COURSE: Public Safety Junior Leadership Course (PSJLC)

V – Police Operations

Lesson Plan

Topic : Civil Disturbance Management

Lesson Plan Number :

Target Audience : PSJLC Students

Venue : RTC Classroom

Training Number : 1

Time Allotted : 8 hrs

Instructional Methods :  Lecture  PE  Critique

Training Aids : Laptop, Multi-media projector, Projector

Screen, Laser Pointer

Training requirements : Notebook and Ballpen

Issue Items : Handouts

Required Instructor Qualifications:  General Instructor

 Specialized

 Master Instructor

Coordination : Not Necessary

References : Police Operational Manual

BP880

Lesson Goal : This lesson is intended for the participants

to have better understanding on the
overview of Civil Disturbance Management

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Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. discuss civil disturbance management as stated in Rule 26 of the PNP

Operational Procedures with 90% mastery level.
2. apply Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) operational approaches
with 90% security and safety of both CDM contingents and protesters.
3. list minimum elements of a civil disorder plan of action.
4. differentiate the kinds of formations used in civil disturbance
management analytically.
5. critique CDM operation based on prescribed rules and guidelines without
error.

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Presentation Outline:

METHODOLOG
CONTENT/ TOPICS TIME
Y

Introduction

• Opening Prayer
• Introduce the Instructor
15
• Checking of Attendance
minutes
• Administrative Announcements
• Clarifications of personal
learning/Leveling of expectation

Presentation
Introduce and discuss the following
specific areas.

Definition of important terms:

7 hours
• Disorder Concerns Lecture &
and 30
• Objectives of CDM Discussion
minutes
• General Guidelines
• Dispersal
• General Principles of Crowd
Control
• Use of Force

Application

15 Question and
Ask some reflection questions minutes Answer

Quiz/Exam

TOTAL 8 hours

*TP – Teaching Point

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 Lesson Plan

Lesson Topic – Civil Disturbance Management

I. INTRODUCTION: (15 MINUTES)

Preparatory Activities

• Opening Prayer
• Introduce the Instructor
• Checking of Attendance
• Administrative Announcements
• Clarifications of personal learning/Leveling of expectation

II. PRESENTATION (Lesson Proper): (7 HRS AND 30 MINUTES)

(CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT)

Civil Disorder Concerns:

• Violent political demonstrations

• Violence associated with returning refugees
• Road blocks to prevent free access to disputed areas
• Mining or planting other explosives at campaign rallies, public
meetings, or public buildings
• Attempts to physically disrupt public meetings’
• Attacks on dwellings of other ethnic groups
• Carrying firearms in or around public meetings
• Disruptive meetings celebrations or gatherings

Plan of Action

• Coverage of public gatherings and political meetings.

Coverage of movements of refugees, displaced persons, or others
that may present a threat to public order
• Security of political personalities, government officials, and members
of the international community
• Civil Disorder Units to combat any violent and non-violent civil
disorder situations

Objectives of CDM

Developmental Activities
➢ To restore order in the society

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 ➢ To reduce risks to the public
➢ To limit the damage resulting from a civil disturbance
➢ To avoid destruction of lives and properties
➢ To secure a VIP

General Guidelines:

The PNP CDM Contingent shall be:

➢ Under the command of a PCO with the rank of Police Senior

Inspector or higher
➢ Stationed at least 100 meters away from the place where the public
assembly is being held
(Sec 9 of BP 880; Sec 1 of POP)

Specific Guidelines:

Members of the PNP CDM Contingent must strictly observe the

following:

1. Complete uniform
2. Shall not carry any kind of firearms
3. Teargas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar anti-riot
device shall not be used unless;
a. The public assembly is attended by actual violence or serious
threat of violence
b. Or deliberate destruction of property
4. Must observe the policy of “maximum tolerance”
(Sec 10 of BP 880; Sec 2 of POP)

DISPERSAL

Dispersal of public assembly without permit:

When the public assembly is held without a permit where a permit is required,
the said public assembly may be peacefully dispersed. (Sec 12 of BP 880)

Dispersal of public assembly with permit

No Public Assembly with permit shall be dispersed. However, if an

assembly becomes violent, the Police may orderly dispersed such public
assembly.

