Experiment Title: Heat Transfer in Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Experiment no. 3

Group Member: Abhinav Anand, Meet Hariyani, Pushkar Parakh, Mansi

Kulkarni, Mohit Sisodia, Khushal Ramani

Objective: To compare the heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flow in double pipe
heat exchange.

SUB-EXPERIMENT 6.1 HEAT TRANSFER IN LAMINAR FLOW

AIM: To determine overall and individual heat transfer coefficients and study the effect of
fluid velocity on the heat transfer in laminar flow

Apparatus Required:
• Stainless-steel double pipe heat exchanger with the facility to measure inlet and
outlet temperature of hot fluid and cold fluids by digital temperature indicators
having an accuracy of 0.1 oC
• An insulated stainless-steel tank with heater, bottom discharge and fluid charging line
at the top provided with a temperature indicator cum controller to control the hot fluid
temperature
• Hot and cold fluid circulation pumps with a provision of changing the flow rate.
 A glass pipe section in the hot fluid circulation line to measure the flow rate of
hot fluid and rotameters to measure the flow rate of cold fluids.

SCHEMATIC OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

OBSERVATIONS: Heat Transfer in Laminar flow

Specification
Inside diameter of inner tube(d1) 0.7 cm
Outside diameter of inner tube(d2) 1.0 cm
Inside diameter of external tube(D) 1.8 cm
Length of heat exchanger(L) 100 cm
Volume of glass section between
3
bottom and upper tank 880 cm
Physical Properties
Heat capacity of test fluid (Cp) 0.625 kCal / kg oC
Density of test fluid (ρ) 0.835 g / cm3
Thermal conductivity of test fluid (K) 0.101 kCal / hr m oC
Viscosity of test fluid (µ) 4 cp
Specific heat of water (Cp_w) 1.0 kCal / kg oC
Density of water (ρw) 1.0 g/ cm3
Thermal conductivity of water (Kw) 0.53 kCal / hr m oC
Viscosity of water (µw) 0.836 cp

Observation table:
Volumetric flow rate of cold fluid (vc) (L/ hr)

Obs. Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Time required for

No. Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC) hot fluid level to
rise
Inlet (T1) Outlet (T2) Inlet (t1) Outlet (t2) between two marks
(t) (s)

1.
 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

CALCULATION: Heat transfer in Laminar flow

Steps:
π 2
1. Cross-sectional area of inner tube: 𝑆 = 4
(𝑑1) =

2 2
π
2. Cross-sectional area of inner tube: 𝑆 = 4
[(𝐷1) − (𝑑1) ]

3. Equivalent diameter of annulus de = (D – d2) =

4. Inside heat transfer area of heat exchanger: A1 =πd1L = 5.
��
Prandtl number of hot fluid at mean temperature: Pr = ����

��=

��
6. Prandtl number of water: Pr = ��_������
����=

��
7. Volumetric flow rate of hot fluid: v = ��=
��
8. Velocity of hot fluid through heat exchanger: u = ��=

̇
=
(�� ��
9. Mass flow rate of hot fluid through heat exchanger: �� =
×3600)

1000

10.Amount of heat transferred Q = W CP (T1- T2) =

11.Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD):

 (��
LMTD=△ ���� = 1− ��2)− (��2− ��1)
�� − ��
log( 1 2
�� − ��
2 1)

��
12.Overall heat transfer coefficient: U =
��△����=

�� �� ��
13.Reynolds number of test fluid: Re =
��

��
14.Volumetric flow rate of cooling water through annulus: vc’ = ��
×1000
3600

����
15.Velocity of water through annulus: uc = ��=
��
16.Reynolds number for water flowing through annulus: Rew = ��
���
�
���
�
���
�

17.Heat transfer coefficient of water in the annulus using Wiegand equation:

��
ho = ����0.023 (Re)0.8 (Pr)0.4 (����2)0.45=

18.Outside heat transfer coefficient based on inner area

ho i = ℎ����2
��1

1
19.Inside film heat transfer coefficient: ℎ�� =
1 1ℎ
( ��− ��)

