A

HI ST O R Y O F G U J A R AT
FR O M T H E E A RLI E ST PERI OD T O T HE

P R E SE N T TI M E

I
E D A LJ I \
DO S A B H A I,
R e t i re d D ep u t y C o llec t o r ,

A h m a ddb dd .

P RI N T E D A T

T he U n i t e d P ri n t i ng an d G e n e ral A g e nc y C o m pany s Press

'

b y Ran c h o dlél G u ng drzfi x n

A H M ADABAD .

1 89 4 .

A ll R i g h t s R eser v e d i n c l ud i ng t h e r i g h t of t r a n sla t i o n

R e giste re d u n de r A c t XX V f
o 1 867 .

P ri c e T h re e R u pe e s .

um a 8 0m
m Ow m G N p a! .

n u . .

O R l E N T AL l o o K DE PO T
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AN G LO
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G . BO I LE A U n e w ,
E SQ U I RE,

I N DI AN C I V I L S ERVI C E ,

COM M ISS I ON E R OF T HE NORT H E RN D I V I SION

O
O F T HE B M B A Y P R E S I D E NC Y ,

T H I S H I S TOR Y

O
OF A P R V I N E C

W IT H T HE A D M IN ISTR A T I ON OF W H I C H H E H A S BE E N

SO L ON G A N D H ON OU RA BLY A SS OC I AT E D

I S R ES P E C T FULLY D E D IC A TE D ,

AS A T O K EN

O E SI NC ERE G RA T I T U DE A N D E S T E E M ,

T HE A U H R T O .
 P RE FA C E .

T he want of a c onne c t ed Hi st ory of t h e provi nc e of Gujarat

h avi ng b ee n g reat ly fe l t so far b ac k as t h e ye ar 1 8 5 0, t h e
Gujarat Ve rnac u lar Soc ie t y, t h e n o nly re c en t ly st art e d u nde r
t h e fo st e ring c are of t h e lam e nt e d M r A K Fo rb es, adve rt i se d . . .

t h at a priz e wo u ld b e warde d for su c h h ist ory wri t t en i n

’

a a

t he v e rnac u ar. l T h e pre se nt wri t e r was at t h at t i m e one o f

“

t he se ni o r pu pi ls i n t h e Go ve rn m e nt E ngl ish Sc h oo l, and de

di
’
n m ainl y onBird s T rans lat i on f h i
o t e M rat i A h m adi an d
'

pen g - z

Grant Du fi H ist o ry of t h e M arat has, h e set him self t o

‘
c om pi le
‘
’
'
s

b ri e fc o m pen di u m oft h e Hist ory of Gujarat T h e b ook m ap

’ ‘

a .

pro v e d o f b y t h e Soc i e ty, and the priz e was du ly awarded . Mr .

Forb es, in h is report of the Soc i et y fo r 1 8 5 0, wro t e as follo ws -2

W hile on t h is su b ec t ,
j I m ay add t h at I h ave i n m y

possessio n a c o m pila t i o n b y Edalji Dosdb h ai, wri t t e n i n

v e ry o d Gujarat i, and g i v i ng a u se fu l su m m ary of t h e
g o

Hist ory of t h e prov in ce . T hi s m ay b e pu b l ish e d i m m e

diat e ly, and m ay b e a v ery g o o d sc h oo b ook

l-

Doc t or Seaward; i n t h e re or t of t h e
p followi ng year, st at ed
-

t
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T he se c ond pu b li c a t i on i s t h e Hi st ory of G u ara

j b y
sc h ool b o o k and a
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e sse n t i al ly a
"

Edalji DosAb h ai . I t is -

u se fu l o ne t o o, an d is w u sed i n all t he Versa

‘

v er no
y
t he c i ty T wo h u ndre d we re
'

c u ls r sc h o ols of c opi es
'
‘ ‘

pu b lish e d of wh ic h very fe w rem ai n

,

T he au t h or h av i ng soon aft er wards ob t ai ned servi c e u nder

G o ve rnm ent , h e c ou ld no t c om m and t he l eisu re nec essary , fo r

ra i sing and “pub lishi ng t he wo k r . Port i ons of i t , h owev er,

wars M ad int o s svsrsl of t he earlier educat ional t ex t b ooks.

 II

and M r BéJ1 b h ai Am i c h and, t h e propri e t or of one of t h e

.
,
v ern a

c u lar pre sse s at A h m adabadb pi ib lishéd a t h ird

‘
e di t i on on h is
o wn re s onsi b i l i t
p y .

O n h is re t i re m en t from G o ve rn m e n t se rvi c e , t he c o m pi le r

b e c am e de si ro u s o f re -i ss u i n
g t h e b o ok Si nc e i t s fi rst pu b l i c
.

a t i o n, h o we v e r, i n 1 8 5 0, a v ast a m o u n t o f addi t i o n al i nfo rmat i o n

h as b e c om e av ai lab le fro m t h e Rae M ala, a st o re h o u se o f G uj arat i

fo l k -
lore , an d fro m t h e re se arc h e s of Dr . Bii h le r an d o th e r

e m i n e nt sc h ol a rs . T he au t h o r also t h o u g h t i t de si rab le t o c on

Hi st o ry t o t h e pre se n t t i m e , plac i ng
“

the
t
i
n ne u n der c o n t ri b u

t io n for t h is pu rpo se se v e ral o f the v o l u m es of the Bo m b ay

Gaz e t t e e r and t he o mc i a l A dm i ni st ra t i o n R e port s . In the

h o pe t h at su c h a c on n e c te d H i st o r f o m t h e e arl i e st to t he
”
y r

l at e st t i m e s m ay pro v e u se fu l n o t o nly t o st u de n t s i n G uj arat

i t se l f b u t t o al l wh o t ak e an i n te re st i n t h e c ou n t ry, t h e au t h o r,
ac t i n g o n the advi c e o f se v e ral o f h i s fri e nds, u n de rt o o k to c om

pil e t h e wo rk i n E n gli sh H e was g re at ly e nc o u rag e d i n h i s

.

ende av ou rs b y t h e R e v Ge org e P T ayl o r, B D , o f t h e I ri sh

. . .
.

l
re sb yt e ri an M issio n, au t h o r o f t h e St u de n t G uja rat i G ram m ar
’
P s

W ith a Vi e wt o e n su re c o rre c t E n glish i di o m an d g e n e ral ac cu

rac y, t h i s gen t l e m an v e ry k i n dly u n de r t o o k to re v i se t h e m an u

sc ri pt , an d h e fu r t h e r su ppl i e d se v e ral b o ok s on l o an fro m h i s

v al u ab le l i b rary . I n de e d i t i s o wi ng l arg e ly t o h i s c ordi al as

si st an c e an d e n c o u r ag e me n t t h at t h e wo rk h as n ow b e e n b ro u g h t
to m l e t i o n a n d t h e a u t h o r t a k e s t h e p r es e n t o p p o rt u n i t y o f
c o p ,

e x p es
r si n g h i s g ra t e f u l a c k n o w l e d g m e n t s t o h i s k i n d an d e s

t e em e d f r i e n d H e. 1 8 al so u n de r d e e p o b l i g a t i o n t o M r E G i l e s . .
,

M A . Edu c at i on al I n spe c t o r, N D . .
,
fo r h i s k i n dne ss i n g o i n g

t h rou gh t h e wh o le o f t h e m anu sc ri pt an d for m an y u se fu l su g

H i s warm i n t e rest i n t h e work h as

“

e st ions and c orre c t i on s.

g
gre atl y encouraged t h e au t hor re p res ed s wi t h i ts p u b li c at io n .
 III

T h e i n form at ion c ont ai n ed i n t h i s Hi st ory h as b een gat h ered

m ai n ly from t h e u n derm en t i on e d sou rc es

M r A K Fo rb e s s Res M ela
’
1 . . . . .

2 M r Bi rd s T ran slat i on M irat i A h m adi

’
. . of t he - -
.

3 S i r E C Bayl e y s Lo c al M u h am m adan D ynast ie s

’
. . .

o f G u a ré t
j .

4 . Li e u t C o l
. . J . W W at so n
.
’
s H i st o ry o f G u aratj .

5 G ran t D u fi Hist o ry of t h e M a rat h as

’
. s .

6 . V o l u m e s 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6, 7 an d 8 of t h e Bo m b ay
G az e t t e e r .

7 . A dm i n i st rat i o n R e po rt s .

S e v e ral ot he r t ru st wort h y work s b y e m i n e n t sc h olars su c h

S i r W i llia m H u n t e r s I n di an E m pire Li e u t C o l To d s RAjas

’ ’
as , . .

t h an M r Du tt
’
A nc i e n t I n di a M r E li o t R u le rs o f Baro da,
’
. s , . s

an d E lph i n st o n e H i st o ry o f G uj arat h av e also b e e n o f m u c h

’
s u se .

I n t h e spe lli n g o f pro pe r n am e s t h e H u n t e ri an s st e m

y h as
b ee n fo l lowe d i n t h e m ai n .

Fo r t h e sak e o f re ady re fe re n c e , in addi t i o n t o t he u su al

i nde x a de t ai le d c h ro no l og i c al su m m ary h as b e en g i ve n i n t h e
T ab le of Cont en ts .

In c o n c l u si o n t he au t h o r b e gs t o st at e t h at i n t h e h o pe o f
m ak i ng t h e b ook as u se fu l as ssi b le , h e h as spare d n o pai ns t o
po

o b t ai n fu l l a n d ac c u ra t e i n fo rm at i o n ; an d h e wi l l fe e l hi m se lf
a m ply re warde d , sh o u ld h is wo rk m e e t wi t h t h e ap ro b at i o n
p
of t he re adi n g pu b lic an d e spec i al ly o f sc h olars i n t e re st e d i n t h e
a n n als o f G uj arat .
 CHRONOLOGICALTABLE OFCONTENTS .

P A RT I . H IN DU P E R I OD .

D s rs
'
. S u m mer .

C a s rr s a I .

S u b j u ga t i o n of O k h ai n a n da l b v K ri sh na
T h e Pi l i da vs i n G uj a i dt
R u le o f Ash u k a t he G re a t
T he V i k r: m i d ii t y a
fl
or Sa m v a t e ra

T h e sa l :
e 1 S :i li v é h : m a c l a

K u n is h k Co nq u e s t f G uja i de
'
i s o

F u ii m l nt i om «i f “ m h m gu r
T u e K lm s tm p r u e rsl
T he ( 3 m p t n ni u t ra s a nd t h e G l l l ot a s
T he Vu ln l i h l K i l l g s
Fu d m hu iu l l Va lai b h i pi t l
'

u i ‘

l lu T Va la b h i pu r
'
l le u i tt l l Vi s i t to
s
g s

De s l l t l c l lm’

l " f Vat lu h h i pl t l ‘

u f k i ng do m si t. Pa u c ll m
Cn l q nm i l hé m b Bh u wa r lt éjd
'
’
'
t u i m -
r y

l h r i ln a t Va n li t] U n V u h‘
'

F i i m hi l i u u i A u h i l u é r I d t n u
’
'

u u

Va n l i aj
'

s s l m l l ll

T he r u le " t h is s u c c e ssm s
'

A nv zcx r o r T HE Pa us rs .

l lw i r wi t h l m li a
' '

cm m o x in u

Tm '
il w'

i t h -
I rw i n u i l 'i u

T he i r w ul to S a ujzt u
 VI

S c em or . PAGE .

C HAP T E R I I .

A c c essi o n of M u l Réj So lan ki

R e pu lse o f an i n vasi o n b y t h e s s of T el
i ngdna
T e m ple of R u dra M el b u il t
S u b j u g at io n of S o rat h an d K ac h h

Su b ju g at i o n o f t h e Lot h c o u n t ry

M u l R aj i f Brah m an s an d ab di c at i o n .
’
s g t s t o

E b li al V alé .

V alab h se n
’
ab di c a t i o n a nd
’
C h ému n d s s ac

c e ssi o n

E x pe di t io n ag ai n st mama , an d de m i se of

V alab h se n
A c c e ssi o n o f D u rlab h - se n

C o nst ru c t io n of the D u rlab h

D u rlab h s ab di c at i o n
’
i n fa v o u r o fBhi m De v I .

C H AP T ER III .

M ah m u d o f G h az n av i s sac k o f
’
So m n at h an d

c o n q u e st o f A n h i l vvé r Pé t a n
His re t u rn t o G h az ni

San dal wo o d g at e s
-
of So m nat h
T h e Dab i sal i m s
M ah m u d s de at h
’

Bh i m De v I . R e g ai n s G i i jarAt
T e m ple b u i l t at D e l wara b y Bh i m D e v s
.
’

m i n i st e r
H i n du c o n fe de rac y ag a i n st M u sal m an ru l e

R e g ai n i n g of Lab o r an d other ci tie s by

H indu s
 VI I

SU BJECT .

Vi sal De v of G uj arat
’
Aj m e r s a t t ac k o n .

Fo u nda t i o n of V isa ln ag ar
Su b j u g at i o n of S i ndh
Bh oj s s, t h e c o n t e m po rary o f i
Bl i m De v .

T he wo rk s Bh i m De v
’
n o b le of 8 t im e .

His a b di c at i o n i n fa vo u r o f h is so n K aran .

C HA PTE R I V .

1 073 7 41 S u bj u g at i o n o f t h e M e wds
Fo u n dat io n of K arnav a t i
C o n st ru c t i o n of K ara n sag ar ; t h e c o u rse

of t he R u pe yn ri ve r al t e re d
K ara n de a t h
’
s

A c c e ssi o n of Si ddh R aj J aysi n g h

-

M a ldv t an k at Dh o l k é .

M ansa ro va r at V i ra m g am
C h a ng e of t he nam e S h ri s t h a l t o Si ddh pu r m
T we l v e ye a rs war wi t h M al wa,
’
and t ak ing
o f D ha r

W ar wi t h R 6 K he ng ar . an d ca
pt u re of

Fig h t b e t we e n t h e H in du s and M u h am
m adan s of Ca m b ay o n

S iddh Raj j u st ic e
’
s and c h arac t e r

C H AP T E R V .

S iddh Raj de at h
’
s . A c c ession o f K u m ar P al .

De fe at of t h e K i ng of N ag o r

De fe a t of t h e K i ng of M al wa
 v1 :

Sc srrc r . P ass .

E it h e t l l l lu l l a
g i ns t
a t he K O l li cm i
, an d p ro .

’
sz m m t t t lu n u i K l l m dl Pa n s au x i n -l u v l . 1 t ha t
“
C u ll u l l
y o s o 0 0 0 0 s o . s o .

T h e M o n k l l e m é c ll dl m '

,
t he c h ic f ru i v is e l '

o f
K u u i é r P6 !
Re s l o l a l iu n o f t he l l i nmi l te m ple o f Sa m

l l é l ll , l t l l l l e l t t l
'
' '

in l i "
.

I h e “ te m
ple s al l
. “l c

u fi i é, C a l n l m v ,
an d

C H A PT E R V I .

K m mi r Pdi s d e a t h Aj ay I i
’ ’
an d ’
z i s su c c es

i
s on

I l ls pl u sc c l l l i u l l u i t h e J a i l l s
‘

S u c c e s s i o n " I l ht l \ l u | l it j
'
.

Ii i pu ls e o f S h i h zi i s - uc i m
-
n (i h u l i i n t he li e

g e nt Bh i m l l c v n o

j de a t h
°

Bé i M i l l ll fi s am i s u c c e ss i o n o f Bh i m
De v I I .

Bh i m Ue
’
v s es
p l i
eit io n a
g i ns t
a Ah a an d his
ca
p t u re " I t h a t fu l t ’

H is s ub se q u e n t i le c a t b y P ri z h v i Raj

De fe a t o f S h i h dh d cl i n l ay P ri t ln i Il tij -
u -

U n pre ni e di t a t e d m a ss a c re o f Bh i m De v
’
s

t he C h u hé l i Da rl i é l
'
se v e n c o u s i n s at
‘ '
a .

Bh i m De v m a rc h De lh i , d de fe a t a nd
’
s on an

de a t h o f k i ng S o n i e s h wa r i n b a t t le .

So rrae s ln v a i
’
s so n P ri t h v i RAJ a ve n e s
g h is
fa t h
’
de f
’

ers e
at m .
t

S f
uc c e ss u l i n v as i o n O I m l in hy S h ih éh l t d di n
’
-

G hori De fea t. and e x ec u ti on of Pri t h vi Raj .

 G l ljm é t
’
I l 9 4i S i i i ll ri h m i i i m -
s cu m
pwst of

A l i -m l 1 1 9 6 l l h i m n -
i m i f G uja i At
g a
p t sl s u l l o
‘
u s ' i '

1 2 12 Bh i m l l c V s c le a t h f T ri
'
1
a mt t he ac c e ss o n i o

b h o n a n PM

C n a rr s u V I I .

V i n i ha t l Vri-g h v lé m le
'
‘
a s asc e nc v

PEP -i " a t C a m lm v

R u le “f K a i t li n l i st s »
a t
.
C a ln lm y
1 214 C Pa m " a m l C n l n l i zn in l l f Vié a l De v
.

m llch t l
q
'
c ai n .

1 2 454 2 1 “ F u rm a t im l u i l lw ae v w a l i n a l i c hs s q -
flg a l s '

t i Us r
'
e
s

De a t h o f D c
,
a | 1c i A i j l i n De v
'
s a c c e ss o n .i
A '
j i m l l. a m i v -
a er sa n ts " i f ai nt in
g Il e v .

K i t l i l l l G h e la
'
'

s { IC C C B S IU H s o . a s .

C n a rr s a VI I I .

A ld m l - d i n K h i J!
’
st o f
- s a co n
q u e
a m dt n o

“i s 2 1 11 ! e x p i i t i- l i
er o a
g i ns ta G l lja l é t '

. Alm i
o f Ku l a l l
'
h i la t id l l ‘

a aut ho ri t y , s s s

R e v ie w o f t h e Hi n d u pe rio d .

N o t ic e o f li t e ra ry c h a rac t e rs .
0 "

PA R T I I M U H A M M A D A N P E R I OD .

C H A PT E R I .

1 2 97 A la f K lut n t h e fi rs t G o ve rno r oq j arAt

I3 l5 “i s re c a ll a n d e x e c u t io n

i
'
l gl h o ec 3 l 6 A ld ‘
l i ‘i fl ii l l fl l
( e nt l u s e s o .

A id m i di n hl o fl t b l i nde d b y d
'
1 3 17 .
- s v $ 0 11 ur a nd

U N “ pm on t h e t h rone . o s s s so
 x .

S UBJ E CT .

K afu r slai n , an d A hi -
u d- di n s
’

y o u ng e r so n

K uth -
u d- di n M u b ari k plac e d on t h e t h ro n e .

A ssassi n a t i o n o fS u l t an K u t b -
u d-
di n , an d u su r
pa t i o u o f t h e t h ro n e b y K h u sh ro K h an

K h u sh ro K h an _
sl ai n b y Gaz i b e g T u gh lak
-

wh o i s c h ose n k i ng
S u c c e ssi on of M u h am m ad T u g h lak
Hi s v i si t t o G uj arat
H is ex pe di t i on ag a i n st M o k h e raj i G o b e l an d

P i ram M ok h e raji s
’
c a pt u re o f ac c o u n t o f

a n c e s t o rs

R ast i K h an s Vi c e roy of
’
a ppo i n t m e n t as

G uj arat
He i s re plac e d b y J afar K h an
C o n t e st b e t we e n t h e t wo v i c e ro ys, an d the

v ic t o r
y of Jafar K h an -

Fo u n da t i o n o f J i t pu r at t h e plac e o f v i c t o ry.

J Afar K han s e x pe dit i o n s ag ai n st

’
H i n du C hie fs .

I n v asi o n o f I nd a b y T am e
i rl a n e m

A ssu m pt i o n o f t h e t i t le o f k i n g b y J afar
T am K han t h e lat t e r s de at h
’ ’

K h an s so n .

R e su m pt io n G o v e rn m e n t b y J afar K h an
of .

H is assu m pt i o n o f i n de pe n den c e u n de r t h e

M u z afi Shah
'

n am e of ar -

C H A PT E R I I .

M u z afi Sh ah of M al wa
’ ’
ar s c on
q u e st an d

se iz u re o f S u l t an Ho sh ang
Hosh angfs pardon an d re st orat i on .
 XI

S UBJ ECT .

De spat c h of t r00ps u n de r pri n c e A h m ad

ag ai nst Asa Bh i l
.

T h e pri n c e M u z afl ar Sh dh t o dri n k
’

c o m pe ls

p o i so n .
0 0 0 0 0 0

C HA PT E R I I I .

A c c e ssi o n of S u lt an A h m ad
S u ppre ssio n o f re b e l l i o n s

Fo u n di ng of the c i ty o f A h m adab ad
’
S u l t é n A h m ad s m a rc h ag ai n st So ra t h , an d

t h e t a k i ng of t h e l o we r fo rt o f J u n ag h ad .

I m po si t i o n of t ri b u t e s on se v e ral c hi e fs o f

S o ra t h
De spa t c h o f an a rm y t o de st roy t h e H i ndu
t e m ple s at S iddh pu r .

I n v asi o n of G uj arat b y t h e k i ng of M dlwa;

h is re u ls e .
p
D e s t ru c t i o n of N ando d .

I n v asi o n of M dl wa b y S u l t an A h m ad
m a rc h o n C h am pé n e t
’
S u l t an A h m ad s "

c hi e f fo rc e d t o pay t ri b u t e
C a pt u re of Sdn K h e ré Ba h ti da rpu r
-
. .

I m posi t io n of t ri b u t e on G o h il war .

E sc a pe o f t he c h ie f Sé ra ngji, wh o assu m e s

t he t i t l e of Rawa l
A h m ad sh ah s fu rt h e r M al wé
’
-
ex
pe di t i on o n .

Fo u n di ng of A h m adnag a r .

D e a t h o f t h e I dar c h ie f P u njé .

M a h rm t ak e n b y t h e K i ng o f A h m adnag ar
'

De c c an an d re t a k e n b y S u l t an A h m ad .

I m posi t io n o f t ri b u t e o n Bundi and K ot é

 XI!

SUBJECT .

M é l wé
’
S u ltan A h t n ad s la s t e x ue di t i o u on

H is re t u r n a nd de a t h
H i s c h a rac t e r an d a dm i n i s t ra t io n .

Hi s m au so le u m .

C HA PT ER I V .

Ac c e ssio n of M u h a m m ad
H is ex
p e di t i o n a g a i n s t Ida r .

P lu n de r “f W 6 2 1“ .
0 0 0 o n . 0 0 0

D e a t h o f G a nj Ba k h sh ; h is m a u so l e u m at

S a rk h ej .

T h e S u l t an s u n s u c c e ss fu l a t t a c k C h am
’
on

p a t t e r

M u h a m m ad S h ah de a t h d i f
'
s an a c c e ss o n o

h is so n Kuth -
u d- d i n .

I n v a s io n b y t he M é l wa k i n g ; h i s de fe a t ne a r

K a pa dv a nj .

C o n s t ru c t i o n o f t h e R s. La ria t a n k .

I n v : i - io t | s f t h i t u r, d io n f t ri b
'
x t ute
'

o an e ac o

fro m t he “
a d n .

l l ea t h o f Ru t h -
ud u t u -
.

A c ve s s i v
u a n d c ie po s a l o f S u l t an l l ti u d
Fu r l o f Ai m l u l e l l fro m
t t he h i ii i ( s . u h it
d m a de it s w K ha did lh
'

an m er to n o r . un i .

Ca PT E lt V .

E u t h ro i e
‘
m e nt o f F a n -
h K h an u n de r

t it le o f S u l t zi u ‘l a h t u u d .

Il l s su c c es s fu l m a rc h o n t ho Dec c a n
Ex pedi t io ns aga ins t Ch ai r . .
 C apt ure an d sac k of Ah madnagar b y t he
‘

sam e Ri na .

E x pe dit i on ag ai nst C h i t or and c on c l u sion o f

peac e .

S u lt sn M u z afi a r s de at h
‘ ’
.

C HAPTER V I I .

A c c e ssi on o fSul t an Sik an dar; h is assassinat i o n .

C H AP T E R VI I I .

Su lt dn Bah adur s
’
an t e c e de n t s.

S u lt ti n Bah i du r s ac c e ssi on .
’

C o nst ru ct io n of a fo rt at Bre ac h .

C apt u re o f Ah m adnag ar

C on q u est of M elwa; t h e m u rde r o f M ah m u d

K hi lj i an d h is se ve n s o ns .

M endal an d Viram gfi m t ak e n fr om t h e Rej a

'

of J hé ll wé r .

C apt u re of t h e fo rt of R ai sin .

Fligh t of t he P ort u gu e se fro m t he v ic in i t y

o f Di u .

A t t ac k on C h i t or .

T h e S u lt an s difi wi t h t h e E m pe ror
'
’
e re n c e s

Hu m ayu n
Bah adu r S h as of C hi t o r
’
c apt u re

S u l t é n Bah adu r s fl i gh t b e fo re
’

1 5 3 36
5 - Hu m ayu n s re t u rn t o D e lh i , an d t h e
’
re c o v e ry

of G ujaré t an d M dl wa b y Ball adu r S h éh .

C onstruc t i o n of a fort at Di u b y t h e Port u

g u ese
 X?
p

S UBJECT .

S ts B ah édu r s t reac herous m urder b y t h e

’
ui a
-

Po rt ug u e se .

C HAP TE R I X .

S uc c essi o n and de at h o f M ah m u d Feru ki .

A c c e ssi o n o f S u lt an M ah m u d II I .

Sac k of
C am b ay b y t h e Po rt u g u e se
S um m ary resu mpt i o n o f W an t s lan ds, . an d

pe rse c u t i on of H i nd us

T he Su lt 6n s m u rde r
’

C H AP T E R X .

A c c essi on o f A hm ad II .

Repu lse of an at t ac k of t he K h andesh K ing .

Fu rt h er i n v asi on b y t h e same k in
g, and t h e

perm an e n t al i e n at i o n from G ujarat of

S u l tanpu r an d N an du rb ar
C e ssi o n of Dam an an d Sanj an t o t h e P ort u
u g ge
g
A ssassinat i on of Su l t an A h mad II .

C HAP T E R XI .

A c c e ssi on of M u z afi
'

ar I II .

I n vasi o n of Gujardt b y A k b ar t h e Great

Seiz u re o f S u l t an M u z a fi f
ar

S u rre nder of A h m adab ad t o t h e E m pe ror

A k b ar 0 o o o 0 0

PA R T I I I .

C HAPT ER I .

S urre nder of Su rat

 1 7!

] ) AT E . S UBJ ECT .

A ppo i nt m e nt of M in d . A z iz K ok é . as t he

Fre sh di st u rb an c es b y t h e M i rz as
T h e e m pe ro r s re t u rn t o G uj arat and h is
’

c o m ple t e v i c t o ry

A ppo i n t m e nt of Réja T o dar Ml t iia o : su i t

a b le assessm e n t s

E nli st m e n t of the m a o f Dh aram pu r as a

V3 8 8 a1 0f t h e e m pi re 00 00 0 0 0000 00

C H A PT E R I I .

A ppoi nt m e n t of M in d K h é n as Vi c e roy
T aki ng o f I dar an d Si roh i
A li m adab Ad b e si e ge d b y M uz afl ar H u ssai n
'

1 5 77 78
-

M i rz a; hi s fl ig h t an d deat h ; c lo se o f t h e
M i rz a re b e l li o n
A ppo i n t m e n t o f Shi hab -
u d-di n A h m ad K h é n
as Vi c e roy e s .
e s . 0 0 0

1 58 1 8 2
- Hi s u nsuc c e ssfu l e x pe di t i o n ag ai n st A m ir
K h an G h ori , rule r o f Sorat h
Hi s re c al l ; appo in t m e nt o f I t i m ad K hti n -
as

V i c eroy
‘

S u l t An M u z éfi
’
ar s e sc ape

He re g ai ns po sse ssi o n o f A h m adab ad, Baroda

a nd Bre ac h
1 58 4 A rri val o f M irz a K h it a as Vic eroy h is v ic

M u z afi Sark h ej
'

t ory o ve r a r at

Fo u n di ng o f Fat e h wadi -

M u z afi ar Sh ah j o i n s t h e JAm
'

o f N avana ar
g .

Bat tle of Bh u c har M ori

 XVI I

S UBJEc T . PAGE .

