Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankdeal.com/download/nutrition-and-you-3rd-edition-blake-test-bank/
Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
5) The ________ is an organization that provides some guidance for consumers when it comes to 5)
labeling dietary supplements.
A) USP B) ADA C) FDA D) USDA
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
1
6) Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? 6)
A) vitamin C B) vitamin A C) vitamin K D) vitamin D
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
7) Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods? 7)
A) asparagus B) oranges C) beans D) meat
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
11) Which of the following factors is not responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United 11)
States?
A) air pollution B) consumption of low-fat milk
C) increased use of sunscreens D) limited outdoor activities
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
2
12) Which of the following is correct about xerophthalmia? 12)
A) It is permanent damage to the cornea due to a vitamin A deficiency.
B) It is often due to an overdose of vitamin A.
C) It can occur if a person consumes too many carrots.
D) It mainly affects the gallbladder.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
13) Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________ that may reduce the risk of chronic 13)
diseases.
A) anticoagulants B) provitamins C) free radicals D) antioxidants
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
14) Which vitamin has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides? 14)
A) vitamin C B) thiamin C) vitamin B D) niacin
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
15) Which is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold? 15)
A) avoiding outside activities on very cold days
B) consuming the herb echinacea
C) taking vitamin C supplements
D) frequent hand-washing
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
16) Vitamin C is plays an important role in the absorption of ________ from plant foods such as grains 16)
and cereals.
A) calcium B) protein C) iron D) calories
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
3
17) Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body? 17)
A) vitamin C B) biotin C) vitamin D D) vitamin K
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
18) Abundant in foods from animal sources, ________ is a vitamin-like substance needed to properly 18)
utilize fat.
A) choline B) inositol C) carnitine D) lipoic acid
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
20) Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds including ________, the major form 20)
found in plant foods, and two other forms found in animal food sources.
A) cobalamin B) pyridoxine C) folic acid D) choline
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
21) Enriched or ________ foods have had nutrients added to them. 21)
A) fortified B) compromised C) refined D) bleached
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
22) Unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the 22)
increased risk of chronic diseases are called
A) antioxidants. B) phytochemicals.
C) free radicals. D) supplements.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
4
23) The B vitamins ________ and vitamin B12 are needed for healthy red blood cells. 23)
A) niacin B) B6 C) folate D) thiamin
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
25) Where is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form? 25)
A) in the pancreas and gallbladder B) in the liver and then kidneys
C) in the skin D) in the stomach and small intestine
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
26) ________ boosts your immune system by helping your body make white blood cells. 26)
A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin A D) Vitamin K
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
27) Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood? 27)
A) thiamin B) niacin C) vitamin D D) folate
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
28) Which of the following vitamins travels in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids? 28)
A) vitamin A B) niacin C) riboflavin D) vitamin C
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
5
29) All the following statements are true about vitamin B12 except that 29)
A) its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources.
B) the ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.
C) it requires intrinsic factor for absorption to occur.
D) when deficient, pernicious anemia may result.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
30) Which of the following conditions is not caused by a deficiency of vitamin D? 30)
A) osteomalacia B) osteoporosis C) scurvy D) rickets
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
32) Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is essential for the production of 32)
A) osteocalcin. B) collagen. C) glycogen. D) hemoglobin.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
33) Phytochemicals are ________-derived compounds that are thought to be beneficial to our health. 33)
A) animal B) fungus C) plant D) laboratory
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
34) Which of the following will not destroy the vitamin content of foods? 34)
A) cold B) air C) light D) heat
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
6
35) Vitamin K plays an essential role in 35)
A) blood clotting. B) red blood cell division.
C) the metabolism of energy nutrients. D) the synthesis of collagen.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
36) The B vitamins act as ________, helping numerous enzymes produce reactions in your cells. 36)
A) coenzymes B) hormones C) antioxidants D) anticoagulants
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
38) Which of the following does not accurately describe vitamins? 38)
A) organic compounds B) provide energy
C) needed for growth D) tasteless
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
39) The body can synthesize ________ from the amino acid tryptophan. 39)
A) niacin B) riboflavin C) folate D) thiamin
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
7
40) Carly and Adam have been married for three years and are beginning to think about having 40)
children. Which vitamin should Carly make sure she is getting enough of prior to conceiving, in
order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?
A) riboflavin B) folate
C) vitamin D D) pantothenic acid
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
41) Individuals who lack intrinsic factor and cannot absorb vitamin B12 may have ________ anemia. 41)
A) macrocytic B) aplastic C) pernicious D) sickle cell
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
42) The symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death. 42)
A) pellagra B) beriberi C) anemia D) rickets
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
8
46) Which supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration, according to a study 46)
conducted by the National Eye Institute?
A) pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiamin B) vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacin
C) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene D) choline, carnitine, and inositol
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
48) Which vitamin helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus? 48)
A) vitamin D B) vitamin K C) vitamin E D) choline
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
49) Which vitamin has been shown to reduce the risk of colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers, as well as 49)
reduce the risk of birth defects?
A) folate B) vitamin C
C) alpha-tocopherol D) thiamin
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
50) When the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, this is called (a) 50)
A) glaucoma. B) cataract.
C) age-related macular degeneration. D) marasmus.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
9
52) Excessive amounts of vitamin E in your body increase the risk of hemorrhage. 52)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
53) One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements. 53)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
54) Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins essential for vision. 54)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
55) A diet in which an individual consumes too much niacin may result in pellagra. 55)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
58) Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to be toxic in excess than water-soluble vitamins. 58)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
59) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia. 59)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
61) Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12 if 61)
diagnosed early enough.
Answer: True False
Explanation:
62) Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content. 62)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
63) Vitamin C is needed to make collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body. 63)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
10
64) The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia. 64)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
65) The disease that occurs in humans with a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi. 65)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
67) Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects. 67)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
68) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin. 68)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
71) Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage. 71)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
74) One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk. 74)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
75) Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of 75)
proteins.
Answer: True False
Explanation:
11
76) The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E. 76)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
78) Individuals with dark skin require less time in the sun than people with lighter skin in order to 78)
self-synthesize vitamin D.
Answer: True False
Explanation:
79) Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins. 79)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
80) Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiacin. 80)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
82) What are coenzymes, and which vitamins play this role in the body?
Answer: Coenzymes are substances needed by enzymes to perform many chemical reactions in your body.
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 , folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin are all
coenzymes. All are B vitamins.
83) What is rickets, and why is its incidence increasing in the United States?
Answer: Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency in children. The bones of children with rickets do not adequately
mineralize with calcium and phosphorus, and this causes them to weaken. Due to these "soft bones,"
these children develop bowed legs. The disease is on the rise, in spite of milk being fortified with vitamin
D, probably due to changes in the lifestyles and diets of children in America. One reason may be the
increase in the consumption of soft drinks instead of milk. Another reason may be concern over skin
cancer; childhood exposure to sunlight appears to increase the risk of skin cancer, but exposure to
sunlight is also a way self-synthesis of vitamin D can occur. A last factor may be that air pollution
reduces ultraviolet rays of the sun by as much as 60 percent.
12
85) Name four diseases that free radicals are thought to promote.
Answer: Free radicals may promote oxidative stress, which can contribute to heart disease, cancer, aging, diabetes
mellitus, arthritis, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's
disease.
86) What is an antioxidant and which vitamins play this role in the body?
Answer: Antioxidants are substances that neutralize harmful oxygen-containing free radicals that can cause cell
damage. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are antioxidants.
87) What are the first physical signs of riboflavin deficiency? What is one of the best food sources for riboflavin?
Answer: The throat, mouth, and tongue will become red and inflamed (glossitis), and the lips will become dry and
scaly. Milk is an excellent source of riboflavin.
88) What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Which vitamins and minerals were shown in a study by the
National Eye Institute to reduce the risk of this disease?
Answer: AMD is a disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision in the center of the eye and
eventually blindness. Free radical accumulation contributes to AMD. A study by the NEI discovered that
supplements containing large amounts of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) along
with the minerals zinc and copper, were effective in reducing the risk of AMD as well as the loss of vision
in people with advanced stages of AMD.
89) What is "intrinsic factor" and what is its relationship to vitamin B12? What happens if a person no longer makes
intrinsic factor?
Answer: Intrinsic factor is a protein produced in your stomach that helps promote vitamin B12 absorption. It binds
with B12 in the small intestine, where the vitamin is absorbed. Individuals who cannot make intrinsic
factor are diagnosed with pernicious anemia and must be given injections of B12 directly into the blood,
bypassing the intestine.
90) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of which vitamin? Why is this disease caused by
chronic alcohol abuse? What are the common symptoms of this syndrome?
Answer: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of thiamine. Chronic alcohol
consumption/abuse interferes with the absorption of dietary thiamin, thus accelerating its excretion from
the body. The common symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include memory loss, difficulty
seeing, mental confusion, low blood pressure, uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs, and even
coma.
