MICROBES IN

HUMAN
WELFARE

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01. Microorganisms or microbes are found in
(a) soil, air, water and inside the bodies of living organisms

(b) thermal vents deep in soil

(c) under snow and in highly acidic environments

(d) All of the above

02. The microscopic proteinaceous infectious agents are
(a) viroids

(b) prions

(c) protozoans

(d) bacteria
03. The nutritive medium for growing bacteria and many
fungi in the laboratory is called
(a) culture media

(b) fermentation media

(c) baking media

(d) None of the above

04. Which of the following bacteria convert milk into
curd?
(a) Propionibacterium shermanii

(b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

(c) Lactobacillus

(d) Thermophilic bacteria

05. Microorganisms such as Lactobacillus are commonly
called
(a) Citric Acid Bacteria (CAB)

(b) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)

(c) Tartaric Acid Bacteria (TAB)

(d) Formic Acid Bacteria (FAB)

06. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to human in
making curd from milk and in the production of
antibiotics are the ones categorised as
(a) cyanobacteria

(b) archaebacteria

(c) chemosynthetic autotrophs

(d) heterotrophic bacteria

07. The starter or inoculum is added to the fresh milk in
order to convert milk into curd and improves its
nutritional quality by increasing
(a) vitamin-B12

(b) protein

(c) calcium

(d) All of these

08. Which gas is released during the process of
fermentation that gives the puffy appearance to dough
for making bread?
(a) CO2

(b) CO

(c) O2

(d) H2
09. Toddy, a traditional drink of Southern India is made by
...A... of sap from …B… tree. Here, A and B refer to
(a) A–fermentation, B–palm

(b) A–fermentation, B–bamboo

(c) A–distillation, B–palm

(d) A–distillation, B–bamboo

10. Swiss cheese is formed by the bacterium
(a) Aspergillus niger

(b) Lactobacillus

(c) Propionibacterium shemanii

(d) Penicillium roqueforti

11. Roquefort cheese is formed by ripening with ...A...for
a particular flavour. Here A refers to
(a) yeast

(b) fungi

(c) bacteria

(d) None of these

12. Which of the following food items are produced
through fermentation by the microorganisms?
I. Idli II. Dosa
III. Toddy IV. Cheese
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II and III

(b) I, III and IV

(c) II, III and IV

(d) All of these

13. Which one of the following equipments is
essentially required for growing microbes on a large
scale, for industrial production of enzymes?
(a) Sludge digester

(b) Industrial oven

(c) Fermentor

(d) BOD incubator

14. The alcoholic beverages produced by the
distillation of the fermented broth are
(a) wine and beer

(b) wine, whisky and brandy

(c) whisky, brandy and rum

(d) whisky, beer and brandy

15. Which of the following organisms is used in the
production of beverages like wine, beer, whisky
brandy or rum?
(a) Clostridium butylicum

(b) Aspergillus niger

(c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

(d) Penicillium notatum

16. Yeast is used in the production of
(a) citric acid and lactic acid

(b) lipase and pectinase

(c) bread and beer

(d) cheese and butter

17. Brewer’s yeast is
(a) Penicillium notatum

(b) Trichoderma polysporum

(c) Propionibacterium shermanii

(d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

18. Who observed a mould growing in unwashed
culture plate while working on Staphylococcus
bacterium?
(a) Ernst Chain

(b) Alexander Fleming

(c) Lamarck

(d) Florey
19. Which one of the following antibiotics was extensively
used to treat American soldiers wounded in World
War-II?
(a) Streptokinase

(b) Penicillin

(c) Statins

(d) Neomycin
20. Who got Nobel Prize in 1945 for the discovery of
penicillin as an antibiotic?
(a) Alexander Fleming

(b) Ernst Chain

(c) Howard Florey

(d) All of these

21. Antibiotics are used to treat diseases like
(a) diphtheria, whooping cough

(b) plague

(c) leprosy

(d) All of the above

22. Which one of these microbes is used in the commercial
production of butyric acid?
(a) Clostridium butylicum

(b) Streptococcus butylicum

(c) Trichoderma polysporum

(d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

23. Which of the following is correctly matched for the
product produced by them?
(a) Acetobacter aceti – Antibiotics

(b) Methanobacterium – Lactic acid

(c) Penicillium notatum – Acetic acid

(d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Ethanol

24. Choose the incorrect pair.
(a) Lipases – Used in detergents for removing oil stains

(b) Pectinases and proteases – Used in clarifying

bottled juices

(c) Statins – Competitively inhibit the enzyme

responsible for cholesterol synthesis

(d) None of the above

25. Which of the following is used as ‘clot buster’ for
removing clots from blood vessels of patient who
have undergone myocardial infarction?
(a) Ethanol