M u z afl ar Sh dh de part u re fo r K ac h h , h i s h e
' ’
s

t rayal, a nd su i c i de

R e vi e w o f t h e G ujara
t Su l t anat

C HAPT E R I I I .

D ist u rb anc e s
‘

1 5 9 4- 9 5 c au se d b y t h e lat e M uz afi ar

S hé h Ba h adu r K h An
’
s so n

A k b a r s de at h
’
a nd c h arac t e r

P lu n de r o f S u ra t an d Ba ro da b y M ale k A m b er .

S t at ioni ng of a fro n t i e r fo rc e at Ram n ag ar .

A dve nt of t h e E ng lish at S u rat

D e fe at o f t h e Po rt u g u e se b y t h e E n g lish
T re at y b e t wee n t h e E m pe ro r J ah angi r and

t he E ast I n dia C o m pany

S u rat m ade t h e Presi de nc y se a t o f W est e rn I ndia .

C HAPT ER I V .

S i r T h o m as R oe s arri val am b assador

’
as

fro m E ng l and .
s o . e s 0 s o .

E m pe ror J ahdngi r s v i si t t o A h m adab ad,

’
and

t he ru le o f h is favou ri t e q u e e n N u r J ah é n
as Lady G o ve rn o r
-

E st ab li sh m e n t o f fac t o ri e s b y t he Du tc h
T he fi rst at t e m pt o f t he Fre nc h t o e st ab li sh

a fac t o ry "

Shéh J ah én as Vi c eroy .

Bu i ldi ng Sh ti hi Bi g
of t he

Bu i ldi ng o f Ajam K h dn s palac e

’
.

Bu ildi ng of a palac e and c ast le at Run pu rm

I nt rodu c t ion of t he Bhég vat ai syst e m of

assessm ent . 0 o o o o s
 S UB-
n or .

Dest ru c t io n of t h e t e mple of Ch in t fi mt ni at

S a ras pu r .

I dar t ak e n b y t h e i m pe ri al t roops .

Its re c o ve ry b y RRv P u nj a
G ra n t of Bo m b ay i n do wry t o C h arle s I I
Bo m b ay g i ve n t o t h e E ast I n dia C o m pany .

Bo m b ay m ade t h e se a t o f t h e P re s ide n c y "

C o i n ing of t h e Co m pany s Bo m b ay
’
ru pe e at

N avanag ar t ak e n b y t h e Vi c e roy of Gujaré t

and i ts n am e c h an g e d t o I slam ab ad .

C H A PT ER V
Bi rt h o f Shi v éji
Shi v sji s sac k o f Su rat
’

Furt h er rai ds on Su rat

Le v y of forc ed c o n t ri b u t i o n fro m Breac h

C apt u re of Pam e ra b y t h e M arat h as
Plun der o f A h m adn ag ar and o t h er t o wns b y
t h e Rej a of Udai pu r .

D eat h of Sh i v éji
Ex ec u t io n of hi s so n S h am b h dgl
k i n d t reat m en t of Sh am b h aJt
’
A u ran g z eb s s

so n SAh u .

Hi s re l ease b y Bah édu rsh éh .

SAh u ob t ai ns t h e ri g h t t o l ev y C h au t h and

Sardesh m u k hi i n t h e Decc an
Ssh u assist s M u h am m ad Shéh in free i ng hi m u

fro m t h e c ont ro l o f t h e Sayyi ds, and ob t ai ns

 2m

C HAPT ER V I .

Ri se of d dji GAe k W Ad
d Aji
’
s de at h , an d the su c c e ssi o n of h is
ne
ph e w P il aj i .

B u i ldin g o f t h e fo rt of S o ng h ad
S i r Bu l an d K h dn
’
s appo i n t m e n t as V ic e ro o f
y
G uj arat wi t h Sujt i t K h an as his
T h e De pu t y S ujét K h a n i s at t ac k e d an d sl ai n .

Hi s b ro t h er R u st am al i K h an m arc h e s ag ai n st
the D e pu t y V ic ero y
-
assi st e d b y Pi laj i
Ru st am Al i s
’
Bat t l e of Adds an d v ic t or
y
Treac h ery of Pi laj i an d t he su i c i de of

Ru st am A li .

Baro da t ak e n posse ssi on of b y Pi l égl .

C HA PT ER VII .

S ir Bu lan d K h an o b t ai n s
posse ssi o n of

A h m adab ad
Bat t le of Sh zi h ib ag .

Plu n de r o f Wadn ag ar .

Plun de r o f U m re t h .

S ir Bu lan d K h an g i v e s t he M arAt hés t h e

ri h t t o l e v y C h au t h
g . .

T h e Pes h wél s i n t e r fe ren c e ; h is t re at y wi t h

S i r Bu lan d K h Rn .

Bat t l e of Dh ilapu r b e t wee n t h e Pesh waan d

t h e G oe k wsd .

C onc lusi o n o f Treat y t h e t it le of Se na Kh és

K h e l grant ed t o P iléji M - -
d .
 I t .

Se n sor.

I m pe rial fi rm an g ran t in g t h e t i t le o f N ag ar
sh e t t o K h u sb él c h an d, h ea d o f t h e m e rc an

t il e c o m m u n it y o f A h m adab ad
A b h esi ng h
’
s a
ppo i n t m e n t as V i c ero y .

Pi laji
’
s m u rde r .

C H A PT E R VI I I .

I dar t ak e n b y t h e Jodh pu r fam i ly

I n de pe n de n c e assu m e d b y t h e Go v e rn o r of

Bre ac h .

Fo u n din g of Bh av nag ar .

A ppo i n t m en t of M o m i n K h én as Vi c e roy .

H al f sh are of t he G uj arat g i v e n
re v en u e s o f

j o i n t ly t o the Pe sh wa an d t h e Gri e k wtid .

Hal f o f t h e c it y of A h m adab ad m ade o v er

t o t h e M arat h as .

C H A PT ER I X .

I n v asi o n of I n di a b y N Adi r S h ri h .

A t t ac k on Ren pu r b y t h e T h ak o r of W ad h
wan éji s assi st an c e o b t ai n e d by t he
’
. d
Ran pu r C h i e f ; Rai n pu r g i v e n t o t h e G as k
wad as t h e pri c e of h is assi s t an c e .

D eat h of Bej i Roe Pesh wa .

Bu rn i n g of S o n g h ad .

D i sast ro u s fl o od i n t h e S ab arm at i .

C apt u re o f Vi ram g a m b y B h a v si n
g j
h i D c sa i .

P dt ri an d i i l l s g i v e n t o h i m i n
n n e v ag e

e x c h an g e fo r V i r am g am .

de at h an d appo i n t m e n t of
’

M o m i n K h dn s

Fi déud di n '
m u: 0 o s s s o
 XXI I

S UBJ ECT .

C HAPT E R I I .

Re lease an d su c c essi o n o f G o v i n d Rae

R e v ersal of G o v i n d Rae n o m i n at i o n
’
s in
fa v o u r of Say rtji R60 wi t h Fat e h S i ng h as

h is
Bro oc h t ak e n b y t h e E n g l i sh
Bat t le o f Adds b e t we en G o v i n d R60 an d

Fat e h S i n g h G ae k W Ad
C o n c lu si o n of T reat y b e t we e n t h e Bo m b ay
G o v e rn m en t , Rag h u nat h Rdo Pesh wa an d
G o v i n d Ree G ee k wér l .

Bat t l e of Adas .

C HAPT E R I I I .

Tre at y wi t h Fat e h Si ng h Gdek wéd .

T reat y of Pu ran dh ar .

Ho st i li t i es wi t h t h e P e sh wa . an d de feat of

t h e E n g l i sh at W argam .

Tak i ng D ab h o i b y G e n e ral G o ddard

of .

T reat y b e t we e n Fat eh Si n g G ae k wad an d

G e n e ral G o ddard
Gdd
.

Ta
k ing ofA h m addb dd b y G e n e ral o ard o n

b e h al f o f t h e G tie k W Ad .

Bi rt h of Sat n an d Swam i .

C HA PT ER I V .

De feat of Sindh i a an d Ho l k ar b y Ge n eral

Go ddard .

Fort s o f Pri m ers, Bagwaré . and I n drd g h ad -

t ak en b y t h e Eng lish .
 XXII I

S UBJ E CT .

C apt u re o f Basse i n b y t h e E n g li sh .

C o n fe de rac y ag ain st t h e E n g l ish

C o lo n el Go ddard s dem o n st rat io n ag ai n st
’

Fu n d, an d h i s de feat .

T reat y of SAlb a i .

Breac h assi g ned t o S in dh i a .

G re at St o rm at Su rat .

D eat h of Fat e h S i ng h Git e k wad .

Affai rs at C am b ay .

C HAPT ER V .

A c c e ssi o n of M an ayi GAe k wéd ,

an d su c c essi o n o f Go v in d Rae
’
M AE Rji s deat h .

Bat t les of K adi .

Sh e l u k ar t h e Pesh was S u b s at A h m adAb od

’
. ,
,

ex pe l le d b y t h e Gae k wad .

T he Pesh was sh are o f t h e Rev enu e o f G uj arat

’

l ease d t o t h e GABk W Ad fo r fi ve
y ears .

D eat h o f t h e l ast N awdb of Su rat .

T h e N awab h e i r pe n si o n ed, an d assu m pt i o n

’
s

o f G o v e rn m ent o f S u rat b t h
y e

C H APT E R V I .

D e at h o f Go v in d R6 0 G de k wéd and t he se

c essi o n o f h is so n A n an d R 40
D ispu t e s b e t wee n h i s m i n ist er Ravj i Apaj i
h al f b rot h e r K an h oj i
’
an d An an d R eo s

T h e m in ist e r c o n c l u des a t reat y wi t h t h e

Engl i sh an d o b t ai n s t h e i r assi st anc e
S t o rm ing of K adi
 XXIV

D ATE . S UBJ ECT .

Fi rst appo i n t m en t o f R esi de n t at Baro da .

I m pr iso n m e n t of A n and Rue G Ae k wéd b y

an d t h e l at t e r s e x pul si on fro m
’
t h e A rab s
Baro da b y Bri t i sh t ro o ps .

C e ssi o n o f t erri t o ry t o t h e E ng li s h K ai ra
m ade t h e Head Qu art ers o f t h e arm y

C HH P T ER VI I .

Defeat of Bey RAO b y Y e sh wan t R61 0 Ho l

k ar an d h i s fl i g h t t o Bo m b ay

T re at y of Basse i n
Pu na ret ak e n fr o m Ho lk ar by t h e Bri t ish
an d m ade o v er t o t he Pe sh wa
Bre ac h t ak en b y st o rm fro m S i n dh ia
Pe rm an e n t se t t l e m e n t o f t h e K it t h i 6w6r t ri b u t e .

S t e ps t ak en fo r ab o li sh i ng fe m al e i n fan t i c i de
i n K et hi AW ti r an d K ac h h
Su b se q u en t e n de av o u rs i n t h i s b e h al f b y
Po l it i c al Ag en t s an d C o ll e c t o rs

C A A PTE R VI I I .

R e n e wal G dek wdd s Lease

’
of the of t he
Pe sh wa s sh are o f t h e R e v e n u es o f G uj ara
’
t .

D e pu t at i o n o f G an g adh ar Sh ast ri t o Fu n d t o
se t t l e a c c o u n t s

T h e Sh ast ri t reac h e ro u s m u rde r

’
s

C H APT E R I X .

Fre sh t reat y wi t h t h e Pe sh waan d t h e fu rt h er

wal o f t h e Guek wéd l ease
’
ren e s
 XXV

DATE . SUBJ EC T .

S u ppl e m en t al t reat y wi t h t h e Gdek wdd an d

e x c h an e o f t erri t o ry
g
Posse ssi on o f Ah m adab ttd t ak e n b y t h e Bri t i sh .

Bat t le of K i rk i and de fea t of t he Pesh wa

T h e Pesh was
’
su rre n de r an d pensi o n a n d the
ac qu i si t i o n o f hi s t e rri t o ry b y t h e Bri t ish .

C HAPT E R X .

E ven ts i n Guj a r dt an d K ac hh .

I nsu rrec t io n at M an dv i an d Bodh ti n .

Bri t ish c o n ne c t i o n wi t h Palan pu r .

Tr eat y wi t h t h e N awdb of Radh an pu r .

E x pedi t io n agai n st K ac h h . Tak in g of

Fo rt o f A njér .

T re at y wi t h JAm Jasdp of N av anag ar .

K h u m An o u t l awry i n Bh avnag ar .

S u pre m e po we r in K at h i awar v est e d in

Bri t i sh .

C HAP T ER XI .

Barod a q fi ai rs .

Deat h of Fat e h S i n g G ae k wéd .

Deat h of A nand Rifle an d acc e ssi o n of

Say aji R60 I I .

He ad Quart ers o f t h e N o rt h ern Di v isi o n of

t he arm y fi x ed at A h m adAb ad .

E n l ist m e n t of t h e Guj arat Irreg u lar

Fresh a
g ree m en t wi t h t h e Gée k wéd .

A b e t m ent of Sat i m ade a

pe n al o ffen c e in
.

t h e oa k wat t erri t o ry .
 XXVI

D AT E . S UBJECT .

m Ra
’
Sa . e s deat h

Hi s c h arac t e r .

C HAPT E R XI I .

A c c essio n of Gan pat Rite G ee k wad

C o l o n el O u t ram K h at pat Re po rt
’
s .

T e m po rary t ran sfe r o f t h e c o n t ro l o v e r Baroda

t o the su pre m e G o v e rn m e n t .

D eat h o f G unpat Rae an d the acc essi o n o f

K h ande R60 Gitek wad .

T h e M u t i ny y ear .

Re m i ssi o n t o t h e G ei e k wéd o f t h e ann u al

p y
a

m en t o n ac c ou n t o f t h e Guj arat I rreg u lar

Ho rse .

M i li t ary affai rs o f O k hé m an dal pl ac e d i n t h e

h an ds of t h e Bri t i sh .

R ig h t o f ado pt i o n g i v en t o K h an de Ree .

K h an de Reo
’
s de at h .

C HA PT E R XI I I .

A c c essi o n of M al h ér R60
A ppo i nt m en t o f a C o m m i ssi o n t o e n q u i re

i n t o h i s m i sru l e
A ppo i n t m en t of M r DRdéb h ai
. Nau ro z yl as

D i wan
A ppo i n t m en t of a C o m m i ssio n t o e n q u i re

int o a c h arg e a
g a i n st M alh ar Ree of an

at t em pt t o po ison t h e Re si deiit
M alh ar Bee
’
s arre st an d
 XXVII

S UBJ ECT . PAGE .

C HAPT E R XI V .

M alh ti r REC de po se d an d de po rt e d t o M adras .

A do pt i o n o f G o pa1 R ee b y K h an de RAC s
’

wi do w , an d h is ac c e ss i o n t o t h e M asn ad

u n de r the n am e o f Saydji REC III .

A dn i n i st rat i o n e n t ru st e d t o Si r T M ai dh av
.

Say ayl RRo i n v est i t u re wi t h t h e po we rs

’
s of

G o v e rn m e n t .

C o nst ru c t i o n of t he Ai wat e r wo rk s-

Th ei r c o m pl e t i o n an d fo rm al o pe n in g .

C HA P T E R XV .

Dec larat i on of war wi t h K ac hh ; depo si t i o n

of R60 Bh arm al, an d fo rm at io n o f a c ou n

c il o f reg en c y .

R est o rat i o n of Anjti r t o K ac h h .

I n st allat io n o f M Desalji h is l o y al c ondu c t

0 .

M an ag e m en t o f t h e M a h i K h an t h a t ak en
b y t h e Bri t ish Go v ern m en t .

Fi rst appo i n t m e n t o f Po li t i c al Ag e n t i n t h e
M ah i K Rn t h a .

D iso rde rs i n t h e M ah i K un t h a O u t lawri e s .

b y S u rtijm al an d o t h e rs .

D e at h o f Gam b h i rs i n gj i , c h ie f of I dar an d

t h e i m m o l at i o n of h is
S t orm i n g of A h m adnag ar fo r de fi anc e of

o rde rs in reg ard t o Sat i .

T ro u b les i n t h e M ah i x uu t h t c au se d by te

frac t o ry c h i efs, t h eir fi nal su rrender.

 XXVIII

S UBsECT .

Rest orat i o n of t h e Sdm légt fai r ; raising of

t h e Gujardt Bh i l Co rpse

D ispu t es ab ou t su c c essi o n t o t h e Raj pi pla

s t at e . V e h ri sé lji s i n st al lat i o n ,
’
an d Mr . J .

P . W ill o u g h b y ’
s appo i nt m e n t as Adm i
n i st rat o r .

C reat i o n of t he se parat e appo i n t m e n t of

Po l i t i c al A g en t i n t h e R e wa K un t h ti .

C HAPT E R XV I .

G re at fi re i n Su rat .

Sal t T ax R io t at

Int ro duc t i o n o f Salt t ax .

Bu i ldi n g of Sh et h Hat h i sh ang s t em ple

’
at

A h m adab ad .

E st ab l i sh m e n t o fFe m al e sc h o ol at A h m adab ad
b y Sh et h M ag an b h ai K aram c h an d .

E st a b l ish m e n t o f t h e Gujarat V e rn ac u lar

So c ie t y at A h m adab dd .

C o m m e nc e m e n t of su rv e y fo r t h e B . B .

8: C I R ail way
. . .

C HA P T ER XV I I .

T h e M u t i ny y e ar .

M u sal m an R i o t at Broac h .

T ro u b l e s at D oh ad
Ii
.

T ri t y a T o pi s ra i d o n t h e R ewa I Sn t h a
’
.

Tat y a T o pi de fe a t an d fl igh t
'
-
s .

T et y as se i z u re an d e x ec u t i o n .
’

Day of g e n e ral re o i c i n j
g an d t hanks g i v i ng.
 x x x

D AT E . S u m EoT .

2 9 t h Dec r Li eu t e n an t H L Go rdo n k ille d i n a t t ac k i n

. . .
g
1 8 92 an d ann i h il at i ng a b an d of dac oi t s .

C HAP T E R XX .

C iv i l a dm i n i st r a t i on .

Passi n g o f A c t I fo r t h e adm i n ist rat i o n of

t h e Su rat di st ri c t .

A ppo i n t m e n t of a C o llec t o r at Su rat .

Passin g of re g u l a t i o n XI II defi nin g t h e

po wers o f t h at o fli c e r .

Su rv ey of t h e Bre ac h di st ri c t .

A ppo i n t m e n t o f v i ll ag e ac c o u n t an t s .

R eg u lat i o ns passe d r el at i ng t o t h e adm in is

t re t i e n o f R e v enu e, c o nst i t u t i o n o f v i llag e
an d Di st ri c t Po l i c e, 830 .

Pro h i b i t i o n o f Sat i t h ro u g h ou t Bri t i sh I ndi a .

R e pai r o f t h e t o wn wal l o f Ah m ad‘b Ad ou t

-

of fu n ds spe c i ally r aised fo r t h e pu rpose .

I n t ro du c t i o n o f M u ni c i pal i m pro v e m e n t s .

Prog ress o f e du c at i on P u b l ic W o rk s Rail

, ,

way s 81 0
, .

Loc al Se l f-Go v ern m en t sy st e m

E nlarg em en t of t h e Le g i slat i v e C o u n c ils .

C onc lusi on .
 A PPE N D I C E S .

A ppe n di x Li st of t h e K sh at rapa

Li st of t h e Se n a k i ng s .

Li st of t h e C h av ada k i n g s .

Li st of t h e So l an k i k i ng s .

Li st of
t h e v ag h e l ak i n g s .

List o f t h e Su l t ans o f Guj arat .

S t at e m en t of the r e v e nu e s of Guj arat

u n de r t h e A h m adab ad S u l t ans .

S t at e m e n t of the re v e n u e s of G uj arat
u nde r t h e M u g h al ru l e

Prese n t A rea Po pu lat i o n

, an d Re v enu e
of Br i t ish T erri t ory i n G uj arat .

Presen t Area Po pu lat i o n

, an d rev e n u e

of N at i v e St at es i n Gujarat .
 H I ST O R Y O F G U J A R AT ,
PART I .

EARLY HISTORY,
H I N D U P E R I OD .

C HA PTE R I s

K RI s H N s , k ing o f Dwark a T h e P a n dav s at Vai l at n agar A so k a t h e

'
- -
.
,

G re at K an i shk a e x t e n ds h i s c o n q u e st s as far as G ujarat H is v assals

. .

b e c o m e i n de pe n de n t u n de r t h e t i t le of t h e K sh at rapas . T he rule o f

t h e Gu pt a, t h e Valab h i , an d t h e C h av ada dyn ast i es .

F ROM 1 4 00 B . o . to 942 A. D .

VE RY l i t t l e i s k n o wn of the e arly pe r i o d of t h e h ist ory

of G uj arat u n de r its an c i e n t H i n du R u le rs . The au t h o r of

the M i rat i A h m adi ,

- -
c om pil e d i n o r ab o u t A H 1 1 75
. .
(A D . .

1 7 6 1 ) b y t h e t h e n Badsh ah i D i wan A l i M u h am m ad K h an , - -

i n h is o pe n in g c h apt e r, s t at e s t h at t h e c ou n t ry o f G uj arat was

o nc e g o v ern e d b y R aj pu t s an d K o lis , an d t h at the Raj a of

K anauj , as t h e param o u n t po we r i n H i n du st an , u se d to re c e i v e

t ri b u t e fro m se v e ral c h i e fs , t h e m se l v e s i n de pe n de n t e ac h of

t he o t h e rs . E v i de n t ly A l i M u h am m ad K h an h ad
- -
n o t o b t ai n e d

i nfo rm at i on fo r t h e pe r i o d an t e ri o r t o Van raj s t i m e, an d

’

h is h i st o ry , t h e re fo re , c o m m e n c es o n ly wi t h t h e re ig n o f t h at
k i ng . R e g ardi ng t h e o ri g i n o f V an raj h e , s t at e s t h at sav at
si n h
g , o ne o f the K an auj Raj a was pu t t o de at h
sl a v es o f t h e ,

o n a c r i m i na l c h ar e a n d h i s h o u se b e i n i t l d
g , g g v e n u p o p u n e r,

Sav at si n g h s wi fe fle d t o war ds G uj arat , wh e re sh e sh o r t ly aft e r

’

wards g a v e bi rt h t o a so n . T h i s i nfan t i t was wh o su b se q u en t l

y
b ec am e t h e fo u nder o f t h e c ity of A n h i l var Pat an .
 ’

[ PART 1 . e HAP. 2

Lat e r re se arc h e s, h o we v e r, an d n ot ab l y t h ose b y Mr . A .

K i n lo c h Fo rb e s , au t h o r o f t h e Rasm ala, an d C o lo n e l Jam es

T o d, t h e h i s t o ri an of Raj as t h an , h av e sh o wn t h at t h e k i n g
do m of G uj arat ex i st e d l o n g b e fo re t h e t i m e of t he C h av ada
dy n ast y , an d also t h at V an raj, so far fro m b e i n g o f l o w o ri g i n ,
was i n re al i t y , o f ro y al par e n t a g e
, T h e e arli e st m e n t i o n o f .

a pr i n c i pa l i t y i n G uj arat , t h at h as y e t b e en t rac e d i s i n t h e
M ah ab h ara t a , fro m wh i c h i t appe ars t h at K ri sh n a, n e w
wo rsh i ppe d as a n i n c arn a t i o n of V is h n u , wh o was an all
y of

t h e Pan da v s, es t a b lish e d a pr i n c i pal i t

y i n G uj arat ab o u t 1 3 00
or 1 4 00 B C . . Th is pr i n c i pa li t y a ppe ars t o h a v e b ee n Ok ha
m an da l, wh i c h K r ish n a j
s u b u g a t e d aft e r a h ard st r u g g l e wi t h
t h e K alas (t h e an c e st o rs of t h e pre se n t v ag h e rs), an d es t a b l i sh e d

h is c api t al a t D wark a . I t fu r t h e r a ppe ars t h at t h e Pan dv s,

i n t h e i r wan de ri n g s (1 4 00 B . fo u n d V ai rat -
n ag a r g o v e rn e d
by Q u een S adi sh v a of t h e Bh i l rac e , wh o se b ro t h e r K i c h ak
was sl ai n by B h i m fo r a n a t t e m pt o n D rau pa di , w i fe o f t h e fi v e

Pandav s . T h e m ode rn t o wn o f D h o lk a, si t u a t e d t we n t y t wo -

m i le s so u t h we s t -
of Ah m adab ad, i s su ppo se d t o st an d on t he si t e

of t h is an c i e n t V ai i at
'
-
n ag a r , ! b u t t h i s i s do u b t e d b y so m e .

A ft e r t h i s pe ri o d no fu r t h e r i n fo rm at i o n re g ardi n g G ujarat

is o b t a i n ab l e , u n t i l we r e ac h t h e t h i rd c e n t u ry b e fo re C h rist ,

wh e n A so k a rt h e G re at , k i n g
-
of M ag a dh a (Bi h ar ), wh o ru l e d

f ro m B . C 2 63 t o
.
2 22, c au se d h is fa m o u s e di c t s t o b e i n sc r i b e d

ro c k a t G i rn ar F r o m t h is i t t h at So u rash t ra, or
'

a ppe a rs
on th e .

l t t h re a t e r po r t i on of t h at pe n i n su l a, was u n de r
a t e as e g
w b b l d t h h
“

l f t h t k i as p r o a y g o v e r n ean d ro u g
t h e ru e o a n g ,

S at r D u t i e s a n d t h e i r h e a d q u a r t e r wa s i t i s b e l i e v e d
a sp o r e p , , ,

We t h en fi nd t h at i n t h e fi rs t c e n t u ry aft er
at Ju n ag h a d .

V i de Bo m b ay G az et t ee r V o l I V, pag e 3 3 7
. .

1 T hi s k i ng b e lo nged t o t he M au rya dynast y, vi de Bo in b ay Gaz et t eer

V ;
ol V I I I , p ga e 2 7 2 .
 3 EARLY P ERI OD .

C h r ist t h e g re at c on qu ero r K an ish k afi wh o ru l e d fro m K ab u l

,
i

a n d Ya r k a n d as fa r a s A ra e x t e n de d h i s c o n q u es t s t o
g ,

G uj arat . A r ac e of r u le rs k n o wn as t h e K sh a t rapas, h e ld
s way i n G uj arat , as t he v ass a ls o f K an i sh k a, b u t t h e se a ppe a r to
h a v e b e c o m e i n de pe n de n t du ri n t h e t i m e o f t h at k i n g s su c c e s ’

g
s o rs T h e y a re su ppo se d t o h a v e c o n q u e re d K ac h h , wh i c h r e
.

m ai n e d a
po r t i o n o f t h e G uj arat pr i n c i pal i t y i n t h e t i m e o f t h e
V a la b h is a lso . Bro ac h l an d C a m b ay 1( K h am b h ay at )appe ar t o h av e
' '

fo r m e d po r t i o n s of t h e i r do m i n i o n T h e K sh a t r a pas
. a re k n o wn
as we r fu l m o n arc h s P ro b a b ly t h e y wo rsh i ppe d b o t h t h e Su n
po .

a n d t h e Fi r e O n t h e i r c o i n s ! t h e m o n arc h i s de pi c t e d we ar i n g
.
,

t h e M ac e do n i an h e lm e t , wh i l e t h e r e v e rs e s h e ws a fi r e al t a r

a n d r e pre se n t a t io n o f t he su n an d m oon . Th e y a ppe a r to

h av e b e e n wn b y G au t a m pu t ra t h e A n dh ra k i n g o f
o v e r t h ro ,

the D ec c a n , a b ou t A D 330 wh o i t i s pro b ab l e h e l d po ss e ssi o n

. .
, , ,

of Sau ras h t ra fo r a b o u t a c e n t u ry . Bu t t h e G u pt as o f K an auj ,

wh o ru l e d b e t we e n t h e G an g a a n d t h e Jam na we re . ab o u t t h at

C o l o ne l J am e s T o d, lat e P o l i t ic al A g e n t , W e st e rn R a jp u t ana ,
i n h i s

ann als o f R a ja s t h an , V ol I p g
a e 2 3 3 ,
c al l s t h e i n v ad
. e r b y t h e n am e o f
Knac k Se n , a de s c e n dant o f t h e fam o u s R aja R am o f A y o dh ya, an d adds
-

t h at h e wre st e d do m i n i o n fro m a pri n c e of the Pram m ara ”

p ro b ab l y
P ar m ar ) rac e , a nd fo u n de d \
Vadn ag ar A D
, . Fo r t h e y e ars an d
c o i ns o f K anis h ka s re ig n, se e 2 13 t o 2 2 1 o f I n di an A n t i q u ary V o l . X
'

p g
a e s ,

Bre ac h i s a v e ry an c i e n t t o wn , an d b e l o ng e d t o t h e M au rya K i ngs ,

and aft e r wards t o t h e Dadas, o f wh o se t i m e se v e ral c o i n s and i nsc ri pt i o n s

hav e b e e n fo u nd ,
It s o rig i n al n am e i s Bh rig nk ac hh a, or Bh rig u k sh e t ra,

a, t h e fi e ld of Bh rigu R ishi i t s fo u nde r

'

s .
.

t o wn o ri g i nal nam e was Sk am h h a

'

1 C am b ay is also an an c ie nt . It s
T i rt h an d T ram b av at i
also F o r fu rt h e r d e t ai l s s e e ,
B o m b ay G az e t t e e r
Vo lu m e V I , p g
a e 2 1 3 ,
al so A s i at i c R e se a r c h e s V o l u m e I X , p g s 1 1 7 2 44 ,
a e -

sad Si r H Ell io t ,
’
s His t o ry o f I n di a, Vo l V , page 1 4 3 . .

