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6.1 Problems
Problem 6.1 (Sample mean, variance, and SD) Let the RV X produce the following nx = 10 real-
izations:
1.7, −0.8, −0.6, 0.5, 0.3, −0.5, 0.8, −0.1, 0.9, −0.7
Compute the sample mean, variance, and SD.
(ans:
Sample mean:
1.7 − 0.8 − 0.6 + 0.5 + 0.3 − 0.5 + 0.8 − 0.1 + 0.9 − 0.7
Ave(Xi ) = = 0.15
10
Sample variance: V ar(Xi ) = Ave(Xi2 ) − [Ave(Xi )]2
2.89 + 0.64 + 0.36 + 0.25 + 0.9 + 0.25 + 0.64 + 0.01 + 0.81 + 0.49
Ave(Xi2 ) = = 0.724
10
V ar(Xi ) = 0.724 − 0.0225 = 0.7015
Sample SD: √
SD(Xi ) = V ar(Xi ) = 0.838
)
Problem 6.2 (Probability that Y lies in [0.25,0.75)) What is the probability that the RV Y that is uni-
formly distributed over [0,1), will lie in the range [0.25, 0.75)?
(ans: The area from x = 0.25 to x = 2 under the PDF that extends over [0,1] is the same as the area
from x = 0.25 to x = 1 = 0.75 .
)
55
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
56 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
Problem 6.4 (Simulating random die toss) Starting with realizations of Y , how would you form T ,
the RV that simulates the result of a fair die toss, which equals the number of dots showing on the top
face? Sketch the PMF of T .
(ans:
Y extends over [0,1).
6Y extends over [0,6).
T = Ceil(6Y ) is the integer set [1,6].
The PMF of T :
1 2 3 4 5 6
Problem 6.5 (Adding 1 to Y ) Starting with RV Y , we add 1 to each value we observe to form
X =1+Y
2 and sketch p (x).
Compute µX , σX X
(ans:
=0.5
z}|{
µX = µY +1 = µY +1 = 1.5
2 1
σX = σY2 +1 = σY2 =
12
pX (x):
0 1 2
Problem 6.6 (Adding 1 to G) Starting with standardized RV G, add 1 to each value to form
X =1+G
2 and sketch p (x).
Compute µX , σX X
(ans:
=0
z}|{
µX = µG+1 = µG +1 = 1
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.1. PROBLEMS 57
2 2 2
σX = σG+1 = σG =1
pX (x):
σ =1
-1 0 1 2 3
Problem 6.7 (Multiplying Y by 2) Starting with RV Y that is uniformly distributed over [0,1), multi-
ply each value to form
Z = 2Y
(ans:
=0.5
z}|{
µZ = µ2Y = 2 µY = 1
4 1
σZ2 = σ2Y
2
= 4σY2 = =
12 3
pZ (x):
1/2
0 1 2
Problem 6.8 (Multiplying G by 2) Starting with standardized Gaussian RV G, multiply each value
by 2 to form
Z = 2G
(ans:
=0
z}|{
µZ = µ2G = 2 µG = 0
σZ2 = σ2G
2 2
= 4σG =4
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
58 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
p (x)
G σ =1
-2 -1 0 1 2
p (x)
Z
σ =2
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Problem 6.9 (Summing two independent standardized Gaussian RV s) Starting with independent stan-
dardized Gaussian RV s G1 and G2 , form
V = 2(G1 + 1) − (G2 − 1)
(ans:
V = 2(G1 + 1) − (G2 − 1) = 2G1 + 2 − G2 + 1 = 2G1 − G2 + 3
=0 =0
z}|{ z}|{
µV = µ2G1 −G2 +3 = µV = 2 µG1 − µG2 +3 = 3
=1 =1
z}|{ z}|{
σV2 = 2
σ2G1 −G2 +3
= 2
σ2G1 −G2
= 4 σG2
1
+(−1) 2 2
σG2 = 5
When adding Gaussian RV , the resulting P DF remains Gaussian and is completely specified by the
mean and standard deviation.
