Test Bank for Nutrition and You 5th Edition Blake

Test Bank for Nutrition and You 5th Edition Blake

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-nutrition-and-you-5th-edition-blake/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 7 Vitamins

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) The B vitamins act as ________, helping numerous enzymes produce reactions in cells.
A) reducing agents
B) oxidizing agents
C) co-enzymes
D) antioxidants
Answer: C
Page Ref: 245

2) Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.

A) acetic
B) ascorbic
C) salicylic
D) folic
Answer: B
Page Ref: 258

3) Which of the following statements is NOT true of fortified foods?

A) They are foods with added nutrients.
B) They are a good option for individuals whose diets fall short of some nutrients.
C) They do not increase the risk of overconsuming some nutrients.
D) They are not always cost-effective.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 265

4) The ________ is an organization that provides some guidance for consumers when it comes to
labeling dietary supplements.
A) FDA
B) USP
C) NIH
D) USDA
Answer: B
Page Ref: 268

5) The B vitamins ________ and vitamin B12 are needed for healthy red blood cells.
A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) folate
Answer: D
Page Ref: 255

1
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Abundant in foods from animal sources, ________ is a vitamin-like substance needed to
properly utilize fat.
A) carnitine
B) lipoic acid
C) inositol
D) choline
Answer: A
Page Ref: 262

7) Unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the
increased risk of chronic diseases are called free ________.
A) ions
B) atoms
C) radicals
D) elements
Answer: C
Page Ref: 228

8) Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted in ________.

A) feces
B) urine
C) sweat
D) saliva
Answer: B
Page Ref: 228

9) The B vitamin ________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.
A) folate
B) niacin
C) ascorbate
D) thiamin
Answer: D
Page Ref: 246

10) The symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death.
A) anemia
B) ber-beri
C) scurvy
D) pellagra
Answer: D
Page Ref: 251

2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
11) The body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ________.
A) tyrosine
B) tryptophan
C) threonine
D) phenyalanine
Answer: B
Page Ref: 250

12) Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from vitamin B6?
A) pyrimidine
B) pyridoxine
C) pyridoxal phosphate
D) pyridoxamine
Answer: A
Page Ref: 252

13) Vitamin ________ boosts your immune system by helping your body make white blood
cells.
A) B1
B) B3
C) B6
D) C
Answer: D
Page Ref: 258

14) Which of the following statements about water-soluble vitamins is NOT true?
A) They are excreted in urine.
B) They are transported in blood.
C) They are stored in liver, fat and muscle tissue.
D) They are generally not toxic.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 228

15) Vitamin C is plays an important role in the absorption of ________ from plant foods such as
grains and cereals.
A) iron
B) zinc
C) copper
D) calcium
Answer: A
Page Ref: 258

3
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
16) Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is essential for the production of ________.
A) hemoglobin
B) myoglobin
C) collagen
D) keratin
Answer: C
Page Ref: 258

17) The disease of vitamin C deficiency is called ________.

A) rickets
B) scurvy
C) pellagra
D) beri-beri
Answer: B
Page Ref: 259

18) What foods are recommended for good eye health by the NEI?
A) polyunsaturated oils
B) whole grains
C) lean meats
D) citrus fruits
Answer: D
Page Ref: 229

19) Which of the following does NOT contain phytochemicals?

A) seafood
B) fruits
C) vegetables
D) grains
Answer: A
Page Ref: 229

20) About 2% of individuals over the age of 60 suffer from a vitamin deficiency called
________.
A) beri-beri
B) scurvy
C) pernicious anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 256

4
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
21) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe vitamins?
A) tasteless
B) organic compounds
C) provide energy
D) needed for growth
Answer: C
Page Ref: 226

22) Which of the following vitamins travels in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?
A) vitamin C
B) niacin
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin A
Answer: D
Page Ref: 227

23) Which of the following will NOT destroy the vitamin content of foods?
A) cold
B) heat
C) light
D) air
Answer: A
Page Ref: 231

24) Which of the following is correct about xerophthalmia?

A) It is often due to an overdose of vitamin A.
B) It can occur if a person consumes too many carrots.
C) It is permanent damage to the cornea due to a vitamin A deficiency.
D) It mainly affects the gallbladder.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 237

25) Which of the following is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?

