ANTONIO, Jazmine C.

BS Biology 4-2MB
2019-07450-MN-0 Evolutionary Biology

Cite 3 example of evolution as you perceived it or as you researched it. Give specific examples.
Examples Evidence
Rise of
Mankind from
Primates

Figure 1. The human lineage (Human Evolution | History, Stages, Timeline, Tree,
Chart, & Facts | Britannica, n.d.)

Scientific evidence has shown that physical and behavioral traits of people
originated from primates (Introduction to Human Evolution, n.d.).
 Bipedalism evolved over 4 million years ago
 Skull size and structure
 Brain size
 Survivability
 Art (found in caves)
 Genetic similarities between humans and apes
Development of
Horses

Figure 2. Evolution of horses ("18.5E: The Fossil Record and the Evolution of the
Modern Horse", 2018).

 Horse fossils show a dog-like ancestor that gave rise to the first horselike
species in the genus Eohippus (18.5E, 2018).
 Horses belong to an order whose members have hoofed feet, odd-numbered
toes, mobile upper lips, and similar tooth structure. With these evidences, we
can conclude that horses are related to rhinos as they both belong to the same
order- Perissodactyla ("18.5E: The Fossil Record and the Evolution of the
Modern Horse", 2018; "ADW: Rhinoceros: CLASSIFICATION", n.d.).
Development of
Birds

Figure 3. Ancestral tree of birds (The Origin of Birds - Understanding Evolution,

2021)

 Birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs that can be proven from fossils
found in museum specimens ("The Origin of Birds - Understanding Evolution",
2021).
 As a support for the claim that birds evolved from replites is that the presence
of scales and the ability of birds to lay eggs. Other similarities include
("Dinobuzz: Dinosaur-Bird Relationships", n.d.):
o Skeletal resemblances
- Pubis
- Elongated arms and forelimbs and clawed manus
- Large eye openings in the skull
- Flexible wrist
- Hollow, thin- walled bones
- 3-fingered opposable grasping manus
- Reduced, posteriorly stiffened tail
- Elongated metatarsals
- S-shaped curved neck
- Digitgrade stance
- Eggshell microstructure
- Teeth
 - Wing power stroke
- Expanded pneumatic sinuses in the skull
- Five or more vertebrae incorporated into the sacrum.
- Straplike scapula
- Fused clavicles to form a wishbone
- Hingelike ankle joint
- Secondary bony
- Possibly feathers
o Similar soft anatomy
o Flight ability
 Archaeopteryx is considered as the first bird, has characteristics such as:
o Feathers
o Teeth
o Bony tail
o Bones found in the hands, shoulder girdles, pelvis, and feet are distinct

References:
18.5E: The Fossil Record and the Evolution of the Modern Horse. (2018, July 13). Biology LibreTexts.

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book

%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/18%3A_Evolution_and_the_Origin_of_Species/

18.05%3A_Evidence_of_Evolution/18.5E

%3A_The_Fossil_Record_and_the_Evolution_of_the_Modern_Horse

ADW: Rhinoceros: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2022, from

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Rhinoceros/classification/

Dinobuzz: Dinosaur-Bird Relationships. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2022, from

https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/avians.html

Human evolution | History, Stages, Timeline, Tree, Chart, & Facts | Britannica. (n.d.). Retrieved

November 19, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution

Introduction to Human Evolution. (n.d.). The Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins Program.

Retrieved November 19, 2022, from http://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-

evolution

The origin of birds—Understanding Evolution. (2021, April 29). https://evolution.berkeley.edu/what-are-

evograms/the-origin-of-birds/