13
Answer Key
Testname: C7
1) A
2) C
3) A
4) B
5) A
6) C
7) A
8) D
9) A
10) A
11) B
12) A
13) D
14) D
15) D
16) C
17) A
18) C
19) D
20) B
21) A
22) C
23) C
24) C
25) B
26) D
27) D
28) A
29) B
30) C
31) A
32) B
33) C
34) A
35) A
36) A
37) C
38) B
39) A
40) B
41) C
42) A
43) B
44) A
45) D
46) C
47) C
48) A
49) A
50) B
14
Answer Key
Testname: C7
51) TRUE
52) TRUE
53) FALSE
54) FALSE
55) FALSE
56) TRUE
57) FALSE
58) TRUE
59) TRUE
60) FALSE
61) TRUE
62) FALSE
63) TRUE
64) TRUE
65) TRUE
66) TRUE
67) TRUE
68) TRUE
69) FALSE
70) FALSE
71) TRUE
72) TRUE
73) FALSE
74) TRUE
75) TRUE
76) FALSE
77) TRUE
78) FALSE
79) TRUE
80) FALSE
81) Folate is very important, especially in the first few weeks after conception. A deficiency during pregnancy may cause
birth defects called neural tube defects. One result is anencephaly, where the brain doesn't completely form and the
baby dies soon after birth. Another result is spina bifida where the neural tube doesn't form correctly and the baby is
born with its spinal cord exposed. Folic acid reduces the risk of these birth defects by 50 to 70 percent if consumed at
least the month prior to conception and during the early part of pregnancy.
82) Coenzymes are substances needed by enzymes to perform many chemical reactions in your body. Thiamin, riboflavin,
niacin, vitamin B6 , folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin are all coenzymes. All are B vitamins.
83) Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency in children. The bones of children with rickets do not adequately mineralize with
calcium and phosphorus, and this causes them to weaken. Due to these "soft bones," these children develop bowed
legs. The disease is on the rise, in spite of milk being fortified with vitamin D, probably due to changes in the lifestyles
and diets of children in America. One reason may be the increase in the consumption of soft drinks instead of milk.
Another reason may be concern over skin cancer; childhood exposure to sunlight appears to increase the risk of skin
cancer, but exposure to sunlight is also a way self-synthesis of vitamin D can occur. A last factor may be that air
pollution reduces ultraviolet rays of the sun by as much as 60 percent.
84) B12 is only found in animal foods, and the best source of vitamin D is dairy, which vegans would not consume.
85) Free radicals may promote oxidative stress, which can contribute to heart disease, cancer, aging, diabetes mellitus,
arthritis, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
86) Antioxidants are substances that neutralize harmful oxygen-containing free radicals that can cause cell damage.
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are antioxidants.
15
Answer Key
Testname: C7
87) The throat, mouth, and tongue will become red and inflamed (glossitis), and the lips will become dry and scaly. Milk is
an excellent source of riboflavin.
88) AMD is a disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision in the center of the eye and eventually
blindness. Free radical accumulation contributes to AMD. A study by the NEI discovered that supplements containing
large amounts of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) along with the minerals zinc and copper, were
effective in reducing the risk of AMD as well as the loss of vision in people with advanced stages of AMD.
89) Intrinsic factor is a protein produced in your stomach that helps promote vitamin B12 absorption. It binds with B12 in
the small intestine, where the vitamin is absorbed. Individuals who cannot make intrinsic factor are diagnosed with
pernicious anemia and must be given injections of B12 directly into the blood, bypassing the intestine.
90) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of thiamine. Chronic alcohol consumption/abuse
interferes with the absorption of dietary thiamin, thus accelerating its excretion from the body. The common symptoms
of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include memory loss, difficulty seeing, mental confusion, low blood pressure,
uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs, and even coma.
16
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
CHAPTER III.
“LITTLE MASTER.”
A FEW weeks past, and with the exception of a note from old Dr.
Farmer, thanking him in Colonel Methvyn’s name for his readiness in
obeying the summons, Mr. Guildford heard no more of the family at
Greystone. Sometimes he could almost have fancied the whole
occurrence a dream.
The weather grew steadily milder: some of the Sothernbay
invalids began to talk of going home; others improved enough to be
a good deal cheerier than they had been; a few, too far gone to be
recalled by even the balmiest air and brightest sun shine, died. Mr.
Guildford was used to sad sights, yet not so used to them as to be
insensible to the ever-varying individual sadness of each; but among
the many phases of sorrow and suffering he had witnessed during
this last winter, no scene had left a stronger impression upon him
than that of the death of the little boy at Greystone Abbey. He had
come upon it so suddenly and unexpectedly; it seemed peculiarly
sad that the little fellow was so far away from his parents, that weeks
must pass before they could even know of their loss. He could not
forget the anguish in the young aunt’s voice when she had
exclaimed, “to-morrow, oh! to-morrow, I must write to tell Amy.” He
often thought about her, and always with pity and interest. But few
things seemed more unlikely than his ever learning more of Miss
Methvyn or her family.
