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Multiple Choice
3. All three types of critical theories lead us to question how we decide what acts and
what people are_____.
a. criminal
b. delinquent
c. deviant
d. good citizens
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 6-1: Explain the commonalities of all critical theories
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Critical Theories of Delinquency
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Labeling theory has its origins in the works of many scholars, but its best-known
concepts are primarily derived from the work of _____.
a. Lemert alone
b. Becker alone
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
c. Goffman alone
d. Lemert, Becker, and Goffman
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 6-2: Summarize labeling theory’s origins and key concepts
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Origins of Labeling Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. When a juvenile has been negatively labeled and the negative label sticks, causing
the juvenile to be treated differently by society, it is called:
a. Secondary deviance
b. Primary deviance
c. Stigmatization
d. Spoiled identity
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 6-2: Summarize labeling theory’s origins and key concepts
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Origins of Labeling Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Many variants of conflict theory are related to the work of ____ and his consideration
of social class.
a. Marx
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
b. Lemert
c. Goffman
d. Becker
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 6-3: Outline the major conflict theories of delinquency and their key
concepts
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Origins of Conflict Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The conflict between owners and workers that Marx and Engels stated was built into
the workings of a capitalist economy is called ____.
a. class struggle
b. class warfare
c. class normalcy
d. class conflict
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 6-3: Outline the major conflict theories of delinquency and their key
concepts
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Origins of Conflict Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Colvin and Pauly stated that a young person may become part of a _______, in
which youth commit acts of delinquency as a means to an end—usually to obtain
something material or monetary to gain status in the group—or a _______, in which
youth oppose the mainstream through violence, underground economies, and/or gang
activity because of a lack of opportunities to succeed.
a. conflict delinquent subculture, criminal delinquent subculture
b. conflict-dependent subculture, criminal-dependent subculture
c. criminal delinquent subculture, conflict delinquent subculture
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
12. Which feminist theory primarily focuses upon the effects of the different socialization
and social treatment of boys and girls and men and women?
a. Liberal
b. Radical
c. Marxist
d. Socialist
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Origins of Feminist Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. An approach that places boys’ and men’s experience at the center of scholarly
examination, thereby neglecting or ignoring aspects of girls’ and women’s experience is
called:
a. feminism
b. androcentrism
c. gendered pathways
d. patriarchy
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
15. The social control of gender though laws and social conventions is related to the
behaviors of girls and transgender youth is the focus of which type of critical theory?
a. Labeling
b. Conflict
c. Feminist
d. Control
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Development of Feminist Theories of Crime and Delinquency
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Which feminist theory considers the processes of colonialism and globalization and
the manner by which women in developing countries are negatively affected by the
economic expansion of developed countries and efforts to superimpose Western ideas
upon others in the world?
a. Transnational
b. Lesbian
c. Postmodern
d. Marxist
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Origins of Feminist Theories
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. ____are more apt to internalize the delinquent label and to engage in future acts of
delinquency than ____ are.
a. Girls, boys
b. Boys, girls
c. Homosexual, heteresexual
d. Heterosexual, homosexual
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 6-5: Assess how critical theories address the relationship between
race, ethnicity, social class, gender, sexuality, and delinquency
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Labeling, Self-Concept, and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
19. According to conflict and Marxist theories, a switch from a ___ to a ___ economy
would help reduce delinquency.
a. socialist, capitalist
b. communist, capitalist
c. capitalist, communist
d. capitalist, socialist
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 6-6: Analyze the relevance of critical theories of delinquency to
public policy
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Critical Theories of Delinquency and Public Policy
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. ____ theorists usually support the redistribution of power in whatever way possible,
through progressive taxation, minimum-wage laws, comprehensive health care, paid
parental leave, and policies to support families in general.
a. Macro-level
b. Micro-level
c. Control
d. Critical
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 6-6: Analyze the relevance of critical theories of delinquency to
public policy
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Critical Theories of Delinquency and Public Policy
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Conflict theories focus on the ways that the benefits and burdens of our economic
and class system influence our definitions of delinquency and work to either encourage
or discourage delinquency.
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-1: Explain the commonalities of all critical theories
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Critical Theories of Delinquency
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Spoiled identity refers to what happens when a person has been labeled as
delinquent, criminal, or deviant, and the negative identity sticks, leaving him or her in a
perpetual state of stigmatization.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-2: Summarize labeling theory’s origins and key concepts
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Origins of Labeling Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. A classical theorist is one who assumes that society is based on class conflict and
that laws tend to reflect the interests of the powerful.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 6-3: Outline the major conflict theories of delinquency and their key
concepts
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Conflict Theory: A Focus on Socioeconomic Class
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Simpson and Ellis found experiences with disadvantaged schools, coercive authority,
and peer groups were related to serious patterns of delinquency.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-3: Outline the major conflict theories of delinquency and their key
concepts
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Conflict Theories of Delinquency
Difficulty Level: Hard
Instructor Resource
Bates, Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
7. Feminist theories generally agree that systems of knowledge do not reflect men’s
view of the natural and social world.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Origins of Feminist Theories
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Marxist feminism focuses upon the role of economics and class issues in society.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-4: Identify multiple feminist theories and their respective
emphases
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Origins of Feminist Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Bernburg and Krohn found that young adults who were Black (as labeled by juvenile
justice officials) and who came from an economically disadvantaged home (as labeled
by police or juvenile justice officials) were more likely to engage in crime than other
young adults who had been similarly labeled.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-5: Assess how critical theories address the relationship between
race, ethnicity, social class, gender, sexuality, and delinquency
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Labeling, Social Exclusion, Race, and Class
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
2. Compare and contrast primary and secondary deviance and give an example of
each.
Ans: The ideal answer will discuss the similarities and differences between primary and
secondary deviance and give an example of behavior that fits each one.
Learning Objective: 6-2: Summarize labeling theory’s origins and key concepts
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Labeling Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss the connection between Marx and the conflict theory of delinquency, and
analyze this theory’s ability to explain some delinquency.
Ans: The ideal answer will define and discuss conflict theory to the extent that it draws a
connection between Marx and the power differential, while further examining and
analyzing how this theory could explain some delinquency.
Learning Objective: 6-3: Outline the major conflict theories of delinquency and their key
concepts
Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Conflict Theory: A Focus on Socioeconomic Class
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss what changes to public policy could be made under the critical theories
concept.
Ans: The ideal answer will include at least two changes to existing public policy or
society that could be made using this type of theory.
Learning Objective: 6-6: Analyze the relevance of critical theories of delinquency to
public policy
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Critical Theories of Delinquency and Public Policy
Difficulty Level: Hard
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Abrégé de
l'histoire de l'Ukraine
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Language: French
ABRÉGÉ
DE L’HISTOIRE
DE L’UKRAINE
PAR
MICHEL HRUCHEVSKY
professeur à l’Université
Paris,
M. Giard et E. Brière
16, rue Soufflot.
Genève, Prague,
Librairie A. Eggimann Librairie ouvrière
rue du Marché 40. Hybernská ulice 7.
1920
Imprimerie J. Skalák a spol., Prague II., Hybernská ulice 7.
Avant propos.
I. S. U.