T h e Re v M r Tayl o r o f t h e Irish Pre sb yt e ri an C h u rc h h ad

. . re c e n t l
y
t he go od fo rt u ne t o proc u re i n t h e A h m adab ad Baz ar a c o i n c o rres o ndi n
p g
ex ac t ly wi t h t h e des c ri pt i on h e re gi v en .
[ u m I . OHAP . 4

t im e r is i n g i n t o po wer , an d k i n g C h an dragu pt a I I . se n t an

arm y u n de r the c o m m an d o f h i s so n Ku m ar pal t o

-
S au raéh t ra,
wh ic h h e c o n q u e re d in or ab o u t 4 3 2 , an d pl ac i n g a v i c e - re g e n t ,

n am e d C h ak rapal , at V am a n s t h al i (t h e m o de rn V an t hl i ) t o r u le

i n h i s b e h alf h e re t u rn e d t o K an au j . T h e re i s an i n sc ri pt i o n of

t h e t im e of K u m ar pal s S k a n dh ag u pt a the ro c k
’
su c c e sso r on

at J u nag h ad , wh i c h sh e ws t h at t h e Su daréan a l ak e at t he
foo t of G i rn ar, wh ic h h ad b u rst i t s em b an k m e n t se v e n y ears

pre v i o u s ly in c o n se q u e n c e o f e x c e ss i v e r a i n , was r e pa i r e d in

t h e 1 3 7t h y e ar o f t h e G u pt a e ra, t h at i s i n A D 4 5 6 C h ak ra . . .

a l l t d t h t m l f V i h nu on t he t o o f t h e Ja a n t a
p a s o e r ec e e e p e o s p y
h i ll t h e nex t y e ar . It t h us a
ppe a rs t h a t t h e G u pt as ru l e d su

pr e m e i n S au ras h t ra ab o u t t h at t i m e . S k an dh ag u pt a se e m s to

h av e b ee n t h e l as t t h e m o r e po we rfu l o f t h e Gu pt a K i n g s
of .

I n h is t im e h is S e n apat i C o m m an de r i n C h i ef ) Bh at ark , o f - -

t he G h el o t ra c e , c am e wi t h a l arg e a rm y to S au ras h t ra,

i n t h at ro v i n c e . A ft e r S k an dh a s
’
an d m ade h i s ru l e fi rm p
de a t h i n o r ab o u t A . D 4 68.
,
a n d du r i n
g t h e de c li n e of t he

Gu pt as wh o we re fi n al l
y o v e rt h r o wn b y t h e fo re i g n H u n s
Bh at ark assu m e d t h e t it le of K ing of Sau ras h t ra, an d fo u n de d
the c ity of Val a b h i pu r ( ab o u t A . D . 4 79 ) wh i c h so o n was m ade

t he c api t al , a li e u t e n an t b e i n g l e ft at V am an s t h ali . T ra c es
of t h e l
o
an c i e n t c ity a re y e t to be see n n e ar t h e li t t l e t o wn
of s i t u at e d ab o u t e ig h t e e n m i l es t o the nor t h we st
-

of Bhav n ag ar . Of t h e ex i st e n c e an d i m po r t an c e of t h is V ala
b h i pu r t h e re c an be no m ann e r of do u b t . It s n am e fr eq u e n t ly

in o ld m an u sc ri pt s, an d i s m ent io n ed i n i n sc ri pt i o n j
-
o c c u rs an

C h i e f t own of a 3 rd C lass St at e of t h at n am e u n der t h e pre se nt K a

t h i awar P ol i t i c al A ge n c y . T h e pre se nt C h i e f i s a Bh ai ad of the T h ak o r
of Bh avn agar .

1 S e e I n di an A nt i q uary Vols XI page 305 , XIV pages 75

. , . and 339,
and XV page 3 3 5,
.
 [P AR T 1 . cm . l .
] 6

au t h o rs, h o we v e r , ag re e in af
fi rm i ng t h at t h e c i t y was sac k ed
an d o v e r t h ro wn b y fo re i g n i n v a ders T h e R as M ala s t a t es
.

t h at i n t h e t im e of t h e l as t S i ladi t y a, a M ar wadi n am e d K ak u

l eft h i s n at i v e t o wn Pali , an d se t t l e d i n V al ab h i pu r, wh ere,

t h ou g h o ri g i n al ly h e h ad b e e n so poo r t h at h e was k n o wn b y
”
t he appe lla t i o n of R an k po v e r t y s t i c k-
e n h e in time
we al t h O n e day t h e k i n g
’
a m asse d v ast . s dau g h t e r o b s er v e d,

“ ”
of R an k dau g h t e r, a ri c h l d
’
i n t h e t re sse s s g o c o m b , s t u dde d
wi t h v al u ab l e j e we ls , b ut on h erdesi re t o po ssess
ex press i n g a

h erse l f o f t h e sa m e , R an k wo u ld n o t c o n se n t t o part wi t h t h e
i ou s o rn am e n t a t an y ri c e T h ere u po n t h e k i n g c au se d
pr e c p .

i t t o b e wre s t e d fr o m h i m b y fo rc e , b u t t h is ac t o f i nj u s t i c e l e d
t o t h e r u i n o f Si ladi t y a , fo r t h e M ar wadi m e rc h an t reso l v e d
o n v e n g ea n c e , an d h e e dless o f a l l c o n se u e n c e s
q t o h is c o u n t ry ,

fl
'

wai t e d o n a fo re ig n e m pe ro r , a n d, o e r i n
g an i m m e n se su m fo r t h e

ass i st an c e h i s t ro o ps c o u l d r e n de r, wh i le al s o h o l di n g ou t h o pes
o f ri c h l n de r, i n du c e d h i m t o a d v an c e a
g a i n st Valab h i pu r
p u .

U n de r t h is pro m i se t h e em pe r o r i n v ade d I n di a wi t h a

l arg e arm y ,
an d de fe at e d an d k i l l e d S i ladi t y a, aft er wh i c h t h e
c api t al V al ab h i pu r was pi l la g e d a n d de st ro y e d T h e e x ac t .

e ar o f t h i s i n v a si o n a n d t h e n a m e o f t h e k i n g wh o e ffe c t e d
y ,

t h e de s t ru c t i o n , no wh e re appe a r . T h e Hon . M o u n t st u ar t
E lph i n st o n e j
c o n e c t u re s t h at the e m pe ro r m ay h a v e b e en

N au sh e r wan t h e J u st ,
b u t t h at k ing ru l e d in Persi a fro m
A D 5 3 1 t o 5 79 wh e n V al ab h i pu r
. .
, p
ap e ars t o h av e b e e n eu

j oy i n g pe ac e u n de r it s o wn k i n g s . H e n c e t h o u gh i t i s t ru e
,

t h at t h i s k in g c ar ri e d h is ar m s i n t o I n di a, st i l l he c ou l d n ot

h a v e b e e n t h e de s t r o y e r of Val ab h i pu r . Mr . E l ph i n st o n e
i n de e d g i v e s A . D . 52 4 as t h e y e ar of t h e de st ru c t i o n o f
V al ab h i pu r, b u t t h at y e ar m u st b e i nc o r
re c t , i n as m u c h -as

the ac c o u n t of H i u e n Tsi an g -
sh o ws V al ab h i pu r t o h av e
b ee n i n a fl ou ri sh i n g c on di t i o n at t h e t im e of h is v i si t in or
 7 VALABHI m as s .

ab o u t A D 640
. . . T h ere i s, t h ere fo re , e v e ry re aso n t o b eli ev e
t h at t h e fo rei g n e rs wh o o v e r t h re w Val ab h i pu r we re so m e

ea r ly A rab i n v ade rs , wh o r e t u rn e d a s ra i
p yd l as t h ey c am e .

A ft e r t h e fal l of Val ab h i pu r t h e i n h ab i t an t s appe ar t o h av e

di sperse d t o di fl e re n t l oc ali t i e s, an d t o h a v e fo u n de d o t h er

t o wn s, am o n g wh i c h we re Bal i Su n dari N an do l i n M ar war

, , ,

an d Panc h asar .

I t was at t h e last m e n t i o n e d pl ac e t h at t h e fo rt u nes of the

k i n g do m of Guj arat r e v i v e d u n de r t h e C h av ada dy n ast y , b u t
wh e t h e r t h e se C h av a das we re i n an y W ay c o n n e c t e d wi t h t h e
S iladi t y a fa m i ly h as not b ee n a sc e rt a i n e d . T h e l as t k i n g of

t he ne w dy n as t y was J ay sh e k e r , du r i n g wh o se re i
g n, in or

ab o u t 69 6 A D . .
, an e l o q u e n t b u t fa n a t ic al b ar d , n am ed Sh a n
k ar, fu l fi l l in g t h e G uj a rat i say i n g d l i ld h as gra d e d W i s! an} ,

( a foo l i sh fr ie n d m ay pr o v e a n e n e m y b ro u
g h t ru i n u po n

h is k i n g an d c o u n t ry I t h appe n e d t h a t t h is b a rd, i n t h e
.

h is b egg in g
c o u rse o f —e x
c u rsi o n s ab ro a d e n t e re d t h e pre se n c e ,

o f Ra j a Bh u war o f K aly an i n t h e D e c c an ! T h e k i ng b e i n g i n
o pe n D ar b ar, su rro u n de d b y h i s c o u rt i e rs a n d n o b l es S h an k a r ,

i n t h e m o n a rc h i T h e k i n g was ple ase d

’
sa n g so m e v erse s s pra se .

wi t h t h e c o m po s i t i o n , an d, wh e n pre se n t i n g t h e b ar d wi t h t h e

u su a l ro b e o f h o n o u r, e n q u i re d o f h im , as t o h is n am e an d

h o m e I n prou d
. re ply S h an k ar s po k e i n t e rm s o f u n m e as u re d

e u lo
gy of h is o wn c o u n t ry , G uj a rat ,
wi t h i t s c api t a l Pa n c h a
sa r, a n d e x t o l le d so h ig h ly t h e v a lo u r of its so v e re i g n , J ay .

sh e k e r, an d o f h is g e n e ral S u rpal, t h at j e al o u sy was at o n c e

k i n dle d i n t h e b re as t o f Ra j a B h u w a r H e de t erm i n e d o n
.

spe e d i ly su b du i n g j
G u arat , an d se e n an ar m y u n de r the c om

m an d o f h i s c h i e f g e n e ral , n am e d M i r wa s m arc h i ng t o wards

,

Pa nc h as ar . I t h alt e d wh e n o n ly si x m i le s fro m t he c api t al ,

0 A c c ordi ng t o Dr Bti hle r ,

K alyan was sit uat e d near K anauj:
[ PART 1. c an . 1 3

wh ere h owev er i t was su rpri sed an d c om pl et ely re n t e d by

'

-
, ,

Su rpal an d t h e G uj arat t roo ps . M i r, h av in g l o st se v e r al o f h is

e mee rs ,
r e t re at e d i n g re at c o n fu si on t o wards K a ly an . W h en
st ill e g t day s d ist an t fro m t h at c i t y , Ra
i h -
“
j a Bh u war j o i n ed t h e
arm y wi t h l arg e re i n fo rc e m en t s, a n d i n spi ri ng h i s so l di e rs wit h
fresh c ou rag e , pl ac e d h i m se lf at t h e i r h e ad A . se c o n d a d v an c e

was m ade ag ai n st Pan c h asar Aft e r

b e si e g i n g t h e c i t y
. c l o sely

fo r so m e fi ft y t wo day s, du ri n g wh i c h S u rpal b rav e ly re pu lsed

-

se v e ral at t ac k s, Bh u war Raj a so u g h t t o c o rru pt t h at g en eral

fro m h is al le g i an c e t o J ay sh e k e r Bu t t h e b rav e R aj pu t see m .

fu l ly r ej ec t e d all su c h o v ert u re s, de c lari n g t h at h e was as i n

se parab l e fro m h is k in g , as i s wat e r fro m t h e m i lk wi t h wh ic h
i t h as b e e n m i x ed .

A ft e r t h is t h e si e g e was st il l c o n t i n u e d, an d Jay ash ek er

fo u n d h i s t ro o ps we re b e i n g se ri ou sly re du c e d in nu m b er . An
x i o n s t o pre se r v e h i s dy n ast y h e b eso u g h t Su rpal, wh o se sis t er
,

h e h ad m arr i e d t o c o n v ey h e r t o so m e plac e o f se c u r i t y
, To .

t h i s Su rpal an d t h e R an i c o n se n t e d wi t h g reat re l u c t an c e , an d

t h e t wo m an ag e d to e sc a
pe fro m t h e b e si e g e d c ity, aft e r

wh i c h t h ey t oo k t h e ir c o u rs e t o wa r ds a fo re st . Raj aBh u war

no w o ffe re d t o l e a v e J ay ash e k e r i n u n di spu t e d po sse ss i o n of

h i s t e rr i t o ry o n c o n di t i o n o f h i s t e n de ri n g h i s su b m i ssi o n in
the u su al fo rm , h o l di n g g rass i n h i s m ou t h , an d b o wi n g t o t h e
c o n q u e re r s fe e t , h i s h a nds b e i n g fo r t h e t i m e t i e d b e h i n d h i m
’
.

J ay ash e k e r, h o we v e r, r e pli e d t h at h e wo u ld pre fe r de a t h i n t h e

b at t l e fi e l d t o
-
su c h h u m i li at i o n , an d a fi e rc e fi ght e n su e d, in
wh i c h Jay sh e k e r fe ll s wo r d i n h an d K i n g Bh u war t o m ark h is
, .

e st e e m o f t he v a lo u r o f h is a d v e rsary , f
.

pe r o r m e d i n pe rson t h e
fu n e ral r i t e s, o b se rv i n g t h at J ay sh e k er was an h o n ou r t o t h ose
wh o h ad g i v e n h i m b irt h .

Guj arat t h u s passe d u n der t h e do m in i o n o f t h e K al an

y .

K in g , wh o , aft e r rec e i v i n g t h e su b m i ssi o n o f t h e c h i efs o f

 9 E A R LY H l x n U P E R I O D .

K ac h h and S o ra t h , a n d s pe n d i n g a sh o rt t im e at Pa n c h asa r ,

re t u r n e d t o h is c a pi t a l, le a v i n g a v e rn or to a dm i n i s t e r the
g o

a ffa i rs o f t he ne wly ac q u i r e d p ro v i n c e .

S u r pal h a v i n g , ,
i n t h e m e an t i m e , l e ft h is si st e r in t he
fo re s t s was h i m se lf r e t u rn i n wi h d l J h k
’

, g t o u t e a
y t o a y s e e r s

wh e n h e h e a r d o f t h e l a t t e r s de fe a t
’
ass i s t a n c e , an d de a t h .

H is fi i m pu lse was t o r u sh o n t he
’
rs t ene m y s c am p, an d t hus

s h a re i n t h e fa t e of the k ing , b ut on re fl e x io n he r e so l v e d
ra t h e r to a v en ge h i s m as t e r , a n d, i f po ss i b le , re g ai n t he c o u n t ry

on b e h a l f o f t h e i n fa n t pr i n c e wh o se b i r t h h i s s i st e r was e x
e c t ing A c c o r d i n g ly h e wi t h dr e w t o t h e fo re s t s a n d m o u n t a i n s
p .

of G i rn ar wh e n c e , ,
wi t h a fe w c h o se n fo l lo we r s ,
h e i ssu e d ou t

fro m t i m e t o t i m e t o m o l e s t t h e de pu t y of Raja Bh u wa r .

T h e Ran i Ru psu n dar i a ft e r h e r b r o t h e r s de pa rt u re m e t

’

. ,

i n t h e fo r e st a k i n d h e a r t e d B h i l wo m a n wh o r e c o g n i z i n g a t
-
, ,

o n c e t h at s h e was a l a dy o f h i h ra n k , h h l t d
g g a v e e r s e e r a n ,

ro m is e d t o pro c u r e h e r fo o d an d n e c e s sa r i e s I n h e r h u m b le
p .

a b o de , at t h e fu l l m o o n of V a is h ak h S am v a t 75 2
, A D . 69 6 )
a so n , de st in e d t o b e t h e fu t u r e k i n g of G uj a rat , was b o rn to

t h e R an i S i x y e a rs sh e pa t i e n t ly s pe n t wi t h h e r i n fan t i n
.

t he fo r es t aft e r wh i c h pe r i o d h o we v e r a Ja i n M o n k n a m e d
, , ,

S h i lg un S u r i wh i l e on h i s way t h ro u g h t h e j u n g le sa w t h e ,

pr i nc e s le e pi n g in a c ra dl e t h a t was su s pe n de d fro m t h e
b ra n c h e s of a a n d, b e in g s t ru c k wi t h t h e c h i ld s n o b le a
’
t re e , p
pe a ra n c e , m a de e n q u i r ie s o f t h e m o t h er . Le a r n i n g fro m h e r
wh o sh e was ,
t h e pi o u s m onk t ook b o t h t h e m ot h er an d c h i ld

wi t h h i m t o h i s m o n as t e r y , t re a t i n g t h e m wi t h e v e ry t o k en of

r e s pe c t . T he c h i ld n o w rec ei ved t he n am e o f V a n Raj -

( fo r e s t
k i ng ) b y re as o n o f h i s b i rt h in t he j u n g le . T he n ex t fe w
we re spe n t i n t h e
’
o n k s r e t re at a t Radh a n pu r, !
y ea rs m o r n ear

0 N e w b elo ni
g gn t o N at ural) Bis m i ll a K h an o f t he c e le b rat e d
Bab i fam i ly .

‘
d
7
[ PA R T 1 . OH AP . 10

u n t i l, a t le n g t h , t h e t i m e c am e wh e n t h e b o y c o u l d s a fe ly j oin
h is m at ern al u n c le Su rpal i n t h e fast n e sse s of G i rn ar . H ere
he ac c o m
pan i e d h is u n c le i n m an y of h i s da r i n g ex pl o i t s, an d

b o r e h i m se lf i n al l so we ll, t h a t Su rpal g r e w c onfi de n t of

s pe e di l
y re a l i z in g h i s l o n g c h e ri sh e d h o pe s . W h e n V an Raj -

was yonlfo u rt ee n
y e ars o f a
g ,
e h i s u n c l e d i e d a n d t h e y o u t h ,

h ad h e n c efo r t h t o r e ly so l e ly u po n h i s o wn ab i l i t y a n d re
fo r t h e of h i s fat h e r s t h r o n e He fi i
’
s o u rc e s re c o v e r
y . rs t n o m

n at e d t h o se wh o h ad b e en o f se r v i c e t o h im du r i n g h i s m i s
fo r t u n e t o h i g h h o n o u rs , wh i c h we re , h o we v e r, fo r a l o n g t i m e
m e r e ly n o m i n a l Bu t at l e n g t h an o ppo r t u n i t y o c c u rr e d fa
.

v o u ra b l e t o t h e e s t ab l i sh m e n t o f a n i n de e n de n t k i n do m
p g Ra j a .

B h u war h ad ass i
g ned the re v e n u es o f G uj arat t o h i s dau g h t e r,
an d o n e day , as h er ofi c e rs wh o h ad c om e to c o ll e c t t h e t ri b u t e
we re re t u r n i n g t o K a ly an wi t h a v as t a m o u n t o f t r e a s u re an d

m an y s wi ft K at h iawadi h o rse s V an R aj ,
-
at t ac k e d t he p art
y ,

an d, k i ll i n g t h e i r b e c a m e po sse sse d o f i m m e n se b o o t y
c h i e f, .

T h is e n ab l e d V an -
R aj t o c arry i n t o e ffe c t h i s l o n g c o n t e m pl a t e d

pl a n s, an d in S am v at 8 02 (A . D 74 6) h e fo u n de d
. the onc e

fam o u s c it y o f A n h i l war, i n wh i c h h e was fo r m a l ly e n t h ro n e d

on t h e 7t h of M ah a V ad . H i t h e r h i s m o t h e r R u psu n da r i an d
the spi r i t u al p re c e pt o r Sh i lg u n Su ri , wh o h a d so l o n g pr ot e c t e d
h er, we re safe ly b r o u g h t , an d t h e i m ag e t h a t t h ey wo rsh i ppe d
was i n st all e d i n a t e m pl e u n de r the n am e o f Pan c h as ar P aras
n at h . T h e po we r of t h e S o l an k i dy n ast y of Bh u war Raj awas,
i n pr o c ess of t i m e , de st ro y e d t h ro u g h o u t t h e pr o v i n c e , an d

A n h i lwar re m a i n e d the c api t al o f G uj arat u n t il t h e y e ar 1 4 1 2

A D , wh e n Su l t an A h m ad fo u n de d t h e
. . c ity of A h m adab ad o n

t h e b an k of t h e sab arm a t i ri v e r . A n h i l war i s sa i d to o we i t s

n am e to the fac t t h a t wh e n Van Raj was i n -
sear c h o f a si t e fo r
the c ity , A n h i l, a sh e h e rd, c o n se n t e d
p t o m a k e k n o wn a su i t

ab l e spo t o n the ex pre ss c o n di t i o n t hat t h e c ity, w

h en b u i l t,
 ’ ’
11 c HA VA DA DYN A ST Y .

sh o u l d be n am e d aft e r h i m se l f . T h e k in g , t ru e to h i s pro
m i s e , g av e i t t h e n am e of A n h i l war . In c o u rs e o f t i m e, h o w

e v e r, t h e po pu l a t i o n
as an d pro s pe ri t
y o f t he pl ac e i n c re ase d,

a n d i t b e c a m e m o r e de fi n itel t h e c i t y of t he ro v i n c e , i t c am e
y p
t o b e fr e q u e n t ly c al le d Pat an th e c i ty an d o ft e n t he t wo
n a m es we re c om b in e d in t h e com po u nd fo rm o f A n h i l war P at an .

T he re i
g n of Va n R aj las t e d s i x t y y e ars, an d a t h i s de at h
-

in A . D . 8 06 h e ,
l e ft t h e k i n g do m wh i c h h e h ad t e es ta b l i sh e d
,
-

b y h is o wn v a l e u r, in a p ro s
pe r o u s c o n di t i o n .

H is s u c c e ss o r t o t h e so v e re i g n ty w as h is so n Ye g R aj wh o
-
, ,

l i k e h i s fa t h e r posse sse d m il i t a ry t a l e n t s
,
. H e is a lso s a i d to
h a v e b e e n c o n spi c u o u s fo r l i t e ra ry ab i l i t y . D u ri n g h is re i
g n

o f t h ir t y fi -
ve
y e a rs , h e l arg e ly i n c re ase d t h e ex te n t an d t e

so u r c e s o f h i s k i n g do m .

V e ry l i t t le h as b ee n r e c o r de d in c on ne x i o n wi t h the re

m a i n i ng fi ve k i ng s of t h e C h av ada dy n a st y . Th e i r re i
g n s,

h o we v e r, appe ar t o h av e b e e n pr o s pe r o u s , t h e i r do m i n i o n was
ex t e n de d i n v ari o u s di re c t i o n s, an d, a c c o rd i n g to th e ac c o u n t s o f

A ra b i an t ra v e l l e rs, t h e c api t a l A n h i l war Pat a n c on t in ue d to b e

a c en t re o f i n c reas i n g c o m m e rc e .

Sam an t S i n g h , t h e l as t of t h e C h av ada dy n as t y , h ad n o
m a l e i ssu e, b u t h e h a d g i v e n h i s s i s t e r i n m a r r i ag e t o a c h i e f o f

t h at s am e So l a n k i r ac e t o wh i c h b e l o n ge d t h e Raj a B h u wa r
wh o h ad efl ec t ed
'

the ru i n o f V a n -
Ra s j ’
fa t h e r an d t h e de s t r u c
t io n of the Pan c h as ar k i n g do m . A so n of t h is s is t e r, n am e d

M u l Raj was
-
, a do pt e d b y Sam an t Si n g h , wh o o ne day ,
in a

dru n k e n b o u t , ab dic at e d i n h is w s fa v o u r Th ou gh h e
’
n e ph e .

re v o k e d h is a b di c a t i o n a fte r re t u r n i n g to a so b e r st at e , t he

ne ph e w , n e v e rt h e le ss, lai d c l a im t o t h e So v e r e i g n t y , a n d, c ol

we re d
'
l ee t i n g so m e t ro o ps, o v e rpo an d sl e w t h e k i n g M u l Raj -
.

for t h wi t h u su rpe d t h e t h ro ne , an d to u ar d ag a i n st po ss i b l e
g
[ PAR T 1 . C R AP . l .
] 12

r e b e l l i o n s, c au se d al l t h e k in s m e n of h i s m o t h e r (wh o h ad di e d
wh e n g i v i n g h i m b i r t h ) t o b e pu t t o de at h T h u s t h e k i n g do m .

o f G uj ar at d f m d t h w f t h C h av adas an d
pas s e r o u n e r e s a
y o e ,

c a m e u n de r t h e do m i n i o n of t h e S o lan k i s .

T h e T ab l e i n A ppe n di x C g i v e s t h e da t es of the re i g n of

e ac h k ing of t h e C h av a dady n as t y .

Be fo re c o n c l u di n g t h is c h apt e r , it i s d e s i r ab l e t o n o t ic e

b ri e fl y t h e du ri n g t h i s pe ri o d, an d su b se q u e n t se t t le
ar r i v a l

m en t in G uj a rat o f t he Pars i s a pe o pl e n e w s o wi de ly k n o wn
, ,

fo r t h e i r enter
pr i se , e s
pe c i a l l y in c om m e rc i a l m a t t e rs I t . wo u ld
b e fo re ig n t o t h e pu rpo se o f t h i s wo r k t o n arr at e t h e c i rc u m

s t a n c es t h a t l e d t o t h e i r l o s i n t h i r e m pi r e o n e o f t h e e arl i e st
g e ,

and m o s t i ll u st r i o u s in an c i e n t h is t o ry . S uffi c e i t h e re t o
m e n t io n t h at i n A . D 64 1
. t h e ir i n de pe n de n c e was fi n a l ly

o v e rt h rown b y t h e ri si n g po we r o f t h e A r a b s I n c o n se q u e n c e of .

t h e fi e rc e r e l ig i o u s pe rse c u t i o n t h a t e n su e d du r i n g wh i c h m an y ,

of t h e I ran i a n s t d t h M u h am m adan fai t h , t h e g re at e r

ac c e
p e e

po r t i o n o f t h o se wh o s t il l c lu n g t o t h e i r o wn r e li g i o n fe l t t h ey
c o u ld pr e s e r v e it o n ly b y q u i t t i n g t h e i r b e l o v e d n at i v e l an d .

I n di a h a d l o n g b e e n k n o wn t o t h e m T h e i r re l i g i o u s as we l l as
.

p o li t i c a l c o n n e x io n wi t h i t h a d c o m m e n c e d i n v e ry an c i e n t t i m es .

