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4. Which of the following costs is NOT included in inventory under absorption costing?
6. Which of the following types of costs does NOT appear on a variable costing income statement?
a. direct materials
b. direct labour
c. opportunity cost
d. variable selling expense
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; exemplifying
7. Suppose production is less than sales volume. What is the relationship between net income under absorption costing
and profits when using variable-costing procedures?
8. Suppose monthly production volume is constant and sales volume is less than production. How will net income react
when using variable-costing procedures?
a. It will be greater than net income determined using absorption costing.
b. It will be less than net income determined using absorption costing.
c. It will be equal to net income determined using absorption costing.
d. It will be equal to contribution margin per unit times units sold.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 378
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; inferring
9. What is the general relationship between inventory values calculated using variable costing and inventory values
calculated using absorption costing?
a. They will be equal.
b. Inventory values calculated using variable costing will be less.
c. Inventory values calculated using variable costing will be greater.
d. Inventory values calculated using variable costing will be twice as much.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 379
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; inferring
10. What is the relationship between absorption costing net income and variable costing net income?
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-3
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
a. Absorption costing net income exceeds variable costing net income when units produced and sold are equal.
b. Variable costing net income exceeds absorption costing net income when units produced exceed units sold.
c. Absorption costing net income exceeds variable costing net income when units produced are less than units
sold.
d. Absorption costing net income exceeds variable costing net income when units produced are greater than units
sold.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 379
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
11. Gross margin is to absorption costing as which of the following is to variable costing?
a. gross profit
b. contribution margin
c. net income
d. territory margin
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 380
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; inferring
12. What are the two major costs associated with inventory assuming demand is known with certainty?
a. ordering costs and setup costs
b. setup costs and stockout costs
c. stockout costs and carrying costs
d. ordering costs and carrying costs
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; exemplifying
13. Which inventory cost can include insurance, inventory taxes, and obsolescence?
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-4
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
a. the ordering cost
b. the carrying cost
c. the stockout cost
d. the setup cost
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
14. Which inventory cost can include processing costs, cost of insurance for shipping, and unloading?
a. the ordering cost
b. the carrying cost
c. the stockout cost
d. the setup cost
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
15. Which inventory cost can include lost sales, cost of expediting, and cost of interrupted production?
a. the ordering cost
b. the carrying cost
c. the stockout cost
d. the setup cost
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
16. Which of the following is NOT a traditional reason for carrying inventory?
a. to satisfy customer demand
20. What costs do the ordering costs become when the economic order quantity (EOQ) model is applied to units produced
within the company?
a. setup costs
b. stockout costs
c. carrying costs
d. safety-stock costs
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 385
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
21. Lauren Company orders 250 units at a time and places 15 orders per year. Total ordering cost is $1,600, and total
carrying cost is $1,250. What is the economic order quantity?
a. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 250.
b. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is more than 250.
c. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is less than 250.
d. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 15.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; differentiating
22. 2L1S Company orders 250 units at a time and places 15 orders per year. Total ordering cost is $1,100, and total
carrying cost is $1,750. What is the economic order quantity?
a. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 250.
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-7
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
b. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is more than 250.
c. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is less than 250.
d. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 15.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; differentiating
23. LaTiffa Company orders 250 units at a time and places 15 orders per year. Total ordering cost is $1,100, and total
carrying cost is $1,100. Which best describes the economic order quantity?
a. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 250.
b. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is more than 250.
c. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is less than 250.
d. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is 15.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; differentiating
24. Consider the following portion of a segmented income statement for the year just ended. Assume fixed expenses of
Division A include $60,000 of direct expenses and that the discontinuance of the department will not affect the sales of
the other departments or reduce the common expenses.
Division A
Sales $200,000
Variable manufacturing costs 120,000
Gross profit $ 80,000
Fixed expenses (direct and allocated) 100,000
Operating income (loss) $ (20,000)
What is A’s divisional segment margin?
a. ($20,000)
b. $20,000
c. $40,000
d. $80,000
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $80,000 − $60,000 = $20,000
POINTS: 1
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-8
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 387
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
25. Prairie Inc. mines three products. Gold ore sells for $1,000 per ton, variable costs are $600 per ton, and fixed mining
costs are $250,000. The segment margin for the year was ($100,000). The management of Prairie Mining was considering
dropping the mining of gold ore. Only one-half of the fixed expenses are direct and would be eliminated if the segment
was dropped.