p (x)
G σ =1
-2 -1 0 1 2
p (x)
V
σ =(5)1/2 = 2.23
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.2. EXCEL PROJECTS 59
(ans:
A B C D
1 i Yi
2 0 0.683
3 1 0.875 SampleAve=
4 2 0.279 0.487
5 3 0.380
6 4 0.606 SampleSD=
7 5 0.347 0.306
8 6 0.716
9 7 0.072 SampleVar=
10 8 0.397 0.094
11 9 0.876
12 10 0.216
13 11 0.785
14 12 0.985
15 13 0.470
16 14 0.360
17 15 0.245
18 16 0.029
19 17 0.772
20 18 0.014
21 19 0.232
22 20 0.833
23 21 0.593
24 22 0.099
25 23 0.955
26 24 0.357
A B C D
1 i Yi
2 0 =RAND()
3 =A2+1 =RAND() SampleAve=
4 =A3+1 =RAND() =AVERAGE(B2:B26)
5 =A4+1 =RAND()
6 =A5+1 =RAND() SampleSD=
7 =A6+1 =RAND() =STDEV.S(B2:B26)
8 =A7+1 =RAND()
9 =A8+1 =RAND() SampleVar=
10 =A9+1 =RAND() =VAR(B2:B26)
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
60 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
Project 6.2 (Two Random Dice) Extend Example 13.30 to simulate the toss of two dice, D1i and D2i
for 0 ≤ i ≤ 24, and add the observed values together. Observe how the sums change as another set of
random numbers is generated.
(ans:
A B C D E F
1 i Y1i Y2i D1i D2i Sum
2 0 0.424 0.787 3 5 8
3 1 0.809 0.045 5 1 6
4 2 0.324 0.692 2 5 7
5 3 0.801 0.422 5 3 8
6 4 0.011 0.703 1 5 6
7 5 0.349 0.376 3 3 6
8 6 0.073 0.294 1 2 3
9 7 0.965 0.536 6 4 10
10 8 0.573 0.028 4 1 5
11 9 0.606 0.720 4 5 9
12 10 0.812 0.900 5 6 11
13 11 0.719 0.280 5 2 7
14 12 0.554 0.141 4 1 5
15 13 0.210 0.955 2 6 8
16 14 0.655 0.293 4 2 6
17 15 0.121 0.438 1 3 4
18 16 0.791 0.885 5 6 11
19 17 0.701 0.089 5 1 6
20 18 0.865 0.534 6 4 10
21 19 0.593 0.245 4 2 6
22 20 0.757 0.224 5 2 7
23 21 0.484 0.564 3 4 7
24 22 0.796 0.686 5 5 10
25 23 0.083 0.004 1 1 2
26 24 0.216 0.561 2 4 6
A B C D E F
1 i Y1i Y2i D1i D2i Sum
2 0 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B2,1) =CEILING(6*C2,1) =D2+E2
3 1 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B3,1) =CEILING(6*C3,1) =D3+E3
4 2 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B4,1) =CEILING(6*C4,1) =D4+E4
5 3 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B5,1) =CEILING(6*C5,1) =D5+E5
6 4 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B6,1) =CEILING(6*C6,1) =D6+E6
7 5 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B7,1) =CEILING(6*C7,1) =D7+E7
8 6 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B8,1) =CEILING(6*C8,1) =D8+E8
9 7 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B9,1) =CEILING(6*C9,1) =D9+E9
10 8 =RAND() =RAND() =CEILING(6*B10,1) =CEILING(6*C10,1) =D10+E10
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.2. EXCEL PROJECTS 61
Project 6.3 (Histogram of uniformly-distributed random numbers) Using Example 13.32 as a guide
generate a histogram of ten thousand random numbers produced by RAND().
