TRANSFORMADAS DE LAPLACE DE FUNCIONES ELEMENTALES

f (t) = L - 1 {F (s)} F (s) = L {f (t)}

1
1. 1 , s0
s
1
2. e at , s  a
sa
a
3. sen at , s  0
s  a2
2

n!
4. t n, n = entero positivo n1
, s0
s
s
5. cos at , s  0
s  a2
2

a
6. senh at , s  0
s  a2
2

s
7. cosh at , s  0
s  a2
2

b
8. e at sen bt , s  a
( s  a) 2  b 2
sa
9. e at cos bt , s  a
(s  a) 2 b 2
n!
10. t n e at , n = entero positivo , s  a
(s  a) n  1
tn 1
11. n 1
n! s
12. (πt) – 1 / 2 s -1/2
t n e at 1
13.
n! ( s  a) n  1
2a 3
14. sen at - at cos at
(s 2  a 2 ) 2
2a s
15. t sen at
(s  a 2 ) 2
2

1  et  1
16. ln  1  
t  s

79
 f (t) = L - 1 {F (s)} F (s) = L {f (t)}
2  a2 
17. (1  cos at ) ln  1  2 
t  s 
sen at a
18. arctg  
t s
s2  a2
19. t cos at
(s 2  a 2 ) 2
2as 2
20. sen at + at cos at
(s 2  a 2 ) 2
21. e at f (t) F (s - a)
 
3  a 2 t 2 sen at  3at cos at 1
22.
8a 5  s  a2 3
2

t sen at  at cos at 2 s
23.
8a 3 s  a2
2
3

F s 
0 f  d 
t
24.
s
 as
e
25. Ua (t)
s
Ua (t) f (t - a)
- as
26. e F (s)
1  s 
27. f (ct) F 
c  c 
(n)
s n F  s   s n1 f 0     f  n  1 0 
28. f ( t)

29. (- t) n f (t) F (n) (s)

0 f   g t    d 
30.
t F (s) G (s)

31.  (t – a) e - as
 REGLAS DE DERIVACIÓN

DERIVADAS ALGEBRAICAS

1. c’ = 0 (c = constante)
2. x’ = 1
3. ( f + g + h)’ (x) = f ‘ (x) + g’ (x) + h’ (x)
4. (c  f )’ (x) = c  f ‘ (x)
5. ( f  g)’ (x) = f (x)  g’ (x) + g (x)  f ‘ (x)
6. ( f  g  h)’ (x) = f (x)  g (x)  h’ (x) + f (x)  g’ (x)  h (x) + f ‘ (x)  g (x)  h (x)

f ' x 
,
 f 
7. 



 x  (c  0)
 c  c
,
 c  c f 'x
8. 



 x  
 f   f  x  2
,

 x   g  x   f '  x   f 2 x   g '  x 
 f 
9.  
   g  x 
 g 
10. (xn)’ = nx n–1

11. [(g (x)) n]’ = n [ g (x)]n – 1  g ‘ (x)

DERIVADAS DE LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS

1. sen’ (g (x)) = cos (g (x))  g’ (x)

2. cos’ (g (x)) = - sen (g (x))  g’ (x)
3. tg’ (g (x)) = sec2 (g (x))  g’ (x)
4. cotg’ (g (x)) = - cosec2 (g (x))  g’ (x)
5. sec’ (g (x)) = sec (g (x)) tg (g (x))  g’ (x)
6. cosec’ (g (x)) = - cosec (g (x)) cotg (g (x))  g’ (x)

DERIVADAS DE LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS INVERSAS

g'x 
1
1. arc sen’ (g (x)) =
1  g  x  2

g'x 
1
2. arc cos’ (g (x)) = -
1  g  x  2

93
 g'x 
1
3. arc tg’ (g (x)) =
1  g  x  2
g'x 
1
4. arc cotg’ (g (x)) = -
1  g  x  2
g'x 
1
5. arc sec’ (g (x)) =
gx   g  x  2  1

g'x 
1
6. arc cosec’ (g (x)) = -
gx   g  x  2  1

DERIVADAS DE LAS FUNCIONES LOGARÍTMICAS Y EXPONENCIALES

1
1. log’a (g (x)) = lna e  g’ (x) (a > 0, a  1)
gx 
 g ' x 
1
2. ln’ (g (x)) =
gx 
3. (a g (x))’ = a g (x) ln a  g’ (x) (a > 0)
4. (e g (x))’ = e g (x))  g’ (x)
 g'x 
5. (g (x) h (x))’ = g (x) h (x)   h '  x  ln g  x   h  x  
 g  x  

REGLA DE LA CADENA

( f  g)’ (x) = f ‘ (g (x))  g’ (x)