26. Shedding Company has two divisions with the following segment margins for the current year: Northern, $400,000;
Southern, $800,000. Common expenses of the company are $100,000. What is Shedding Company’s net income?
a. $300,000
b. $350,000
c. $700,000
d. $1,100,000
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $400,000 + $800,000 − $100,000 = $1,100,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 387
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
27. Segment sales revenue minus which of the following sets of costs is equal to segment margin?
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-9
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
a. variable cost of goods sold, variable selling expense, and direct fixed costs
b. variable selling expense, variable cost of goods sold, and common fixed costs
c. variable cost of goods sold, total selling expense, and direct fixed costs
d. variable selling expense, administrative expense, variable cost of goods sold, and direct fixed costs
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 387
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; classifying
30. How does a JIT system respond to the problems traditionally solved by carrying inventories?
a. by ensuring that sufficient inventory is on hand to prevent stockouts
b. by purchasing extra materials when price discounts are offered
Last year, Ella Company produced 10,000 units and sold 9,000 units at a price of $9 per unit. Costs for last year were as
follows:
Direct materials $10,000
Direct labour 15,000
Variable factory overhead 5,000
Fixed factory overhead 20,000
Variable selling expense 7,200
Fixed selling expense 5,000
Fixed administrative expense 12,000
Fixed factory overhead is applied on the basis of expected production. Last year, Ella expected to produce 10,000 units.
31. Refer to the Figure. Assume that beginning inventory was zero. What is the value of ending inventory under
absorption costing?
a. $2,000
b. $3,000
c. $3,720
d. $5,000
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Unit product cost = ($10,000 + $15,000 + $5,000 + $20,000)/10,000 = $5 Ending inventory =
$5 × 1,000 = $5,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
32. Refer to the Figure. Assume that beginning inventory was zero. What is the value of ending inventory under variable
costing?
a. $2,000
b. $3,000
c. $3,720
d. $5,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-11
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Unit product cost = ($10,000 + $15,000 + $5,000)/10,000 = $3 Ending inventory = $3 × 1,000
= $3,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
33. Refer to the Figure. What is the operating income for last year under absorption costing?
a. $11,300
b. $11,800
c. $12,520
d. $36,000
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Sales $81,000
− COGS 45,000
Gross margin $36,000
− Selling expense 12,200
− Administrative expense 12,000
Operating income $11,800
Sales = 9,000 × $9 Unit product cost = ($10,000 + $15,000 + $5,000 + $20,000)/10,000 = $5
COGS = units × unit costs = 9,000 × $ = $45,000 Selling expense = $7,200 + $5,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
34. Refer to the Figure. What is the operating income for last year under variable costing?
a. $6,800
b. $9,000
c. $9,800
d. $11,800
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Sales $81,000
− Variable COGS 27,000
− Variable selling expense 7,200
Contribution margin $46,800
− Fixed factory overhead 20,000
− Fixed selling expense 5,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-12
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
− Administrative expense 12,000
Operating income $ 9,800
Sales = selling price × unit cost = $9 × $9,000 = $81,000 COGS = variable costs × units sold
= $3 × 9,000 = $27,000 Unit product cost = ($10,000 + $15,000 + $5,000)/10,000 = $3
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
36. Refer to the Figure. What is the operating income under absorption costing?
a. ($540)
b. $3,540
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-13
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
c. $3,740
d. $7,980
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Sales $29,400
− COGS 21,420
Gross margin $ 7,980
− Variable selling expense 840
− Fixed selling & administrative expense 3,600
Operating income $ 3,540
Sales = $14 × 2,100 COGS = $10.20 × 2,100 Variable Selling expense = 0.40 × 2,100
Direct materials $ 4.00
Direct labour $ 3.20
Variable overhead $ 1.00
Fixed overhead $ 2.00
Total $10.20
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
37. Refer to the Figure. What is the operating income under variable costing?
a. ($540)
b. $3,540
c. $3,740
d. $7,980
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Sales $29,400
− Variable COGS 17,220
− Variable selling expense 840
Contribution margin $11,340
− Fixed factory overhead 4,000
− Fixed selling and admin. expense 3,600
Operating income $ 3,740
Direct materials $4.00
Direct labour 3.20
Variable overhead 1.00
Total $8.20
2,100 units sold @ $14 = $29,400 2,100 units cost @ $8.20 = $17,220 2,100 units variable
selling cost @ 0.40 = $840
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: p. 375
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-14
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
38. Refer to the Figure. What is the unit product cost under variable costing?
a. $7.20
b. $8.20
c. $8.60
d. $10.20
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Direct materials $4.00
Direct labour 3.20
Variable overhead 1.00
Total $8.20
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
Carmel Company uses 810 units of a part each year. The cost of placing one order is $10; the cost of carrying one unit in
inventory for a year is $4.