(ans: The problem involves setting up the proper bin intervals in C and computing the bin number,
corresponding to the row number in D, from the random number generated in A2. The example shows
dividing the interval [0,1) into 10 bins, and including the adjacent bins to illustrate their zero counts.
Note that FLOOR must be used, as ROUND produces half-counts in the two limit bins.
A B C D A B C D
1 Y i= bin count 1 Y i= bin count
2 0.53448142 Ͳ0.1 0 2 =RAND() Ͳ0.1 0
3 0 929 3 =C2+0.1 1000
4 i= 0.1 1058 4 i= =C3+0.1 1006
5 10000 0.2 1025 5 10000 =C4+0.1 1000
6 0.3 972 6 =C5+0.1 1010
7 nX= 0.4 944 7 nX= =C6+0.1 952
8 10000 0.5 1028 8 10000 =C7+0.1 989
9 0.6 1011 9 =C8+0.1 975
10 bin#= 0.7 963 10 bin#= =C9+0.1 1009
11 8 0.8 1032 11 =3+FLOOR(10*A2,1) =C10+0.1 1046
12 0.9 1038 12 =C11+0.1 1013
13 Hist 1 0 13 Hist =C12+0.1 0
14 1.1 0 14 =C13+0.1 0
Sub hist()
Dim Val As Integer ’ define an integer variable
Range("D2:D14").Value = 0 ’ reset bin counts
Range("A5").Value = 0 ’ reset counter i
Do While Range("A5").Value < Range("A8").Value ’ loop for nX times
Val = Range("A11").Value ’ get bin value
If Val > 1 Then ’ if valid bin value
Range("D" & Val).Value = Range("D" & Val).Value + 1 ’ incr bin count
End If
Range("A5").Value = Range("A5").Value + 1 ’ increment counter i
Loop
End Sub
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
62 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
Project 6.4 (Random Gaussian noise) Extend Example 13.33 to generate nN = 25 random numbers
Ni for 0 ≤ i ≤ 24 and compute the sample averages. Combine columns B and C to form Ni with a
single formula using the PRNG. Observe how the sample averages change as another set of random
numbers is generated.
(ans:
A B C D
1 ʍN= 4
2
3 i Ni
4 0 Ͳ4.401
5 1 Ͳ0.931 SampleAve=
6 2 5.052 0.509
7 3 4.673
8 4 3.157 SampleSD=
9 5 Ͳ4.978 3.959
10 6 Ͳ1.091
11 7 4.841 SampleVar=
12 8 4.215 15.673
13 9 3.565
14 10 2.109
15 11 Ͳ1.378
16 12 Ͳ2.788
17 13 5.537
18 14 4.461
19 15 Ͳ0.966
20 16 4.473
21 17 1.705
22 18 Ͳ5.163
23 19 Ͳ1.696
24 20 1.914
25 21 0.483
26 22 Ͳ8.931
27 23 Ͳ3.951
28 24 2.801
A B C D
1 ʍN= 4
2
3 i Ni
4 0 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND())
5 =A4+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) SampleAve=
6 =A5+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =AVERAGE(B4:B28)
7 =A6+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND())
8 =A7+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) SampleSD=
9 =A8+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =STDEV.S(B4:B28)
10 =A9+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND())
11 =A10+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) SampleVar=
12 =A11+1 =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =VAR(B4:B28)
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.2. EXCEL PROJECTS 63
Project 6.5 (Noisy digital die-toss signals) Using Example 13.34 as a guide, compose a worksheet
that generates 25 samples of random data corresponding to a die toss that is corrupted by additive
random Gaussian noise with σN = 0.2
(ans: The issues here involve formatting the amplitude in the plot. Because almost all Gaussian values
fall within [-3σ, 3σ] of the mean, for σ = 0.2 the y scale range should be [(1-0.6)=0.4, (6+0.6)=6.6].
