games

1st 2003 Hong Kong Hong Kong 48 36 36 27 99

Asian Youth Para Games

1st 2009 Tokyo Japan 83 5 7 10 22
2nd 2013 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 200 19 22 18 59

3rd 2017 Dubai UAE 12 5 1 2 9

4th 2021 Manama Bahrain 13 3 5 5 13
 Paralympic Games
No. of
Host
Year Host city athletes G S B Total
country
M F
1972 Heidelberg W Germany 4 0 0 0 0 0
1988 Seoul S. Korea 12 2 0 0 1 1
1992 Barcelona Spain 10 0 0 1 2 3
1996 Atlanta USA 6 0 0 0 0 0
2000 Sydney Australia 8 2 0 0 0 0
2004 Athens Greece 15 4 0 0 0 0
2008 Beijing China 8 3 0 0 1 1
2012 London England 16 6 0 1 1 2
2016 Rio de Brazil 17 2 3 0 1 4
Janeiro
2020 Tokyo Japan 18 4 3 2 0 5
 Commonwealth Games
Year Host city Host No. of G S B Total
country athletes
M F
2002 Manchester England 9 6 0 1 2 2
2006 Melbourne Australia 6 3 0 0 0 0
2010 Delhi India 6 2 0 0 0 0
2014 Glasgow Scotland 6 2 0 0 1 1
2018 Gold Coast Australia 6 1 0 1 1 2
2022 Birmingham England
22 SUMMER SPORTS
Para Archery
Para Athletics
Para Badminton
Boccia
Para Canoe
Para cycling
Para equestrian
Goalball
Para judo
Para powerlifting
Para rowing
Shooting para sport
Sitting volleyball
Para swimming
Para table tennis
Para taekwondo
Para triathlon
Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair rugby
Wheelchair tennis
THANK YOU