39. Refer to Carmel Company. Carmel has decided to begin ordering 60 units at a time. What is the average annual
carrying cost of Benton’s new policy?
a. $5
b. $30
c. $120
d. $180
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Annual carrying cost = (60/2) × $4 = $120
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 385
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
40. Refer to the Figure. Benton has decided to begin ordering 60 units at a time. What is the average annual ordering cost
of Benton’s new policy?
a. $60
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-15
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
b. $135
c. $150
d. $185
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Average annual order cost = (810/60) × $10 = $135.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 385
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
The following information pertains to Nute Corporation (the per unit amounts apply to all years):
Beginning inventory 1,000 units
Ending inventory 6,000 units
Direct labour per unit $40
Direct materials per unit 20
Variable overhead per unit 10
Fixed overhead per unit 30
Variable selling and administrative costs per unit 6
Fixed selling and administrative costs per unit 14
42. Refer to the Figure. What is the value of the ending inventory using the absorption costing method?
a. $240,000
b. $360,000
c. $420,000
d. $600,000
ANSWER: d
43. Refer to the Figure. What is the relationship between absorption costing net income and variable costing net income?
a. Absorption costing net income is $150,000 less.
b. Absorption costing net income is $150,000 greater.
c. Absorption costing net income is $240,000 less.
d. Absorption costing net income is $240,000 greater.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS:
Fixed overhead in beginning inventory $ 30,000
Fixed overhead in ending inventory 180,000
Difference $150,000
Since production exceeds sales, absorption costing net income is larger by $150,000.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p.375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
44. Refer to the Figure. What is the value of the ending inventory using the variable costing method?
a. $240,000
b. $350,000
c. $360,000
d. $420,000
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: ($40 + $20 + $10) × 6,000 = $420,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
46. Refer to the Figure. What is the cost of ending inventory for Westwood using the variable costing method?
a. $80,000
b. $120,000
c. $180,000
d. $320,000
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $80 × 4,000 = $320,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
47. Refer to the Figure. What is the net income for Westwood using the absorption costing method?
a. $452,000
b. $480,000
c. $600,000
d. $2,408,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-18
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: [($300 − $100) × 16,000] − $280,000 − (16,000 × $32) =
$2,408,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
48. Refer to the Figure. What is the net income for Westwood using the variable costing method?
a. $480,000
b. $600,000
c. $1,200,000
d. $2,328,000
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: [($300 − $80 − $32) × 16,000] − $680,000 = $2,328,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
50. Refer to the Figure. What is the inventory cost per unit using variable costing?
a. $42
b. $52
c. $62
d. $84
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $28 + $8 + $16 + $12 + $20 = $84
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
Raymond Company reported the following units of production and sales for June and July:
Units
Month Produced Sold
June 100,000 90,000
July 100,000 105,000
Net income under absorption costing for June was $40,000; net income under variable costing for July was $50,000. Fixed
manufacturing costs were $600,000 for each month.
51. Refer to the Figure. What was the net income for July using absorption costing?
a. $20,000
b. $40,000
c. $50,000
d. $80,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: ($600,000/100,000) × 5,000 = $30,000 Absorption costing
is lower by $30,000. Therefore, $50,000 less $30,000 equals a profit of $20,000.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-20
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
52. Refer to the Figure. What was the net income for June using variable costing?
a. ($40,000)
b. ($20,000)
c. $20,000
d. $40,000
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: ($600,000/100,000) × 10,000 = $60,000 Absorption costing
is higher by $60,000. Therefore, $40,000 less $60,000 equals a loss of $20,000.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
Theele Corporation has the following information for April, May, and June:
April May June
Units produced 10,000 10,000 10,000
Units sold 7,000 8,500 10,500
Production costs per unit (based on 10,000 units) are as follows:
Direct materials $13
Direct labour 9
Variable factory overhead 7
Fixed factory overhead 5
Variable selling and administrative expenses 10
Fixed selling and administrative expenses 4
Theele Corporation had no beginning inventories for April, and all units were sold for $55 per unit. Costs are stable over
the three months.
