11

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Representing Compounds
using Types of
Chemical Formulas
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Representing Compounds using Types of Chemical formulas
First Edition, 2020

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 11

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Representing Compounds
using Types of
Chemical Formulas
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Representing

Compounds using Types of Chemical formulas!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Representing

Compounds using Types of Chemical formulas!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

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What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
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What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

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answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

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into real life situations or concerns.
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

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this module.

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
how to Represent Compounds using Types of Chemical Formulas. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about:

 Lesson 6 – Representing Compounds using Types of Chemical Formulas

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the types of chemical formula
2. Differentiate between molecular formula, empirical formula, and structural
formula of a compound.
3. Calculate empirical formula of a compound given percent composition.
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is a combination of two or more element.

a. Chemical formula c. Covalent
b. Compound d. Ionic

2. Which of the following describes the exact number and type of atoms in a
single molecule of a compound?
a. Empirical formula c. Molecular formula
b. Condensed formula d. Structural formula

3. A formula that indicates not only the numbers of atoms, but also their
arrangement in space.
a. Empirical formula c. Molecular formula
b. Condensed formula d. Structural formula

4. Which is the representative molecular formula of Glucose?

a. C11H22O11 c. CHO
b. CH2O d. C6H12O6

5. What is the structural form of methane with a molecular formula of CO2?

a. O=C=O c. C-O-O
b. O-C-O d. C=O=O

6. The chemical formula of methane is CH4. What is its structural formula?

a. c.

b. d.

7. Which is the representative molecular formula of Sucrose?

a. C6H12O6 c. CHO
b. C11H22O11 d. CH2O

8. What is the structural formula of Butane?

a. c.

b. d.
9. This refers to the ratio of the elements present in a compound.
a. Empirical Formula
b. Molecular Formula
c. Structural Formula
d. Condensed Structural Formula

10. Calculate the empirical formula of a polymer Orlon which consist of 67.9% c,
5.7% H, 26.4% N.
a. CHO2
b. C5H7O2
c. C3H3N
d. CHO

11. All the following are empirical formulas EXCEPT:

a. C3H8
b. N2O4
c. Al2(SO4)3
d. Na2SO4

12. A compound is 25.9% Nitrogen and 74.1% Oxygen. Find its empirical
formula.
a. N4O6
b. N2O5
c. NO
d. N2O4

13. Which of the following is an empirical formula?

a. P4O10
b. C2H4
c. N2O
d. H2O2

14. Magnesium hydroxide is a compound used to treat stomachache. Which of

the following do you think is the correct molecular formula of Magnesium
hydroxide?
a. Mg(OH)2
b. Mg2(OH)
c. MgOH
d. Mg2(OH)2

15. What is the correct molecular formula of Sodium Chloride?

a. NaCl
b. Na2Cl
c. Na-1Cl
d. NaCl2
 Lesson Representing Compounds by
1 using Types of Chemical
Formula
Great job young chemist! You have successfully answered the questions
above. You must know more about our new lesson. Just remember that chemical
formulas are used to represent the elements in a compound. Chemical Formula plays
an important role in determining the nature of compound. For you to learn more
about it, why don’t you try this activity 1?

What’s In

In this part, just try to become a scientist in your own little way by doing this drill so
to check what you have learned already.

Activity 1: Common Isotopes

Directions: Complete the table below about polyatomic ions. Use a separate sheet
of paper.

Polyatomic Ions OH-1 CO3 -2 PO4 -3 O2 -2 Cl -1

1. H+1 H2CO3
2. Cu+1 CuCl
3. NH4+1 (NH4)3PO4
4. Mg+2 Mg(OH)2
5. Na+1 NaCl
6. Ca+2 Ca(OH)2
7. K+1 K2O2
8. Fe+2 FeCO3

Notes to the Teacher

This module is composed of different activities about
Representing Compounds using different types of Chemical
Formula. Using self-developed activities are also accepted to help
learners understand better.
 What’s New

Great work chemist! You can still recall your previous lessons.
This time, you will identify the types of chemical formula by trying the prepared
activities for you.

Chemical Formula
In Chemistry, chemical formula is used to represent the element in a
compound. It plays a vital role since through this, we can learn how compounds
proceed to chemical reactions.

Types of Chemical Formula

1. Molecular Formula
It gives you the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound with
the help of the subscript, e.g. Glucose – C6H12O6.

Activity 2: Write My Molecular formula

Direction: Provide the molecular formula of the compound. You may use online
references, textbooks, and the like to answer this activity. Use a separate
sheet of paper.