(b) Statins

(c) Cyclosporin-A

(d) Streptokinase
26. Monascus purpureus is a yeast used commercially in
the production of
(a) ethanol

(b) streptokinase for removing clots from the blood vessels

(c) citric acid

(d) blood cholesterol lowering agent, statins

27. Which of the following is a commercial blood
cholesterol lowering agent?
(a) Statin

(b) Streptokinase

(c) Lipases

(d) Cyclosporin-A
28. Which products are synthesised from microbes?
I. Antibiotic
II. Toddy
III. Bioactive molecules
IV. Bread
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II, III and IV
(b) II, III and IV
(c) I and IV
(d) III and IV
29. Sewage contains large amounts of …A… and …B… .
Here A and B refer to
(a) A–inorganic matter, B–bacteria

(b) A–organic matter, B–pathogenic microbes

(c) A–organic matter, B–virus

(d) A–inorganic matter, B–pathogenic microbes

30. Primary treatment of wastes is the
(a) physical removal of large and small particles from sewage

(b) biological removal of large and small particles from

sewage

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) chemical removal of large and small particles from

sewag
31. In the primary treatment of sewage, the floating
debris is removed by sequential ... by passing through
wire mesh screens. The most appropriate word for
filling the blank is
(a) filtration

(b) sedimentation

(c) condensation

(d) evaporation
32. In the primary treatment of sewage, the soil and small
pebbles are removed by
(a) filtration

(b) sedimentation

(c) condensation

(d) evaporation
33. Which one of the following in sewage treatment
removes suspended solids?
(a) Tertiary treatment

(b) Secondary treatment

(c) Primary treatment

(d) Sludge treatment

34. In the biological treatment of sewage, the masses of
bacteria held together by fungal filament to form
mesh-like structures called as
(a) activated sludge

(b) aerobic process

(c) flocs

(d) anaerobic sludge

35. In the sewage treatment, bacterial flocs are allowed to
sediment in a settling tank. This sediment is called as
(a) activated sludge

(b) primary sludge

(c) anaerobic sludge

(d) secondary sludge

36. Activated sludge
(a) possesses flocs of decomposer microbes

(b) requires aeration for formation

(c) involves little decomposition

(d) forms during secondary sewage treatment

37. During sewage treatment, biogas is produced, which
includes
(a) methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide

(b) methane, oxygen and hydrogen sulphide

(c) hydrogen sulphide, methane and sulphur dioxide

(d) hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen and methane

38. Microbes are used in
I. primary treatment of sewage.
II. secondary treatment of sewage.
III. anaerobic sludge digesters.
IV. production of biogas.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, III and IV
(c) II, III and IV
(d) All of the above
39. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen
by microbes in water bodies. The greater BOD of
sample water, indicates that
(a) it is highly polluted

(b) it is not polluted

(c) it is moderately polluted

(d) pollution level cannot be determined

40. Which of the following plans has been initiated by the
Ministry of Environment and Forests to protect rivers
from water pollution?
(a) Ganga action plan

(b) Yamuna action plan

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

41. Methanogens are found in
I. organic acid II. rumen of cattle
III. butanal IV. anaerobic sludge
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II

(b) II and III

(c) II and IV

(d) III and IV

42. Which of the following bacteria is present in the
rumen of cattle?
(a) Rhizobium

(b) Azotobacter

(c) Methanobacterium

(d) Clostridium
43. The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the
production of biogas from the dung of ruminant
animals, include the
(a) thermoacidophiles

(b) methanogens

(c) eubacteria

(d) halophiles
44. Gobar gas generation technology in India was
developed by the collaboration of ...A... and ...B... .
Here, A and B refer to
(a) A–Rural Bank of India, B–Khadi and Village Industries
Commission
(b) A–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, B–Khadi and
Village Industries Commission
(c) A–National Bank for Agriculture and Development,
B–Indian Agricultural Research Institute
(d) A–National Bank for Agriculture and Development,
B–Khadi and Village Industries Commission
45. Bacillus thuringiensis is used as
(a) biofungicide

(b) biomolecule

(c) biocontrol agent

(d) bioweapon
46. In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as
protoxin is converted into active toxin due to
(a) alkaline pH of the insect gut