1. First sign of impending violence

• Call the attention of the leaders
• Ask them to prevent any possible disturbance
2. Actual violence starts
Rocks or other harmful objects from the participants are thrown at the:

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 • Police
• Non-Participants
• Causing damage to property
3. Violence or disturbances prevailing not stop or abate
• Issue a warning
• Allowed reasonable period of time to lapse and order it to forthwith
disperse
(Sec 12 of BP 880)

List of Required Equipment

1. Baton or riot stick

2. Gas Mask
3. Wicker shield
4. Armor vest or body protector
5. Riot control helmet with visor
6. Gloves
7. Mega phone
8. Combat shoe

LEADERSHIP – is the art of guiding and directing, by persuasion or influence,

toward a course of action or thought.

COMMANDING – Implies the formal exercise of absolute authority, as by a

sovereign, military leader, etc.

• Commanding is of much shorter duration than leading

• Commanding is most often done under crisis situation; it is that
authority one holds by virtue of position in an organization

Command Presence

• It is an outward appearance that the person has the ability and

qualifications to take command of any situation
• It is the appearance of confidence ad competence

Command Responsibility

• The principal duty of the leader is to accomplish an assigned

mission through subordinates
• Because the leader must rely upon subordinates to accomplish
the mission, the welfare of these people is extremely important

Without attention to the morale and spirit de corps of subordinates, the leader’s
mission can rarely be accomplished

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CROWD CONTROL

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 • The principal duty of the leader is to accomplish an assigned mission
through subordinates
• Because the leader must rely upon subordinates, the leader’s mission
can rarely be accomplished
• Have adequate force available to control the crowd, plus reserve units
immediately available for use in the event of emergency
• Have all equipment, public address systems, vehicles and other logistics
that may be needed available and in proper functioning condition

USE OF FORCE

• The amount of force utilized to resolved or control civil disorder situation

and must be consistent with the actions of the crowd and the threat these
actions pose to the public and the police

Distinguishing between “reasonable” and “necessary” use of force

• The term “reasonable” refers to the level of force used by the officer
based upon the level of resistance exerted by the subject
• The term “necessary” refers to whether the force used by the officer was
appropriate or excessive, and of there were any available alternatives,
considering the totality of the circumstances

Use of Force Guidelines

Article 3 of the U.N.Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, states:

“Law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to
the extent required for the performance of their duty”.

The Six (6) Stages of Civil Disorder Police Response

• Rising Tensions Preparation, Intelligence

• Initial confrontation Officer Presence
• Initial violence Tactical Deployment
• Spread of violence Control Force Formulation
• Riot level violence Containment
• Aftermath Investigations, medical care,
rebuilding

Decision Making

One of the most important responsibilities of a commander, and the ability to

make timely, effective decisions is one of the commanders attribute

Basic Fundamental of Decision Making

• Perceptive problem or opportunity

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 • Set goals and objectives
• Generate alternatives
• Gather information
• Evaluate alternatives and their consequences
• Choose the best alternative

Suggestions for Making Difficult Tactical Decisions

• Consider provisions
• Consider what has worked in the past
• Refer to your knowledge of the position you and the duties and
responsibilities of the position
• Gain as much knowledge of civil disorder management and related
topics
• Become familiar with the capabilities and limitations of your unit
personnel
• Obtain input from subordinate supervisors
• Trust in judgment of subordinate supervisors
• Do not make decisions based upon how they will enhance your ability to
be promoted
• Recognize anytime you make a decision, you risk failure
• Consider the suspect’s (crowd’s) option
• Consider your options
• Deploy necessary resources to counter the suspect’s (crowd’s) options
• Prioritize the suspect’s (crowd’s) options
• Delegate

TACTICAL CONCEPTS

• Tactics – The art of deploying personnel and logistics to accomplish an

objective
• Strategy – The science or art of commanders, (managers) to meet an
adversary or accomplish an objective under advantageous conditions
• Technique – A technique is the means by which one transforms his
tactical decisions into action

Nine (9) Imperative Principles

• Maneuver
• Objective
• Offense
• Simplicity
• Economy of Force
• Mass

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 • Unit of Command
• Surprise Security

Tactical Use of the Dilemma

• A dilemma is often used to accomplished tactical objectives

• One method of creating dilemma is by depriving the suspect of space
• Another method of creating a tactical dilemma is by depriving the
suspect of time

