Technical Communication 14th Edition

Lannon Test Bank

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Pocilloporidae, 401
Podium, 428;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 479 f., 487;
of Holothuria nigra, 561;
of Elasipoda, 571 f.;
of Molpadiida, 575;
of Antedon rosacea, 582
Podocoryne, 270
Podocorynidae, 270
Podoplast, 19 n.
—see also Blepharoplast
Podostoma, 52;
transition between pseudopodium and flagellum in, 47 n.
Poecillastra compressa, 213, 222
Polar body, in Heliozoan syngamy, 72, 74
Polar fields, 415
Polian vesicle, of Asteroidea, 458;
of Ctenodiscus, 458;
of Solasteridae, 463;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 487;
of Echinus esculentus, 525;
of Holothuria nigra, 566
Polyaxon, 184
Polycanna, 278
Polycystineae (= Radiolarian skeletons), 87
Polycyttaria (= colonial Radiolaria), 76, 84 f.
Polygastrica (Ehrenberg's name for Ciliata), 146
Polykrikos, 110, 113 n., 131 f.
Polymastia, 224
Polymastigidae, 111
Polymitus form of male gametogonium of Acystosporidae liberating
sperms, 104 f.
Polymorphina, 59
Polyoeca, 111;
stalk of, 113
Polyorchis, 278
Polyphyes, 307
Polyphyidae, 307
Polypodium, 257
Polyps, 245, 246;
alternation of generations in, 44, 250
Polysiphonic, 276
Polystomella, 59;
dimorphism and life-history of, 67 f.
Polythalamia (= Foraminifera with more than one chamber to shell),
64
Polytoma, 111;
brood-division of active, 115;
P. uvella, gametes of, 116 n.
Polytomeae, Francé on, 119 n.
Polytrema, 59;
shell substance of, 62
Polytremacis, 346
Polyzoa, 428, 579;
Entoprocta, 621
Pontosphaera, 110
Porania, 455, 464;
P. pulvillus, 464
Poraniidae, 464
Porcellanaster, 471;
P. pacificus, 459;
P. caeruleus, 470
Porcellanasteridae, 455, 459, 470
Porcellanous Foraminifera, 58, 59, 62
Pore(s), in test of Foraminifera, 64;
in central capsule of Radiolaria, 76;
of contractile vacuole, 14;
of Ciliata, 143;
of Trachelius ovum, 153;
of embryonic cavity of Suctoria, not seen in Choanophrya, 161 n.;
of Sponges, 186, 187, 188, 189, 198
Pore-canal, of Asterias rubens, 441;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 486, 487;
of Echinus esculentus, 517;
 of Echinocardium cordatum, 552;
of a larval Holothuroid, 564;
of Elasipoda, 571;
of Antedon rosacea, 583;
of its larva, 619;
of Dipleurula, 608;
of larva of Asterina gibbosa, 612;
of Balanoglossus, 617
Pore-plate, of Echinus esculentus, 512;
of Strongylocentrotus droëbachiensis, 512;
of Endocyclica, 530 f.;
of petals of Echinarachnius parma, 544
Pore-rhomb, 597, 598
Porifera, 163 f.;
definition, 180;
systematic position, 181
—see also Sponges
Porites, 368 f., 373, 387, 388, 397
Poritidae, 396
Porocone, 81
Porocyte, 186, 199, 231
Porosphaera, 193, 282
Porpita, 309
Porta, on reproduction of Radiolaria Acantharia, 86 n.
Porulosa (Holotrypasta), 76 f.