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 ʍN= 0.2
2
6.4
3 i Di Ni Si=Di+Ni
4 0 2 0.109 2.109 5.9
5 1 2 Ͳ0.018 1.982
6 2 5 0.126 5.126 5.4
7 3 3 0.268 3.268
8 4 1 0.021 1.021 4.9
9 5 5 Ͳ0.070 4.930
10 6 4 0.061 4.061 4.4
11 7 5 0.010 5.010
12 8 5 Ͳ0.179 4.821 3.9
13 9 4 Ͳ0.078 3.922
14 10 2 0.047 2.047 Di
3.4
15 11 2 Ͳ0.158 1.842 Si=Di+Ni
16 12 6 0.197 6.197 2.9
17 13 3 0.287 3.287
18 14 5 Ͳ0.223 4.777 2.4
19 15 3 Ͳ0.472 2.528
20 16 3 0.034 3.034 1.9
21 17 3 Ͳ0.220 2.780
22 18 2 Ͳ0.180 1.820 1.4
23 19 1 0.122 1.122
24 20 6 Ͳ0.031 5.969 0.9
25 21 1 Ͳ0.026 0.974
26 22 5 Ͳ0.099 4.901 0.4
27 23 5 Ͳ0.014 4.986 0 5 10 15 20
28 24 2 0.022 2.022
A B C D
3 i Di Ni Si=Di+Ni
4 0 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B4+C4
5 =A4+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B5+C5
6 =A5+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B6+C6
7 =A6+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B7+C7
8 =A7+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B8+C8
9 =A8+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B9+C9
10 =A9+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B10+C10
11 =A10+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B11+C11
12 =A11+1 =CEILING(6*RAND(),1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B12+C12
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
64 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
Project 6.6 (Thresholding noisy binary signals) Extend Example 13.35 to form 20 samples of ran-
dom binary data that is corrupted by additive random Gaussian noise with specified σN . Attempt to
determine the data from Si by applying a threshold τ = 0.5 to estimate the data value. Repeatedly
generate new data. Determine the σN value that typically produces 1 error is the 20 values of Si .
(ans:
A B C D E F
1 ʍN= 0.3
2
3 i Bi Ni Si=Bi+Ni ~Bi Error
4 0 1 Ͳ0.316 0.684 1 0
5 1 1 Ͳ0.489 0.511 1 0
6 2 1 Ͳ0.429 0.571 1 0
7 3 1 0.028 1.028 1 0
8 4 0 0.212 0.212 0 0
9 5 0 0.122 0.122 0 0
10 6 0 0.416 0.416 0 0
11 7 1 Ͳ0.184 0.816 1 0
12 8 0 0.394 0.394 0 0
13 9 0 Ͳ0.160 Ͳ0.160 0 0
14 10 1 Ͳ0.239 0.761 1 0
15 11 1 Ͳ0.022 0.978 1 0
16 12 1 Ͳ0.890 0.110 0 1
17 13 1 Ͳ0.180 0.820 1 0
18 14 1 0.548 1.548 1 0
19 15 1 0.484 1.484 1 0
20 16 1 Ͳ0.090 0.910 1 0
21 17 1 Ͳ0.189 0.811 1 0
22 18 0 0.088 0.088 0 0
23 19 1 0.148 1.148 1 0
A B C D E F
3 i Bi Ni Si=Bi+Ni ~Bi Error
4 0 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B4+C4 =IF(D4<0.5,0,1) =IF(B4<>E4,1,0)
5 =A4+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B5+C5 =IF(D5<0.5,0,1) =IF(B5<>E5,1,0)
6 =A5+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B6+C6 =IF(D6<0.5,0,1) =IF(B6<>E6,1,0)
7 =A6+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B7+C7 =IF(D7<0.5,0,1) =IF(B7<>E7,1,0)
8 =A7+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B8+C8 =IF(D8<0.5,0,1) =IF(B8<>E8,1,0)
9 =A8+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B9+C9 =IF(D9<0.5,0,1) =IF(B9<>E9,1,0)
10 =A9+1 =IF(RAND()<0.5,0,1) =$B$1*NORM.S.INV(RAND()) =B10+C10 =IF(D10<0.5,0,1) =IF(B10<>E10,1,0)
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.2. EXCEL PROJECTS 65
Project 6.7 (Histogram of noisy binary signals) Using Example 13.32 as a guide generate a histogram
of ten thousand noisy binary signals.