20.Slop of plot of ������(����) vs ������(��̇ ), a =

21.Parameters obtained by regression: b= c=

 ℎ ��
22.Nusselt number Nu =
0.228
��= 0.39 (Re) (Pr)0.29

����
23.Theoretical value of inside film heat transfer coefficient: hiPred =
��

��=

Table of Calculated results

Ob Mass Amount LMTD Overall Reynol Inside film heat
s. flow of heat (△ heat ds no. transfer
no. rate transferr ����) transfer (Re) coefficient (hi)
(��̇ ed (Q) o
C coefficie kCal / hr m2 oC
) kCal/hr nt (U)
kg/hr kCal/hr Predicted Observed
m2 oC

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

SUB-EXPERIMENT 6.2 HEAT TRANSFER IN TURBULENT FLOW

AIM: To determine overall and individual heat transfer coefficients and verify the
Dittus Boelter equation for heat transfer in turbulent flow

APPARATUS:
 • Stainless-steel double pipe heat exchanger with the facility to measure inlet
and outlet temperature of hot fluid and cold fluids by digital temperature
indicators having an accuracy of 0.1 oC
• An insulated stainless-steel tank with heater, bottom discharge and fluid
charging line at the top provided with a temperature indicator cum controller to
control the hot fluid temperature
• Hot and cold fluid circulation pumps with a provision of changing the flow rate.
Rotameters to measure the flow rate of hot and cold fluids.

SCHEMATIC OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

THEORY:
PROCEDURE:
OBSERVATIONS: Heat Transfer in turbulent flow

Specification
Inside diameter of inner tube(d1) 0.7 cm
Outside diameter of inner tube(d2) 1.0 cm
Inside diameter of external tube(D) 1.8 cm
Length of heat exchanger(L) 100 cm
Physical Properties
 Heat capacity of test fluid (Cp) 1.0 kCal / kg oC
Density of test fluid (ρ) 1.0 g / cm3
Thermal conductivity of test fluid (K) 0.5 kCal / hr m oC
Viscosity of test fluid (µ) 0.47 cp

Observation table:
Flow rate of cold fluid (vc) (L/ hr)

Obs. Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Flow rate of ho0t fluid

No. Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC) (v) (L/ hr)

Inlet (T1) Outlet (T2) Inlet (t1) Outlet (t2)

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

CALCULATION:
Steps:
��
4(d1) =
2
1. Cross-sectional area of inner tube: S =

2. Inside heat transfer area of heat exchanger: A1 =πd1L =

��
3. Prandtl number of hot fluid at mean temperature: Pr = ����

��=
�� ×1000
4. Volumetric flow rate of hot fluid: V =

3600=
 5. Velocity of hot fluid through heat exchanger: u =
��
��= 6. Amount of heat transferred Q = W CP (T1-
T2) =
7. Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD):

(��
LMTD=△ ���� = 1− ��2)− (��2− ��1)

�� − ��
log( 1 2
�� − ��
2 1)

��
8. Overall heat transfer coefficient: U =
��△����=

9. Value of intercept of graph of (1/U) vs. (1/u0.8) =

Or

1
ho =

������������������=

1
10.Inside film heat transfer coefficient: ℎ�� =
1 1ℎ
( ��− ��)

�� �� ��
11.Reynolds number: Re =

��=

��
12.Prandlt number: Pr = ����
��

13.Nusselt number Nu = 0.023 (Re)0.8 (Pr)0.3 =

����
14.Theoretical value of inside film heat transfer coefficient: hi =
��

��=
Table of Calculated results
 Ob Amount LMT Overall Reynol Nuss Inside film heat
s. of heat D heat ds no. elt transfer
no. transferr (△ transfer (Re) no. coefficient (hi)
ed (Q) ���� coefficie (Nu) kCal / hr m2 oC
(kCal/hr) ) nt (U)
o
C kCal/hr Predicted Observed
m2 oC

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

RESULTS:

Graphs:
For turbulent
flow: For Laminar

flow: Results

CONCLUSION(S):