(b) acidic pH of the insect gut

(c) action of gut microorganisms

(d) the presence of conversion factors in insect gut

47. Cultivation of Bt cotton has been much in the news.
The prefix Bt means
(a) ‘Barium-treated’ cotton seeds

(b) ‘Bigger thread’ variety of cotton with better tensile

strength

(c) produced by ‘biotechnology’ using restriction enzymes

and ligases

(d) carrying an endotoxin gene from Bacillus

thuringiensis
48. Trichoderma species, free-living fungi, are present in
root ecosystems are potentially useful as
(a) biopesticides

(b) biofertiliser

(c) methanogens

(d) vectors for genetic engineering

49. Which of the following can be used as a biocontrol
agent in the treatment of plant disease?
(a) Chlorella

(b) Anabaena

(c) Lactobacillus

(d) Trichoderma
50. Baculoviruses (Nucleopolyhedrovirus) do not show
(a) host specificity

(b) narrow spectrum applications

(c) effects on non-target insects

(d) utility in IPM programme

51. A biocontrol agent to be a part of an integrated pest
management should be
(a) species-specific and symbiotic

(b) free-living and broad spectrum

(c) narrow spectrum and symbiotic

(d) species-specific and inactive on non-target organisms

52. Which one of the following is an example of carrying
out biological control of pests/diseases using
microbes?
(a) Trichoderma sp., against certain plant pathogens

(b) Nucleopolyhedrovirus against white rust in Brassica

(c) Bt cotton to increase cotton yield

(d) Ladybird beetle against mosquitoes in mustard

53. Select the correct group of biocontrol agents.
(a) Trichoderma, Baculovirus, Bacillus thuringiensis

(b) Oscillatoria, Rhizobium, Trichoderma

(c) Nostoc, Azospirillum, Nucleopolyhedrovirus

(d) Bacillus thuringiensis, Tobacco mosaic virus, Aphids

54. Organic farming includes
(a) use of fertilisers and pesticides of biological origin

(b) IPM (Integrated Pest Management)

(c) locally developed pest resistant varieties

(d) All of the above

55. The organisms which are used to enrich the nutrient
quality of the soil are
(a) bacteria

(b) cyanobacteria

(c) fungi

(d) All of these

56. The most important of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing
bacteria, which forms nodules on the roots of legume
plants is
(a) Aspergillus

(b) Rhizobium

(c) Penicillium

(d) Streptococcus
57. Among the following pairs of microbes, which pair
has both the microbes that can be used as
biofertilisers?
(a) Aspergillus and Rhizopus

(b) Rhizobium and Rhizopus

(c) Cyanobacteria and Rhizobium

(d) Aspergillus and Cyanobacteria

58. Which of the following belongs to free-living
nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
I. Rhizobium II. Azospirillum
III. Azotobacter
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II

(b) I and III

(c) II and III

(d) All of these

59. The symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of
higher plants is called
(a) eubacteria

(b) actinomycetes

(c) mycorrhiza

(d) lichen
60. The most common fungal partner of mycorrhiza
belongs to genus
(a) Azotobacter

(b) Glomus

(c) Azolla

(d) Frankia
61. Which one of the following helps in absorption of
phosphorus from soil?
(a) Nostoc

(b) Anabaena

(c) Glomus

(d) Yeast
62. Which of the following are the part or example of
symbiotic mutualistic association?
(a) Rhizobium

(b) Mycorrhiza

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Oscillatoria
63. Which of the following is cyanobacteria and fix
atmospheric nitrogen?
(a) Oscillatoria

(b) Nostoc

(c) Anabaena

(d) All of these

64. Which of the following is common to Azospirillum,
Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria?
(a) N2-fixer microbes

(b) Prokaryotic organism

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Eukaryotic organism

65. Which of the following serves as biofertiliser in
paddy fields?
(a) Anabaena

(b) Azospirillum

(c) Nostoc

(d) Both (a) and (c)

66. Azolla is used as a biofertiliser because it
(a) has association of mycorrhiza

(b) multiplies at faster rate to produce massive biomass

(c) has association of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium

(d) has association of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

67. A biocontrol agent used for pest butterfly caterpillars is
(a) Trichoderma

(b) Bacillus thuringiensis

(c) Pseudomonas

(d) Rhizobium
68. Select the group of organisms that are used as
biofertilisers in organic farming.
(a) Beijerinckia, Glomus and Anabaena