T he ex pe di t i o n o f D ar i u s so n o f H s t as e s (B C 5 2 1 ) i s wel l
,y p . .

k n o wn , an d t h e P u njab a
ppe a rs t o h a v e b ee n a de pe n de n c y of

P e rsi a fro m t h at y e ar t ill B C 3 5 0. . . K i n g Be h ram s u rn am e d

G e r i s k n o wn t o h av e pai d a v i s i t t o I n di a i n t h e fi ft h c e n t u ry
A D t o g ai n a l l i e s i n h i s st ru g g l e s wi t h t h e Sc y t h i an t r i b es o f
. .
,

W h i t e Hu u s an d t o h a v e fo r m e d a m a t r i m o n i al c o n n e x i o n wi t h
t h e h o u se of a H i n du P rin c e ! . N au sh e rwan t h e Ju st an d h i s
g r an dso n K h u s h ro P ar v e z we re c o nn ec t e d b y t re at i e s wi t h se

v e ral H i n d u K i n g s K h u sh ro P a r v ez Sh i ro v y h i s, i n de e d,
’
. s so n
e
it See Du t t ’
s a n c i e nt I n di a V o l I II Page 6 1. ,
[ PAR T 1 . C HA P . I .
) 14

c e re m o n i e s in a c c o r dan c e wi t h pr e v al e n t H i n du c u s t o m s and ,

t h a t t h e i r wo m e n , t h o u g h a l l o we d t o r e t a i n t h e S a d r a (sh i rt )
an d K u st i (sa c re d t h r e a d), em b le m s o f t h e Z o r o a st r i a n re l i
g i o n,

sh o u l d a do pt t h e d re ss of H i n du fe m a l e s . T he Pars i s a c c e t ed
p
t h e se c o n di t i o n s , a n d s e t t le d a t S a nj an A . D 71 6
. wh e n c e ,

i n t i m e, t h ey se n t o u t se v e ral c o lo n i e s, a m o n g s t o t h e r s t o N av
sari , C a m b ay Bre ac h S u r a t V a r i av
, , ,
an d A n k l e sh v a r . It sh o u ld
’
b e m e nt io n e d t h at ab o u t fo u r c e n t u ri e s l a t e r, o n e of t h e R an as
su c c esso rs a b ro g a t e d t h e pr o h i b i t i o n t o b e ar ar m s. At t h at
t i m e A la u d d i n K h i l ji A laf
’
- -
s ar m
y , u n de r the c o m m an d o f

K h an wh e n i n v a di n g G uj a rat
, an d t he D e c c an h a d a ppr o ac h e d
,

S anj an wh e re u po n t h e Pars i s i n g ra t e fu l re m e m b ran c e o f t h e

, ,

sh e l t e r g i v e n b y t h e R an as a n c es t o r r e s o n de d t o h i s r e u e st
’

p q ,

fo r m i l i t ary a ss i s t a n c e . A b o dy of fo u r t e e n h u n dr e d Z o r o as
t r i an s c am e t o h i s a id, an d re
pu l s e d A l a f K h an
-
. Bo t h t h e Parsi
c o m m an de r A r de sh i r an d t h e Ran a we r e , h o we v e r, k ill e d i n a

su b se q u e n t a t t a c k A l a f K h an fr e s h
’
on -
s r e t u rn W ith r e - i n fo rc e

m e n t s, a n d, o n t h e l a t t e r t a k i n g t h e t o wn of Sanj an , t h e Parsis
we re c om pe l l e d to re m o v e e l se wh e re .

Sam vat 7 72 , Sh rawan Sh u d 9 t h , c o rre spo n di n g to Yaz d -

e - Z ar di
ye ar 85, m ont h T i r, day Bah m an , i s t h e dat e o f t h i s s e t t l e m e n t as gi ven
b y Das t u r A span di ar K am di n , h i gh pri e st o f t iie P ars s at Bre ac h i n a
i ,

p pamh l e t wr i t t e n b y h i m i n A . D 1 8 2 6, an d q u o t e d i n .
M r Dos ab h ai
.

’
Fram ji s Hi st o ry o f t h e P arsi s, v o l 1 , pag e 3 0. .
 15

C HA P T E R I I .

T H E S OLA N K I D Y N A S T Y ,

T he re ig n of M u l raj, C h am u n d,
V alab h sen an d D u rl ab h se n .

F R OM 9 4 2 t o 1 02 2 A . D .

M u l Raj t h e fi
-
rs t k in g of the ab o v e n am e d dy n a s t y c om a

m e n c e d h is re i
g n in A . D 9 4 2 H is
. .
.
en er
g i e s h ad se e n to b e em

l o y e d i n pr o t e c t i n g h i s k i n g do m fr o m t wo po we r fu l e n e m i e s wh o
p , ,

o wi n g t o t h e de s t r u c t i o n o f t h e C h av a da dy n a st y we r e t e m pt e d

t o i n v a de G u j a rat a l m o s t s i m u l t a n e o u sl y . T h e s e we r e

1 . T h e Raj a o f N ag o r o r S a m b h a r (t h e pr es e n t Aj m e r )
fro m t h e N o r t h .

2 . T h e R aj a o f T e li n g an a fro m t h e S o u t h .

M ul -
R aj e s t ab l i sh e d h i m se l f i n t h e s t r o n g fo r t r e ss o f K a n t h
K ot t h e fr o n t i e r of K ac h h a n d, s e e i n t h a t i t wo u ld not be
on , g
po ss i b l e to c o pe wi t h b o t h t h e po we r fu l e n e m i e s at o n e a n d the

s am e t im e wi t h su c c e ss, h e i n du c e d t h e Aj m e r c h i e f b y l a rg e

re s e n t s to r e t i re t o h is o wn c o u n t ry M ul R aj t h e n a t t ac k e d
p
-
.

t he arm y fr o m T e l i n g an a , an d pu t i t t o fl i g h t wi t h t h e l o ss

of i t s g e n e ral .

F r e e d t h u s fro m fe ar of fo r e i g n i n v as i o n , M u l R aj t u rn e d -

h is a t t e n t io n to the c a pi t a l , wh e r e h e c au se d s e v e ra l t e m ple s
t o b e b u i lt . A t t h i s pe ri o d , a lso , he c om m enc ed t he e rec t io n

of t h e fa m ou s t e m pl e of R ud a
r -
M al at S h r i s t h al t h e pr e se n t

Si ddh pu r a t o wn h e l d i n g re a t sa n c t i t y b y t h e H i n du s .

W h ile M u l Raj was -

r e ig n i n g a t A n h il war, t h e K i n g i n t h e

pe n i n su la o f S o ra t h was one G ra h R i pu , desc ri b e d as a de m o n

in t h e an c i e n t H i n du wo rk s
G ra h R i pu was v e ry po we rfu l,
.

'
and h is s t ro n g h l d o f Vam a n s t h al i (t h e m o de r n V a n t h a l i ) n e a r
p ,

Girnar, was c o nside re d i m pre g n ab l e H e was also m o st t y ran n i c al .

[ P A RT 1 . C HAP . 16

a n d o ppr e s s e d h is j
su b e c t s an d t he i
p gl ri m s t h a t r e so r t e d to
S o m n at h -
M a h ade v . T ra d i t i o n s ay s t hat o ne day t h e M a h ade v
a
pp e a re d to M u l Raj i n -
a dr e a m , and di r e c t e d h i m t o d e st roy
G ra h R i pu an d h i s de m o n s M u l Raj ac c o rd i n l a ft e r c o n s u l t in
g y, g
-
.
,

h is m i n is t e rs de t e rm i n e d t o
,
c a rr
y ou t t h e wi s h e s of t he M a h ade v,
wh o h a d pro m i se d h i m v ic t o ry . He su m m o ned h is a l li e s, and

m a rc h e d a g a i n s t S o ra t h at t h e h e ad of a l a rg e arm
y am on
g t he

a c c la m a t i o n s o f h is su bj e c t s wh o , , as is u su al o n s u c h o c c as i o ns ,

t h ro n g e d i n g re a t nu m b e rs t o wi t n e ss t h e m i l i t a ry p r o c e ss io n .

G ra h R i pu h e a r i n g o f t h e a ppro a c h o f M u l Raj a ls o as
,
-
,

s e m b le d h i s a r m
y a n d c a ll e d h i s fr i e n d
,
Lak h a t h e Raj a of ,

K ac h h , a n d a lso t h e S i n dh u Raja, t o h is aid . A sa n

g u i n ary

b a t t le e n s u e d, i n wh i c h t h e G uj a rat y w as v ic t o r i o u s
arm a nd ,

G r ah R i pu s a r m y t o o k t o fl i g h t G ra h R i pu was h i m s e lf s t ru c k
’
.

do wn b y t h e h a n d o f M u l R aj -
, an d t a k e n pr i so n e r . H is al l
y
Lak h at h e n pro po se d n e o t i a t i o n s b u t M u l Ra r e fu s i n
g j , g t o li st e n, -

Lak h a a ssa i le d h im wi t h g r e a t fu ry ,
an d fe l l i n t h e c o n t est,

i rc e d b M R aj D c o m pl e t e v i c t o ry
’

p e y ul -
s s pe a r (A . . Th u s
c ro wn e d the ex pe d i t i o n O f the G j
u a r at k in g ,
wh o m a de h is
o b e is a n c e t o t h e i do l Of S o m n at h a n d e v e n t u al l re t u rn e d t o his
, y
c a pi t a l wi t h h i s a rm
y , b ri n g i n g as p l u n d e r a v as t a m o u n t of

t re asu r e an d a n u m b er o f e l e ph a n t s t a k e n fr o m t h e en e m y .

M u l R aj du r in g h i s g l o r i o u s r e i g n o f 5 6 y e a rs e x t e n de d t he
-

, ,

li m i t s o f t h e k i n g do m o f G uj a rat v e ry c o n si de r a b ly By .

Lak h as de a t h h e g a i n e d po ssess i o n
’
of K ac h h ,
in a dd i t i o n to
S o ra t h wh i c h h e b ec a m e t h e l o r d b y t h e fa l l o f G r a h R ipu
Of .

S e v e ral k i n g s t o pro pi t i a t e h i s fa v o u r u se d t o se n d h i m pre

, ,

se n t s o f g o ld, j e we ls an d o t h e r v al u a b l e a r t i c l e s. On o n e oc c a

si o n a n am b assado r fro m Lat h if b r o u g h t fro m h i s Raj a t he

S i r W i ll i am H u n t e r i n c l u de s i n t h e Lat h c o u n t ry , t h e C o llec
t o rat e s o f S u rat , Bre ac h , K ai ra an d par t s o f Baro da . T h e g ran t s pu b lished
i n t h e I n d i a n A n t i q u ar y V o l . XI I , pag e s 1 9 6 t o 2 05 ah d Vol XIV, pages
.

1 9 6 t o 2 03, s u pport t h i s V i e w ,
 17 mun-M '
x c om m .

prese n t o f an e l eph an t , whic h h av i ng b een pronounc ed b y t he

ast ro l og e rs as o f b ad o m en , t h e k i ng no t on l c on t em pt u o u sly
y
t u rn ed away t h e am b assado r t h e pre sen t , b u t , wh en
an d r efu se d

a fav ou rab le o ppo r t u n i t y pre se n t e d i t se lf, e v en at t ac k e d t h e

Lat h c o u n t ry . D u ri ng t h is ex pe di t i o n h e was ac c o m
pan i e d
b y h is so n C h am u n d wh o , l eadin g t h e
, v an o f t h e Guj arat arm y ,

k i lle d t h e pri n c e o f Lat h i n b at t l e was

'

. T h u s Lat h al so an

u sz od t o t h e Gujarat k i n do m
g .

T owards t h e en d o f h is re i g n M u l Rdj -
su fi e re d dee p re

m o rse fo r h a v i n g u n u st i fi ab ly
j k i lle d h is m o t h e r s k i n sm en
'
.

I n o rde r t o ex pi at e h i s c ri m es h e m ade fr e q u e n t fas t s t o o k , vo ws ,

wen t on il
p g ri m a g e s an d g av e l a r
g p
,e re se n t s t o B rah m an s A t .

l en g t h b e reso l v e d t o ab dic at e t h e t h ro n e an d t ak e u p h is ab o de ,

i n t h e h o ly t o wn o f S i ddh pu r, t h e n k n o wn b y t h e n am e o f
S h rist h al . He re h e i n v i t e d l e arn e d Brah m an s "
to se t t l e wi t h
o fi e re d t h em
'

t h e i r fam i l i e s, an d prost rat i n g h i m se l f b efo re t h e m

h is k i n g dom . T h e wi se m e n , h o we v e r , re fu se d t h e g ift , say i n g

t h ey wo u ld n o t b e a b le t o m ai n t ai n po ssess io n of t h e k i n g do m .

M a l RAj t h e re fo re
-
, , a l i e na t e d Si ddh pu r, S i h o r an d se v e ral v il
lag es fo r t h e e n do wm en t of t h e t e m pl e s an d su ppo rt of t he

Brah m ans . A D 9 97
. . He al so g r an t e d V a la t o c e rt a i n Brah
m ans , b u t le ft i t s g o v e rn m e n t i n t h e h an ds of its c h i e ft ai n .

T he la t t e r is sai d t o h av e b ee n a de sc en dan t of E b h al Vala,

wh o fl ou ris h e d i n o r ab o u t 2 9 5 A D . .
, an d c o n c e rn in g wh o m t h e

T h e fo llo win g i s a l is t of t h e fam il i es whi c h e m i grat e d t o Si ddh pur

M al R a
j p
-
a at ro n ag e

1 05 fro m P ray6g (A ll ah ab ad) .

1 00 from GangtLDwar .

1 00 fro m C h yawun Ash ram . 1 00 fro m N ae m esh a A ranya.

9 00 fro m K apyd K u b ja, 1 00 fro m Be nares.

4 04 00m K nru K sh e t ra .

Vida Forb es Ra m a “p g
, a e 48.
3
[ PART 1 . cm . 18

follo wing v erse, g i v en i n t h e Kat h i awar Gaz e t t e er, i s st i ll at

t i m es su n g

At W adh wan reside s E b b e l wh o c an wi t h st an d t he

o n se t o f m en

H e de fe at e d t h e I ran i s wi t h h is spe ar,

O f wh ic h t h e Su n i s wi t n e ss

M u l Raj a l so
-
a dde d m u c h t o t h e i m por t an c e o f C am b ay by
se t t l i n g t h e re a c o lo n y o f t he ne wly arri v e d Brah m an s and
t i t h em i f l d b w i l i
’

g ra n n
g a p e c e o a n , a o u t t e n t y q s u a r e m e s n

t e nt , ne ar the l w h t h M h i t t h n, wh i c h
ex p a c e e r e e a e n e r s e o c e a

t h e Brah m a n s se l e c t e d as t h e m ost h o ly pl ac e n e ar t h e t e m pl e
of K u m ari k a T h i s g ran t . a ppe ars t o h av e b e e n ac c o m pan ied by
t h e t ran sfe r of C a m b ay t o i t s prese n t si t e . Be fo re t h i s t h e
c it y is su ppo se d t o h av e st o o d t h r e e m i l e s i n l an d . T h e t e m ple
of K u m ar i k a i s sai d t o h av e b e e n si t u a t e d on t h e g ro u n d at

pre se n t o c c u pi e d b y t h e E n g l i sh Fac t o ry b u i l di n g .

A ft e r m ak i n g t h e se a nd o t h e r m ag n i fi c e n t g i ft s, M u Raj
l -

ab di c at e d h i s t h ro n e i n fav o u r o f h i s e l dest so n C h am u n d, an d

i n h i s b eau t i fu l pal ac e R am i ash r u m , (t h e h o u se of de l ig h t s) a t

S i ddh pu r, spe n t t h e re m a i n de r o f h i s day s i n rel i
g i o u s de v o t io n .

Raj a C h am u n d s l ast e d o n ly fo r t we l v e y e ars an d

’
re i n
g
fo u r m o n t h s, b u t i t was one of
pe ac e an d pro speri t y So m e .

h i st o ri an s h o we v e r pl ac e i n h i s re i g n t h e i n v asi o n o f G ujarat
, ,

b y M ah m u d o f G h az ni an d t h e sac k o f t h e fam o u s t e m ple o f

S o m n at h , b u t t h i s c an n o t b e c o rr e c t , fo r , ac c o rdi n g t o t h e b es t

au t h o r i t i e s, t h e i n v as i o n i n q u e s t i o n t o o k l ac e i n A H 4 60,
p . .

A D. . 1 02 43, an d t hus si x t e e n y e a rs su b se q u e n t to the c l o se o f

I n 1 02 5 , Bh i m De v was k i n g o f A n h i l war
’
C h am u n d s g re i n .
-

a n d i f h i s g r an d fa t h e r C h am u n d was t h e n
-
al i v e, t h ou g h i n

re t i re m e n t , t h e m i st a k e m i g h t r e adi ly b e m a de o f asc ri b i n g
M ah m u d s i n v asi o n t o t h e pe r io d o f C h am u n d s reign i nst ead
’ ’

of m erely t o h is l ife t im e -
.
 C HA M UND so m s k r.
'
19

In A D 1.009 C.h a
m u n d Raja a
,
b d ic at e d, as h i s fat h er h ad

do n e b e fo re h i m , i n fa v o u r o f h is e l de st V a l ab h , an d ro
so n p
c e e de d t o Be n ar es o n i
p gl r i m a g e h i s w ay t h i t h.
e r t hOne R aj a

o f M al wa i n su l t e d h i m b y t a k i n g fr o m h i m h i s u m b r e l l a an d
o t h e r ro al i ns i n i a O n h i s re t u rn C h am u n d i n fo rm e d h i s
y g .

so n o f t h e i n su l t do n e t o h i m , so Val ab h m arc h e d wi t h an arm y

t o M al wa t o pu n ish t h e o ffe n de r . On t h e ro ad, h o we v e r, h e

su c c u m b ed t o an a t t ac k o f sm all -
po x . T he ar m y , t h e r e fo re ,
i n g reat g ri e f t o G uj ar at , an d C h am u n d t h e n se at e d
r e t u rn e d

h is sec on d so n Du rl ab h se n o n t h e t h ro n e h i m sel f r e t u rn i n g as ,

a pe n i t e nt t o S u k al T i r t h "
on t h e b an k of t h e N arb ada, wh e re

h e passed t h e re m ai n de r o f h i s day s
‘

D u rl ab h re i
g ne d fo r ab o u t e ig h t y ea rs . H e b u ilt se v eral

t e m pl e s an d D u rl ab h S aro v ar ( t an k ) at A n h i lwar
the -
. H is

y ou n
g e r b ro t h er was N ag Raj an d t h e wi v es o f b o t h
-
, t h ese
b ro t h e rs we re dau g h t e rs o f t h e k i n g of M ar war . D u rl ab h h ad
m al e i ssu e , b u t N ag wi fe g a v e b i r t h t o h D
’
no s a so n (B i m e v ),
-

des t i n e d t o b e c o m e fam o u s i n t h e an na ls o f G uj arat W h e n t h i s

.

n e ph e w g re w up t o m an h o o d, D u r l ab h r es i
g n ed t h e k i ng do m

in t o h is h an ds , an d b ot h h e an d h i s b ro t h e r N ag R aj -
r e t i r ed a s

p e n i t e n t s, le av i n g t o Bh i m De v t h e b u rde n
-
as well as the
s
pl e n do u r o f a v as t do m i n i o n .
( A D 1 02.2 .

T h is p ac e is ab o u t t e n m i le s ab o v e t h e t o wn o f Bre ac h and a gre at

O
l
fai r is an nually h e ld t h e re o n t h e day o f t h e fu ll m oo n o f t h e m ont h of
whi c h ab out t went y fi ve t housand pilgrim s assemb le .
 20

C HAP T E R I I I .

M ah m u d o f Gh az n i s i nvasion Gujarat
'
B]! m -Dnv I ,
of .

F R OM 1 02 2 t o 1 07 2 A . D .

Soo n aft er t h e ac c essi o n o f Bh i m De v y b e fell

-
a g re at c alam i t

t h e k i ng do m o f A n h i l war M ah m u d, k i n g o f Gh az n i i n A fg h a
.

n is t an wh ose n am e h as al rea dy b ee n m e n t i o n e d, h a d wh i le
, ,

G uj arat was e nj o y i n g peac e u n de r i t s H i n du ru l e rs, m ade n o l ess

t h an fi ft e en di t i o n s ag a i ns t o t h e r par t s o f I n dia, an d h ad
ex pe

c onq u e re d Lah o r, M i rat , D e lh i a n d o t h er c i t i e s i n t h e N o rt h .

I n A H 4 1 6 A D 1 02 4 , M ah m u d m ade h is six t e e n t h
. .
, . . ex po

dit i o n wi t h a v ie w t o dest ro y t h e fam o u s t e m ple of So m n at h,

an d t h u s s t ri k e a h eav y b lo w a t i do lat ry . I n S e pt e m b er of
t h at y ear h e l e ft G h az ni b y way o f M u l t an , t oo k Aj m er, and,
l e av i n g t h e m o u n t ai n o f A b u i n t h e r e ar, ar ri v e d b y forc ed
m arc h es at A n h i l war Bh i m De v pro b ab ly n o t b e i n g fu l ly
.
-

p p
re ar e d to m e e t h i m fl e d, an d A n h i l war fe l l i n t o t h e h an ds of

t h e i n v ader M ah m u d t h en m ade h is preparat i o ns fo r m ar

. .

c h i ng o n So m n at h , an d i n t h e m o n t h o f Jan u ary 1 02 5 A D .

reac h e d t h at plac e .

H e re , n ot wi t h st an di ng t h e su dde n n e ss an d rapi di t
y of

M ah m u d s t h e H i n du s c o lle c t e d
’
appro ac h , i n large n u m b e rs,

an d m ade a b ol d s t an d i n defe n c e of t h e ir r eli

g i o n . On t h e
fi rst day of t he at t ac k b y t h e M u h am m adan t ro o ps t h e b at t l e
we re c l eare d b y M ah m u d s arc h e rs, an d t h e H i n du s, di
’
m en t s
spi ri t e d b y the fi e rc e n e ss o f th e l ost t h e day
o n se t , h ad n e arl y .

I nst ead o f r em ai n i n g fi rm at t h e ram pa r t s t h ey c ro wde d i nt o

t h e prec i n c t s of t h e t e m pl e, an d pro st rat i n g t h e m sel v es wi t h
t e ars i n t h e i r ey es b e fo re t h e i do l i m pl or e d i t s ai d The M u .

h am m adan s i m m e di at ely se iz e d the o ppo rt dn i ty t hus o ffe red

b y t h e t em po rary desert i on, and, h av i ng appl i e d t h ei r sc ali ng

 [w ar 1 . ou r . 22

b u ry so m e o f t h e fragm e n t s u n de r t h e t h resh ol d of t h e m o sque

of G h az n i , an d o t h e rs a t the e n t rac e t o h i s o wn r e si de n c e i n t h at
c i ty, in o rde r t h at t h ey m ig h t b e t ro dde n fo o t b y t he
u n de r

b e l i e v e rs . W h i le t h e wo rk of de m o l i t i o n was pro c e e di n
g t h e ,

de v o t e es o ffe re d M ah m u d an e n o r m o u s ran so m i f h e wo u ld de sist

fro m fu rt h e r m u t ila t i o n ; b u t t h e o n ly re ply re c e i v e d fr o m h i m
was t h at h e wo u l d rat h e r b e k n o wn as t h e de st ro y e r t h an as
t he se lle r o f i do ls . S o t h e wo rk of des t ru c t i o n c o n t i n u e d, an d,

u l t i m at e ly , in a ddi t i o n
t o t h e pre c io u s s t o n es ab o v e m e n t i o n ed,
a l arg e am o u n t o f t re as u re i s s ai d t o h av e b e e n fo u n d c o n c e al ed

in t he v au l t s.

H av i n g m ade the re q u i s i t e a rran

g e m e n t s at So m n at h,
M ah m u d m arc h e d on t h e fo r t of G an dab afi t si t u a t e d ab o u t 68
m iles fro m A n h i l war t o wh i c h Bh i m De v h ad fl e d
-
. On arri v al

h e fo u n d i t t o b e a fo rt i fi c a t i o n su rro u n de d b y de e p wa t er on

all si de s. T wo di v e rs we re b r ou g h t t o h i m , wh o i n fo r med
M ah m u d t h at t h e re was a fo rd b u t t h at i f t h e t i de
, c am e in
as t h ey we re c ro ssi n g a ll wo u l d peri sh . M ah m u d, t h e refo re.
a ft e r h u m b ly i n v o k i n g t h e aid o f t h e A l m ig h t y , se t ou t a t an

h o u r wh e n t h e t ide was l o w, an d, ad v an c i n g t h ro u g h t h e wat er

wi t h h i s c av al ry , safe ly l an de d t h e m b el o w t h e fo rt ifi c at i o n walls .

Se e i n g t h i s, Bh i m De v t o o k t o fl ig h t ,
-
an d t h e fo rt fe ll a n e asy

p re
y t o t h e i n v ade r, wh o h e re also o b t ai ne d eno rm o u s b oo ty .

M ah m u d, t h u s v i c t o ri o u s, r e t u rn e d t o A n hi l war, an d, b e i ng
m u c h pl e ase d wi t h t h e o pe n , ex t e n si v e c o u n t ry , its ri c h so il,

an d g o o d c l i m at e , p ex resse d a desi re t o st ay i n Guj arat for

so m e y e a rs . H is n o b le s, h o we v e r, di ssu ade d h i m from t h is
i n t e n t io n , re presen t i n g t h a t G uj arat was t o o dist an t from h is
o wn c o u n t ry , wh i c h was i n h ab i t ed b y a h ardi er rac e o f
p p
e o l e.

a Su pposed t o b e t h e prese nt wast e sit e of Ghandvi d

a t he K a war
t hi a
Coast .
 23 M UHAM AD or G m :

Henc e afte r l ingeri ng o nly a fe w m on t h s i n t h e Pro v i nc e t h e

Su l t an de t e rm i ne d t o re t u r n t o Gh az n i, t a k i ng wi t h h i m t h e
t re asu re an d j e wels o b t ai ne d fro m
Be fo re l e av i n g Gujarat , t h e Su l t an c o n si de re d
i t po l i t ic t o
l i t i n c h a r e o f so m e o n e c h ose n fro m a m o n g t h e pe o ple
p ac e g
o f t h e c o u n t ry , wh o wo u l d b e u n de r p l e dg e t o g o v e rn i t fo r

M ah m u d as h i s de pu t y an d se n d h i m t h e ann u a l t ri b u t e T he .

n o b le s i n fo rm e d h i m t h at o f t h e o l d dy n ast y t h e re we re t wo
m e n k n o wn Dab isal i m s l of wh o m was ru l i n i
' '
as o ne
, g n a

d ist an t par t of the c o u n t ry , a n d t he o t h er wan de ri n g a b ro a d as

a n an c h o re t A lt h ou g h t h e n o b les t h l D ab a
ra i s e d
i l i m
.
p e ay s

v e ry m u c h fo r h i s h o n es t y , a n d sa i d t h ey we r e c o n fi de n t h e

wo u ld se n d t h e an n u a l t r i b u t e fa i t h fu lly , M a h a m u d s c h o ic e fe l l
’

on the asc e t i c pr i es t . T h i s l a t t e r h ad pro m ise d t o se n d the

k i ng eac h y e ar a su m e q u al t o t h e r e v e n u e o f K ab u l an d K ho
rasan t o get h er T h e . a n c h o re t fo u n d i n pe rsu adi ng
no di ffi c u lty

M a h m u d t h at if t h e o t h er Dab i sal i m c o n t i n u e d fre e h e wo u ld,

aft e r t h e S u l t an de par t u re , do t h i n g i n h is po we r t o
’
s e v e ry u su r p

t h e t h ron e . M ah m u d ac c o rdi n g ly m arc h e d ag a i n s t h i m , arre st e d

h im an d t oo k h i m o ff t o G h az ni . A fe w y e ars aft e r t h is, wh e n t h e

i T he sandal - wo od gat e s So m nat h , t ak e n b y

of t h e t e m ple of

M u h am ad t o G h az ni as a t ro ph y o f h i s v i c t o ry an d fi x e d t o t h e do o rs o f
h is m osq ue in t h at c i t y, we re re c o ve re d b y t h e E ng lish t ro o ps d uri ng t h e
'

K ab ul war i n A D 1 8 4 2 , an d i n t h at ye ar we re b ro u g h t b ac k t o I n dia T h e
. ,

i de n t i t y o f t h e gat e s i s, h o we ve r, do u b t e d b y Si r W illi am H u nt e r, ,wh o

c o ns ide rs t h e m a m ode rn fo rg e ry . T h e g at e s we re de po si t e d at A g ra .