Two months after the February night of his fruitless journey to
Haverstock, Mr. Guildford was surprised at receiving another letter
from old Dr. Farmer, expressing a great wish to see him on as early
a day as he could conveniently name. Dr. Farmer wrote of himself as
in bad health, and on the eve of leaving home for some months. He
offered to meet Mr. Guildford at Sothernbay if necessary, but at the
same time showed plainly that he would be glad to be spared the
journey. Mr. Guildford was not very busy, the “slack season” for
Sothernbay was beginning; he wrote therefore to Dr. Farmer
expressing his readiness to meet him at the old doctor’s own house
at Greybridge, wondering a little as he did so what he could be
wanted for this time, and feeling some curiosity as to whether the
summons was again connected with the family at Greystone Abbey.
It proved to be so.
“Bessie,” said Mr. Guildford to his sister the evening after he had
been over at Greybridge to see Dr. Farmer, “you are always wanting
me to have a change. I am thinking of arranging to have one every
week.”
“What do you mean, Edmond?” said Mrs. Crichton. “A change
that came every week wouldn’t be a change. You might as well say
Sunday was a change.”
“So it is—to me at least. That is to say, when I can go to church. I
like going to church very much. One can think so comfortably, with
such perfect security from interruption; that’s a very pleasant change
to me,” said Mr. Guildford.
“Is that all you go to church for?” said Bessie with mild reproach.
“And you used to be such a good little boy! I remember the first time
you went to church, how still you sat, and how everybody praised
you when we came out.”
“Well, I don’t jump about now, do I?” said Mr. Guildford. “I don’t
see why I should never be praised now as well as when I was a little
boy. Why don’t you praise me, Bessie? It’s very nice to be praised;
and it’s far harder to be good when one’s big than when one’s little.
You should remember that, Bessie, and encourage me sometimes.
You know I do everything you tell me, don’t I?”
But Mrs. Crichton knitted on perseveringly, counting the stitches in
a low voice, and taking no notice of her brother’s remarks. She was
not fond of being made fun of, and when Edmond talked in this half-
lazy, half-bantering way, she waxed suspicious.
“One, two, three, four, take two together,” she murmured. “These
socks are for you, Edmond,” she observed, in a “coals of-fire-on-
your-head” tone.
“Are they? It’s very good of you to make them for me, but I hope
they are not of that prickly wool, Bessie. Some you knitted for me,
made me feel as if little needles were running into my feet. Did you
knit my socks for me when I was a little boy? If you did, I expect they
were of soft wool then; weren’t they?”
Mrs. Crichton tried to go on knitting gravely, but her brother,
standing behind her, managed to give every now and then judicious
little jogs to her elbows, which much interfered with the progress of
the socks. At first, Mrs. Crichton thought the jogs were accidental,
and bore them philosophically enough, with a “Take care, Edmond,”
or, “Please don’t shake my chair.” But a more energetic jog than
usual exhausted her patience.
“Edmond, you are really too bad,” she exclaimed, “I believe you
are shaking me on purpose. Just look now, I have dropped two
stitches! What is the matter with you, you great, idle boy? Who would
think you were a learned man, a solemn, wise doctor?”
She let her knitting fall on her lap, and turning round her pleasant
face, looked up at him with fond pride shining out of her eyes. She
was only ten years his senior, but her affection for him was almost
motherly—she had been the only mother he had known, and no child
of her own had ever interfered with her love for her early orphaned
little brother.
“What are you looking at me for, Bessie?” he asked.
“I was wondering if you are handsome. I mean if any one else
would think you so,” she said naïvely.
Mr. Guildford laughed. “I don’t suppose anybody but you ever
thought about it,” he said carelessly.
“Your wife will,” said Bessie. And as she said so, she thought to
herself that this shadowy personage would be hard to please were
she other than proud of her husband. The bare possibility of her not
being so, gave Bessie a momentary grudge at her imaginary sister-
in-law. Yet Mr. Guildford was not handsome, not even interestingly
ugly, which often serves the purpose just as well. He was well made
and well proportioned; he was neither very tall nor very short, he had
no striking peculiarity of appearance of any kind. But the grave face
could look sunny enough sometimes, the keen grey eyes could
soften into sympathy and tenderness, the dark brown hair seemed
still to have some of the brightness of boyhood about it—he looked
like a man for whom the best things of life were yet to come; whose
full powers were fresh and unexhausted. There was plenty of
strength in the face; strength which the future might possibly harden
into inflexibility; strength which already faintly threatened to destroy
some of the finer touches of the young man’s character, by