The Body Cycle (OODA Loop)

• The importance of tempo in a conflict cannot be emphasized strongly

enough
• The ability to act, and in turn, cause the adversary to react, is one of the
most significant aspects of any tactical operation

Activities Requiring Pre-Planning

• Scheduled or unscheduled demonstrations or gatherings

• Athletic events
• Visits by dignitaries
• Disasters
• Events requiring more than normal resources

Content of Planning Format

• Situation
• Mission
• Post assignments and instructions
• Communications and logistics
• Arrest procedures
• Medical emergencies
• Personnel

Flexible Planning

• Flexibility enhances the ability to react more quickly to unforeseen

circumstances
• Plans may have to be changed to incorporate new developments or after
receiving more accurate information
• Contingency response should be incorporated within the operations plan
i.e. answers to “what if” questions
• Because not every contingency can be anticipated, planners must
remain flexible

COMMAND POST

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A command post is a field headquarters from which the commander directs
operations

ADVANTAGES OF COMMAND POST

• The command Post enables commanders to cope with the tempo and
complexity of crisis situations
• A Command Post provides the commander with the ability to direct
personnel and allocate logistical support

The Command Post is one of the first steps in establishing an organized

approach to resolving crisis situations

BASIC STAFFING

• ICS is flexible
• ICS can be established quickly
• Modular organization enables selected staffing of needed positions,
while unnecessary positions are not staffed
• Basics ICS concepts

Overview of Major Incident Management

• Pre-emergency plan
• Analyze risk/hazard area
• Identify critical facilities (ex. Hospitals, power plants, schools, airports)
• Develop an emergency organization
• Develop a mutual aid plan

Basic Concepts of ICS

• Common Technology
• Modular Organization
• Unified Command Structure
• Consolidated Action Plan
• Pre-designated Incident Facilities
• Manageable Span-of-Control
• Comprehensive Resource Management
Integrated Communications

PROCEDURES

• In preparation for passing through an intersection requiring control, the

convoy commander will instruct the drivers of the second and third
vehicles by radio to block the intersection

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 • In preparation for making a right turn at an intersection requiring control,
the convoy commander will instruct the driver of the second vehicle by
radio to block the appropriate lane

Rumors symptomatic of racial or ethnic riots through three stages:

• Tales of alleged insults and discriminations

• Reports of imminent violence, arming by the other race or faction and
the need to protect home and loved ones from invasion
• Crisis, rumors, the inflammatory acts of sexual assaults, beating,
murder, arson and other crimes

Handling Rumors

• Don’t Repeat a Rumor

• Stop the Spread of the Rumor
• Counteract the Rumor

Release of Information to the Media

• It is legally privileged or would violate the Constitutional Rights of the

accused
• Dissemination would jeopardize a sensitive or ongoing investigation or
inquiry
• It is specifically prohibited in this or any other Department directive
Release would expose the identity of a juvenile suspect of the victim(s)
of a sexual assault or violent sex crime

Procedures for Handling a Conflict Call

• Develop a plan of action prior to arrival

• Approach the scene
• Enter the location
• Position of individuals involved
• Calm the individuals
• Explore reasons for dispute
• Determine and conduct police action
• Depart from location

Five Common Types of Conflict Calls

• Assaults
• Threats
• Trespassing
• Landlord – tenant disputes
• Domestic

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Situations Resulting in Mass Arrests

• Demonstrators sitting, standing or slowly, walking through a strategic

major intersection to block ingress and egrees
• Demonstrators blocking access to a military installation, government
offices, schools or facilities
Rioters burning and looting buildings, and attacking citizen

Mass Arrest Teams

• Arrests should be made by a small group of officers detailed for this duty
• Mass arrest teams should consist of three to five officers each,
depending on availability

CROWD – A large number of persons temporarily congregated

Types of Crowd:

- Casual Crowd
- Inquisitive Crowd
- Expressive Crowd
- Hostile Crowd
- Mob

CDM FORMATIONS

- Column Formation
- Single Formation Double Line Formation
- Umbrella Formation
- Wedge Formation
- Double Wedge Formation
- Arrow Formation
- Box Formation

III. SUMMARY

IV. APPLICATION

▪ Ask some reflection questions

V. TEST

▪ Formulate aligned with the learning objectives.

▪ Closing Prayer

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