(ans: The random binary data takes on values of +1 and -1 computed in B1. The corresponding signal
is computed in D2. The noise standard deviation is specified in B3. The Sd is convenient for setting the
histogram limits. The Gaussian noise sample is computed in D3, and the signal plus noise is formed in
D4.
The histogram extends from hist min to hist max (= − hist min) and its parameters are computed
in the worksheet. The hist min value in A9 is computed from A and σN as hist min = −A − 4σN )) to
effectively guarantee that it will be less than the minimum Xi value encountered. The number of bins is
specified by the user in B9. The bin width is computed in C9 as −2( hist min)/(# bins-1). The bin number
of an observed value is the row number is the histogram display and is computed as rounded((Xi value
minus hist min)/bin width) +2 in C6 as
=ROUND((D4-A9)/C9,0)+2
This allows the verification of the bin number for each manual observation (produce by F9).
A B C D E F G
1 D= Ͳ1 bin count
2 A= 10 Si= Ͳ10.00 Ͳ18 0
3 ʍN= 2 Ni= 0.42 Ͳ16 8
4 Xi=Si+Ni Ͳ9.58 Ͳ14 40
5 nT= i= bin#= Ͳ12 112
6 1000 1000 6 Ͳ10 200
7 Ͳ8 113
8 histmin= #bins= width= Ͳ6 26
9 Ͳ18 19 2 Ͳ4 3
10 Ͳ2 0
11 0 0
12 2 0
13 Hist 4 3
14 6 32
15 8 114
16 10 215
17 12 101
18 14 33
19 16 0
20 18 0
A B C D
1 D= =2*ROUND(RAND(),0)Ͳ1
2 A= 10 Si= =B1*B2
3 ʍN= 2 Ni= =B3*NORM.S.INV(RAND())
4 Xi=Si+Ni =D2+D3
5 nT= i= bin#=
6 1000 1000 =ROUND((D4ͲA9)/C9,0)+2
7
8 histmin= #bins= width=
9 =ͲROUND(B2+4*B3,0) 19 =ͲROUND(2*A9/(B9Ͳ1),0)
Performing most of the computations in the worksheet allows the following VBA code to be relatively
simple.
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
66 CHAPTER 6. MODELING RANDOM DATA & NOISE
Sub hist()
Dim Val As Integer
Range("B6").Value = 0 ’ Reset counter i
For Val = 1 To Range("B9").Value ’ Set Hist Bin Vals
Range("F" & 1 + Val).Value = Range("A9").Value + (Val - 1) * Range("C9").Value
Range("G" & 1 + Val).Value = 0 ’ Initialize counts
Next
Do While Range("B6").Value < Range("A6").Value ’ loop for nT times
Val = Round((Range("D4").Value - Range("A9").Value) / Range("C9").Value) + 2 ’bin value
If Val > 1 Then ’ if valid bin value
Range("G" & Val).Value = Range("G" & Val).Value + 1 ’ incr bin count
End If
Range("B6").Value = Range("B6").Value + 1 ’ increment counter i
Loop
End Sub
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Chapter II.
