FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER

INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES

- Giardia Intestinalis

INTESTINAL NON-PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES

- Chilomastix mesnili
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Trichomonas hominis
- Enteromonas hominis
- Retortamonas intestinalis
- Trichomonas tenax
- Trichomonas vaginalis

NON-INTESTINAL PATHOGENIC FREE-LIVING FLAGELLATES

- Leishmania brazilliensis complex
- Leishmania donovani complex
- Leishmania Mexicana complex
- Leishmania tropica complex
- Trypanosoma brucei gambienses
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Trypanosoma rangeli
NON-INTESTINAL NON-PATHOGENIC FREE-LIVING FLAGELLATES
FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME Mode of Transmission Laboratory Diagnosis Specimen of Choice
(FLAGELLATES)
Recovery of Cyst and
Giardia Intestinalis Giardia duodenalis Fecal-oral-route Stool
Trophozoites
Recovery of Cyst and
Chilomastix mesnili Fecal-oral-route Stool
Trophozoites
Dientamoeba fragilis Fecal-oral-route Recovery of Trophozoites Stool
Trichomonas hominis Fecal-oral-route Recovery of Trophozoites Stool
Recovery of Cyst and
Enteromonas hominis Fecal-oral-route Stool
Trophozoites
Recovery of Cyst and
Retortamonas intestinalis Stool
Trophozoites
droplet spray
from the mouth, swabbing the tartar
Mouth Scrapings;
kissing, or common between the teeth, the
Trichomonas tenax Tonsillar crypts &
use of gingival margin, or
Pyorrheal pockets
contaminated dishes tonsillar crypts
and drinking glasses
Urine, vaginal
Sexual intercourse,
Recovery of Trophozoites, discharges, urethral
Trichomonas vaginalis Contaminated toilets
wet preparations discharge, prostatic
or underclothing
secretions
FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON

Mode of Transmission Laboratory Diagnosis Specimen of Choice
(HEMO-FLAGELLATES) NAME
Insect bite (Vectors: Giemsa-stained lymph
Leishmania braziliensis
Lutzomyia and node biopsies and Tissue Biopsy
complex
Pscyhodopygus) culture of blood
Blood, Bone marrow
Leishmania donovani Insect bite Giemsa stained buffy aspirates,
complex (Vector:) cout Liver puncture, Lymph node
juice
Giemsa stained lesion Giemsa stained lesion
Leishmania mexicana Insect bite
biopsy material biopsy material
complex (Vector: lutzomyia)
Novy-McNeal-Nicolle
Old world
Leishmania tropica Insect bite Giemsa stained fluid,
Cutaneous
complex (Vector: Phlebotomus) aspirate from ulcer
Leishmanias
detection of
CSF, Blood, lymph node
Trypanosoma brucei promastigote, IgM &
Bite of tsetse fly aspirations (Giemsa-stained)
gambiense protein
In CSF
(diagnostic)
detection of
Bite of Glossina
Trypanosoma brucei promastigote, IgM & CSF (Giemsa-stained)
morsitans and Glossina
rhodiense protein In CSF
pallidipes
(diagnostic)
Giemsa-stained blood
slides
Giemsa-stained blood slides
Trypanosoma cruzi Feces from reduviid Bug Lymph and blood
Lymph and blood Giemsa-
rubbed into bite wound Giemsa-stained reveals
stained
amastigotes
ELISA
FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER
Distinguish characteristics (Shape
Parasite and Morphologic Features) motility Number and Location of Flagella
DS IS
Four pairs, origination of each
One pair, anterior end
Giardia Intestinalis Trophozoite Cyst Falling leaf
One pair, posterior end
Two pair, central, extending laterally
Four: Three extending from interior
end
Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite Cyst Stiff, rotary, directional
One extending posteriorly from
cytostome region
Progressive, broad
Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite Trophozoite N/A
hyaline pseudopodia
Three to five anterior: One posterior
Trichomonas hominis Trophozoite Trophozoite Nervous, Jerky extending from the posterior end of
the ondulating membrane
Four:
Enteromonas hominis Trophozoite Cyst Jerky Three directed anteriorly
One directed posteriorly
Retortamonas
Trophozoite Cyst Jerky Two; anterior
intestinalis
Five total: all originating anteriorly;
Trichomonas tenax Trophozoite Trophozoite N/A four extend anteriorly
One extends posteriorly
All originating anteriorly; Three to five
Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoite Trophozoite Rapid, Jerky extending anteriorly
One extending posteriorly
 FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER
Parasite (Pathogenic Location to Host Symptoms Consistency Drug of Choice Condition (Disease
and Non-Pathogenic, of Stool
Intestinal & Non-
Intestinal Flagellates
Small intestine mild diarrhea, abdominal Watery Tinidazole Traveller’s Diarrhea,
cramps, anorexia, and Giardiasis
flatulence to tenderness of
Giardia Intestinalis
the epigastric region,
steatorrhea, and
malabsorption syndrome
large intestine N/A Formed, semi Non-pathogen Non-pathogen
Chilomastix mesnili
formed
large intestine Diarrhea and abdominal Watery Iodoquinol or Dientamoeba fragilis
pain, bloody or mucoid Paromomycin infection
Dientamoeba fragilis stools, flatulence, nausea (alternative)
or vomiting, weight loss,
and fatigue or weakness
Trichomonas hominis Small intestine N/A Watery Non-pathogen Non-pathogen
Enteromonas hominis Large intestine Asymptomatic Non-pathogen Non-pathogen
Retortamonas intestinalis Large intestine Asymptomatic Non-pathogen Non-pathogen
Tartar bet. teeth Asymptomatic N/A Disappear on Non-pathogen
proper oral
Trichomonas tenax
hygiene
practices
Mucosal surface Men: Asymptomatic N/A Metronidazole Persistent urethritis,
of the vagina of ASYMPTOMATIC: Persistent vaginitis
Trichomonas vaginalis
infected women Persistent or recurring
vaginalis/urethritis
 FLAGELLATES WORKSHEET ANSWER
Parasite (Pathogenic Location to Symptoms Consistency Drug of Choice Condition (Disease
and Non-Pathogenic, Host of Stool
Intestinal & Non-
Intestinal Flagellates
Found in N/A Antimony compound; L.
Subcutaneous tissues braziliensis resistant to Mucocutaneous
Leishmania braziliensis Large ulcer to oral Pentosam leishmaniasis, chiclero
complex and nasal mucosa Alternative treatment: ulcer, espundia,
Liposomal amphotericin B, forest yaws, pian bois, uta,
Fluconazole, Ketoconazole
Leishmania donovani Found in blood N/A Visceral leishmaniasis, kala-
Liposomal amphotericin B
complex azar, dum dum fever.
Leishmania mexicana N/A
Pentavalent antimonials
complex
Found in N/A Pentosam (sodium
Leishmania tropica Subcutaneous tissues stibogluconate)
complex
Paromomycin ointment
N/A

Trypanosoma brucei Melarsoprol, suramin, West African Sleeping

gambiense pentamidine eflornithine Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei N/A Melarsoprol, suramin, East African Sleeping

rhodiense pentamidine, eflornithine Sickness
N/A Chaga’s American
Trypanosoma cruzi
Nifurtimox Disease:
trypanosomiasis