Portuguese Man-of-War, 300, 308
Post-abdomen = fourth chamber of Monaxonic Radiolarian shell, 84
Posterior dorsal process, of ciliated band, of Bipinnaria and
Ophiopluteus, 606;
of Echinopluteus, 607;
of Auricularia, 608
Posterior lateral process, of ciliated band, of Bipinnaria,
Ophiopluteus, and Ophiothrix fragilis, 606;
of Echinopluteus, 607
Posterior wreath, of Peritrichaceae, 138;
of Vorticella, 156, 157;
of Trichodina, 158
Post-oral process, of ciliated band, of Bipinnaria and Ophiopluteus,
606;
of Echinopluteus, 607
Potato, rest and germination of, 32
Poteriodendron, 111
Potts, 180
Pouchet (the elder), on spontaneous generation, 43
Pouchet, Georges, on Protozoa, 45
Pouchetia, 110
Pourtalesia, 554;
P. jeffreysi, 554
Pourtalesiidae, 554 n.
Prae-oral process, of ciliated band, of Bipinnaria and Ophiopluteus,
606;
of Echinopluteus, 607
—see also Pre-oral
Pratt, E. M., 339, 348 n., 399 n.
Praya, 300, 306.
Prayinae, 306
Pre-Cambrian Echinodermata, 623
Precious Corals, 326, 352
Pre-oral, cilia, 139;
ridge, 139;
undulating membrane, 139
—see also Prae-oral
Preyer, on the response of Asteroidea to stimuli, 446 f.;
on the intelligence of Ophiuroidea, 488 f.
Primary spine, of Echinus esculentus, 506;
of Cidaridae, 532;
of Arbaciidae, 532;
of Echinothuriidae, 532, 535;
of Colobocentrotus, 532;
of Heterocentrotus, 532;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 550
Primnoa, 354;
P. lepadifera, 338
Primnoidae, 330, 335, 354
Pringsheim, on exogamy in Pandorina, 34 n.
Prionastraea (Astraeidae, 399), 375
Proboscis, of central capsule of Phaeodaria, 76
Progamic brood-division (= a brood-division to produce gametes),
96, 100
Proheliolites, 346
Promachocrinus, 594
Proper wall of Perforate Foraminiferal shell, 59, 63, 66
Prophylaxis, against mosquitos and malarial fever, 103, 106;
against pébrine in silkworms, 107
Prosodus, 210
Prosopyle, 170
Prostalia, 201
Protanthea, 377
Protantheidae, 377
Protaspidochirota, 578
Protechinoidea, 623
Proteid(s), 12;
digestion of, 15;
formation of, 36;
crystals, 37;
reserves in Flagellates, 110;
granules or spherules of Ciliata, 144;
of Suctoria, 161
Proteleia, 218
Proteomyxa, 48 f., 50, 88, 89 f.;
relations of, 40;
studied by botanists, 45;
parasitic in plant-cells, 48;
distinctions from Flagellates, 109
Proteoses, 15
Proterospongia, 111, 113, 122, 181 f.;
P. haeckeli, 182
Protista, 3 f.—see Protozoa
Protoalcyonacea, 329, 342
Protoclypeastroidea, 548
Protocnemes, 367
Protocoelomata, 616, 617
Protodendrochirota, 578
Protoholothuroid, 577
Protoholothuroidea, 578
Protohydra, 256
Protomastigaceae, 110 f., 112;
external plasmatic layer of, 113
Protomerite, of Gregarines, 97, 98
Protomyxa, 89
Protopelmatozoa, 623
Protophytes, 3 n.