1 »
It i s w h o t h
n o t c le are se Da b i s ali m s we re , sav e t h at t h e y we re

h o ly pe rso n ages o f ro yal e x t rac t io n T h e y h ad h o we v e r l o ng si n c e lo st

.

t he i r pat ri m o ni al t e rri t o ri e s, wh i c h h ad b e e n u su rpe d b y t h e So lank is .

Se e A siat R s
i c e e arc h ,
e s V o l u m e I X pp 1 8 0— 1 8 5 , , .

S i r II E l i o t c alls t h‘e m De v a Si la o r t h e m e di t at i v e k i n gs
. , . Se e N u
ham m ad a n H i st o ri ans, V o l I V, p 1 8 3 , , .

I t is not i m pro b ab le t h at t h e wo rd Dab isali m m ay h ave so m e c on

nex ion w i t h t h e Dab h is, a b ranc h o f t h e s pu t a .

 [ PART 1 . cm . 24

an c h o re t h ad b ec o m e fi rm ly seat e d o n his t h ro ne , h e su cc eeded

b y m eans o f prese n t s t o t h e S u l t an an d h is m i n i st ers, i n i n du c ing

t h e fo rm e r t o s u rr e n de r t h e st i ll i m pri so ne d Dab i sali m t o h im .

T he re i g n i n g Dab i sal i m h a d, i t i s sai d, c au se d a du n g e o n t o b e

m ade u n de r h is t h ro n e fo r t h e ex pe c t e d pr i so n e r, b u t Pr o v i dence
h ad wi ll e d o t h er wise , an d t h e pro v e rb W h oso di g g e t h a pi t
sh all fall t h e re i n was l i t e ral ly fu l fi lle d i n t h is c ase .

I t was c ust o m ary , say s t h e M i rat i A h m adi , fo r t h e k i ng,

- -

wh e n ab o u t t o r ec e i v e a p r i so n er of m ar k , t o adv an c e o n e st a e
g
t o m ee t h i m , an d m ak e h im ru n b e fo re h is h o rse , c ar ry i ng a

pi t c h e r o f w at e r o n h i s h e ad as far as t h e prec i n c t s o f t h e al ace

p .

A c c o rdi n g t o t h i s c u st o m Dab i sali m , t h e an c h o re t , m arc h e d out

o n e s t ag e fro m h i s c api t a l . T h e re was, h o we v e r, so m e de lay in
t h e pri so n e r s arr i v al , so t h e Dab i sali m passe d t h e h o u rs i n h unt
’

i n g A ft e r
. a t i m e , b e i n g t i re d, h e g a v e h i s fo ll o we rs t h e o r de r to

h al t , an d fe ll asl e e p h i m sel f u n de r t re e, h av i ng pre v i o u sly c c

a

v e re d h is fac e wi t h a re d h an dk erc h i e f T h e re wer e m an y v ul

.

t u re s i n t h e nei
g h b o u rh oo d , an d o n e o f t h e se , m i st ak i ng t h e red

c lo t h fo r a pi e c e of fl e sh , de sc e n de d an d c arri e d it a way i n i ts
t alon s i ng i t , h o we v e r, t h e b i rd s c l a ws
’
. In t h e ac t o f se i z pi e rc

ed the ey e s o f p thewh o w as t h
sl e e pi n g
u s pe rm a n ri n c e ,
e n t ly
b li n de d A g reat t u m u l t fo rt h wi t h aro se i n t h e arm y , an d m ean
.

wh i le t h e o t h e r Dab i sal i m arri v e d T h e k i ng s at t e n dan ts per

’
.
, ,

c ei v i ng t h at t h e i r m ast e r was no w i n c apac i t a t e d fo r ru l i n

g t he

k i n g do m , at o n c e de t e rm in e d t o t ran sfe r t h e i r alleg ian c e t o Da

b isali m t h e pr i so n e r an d a c,c o r di n l
g y t h e y al l m a de t h e i r o b e i
san c e t o h im . T h e y fu rt h e r c o n s t rai n e d t h e b l i n ded Dab isali m
to su b mi t , an d
p l a c i n g t h e pi t c h e r , wh i c h h a d b e e n b ro u g h t for

t h e G h az ni
pri so n er, o n h i s h e ad c o m e l l e d h i m t o ru n b e fo re
p
t h e m t o t h e pal ac e He re h e was pu t i n t o t h e v e ry du ng e o n he
.

h ad h i m se lf g i v e n o rde rs t o b u i l d fo r an o t h e re
i
-

We m u st no w re v ert t o M u h am ad Gh az ni aft er h e left

 25 Bu m -
15m I .

A n h i l war H is . re t u rn m arc h was n o t at al l so pros pe r o u s o r so

s pe e d
y as h ad b e e n h i s a dv an c e . The ro u t e b y wh i c h h e

p p
ro o se d t o g o b ac k was o c c u pi e d b y Bh i m De v -
, wh o i n t h e
m ea n t i m e h a d m an ag e d t o c o l l e c t a fo rc e , an d b y V i sal De v , -

t h e Raj a o f Aj m e r . H is arm y was b y t h i s t i m e

, , m uch r e du c e d

o wi ng t o lo sses i n c u rre d b o t h b y t h e a t t ac k on S o m nat h an d

b y t he c h an g e o f c l i m at e . M ah m u d t h e re fo re di d n o t c o n si de r

i t po l i t ic t o r i sk , i n h is we ak e n e d c o n di t i o n , an o t h e r b at t l e A c .

c o r di n g ly h e de t e r m i n e d t o r e t u rn by a ne w ro u t e t h ro u gh t h e
dese r t s o f S i n dh . I n t h i s m a rc h t h e a rm y su ffe r e d g re at di st ress
fro m wan t of wat e r an d
p ro v i si o n s . M an y of the so l di e rs di e d
ra v i n m d f m t h i n t o l e rab le h e at of t h e de se r t an d fro m
g a ro e

t h irst . In a sa dly sh a t t e re d s t at e M ah m u d at l as t reac h e d

M u l t an wi t h t h e re m n an t o f h is a r m y , an d t h e n c e pro c e e de d t o
G h az n i (1 02 6 2 7 A -
. D . H is de at h o c c u rr e d i n A D 1 03 0 . . .

Aft e r t h i s o wi n g t o di sse n si o n s am o n g h i s de sc e n dan t s an d to

o t h e r c a u ses, G uj arat , i n wi t h t h e re st o f I n di a,
'

m an y c om m on
j
e n oy e d i m m u n i t y fro m
an fo re i g n i n v asi o n fo r t h e lo n g
pe r i o d o f 1 60 y e a rs .

A ft e r t h e re t u rn o f M ah m u d t o G h az n i , Bh i m De v -
re
g ai n e d

po sse ss i o n o f h i s k i n g do m . I t is n o t c le ar, h o we v e r i n wh at
,

y ear an d b y wh at m e a ns h e d i d so . He c e r t ai n ly h ad assu m e d

ro y a l po we r b e fo re 1 03 2 A D . .
,
fo r an i n sc ri pt i o n , dat e d t h at

y ea r , t e l ls o f t h e t e m pl e o f Yu
g ad i n at h at D e l wara h av i n g b e en
b u i l t b y V i m al Sh a E h i m e v ic e r e g e n t so t h a t t h i rt ee n y e ars
'
- o
, ,

su b se q u e n t t o M ah m u d s de a t h , wh e n t h e k i n g s o f D e l h i , Aj m e r,
’

an d o t h e r so v e re i g n s, t ak i n g a dv an t a
g e o f t h e we ak n ess of M ah
m u d s su c c esso rs, at t ac k e d a n d re t o ok Han si , T h an e sh war Lah o r,
'
,

an d o t h e r c i t i e s, Bh i m De v -
h ad al ready o b t a i n e d fu l l s way
o ver A n h i l war , an d ac c o rdi n g ly h e di d n ot j o in t h e H i n du c on

fede rac y . T h i s b ro u g h t do wn h i m t h e di spl e asu re o f t h e

u po n

c on fe de rat es, an d the R aj a Vi sal-De v o f Aj m er ac c o rdi ng ly

marc h ed o n Gujarat .

4
 { rm 1. CRAP . a] 26

Visal D e v s advanc e o n Gujarat b ro u g h t i n t o

’
-
c o n fl ic t t he
am iss of Guj arat an d Ajm er . T he re su l t b e in g a d v e rse to
t h e fo rm e r, V is al De v -
ex pre sse d h is wi lli n g n ess t o wi t h draw
o n c o n di t io n o f b e i ng a l lo we d t o b u i l d a t o wn at t h e plac e of

h is v i c t o ry . T h is pro po sal was ass e n t e d t o, an d he r e t i red

aft e r l ay i n g t h e fo u n da t io n of t h e t o wn of V i sa l n ag ar on t he
spo t wh e re t h e t wo arm ie s h ad e n g ag e d i n b a t t le . Bh i m De v -

t h en m arc h e d a
g ai n s t S i n dh , a n d su b du e d t h a t pro v i n c e .

H is c o nt em po ra r
y a t M al wa was t h e c e le b rat e d RajaBh oj .

T h e re we re al t e rc a t i o n s b e t wee n t h e se k i n gs, i n wh i c h Bh i m
De v appe ars on t h e wh o l e t o h av e o b t ai n e d a de c i de d ad v an t ag e .

I t was du ri n g h is re ig n t h a t Vi m al Sh a, wh o m Bh i m D e v h ad
- -

se n t as h i s de pu t y t o A b u b u i l t o n t h a t m o u n t , i n A D 1 03 2 ,
, . .

t he su pe rb m arb le sh ri n e al re a dy m e n t i o n e d as de di c a t e d t o

Yu gadi nat h Vi m al Shaalso .

-
e r ec t e d t h e t e m pl es at K h am b h alia
on t h e h i ll of A rasu r n ear t he sh r i n e o f M at a B h av an i . Bh i m
De v s q u ee n U day am at i b u il t h an d v av well
’
a v e ry -
so m e ( a

a ppro ao h e d b y fl i g h t s o f st eps ) at A n h i l war i t se lf, wh ic h is

st i ll k n o wn as t h e Ran i s v av
’
.

A ft e r a n e v e n t fu l r e i g n o f o v e r fi ft y y e ars, Bh i m De v , fo l - a

lo win g t h e e x am pl e of h is pre de c e sso rs, de t e rm i n e d t o ab dic at e

h is t h ron e i n fav o u r o f h is e l dest so n K sh e m Raj -

b ut on t h is
i f l se para t e d fro m h is fa t h e r, b ro
’

pr n c e s r e u sa to b e a y o u n
g e r

t h e r, K aran , was i n s t al le d on t h e t h ro n e i n A . D 1 072

. . Bo t h
Bh i m De v -
an d j
K sh e m R a t h en we
-
nt into re t i re m e n t , an d s e n t
p
t he re m a in de r o f t h e i r days i n r e l i g io u s m e di t at io n .
 27

C HAPT E R I V .

T he re i gn s o f K aran Ra
j aan d Sid h R a J
j y a Si ng h - -
.

F R OM 1 07 2 TO 1 1 43 A .

D u ri n g K aran R aj as ’
re i g n t h e re W as no fo re i g n war . He
was t h u s a b le t o de v o t e h i m se l f t o t he c o n so l ida t i o n of h is
k ing do m a n d to t h e j
su b u g a t i o n o f t h a t pa r t of h is c o u n t ry

wh i c h i s c a l le d t he M e was T h i s was i n h ab i t e d b y wi ld
t r i b e s, an d was di fli c u l t o f ac c e ss o wi n g t o i t s de n se fo re s t s H e .

de fe at e d an d sle w t h e c h ief o f t h e Bh i ls n am e d A sh aa t A sh awal,

an d b u il t a t e m ple i n h o n o u r of t h e g o dde ss K o c h ra v . He also

fo u n de d t h e c ity of K arn av a t if l K a ran Raj a n e x t
'
-
c au se d to b e
c o n st ru c t e d a. l arg e rese r v o i r, c a l le d K a r a n Sag ar a t a v i llag e n o t
-
,

m a ny m i l e s fro m A n h i l war , a nd in o rde r t o b ri n g wat e r i n t o

t h i s t an k h e i s sai d t o h av e di re c t e d t o wards i t t h e c o u rse of

t h e ri v e r R u pey n , wh ic h o r ig i n ally fl o we d i n t h e di re c t i o n of t he

Ran . He also b u il t se v e ral o t h e r u se fu l pu b li c wo rk s .

W h e n K a ran Raj a di e d i n A D 1 09 4 h is
-
. .
, so n Si ddh RAj -

was a m e re c h i ld, an d ac c o rd i n g ly it was arr an g e d t h at h is

m o t h e r M ai n a l Devi , t h e dau g h t e r of t h e k i ng of C h an drapu r
i n t h e D ec c a n , s h o u ld
g o v e rn i n h is n am e wi t h t h e assi st an c e o f

h e r m i n ist e rs . M ai n al D e v i was a v e ry wise an d a b l e q u e e n ,

an d s h e , l i k e h e r h u sb an d b e fo re h e r de v o t e d h e r , a t t en t i o n to

M e was e m b ra e s
c
t he v i llag es t o t h e N o rt h of t h e M ah i , sit u at e d

near its rav i nes . T h ey we re o nc e t h e t e r ro r of t he c o u nt ry . T h ey are

rul ed b y m i no r c h i e fs , wh o pay t ri b u t e t o G o v e rn m e nt .

1 '
T h is c i t y do e s no t ex ist at t h e prese nt day, b u t t rac es o f i t are
t o be see n in t he ru i n s fo u n d i n and ab o u t A h m adab a d T h e re i s s ,

Vav (we ll ) at t he v ill ag e o f A s arwa, ab o u t a m i le fro m A h m adab ad. c alle d

was Bh a ani s we ll v
’
, wh ic h is sai d t o b e t he o lde st wo rk n ear t he c it y, an d

t he o n ly f
re m r a n t o f t h e o ld A sh aval , ne ar whi c h K are n P ajais -
su ppo se d

t o hs ve b u i lt K am avat i .
[ru n 1 . c m . 28

wo rk s o f pu b l ic u t i li t y . T h e M an -Se ro v ar, wi t h se v eral sm all

t e m ple s on i ts b an k , st i ll t o b e see n at V i ram gam , an d t he M a

l av t an k at D h o lk a we re b u i lt b y h e r o rde rs Sh e also i n du c ed
, .

h er so n S i ddh j
-
Ra J ay Si n g h t o
-
re m i t t h e t ax le v i ed at t he
v i l lag e o f B h alo d (n o w i n t h e Rajpi pl a S t at e ) on i
p gl ri m s
pro

c e e di ng to t he sh r i n e o f S o m e sh v a r at t he v i ll a
g e o f K o ral, t o
wh ic h sh e i s sa i d t o h a v e prese n t e d an e le ph a n t an d a g o ld
fi gu r e c al l e d a T u l Fu ru sh ( T h i s pro b ab ly m e a n s t h a t sh e

g av e t o t he sh ri ne g o l d e u al
q t o h er we ig h t ) Se v e ral m ag n i
.
.

fi c e n t b u il di n g s, so m e o f wh i c h ex i st ev en at t h e
p r es en t t i m e ,

are at t r ib u t e d to S i ddh R aj -
J ay - S i n
g h ,
wh o i n h e r i t e d h is

fat h e r s b o u n t i fu l dis po si t i o n I t was h e wh o aft er h is

’
. c o n q u e st

of M al wa, c o m pl e t e d t h e t e m pl e R u dra M al fo u n de d b y t h e
of -

S o lan k i pr i n c e M a l Raj an d pl an t e d a v i c t o ri o u s d t f
pe n e n o
-
,

M ah ade v o n i t s su m m it . I t was fro m t h i s t i m e t h at t h e t o wn,

wh i c h h ad h i t h ert o b e e n k n o wn b y t h e n am e o f Sh ri st h al, oh -

t a i n e d t h e n a m e o f S i ddh pu r i n c o m m e m o ra t i o n o f t h e ro yal
r e st o re r o f t h e R u dra M al -
. On t h i s o c c asi o n h e i s sai d t o h a v e
i v e n t h e Brah m an s t h e g ra n t o f o n e h u n dr e d an d o n e v i l la
g g e s

i n t h e Bh al l an d i n addi t i o n t o t h e g ran t b y M u l Raj -

.

Siddh R aj s re i g n was f
’
n o t so l t h at of h i s fa t h er
~
pe ac e u a s .

W h ile e ng ag ed wi t h h i s m ot h er in t h e wo rs h i p o f So m e sh war,
t h e M al wa k i ng , an o ld an t a g o n i st of G uj arat ,
i n v a de d i t
fro m t h e N o r t h . The o ffi c e r in c h a rg e of A n h i l war pai d
him a su m o f m o n ey , an d i n du c e d h i m t o b u t S i ddh Raj -

d id n o t a ppr o v e o f t h i s, a n d b e g an t o m ak e pre para t i o n s t o i n

v a de M al wa i n h i s t u r n I n . c o u r se o f t i m e h e m a rc h e d a a i ns t
g
t h at c o u n t ry , a d van c i n g s t ag e by st a
g e a n d su b du i n
g t h e c h i ef

t ai n s o f t h e pl ac e s wh i c h c am e i n h i s way S i ddh R aj
.
-
c o n t in u ed

t h i s wa r wi t h t h e M al wa k i n g fo r t we l v e yea rs , du r i n
g wh i c h
h e ain e d m u c h re n o wn , an d a t l as t t o o k b y s t o rm t h e c api t al
g
t own of Dh arnag ar, an d c apt u red the k i n g Yash o v am s n,
[ u m 1 c an . . 30

par e n t s, he c o n se n t e d t o t h e b e t ro t h al . Th e 0d l i v e d i n Ra
K h e n g ar s t e rr i t o ry D e sal h av i n g
’
and t h e R as
’
si s t e r s so n
’
, re

p r e se n t e d t o h i m t h a t i t wo u l d no t b e h o n o u rab l e fo r h i m t o
a llo w so re a t a b e a u t t l h i k i d m t h Ra f i b l
g y o e a v e s n
g o , e o r c y
m ar r i e d h e r O n t h i s n e ws r e a c h i n t h e e ars o f S i ddh Ra , he
.

g j -

b e c a m e g rea t ly i n c e n se d , an d m arc h e d wi t h a n a rm
y g
a a i n s t t he
Ras c a pi t a l, wh i c h h e b e s i e g e d
’
T h o u g h t h e s i e g e l as t e d for
.

t we l v e y e ar s wi t h o u t a n y s u c c e ssfu l re su l t , t h e for t b e i n g i m
re na b l e a n d s t ro n l f il l S i ddh R j p w
’

p g g y d e e n d e d , s t a s r i de o u ld ~

n o t a l lo w h i m t o wi t h draw h i s fo rc e s a n d r e t i re . W h i le he
was wa v e r i n g as t o wh a t sh o u l d b e do n e , so m e q u a rr e l arose

b e t we e n Ra K h e n g ar -
an d h is n e ph e ws D esal an d V i sa] , who
t u r n e d t ra i t o rs to t h e ir u nc le t h e Ra . In se c re t t re a t y wi t h
S i ddh Raj t h ey pe rfi di o u sly i n t ro du c e d t h at k i n g t h ro u gh
’
-
, s a rm y

o ne of t h e g a t e s, wh i c h t h e y h a d c au se d to b e o pe n e d by
t re ac h e ry Ra K h e n g ar, t h u s t ak e n b y su rpri se , fo u g h t de
.
-

s pe rat e ly , b u t was at l e n g t h s la i n H i s c o n so r t Ban i k -Devi .

wi t h h e r t wo so n s fe l l i n t o S i ddh Raj s h an ds an d were c o n v eyed -

to W adh wan . S i ddh Raj di d h i s b e st b y pe rsu as i o n

-
an d t h en
b y t h re a t s t o c o n st ra i n B an i k D e v i t o m arry h i m
-
an d went
so far as to c au se e v e n h e r t wo i n n o c e n t c h i l dre n t o b e pu t t o

de at h b e fo r e h e r e y es . B an i k D e v i
-
, h o we v e r, a b so l u t e ly te

fu se d t o c o n se n t , a n d i m pl o re d t h e k i n g t o a ll o w h e r t o b ec om e
a Sa t i , t h r e at e n i n g h i m at the sam e t i m e wi t h a se v e re c u rse

in the e v en t o f h is wi t h o l di n g pe rm i ssi o n I n t h ose day s, a .

Sat i s
'
c u rse was m u c h dre a de d, a n d Si ddh Ra ar t l
j p y d e t e rr ed -
,

b y Ran i k D e v i fi rm b e h av i ou r,
’
b y t h e t hreat an d par t ly s t ru c k -
s

e v e n t u a l ly y i e l de d t o h e r e n t re a t i e s . Sh e c h e e rfu lly as c e n ded

t h e fu n e ral pi le t h a t h a d b e e n ra i se d o n t h e b an k o f t h e ri v er
Bh o g awa n e ar t h e t o wn o f W a dh wan l O v e r t h e spo t W h ere .
‘ ‘

0 O ne , wh o i m m o l at e s h e rse lf aft e r h e r h u sb an d .

W adh wan is a ve ry anc i ent t own, no w h eld b y a sec o nd c lass

C h i ef i n K at h i awar .
 Sm nfi JAr sme n
’
31 -
aA J -
.

sh e i m m o lat e d h erself, S i ddh Ra

j, re pen t i n of h is si n s, b u il t
g
-

i n h e r h o n ou r a t e m pl e t h e ru i n s o f wh i c h s t i ll ex i st . M o re
o v e r, as a su i t ab l e n i sh m e n t fo r t h e pe r fi di o u s De sal an d V i sa] ,
pu

wh o h a d fi rs t i n du c e d K h e ng ar t o m arry Ban i k De v i , -
an d t hen
b e t ray e d h i m , h e o rde re d t h at e ac h sh o u l d su fl e r t h e l oss o f h is

n ose an d e ars . Th u s t h e t wo b ro t h e rs rec ei v e d t h e du e re ward

of t h e i r t reac h e ry .

S i ddh Raj was t h e m o st i ll u st ri o u s k i n g

-
of t h e So lan k i
dy n asty . N o t wi t h st an di n g h i s t wo l o n g c am pa i g n s ab o v e

m e n t i o ne d an d h is ex pe d i t i o ns a
g ai n st K an auj an d o t h er

pl a c es, h e fo u n d t i m e t o s u pe r i n t e n d r e li g i ou s c o n t r o v e rs i e s

n o t o n ly b e t we e n Brah m an s a n d J a i ns b u t b e t we e n t h e Di g

a m b a rs an d S we t am b ars, t wo r i v a l se c t s of t he Ja i n re l i g i o n .

H is t e rr i t o ry ex t e n de d b ey o n d A b u t o n ea r J h alo r . K ac h h ,
Sau rash t ra an d M al wa we re u n de r h is s way , an d t o wards
t he so u t h h i s do m i n i o n re ac h e d far i n t o t h e D e c c an . The
k i ngs of C e y lo n an d ot h er c o u n t ri e s se n t am b assado rs to

h is c ou rt , a n d, ac c ordi n g t o C o lo n e l T o d, no l e ss t h an t we n t y
t wo pri n c i pal i t i es o we d h i m al l e g i an c e S i ddh Raj i s also fam o u s
.
-

fo r h is pu b l ic wo rk s I n addi t i o n t o t h e c o m ple t i o n o f t h e R u dra

.

ml and t he c o ns t ru c t io n o f o t h e r t e m ple s an d o f t h e S h ah sra

Li n g m any n o b l e re se rv o i rs, pal ac es , an d c ar a v a n se ra i s a r e a t t r i

b u t ed t o h i m . I n sh o r t , so g r e at was h i s fa m e b o t h i n t h e fi e l d
an d in t h e adm i n i st rat i o n o f h is c o u n t ry t h a t h is n am e i s st i ll
a h o use h o l d wo rd am on gst t h e i n h ab i t a n t s o f Gujarat .

O ne st o ry of h is ju st i c e i s wo rt h r e c o rdi n
g . It appe ars

t h at i n A D 1 1 00
. . so m e M u h am m adan s of C am b ay wh o se ,

fac t i o n h ad b e en worst e d i n fi g h t b e t we e n Hi n du s an d Pars is

a

on t he on e h an d an d M u h am m adan s o n t h e o t h e r, m ade t h e i r
way to A n h i lwai '

(P at an ) an d m e e t i ng k i ng Si ddh Raj -
Jay
Singh h un t i ng i n t he v ic i n i t y , i nfo rm e d h i m t h at t h e Hin du s
[u m I . am . 32

h ad at t ac k e d t h e M u salm an s, k i lle d e i gh t y o f t h em an d de
s t roy e d t h e i r m osq u e an d m i n are t s T h e K i n g st art e d for
.

C am b ay , a n d, wan de r i n g ab o u t t h e t o wn i n di sg u i se , sat i sfi ed

h i m se l f o f t h e t ru t h of the c h arg e . O n h is re t u rn t o P at an he
se n t fo r t wo m e n fro m e a c h c lass o f t h e i n h a b i t an t s, an d or

de re d t h e m t o b e pu n i sh e d . At the sam e t im e h e m ade o ver

to t h e M u sal m ans m o n e y e n o u gh to re b u i l d a ll t h at h ad
b ee n

The ab o v e i n c i de n t is r e c o r de d as sh o wi ng t h at M u salm ans

we re A a u d di n
’
re si de n t i n C a m b ay ev en b efo re l - -
s c o n q u e st of

G uj arat an d t h a t t h a t t o wn was at t h is peri o d u n der t he

ru l e o f t h e A n h i l war k i n gs .

0 Bom b ay Gaz et t eer, Vol VL, p 2 1 5 . . .

 33

C HAP T E R V .

T he re ign o f Ku nar- Pal

r
F R OM 1 1 4 3 t o 1 1 7 4 A. D.

Aft e r re i g n i n g fo r t y -
n in e y e ars, Si ddh Raj -
di e d in
1 1 43 A . D . He l e ft no so n , b u t i n t h e l in e of K sh e m Raj, -

so n of Bh im -
De v , t h e re we re t h r e e sons, by n am e M ah i -P al,
K i r t i P al -
an d K u m ar P al -
. T h e l as t of t h e se was o f no b l e

b e a ri n g , an d we l l fi t t e d t o su c c e e d Si ddh R a
j -
. O wi n g h o w,

e v e r, it is sai d, to an o b e c t i o n o n j the sc o re o f h is m o t h er not

b e i ng de sc e n de d fro m a pr i n c e l y fam i ly , K u m ar-P al was re

g ar de d wi t h d isfav o u r b y S i ddh Raj, -

wh o e v en t ri e d to
He n c e du r i n g t h a t k i n g s K u m ar
’
c o m pass h i s de at h re i
.
g n

Pal was o b l ig e d t o l ea d a W an de ri n g life i n t h e g u i se o f an

asc e t i c , a n d su ffe r g re a t p ri v a t i o n s . H e ari n g , W h e n i n M alwa,
o f S i ddh Raj s de at h h e we n t
-
’
di re c t t o A n h i l war, wh e re h i s
m at e rn al u n c le K ah an De v was o
o n e of t h e m i n i s t e rs of the
s t at e . T h e lat t e r re c e i v e d h i m k i n d ly , b u t as t h e lat e k i n g h ad
m a de kno wn h i s wi sh t h a t K u m ar P al s h o u l d -
no t b e h is su c

c esso r, i t was ag re e d t h at t h e a
ppo i n t m en t t o t h e t h ro n e sh o u l d

b e dec i de d b y e l e c t i o n W i t h t h i s o b j ec t an o pe n D arb ar was

.

c o n v e n e d b e fo re wh i c h t h e t h r e e b r o t h e rs a ppe ar e d as c an di
,

dat es . T he m i n i st e rs fi rst se a t e d M ah i P al -
on t h e t h ro n e , b u t
h e was a t o nc e j
re e c t e d o n ac c o u n t of t he e ffe m i n ac
y of h is
dre ss . N ex t Pal was g i v e n t h e r oy a l se a t , a n d ask e d b y
Ki t
r i -

t he no b l e s h o w h e wo u l d g o v e rn t h e e i g h t e e n r e g i o n s l e ft b y h i s
“
i llus t r i o us pre de c e sso r . His re l
py w
I sh al l g o v e r n t h e m s e
as

c o r di n g t o you r c o u n se l a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s T h is s ou n de d t a m e .