53. Refer to the Figure. What is the May ending inventory for Theele Corporation when using the absorption costing
method?
a. $39,000
b. $45,000
c. $153,000
d. $300,000
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: 4,500 × ($13 + $9 + $7 + $5) = $153,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-21
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
54. Refer to the Figure. What is the April ending inventory for Theele Corporation when using the variable costing
method?
a. $87,000
b. $90,000
c. $108,000
d. $260,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: 3,000 × ($13 + $9 + $7) = $87,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
55. Refer to the Figure. What is the June ending inventory for Theele Corporation when using the variable costing
method?
a. $15,000
b. $116,000
c. $120,000
d. $260,000
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS:
April May June
Units of beginning inventory 0 3,000 4,500
Units produced 10,000 10,000 10,000
Units sold 7,000 8,500 10,500
Unit of ending inventory 3,000 4,500 4,000
4,000 × $29 = $116,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
56. Refer to the Figure. What is the May contribution margin for Theele Corporation when using the variable costing
method?
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-22
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
a. $136,000
b. $170,000
c. $204,000
d. $240,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: 8,500 × ($55 − $39) = $136,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
58. Refer to the Figure. What is the value of ending inventory when using the variable costing method?
a. $276,000
b. $320,000
c. $250,000
d. $390,000
59. Refer to the Figure. What is the relationship between absorption-costing net income and variable-costing net income?
a. Absorption-costing net income is $72,000 less.
b. Absorption-costing net income is $70,000 less.
c. Absorption-costing net income is $72,000 greater.
d. Absorption-costing net income is $70,000 greater.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: Shark Corporation has $72,000 more in fixed costs in
ending inventory relative to beginning inventory. In addition, production exceeds sales.
Therefore, absorption costing net income exceeds variable-costing net income by $72,000.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
Operating Company has the following information pertaining to its two divisions for the current year:
South
North Division
Division
Variable selling and administrative expenses $ 70,000 $ 90,000
Direct fixed manufacturing expenses 35,000 100,000
Sales 300,000 500,000
Direct fixed selling and administrative expenses 30,000 70,000
Variable manufacturing expenses 40,000 100,000
Common expenses are $50,000 for the current year.
60. Refer to the Figure. What is the segment margin for South Division?
a. $140,000
b. $210,000
c. $240,000
d. $310,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $500,000 − $90,000 − $100,000 − $70,000 − $100,000 =
$140,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-24
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
61. Refer to the Figure. What is the net income for Operating Company?
a. $41,000
b. $65,000
c. $215,000
d. $325,000
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $125,000 + $140,000 − $50,000 = $215,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
Cara Company has the following information pertaining to its two divisions for the current year:
European American
Division Division
Variable selling and administrative expenses $ 40,000 $ 55,000
Direct fixed manufacturing expenses 22,000 60,000
Sales 120,000 220,000
Direct fixed selling and administrative expenses 18,000 45,000
Variable manufacturing expenses 25,000 55,000
Common expenses are $18,000 for the current year.
62. Refer to the Figure. What is the segment margin for American Division?
a. $5,000
b. $55,000
c. $105,000
d. $155,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $220,000 − $55,000 − $60,000 − $45,000 − $55,000 =
$5,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-25
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
63. Refer to the Figure. What is the net income for Cara Company?
a. $2,000
b. $32,500
c. $150,000
d. $300,000
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS: $15,000 + $5,000 − $18,000 = $2,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom's Higher order; implementing
65. Refer to the Figure. What is the segment margin of the product line?
a. $280,000
67. Absorption costing income statements and variable costing income statements may differ because of their treatment of
fixed overhead costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Performance Measurement
68. Inventory costs under variable costing include only direct materials, direct labour, and fixed factory overhead.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 377
69. Inventory under absorption costing includes direct materials, direct labour, variable factory overhead, and fixed
factory overhead.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 377
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
70. All other things being equal, if the number of units produced in a period is larger than the number of units sold in a
period, absorption costing income will be higher than variable costing income.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 380
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
71. All other things being equal, if the number of units produced in a period is smaller than the number of units sold in
period, absorption costing income will be higher than variable costing income.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 380
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
72. The costs of NOT having a product available when demanded by a customer are called setup costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
73. If the demand for a product is known, total inventory-related costs consist of ordering costs and carrying costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
74. On a segmented income statement, fixed costs are broken down into direct fixed costs and overall fixed costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 383
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Cost Management
76. A major advantage to the JIT inventory approach is that it decreases carrying costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 391
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
77. The variable costing income statement for Kilem Company for this year is as follows:
Sales (6,000 units) $120,000
Variable expenses:
Cost of goods sold $36,000
Selling (10% of sales) 12,000 48,000
Contribution margin $ 72,000
Fixed expenses:
Manufacturing overhead $32,000
Administrative 14,400 38,400
Net income $ 25,600
Selected data for this year concerning the operations of the company are as follows:
Beginning inventory -0- units
Units produced 8,000 units
Manufacturing costs:
Direct labour $3.00 per unit
Direct materials 1.40 per unit
Variable overhead 1.60 per unit
Required: Prepare an absorption costing income statement for this year.