(b) Trichoderma, Baculovirus and B. thuringiensis

(c) Nostoc, Azolla pinnata and Tobacco mosaic virus

(d) Penicillium, Streptococcus and Aspergillus

69. Which is a bio fertilizer?
(a) Cyclospora

(b) Lichen

(c) Anabena

(d) Ascaris
70. Which statement about Lichen is correct
(a) Symbiotic association

(b) Pollution indicator

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

71. Acetic acid is produced with the help of:
(a) Albugo species

(b) Acetobacter species

(c) Aspergillus species

(d) Lactobacillus species

72. Antibiotics are mostly got from:
(a) Fungi

(b) Virus

(c) Bacteria

(d) Cyanobacteria
73. Which antibiotic was a Nobel prize winning discovery?
(a) Streptomycin

(b) Tetracyclin

(c) Penicillin

(d) Neomycin
74. Penicillin inhibits bacterial multiplication because it:
(a) checks RNA synthesis.

(b) checks DNA synthesis.

(c) destroys chromatin formation.

(d) inhibits cell wall formation.

75. Pasteurisation was discovered by:
(a) Louis Pasteur

(b) Lela Pasteur

(c) Robert Pasteur

(d) Alexander Pasteur

76. Which of the following is not an antibiotic?
(a) Griseofulvin

(b) Cephalosporin

(c) Citric acid

(d) Streptomycin
77. Probiotics are:
(a) live microbial food supplement.

(b) cancer inducing microbes.

(c) new kind of food allergens.

(d) safe antibiotics.

78. Streptokinase, used as a 'clot buster' is obtained from:
(a) Streptococcus

(b) Staphylococcus

(c) Lactobacillus

(d) Saccharomyces
79. Secondary sludge uses:
(a) gravitational sedimentation

(b) primary clarifier

(c) non-biodegradable materials

(d) micro-organism to consume waste organic material

80. Indicator of water pollution is:

(a) E. coli

(b) Chlorella

(c) Beggiatoa

(d) Ulothrix
81. Germinating barley is employed for preparation of:
(a) Wine

(c) Lactic acid

(b) Beer

(d) Cheese
82. Most widely used enzyme in detergents is:
(a) Amylases

(b) Proteases

(c) Lipases

(d) Glucoisomerases
83. Passage of effluents into oxidation tank is for:
(a) Primary treatment

(b) Secondary treatment

(c) Tertiary treatment

(d) Both (a) and (b)

84. Which of the following are Enzymes?
(a) Lipases

(b) Proteases

(c) Streptokinases

(d) All of the above

85. Cheese and yogurt are products of:
(a) Pasteurisation

(b) Fermentation

(c) Dehydration

(d) Distillation
86. Citric acid is obtained from:
(a) Aspergillus niger

(b) Rhizobium nigricans

(c) Penicillium citrinum

(d) Lactobacillus bulgaricus

87. Baculoviruses are excellent pathogens for:
(a) species-specific narrow spectrum pesticidal applications.

(b) species-specific broad spectrum pesticidal applications.

(c) species-specific narrow spectrum insecticidal applications.

(d) species-specific broad spectrum insecticidal applications.

88. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic
species of:
(a) Rhizobium

(b) Saccharomyces

(c) Escherichia

(d) Mycobacterium
89. The amount of oxygen required by the microbes n the
decomposition of organic matter is called:
(a) Chemical oxygen demand

(b) Biochemical oxygen demand

(c) Total oxygen demand

(d) Dissolved oxygen

90. In sewage treatment process, which part of decomposer bacteria
is recycled into starting of the process is called:
(a) Cyclic sludge

(b) Primary sludge

(c) Tertiary sludge

(d) Activated sludge

 ANSWERS

01. D 11. B 21. D 31. A 41. C 51. D 61. C 71. B 81. B

02. B 12. D 22. A 32. B 42. C 52. A 62. C 72. C 82. C
03. A 13. C 23. D 33. C 43. B 53. A 63. D 73. C 83. B
04. C 14. C 24. D 34. C 44. B 54. D 64. C 74. D 84. D
05. B 15. C 25. D 35. A 45. C 55. D 65. D 75. B 85. B
06. D 16. C 26. D 36. A 46. A 56. B 66. D 76. C 86. A
07. A 17. D 27. A 37. A 47. D 57. C 67. B 77. A 87. C
08. A 18. B 28. A 38. C 48. A 58. C 68. A 78. A 88. C
09. A 19. B 29. B 39. A 49. D 59. C 69. C 79. D 89. B
10. C 20. D 30. A 40. C 50. C 60. B 70. C 80. A 90. D