Protoplasm, 3 f.;
structure of, 6;
refractive index of, 6, 11 n.;
movements of, 7;
specific gravity of, 13 n.;
of Protozoa, 46 f.;
of Radiolaria, 79 f.;
of Stylonychia, 140
Protospongia fenestrata, 207, 207
Prototheca, 385, 386
Protozoa, 1 f., 44 f.;
characters, 40;
parasitic, 40, 46;
literature, 45 f.;
geographical distribution, 47 f.;
habitat, 47;
classification, 50
Protractor muscles of Aristotle's lantern, 526
Protriaene (a triaene in which the cladi [branches] point forwards or
in the opposite direction to the rhabdome or shaft), 224
Prouho, on transverse fission in Gonactinia, 371 n.;
on gemmiform pedicellariae of Echinoidea, 509;
on habits of Dorocidaris papillata, 535
Prunoidea, 77
Prunophracta, 78
Psammocora (Fungiidae, 403), 390
Pseudambulacrum, 599
Pseudaxonia, 350, 353
Pseudomonocyclic, 594
Pseudonavicella, 96
Pseudophellia arctica, 379
Pseudopodia (um), 4 f., 17, 47, 49, 50 f.;
streaming of granules in, 17;
Lang's classification of, 47 n.;
transition to flagella, 47 n.;
of Rhizopoda, 49, 50 f., 52;
of Foraminifera, 49, 50, 60, 61, 65;
of Microgromia, 59, 60;
of Lieberkühnia, 61;
of Allogromia, 65;
of Miliola, 65;
of Rotalia, 65;
of Squamulina, 65;
of Heliozoa, 49, 50, 71, 72 f.;
of Radiolaria, 49, 50, 79, 80;
of Lankesteria, 96 n.;
of Flagellates, 109, 110;
transitory, in Flagellates, 109;
of Stentor, 152, 154;
of young Gellius varius, 173, 174
Pseudopodiospores, 68 f.
Pseudospora, 89;
P. lindstedtii, 89
Psilaster, 470;
P. acuminatus, 469
Psolus, 569, 573;
P. ephippifer, 574, 575, 602
Psychropotes, 572
Pteraster, 455, 466;
P. stellifer, 465;
P. militaris, 466
Pterasteridae, 455, 466
Pterocephalus, 97
Pteroeides, 359, 361
Pteroeididae, 361
Puffballs, 91
Pulsatile vacuole, 14;
= Contractile vacuole, q.v.
Pulsellum, 18, 114
Punjab, dourine disease in, 119
Pupa, of Holothuroidea, 615
Pure cultures, 43
Putrefaction, organisms of, 42 f., 116 f.
Pycnolithus, 346
Pycnopodia, 453, 474
Pygaster, 558, 559
Pygastrides, 548, 558;
P. relictus, 548
Pylome, 53;
of Rhizopods, 53 f.;
double, in monstrous Rhizopods, 55;
of Diaphorodon, 60;
of Foraminifera, 64;
of Radiolaria, 83;
of Sphaeropylida, 77 n.;
of Nassellaria, 83
Pyloric caeca (and duct), of Asterias rubens, 439;
of Porcellanaster pacificus, 459;
absent in Hyphalaster moseri, 459
Pyloric sac of Asterias rubens, 438
Pyramids, building-stone of, 70
Pyrenoid, 37, 115;
of Sphaerella, 126
Pyrocystis, 110;
P. fusiformis, 132
Pyrsonympha, 111;
flagella of, 114
Pytheas, 223
Pythonaster, 464
Pythonasteridae, 464
Pyxicola, 138, 158

Quadrula, 52;
Q. symmetrica, 55;
test of, 54
Quartan fever, a parasitic disease, 104 f.
Quartzites, Radiolarian, 87
Quasillina, 224
Quatrefages, de, 376
Quelch, 280
Quinqueloculina, 59, 65 f.
Quinqueloculine type, 67

Radial blood-strand (or vessel), of Asterias rubens, 450;

of Ophiothrix fragilis, 488
Radial canal, of water-vascular system, 428;
of Asterias rubens, 441;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 480, 486;
of Echinus esculentus, 517;
of Echinarachnius parma, 547;
of Holothuria nigra, 560;
of Pelagothuria, 572;
of Cystoidea, 580, 597;
of Carpoidea, 580;
of Thecoidea, 580;
of Crinoidea, 580;
of Blastoidea, 580, 599;
of Antedon rosacea, 583;
development of, in Asterina gibbosa, 611;
in Holothuroidea, 615;
in Antedon rosacea, 619
Radial fission in Volvocaceae, 110 f.