ANSWER:
Sales $120,000
Less cost of goods sold:
{6,000 × [$3.00 + $1.40 + $1.60
60,000
+ ($32,000/8,000)]}
Gross profit $ 60,000
Less operating expenses:
Selling expenses $12,000
Administrative expenses 14,400 26,400
Net income $ 33,600
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
78. Darker Company produced 30,000 units and sold 28,000 units in the current year. Beginning inventory was zero.
During the period, the following costs were incurred:
Indirect labour $ 60,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-30
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
Indirect materials 30,000
Other variable overhead 90,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead 180,000
Fixed administrative expenses 150,000
Fixed selling expenses 120,000
Variable selling expenses, per unit 40
Direct labour, per unit 80
Direct materials, per unit 20
Required: Compute the dollar amount of ending inventory using:
A. Absorption costing
B. Variable costing
ANSWER:
A. Variable costs:
Direct materials $ 20.00
Direct labour 80.00
Indirect labour 2.00
Indirect materials 1.00
Other variable overhead 3.00
Variable product costs per unit $ 106.00
Fixed manufacturing overhead 6.00
Total product costs per unit $ 112.00
Inventory units 2,000
Inventory value $224,000
79. Fellow’s Manufacturing Company produces three products: X, Y, and Z. The income statement for this year is as
follows:
Sales $200,000
Less: Variable expenses 127,000
Contribution margin $ 73,000
Less fixed expenses:
Manufacturing $20,000
Selling and administrative 14,000 34,000
Net income $ 39,000
The sales, contribution margin ratios, and direct fixed expenses for the three types of products are as follows:
X Y Z
Sales $60,000 $40,000 $100,000
Contribution margin ratio 35% 30% 40%
Direct fixed expenses of products $ 8,000 $ 5,000 $4,000
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-31
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
Required: Prepare income statements segmented by products. Include a column for the entire firm in the statement.
ANSWER:
Fellow’s Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
For this year
X Y Z Total
Sales $60,000 $40,000 $100,000 $200,000
Less: Variable expenses 39,000 28,000 60,000 127,000
Contribution margin $21,000 $12,000 $ 40,000 $ 73,000
Less: Direct fixed expenses 8,000 5,000 4,000 17,000
Product margin $13,000 $ 7,000 $ 36,000 $ 56,000
Less: Common expenses 17,000
$ 39,000
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.2 - 8.2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
80. Birdd Company uses 450 units of a part each year. The cost of placing one order is $10; the cost of carrying one unit
in inventory for a year is $2. Birdd currently orders 90 units at a time.
A. What is the annual ordering cost of Birdd’s current policy?
B. What is the annual carrying cost of Birdd’s current policy?
C. What is the total cost of Birdd’s current policy?
D. What is the EOQ for Birdd?
E. What is the total inventory-related cost at the EOQ?
ANSWER:
Birdd Company uses 450 units of a part each year. The cost of placing one order is $10; the
cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a year is $2. Birdd currently orders 90 units at a
time.
A. Annual ordering cost = (450/90) × $10 = $50
B. Annual carrying cost = (90/2) × $2 = $90
C. Total cost of Birdd’s current policy = $50 + $90= $140
D. EOQ = [√(2 × 450 × $10)/2] = 67 (rounded)
E. Total inventory-related cost = [$10 × (450 / 67)] + [(67/2) × $2] = $134
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
81. Stimpson Company sells 900 units of its deluxe product each year. The cost of setting up for one production run is
$150; the cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a year is $3.