At that time horses were used as a mode of conveyance so much
more than carriages, that almost every gentlewoman had her own
steed, and Miss Cochrane, being a skilful rider, was possessed of a
well-managed palfrey, on whose speed and other qualities she had
been accustomed to depend. On the morning after she had bid her
father farewell, long ere the inhabitants of Edinburgh were astir, she
found herself many miles on the road to the Borders. She had taken
care to attire herself in a manner which corresponded with the
design of passing herself off for a young serving-woman journeying
on a borrowed horse to the house of her mother in a distant part of
the country; and by only resting at solitary cottages, where she
generally found the family out at work, save perhaps an old woman
or some children, she had the good fortune, on the second day after
leaving Edinburgh, to reach in safety the abode of her old nurse, who
lived on the English side of the Tweed, four miles beyond the town of
Berwick. In this woman she knew she could place implicit
confidence, and to her, therefore, revealed her secret. She was
resolved, she said, to make an attempt to save her father’s life, by
stopping the postman, an equestrian like herself, and forcing him to
deliver up his bags, in which she expected to find the fatal warrant.
Singular as such a determination may appear in a delicate young
woman, especially if we consider that she was aware of the arms
always carried by the man to whose charge the mail was committed,
it is nevertheless an undoubted fact that such was her resolve. In
pursuance of this design, she had brought with her a brace of small
pistols, together with a horseman’s cloak tied up in a bundle, and
hung on the crutch of her saddle; and now borrowed from her nurse
the attire of her foster-brother, which, as he was a slight-made lad,
fitted her reasonably well.
At that period, all those appliances which at this day accelerate the
progress of the traveller were unknown, and the mail from London,
which now arrives in about ten hours, took eight days in reaching the
Scottish capital. Miss Cochrane thus calculated on a delay of sixteen
or seventeen days in the execution of her father’s sentence—a space
of time which she deemed amply sufficient to give a fair trial to the
treaty set on foot for his liberation. She had, by means which it is
unnecessary here to detail, possessed herself of the most minute
information with regard to the places at which the postmen rested on
their journey, one of which was a small public-house, kept by a
widow woman, on the outskirts of the little town of Belford. There
the man who received the bag at Durham was accustomed to arrive
about six o’clock in the morning, and take a few hours’ repose before
proceeding farther on his journey.[19] In pursuance of the plan laid
down by Miss Cochrane, she arrived at this inn about an hour after
the man had composed himself to sleep, in the hope of being able, by
the exercise of her wit and dexterity, to ease him of his charge.
19. Lest it should appear at issue with probability that the postman should
thus “take his ease at his inn,” it may be mentioned, as a fact defying all question,
that this official, at a period much later, used sometimes to dismount on a muir,
near the place here mentioned, and partake of a game at quoits, or other sports
which might be proceeding by the wayside.
Having put her horse into the stable, which was a duty that
devolved on the guests at this little change-house, from its mistress
having no ostler, she entered the only apartment which the house
afforded, and demanded refreshment.
“Sit down at the end of that table,” said the old woman, “for the
best I have to give you is there already; and be pleased, my bonnie
man, to make as little noise as ye can, for there’s ane asleep in that
bed that I like ill to disturb.”
Miss Cochrane promised fairly; and after attempting to eat some of
the viands, which were the remains of the sleeping man’s meal, she
asked for some cold water.
“What!” said the old dame, as she handed it to her; “ye are a water-
drinker, are ye? It’s but an ill custom for a change-house.”
“I am aware of that,” replied her guest; “and therefore, when in a
public-house, I always pay for it the price of the stronger potation,
which I cannot take.”
“Indeed!—well, that is but just,” said the landlady; “and I think the
more of you for such reasonable conduct.”
“Is the well where you get this water near at hand?” said the young
lady; “for if you will take the trouble to bring me some from it, as this
is rather warm, it shall be considered in the lawing.”
“It is a good bit off,” responded the landlady; “but I cannot refuse
to fetch some for such a civil, discreet lad, and will be as quick as I
can; but, for any sake, take care and don’t meddle with these pistols,”
she continued, pointing to a pair of pistols on the table, “for they are
loaded, and I am always terrified for them.”