Radial nerve-cord, of Asterias rubens, 444, 445, 446, 447;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 488;
of Echinus esculentus, 518, 519, 522;
of Holothuria nigra, 566;
of oral system of Antedon rosacea, 584;
 of coelomic system of A. rosacea, 584, 585
Radial ossicle—see Radial Plate
Radial perihaemal canal, of Asterias rubens, 448;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 488;
of Echinus esculentus, 518, 524;
of Holothuria nigra, 566
Radial plate, of Ophiothrix fragilis, 484;
of Cladophiurae, 500;
of calcareous ring in Holothuria nigra, 566;
in Holothuroidea, 567, 569;
in Elasipoda, 569;
in Molpadiida, 569;
in Dendrochirota, 569;
of calyx in Antedon rosacea, 582, 584, 585;
in Crinoidea, 588;
in Hyocrinus, 588, 590;
in Rhizocrinidae, 588, 590;
in Metacrinus, 588, 591;
in Pentacrinus, 588, 591;
in Holopus, 592;
in Blastoidea, 599;
development, in Antedon rosacea, 619 f.
Radiolaria, 49, 50, 75 f.;
streaming of granules, 17;
brood-formation, 33, 85 f.;
regeneration, 35;
animal nutrition of, 40;
relations of, 49;
freshwater (= Heliozoa), 71;
shells and skeletons of, 77, 78, 80, 82 f., 84, 85;
symbiosis of Diatoms and yellow cells (= Zooxanthella) in, 82, 86 f.,
125;
parasites in, 86 f., 161;
Dreyer's scheme of skeletal forms in meshes of an alveolar
system, 84;
habitat, 87;
census of, 87;
 palaeontology, 87;
students of, 88
Radiolarian ooze, 87
Radiomyaria, 324
Radius, of Echinus esculentus, 503;
synonym of compass, 526;
of a Holothuroid, 562;
of Spatangoidea, 553;
of Antedon rosacea, 582;
of Promachocrinus, 594
Rain, bloody, 125
Rainey's tubes, 108
Ramulina, 59
Raphidiophrys, 71, 74
Raspailia, 225
Rastrites, 282
Ratarula larva, 302
Rathkea, 265, 270
Ratio (Spencer's) between bulk and surface of organism, 14, 23 f.,
31 f.
Reactions, chemical, of protoplasm and of vacuoles, 13;
motile, of Protozoa, 19 f.
Receptaculites, 207
Receptaculitidae, 207
Rectal caeca, of Asterias rubens, 439;
of Asteroidea, 459;
of Astropecten, 459;
of Asterias, 459;
of Asterina, 459;
of Echinasteridae, 459;
of Astropectinidae, 459
Rectum, of Asterias rubens, 439;
of Holothuria nigra, 563
Red colour of sea, due to Dinoflagellata, 132
Red Corals (= Coralliidae, 352)
Red marrow of bones, habitat of resting states of malarial parasites,
106 n.
Red snow, 125
Redi, on reproduction of Blowflies, 42
Reduction divisions, 75 n.;
of nucleus, 116 n.;
in Monocystis, 96;
in Coccidium, 100;
in Acystosporidae, 104 f.
Reef Corals, distribution of, 389
Reefs, Coral-, 390;
barrier-, 390 f.;
fringing, 390 f.;
atolls, 390 f.
Regeneration, 35;
of Stentor, 35;
of Thalassicolla nucleata, 79 n.;
of Infusoria after division, 145;
of oral apparatus of Ciliata during conjugation, 151
Regular Urchins, 529, 530 = Endocyclica, q.v.
Relapses of malarial fevers explained, 106
Relapsing fever, inoculated by Zambezian Tick, 121 n.
Relationship, cellular, explained, 10
Reniera, 217, 223
Renilla, 340, 359, 360, 363;
R. reniformis, 363
Renilleae, 363
Renillidae, 363
Reophax, 59
Repellent stimuli, response to, 20 f.
Reproduction, 10, 23 f.;
of Actinophrys sol, 72;
of Radiolaria, 84 f.;
of Flagellata, 107;
of Choanoflagellates, 122;
of Opalina, 123 f.;
of Volvocidae, 126, 127 f., 129 f.
