LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN

THE TROPICS
Sokunbi, Olujide Adedamola PhD, RAS
Animal Physiology and Bioclimatology Unit
Department of Animal Science
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
jide.sokunbi@gmail.com/07087369573
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE
TROPICS
Preamble
Tropical versus temperate environment
⚫ Heat stress/Cold stress
Two groups of livestock
⚫ Mongastrics (or non – ruminants)
- pig, poultry (chicken, turkey, duck, quail,
duck etc.), and rabbit (monogastric herbivore)
⚫ Ruminants
- cattle, sheep and goat
 BREEDS OF CHICKEN: EGG TYPE

⚫ White Leghorn Minorca Ancona

⚫ Rhode Island Red Hampshire Plymoth Rock

BREEDS OF CHICKEN: MEAT TYPE

White Rock Cornish Cross Barred Rock

Dorking Orpington Jersey Giant

 MANAGEMENT OF CHICKEN

⚫ Chick management
- before the arrivals of chicks
- after the arrivals of chicks
⚫ Meat breed (Broilers and Cockerels) management
⚫ Egg laying breed (layers) management
⚫ Vaccination Programmes (Dates and Preparation)
- Newcastle
- Infectious bursa (Gumboro)
- Fowl pox (only to egg laying chickens
 NUTRITION OF CHICKEN

⚫ Meat Type Chicken (Broilers)

- broiler starter diet
- broiler finisher diet
⚫ Egg Type Chickens (Layers)
- pullet starter diet
- pullet grower diet
- layers’ diet
Note: Cockerels are usually given pullet starter and pullet
grower diets
 BREEDS OF PIGS (EXOTIC)

Large White Landrace Duroc

Hampshire Berkshire Meishan

 BREEDS OF GOAT

Nubian Alpine Saanen

Toggenburg Boer Kalahari

Livestock Production Requirements
1. Site/Location
2. Stocking/Breeding
3. Housing
4. Nutrition
5. Diseases Prevention and Control
6. Records/Accounting
7. Processing and Packaging
8. Marketing
 BREEDING

Farmer’s goal/Consumer’s preference

Genetic base
Upgrading
Reproduction
-Natural mating
-Artificial insemination
 HOUSING

⚫ Meeting requirements in terms of space

⚫ Biosecurity requirements
⚫ Welfare of the livestock
⚫ Labour management
⚫ Waste management
 NUTRITION

NUTRITION
⚫ Meeting nutrients requirements of the
animals
⚫ Quality and quantity
⚫ Physiological status consideration
⚫ Efficiency of utilization
⚫ Cost per unit gain/Meeting set target
 DISEASES PREVENTION AND
CONTROL

⚫ Biosecurity measure
⚫ Insects (flies) control
- via feeding
⚫ Odour control
- water spillage control
- discontinue use of wallows
- removal of faeces into covered shed
with drainage system
 DISEASES PREVENTION AND
CONTROL CONT’D

⚫ Rodents and reptiles control

- wire netting
- traps
- chemical/fumigation
- biological
⚫ Biogas generation
- utilization on farm
- utilization off farm