A) beta-carotene
B) alpha-tocopherol
C) riboflavin
D) pantothenic acid
Answer: B
Page Ref: 238

26) Which light-sensitive vitamin is abundant in milk?

A) riboflavin
B) alpha-tocopherol
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin
Answer: A
Page Ref: 248
5
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
27) Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin A
Answer: B
Page Ref: 239

28) Carly and Adam have been married for three years and are beginning to think about having
children. Which vitamin should Carly make sure she is getting enough of prior to conceiving, in
order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?
A) pantothenic acid
B) vitamin D
C) riboflavin
D) folic acid
Answer: D
Page Ref: 254

29) Which vitamin has been shown to reduce the risk of colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers, as
well as reduce the risk of birth defects?
A) folic acid
B) alpha-tocopherol
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin
Answer: A
Page Ref: 254

30) Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?

A) collagen formation
B) bone growth
C) blood clotting
D) vitamin synthesis
Answer: A
Page Ref: 258

31) Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin B6
C) vitamin B2
D) vitamin C
Answer: B
Page Ref: 250

6
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) Which of the following is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?
A) osteomalacia
B) osteoporosis
C) rickets
D) beriberi
Answer: C
Page Ref: 244

33) Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?

A) rickets
B) osteomalacia
C) osteoporosis
D) scurvy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 259

34) Which factors may be responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?
A) increased use of sunscreens
B) limited outdoor activities
C) air pollution
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 244

35) Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized by your body?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) biotin
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 226

36) Thiamin deficiency results in which condition?

A) pellagra
B) scurvy
C) beriberi
D) rickets
Answer: C
Page Ref: 246

37) The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in

A) broccoli.
B) barley.
C) cherries.
D) bananas.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 231
7
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
38) Niacin has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of which of the following?
A) triglycerides
B) LDL
C) HDL
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250

39) Which is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?
A) frequent hand-washing
B) consuming the herb echinacea
C) taking vitamin C supplements
D) avoiding outside activities on very cold days
Answer: A
Page Ref: 261

40) Which of the following vitamins is NOT involved in breaking down homocysteine in the
blood?
A) B6
B) vitamin D
C) folate
D) B12
Answer: B
Page Ref: 230

41) Which of the following is NOT an antioxidant?

A) beta-carotene
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) biotin
Answer: D
Page Ref: 230

42) Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?
A) asparagus
B) beans
C) meat
D) oranges
Answer: A
Page Ref: 255

8
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
43) Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which food?
A) cantaloupe
B) oranges
C) eggs
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 264

44) All the following statements are true about vitamin B12 EXCEPT that
A) its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources.
B) it requires intrinsic factor for absorption to occur.
C) the ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.
D) when deficient, pernicious anemia may result.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 256

45) Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) B12
B) B6
C) B2
D) B5
Answer: A
Page Ref: 256

46) Which people might benefit from a vitamin supplement?

A) women of childbearing age
B) individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sun
C) strict vegetarians
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 267

47) Which supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration, according to a
study conducted by the National Eye Institute?
A) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene
B) vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacin
C) pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiamin
D) choline, carnitine, and inositol
Answer: A
Page Ref: 229

9
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
48) Where is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?
A) in the skin
B) in the liver and then kidneys
C) in the stomach and small intestine
D) in the pancreas and gallbladder
Answer: B
Page Ref: 242

49) Which vitamin helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?
A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) choline
D) vitamin E
Answer: A
Page Ref: 242

50) Vitamin K plays an essential role in

A) red blood cell division.
B) blood clotting.
C) the metabolism of energy nutrients.
D) the synthesis of collagen.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 240

True/False Questions

1) Excessive amounts of vitamin E in your body increase the risk of hemorrhage.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 238

2) Individuals with dark skin require less time in the sun than people with lighter skin in order to
self-synthesize vitamin D.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 242

3) The disease that occurs in humans with a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 246

4) Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of riboflavin.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 250

5) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 251

10
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 231

7) Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin
content.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 231

8) Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to be toxic in excess than water-soluble vitamins.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 228

9) Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12 if
diagnosed early enough.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 257