K u m ar P al was t h e n
-
e n t h ro n e d an d was as k e d t he sa m e
q u e s

t i o n , wh e re u po n , g t o h is fe e t , h i s e e s fi lle d wi t h m a r t i a l
s t art i n
y
fi re , he h a lf u ns h e a t h e d h i s s wo r d I m m e di a t e ly t h e h a l l ran g
.

wi t h ac c l am at i o ns, t h e n o b le s pro st rat e d t h e m se l ves b e fore h im ,

5
[ PART l C HAP 5
s 0
] 34

and in t h e prese nc e of t h e asse m b le d m u l t i t u de de c l ar e d him

t h e i r c h ose n k i ng . T h u s K u m ar Pal -
asc e n de d t h e t h ro n e o fAn

h il war i n A D . . 1 1 4 3 i n t h e fi ft i e t h y e ar of h is ag e . By su i t ab le

t he re w arde d t h o se wh o h a d h i m i n t h e days
ass i st e d
prese n s

o f h i s di st ress, an d as h i s pri m e m i n ist e r h e appo i n t e d v ag h b hat

De v , so n o f h i s pre de c e sso r s
’
m i n i st e r Uday an M an t ri wh o had
wh i le S i ddh Raj s di spl e as ure
’

always h el p ed h im u n de r - .

H o we v e r U day an M an t ri s
’

g o t h e r so n vall ad, a re a t fav ou rite

o f t h e l at e k i n
g , r e f u s e d t o o b e y h i m , a n d fl e d t o N ag
o r (A j m er ) .

T h e re h e t oo k s e r v i c e u n d e r t h e k i n
g A n ak , g r a n ds o n o f V i sa l

De v , an d i n du c e d h i m t o at t em pt an i n v as i o n j
o f G u a rat . I n t el

l i g en c e of t h i s du ly r e ac h e d K u m ar Pal , an d h i s spi es i n fo rm ed -

h i m fu rt h e r t h a t t h e k i n g o f M al wa was al so pre par i n g t o

K u m ar Pal s si t u at i o n was, t h i s t i m e,
’
i n v ade t h e c o u n t ry .
-
at

so m e wh at c ri t i c al, fo r, b e s i de s t h e se t wo po we rfu l e n e m ies,

t h ere we re so m e disaffe c t e d n o b l e s i n h i s o wn se rv i c e He, .

h o we v e r, m ade arran g e m e n t s fo r pre v e n t i n g i n t e rn al ou t

b reak s de spat c h e d t wo
,
of h i s g e n e ral s wi t h an arm y to st o p t h e

ro re ss o f t h e
p g M al wak in g d h i m se lf m arc h e d ag a i n st N agor
,
an .

I n t h e b a t t le t h a t e n su e d b e t wee n t h e t wo arm i e s, K u m ar Pal -

g re adi st i n g u ish e d h i m se lf b y h is v alo u r an d prese n c e of

t ly
m i n d O b se rv i ng t h at t h ro u g h t h e i n t ri g u e s o f Vah ad so m e of
.

h i s t ro o ps we re ab o u t t o de se r t , K u m ar Pal pro m pt ly o rdered

-

h is M ah av at ( el e ph an t dr i v e r -
) t o u r g e t h e e l e ph a n t t o t he

spo t wh e re t h e k i n g o f N ag o r was s t an di n g T h e dri v e r o b e y ed, .

wh e n t h e dese r t e r v ah ad r u sh e d b e t wee n t h e t wo k i n g s and, ,

wi t h a v i e w t o k ill K u m ar Pal t ri e d t o st e p fro m h i s o wn -

,

e l e ph an t o n t o t h e h e ad o f t h a t wh i c h b o re t h e G uj arat k i n
g .

T h e M ah av at h o we v e r i m m e di at e ly fo rc e d h i s e l e ph an t b ac k
, ,

wi t h h i s g o ad an d t h u s v ali a d fe ll t o t h e g ro u n d a n d was
, ,

se i z e d b y t h e Guj arat fo o t so l di e rs . K u mar P al t h e n

-
a d v an c e d

t o wards A nak , an d, wo u n di n g h i m wi t h an arro w b ro ug h t h im

,

t o th e grou nd . T h K m a Pal g ai ned a c om plete Vic t ory

‘
u s u r-
.
 35

Anal: ha d t o for par do n , whi c h was g ran t e d o n c o ndi t io n

su e

o f h i s prese n t i ng a l a rg e n u m b e r o f e l e h an t s an d h o rse s, an d
.

p
g i vi n g h i s da u h t er i n m arr i a e t o K u m ar Pal
g g ( A D 1 1 6 7 -
. .

v ah ad was a so su b se q u e nt
l ly pardo ne d
:
a nd t ak e n i n t o se r v ic e

b y K u m ar P al -
.

A ft e r t h i s, t h e k i n g . re c e i v e d t i di n g s t h a t t h e t wo g en e rals

wh o m h e h a d s e n t a g a i n st t h e k ing M alwa h ad g o n e o v e r
of

t o t h at k in g . A c c o r d i n g ly , i m m e di a t el y aft e r t h e m ar ri ag e
wi t h t h e N ag o r k i n g da u g h t e r was
’
c e re m o ny s c o m ple t e d,

K u m ar Pal m ar c h e d i n pe r so n a
g a i ns t t h e M al wak i n g de fe a t e d ,

h im , and dro v e h i m b ac k t o h i s c o u n t ry . He t h en se n t in the

sa m e y e a r a n a r m y i n t o t h e K o n k an u n de r o n e o f h i s g e n e rals,
wh o de fea t e d a n d sl e w t h e k i n g o f t h a t di s t ri c t an d pr o c l ai m e d
K u m ar Pal s au t h o r i t it
’

y o v er
-
.

In c i v il m a t t e rs , K u m ar Pal was -
j u st , re l i g i o u s an d b en e
v o le n t . Li k e h is pre de c e sso r , h e was fo n d o f a rc h i t e c t u re , an d
u n de r t h e a d v i c e o f a c e le b ra t e d J a i n m o n k n a m e d H e m a ,

‘
c h ary n, he r e s t o re d t he ru i ne d t e m pl e of S o m n at h , l
-'
a n d a lso

e r ec t e d n e w sh r i n e s a t D i l wara C a m b ay ,
an d Dh a n du k a . In
lat e r y ea rs h e a b s t a i n e d i n a c c o rda n c e wi t h H e m ac h ary a s
’
,

ad v i c e fro m t h e u se o f a n i m a l fo o d a n d s pi r i t u o u s dr i n k s an d
, ,

t ri e d t o pre v e n t , as m uch as po ss i b l e , the sl a u g h t e r o f a n i m a l s

t h ro u g h o u t h i s t e rr i t o ry . H e was i n dee d o ne of t h e m o st
v al i an t s o l di e rs o f h is t i m e , an d
pro v ed h i m se lf, b o t h b y h is
wisdo m an d h is v a l o u r, a wo rt h y su c c e sso r o f Si ddh R aj -
. T he

He m ac h arya was b o rn at Dh an du k a, of M o dh W an i a pare n ts ,

A t t his plac e t h e k i ng K u m ar -
P al, wh ile on h i s way t o Sat ru njaya on

pilg ri m ag ,
e e re c t e d a t e m pl e c al le d t h e C radl e -V i har.

1 '
A c c o rdi g t o
p i i n s c ri pt i o n i n t h e
a r t e m pl e of Bh adra K ali at De v
Pat na, q u ot e d i n t h e at . M ala, V alab h i ye ar 8 5 0 ( wh i c h c o rrespo n ds wi t h
Viki e m S am vat 1 2 2 5 or A D 1 1 8 9 ) is t h e year o f t h e sai d rest o rat ion
- . . .
[ PART I . C RAP . 5 0] 36

fol lo wi ng i nsc ript i on dat e d A D . . 1 1 51 , e n grav e d on t h e La

k h an M an di r Ch i to r i n T o d s W est e rn I n dia,
’ ’
s at , an d
q u o t e d
fro m i t i n Fo rb es Ras M ela sh e ws t he h i g h in
’
an d ,
res
pe c t
wh i c h h e was h e ld e v e n i n c o u n t r i e s no t u n de r h i s di rec t ru le .

W h at was h e l i k e wh o b y t h e st re ng t h o f h i s i n v in
, ,

c i b l e m i n d c ru sh e d al l h i s fo e s wh o se c o m m an ds t h e o t h er
, ,

so v e re i ns o f t he e ar t h
l d n t h e i r fo re h e ads , wh o c o m
g p a c e o

pe l le d t h e Lo rd o f Sak am b h a r i t o b o w a t h is fe e t , wh o i n

pe rso n c arr i e d h is arm i e s t o S h i v a Lo k , m ak i n g t h e m o u n t ain

l o rds b o w b e fo re h i m e v en in t h e c it y of Salpu ra
[u m 1 . c an . 38 .

an d t h e k i n g do m of Guj arat de v o l v ed o f ri g h t on the afo resai d

Bh i m De v wh o was de st i n e d t o b e t h e last
- of the S o la n k i
k i n gs . H e was b ra v e , b u t wan t i ng i n pru de n c e, an d h e n c e h e
c am e to “
b e po pu l a rly c a l le d Bh i m Bh o l o , t h at is Bh i m t h e

S i m ple . A ft e r h e c am e t o t h e t h ro n e h e was i n v o l v e d i n c on

t i n u al wars , so m e o f wh i c h we re t h e o u t c o m e of h is o wn s t u b
b or n n e ss ,
and t h o u g h , t h ro u g h h i s v a l o u r an d ac t i v i t y , he

g e n e ra l ly g aine d t h e day , st i ll t h e se c o n fl ic t s t en de d t o we ak en

h is o wn an d t h e nei
g h b o u ri n
g H i n du k i n g do m s . U n i t e d; t h e y
m i g h t pe r h a ps h a v e b e e n ab le t o wi t h s t an d fo r e i g n fo e , b u t ~

d i v i de d as t h e y we re am on
g st t h e m se l v es t h e y we re u n ab l e to
fac e t h e i r c o m m on e ne m y , an d fe ll o n e aft e r t he o t he r b e fo re
t h e M u h a m m adan i n v a de rs .

T he ru l e r o f A b u , by n am e J e t sh i P arm ti r, h ad a dau gh t er
I c h an i K u m ari wh o se b e au t y was far fa m e d, an d Bh i m De v , b e i ng - -

de si ro u s of m arry i n g h e r, se n t an a m b assado r t o t h e Parm ar

RAja wi t h fo r h i s dau g h t e r s h an d I t h appe n e d h o w
’
a re q u e s t .

e v e r, t h at I c h an i h a d, sh o r t ly b e fo r e t h i s, b ee n b e t ro t h e d t o
P ri t h v i R aj -
S( n of t h e C h o h an k i n g So m e sh war of Ajm er,
an d h e r fat h e r c ou ld n o t wi t h pro pri e t y b re ak o ff t h e e n g ag e
m en t . M o re o v e r Bh i m -
De v l i k e K u m ar P al o b se rv e d t h e
,
-
,

Jai n r e l i g i o n , an d t h i s was an o t h e r reaso n fo r re l u c t anc e o n the

part o f the ru l e r o f A b u , wh o ac c o rdi n g ly ex pr e sse d h i s i nab ili t y

to c om l
py wi t h t h e r eq u e s t t h at h a d b ee n m ade .

W h en Bh i m De v b assado r
’
-
s am c o n v ey e d t h is re ply t o h im
h e was m u c h e n ra
g e d, an d, de c lari n g war wi t h A b u , su m m o n e d

h i s t ri b u t ari e s a n d v assal s to j oin h im . Bh i m De v t h en l e ft

-

fo r A b u wi t h a
p werofu l ar m y T h e P ar m ar .
, on t h e o t h e r h an d,

0 T he re al m e ani ng of t h e wo rd Bh o lo is a s im pl e t o n, o n e . wh o
c an be e asi ly dec e i v e d or
pre v ai l e d u o n
p t o b e li e v b H pnc dy .

the appe ll at i o n Bh ol o do e s n ot appear v ery appli c ab le t o Bhim -Dev, g

who was, on t he c ont rary, h e adst ro ng an d u nyi eld i ng .

 ’

39

was ai de d b y t h e Ajm er Ch o h ti n Pri t h v i QRaj and t he , c on t est

b e t we e n t h e o ppos ing arm i es rag e d for se v e ra l day s A t l e ng t h .

t h e C h o h an an d t h e Par m ar r e t re a t e d, a n d Bh i m De v t oo k t h e -

fo rt on the su m m i t o f M ou n t Ab u ab o u t A . D . 1 1 90

A b o u t t h is t i m e a c om m on e n em y, Sh i h ab -
ud -
di n G h o r i ,

was t h re a t e n i n g to a ss a i l t h e b e ll i g e r e n t s, an d t h e r e fo re se v e r al

o f Bh i m De v c h i e ft a i n s a d v i se d h im t o b e wi t h t h e
’
-
s c on t ent

v ic to r h e h ad a l r e a dy ai n e d c o n di t i o n o f t h e P a r m ar -

y g on

g i v in
g up h i s dau g h t e r . T h ey al so p ro
p o se d t h at , i n s t e ad of

we ak e n ing an d t ry i n g t o ru i n e ac h o t h e r, t h ey sh o u l d u n it e

t h e i r fo rc es a
g a in s t t h e M l e c h h as (M u h a m m a dan s) . Bu t Bh i m
i n h is arr o g an c e wou ld n ot l i st e n t o t h e i r so b e r a d v i c e , a n d sa i d

t h a t h e wo u l d m arc h g a ai n st t h e Gh o ri a ft e r h e h a d s t r i ppe d
th e C h o h an c h i e f o f al l h i s po ssess i o n s . To e ffe c t t h is pu rpo se

he a t t ac k e d t h e C h o h an , wh o h o we v e r, b y ,
a su dde n n i
g h t at

t ac k le d b y h i s fa v o u r i t e b ar d C h an d, su c c e e de d in r e pu l s i n g
'

Bh i m wi t h g re a t l o ss So . c o m pl e t e was t h e c o n fu s 1 o n t h at t h e
Gujarat t ro o ps fa i l i n g t o ,
re c o
g n iz e fr i e n d fro m fo e , c am e in t o
c o n fl ic t a m o n g s t t h e m se l v e s . Bh i m Bh o l o , h o we v e r, fo u g h t de
spe ra te ly t i l l h i s s wo rd Was b ro k e n an d h is e le
ph an t k i ll e d, b u t

at l e n g t h h e was c o m pe ll e d to r e t re a t . P ro v i de n c e t h u s c u rb e d

P ri t h v i Raj,
’
Bh i m Bh o lo s pr i de , an d ~
a ft e r k e e pi n g a fo rc e t o
wat c h h i s m o v e m e n t s, a dv an c e d wi t h t h e m a i n ar m y a
g a i n st

Shi h db -
u d- di n M u h am m ad G h o ri , wh o m a l so he su c c e e de d in
defe at i n g (A . D .

T h u s Bh i m t h e Bh o l o b y h i s o b st i nac y i n disre g a rdi ng t h e

,

ad v ic e o f h i s fri e n ds, l o st e v e n t h e a d v a n t a e h e h a d ai n ed
g g
b y h is pre v i o u s v i c t o ry a t Ab u .

T h i s de feat was st il l ran k l i n g i n Bh i m

’
s m i n d, wh e n ah

othe r i nc i de n t o c c u r re d wh i c h i n c re ase d h i s rag e ag ai n s t an d ,

hat re d o f, t h e C h o h an . H i s u n c l e Sé ran g De v h a d le ft se v e n -

sons, wh o , for som e u nk no wn re aso n, h ad g o ne i n t o o u t la wry

[ u m I . c an . 40

ag ai n st Bh i m -De v . T h ey re m o v ed t o t h e m ou nt ai ns of S orat h,
fro m wh e n c e t h ey b eg an pl u n de ri n g t rav el le rs an d o t h e rs, and
b e c am e a t le n g t h so po we rfu l t h at Bh i m was o b li g e d t o l ead
an e x pe di t i o n ag a i n s t O n e day wh i l e h i s e l e ph an t was
t h em .

b a t hi n g i n . a ri v e r t h e
y k i ll e d b o t h i t a n d i t s dr i v e r ,
w h e re

u po n B hi m de c l are d t h a t h e wo u l d n o t rest c o n t e n t t i l l h e h ad
av e n
g e d t h e i ns u l t i n t h e i r b lo o d . T e rri fi e d at t h i s t h re at , t h e
se v e n b ro t h e rs t o o k r e fu
g e wi t h t h e C h o h an of Aj m er, wh o
g l a dly t oo k t h e m u n de r h i s pro t e c t i o n , an d g a v e t h e m l an ds
fo r s u b s is t e n c e . H o we v e r i t so h appe n e d t h at o n e day as t he
C h o h an k i n g S o m esh war s Pr i t h v i Raj s e at e d in
’
so n -
W as

D a r b ar , su rr o u n de d b y h is c o u r t i e rs, am o n g wh o m was h is
u n c le K un the , se v e n b ro t h e rs pre se n t e d t h e m sel v es T h ey .

du ly m ade t h e i r o b e i s a n c e a n d t o o k t h e i r se a t s
, I n t h e c on .

v e rsa t i o n t hat e n su e d, a pr om i n e n t t o pi c was t h e M a h ab harat

in wh i c h t he warl i k e de e ds o f t h e C h o h ans a r e re l a t e d . Aa t b e
re c i t a l p ro c e e de d, one of t he u n fo rt u n a t e se v e n b ro t h e rs, a

n o b le y ou th, h a ppe n e d t o t wi rl t h e e n ds o f h i s m u s t a c h e , m o st

p ro b a b ly m ea n i n g n o t h i n g by t he ac t i o n . I t was h o we v e r
i n su l t b y K u n wh o at o n c e u n sh e a t h e d h i s
c o n s t ru e d as a n ,

s wo r d an d c u t t h e y o u n g m a n i n t wo T h e re m ai n i n g b r o t h e rs
, .

an d t h e i r fo llo we rs i m m e di a t e ly a t t ac k e d t he assa i l a n t , b u t,
b e i n g g re a t ly o u t n u m b e re d t h e y we re so o n o v e rpo we re d an d
,

s la i n .P r i t h v i Raj was m u c h di spl e ase d at t h i s o c c u rre n c e, b u t

-

a t t h e t i m e c o u l d do n o t h i n g t o pre v e n t i t .

The ne ws o f t h e m u rde r of h is s e v e n c o u si n s so o n r e ac h e d

Bh i m De v -
, wh o o win g t o t he a
ppr o ac h o f t h e m o n so o n , c o u ld

n o t at o n c e a d v an c e t o t ak e re v e n g e . H e h o we v e r m arc h e d

wi t h a po we rfu l a rm
y at the e arl i e s t o
ppo r t u n i t y, an d e n t e r e d
t h e Aj m e r c o u n t ry . S o m esh war l e ft h is so n P ri t h v i -
Ra j at

D elh i ,
an d h i m s el f m arc h e d ag a i n s t t h e i n v ade r . Afi e rc e h an d
t o h an d fi g h t e nsu e d, i n wh i c h m any b rav e warri ors were
 41 Barn Dav -
H
k i ll e d an d am o n gst t h e m S o m esh war h i m se lf T h e Gujarat k i ng .

ac c o rdi n g ly re t u rne d v i c t o ri o u s t o h is c api t al .

S o m e sh war s so n P ri t h v i Raj w asc en de d t h e t h ro n e an d

’
-
no ,

aft e r f m m t h o b se q u i es o f h i s fat h e r an d i v in l arg e

pe r o r g e g g
g i ft s t o Brah m an s an d do n at i o n s t o r e li
g i o u s pl ac es,
h e m a rc h e d
G uj arat t o fat h e r s de at h I n du e t i m e
’
ag a i n s t re v e n g e h is .

Pri t h v i Raj De v t e rr i t o ry a n d se n t fo r ward

’
-
e n t ere d Bh i m -
s

C h an d h i s fa v o u r i t e b ard t o i n fo rm Bh i m De v t h a t h e wo u ld -

not wi t h dra w t i l l v en
g e an c e h ad b e e n t ak e n C h an d t o o k wi t h
.

h im a net, l adde r, a spa de , a l am p an e l e ph a n t o d an d a

a , g a

t ride n t . A s i ll u st rat i n g t h e fr ee do m of spee c h j

e n o y ed in
t h os eday s b y Bards o n t h e o c c as i o n o f t h e i r c o n v ey i n g
‘

m ess ag es t o ri v al k i n g s, t h e fo ll o wi n g i n t e re st i n g ac c o u n t of

t he c o n v e rsat i o n b e t wee n C h an d an d B h i m De v -
i s gi v e n
fro m t he l ids M ala O n C h an d s D arbar
’
. e n t e ri n g t he
an d a n nou n c i n
g t h e a rr i v al o f P r it h v i Raj Bh i m
-
, as k e d t he
b ar d t o de c l are t h e m e an in g of t he s t ran g e em b l e m s h e h ad
b ro u g h t . C h an d fe arle ssly re
pli e d t h a t sh o u l d Bh i m se e k

esc a pe b y wa t e r t h e not wo u l d c at c h h i m , sh o u l d h e fl y t h ro u g h
t he ai r t h e ladde r wo u l d re ac h h i m , sh ou l d h e en t er t h e de pt h s
of t he e art h t he s pa de wo u l d disc l o se h i m , a n d sh o u l d he se e k

t he re fu g e of dark n e ss t h e l am p wo u l d re v e al h im . T h e g o ad
wo u ld b ri ng h i m t o j
su b e c t i o n a n d t h e t r i de n t was dest i n e d t o
k i ll h i m . Bh i m h e ar d al l t h is pa t i e n t ly an d c o n t e n t e d h i m se l f
wit h ad v is i n g t h e b a rd t o b e m o re m o de st i n h i s u t t e ran c e s, an d

to re fl e c t o n wh a t h e , as k i n g h ad b ee n
, ab l e to ac c o m pl i sh in
t h e war wi t h P r it h v i t j s fa t h e r C h an d t h e re u po n re pl i e d t h a t
’
-
.

s m o u se pe rc h a n c e m i g h t o v e rc o m e a e a t , a v u l t u re m i g h t prey
u po n a s wan , a de e r m i g h t pre v ai l o v e r a l i o n o r a fro g m i g h t c h as e ,

a way a sn ak e, b u t su c h t h i n g s h ap e n e d o n ly b y so m e st ran e
p g
frea k of fo rt u n e .
Bh i m D e v w
-
as n a t u ral ly i n c e n se d a t h e ari n g
su c h i ns u l t i ng wo rds, b u t , g t h e r es e c t du e t o a b ard
o b ser v i n
p
messeng e r, m ere ly re m ark ed t h at h e m ig h t please h i m se lf b y
6
[ PART 1 c an
. . 42

fi g h t i n g wi t h wo rds,an d de si re d h i m t o t e l l P ri t h i R a
v -
j t h a t n one

b u t a c o ward wo u ld fe ar h i s t h reat s C h an d t h e n . re t u rn e d and

i n fo rm e d h is k i n g o f wh at h ad passe d wh e re u po n P ri t h v i Raj ,
-

pr e pa r e d fo r b a t t l e . In t im e b o t h t h e a rm i e s c a m e i n s i g h t of
e ac h o t h e r, a n d a fi e rc e c o n t e s t t o o k pl ac e , i n wh i c h , ac c o rdi ng
to Bh i m De v fe l l despe rat e ly fi g h t in g T h o u g h t h is
o n e ac c o u n t , -
.

v e rsi o n m ay n o t b e a l t o g e t h e r c o rr e c t i t i s c e rt a i n h e s u s t a i ned ,

a se v e re de fe a t T h u s e n de d t h e fe u d b e t we e n t wo o f t h e m ost
.

po we rfu l H i n du m o n a rc h s wi t h o u t b ri n g i n g an y su b st a n t i al ad
v an t a
g e to e i t h e r, t h o u g h g r e a t ly we ak e n i n g b o t h , an d t h at , at a

t im e o f spe c i a l dan g e r fro m t h e i r c o m m on foe .

I t m ay pe rh a ps b e c o n si de re d fo re i g n t o t h e h i s t o ry of
G ujarat t o de sc r i b e wh a t h appe n e d a t t h is t i m e i n t h e n o rt h
of I n di a , but as t h o se e v ent s fac i l i t at e d t h e M u h am m adan
i n v asi o n of t h a t pro v i n c e , i t se e m s a d v i sab l e b rie fl y t o allu de
t o t h e m h e re . T h o u g h we ak e n e d b y c o n st an t W arfa r e , Pr i t h v i
R aj t h e C h o h an was ab l e , as al r e a dy s t at e d, c re di t ab l y to
su s t ai n the fi rs t a t t a c k m a de i n A . D . 1 1 9 1 b y S h i h ab -
ud -
din
G h o r i, wh o m h e e n g ag e d b e t we e n T h an e sh wa r an d K arn al
an d c omp l e t e ly de fe at e d T w o
y e a rs l a t e r , i n.A D 1 1 9 3 . .
,

h o we v e r, t h e a t t ac k was re n e we d A ft e r a pro l o n g e d c o n t e st .

on t h e b an k s of t h e S arasv a t i , t h e H i n du s we re c om
pl e t e ly
ex h au st e d , wh e n , u nex pe c t e dl y, a r e se r v e b o dy o f fresh

c av al ry , 1 2 000 s t r o n g an d c lad in s t e e l arm o u r, a d

ppe a r e as re

i n fo rc e m e n t s fo r t h e en e m y . T h e H i n du s we re u n ab l e to wi t h
st an d t h e ir o n s e t , an d i n t h e fl i g h t m an y of t h e i r b est g e n e rals

we re slai n . Pri t h v i R aj h i m se lf was

-
c apt u re d, a n d c r u e lly pu t
t o de a t h . The e n em y t h e n t o o k po ssessi o n of Aj m e r, an d t he
fo l l o wi n g y e ar a ft er K an auj an d o t h e r pl ac e s h ad b e en t ak e n,
,

K u t b u d di n wh o m Sh i hab u d di n h ad l e ft as h i s l i eu t e nant ,
- -
,
- -

i n v ade d a n d c o n q u e re d Guj a rat A . D 1 1 94

. Befo re re t u rn i ng

to Delh i , b e appo i n t e d a De pu t y Go v e rn o r fo r t h e pro v i nc e, b ut

-
 43 B u m Dav I I -
.

t hi s o fli c e r was u n ab l e t o m ai n t ai n h i s h o l d o f t h e n ewly ac q u i re d

t e rr i t o ry . U l t i m a t e ly B h i m De v -
s u c c e e de d in re g ai n i n
g po s
\

sess i o n o f A n h il war wh i c h t o wn h e h e l d
,
u n t il h is deat h , wh i c h
t o o k pl ac e , ac c o r di n g t o so m e wr i t e rs, i n A D 1 2 1 5 , an d ao . .

c o r di n g t o o t h e rs, i n A D 1 2 4 2 I t i s n o t c l e ar wh e t h e r t h e r e
. . .

a ft e rGuj a r at passe d a t o n c e i n t o t h e h an ds o f t h e v ag h e l as, o r

wh e t h e r t h e re we r e a n y l a t e r ru l e rs o f t h e So l an k i dy n ast y .

Th is m u c h is c e rt ai n, h o we v e r, t h a t t h e g l o ry of t h at dy n ast y
an d o f i ts k i n g do m passe d a way wi t h Bh i m De v -
.

A u t h o rs d i fi e r a lso i n t h e ir s t at e m e n t s b oth as to the n am e

s su c c esso r, a n d as t o t h e le n g t h of h is T he
’
of Bh i m re i
g n .

M i rat i Ah m adi m
- -
e n t io n s o n e Lak h u m al -
De v ,
an d
g i v es t h e

pe ri o d o f h is re i g n as t we n t y y e ars, an d a dds t h at as Lak h u

m a l De v
-
h ad no c h i ld fi t fo r t h e so v e ri
g nt
y ,
i t b e c am e t h e

p p y
ro e r t o f t h e Vag h e las F ro m l a t e r r ese a rc h e s h o we v er
o f Bh i m t o b e T r i b h o wan Pal
’
t he n am e s su c c e sso r appe ars -
.

T h e t ab l e g i v e n i n A ppe n di x D h as b e e n dra wn u p aft e r

re fe re n c e t o se v e ral a u t h o r i t i es a n d o t h e r a v a i l ab l e s o u rc e s

o f i n fo rm at i o n , a n d i n di c at e s, i t i s h o pe d as c o rre c t ly as i s no w
,

s i b le , the n am e a n d pe r i o d o f t h e r e i n o f e ac h k i n f t h e
po s g g o

So la n k i dy n as t y .

