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Mechanical Engineering BATCH NAME : GATE Crash Course -2023

Subject : Fluid Machinery DPP 07

Topic : Reaction Turbine (II)

1. A Kaplan turbine develops 20,000 kW at a head zero. The hydraulic efficiency is ________ (in
of 35 m and at a rotational speed of 420 rpm. The %)
outlet diameter of the blades is 2.5 m and the hub [NAT]
diameter is 0.85 m. If the overall efficiency is
4. A 1/5 scale model of a Kaplan turbine is
85% and the hydraulic efficiency is 88%.
designed to operate at a head of 25 m. The
Which one or more of the following statement
prototype produces 18.50 MW of power under a
(s) is/are correct?
head of 49m when operating at a speed of 250
a) flow velocity at inlet is 14 m/s to 18 m/s.
rpm. Power product by model is ________ (in
b) flow velocity at inlet is 30 m/s to 35 m/s.
kW)
c) Whirl velocity at inlet is 4 m/s to 8 m/s.
[NAT]
d) Whirl velocity at inlet is 15 m/s to 20 m/s.
[MSQ] 5. The inlet and outlet diameters of a conical draft
tube attached to a Francis turbine are 2 m and 3m
2. A Kaplan turbine develops 15000 kW power at respectively. The velocity of water at the inlet to
a head of 30 m. The diameter of the boss is 0.35 the draft tube, which is 4 m above the tail race
times the diameter of the runner. Assuming a level is 3.5 m/s. If the loss of head due to friction
speed ratio of 2, flow ratio of 0.65 & overall in the draft tube equals to 30% of the velocity
efficiency of 90%. Diameter of the runner is head at outlet of the tube, if the atmospheric
________ (in m) pressure head is 10.3 m of water, then the
[NAT] efficiency (in percentage) of the draft tube is
___________ (correct upto two decimal places)
3. A Reaction turbine works at 450 rpm. Under a
head of 115m. The diameter of the inlet is 1.20m
& the flow area is 0.4 m². At the inlet the
absolute & relative velocity make angles of 20°
& 60° respectively with the tangential velocity.
Assume the velocity of whirl at the outlet to be

[NAT]
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Answer Key
1. (a,c) 4. (269 to 271)
2. (2.0 to 2.4) 5. (74 to 75)
3. (89 to 90.3)
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Hints and Solutions

1. (a, c) 2. (2.0 to 2.4)
Sol: Sol:
P = 20,000 kW, Hnet = 35 m, P = 15000 kW, Hnet = 30 m, Db = 0.35 Do
N = 420 rpm ; D0 = 2.5 m, Db = 0.85 m u1
Ks = =2
0 = 0.85 , h = 0.88 2gH net

P u1 = 48.52 m/s
0 =
QH net Vf1
Kf = = 0.65
20, 000 2gH net
Q=
9.81 35  0.85
Vf1 = 15.769m / s
3
Q = 68.5289 m /s,
Q = AfVf ; Db = 0.35 Do

Q = ( D02 − D2b )  Vf 1  2
4 =  D0 − D2b  15.769 ----- (1)
4

68.5289 = (2.52 − 0.852 )  Vf 1 P
4 0 = 0.90 =
QH net
Vf1 = 15.82 m/s
15000
R.P. Q=
h = 0.90  9.81 30
Water Power
Q = 56.631 m3/s
m[Vw1u1 ]
= From Equation (1)
mg H net
D0 = 2.283 m
V u
0.88 = w1 1
gH net

0.88  9.81 35 3. (89 to 90.3)

Vw1 = = 5.496m / s
54.97 Sol:
D0 N N = 450 rpm , H = 115 m, D1 = 1.20 m,
u1 =
60 Af = 0.4 m2, Vw 2 = 0 , hyd = ? ,
 2.5  420
= D1 N 1.20  450
60 u1 = =
60 60
u1 = 54.97 m/s
u1 = 28.274 m/s
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 P   P 
 3 5  = 3 5 
 N D m  N D p
3 5
Pm  N m   Dm 
=   
Pp  N p   Dp 
3 5
Vw1  892.857   1 
cos 20 = o Pm = 18.50 103     
V1  250   5 
Pm = 269.679 kW
Vw1 = V1 cos 20o = 35.796 m / s

From sine rule

5. (74 to 75)

V1 u1 28.274  sin120o Sol:

=  V1 =
sin120o sin 90o sin 40o V22
h f = 0.30
V1 = 38.093 m/s 2g

R.P D1 = 2m, V1 = 3.5m / s

hyd = 0
W.P
Q = A1V1 = A 2 V2
m  Vw1 u1 − Vw 2 u 2 
= D2 = 3m
mgH
A1V1 = A2V2
35.796  28.274
Vw1 u1
= = A1
gH 9.81115 V2 = V1
A2
= 89.71% 2
D 
=  1   V1
 D2 
4. (269 to 271)
2
2
Sol: =    3.5
3
1
Lr = , Hm = 25 m, Pp = 18.50 MW, V2 = 1.55 m/s
5
Hp = 49 m, Np = 250 rpm, Pm = ? V12 V22
− − hf
2g 2g
Draft tube =
2 V12
 gH   gH  N 2m H m  Dp 
 2 2 =  2 2  =   2g
 N D m  N D p N 2p H p  Dm 

Nm = 892.857 rpm
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V12 V22 V22 V12 − 1.30V22

− − 30 = = 74.5%
2g 2g 2g V12
= 2
V1
2g

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