Compound Molecular Formula

1. Methane
2. Butane
3. Heptane
4. Octane
5. Sucrose

2. Empirical Formula
It tells the ratio of the elements present in a compound. The subscripts tell
how many atoms are there that leads to a whole number ratio.

For example, the molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6. One molecule of

Glucose contains 6 atoms of Carbon, 12 atoms of Hydrogen, and 6 atoms of
Oxygen. Since Empirical Formula is known as the simplest formula, you must find
the common factor of the subscripts to get our answer. (Note: If the compound has
no common factor, the molecular and empirical formula can be same).

Compound Molecular Formula Empirical Formula

CH2O
Glucose C6H12O6 (divide all subscript with
common factor 6 to get
the smallest whole factor)
Activity 3: What’s my Empirical Formula?
Direction: Provide the molecular and empirical formula of the compound. Use a
separate sheet of paper

Compound Molecular Formula Empirical Formula

1. Methane
2. Butane
3. Heptane
4. Octane
5. Sucrose

Calculate Empirical Formula of a compound from Percent Composition

We can also calculate Empirical Formula of a given compound by using

percent composition. Since percentage is given, we can assume that the compound
is equal to 100.00 grams.

Ex: What is the empirical formula of a substance that is 40.0% C, 6.7% H,

and 53.3% O by mass?

Step 1: Assume that we have 100 g of this compound

40.0% C = 40.0 g C
6.7% H = 6.7 g H
53.3 % O = 53.3 g O

Step 2: Convert these masses into moles using atomic mass of C, H, and O. (Check
your periodic table for the atomic weight of the element.
1 mol C
40.0 g C x = 3.33 mol C
12.01 g C
C
1 mol H
6.7 g H x = 6.6 mol H
1.01 g H

1mol O
53.3 g O x = 3.33 mol O
16 g O

Step 3: Determine which mole has the smallest value and divide the mole values
you calculated in step 2 by this value.

3.33 mol C 6.6 mol H = 2 mol H 3.33 mol C = 1 mol O

= 1 mol C
33.3 33.3 33.3

Answer: The empirical formula of the compound is C1H2O1 or CH2O.

Note: If any of your mole ratio are not yet in whole number, multiply all the subscript
by the smallest possible factor that would result to a whole number mass ratio for
all elements.
Activity 4: Calculating Empirical Formula using Percent Composition
Direction: Solve for the empirical formula from the percent composition of a
compound. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Jose has a compound consist of 43.64% P and 56.36% O. What is the

empirical formula of this compound?
2. A compound has 28.57% Na and 71.43% Cl. Find the empirical formula of
the compound.

3. Structural Formula

It displays the arrangement of how atoms are bonded. It shows how atoms are
bonded to one another such as single, double, covalent bond. Covalent bond are
shown using lines. The number of dashes show the bond as single, double, and triple
covalent bond.

Ex: Ethane (C2H6)

Activity 4: Build my Structure

Direction: draw the structural formula of the following compound.

1. Propane (C3H8)
2. Methane (CH4)
3. Butane (C4H10)
4. Heptane (C7H16)
5. Octane (C8H20))

Condensed Structural Formula

A way of writing organic structures in a line of text. It shows all atoms, but it
does not include vertical bonds and most or all of the horizontal single bonds.

Ex.
1. Ethanol (C2H6) = CH3CH2OH

STRUCTURAL FORMULA CONDENSED FORMULA

2.

You can use this one CH3CH2CH(CH3)2 or the other formula which is encircled.
 What is It

How is Molecular formula different from Empirical and Structural Formula?

Molecular Formula this gives you the actual number of atom of an element present
in a compound with help of subscript. (Ex. C6H12O6, K3PO4)

Empirical Formula this is the simplest formula. It tells you the ratio of an element
present in a compound. (Ex. CH2O, C4H3O2).

You can also calculate for Empirical Formula using percent composition by
following the steps we have done earlier.

Structural Formula this shows how the atoms are arranged and bonded to one
another through covalent bond which is shown using lines. Thee dashes represent
bonds as single, double, and triple. (Ethanol (C2H6)

Structural formula can also be converted into condensed structural formula

which is a way of writing organic structure through line text. (Ex. CH 3CH2OH)

What’s More

Excellent work scientist! Now that you already know the different types of chemical
formula and calculate the value for empirical formula, you can easily do the next
activity.