—see also Brood-division, Spore, Syngamy
Reproductive cells, 31
—see also Gametes, Brood-cell
Reproductive organs—see Genital organs
Reserve(s), 16, 37;
accumulation of, 9, 13, 32 f.;
digestion of, 16;
consumption of, in brood-formation, 24, 32 f.;
of Flagellates, 110, 115;
-products, of brood-mother-cell, 32
Reservoir of contractile vacuole, of Flagellates, 110, 115;
in Euglenaceae, 125;
of Vorticella, 157
Respiration, 8, 14;
intramolecular, 14 n.;
in Asteroidea, 432;
in Asterias rubens, 437;
in Astropecten, 469;
in Luidia, 469, 470;
in Porcellanasteridae, 470;
in Ophiothrix fragilis, 485;
in Echinus esculentus, 517, 527;
in Echinarachnius parma, 544, 547;
in Echinocardium cordatum, 551;
in Holothuria nigra, 563, 564, 566;
in Molpadiida, 575;
in Synaptida, 576;
in Antedon rosacea, 582;
in Cystoidea, 597 f.;
in Blastoidea, 600
Respiratory tree, of Holothuria nigra, 563;
of Holothuroidea, 569;
of Aspidochirota, 569;
of Dendrochirota, 569, 572;
of Molpadiida, 569;
represented by caecum of Elasipoda, 569;
absent in Synaptida, 576;
in Pelagothuria, 572
Response, 8
Rest, of cell, 32;
vegetative and absolute contrasted, 37
—see also Cyst, Encystment, Hypnocyst
Resting state of malarial parasites, 106 n.
Reticulate, structure of protoplasm, 6;
endoplasm of Cystoflagellates, 110;
of Loxodes and Trachelius, 144, 153 f.
Retiograptus, 282
Retiolites, 282
Retiolitidae, 282
Retractor muscles, of Aristotle's lantern, 526;
of anterior part of body of Holothuroidea, 568;
of Dendrochirota, 568, 572
Reusenapparat, 145
Rhabdocrepid, 215, 224 (Crepis is the term applied to the
fundamental spicule by deposition of silica upon which a
desma is formed. A desma of which the crepis is uniaxial is
called a rhabdocrepid desma)
Rhabdoliths, 110, 114
Rhabdopleura, 617
Rhabdosphaera, 110
Rhabdospheres, 114
Rhabdus, 183, 184
Rhagon, 209, 213
Rheotaxy, 20 f.;
its rôle in syngamy of Mammals and Sauropsida, 34
Rhipidaster, 453, 463
Rhipidodendron, 111, 112 f.
Rhizocrinidae, 588, 589, 590 f.
Rhizocrinus, 588, 591
Rhizophysaliidae, 302, 308
Rhizopoda, 50, 51 f.;
formation of chromidia, 29 f.;
relations, 48 f.;
shell, 49, 51 f.;
Filosa, 50, 52 f.;
Lobosa, 50, 51 f.;
 test-bearing, 53 f., 55;
literature, 58
Rhizostoma, 325;
R. pulmo, 312, 325
Rhizostomata, 310, 323, 324
Rhizostomatidae, 325
Rhodactidae, 383
Rhodactis (Rhodactidae, 383);
R. sancti-thomae, 373
Rhodalia, 308
Rhodophysa (sub-family Physophorinae, 308), 300
Rhodophyton, 349
Rhodopsammia, 404
Rhopilema, 325;
R. esculenta, 312;
R. verrucosa, 312
Rhumbler, on Foraminifera, classification, 58 n.;
shell, 66 f.;
monstrous shells, 69 n.
Rhyncheta, 159 f., 160, 162
Rhythm, of cell-life and reproduction, 30 f.;
of contractile vacuoles in Paramecium, 143 n.;
in life-cycle of Infusoria, 148 n.
Ricordea, 371
Ridley, 216 n., 352 n.
Riisea, 355
Ring-canal, of water-vascular system, 428;
of Asterias rubens, 441;
of Echinus esculentus, 517;
of Holothuria nigra, 566
Robertson, on the habits of Echinocardium cordatum, 552
Rock-urchins, 529
Rodents, hosts of Trypanosoma lewisii, 119
Roemer, 199 n.
Romanes, on physiology of Echinoidea, 519, 521
Rompel, on Spirochona, 144 n.
Rosette, -aggregate, of Treponema, 120;
 of Antedon rosacea, 584
Ross, on intermediate host of malarial parasites, 103
Rotalia, 59, 65
Rotaliaceae, 59
Rotifers, bladder of, 14 n.;
rheotaxy of, 21;
distribution of, 48;
associated with Euglena viridis, 124;
formerly included under Infusoria, 136;
vibratile styles of, 141
Rotula, 548, 549
Rotula of Echinus esculentus, 526
Rotula muscles of Aristotle's lantern, 526
Roule, 408
Royal Society, early publications on Protozoa, 45
Ruminants, infested by Trypanosoma evansii, 119;
parasitic Ciliata in paunch of, 152
Rumphius, 360

Saccammina, 59, 63
Sacculus, of Antedon rosacea, 587;
of other species of Antedon, 588
Sagartia, 372, 375, 381;
S. troglodytes, 378
Sagartiidae, 381
Sagittal, 185
Sagittal ring, 78, 83;
plane, 414;
costae, 416 n.
Salenia, 538;
S. varispina, 538
Saleniidae, 530, 537, 558
Salivary gland of gnat in relation to malarial parasites, 105
Salpingoeca, 111, 122
Sand from sponges, a source of Foraminiferal tests, 62
Sand, René, on Suctoria, 162
Sand-dollar, 542
Sand-urchin, 529
Sanidaster (a modified euaster in which a slender rod-like axis bears
spines at intervals along its length), 222
Sapropelic Protozoa, 48
Saprophyte, 33, 37, 90, 113, 119;
relation to brood-formation, 33
Saprophytic, nutrition, 33, 37;
Flagellata, 113, 119
Sarasin, C. F. and P. B., on the madreporic vesicle and axial sinus of
Echinoidea, 528;
on the relationships of the Echinothuriidae and Holothuroidea, 537
Sarcocystis, 98;
S. tenella, 108 n.
Sarcocyte, 96, 98
Sarcode (Dujardin's term for protoplasm), 3 f.
Sarcodictyon, 344;
S. catenatum, 342
Sarcodictyum, 79
Sarcodina, relations of, 48 f., 49, 50 f.;
distinction from Flagellata, 109
Sarcoflagellum, 80
Sarcolemma of stalk-muscle of Vorticella, 157 n.
Sarcophyllum (Pennatulidae, 361), 360
Sarcophytum, 248, 330, 333, 347, 349
Sarcosporidiaceae, 98, 108
Sarsia, 265, 272;
S. prolifera, 272;
S. siphonophora, 272
Sauropsida, egg of, 34
Scaphiodon, 137, 141 n.
Schäfer, on mechanism of ciliary action, 18 n.
Schaudinn, on exogamy in Foraminifera and Trichosphaerium, 34 n.;
on Protozoa, 46;
Archiv für Protistenkunde, 46;
on chromidia in Sarcodina, 52 n.;
on Trichosphaerium sieboldi, 54, 56 f.;
on bud-fission in Rhizopoda, 55;
 on syngamic processes of Rhizopoda, 57;
on reproduction in Foraminifera, 67, 69 n.;
on Heliozoa, 71;
on Sporozoa, 94;
on life-cycle of Coccidiidae, 99, 101;
on relations of Halteridium and Trypanosoma, 103 n., 116 n., 120;
on relations of Acystosporidae, 106;
on conjugation in Flagellates, 116 n.;
on Trypanosoma, 120;
on Treponema, 120;
Fauna Arctica, 199 n.;
on Haleremita, 257
Schaudinnia arctica, 200
Scheel, on brood-formation in Amoeba proteus, 56 n.
Schewiakoff, on protoplasmic granules, 6 n.;
on geographical distribution of fresh-water Protozoa, 47 n.
Schiemenz, on the way in which Starfish open bivalves, 440
Schizaster, 556
Schizogony, of Coccidiaceae, 99 f., 101 f.;
of Haemosporidae, 102;
of Acystosporidae, 104 f.
Schizogregarinidae, 97
Schizomycetes, 36 f., 44
Schizont, 99;
of Acystosporidae, 103, 104 f.
Schizopathes, 408
Schizophytes, relations of, 48
Schizotricha (Ciliata), 138;
S. socialis, branched tube of, 152;
S. dichotoma (Plumulariidae, 279), 276
Schlumberger, on dimorphism of Foraminifera, 67
Schneider, on Sporozoa, 94
Schrammen, 215 n.
Schröter, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
Schuberg, on cilia and ciliary motion, 18 n., 141 n.
Schultze, Max, on Protozoa and on protoplasm, 46;
on structure of Foraminifera, 62
Schulze, F. E., on Heliozoa, 71;
on Sponges, 167, 197 n., 199, 200;
on Spongicola, 318
Schütt, on Dinoflagellata ("Peridiniales"), 119, 132
Sclerobase, 371, 407
Scleroblast, 171, 330
Scleroderm, 371
Sclerogorgiidae, 351
Sclerophytum, 330, 336, 348, 349;
S. querciforme, 348
Scopula, 141 n.
Scuta buccalia, of Ophiothrix fragilis, 485
Scutellidae, 549
Scyphidia, 138, 158;
S. scorpaenae, Zooxanthella symbiotic in, 125
Scyphistoma, 317
Scyphomedusae, 310 f.
Scyphozoa, 310 f.;
colour, 310;
food, 311;
phosphorescence, 311;
reproduction, 316;
size, 310;
structure, 312;
symbiosis, 311
Scytophorus, 380
Sea, luminosity or phosphorescence, produced by Cystoflagellata,
132, 134;
by Dinoflagellata, 132;
red colour of, due to Dinoflagellata, 132
Sea-anemones, 326, 365, 377
Sea-cucumbers (= Holothuroidea), 561
Sea-fans (= species of Gorgonacea), 350
Sea-lilies (= Crinoidea), 580 f.
Sea-pens, 326, 358
Sea-pansy, 364
Sea-urchins(= Echinoidea), 503;
 ovum of, 7
Secondary body-cavity (= Coelom, q.v.)
Secondary spines, of Echinus esculentus, 506;
of Cidaridae, 532;
of Colobocentrotus, 532;
of Heterocentrotus, 532;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 550
Secretion, 13
Segmentation, 32 n.;
of schizont of Acystosporidae, 104;
of oosperm, 104 f.;
of zygotomeres, 104 f.;
of reproductive cells of Volvox, 126, 127;
telolecithal, 133 n.
Semaeostomata, 323
Semon, on the phylogeny of Echinodermata, 622
Semper's larva, 405
Senility in life-cycle of Ciliata, 148
Senn, on Flagellates, 119
Sense-organs of Metazoa, 40
Sensory cilia, 141
Septum, protoplasmic, in Dicystic Gregarines, 97, 98 f.;
calcareous, of Madreporaria, 370
Seriatopora, 401
Sertularia, 278;
S. abietina, 278
Sertulariidae, 278
Serumsporidium, 89
Sex, binary (= syngamy with marked inequality between the pairing-
cells), 33 f.;
of Pterocephalus, 99;
of Stylorhynchus, 99, 100;
of Coccidiaceae, 97 f., 99 f.;
of Haemosporidae, 102 f.;
of Sarcocystis tenella, 108 n.;
of Volvocaceae, 128 f.;
of Eudorina, 129;