Saying this, she disappeared; and Miss Cochrane, who would have
contrived some other errand for her, had the well been near, no
sooner saw the door shut, than she passed, with trembling eagerness,
and a cautious but rapid step, to the place where the man lay soundly
sleeping, in one of those close wooden bedsteads common in the
houses of the poor, the door of which was left half open to admit the
air, and which she opened still wider, in the hope of seeing the mail-
bag, and being able to seize upon it. But what was her dismay when
she beheld only a part of the integument which contained what she
would have sacrificed her life a thousand times to obtain, just
peeping out from below the shaggy head and brawny shoulders of its
keeper, who lay in such a position upon it as to give not the smallest
hope of its extraction without his being aroused from his nap.
A few bitter moments of observation served to convince her that
possession of this treasure must be obtained in some other way; and,
again closing the door of the bed, she approached the pistols, and
having taken them from the holsters, she as quickly as possible drew
the loading, which having secreted, she then returned them to their
cases, and resumed her seat at the foot of the table. She had barely
time to recover from the agitation into which the fear of the man’s
awakening during her recent occupation had thrown her, when the
old woman returned with the water; and having taken a draught, of
which she stood much in need, she settled her account much to her
landlady’s content, by paying for the water the price of a pot of beer.
Having then carelessly asked and ascertained how much longer the
other guest was likely to continue his sleep, she left the house, and
mounting her horse, set off at a trot, in a different direction from that
in which she had arrived.
Making a compass of two or three miles, she once more fell into
the high road between Belford and Berwick, where she walked her
horse gently on, awaiting the coming up of the postman. Though all
her faculties were now absorbed in one aim, and the thought of her
father’s deliverance still reigned supreme in her mind, yet she could
not help occasionally figuring to herself the possibility of her
tampering with the pistols being discovered, and their loading
replaced, in which case it was more than likely that her life would be
the forfeit of the act she meditated. A woman’s fears would still
intrude, notwithstanding all her heroism, and the glorious issue
which promised to attend the success of her enterprise. When she at
length saw and heard the postman advancing behind her, the strong
necessity of the case gave her renewed courage; and it was with
perfect coolness that, on his coming close up, she civilly saluted him,
put her horse into the same pace with his, and rode on for some way
in his company. He was a strong, thick-set fellow, with a good-
humoured countenance, which did not seem to Miss Cochrane, as
she looked anxiously upon it, to savour much of hardy daring. He
rode with the mail-bags (for there were two—one containing the
letters direct from London, and the other those taken up at the
different post-offices on the road) strapped firmly to his saddle in
front, close to the holsters. After riding a short distance together,
Miss Cochrane deemed it time, as they were nearly half-way between
Belford and Berwick, to commence her operations. She therefore
rode nearly close to her companion, and said, in a tone of
determination,—
“Friend, I have taken a fancy for those mail-bags of yours, and I
must have them; therefore, take my advice, and deliver them up
quietly, for I am provided for all hazards. I am mounted, as you see,
on a fleet steed; I carry firearms; and, moreover, am allied with those
who are stronger, though not bolder than myself. You see yonder
wood,” she continued, pointing to one at the distance of about a mile,
with an accent and air which was meant to carry intimidation with it;
“again, I say, take my advice; give me the bags, and speed back the
road you came for the present, nor dare to approach that wood for at
least two or three hours to come.”
There was in such language from a stripling something so
surprising that the man looked on Miss Cochrane for an instant in
silent and unfeigned amazement.
“If you mean, my young master,” said he, as soon as he found his
tongue, “to make yourself merry at my expense, you are welcome. I
am no sour churl to take offence at the idle words of a foolish boy.
But if,” he said, taking one of the pistols from the holster, and
turning its muzzle towards her, “ye are mad enough to harbour one
serious thought of such a matter, I am ready for you. But, methinks,
my lad, you seem at an age when robbing a garden or an old woman’s
fruit-stall would befit you better, if you must turn thief, than taking
his Majesty’s mails upon his own highway, from such a stout man as
I am. Be thankful, however, that you have met with one who will not
shed blood if he can help it, and sheer off before you provoke me to
fire.”