T h e c o pp p l a t e m
er e n t i o n e d i n A pp e n d i x D w a s e n
g r a v e d

du ri n g t h e l i fe t i m e o f B h i m D e v I I a n d t h u s n a t u ra l
- ly s u p ,

Mr Fo rb e s
’

l i e s n o i n fo r m at i o n as t o t h at k in g s s u c c e sso r
p
. .

m e n t i o ns A D 1215
. t h e y e ar i n
. as wh i c h B h i m De v di e d
Bu t -
.

t h is is c t d i t d b h i m s e lf w h e n h e m e n t i o n s t h a t k i n
g
o n ra c e y
as t h e c o n t e m po r a r
y o f a c e r t a i n A b u C h i e f i n A D 1 2 3 1 I n . . .

w C l i B l
'

t h e fo ot n o t e g ei 3 4 o f S i r E d a r d v e a
y e y s
v n o n pa g e
‘
-

His t o ry of G uj arat ,
Bh i m De v -
is sa i d t o h av e r e ig n e d fro m
'
1 1 78 t o 1 2 4 1 A D , wh i c h pe r i o d
. . n e a r ly c o rre s po n ds wi t h a

st at e m e n t in M r M ah i pat ram
.
’
s Sh o r t v ern ac u lar Hi st o ry o f
[pu rr 1. cm . 44

Gujarat wh e re A D . . i s g i v en as t h e y ear of t he
c lose s re i g n T he lat t e r au t h o r st at e s t h a t Bh i m Dev
’
o f Bh i m .
-

was su c c e e ded o n t h e t h ro n e b y T ri b h o wan Pal wh o re ig ned -

fro m 1 2 4 2 t o 1 2 4 4 , a n d a lso m e n t io n s t h a t i n A D 1 2 2 4 a . .

S o lank i c h ief na m e d J ay an t S i n g h h ad t ak en A nh i l war, b u t

-

t h at Bh i m ex pe l l e d h i m fou r y ears lat e r .

I f, t h e n , we c o n si de r Bh i m De v I I -
. t o h av e v ac at e d t he
t h ro n e i n A . D . 1 2 1 5 , t h e pe ri o d o f t h e So lan k i dy n as t y reac h es

t o 2 73 y e a rs, b u t i f, on the o t h er b an d, i t ex t e n ds t o t h e fu rt h er
l i m i t , A D 1 2 4 4 t h e So lan k i dy n ast y m u st h av e las t e d fo r 302
. .
,

y e ar s ( A D 9
. 4 2 — 1 2.4 4

it T h is y e ar re l i ab l e as
'

appe ars m o re eu i n sc ript i o n dat e d Vi k ram

S am wat 1 2 9 0 A D 1 2 34
. . on t h e M ah a De v t e m l e
-
p at M i ani m e nt i ons
t
Bh i m - Dev as t h e t h en rei gn i ng k i ng , S ee Bh av n agar P rac h in Sh odh
sangrah b y M r. Vajesh ankar Gavri sh ank ar
 46 VA '
GHELA
'
D vm srr .

a ppe a r
g en e ra ll
y t o h av e b e e n su b o rdi nat e t o t h e An h il war k i ngs .

T he ru le o f o n e K al i an rai, a D as a Lad v an i a dese rv e s h o we v er ,

a pas s i n
g no t ic e . It a
ppe ar s t h at so m e o f t he Parsi s wh o h ad
se t t l e d a t Sanj an we re a t t rac t e d t o C a m b ay b e t w e en 9 42 — 9 97
A D , in . c o nse q u e n c e o f i t s fl o u rish i n g t rade , an d t h es e i n t i m e

b e c am e so n u m e ro u s a n d i m po r t an t a c l ass t h a t t h e y wer e ab le

to c om pe l t h e H i n du i n h ab i t a n t s t o rem o v e fro m C a m b ay .

T h e Pars is t h u s re m a i n e d i n po ssessi o n of t h e t o wn fo r so m e

t im e . K al ian ra i , i les h o we v e r b y t radi n g i n pearls

o n e o f t h e ex , ,

i n S u rat , or m o re prab a b l
y S a u ras h t ra, am asse d a l ar e fo rt u ne
g
wh i c h e n ab l e d h im to o b t ain the ass i st a n c e o f a n u m b e r of

R ajpu t s an d K o l i s, wh o a t t ac k e d th e Parsi s at n i g h t , a n d, pu t
t i n g m o st of t h em t o t h e s wo rd b u rn t t h e i r h o u ses
, . K al i anrai
t h en se e m s t o h av e assu m e d t h e g o v e r n m e n t h i m se lf an d t o h av e
ru l e d wi t h H e i n c re as e d t h e pro spe ri t y o f t he
m o de ra t i o n .

t o wn v e ry m u c h b y fo s t e ri n g t rade an d i s sai d t o h a v e b u ilt ,

t h e t o wn wall wi t h i t s se v e n g a t es a n d sally po rt s, t h e M adu la

- -

t ank an d o t h e r b u i l di n g s . T h e peri o d du ri n g wh i c h t h i s t o ok
C apt ai n R o b e r t so n s R epo r t , N o
’
l ac e i s n o t m e n t io n e d i n
p .

XXVI o f Se le c t i ons fro m t h e R ec o rds of t h e Bo m b ay G ov ern

m en t ( ne w se r i e s ) b u t i t ,
se e m s l i k e ly t h a t t h e e v ents h ere
m en t i o n e d o c c u re d du ri n g t h e dec l i n e of t h e S o l an k i dy n ast y,
an d V i r Dh a v al m ay h av e b e e n t h e c h i ef of t h e R ajq and

K o l is wi t h wh o se assi st an c e K al ian rai dro v e a way t h e Parsis

’
fro m C am b ay I n t h e M i rat i A h m adi
.
- -
( B i r d s t ransl a t i o n , p g
a e

3 66 m e n t i o n i s h o we v e r m a de o f Say y i d u d dau l a t , a se r van t

- -

of K al ian rai h a v i n g , c o ll e c t e d t ro o ps an d se i z e d C am b ay du ring

wh i c h fo llo we d t h e re v o l t of M u z afl ar I II
'

the c o n fu s i o n .

D t h e pe r i o d o f K al ian rai
’

( A . . 1 583 I f t h is b e c o rr e c t , s en

t e rpr i se fal ls i n t h e si x t e e n t h c e n t u l y .

V i r Dh av al s so n , V i sal Dé v s u c c e e de d h im at Db o l k a o n h i s
’
-
,
‘
de at h i n A D 1 2 4 2 . . . He i s sa i d t o h a v e m ade an ex pe di t i o n

ag ai nst An h il war Pat an i n A D 1 2 4 4 , . . an d ann ex e d i t t o h is

[PART L em . 47

do m i n i o ns .
’
H e h as t h e re fo re b e e n
, , c o n si de r e d as the fi rst k i ng
of t h e V ag h el a dy n as t y H e fu rt h e r assu m e d t h e t 1 t l e o f Raj a
.

dh i raj aft e r e x pe l l i n g t h e l as t S o l an k i K i n g T ri b h o wan Pal -

.

V isal De v was , i n de e d, t h e m o st i ll u s t r i o u s k i n g
-
of t h e Va

g b e l a dy n as t y . He s u c c e ss fu l l v c a rr i e d o n a war a
g a i n st the

K i ng of M al wa l a i d t h a t , c o u n t ry wa s t ea n d m a de its ru l e r
p y a

h i m t ri b u t e . H e was a wi de l y k n o wn pa t ro n o f le arn in g a n d ,

m a n y po e t s b e si de s t h e c e l e b ra t e d N an ak b h a t t h e c o u rt po e t-
, ,

fl o u ri s h e d i n h is t i m e . Pe rfo r m i n g a Y aj n a ( sa c r i fi c e at

Da rb h av a t i (D a b h o i ) t h e pl ac e o f h i s b i r t h h e fo rm e d l t h e fo l
’
’ '

l o wi n g b ran c h e s o f t h e N ag ars V i sal n ag ra S h at pa dra(Sa t h o dra ), .

,

K ri s h n apu ra (K ri sh o ra) C h i t rapu ras (C h i t ro das ) , an d P rasn i k as

( Prns n o ra) an d b u i l t b e au t i fu l Brah m -

Po lls fo r t h em . D u ri n g
V i sa l D e v s re i g n t h e re was
’
-
a se v e r e fa m i n e , t h e e v i l e ffe c t s of

wh i c h h e di d h is b es t t o al le v i a t e . He a l so r e
p a i re d t h e t o wn
wa ll o f V isal n ag ar an d t h e fo r t of Dab h o i .

V i sa l D e v was
-
s u c c e e de d o n h is de a t h i n A . D . 1 2 62 b y h i s
so n A rj u n De v wh o se-
n a m e o c c u rs in an i n sc ri pt i o n : da t e d A . D .

1 2 6 4 i n t h e t e m pl e of So m n at h a t Dav Pat an (V i rav al ) S t ran g e

-
.

to say , t h is k in g i s st a t e d t o h a v e h a d t wo M u h am m adan o fl i c e rs

u n de r h i m , b y n am e H o rm az d o f Be la k o l p ro b ab l
y a P e rs i a n

c o n v e r t ) an d K h oj a I b rah i m N ak h o da T h e fo r m e r is sai d t o .

h a v e b u ilt a m o sq u e at V i rav al .

A rj u n De v -
appe ars t o h av e b een s u c eee de d o n h is de a t h i n
A D 1 2 75 b y Saran g De v wh o i s m e n t i o n e d i n
. .
-
an i n sc ri pt i o n
at A bu as t h e k i ng of A n h i l war i n A . D . 1 2 94 . Hi s su c c e sso r

was K ara n Raj a k n o wn b y t h e su rn am e G h el o (m ad) i n wh ose ,

t i m e t h e M u h am m ada n s fi n all
y an n i h i l a t e d H in du ru e l in A m
h il war T h e e v e n t s l e adi n g
. up t o t h is resu l t wi ll b e re l at e d in
t h e fo llo wi n g C h apt e r .

S h o rt H i st o ry of G ujarat , pag e 1 9 .
’
0 V ida M ah ipat ram s

1'
I ndian A b t iq nary, Vo l XI, p g
a e s 9 8 -
1 08 . .

See N o of Bh avnagar Sh odh Sangrah

’

1 . 1 06 ,
 48

C HAPT E R VI I I .

Cl o si ng ye ars of t h e V agh e l a dyn as t y .

F R O M 1 2 9 5 t o 1 3 07 A . D .

F o r a lo n g t im e s u b se q u en t to the de fea t o f Pri t h v i Ra

j of -

D el h i an d the se iz u re of h i s
k i n g do m b y S h i hab u d d i n G h o ri, - -

t he a t t e n t io n o f t he c o n q u ero r a n d h i s su c c esso rs was e n g aged

in c o n so li da t i n g an d e x t e n di n g t h e i r po we r t o t h e n o r t h and
e ast . G uj arat c o n se q u e n t l
y r e m a i n e d u n di st u rb e d I n de e d we .

fi nd i t m e n t io n e d b y t h e g re a t h i st o r i an Fe ri sh t a t h a t , fi fty
ars aft e r t h e de a t h of t he c e l e b ra t e d Bh i m De v , G h iy as ud
y e - -

di n t h e em pe ro r of D e lh i was d b y h i s m i n i st e rs t o
a d v i se

u n de rt a k e an e x pe d i t i o n
g j
a ai n st G u a rat an d M alw a w h i c h h ad ,

b een an n e x e d to the em pi re b
y K u t b -
u d- di n , b u t wh i c h h ad
s i n c e sh ak e n o ff t h e M u h am m a dan y o k e . A t t h a t t i m e h o we v er
t h e re was so m e fe ar of the M u g h al Tat ars i n v adi n g I n di a from
t he n o r t h an d t h i s pre v e n t e d Gh iy as -
ud -
di n fro m t u rn i n g h is
at t e n t io n to j
Gu arat .

I n A D 1 2 9 5 A la u d di n K h i lj 1
. .
,
- -
asc e n de d t h e t h ro n e of

De l h i a ft e r t re ac h e r o u sly m u r de r i n g h i s u n c le Jalal -
ud -
di n .

In 1 2 97 h e se n t a l a rg e arm y u n de r h i s b ro t h e r A l af K h an -
an d

a
g e n e ral n am e d N asru t K h an Jal e sr i t o
-
re c o n q u e r
-
G uj arat .

P lu n de ri n g an d lay i n g wast e t h e c o u n t ry , t he arm

y a ppe ared

b e fo re A n h il war wh e r e Raj a K aran g a v e t h e m b at t le

, Be i ng .

h o we v e r de fe a t e d, h e fl e d t o De v G adh i n t h e D e c c an His -
.

t re as u re , e l e ph a n t s, b ag g ag e an d e v e n h i s wife n am e d K au la
De v 1 , al l fe l l i n t o t h e h a n ds o f t h e v ic t o r . A ft e r t his, C am b ay,
Somn at h a nd S i ddh pu r we re su c c e ssi v e ly pl u n de re d, an d t h e

i do ls i n t h e l ast t wo pl ac e s we re m u t i la t e d T h e t re asu re and

.

w
j e els we re se n t t o D e l h i t o g e t h e r wi t h t h e c apt u re d q u een
K au la D e v i Sh e was a dm i t t e d i n t o t h e e m pe ro r s h are m , and
’
- .
.

so o n b e c am e b y r e as o n o f h e r g re a t b e au t y an d
, ac c o m l ish
p
m e n t s h i s fa v o u ri t e q u e e n .
 49 V a e g nga D rya rr
’ '

s
T h o u g h An h il war an d t he n ei
g h b o u r i n
g di s t ri c t s h ad t h u s

fal len i n t o t h e h an ds of t h e M u h am m a da n s, s t i ll n o t al l t he
c o u n t ry was s u b du e d, an d t h ro u g h t h e s u ppo r t o f t h e Ra a j
of D e v g a dh t h e u n fo rt u n a t e K ara n was a b le t o h o ld ou t in t h e

pas se s a t t he so u t h -
e as t e rn c o rn e r o f G uj a rat . In A D . . 1 3 07
A la u d di n
- -
se n t a n o t h e r ar m
y to c o nqu er t he De c c an u n de r o n e

K afu r , a s la v e wh o h a d b e e n c a pt u re d a t C a m b ay du ri n g i t s
sac k in A . D . 1 2 9 7 b u t wh o h ad s in c e b een r a i se d to h igh
ran k . I t was at t h is t im e t h at t h e i l l fa t e d K ara n Ra as
-
j ’

fu r t h e r m is fo r t u n eg b e g an t h ro u g h t h e se lfi sh de v i c es o f h i s
o wn wi fe K au la D e v i S h e re pre se n t e d t o A la u d di n t h at
-
.
- -

sh e h a d t wo dau g h t e rs b y h e r fo r m e r h u sb an d t h a t t h e e l de r ,

g i r l h a d d i e d, b u t t h a t t h e y o u n
g e r n a m e d D e wa l D e v i ,
wh o ,
-

wa s yo nl
fo u r
y e a r s o f a
g e w h e n se pa ra t e d fr o m h e r wa s s t i ll ,

li v i n g K a u la D e v i t h e re fo re b e g g e d o f t h e e m pe ro r t o o b t a i n
.
-

h e r i n o rde r t h a t sh e m i g h t h a v e t h e sat isfac t i o n o f ag a i n

,

m ee t i ng h e r c hi ld . In c o m pli a n c e wi t h t h i s re q u es t , t he em

pe ro t c o m m a n de d K afu r t o ob t ai n D e wal D e v i -
, an d to se n d h er
to D e l h i wi t h e v e ry m a r k o f r e s pe c t . A l af K h an t h e G o v e rn o r
-

of G uj a rat a l sd rec e i v e d o r de rs to c c -
o pe ra t e wi t h K afu r . T he
la t t e r enc a m pe d at S u l t an pu r , a n d s e n t o r de rs t o K are n Ra a, j
in h is re t i r e m e n t in Ba g ian a ,
to de li v e r up D e wa l D e v i -
.

K a ra n Raj a h o we v e r wo u l d n o t su b m it to su c h a dish o n ou r,
an d ac c o rdi n g ly re fu se d to o b ey the o rde r . K afu r t h en

m a rc h e d t o wa rds t h e De c c a n ,
an d t h e di fi c u lt t as k of ob t ain i ng

De v a l D e v i-
al i v e fe ll t o A la f K h an -
. He ac c o rd i n g ly le d h is

ar m
y t h ro u g h t h e m o u n t a i n s of Bag lan a b u t K a ra n
,
o ppo s e d

h im , an d, fi g h t i n g de s pe ra t e ly fo r t wo m o n t h s fo i le d h i m i n ,

a ll h is a t te m pt s t o fo rc e a passag e I n t h e m e an t im e i n t h e
.

h o pe of i n du c in g t h e M u h a m m ada n s t o de s pa i r of o b ta in i n
g

De wa l D e v i -
, K are n Raj a r e a d i ly c o n se n t e d to h e r m a rr i a g e

W it h t h e Hin du Princ e of De v g adh , t h ou gh u nde r o rdi n ary

7
[ P m L aw . a] 56

c i rc u m st an c e s t h i s m at c h wo u ld no t h av e b ee n c o ns1 dered

des i rab le W h i le t h e pri n c ess was b e i n g t ak en t o t h at fort a

.
,

p y
ar t o f A l af K h an s so ldi-
e rs wh o h ad
’
se t o ff t o e x p
,l o re t he

wo n de rs o f E llo ra ac c ide n t a l ly m e t so m e D e v g adh h o rse m en

, .

an d a s k i rm i sh e n su e d, i n wh ic h t h e h o rse t h at c arr i e d D e val

D e v i was wou n de d b y a n arro w , an d t h e pr i n c ess fe ll t o t he

nd A b lo w fro m o ne o f t he e n e m y s so ldi e rs wo u ld h ave

’

g ro u .

sa v e d t h e h o no u r of t h e Vag h e la fa m ily , b u t t h e c ri e s o f D ev al
D e v i s fe m al e
'
a t t e n dan t s c au se d t h e m to re c o n i se t h e pr o st rate
g
fi g u re , an d t h e y g l adly t o o k h e r o ff to A laf K h an -
. T h e lat ter
k n e w we ll t h e i n fl u e n c e wh ic h K au la D e v i -
e x e rc i se d o v e r t he
em pe ro r, a n d, t h e re fo re , t re at i n g t h e pri n c e ss wi t h du e r e spec t,

h e t o o k h e r t o D e lh i wh e re , sh e s o o n fo u n d h e rse lf i n t h e arms

of h e r fo n d m o t h e r I n t i m e K h i z a r K h an t h e e lde s t
.
, so n o f Ala

ud -
din , b e c am e e n am o u re d o f D e v al D e v i -
, an d t o h im sh e was
m arr i e d u n de r t he n am e o f D av al Ran i So -
. t en de r was t h e lo ve
b e t wee n t h e m t h a t i t was m ade t h e su b j e c t o f a lo n g b u t b eau ti
fu l Pe rsi an po e m , A sh ak i Bah ar , c o m po se d b y A m i r K h u sh ro .

A ft e r h i s fi n al m i sfo rt u n e an d di sg rac e n o t h in
g f u rt h e r is

k n o wn of t he u n fo rt u n a t e K ara n Raj a, t h e las t o f t h e Hi ndu

k i n g s o f Guj arat . I t i s pro b a b le , h o we v e r, t h at h e di e d o f a

b ro k e n h e art .

T hu s en de d t he re ig n o f t h e l ast vag h e la k in g o f G ujarat

aft e r t h e H i n d u k i n g do m h ad ex i s t e d fo r se v e ral c e n t u ri es.

M an y of i t s k i n g s m ay fo r b ra v e ry an d e n t e rpri se t ak e rank
wi t h t he n o b l e s t so v e re i g n s o f t h e i r day ; an d t h e fo r e g o ing

p ag e s h a v e b u t i n di c a t e d som e o f t h e ir ex pl o i t s an d fo reign
c o n q u es t s . T he s way ofG uj arat du ri n g t he pe ri od o f i t s pros
,

p e ri t y , e x t e n de d t o t h e n e i g h b o u rh o o d o f Jh alo r b e yo n d M o unt

Ab u . I t i n c lu de d K ac h h as we ll as
pa rt s of t he D e c c an , and
'

at o n e t im e e v en M alwa was a de pe n de n c y of t he Gu
jar t a
m o narc h s . Si ndh also was su b du ed . I n t h e m i dst b f all the
 51 S aoar R rvm w .

fre qu e n t wars m easu res c o n du c i v e t o t h e pro spe ri t y o f t h e i n h a

,

b i t an t s h a d n o t b e e n n e g le c t e d I t h as b e e n t ru ly st a t e d b y t h e
.

au t ho r o f t he Ras M ala i n appre c i at i n t h l a b o u rs of t he

,
g e

G uj a rat k i n g s t h a t t h e i r g re at e s t
,
m o n u m e n t i s t o b e see n i n t h e

fac t t h a t wh e n t h ey t o o k po sse ss i o n o f t h e c o u n t ry t h ey fo u n d
i t a was t e , y e t le ft i t a la n d fl o wi n g wi t h m i l k an d h o n ey
W h e n Va n Raj fi -
rst e s t a b l is h e d h i m se l f at Pat an l arg e, t rac t s

of G uj arat h ad no o t h er p p
o u l a t i on t h an t h at of t h e wi l d ab

o ri i n a l t ri b e s, wh e re as u n de r h i s i l lu s t r i o u s su c c e sso rs o f t he
g ,

C h av adaan d So l an k i dy n ast i e s t h e c o u n t ry ,
so o n b e c am e st u dde d
wi t h weal t h y t o wn s a n d ado rn e d wi t h po pu l o u s c i t i es N o r we re .

a rc h i t e c t u ral b u i l di n s an d wo rk s o f u b l i c u t i l i t y n e l e c t e d O f
g p g .

t h is we h a v e am
pl e e v i de n c e in t h e n o b l e sh r i n es o n M ou n t Ab u
an d o t h e r l d i t h l r e re se r v o i rs an d we l l s wi t h fl i h t s
p a c es a n,
n e a
g g
o f s t e ps, c o n s t ru c t e d i n se v e ral par t s o f t h e pr o v i n c e It is .

fu rt h e r a m at t e r o f c o n so l a t i o n t h at t h o u g h t h e H i n du s h av e
‘
c ease d to re ig n as m o n arc h s, so m e of the su b o rdi n at e b ran c h e s
of the o ri g i n al dy n as t ie s st i ll c o n t i n u e an d u n de r t h e fost e ri n g
, ,

c o n t ro l o f the a m o u n t Br i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t e nj o y t h e i r po s
pa r ,

sess io n s i n peac e an d o spe ri t y

pr .

I t m ay no t b e o u t o f plac e b e fo re c o n c lu di n g t h e ac c o u n t
,

o f t h e H i n du pe ri o d e m b rac e d i n t h e fo re g o i n g pag e s b ri e fl y t o ,

m e n t i o n t h at t h e i n t e rn al c o n di t i o n of t h e pe o pl e of G uj arat ,
i n c l u di n g Sau ras h t ra, appe ars , o n t h e wh o le , t o h av e b e e n pros
At t he t im e of H o u e n T si an g s v i si t t o I n di a i n t h e
’

po ro us .

b e gi nn i ng o f t h e se v e n t h c e n t u ry , t h e i n h a b i t an t s of t he c api t al

T h e Ra a f a w ad a l i d esc e n t fro m t h e S o lan k i ki ngs

j a o L u n c a m
of An hil w ar T h e.T h a k o rs o f M ari s a an d V a rs o da are s ai d t o b e des

d
m cd f r
j
o m t h e C h av ad a K i n s
g , an d t h e T h A k o rs o f P e t h a u
p , r L i m b o dra,

a
K at h and G gu ad fr o m t h e V ag h e la K i n s
g , o f A n h il w ar B a p a , t h e n i nt h ,

ia du ean t fro m h e l ast S il

t adi t a
y , i s k n o wn as t h e f o un de r o f t h e
p re se n t
[ P a ir 1 . c an . 52

V al ab h i pu r c arri e d o n a t h e pr o v i nc e
b r isk m ar i t i m e t rade ,
as

sesse d se v e r a l b e a u t i fu l a n d i m po r t a n t po rt s wh i c h st ill
pos

ex is t . I t is s aid t h a t i m m e n se t re asu re wa s ac c u m u la t e d by

t ra de wi t h fo re i g n c o u n t ri e s, a n d t h a t t h e re we re at the c api t al

no less t h an a h u n dre d fa m i l i e s wi t h fo r t u n e s of o ne k rore

of ru pe e s o ne m i l li o n of
po u n ds D u ri n g t h e re i
g n of t he

S o l an k i s t h e pro spe ri t y of t he c o u n t ry se e m s t o h av e re ac h ed

i ts c u lm in at i ng oint
p .

T h e pre v ai l i n g r e l ig i o n s appe a r t o h a v e b ee n B u ddh ism ,

Brah m an i s m an d Ja i n i sm , b u t e x c e pt i n t h e t i m e o f so m e i a
to l e r a n t pri n c e t h e r o d o es n,
o t s e e m t o h a v e b e e n m u c h r e li
i o u s pe rs e c u t i o n ; a n d we fi n d fr o m an i n sc r i pt i o n o f t h e fi rst
g
c e n t u ry b e fo re C h ri st i n t h e c a v e at N as i k t h at Usav a dat a, -

t he so n -
i n la w -
an d v assa l o f t he fi rs t K s h a t rapa k i n g N a h a

p an a, t h o u g h a Bu ddh i s t , m a de pr e se n t s o f v i ll a
g e s an d co ws
t o Brah m an s a n d de fray e d t h e m arr i ag e
,
ex
pe n se s of t h eir
dau g h t e rs A ft e r t h i s wh e n we c o m e t o t h e t i m e o f t h e l ast
.

Si ladi t y a “
‘
a b o u t t h e s e v e n t h c e n t u ry we fi n d t h a t h i s t wi n
si s t e r, wh o was m a rri e d t o t h e k i n g of Bre ac h , t o o k t h e asc e t ic

w a ft e r h e r h u s b a n d s de m i se
’
vo , an d h er so n M u l di d t h e
sam e . In re ply t o h er so n s
’
e n q u i ry as to wh e t h e r Jai n i sm
h ad al way s b e e n at t he sam e lo w e b b 1n wh 1 c h h e fo u n d i t t h e ,

m o t h e r t o l d h i m t h a t i t h ad onc e ex t e n de d t o e v e ry t o wn o f

G uj arat b u t t h a t ,
a ft e r t h e dea t h of t h e fa m o u s re l i g i o u s
pr e

c e pt o r V i r Su rre n dra, t h e Bu d dh i s t s o b t ain ed t he asc e n dan c

y .

M ul a c c o r di n g ly
p r o c e e de d to h i s m at er n al un c le Si ladi t y a s
’

c ou rt , a n d, de fe at i n g t h e B u ddh i st s b y h i s e l o q u en c e , o b l i
g e d

T h i s Si ladit ya i s s ai d o fi spri ng o f Su rya N arayan

'

t o h av e b e e n t h e

( t h e su n -go d an d t o h av e b e e n pro v i de d b y t h e lat t e r wi t h c e rt ai n

peb b l e s, b y wh i c h h e was e n ab l e d t o k i ll h i s o m an i o ns wh o
p p jee re d
at h im o n ac c ount of
h i s m yst e ri o us b i rt h , and also t o k i ll th e king of

Valab hi pur and u surp hi s k in gdom See as. M as, Pafe l o,

.
-
[ Paar 1 . c an . 54

T he sy st e m o f c o ll e c t i n g re v e n u e fro m c u l t i v at o rs appears

t o h a v e b e e n t h e B h ag v a t a i , u n de r wh i c h t h e C ro wn re c e i v e d

a sh a re of t h e pro du c e fro m e ac h c u l t i v at o r t h ro u g h pai d

v i l lag e M a n t ris ac c o u n t a n t s an d in so m e c as es t h r o u gh
s u pe r i o r l an d h o l de rs
-
. In a ddi t i o n to l an d re v e n u e , t h e re
we r e o t her s ou rc e s of re v e n u e , su c h as t o wn an d t ransit
du t ie s an d V e ras ( t ax es )
. A t ax 011 i
p gl r i m s a
p
pe a rs a l so to h ave ex is t e d . T he v i l la
g e he d m en
a -
we re
t he Pa t e l s as a t r e se n t
p .
 55

PART ll .

M UH AM M AD A N P E R I O D .

F R OM 1 2 9 7 t o 1 5 72 A .

C HA P T E R I .