A. Directions: Provide the Molecular, Empirical, and Structural Formula of a

given compound. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Molecular Empirical Structural

Compound
Formula Formula Formula

1. Methanol

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Water
4. Acetone

5. Hydrogen
Peroxide

B. Directions: Calculate the Empirical formula of the compound in the given

problem. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Problem:
Polymers are large molecules composed of simple units repeated many times.
Thus, they often have relatively simple empirical formula. Calculate the
formulas of the following polymers.

a. polyethylene: 86% C, 14% H

b. polystyrene: 92.3% C, 7.7% H

c. Saran: 24.8% C, 2.0% H, 73.1% Cl

 What I Have Learned

Summarize what you have learned from the very start by answering the questions
below. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. How does molecular formula differ from empirical formula and structural
formula? Cite an example.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How do you determine the empirical formula of a compound given the

percent composition? You can formulate your own steps or techniques.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Determine the empirical and molecular formula for chrysotile asbestos. It has
the following percent composition: 28.03% Mg21.60 % Si, 1.16% H, and
49.21% O. The molar mass for chrysotile is 520.8 g/mol. (Note: To get the
Molecular Formulas, You can the formula below:

a. Empirical Formula: ___________________

b. Molecular Formula: ___________________

 What I Can Do

Job well done scientist! You are close to completing your work. Now, it is your time
to apply what you have learned from this module.

Directions: Answer the questions below. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Get some snack foods like potato chips, peanut, or any food with sodium
content. Check the food labels and fill in the table below. Note: before you can
solve for the value of an empirical formula, determine first the percent
composition by mass of a compound or element by using this formula:

a. Chosen snack food and brand

b. Amount in grams in one

serving

c. Amount of Sodium in mg in one

serving of the snack.

d. % sodium by mass in one

serving of snack food.

2. An oxide of chromium is made up of 5.20 g chromium and 5.60 g oxygen. What

is the empirical formula of the oxide?

3. An oxide of nitrogen contains 63.1% oxygen and has a molar mass of 76.0
g/mol.)

a. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

b. What is the molecular formula of this compounds?

 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A formula with the lowest number ratio of elements in a compound is called

____________.
a. Chemical formula
b. Covalent formula
c. Empirical formula
d. Molecular formula

2. Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for C 4H10?

a. C4H10
b. C2H5
c. CH2.5
d. C8H20

3. Which is the correct molecular formula of Aspirin?

a. C9H8O4
b. C6H12O6
c. CH2O4
d. C11H22O11

4. What is the structural formula of propane?

a. c.

b. d.

5. A substance has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O. What is the empirical

formula?
a. CHNO
b. C4H10N4O
c. C4H5N2O
d. C2H6N2O

6. A compound is 25.9% P and 74.1% O. Find its empirical formula.

a. P2O5
b. P4O6
c. P2O4
d. PO
7. The empirical formula of a substance is CH2O. Its molar mass is 180. What
is the molecular formula?
a. C6H12O6
b. C4H8O4
c. C2H4O2
d. C8H16O8

8. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a hormone secreted into the bloodstream in

time of stress. It contains 59.0% C, &.15% H, 26.20% O, and 7.65% N and
has a molar mass of 183 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
a. C7H9N2O
b. C9H13NO3
c. C5H11N3O2
d. C8H12NO2

9. Which of the following is the linear structural formula of Glucose?

a. c.

b. d.

10. What is the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide?

a. H2O
b. H2O2
c. HO
d. HO2

11. It displays how the atoms are arranged through chemical bonding?
a. Empirical formula
b. Chemical formula
c. Molecular formula
d. Structural formula
12. We can calculate for the empirical formula in other ways through
___________.
a. Molar mass
b. Polarity
c. Percent composition
d. Yield composition

13. A compound is found to have 50.05% Sulfur, and 49.95% O by weight.

What is the empirical formula of the compound?
a. SO
b. S2O
c. SO2
d. S2O2

14. Which of the following is the correct molecular formula of methanol?

a. CH2OH
b. CH3OH
c. CH3CH2OH
d. CH4OH

15. Which is true about chemical formula?

a. It used to represent the element in a compound.
b. It gives you the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.
c. It gives you the idea of what nature of reactions they have.
d. All of the above.
 Additional Activities

Congratulations! You have come this far. I know you have learned a lot about
different types of chemical compound you can use to represent compounds. Now for
your additional activities, try providing the molecular and empirical formula given
the structural formula of compound. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1.

Molecular Formula Empirical Formula

2.

Molecular Formula Empirical Formula