A. What is the economic order quantity?
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-32
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
B. What is the annual setup cost of the EOQ policy?
C. What is the annual carrying cost of the EOQ policy?
D. What is the total inventory-related cost of the EOQ policy?
ANSWER:
A. EOQ = [√(2 × 900 × $150)/3] = 300
B. Annual setup cost = (900/300) × $150 = $450
C. Annual carrying cost = (300/2) × $3= $450
D. Total cost of the EOQ policy = $450 + $450 = $900
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
82. Timber Company sells 900 units of its deluxe product each year. The cost of setting up for one production run is $150;
the cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a year is $3. Timber currently produces 100 deluxe units in one production
run.
A. What is the annual setup cost of the current policy?
B. What is the annual carrying cost of the current policy?
C. What is the total inventory-related cost of the current policy?
D. Do you suppose that the current production run is smaller or larger than the EOQ? Why?
ANSWER:
A. Annual setup cost = (900/100) × $150 = $1,350
B. Annual carrying cost = (100/2) × $3= $150
C. Total cost of the current policy = $1,350 + $150 = $1,500
The EOQ must be more than 100 units because the set up cost for batches of 100
D. units is higher than the carrying cost. Thus, the current production run is smaller than
the EOQ.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.3 - 8.3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Analytic
United States - IMA-Decision Analysis
83. What is the difference between absorption-costing income and variable-costing income?
ANSWER:
The difference between absorption-costing income and variable-costing income is the
treatment of fixed factory overhead. Absorption costing attaches fixed factory overhead to
each unit produced. If the unit is sold, that portion of fixed factory overhead becomes part of
cost of goods sold. If the unit goes into inventory, it takes that portion of fixed factory
overhead into inventory with it. Variable costing treats fixed factory overhead as a period
expense, and does not include it in inventory.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MACC.MOWE.15.8.1 - 8.1
Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited. 8-33
Chapter 8 - Absorption and Variable Costing, and Inventory Management
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - AACSB Communication
United States - IMA-Cost Management
3. List three problems that inventory is meant to solve. How does the JIT producer handle these problems?
ANSWER:
The JIT firm:
Handles unpredictable customer orders by reducing setup times so that goods can be
1.
made-to-order
Handles high ordering costs by developing close relationships with suppliers and using
2.
only a few suppliers
Handles the need to purchase more to get quantity discounts by negotiating long-term
3.
contracts with suppliers so that the price is locked in
On which type of income statement does each of the following costs appear?
a. Variable costing income statement
b. Absorption costing income statement
c. Both types of income statements
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
96. Just-in-time
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Apr. 25.
It was declared in the legislature that there were ‘frequent murders
of innocent infants, whose mothers do conceal their pregnancy, and
do not call for necessary assistance in the birth.’ It was therefore
statute, that women acting in this secretive manner, and whose
babes were dead or missing, should be held as guilty of murder, and
punished accordingly.[28] That is to say, society, by treating
indiscretions with a puritanic severity, tempted women into
concealments of a dangerous kind, and then punished the crimes
which itself had produced, and this upon merely negative evidence.
Terrible as this act was, it did not wholly avail to make women
brave the severity of that social punishment which stood on the other
side. It is understood to have had many victims. In January 1705, no
fewer than four young women were in the Tolbooth of Aberdeen at
once for concealing pregnancy and 1690.
parturition, and all in a state of such
poverty that the authorities had to maintain them. On the 23d July
1706, the Privy Council dealt with a petition from Bessie Muckieson,
who had been two years ‘incarcerat’ in the Edinburgh Tolbooth on
account of the death of a child born by her, of which Robert Bogie in
Kennieston, in Fife, was the father. She had not concealed her
pregnancy, but the infant being born in secret, and found dead, she
was tried under the act.
At her trial she had made ingenuous confession of her offence,
while affirming that the child had not been ‘wronged,’ and she
protested that even the concealment of the birth was ‘through the
treacherous dealing and abominable counsel of the said Robert
Bogie.’ ‘Seeing she was a poor miserable object, and ane ignorant
wretch destitute of friends, throwing herself at their Lordships’
footstool for pity and accustomed clemency’—petitioning that her
just sentence might be changed into banishment, ‘that she might be a
living monument of a true penitent for her abominable guilt’—the
Lords looked relentingly on the case, and adjudged Bessie to pass
forth of the kingdom for the remainder of her life.[29]
It was seldom that such leniency was shewn. In March 1709, a
woman named Christian Adam was executed at Edinburgh for the
imputed crime of child-murder, and on the ensuing 6th of April, two
others suffered at the same place on the same account. In all these
three cases, occurring within four weeks of each other, the women