10) The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 234

11) Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 236

12) Carotenodermia is a serious toxic reaction to an overdose of vitamin A.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 237

13) The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 228

14) Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins essential for vision.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 240

15) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 237

16) One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 243

11
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
17) The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 244

18) One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C
supplements.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 261

19) Vitamins do not provide energy.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 226

20) Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve
damage.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 252

Short Answer Questions

1) What are coenzymes, and which vitamins play this role in the body?
Answer: Coenzymes are substances needed by enzymes to perform many chemical reactions in
your body. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and
biotin are all coenzymes. All are B vitamins.
Page Ref: 245

2) What is an antioxidant and which vitamins play this role in the body?
Answer: Antioxidants are substances that neutralize harmful oxygen-containing free radicals
that can cause cell damage. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are antioxidants.
Page Ref: 228

3) Vegans are particularly at risk for deficiencies of which vitamins?

Answer: B12 is only found in animal foods, and the best source of vitamin D is dairy, which
vegans would not consume.
Page Ref: 267

4) What are the first physical signs of riboflavin deficiency? What is one of the best food sources
for riboflavin?
Answer: The throat, mouth, and tongue will become red and inflamed, and lips will become dry
and scaly. Milk is an excellent source of riboflavin.
Page Ref: 249

5) Name four diseases that free radicals are thought to promote.

Answer: Free radicals may promote oxidative stress, which can contribute to heart disease,
cancer, aging, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration,
Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
Page Ref: 229
12
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Essay Questions

1) What is "intrinsic factor" and what is its relationship to vitamin B12? What happens if a
person no longer makes intrinsic factor?
Answer: Intrinsic factor is a protein produced in your stomach that helps promote vitamin B12
absorption. It binds with B12 in the small intestine, where the vitamin is absorbed. Individuals
who cannot make intrinsic factor are diagnosed with pernicious anemia and must be given
injections of B12 directly into the blood, bypassing the intestine.
Page Ref: 256

2) What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Which vitamins and minerals were shown
in a study by the National Eye Institute to reduce the risk of this disease?
Answer: AMD is a disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision in the
center of the eye and eventually blindness. Free radical accumulation contributes to AMD. A
study by the NEI discovered that supplements containing large amounts of antioxidants (vitamin
C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) along with the minerals zinc and copper, were effective in
reducing the risk of AMD as well as the loss of vision in people with advanced stages of AMD.
Page Ref: 229

3) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of which vitamin? Why is this

disease caused by chronic alcohol abuse? What are the common symptoms of this syndrome?
Answer: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of thiamine. Chronic
alcohol consumption/abuse interferes with the absorption of dietary thiamin, thus accelerating its
excretion from the body. The common symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include
memory loss, difficulty seeing, mental confusion, low blood pressure, uncontrolled movement of
the arms and legs, and even coma.
Page Ref: 273

4) Discuss the role folate plays during pregnancy.

Answer: Folate is very important, especially in the first few weeks after conception. A
deficiency during pregnancy can cause birth defects called neural tube defects. One result is
anencephaly, where the brain doesn't completely form and the baby dies soon after birth.
Another result is spina bifida where the neural tube doesn't form correctly and the baby is born
with its spinal cord exposed. Folic acid reduces the risk of these birth defects by 50 to 70 percent
if consumed at least the month prior to conception and during the early part of pregnancy.
Page Ref: 254

13
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Test Bank for Nutrition and You 5th Edition Blake

5) What is rickets, and why is its incidence increasing in the United States?
Answer: Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency in children. The bones of children with rickets do not
adequately mineralize with calcium and phosphorus, and this causes them to weaken. Due to
these "soft bones," these children develop bowed legs. The disease is on the rise, in spite of milk
being fortified with vitamin D, probably due to changes in the lifestyles and diets of children in
America. One reason may be the increase in the consumption of soft drinks instead of milk.
Another reason may be concern over skin cancer; childhood exposure to sunlight appears to
increase the risk of skin cancer, but exposure to sunlight is also a way self-synthesis of vitamin D
can occur. A last factor may be that air pollution reduces ultraviolet rays of the sun by as much
as 60 percent.
Page Ref: 244

14
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters