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Chapter 07
Energy Balance and Weight Control
1. The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is
_______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.
A. ATP
B. basal metabolism
C. thermogenesis
D. thermic effect of food
7-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
5. Carol eats 800 kilocalories a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been
walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted
weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity.
Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the
following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?
A. Her 800-kilocalorie diet
B. Her age
C. Her loss of lean body mass
D. Her walking routine
7-2
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
7. Physical activity
A. contributes about 70 percent of total energy expenditure.
B. is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal, regular exercise program.
C. includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.
D. contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.
7-3
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
9.
A.
the thermic effect of food represents about 5% to 10% of total energy expenditure.
B.
physical activity accounts for 45% to 55% of total energy expenditure.
C.
basal metabolism accounts for 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.
D.
of all the organs, the liver accounts for the highest proportion of basal metabolism.
10. The calorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed.
A. 1% to 2%
B. 5% to 10%
C. 15% to 20%
D. 20% to 25%
7-4
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
11.
____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 15% to 35%.
A. Adaptive thermogenesis
B. Thermic effect of food
C. Metabolism
D. Physical activity
12. The energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the
_______________ of food. This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.
A. transformation
B. thermic effect
C. metabolism
D. breakdown
13. The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a
result of overfeeding is called _______________.
A. adaptive thermogenesis
B. thermic effect of cold
C. heat metabolism
D. thermic metabolsim
7-5
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
14. Bill expends 2,500 kilocalories per day. What amount of kilocalories will be from basal
metabolism?
A. 250 to 375
B. 500 to 1,050
C. 1,200 to 1,500
D. 1,500 to 1,750
15. Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in
kilocalories, from the thermic effect of food?
A. 125 to 250
B. 250 to 375
C. 300 to 550
D. 425 to 600
7-6
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
17. The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat
given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is
A. direct calorimetry.
B. indirect calorimetry.
C. thermocalorimetry.
D. bomb calorimetry.
18. The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person
uses is measured is called
A. direct calorimetry.
B. indirect calorimetry.
C. thermocalorimetry.
D. bomb calorimetry.
19. Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler. He is
engaged in vigorous activity. Based on the MyPlate Calorie Guidelines, Bob needs
approximately _______________ kcal/day.
A. 2000
B. 2600
C. 3000
D. 3200
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Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
20. The MyPlate calorie guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is
A. 1600.
B. 2000.
C. 2400.
D. 2800.
21. When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men
warrants an obesity diagnosis.
A. 8%
B. 20%
C. 24%
D. 30%
22. When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for
women warrants an obesity diagnosis.
A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 37%
7-8
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
24. For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index
would be
A. 18.
B. 23.
C. 27.
D. 32.
25. How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and
weighs 72 kilograms?
A. The value does not exceed the value at which health risks begin.
B. Her health risks due to obesity would be high.
C. This indicates significant android obesity and high health risk.
D. She slightly exceeds the value at which health risks begin.
7-9
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
26. Men with body fat levels greater than _____ have increased health risks.
A. 20%
B. 24%
C. 30%
D. 35%
28. Which of the following testing methods is considered the most accurate way of measuring
percent body fat?
A. Underwater weighing
B. Skinfolds
C. Infrared light
D. Bioelectrical impedance
7-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
29. Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except
A. heart disease.
B. diabetes mellitus.
C. hypertension.
D. lung cancer.
31. Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a
considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to
exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation?
A. Her frequent weight loss attempts have most likely led to greater amounts of lean body
mass.
B. Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight.
C. When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.
D. Her problem results from poor habits, with studies showing genetics as an insignificant
contributor.
7-11
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
32. Which of the following is not a major goal for weight control programs?
A. 5-pound weight loss per week
B. Loss of stored fat
C. Sparing lean body mass
D. Reaching a healthy weight
33.
According to revised weight-loss prediction equations, a deficit of 10 kilocalories per day leads to an average weight loss of
______ over a 3-year period.
A.
1 pound
B.
1/2 pound
C.
5 pounds
D.
10 pounds
7-12
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
34.
The "3500-kilocalorie" rule, which assumes a negative energy balance of 500 kcal per day will lead to 1 pound of weight loss
per week, tends to
A.
overestimate the rate of weight loss.
B.
accurately predict the rate of weight loss.
C.
underestimate the rate of weight loss.
35. A weight-loss program should have all of the following characteristics except
A. use MyPlate as a pattern for food choices.
B. the plan should adapt to habits and tastes.
C. the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week.
D. the plan should be socially acceptable, allowing attendance at parties and restaurants.
7-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
36. As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best
practice is to
A. restrict more food choices.
B. reduce food intake to 1,000 kilocalories.
C. go off the weight control program and take a break.
D. increase physical activity.
37. Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight
control?