“Nay,” said his young antagonist, “I am not fonder of bloodshed
than you are; but if you will not be persuaded, what can I do? for I
have told you a truth, that mail I must and will have. So now
choose,” she continued, as she drew one of the small pistols from
under her cloak, and deliberately cocking it, presented it in his face.
“Then your blood be upon your own head,” said the fellow, as he
raised his hand, and fired his pistol, which, however, only flashed in
the pan. Dashing this weapon to the ground, he lost not a moment in
pulling out the other, which he also aimed at his assailant, and fired
with the same result. In a transport of rage and disappointment, the
man sprung from his horse, and made an attempt to seize her; but by
an adroit use of her spurs she eluded his grasp, and placed herself
out of his reach. Meanwhile his horse had moved forward some
yards, and to see and seize the advantage presented by this
circumstance was one and the same to the heroic girl, who, darting
towards it, caught the bridle, and having led her prize off about a
hundred yards, stopped while she called to the thunderstruck
postman to remind him of her advice about the wood. She then put
both horses to their speed, and on turning to look at the man she had
robbed, had the pleasure of perceiving that her mysterious threat
had taken effect, and he was now pursuing his way back to Belford.
Miss Cochrane speedily entered the wood to which she had
alluded, and tying the strange horse to a tree, out of all observation
from the road, proceeded to unfasten the straps of the mail. By
means of a sharp penknife, which set at defiance the appended locks,
she was soon mistress of the contents, and with an eager hand broke
open the Government dispatches, which were unerringly pointed out
to her by their address to the council in Edinburgh, and their
imposing weight and broad seals of office. Here she found not only
the warrant for her father’s death, but also many other sentences
inflicting different degrees of punishment on various delinquents.
These, however, it may be readily supposed, she did not then stop to
examine; she contented herself with tearing them into small
fragments, and placing them carefully in her bosom.
The intrepid girl now mounted her steed, and rode off, leaving all
the private papers as she had found them, imagining—what
eventually proved the case—that they would be discovered ere long,
from the hints she had thrown out about the wood, and thus reach
their proper places of destination. She now made all haste to reach
the cottage of her nurse, where, having not only committed to the
flames the fragments of the dreaded warrant, but also the other
obnoxious papers, she quickly resumed her female garments, and
was again, after this manly and daring action, the simple and
unassuming Miss Grizel Cochrane. Leaving the cloak and pistols
behind her, to be concealed by her nurse, she again mounted her
horse, and directed her flight towards Edinburgh, and by avoiding as
much as possible the high road, and resting at sequestered cottages,
as she had done before (and that only twice for a couple of hours
each time), she reached town early in the morning of the next day.
It must now suffice to say that the time gained by the heroic act
above related was productive of the end for which it was undertaken,
and that Sir John Cochrane was pardoned, at the instigation of the
king’s favourite counsellor, who interceded for him in consequence
of receiving a bribe of five thousand pounds from the Earl of
Dundonald. Of the feelings which on this occasion filled the heart of
his courageous and devoted daughter, we cannot speak in adequate
terms; and it is perhaps best at any rate to leave them to the
imagination of the reader. The state of the times was not such for
several years as to make it prudent that her adventure should be
publicly known; but after the Revolution, when the country was at
length relieved from persecution and danger, and every man was at
liberty to speak of the trials he had undergone, and the expedients by
which he had mastered them, her heroism was neither unknown nor
unapproved. Miss Cochrane afterwards married Mr Ker of Moriston,
in the county of Berwick; and there can be little doubt that she
proved equally affectionate and amiable as a wife, as she had already
been dutiful and devoted as a daughter.—Chambers’s Edinburgh
Journal.
THE FATAL PRAYER.
By William Bennet.