94
 REGLAS DE INTEGRACIÓN

INTEGRACIÓN DE FUNCIONES ELEMENTALES

1. (du + dv - dw) = du +  dv -  dw

2. c du = c  du
3. dx = x + c
u n 1
4. u n du = c (n  -1)
n 1

5.  du = ln u + c = ln u + ln c = ln cu
u
au
6. a u du = c
ln a
7. e u du = e u + c
8. sen u du = - cos u + c
9. cos u du = sen u + c
10. sec2 u du = tg u + c
11. cosec2 u du = - cotg u + c
12. sec u tg u du = sec u + c
13. cosec u cotg u du = - cosec u + c
14. tg u du = - ln cos u + c
15. cotg u du = ln sen u + c
16. sec u du = ln |sec u + tg u| + c
17. cosec u du = ln |cosec u - cotg u + c
1
18. 
du u
 arc tg  c
2 2
u a a a
1 ua
19. 
du
 ln c
2
u a 2
2a ua

du 1 au
20.   ln c
a u2 2
2a au
a2
21.  u 2  a 2 du 
u
u 2  a2  ln u  u 2  a 2  c
2 2
du u
22.   arc sen c
a u2 2 a

du
23.   ln u  u 2  a 2  c
2
u  a2

u a2 u
24.  a2  u 2 du  a2  u 2  arc sen c
2 2 a
du 1
25.   arc sec u  c
u u 2  a2 a

95
 IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS

FUNCIONES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS RECÍPROCAS

1 1
sen A = cosec A =
cos ec A sen A

1 1
cos A = sec A =
sec A cos A

1 sen A 1 cos A
tg A =  cotg A = 
ctg A cos A tg A sen A

IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS FUNDAMENTALES

1. sen2 A + cos2 A = 1
2. 1 + tg2 A = sec2 A
3. 1 + cotg2 A = cosec2 A
1
4. sen2 A = (1 – cos 2A)
2
1
5. cos2 A = (1 + cos 2A)
2
1
6. sen A cos A = sen 2A
2
1
7. sen A cos B = [sen (A – B) + sen (A + B)]
2
1
8. sen A sen B = [cos (A – B) - cos (A + B)]
2
1
9. cos A cos B = [cos (A – B) + cos (A + B)]
2
10. 1 – cos A = 2 sen2 (A / 2)
11. 1 + cos A = 2 cos2 (A / 2)

12. 1  sen A = 1  cos ( / 2 - A)

13. sen (A + B) = sen A cos B + cos A sen B
14. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sen A sen B
15. sen (A - B) = sen A cos B - Cos A sen B
16. cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sen A sen B
tg A  tg B
17. tg (A + B) =
1  tg A tg B

96
 tg A  tg B
18. tg (A - B) =
1  tg A tg B

cotg A cotg B  1
19. cotg (A + B) =
cotg A  cotg B

cotg A cotg B  1
20. cotg (A - B) =
cotg A  cotg B

21. sen 2A = 2 sen A cos A

22. cos 2A = cos2 A – sen2 A = 1 – 2 sen2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1
2 tg A
23. tg 2A =
1  tg 2 A

24. sen A = 2 sen (A / 2) cos (A / 2)

25. cos A = cos2 (A / 2) – sen2 (A / 2)
2 tg A 2
26. tg A =
1  tg 2 A 2

1  cos A
27. cos (A / 2) =
2

1  cos A
28. sen (A / 2) =
2

1  cos A sen A 1  cos A

29. tg (A / 2) =   = cosec A – cotg A
1  cos A 1  cos A sen A

30. sen A + sen B = 2 sen ½ (A + B) cos ½ (A – B)

31. sen A - sen B = 2 sen ½ (A - B) cos ½ (A + B)
32. cos A + cos B = 2 cos ½ (A + B) cos ½ (A – B)
33. cos A - cos B = 2 sen ½ (A + B) sen ½ (A – B)
3 1
34. sen3 A = sen A - sen 3A
4 4
3 1
35. cos3 A = cos A + cos 3A
4 4
36. cos 3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A
37. sen 3A = 3 sen A – 4 sen3 A
38. cos (- A) = cos A
39. sen (- A) = - sen A

97
 VALORES DE LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS PARA LOS ÁNGULOS  MÁS
USUALES

(EN GRADOS Y RADIANES)

 sen  cos  tg  cosec  sec  cotg 

0° / 0 0 1 0  1 
 1 3 1 2
30° / 2 3
6 2 2 3 3
 1 1
45° / 1 2 2 1
4 2 2
 3 1 2 1
60° / 3 2
3 2 2 3 3

90° / 1 0  1  0
2
2 3 1 2 1
120° / - - 3 -2 -
3 2 2 3 3
3 1 1
135° / - -1 2 - 2 -1
4 2 2
5 1 3 1 2
150° / - - 2 - - 3
6 2 2 3 3
180° /  0 -1 0  -1 
7 1 3 1 2
210° / - - -2 - 3
6 2 2 3 3
5 1 1
225° / - - 1 - 2 - 2 1
4 2 2
4 3 1 2 1
240° / - - 3 - -2
3 2 2 3 3
3
270° / -1 0  -1  0
2
5 3 1 2 1
300° / - - 3 - 2 -
3 2 2 3 3
7 1 1
315° / - -1 - 2 2 -1
4 2 2
11 1 3 1 2
330° / - - -2 - 3
6 2 2 3 3
360° / 2  0 1 0  1 

98