A. Severely restricting intake after overeating
B. Avoiding planned eating so you can be ready to handle spontaneous changes in the
situation
C. Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating
D. Weighing at the same time each day
38. Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called
A. chain-breaking.
B. stimulus control.
C. contingency management.
D. cognitive restructuring.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
40. _______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an
increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
A. Android
B. Gynecoid
C. Morbid
D. Cardiovascular
41. The best formal weight loss program for the average dieter is
A. Weight Watchers.
B. Jenny Craig.
C. Nutri-System.
D. Diet Center.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
42.
A. intestinal bypass.
B. gastric bypass.
C. gastric balloons.
D. gastrectomy.
43. The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to
A. eat high-fat foods such as cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef.
B. stop exercising.
C. eat calorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds.
D. eat high-calorie foods at the beginning of a meal.
7-16
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
47. Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction?
A. Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.
B. Amphetamines are not addictive.
C. Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger.
D. Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.
7-17
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
48. When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from
A. fat, water, and glycogen.
B. water, muscle tissue, and bone.
C. water, glycogen, and muscle tissue.
D. fat, water, and muscle tissue.
49.
A.
losses of neither fat nor lean tissue.
B.
losses of both fat and lean tissue.
C.
loss of lean tissue exclusively.
D.
loss of fat tissue exclusively.
7-18
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
50. Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called
A. stimulus control.
B. self-monitoring.
C. chain-breaking.
D. cognitive restructuring.
51.
Two nationally recognized self-help groups that teach people to modify problem behaviors as they lose weight are
52. John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is
_______________ kg/m2.
A. 5
B. 25
C. 31
D. 50
7-19
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
53. Cycles of loss and regain of weight are called _______________. With each cycle, it is
easier to gain weight and harder to lose.
A. plateauing
B. energy balancing
C. mindful eating
D. yo-yo dieting
54. A group of medications that induce stimulation of the central nervous system are
_______________.
A. amphetamines
B. neurotransmitters
C. diuretics
D. statins
55. An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used today for treating severely obese
individuals is ____________.
A. adjustable gastric banding (LAP Band)
B. stomach resection
C.
D. colonoscopy
7-20
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
58. All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except
A. they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass.
B. they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.
C. they often recommend expensive supplements.
D. they use testimonials from famous people.
7-21
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
59. Orlistat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat
A. storage by inhibiting lipase activity in fat cells.
B. digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine.
C. absorption by decreasing bile secretion.
D. circulation by inhibiting lipoprotein production.
60.
A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), also known as protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), allows a person ______________
kcal per day, often in liquid form.
A. 200 to 400
B. 400 to 800
C. 800 to 1000
D. 1200 to 1400
61.
The principles of _______________________ include being aware of the entire eating experience from food preparation to
consumption, including recognizing and respecting the physical hunger and satiety cues, and being wise in eating decisions.
A. awareness eating
B. mindless eating
C. mindful eating
D. stimulus control
7-22
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
62.
The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults should engage in the equivalent of 150 minutes of moderate-
intensity aerobic activity each week for substantial health benefits. Which of the following statements accurately describes
the physical activity required to lose excess body weight and maintain weight loss?
A.
Engaging in 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week is adequate for weight loss and weight
maintenance for most adults.
B.
Moderate-intensity aerobic activites are not adequate for weight loss or weight maintenance; intense activity is necessary to
boost basal metabolic rate.
C.
During a weight-loss program, physical activity should be restricted to no more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity
aerobic activity per week to prevent increases in appetite.
D.
Weight loss and weight maintenance will likely require more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per
week.
7-23
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
64. When considering physical activity for weight control, keep in mind that aerobic activity,
including brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, burns more ___________________ than
resistance activity.
A. fat
B. protein
C. glycogen
D. muscle
Matching Questions
7-24
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Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Energy Balance and Weight Control
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Niin nuorisoseurako?
— Mitä?
— Älä.
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Hän aukaisi oven. Mutta hän ei tahtonut uskoa todeksi, mitä näki.
Kirjoja pitkät hyllyt yhdellä seinällä ihan täynnä ja niin hyvässä
järjestyksessä. Tämähän on harvinaista, mietti Lauri Saha. Mihin
olen tullutkaan.
— Saanko luvan kysyä, miksi ette anna? kysyi Lauri Saha, sillä
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jotka juuri silmänsä ovat auki saaneet ja vaativat ihmishengen
tuloksista osansa. Lauri Saha pysähtyi hiukan ja näytti miettivän.