Vic e roys fro m De l h i

F R OM 1 2 9 7 t o 1 4 07 A . D.

The c o n q u e st O f G uj arat an d the fi n a l o v e rt h ro w Of K a ran

Vag h e la h a v e a l r e ady b ee n n ar ra t e d . S u b se q u e n t t o t h is
t h e g o v e r n o rs Of t he
p ro v i n c e we r e a
ppo i n t e d b y t he em

p ero r o f De l h i . A laf K h an was t h e fi

-
rs t n o b le m a n h o no u red
wi t h t h is po st wh ic h h e h e ld fo r t we n t y y e ars r u li n g wi t h
, ,

pr u de n c e H e b u il t t h e Fr i day m o sq u e o f wh i t e m a r b le a t
.

A n h i l war (Pat an ) . I t was t h e n i n t h e c e n t re O f the c ity, b u t,

o wi n g t o t h e su b se q u e n t t ra nsfer Of t he c a pi t a l t o A h m a dab ad

an d c o ns e q u e n t dec li n e Of t h e po pu la t i o n Of t h e fo rm e r t o wn t h e ,

m osq u e i s no w i so la t e d fro m t h e i n h ab i t e d po r t i o n of t he c i ty .

It is a m ag n ifi c e n t b u ildi n g wi t h pilla rs s o n u m e ro u s t h a t i n
t h e m e re c o u n t i n g o f t h e m o n e m ay e as i ly m a k e a m i s t a k e .

At t he en d o f 2 0y e ars o f g o o d se rv i c e a n d e ffi c i e n t m a n ag e

m en t o f t h e pro v i nc e , A laf K h an was

-
re c a lle d to D e lh i on a fa lse
ac c u sa t i o n O f c o n spi ri n g ag a i n st t h e li fe Of t h e k i ng wh ic h c h a rg e
,

was b ro u g h t ag a i nst h i m an d t he h eir -

a ppar e n t K h iz ar K h an
-

t h ro u g h t h e i n t ri gu es Of the sl a v e M al e k K afu r wh o h a d no w
ris e n to t he ra n k Of M i n i st e r . A laf K h an was
-
u n u st l j y pu t to
dea t h , an d K h iz ar K h an was
-
c o n fi ne d i n t h e fo r t re ss of G wal io r .

So o n a ft e r t h is ac t o f i nju st ic e A la u d din
’
,
- -
s c a re e r was
c ut h o rt b y dro psy t o wh ic h h e
s , su c c u m b e d o n t he 1 9 th
Of Dec e m b er 1 3 1 6 .

Malek Kafur ig no ring t he right

, Of Kh iz ar Kh an -
and h
i
s
[ PART 2 . cm . 1 56

y o u n e r b ro t h e r ,
g pl ac e d a y o u n
g b o
y , n am e d Sh i h ab -
ud -
din
Um ar K h i lji o n t h e t h ro n e an d de pri v e d t h e u n fo rt u n at e K h i z ar
, ,

K han Of h is s ig h t . The n o b les, i n t e n se ly d i sg u st e d wi t h t h e se

c ru e l pro c e e di n g s an d wi t h h i s g ro ss a b u se o f au t h o ri t y , we re
a b le e fli c t M a le k K afu r s de at h a ft e r h is r e ig n ed
’
to n o m in e e h ad
fo r 4 5 day s o n ly T h ey t h e n plac e d o n t h e t h ro n e A la u d di n s
’
.
- -

y o u n
g e r s o n K u t h u d di n M u b ari k S h ah
- -
.

M e an wh ile G uj arat h ad b e c o m e asc e n e Of

g re at di so r der
aft e r A laf K han D e lh i
’
-
s r e c a ll to ,
an d r e b e ll i o n s h ad b r o k e n
ou t in e v e ry di r e c t i o n . S u l t an K u t h -
u d- d i n was t h e re fo re Ob

l ig e d, i n t h e y b e
g i n n in v er
g O f h i s r e i g n t o s e n d a f o r c e u n d e r ,

n e r a l M al e k K a m al u d di n t o l l t h d i t b b t t h
g e
q u e e s u r a n c e s u e
- -

M a l e k was s la i n i n ac t io n s h o r t ly a ft e r h i s de par t u r e fr o m
D e lh i , an d on e A i n u l M u l k M u l t an i was de pu t e d as h i s su c
c e sso r . Th is fi c e r,
Of wi t h t h e a ss i st an c e O f the a rm
y p l ac e d
at h i s dispo sa l was , ab l e e v e n t u al ly to r e st o re o r de r i n t h e

v in c e ( A D
pr o . .

A ft e r t h i s t h e su l t an se n t h i s fa t h e r i n l a w M a l e k
- -
D i n ar
wi t h t h e t i t le Of Jafa r K h an -
as G o v e rn o r Of G uj a rat , wh o,
wi t h i n t h e spac e Of ab ou t fo u r m o n t h s, c om pl e t el
y se t t l e d t he

p ro v i n c e a n d se n t l a rg e su m s o f m o n ey t o t h e r o y al t re asu ry .

H o we v e r h e t o o l i k e A laf K h an fe ll
,
-
,
a v ic t i m t o t h e i n t ri g u es

of t h o se n e ar t h e k i n g, an d b ein g d was pu t t o de a t h o n
r e c al le

a fal se c h ar g e . O n e K h u sh ro -
K h an at t h i s t i m e e nj o y e d t h e
h i s b ro t h er H i sam ud di n was
’
k i ng s c on fi de n c e an d s en t as
- -
,

G o v e r n o r Of G uj a rat Bo t h t h e b ro t h e rs we re . o r ig i n all y Par m ar

R aj pu t s ,
a n d a c c o r di n g ly t h e H i n du c h i e fs, p ro m i s i n g t h e ir as

s i s t an c e , i n c it ed h im t o r e b e l, b u t t h e pl o t was di sc o v e re d i n
t i m e b y t h e M u h a m m a da n c om m an de rs, wh o , a ft e r a r re s t i n g

H isam -
ud -
di n , se n t
‘

h i m b ac k to D e lh i . M al e k V aj 1 .
-
. ud -
din
K h o r e sh i de sc r i b e d
, as a b ra v e an d ac t i v e o ffi c e r ,
w as t h e n se n t

t o Guj arat , an d du ri n g h is t en u re O f o ffi c e t he c o u n t ry e n o y e d j
 57 V rofi ROYs a M Dam s

peac e . I n t im e h e was re warde d wi t h t h e t i t le j

of T a -
ul u lk

an d rec all e d to D e lh i .

K h u sh r o K h an t h e k i n g was t h en
’
s m i n is t e r ap o in t e d
p to
t h e G o v e rn m e n t of G uj a rat . H e h o we v e r was n o t sa t i sfi e d wi t h
t h is po s t , a n d, c o l le c t i n g h i s re t a i n e rs a r o u n d him, r e b e lle d, a n d

pu t t h e S u l t an , h i s b e n e fac t o r, t o de a t h (A D . . H e t h en
u su r pe d t h e G o v e rn m e n t Of Delh i , assu m i n g t h e t i t le o f N as i r
ud -
di n . H is re ig n l as t e d fo r ab o u t fo u r m o n t h s, wh e n a n o b le

n am e d G h az i b e g T u g h l a k i n di g n a n t a t h i s fl ag r an t c ri m e c o l
, ,

l ec t e d an a rm y an d m ade h i m a pr i so n e r H e aft er wards g av e .

s i r u d d i n s b o dy s h o u ld b e c u t t o
’
o rde rs t h a t N a - -
pi e c es an d s e n t
to the c a pi t a l .

T h e re wa s no w n o su r v i v o r O f A la u d di n
- -
’
s fa m i ly , an d s e

c o rd i n g ly t he n o b les e le v at e d t o t h e t h r o n e t h i s Gh az i b e g wh o ,

as s u m ed t h e s o v e re ig n t y u n de r t h e t i t le o f Gh i
y as -
ud -
di n T u g h l ak
S h ah A . D . 1 32 1

G uj a rat b e i n g s t i ll in a di so r de rly c o n di t i o n , the ne w Su l t an

a ppo i n t e d o n e T a j u l m u l k t o b e t-
h e G o v e rn o r O f t h a t
-
pr o v i n c e

wi t h i n s t ru c t io n s t o b r i n g t h e c o u n t ry i n t o c o m pl e t e su bj e c t i o n ‘

S u l tan G h iy as di n was h o we v e r, k i lle d i n t h e fo u r t h y e ar

-
ud -
,

Of h is g o v e rn m e n t b y t h e fa ll i n
g O f t h e r o o f O f a s u m m e r
h o u se . H e was su c c ee de d b y h is so n S u l t an M u h am m ad Tu g h
la k i n A D 1 3 2 5 . . . I n h is re i g n M a l e k M u k b i l , t h e so n o f a
c e le b r a t e d m u si c i a n , h e ld t h e G o v e rn m en t Of G uj arat u n de r the
t i t le of K h an Jah an . W h i le h e was m a rc h i n g t o D e l h i b y way
Of Ba ro da an d D ab h o i wi t h t re as u re an d h o rse s, c e r t ai n M u g h al
c h i e fs l u n de r e d h i m an d o b l i g e d h i m t o fl e e t o A n h i l war T h e
p .

Su l t an o n h e
,
a r i n g t h i s m ar c h e d t o G u j arat w i t,
h an a r m y t o

av e n g c t h e i n su l t H is st ay i n t h e c ou n t ry was pro t rac t e d t o

w
.

t wo y e a rs , du r i n g wh i c h h e a t t e m pt e d, t h o u g h i t appe ars i t h o u t
su cc ess , t o c a t u re t h e s t ro n g fo r t O f J u n ag adh H e h o we v e r
p
m et wi t h b et t er fort un e e lse wh ere M ok h eraji , t h e c hi ef Of Piram ,
.

8
 { P a r a cm . L] 58

an island n ear Go g h a, t o ok t h at t o wn from i t s M usalm an Kas

b at i T h e E m pe ro r ac c o rdi n g ly sen t an arm y ag ai n st Mo k h era
.
ji .

T h is c h i e f m ade a b o l d de fe n c e, b u t was at last slai n , an d t he

fo rt of Pir am was dest roy e d (A D . . Aft e r t h e wi t h drawal
Of t h e i m pe r ia l M o k eraji
’
ar my , s so n Du n g arji su c c e e de d in te

po ssess i n
g h i m se lf Of G o g ha, a n d h is y o u n g e r b ro t h e r, Sam ar
s i n g hj i fl e d t o Ra j piplat o h i s m at e rn al g ran dfat h e r, C h o k Rana ,
‘

wh o m h e e v e n t u al ly su c c e e de d .

I t i s i n t e re s t i n g t o n o te t h at t h e M o k h eraj 1 h e re m en
t io n e d i s t h e an c est o r Of the
p r e se n t M a h araj a of Bhav
n ag ar . H is g ra n dfa t h e r Seja k ji c la im s de sc e n t fro m sali v ah an

( A . D . S ejak ji was dr i v e n i nto K at h i awar by t he

Rat t fro m h i s an c est ra l se a t at K h e rg h a d on t h e Lu n i in

M ar war (A D 1 2 60 . . H e h a d g i v e n h i s dau g h t e r W ti lam

K u n v arb a i n m ar r i ag e t o t h e so n o f t h e t h e n Rav O f J u n ag adh
n am e d K a wad T h e Rav t re a t e d Sejak ji k i n dly an d g ran t e d h i m
.

S h ah pu r an d t we l v e v i llag e s Seja kji b u i l t a n e w t o wn o n t h e

.

l an ds Of Sh ah pu r a n d c al l i n g i t b y h is o wn n am e m a de i t h is
c api t a l, wh e n c e b e c o n q u e re d s o m e m o re v i lla e
g ,s wh i c h h e an

n ex e d t o h i s t e rr i t o ry . H e was su c c e e de d b y h is so n Banaj i

( A D . . 1 2 9 0 1 309
-
wh o , st re n g t h e n i n g S ej ak pu r wi t h a fo rt ,
Ran aj 1 t h e M o k h e raji ab o v e
’
c h an g e d i ts n am e t O Ran pu r . s so n

m e n t i o n e d e x t e n de d t h e po we r o f h i s c l a n an d m o v e d so u t h wards

( A D 1
. 3 09 . t a k i n g Bh i m rad, Um rala K h o k h ra an d t h e
, i slan d
Of Pi ram wh ic h l ast was t h e n i n t h e po sse ssio n Of a Bari a K o li
c h i e f H e fu rt h e r a t t ac k e d G o g h a b u t t h i s v e n t u re dre w o n h i m
’

.
,

t he ex pe di t i o n O f M u h a m m ad T u g h l ak re fe rre d to ab o v e .

On M u h am m ad T u g h la k s de at h i n A D 1 3 5 1 , h is n e ph ew
’
. .

Su l t an Fi ru z S h ah was c ro wn e d k i n g Of D e l h i o n t h e 2 4 t h Of
M arc h 1 3 5 1 . Aft e r at t e n di n g t o m o r e u rg e n t affa i rs Of st a te and

C h o k Ranawas t h e so n O f Sai dam at k i ng Of Ujj t in He q uarreled

.

Wi t h h is fat h er and se t t led at J u na (Old) Ra

jp pla.
i
 59 1 71 0111107 ! FROM Dirt -m .

c o n q u e ri n g N ag ark o t h e ,
v isi t e d G uj arat i n A D 1 361 , wh en b e . .

di spl ac e d N i z am -
u i - M u lk an d appo i n t e d o n e Jafar K h an t o t h e

g o v e rn m e n t . T h is o fli c e r di e d i n A . D . 1 3 71 , an d h is e l de r so n

Daria K han was n o m i n at e d to su c c e e d h im ,

b u t S h am s -
ud -
di n
‘
Dan g h an i h av i n g o ffe r e d t o g i v e t h e S u l t an 4 0 l ab s o f T a n k ah s ,

on e h u n dre d e l e ph an t s t we n t y t wo h u n dre d A rab h o rse s an d

,

fo u r h u n d r e d sla v e s o v e r an d a b o v e t h e u su al c o llec t i o n re c e i v e d
fro m G uj ar at , t h e S u l t an s c h o ic e e v e n t u a l ly fe ll him
’
on .

Sh am s o
ud -
di n W as h o we v e r u n ab le t o fu l fi l h is ag ree m e n t

an d we n t i n t o re b e ll i o n i n wh i c h h e was sl a i n . On e M al e k
M u z afl ar was t h e n G o v e rn o r an d su b sequ e n t ly Ob
'

a ppo i n t e d ,

t ai ne d t h e t i t l e Of Ras t i K h an A D 1 38 7
. .

T h e las t n am e d O fi i c e r s a dm i n i s t ra t i o n was h o we v e r fe l t
’
, ,

to be so t y ran n i c a l t h a t t h e i n h a b i t a n t s of C am b ay c om pl ai n e d

t o t h e E m pe ro r wh o i n t h e m o n t h , of Fe b ru ary 1 39 1 A D , . . se n t

J afa r K h an wi t h t h e t i t l e A z i m H u m ay u n t o de po se t h e e x
Of

i s t i n g G o v e rn o r . Jafar K han ac c o rdi n g ly proc e e de d t o Pat an an d

t h e S u l t an s o r de r t o Ras t i K h an , b u t t h e l a t t e r wo u ld
’
se n t not

su b m it . A b a t t l e t oo k plac e n e a r t h e v il lag e o f K am b b u i n t h e
Pat on di st r ic t b e t we e n Rast i K h an an d t h e i m pe ri a l t ro o ps, i n
whi c h t h e fo rm e r was de fe at e d an d sla i n (A D . . At t he

pl ac e o f t h e v i c t o ry , a v i l la
g ,
e n am e d Ji t pu r ,
was fou n de d b y
t he v i c t o ri ou s v i c e ro y . He t h en re t u rn e d to Pat an , re dressed

O T he v al u e o f a T an k ah i s v ari ou sl y est i m at e d. If a si lv e r T ank ah

it m ust h av e b ee n ab o u t i o f a ru pe e .

As re gards t he c o ppe r T an k ah s, t h e M i rat i A h m adi - -

says t h e re were
a h undred T an k ah s t o t h e ru pe e in t he t im e of M ah m u d Beg ada I n e u ,

ot h e r plac e , i a o r ab o u t A D 1 5 1 2 , t h e v al.ue . O f a c o ppe r T an k ah h as b e en

gi v en at t wo pi c s o r h al f an arm s St anle y Lane , Poo le i n h is re ce nt ly

u b li s h e d life of Au rangz e b , R u l e r: of I n di a Se ri es st at es , T h e fi sc al
p
unit Of t he nat i ve ret ards is t h e dam , an d fo rt y dam s we nt t o t h e ru pe e

and fhrt h e r “t h e t erm s Dam and T ank ah are int e rc hangeab le ,

as is pro ved b y t he i nsa pt ions on t he
-
i c o ins t h emsel ves (p.
[ PAR T 2 . cm . l .] 60

t h e g r i e v an c e s Of t h e C a m b ay pe o pl e an d o f o t h e rs wh o m t he
la t e Rast i K h an h a d o ppr e sse d ,
an d b y h is c o n c i l i a t o ry a n d fi rm
b e h a v io u r es t a b l i s h e d h is au t h o rit y t h r o u g o u t t h e pr o v i n c e .

Jafar K h an
’
s fa t h e r S ah aran a n d u n c le S adh u b e l o n g ed t o
t h e fam i ly of Tan k Raj pu t c hi e ft a i ns t h e n h o l di n g T has ra in
t h e K a i ra di st r i c t .H e re pri n c e Fi ru z T u g h lak o n e day h ap ,

p en ed to c om e, h a v i n g l o st h i s way whi le o n a h u n t i n g e x c u rsion .

T h e t wo b ro t h e rs t h o u g h ,
una ware of
h i s pr in c e ly ra n k t reate d ,

h i m m o st h o spi t a b ly . W h ile st ay i n g wi t h t h e m , t h e
prin ce

was c h arm e d b y t h e b e au t y Of t h eir si st e r , wh o m t h e y readily

g ave i n m arri ag e t o t h e i r g u e st aft e r l e arn in g wh o h e really

was . Fi ru z t oo k t h e m wi t h hi m t o D e lh i , wh e re h e i n du c ed
t h e m t o em b ra c e t h e fa i t h Of I slam ,
an d in A . D . 1 35 1 on his
a c c e ssi o n t o t h e t h ro n e h e c o n fe rre d on Sah aran t h e t i t l e of

V ej i -
u l - m u lk an d on Sadh u t h at Of S am sh e r K h an . Th ey
su b se q u e n t ly h ig h e m in en c e , an d Vaji ul ul k s
’
r o se to - -
m son

Jafar K h an was y g e v e n t u all r an t e d , as ab o v e m e n t i o n e d, t he

v ic e ro y alt y o f G u j a rat wi t h t h e t i t l e of A z i m H u m ay u n .

Jafar K h an , a ft e r h av i n g s
pe n t so m e t i m e in se t t lin g the

c o u n t ry , le d a warli k e ex pe di t i o n in A . D . 1 3 93 a
g a i n st t he
Rat h o d c hi e f o f I da r "
wh o h ad r e fu se d t o pay t h e c u st o m ary

t ri b u t e A ft e rh i d m n d o n Idar , Ja
e n fo r c m f K h a m t
.
g s e a ar n e

A di l K h an Asi r i O f Bu rh an pu r wh o h a d i n v ade d G u j arat , an d ,

c om p e ll e d hi m t o re t i r e . He t h en m ar c h e d a
g a i n st Ju n agadh
an d e x a c t e d t ri b u t e fr o m t h e Rav (A D . . His n ex t ex pe

di t i o n was ag ai n st S o m n at h , an d de st ro y i n g t h e t e m pl e s t h e re ,
h e i n t ro du c e d t h e M u h a m m adan fai t h i n t o t h at in t e n s e l y H i n du

l dar, fo rm e rly k n o wn as Il d1 u g, i s a v e ry an c i e n t t o wn an d 1 8 sai d

t o h av e b e e n 1n t he D v apu r Y u g , or t hi1 d ag e , t he re si den c e Of El v ah t h e

R ak h s b as an d h i s b 1 o t h e r V at api I t h as , e x c e pt du ri n g sh o rt i n t e r vals,
al ways b e e n u n de r H i n du c h i e fs O f o n e dy n as t y
T h e prese nt o r an o t h e r.

M ah a R a jaS i r K e s ri si n
g jh i J av an sm h
g p K C S I i s a ll e sc e n da n t o f t
.
he

ce l e b rat ed J O d h pur f a m i ly S ee B o m b ay
. G az et t e er V o l V pga e 4 4 6 . .
[PART 2 . c an . 1 62

an d Jafar Kh an e i t h e r r e si g n ed h i s po wer t o h i s am b i t i o us son

or was t o yi e ld t o
c om pe ll e d ,
h i m an d fo rt h wi t h Tat ar K h an
,

as su m i n g t h e n am e o f M u h am m ad Sh a h , proc la im ed h i m sel f
k i n g o f G u j arat H e fi x e d h i s c a pi t a l a t Asawal , an d a ft er su b
.

du i n g t h e c hi e f o f N an do d (Rajpi pla) m arc h ed ag ai n st D e lhi t o

re v e n g e h i m se l f o n E k b al K h an wh o , o n h eari n g o f h is approac h ,
,

b e c a m e g reat ly ala rm e d Bu t T at ar K h an fe ll i ll o n t h e road,

.

an d b e fo re rea c h in
g D e l h i di e d i n t h e m o n t h o f S h ab an A H . .

8 06 (A . D . H is dea d b o dy was t ak en b a c k t o Pat an ,

wh e re i t was i n t e rre d wi t h du e h o n o u rs Tat ar K h an deat h
’
. s

is at t r i b u t e d by so m e to a slo w po i so n adm i n is t e re d by on e of

h is fat h e r s fri en ds b u t t h e
’

, e arl y h i st o ri ans st at e t h a t Jafar K han

m o u rn e d fo r h is so n u n t il t h e day of h i s o wn deat h .

On re c e i v i n
g t h e sa d t idi n g s, Jafar K h an at onc e j o in ed
t he ca m p wh e
, re b e i n
g we,
l c o m e d b y t h e arm y ,
he resu m ed

t h e g o v e rn m en t o f Guj arat . T h e di so rde rs at D e lh i c o n t i n u ed

t o i n c rease a n d, ac c o r di n l y , a ft e r t h e lapse o f so m e si x y ea rs
g ,

J afar K h an wh o , o u t o f respe c t fo r t h e t h ro n e o f D elhi h ad hi t h er

to re fu se d to c all h i m se l f k i n g ,
a ssu m e d t h at t i t l e i n A . D .

M u z afi
'

at t he re
q u e st of h is n o b l e s, an d, t ak i n g t h e na m e ar

S h ah , st r u c k c o i n s i n h is o wn ri
g h t . T h u s was e st ab l i sh ed t he
s e parat e M u h a m m adan k in g do m of G uj ar at , wh i c h l ast e d unt il

A D 1 5 73 , wh e n t h e g re at A k b ar
. . c o n q u e re d it an d reann e x ed

i t t o t h e e m pi r e o f D e lh i .
 C HAPT E R I I .

T he Su lt an M u z afi
'

re ig n o f ar 1 .

F ROM 1 4 07 t o 1 4 1 0 A .

So m e of M u z aflar Shah o i t s wh i l e h e was

'

et v ic e
’
s ex
p l y
t egen t in Guj arat h av e b e en alr ea d
y m en t i o n e d Aft e r form a ll y .

assu m in
g t h e t i t le o f k in
g ,
h e l ea rn t t h at D i lawar K h an t h e v i c e ,

reg e n t at M al wawi t h wh o m h e h ad b e e n
,
v er
y i n t i m a t e wh e n b o t h

we re a t De lhi h ad b e e n po i so n e d b y hi s so n Al p K h an A c c o rdi h g l y
, .

h e m a rc h e d ag ain st t h a t c ou n t r
y w i t h t h e o b j e c t o f c h ast i si n g t h e

u n g rat e fu l so n . T h e la t t e r
.
o ppo se d h i m b u t wa s de fea t e d a n d
,

t ak e n priso n e r A D M u z afi Sh ah t h e n h i m se l f
'

( . ar

a
ppo i n ted a g o v e rn o r o v e r M al wa , an d k e pt A l p K h an in c on

fi n e m e n t fo r u pwards o f a y e a r, b ut e v e n t u al l rdo n e d an d
y pa

re i n st a t e d h im in h is do m in i o ns . T o do t h is h o we v e r i t b e c a m e
, ,

se n d a n arm u n de r the c o m m an d o f t h e Su l t an
’
n e c essa ry to y s

g ran ds o n A h m ad Kh an ,
in asm u c h as o n e o f t h e M al wa c hi e fs ,

na m e d M usa K h an , h ad g ro wn su ffi c i e n t ly
po we rfu l t o g a i n
of c a pi t al M an du M u z afla r Shah t h e n
'

po ssess i on the se n t a n

arm y ag a i ns t t h e Hi ndu s o f K a n t h K o t i n K a c hh
-
a n d su b du e d

t hem ( A D . .

At the en d o f t h e m onth of Sa far , A H 813

. .
, A D . . 1410 ,

t h e K o lis of Asav al an d it s v i c in i t
y h a
,
v in
g b e c o m e di so b e di e n t ,

c om m e n c e d pl u n de ri n g on t h e h i g h way s . M u z a ffar S h ah t h e r e ,

fo re , se n t an arm y a
g ai n s t t hem u n de r h i s g ran dso n A h m ad

Khan . Th i s y o u n g pri n c e , wh o h ad al r e ady g a i n e d re n o wn

in t h e d i t i o n aga i nst M al wa, e n c a m pe d a t t h e K h an S a ro v ar
ex pe

( la k e ) o u t s ide Pat a n . H e re h e su m m on e d a n a ss e m b ly of m en

no t e d fo r pi e t y an d l earni n g an d q u e st i o n e d t h e m as t o wh e t h e r
,

t h e so n o f a m an wh o h a d b e e n u nj u st ly m u rde re d o u g h t o r
ou gh t n o t to e x ac t re t rib u t i o n . No t u n de rs t a n di n
g t h e re a l o b e c tj
o ft h e pri nc e idpu t t ing t h is q u est io n , all re li e d i n
p t h e affi rm at i v e .
 64 S ULTA N M ’
UZAFAR I .

Ah m ad K h an t h e n t o o k t h e i r wri t t e n reply an d k ept i t wi t h hi m .

T h e n e x t day h e we n t i n t o t h e c i t y m ade M u z afi ar S h ah pri so n er

'

, ,

a n d g a v e hi m a c u p o f po i so n t o dr i n k T h e o l d m an m u c h st ru c k ,

b y t h is c o n du c t o f h i s g ran d so n wh o m si n c e t h e de at h o f Tat ar
K h an h e h ad n o m i n at e d h i s su c c e sso r , an d t o wh o m h e h ad g i v en
a p ri n c e l
y t ra i n i n
g ,
a d dr e sse d him as fo l l o ws M y c h ild ,
a ll t h at
I h a v e i s b u t i n k e e pi n g fo r y o u wh y su c h u n se e m l y h ast e for
,

u r i n h e ri t an c e T h n t l e wo rds se e m t o h av e h a d n o
y o e s e g e

e ffe c t o n t h e h e art o f t h e y o u n g m an , wh o b e li e v i n g
, , W h e t h er
ri
g h t l y or wro n g ly ,
t h at h i s fat h e r h ad b e e n m u r de r e d, was
b u rn i n g wi t h a de si re fo r v en
g e ance . He a c c o r di n l
g y re
pli e d
A l l m e n h av e t h e i r t i m e a
p po i n t e d, an d wh e n t h e h o u r i s c om e

a d v an c e it M u z afl ar S h ah
'

t h ey c an n o t de l a y or a m om en t ,

ft e r c o u n se l l i n g h im o n v ar i o u s t o pi c s, an d a ft er c a u t i o n i n h im
a
‘
g
a
g a i n st i n du lg e n c e i n wi n e ,
r a i se d t o hi s o wn li ps an d drai n ed
t h e b it t er of de a t h T h e fo u n de r of t h e M u h a m m a dan Su l
cu p .

t an at o f G u arat j t h u s de pa rt e d fr o m t h i s wo rld (A . D . 1 4 1 0) a ft e r

a j u st an d wi se re i
g n of ei
g h t e e n y ear s, ei
g h t m on t h s an d

fo u rt e en day s i n wh i c h pe r i o d i s i n c l u de d t h e t e rm o f h i s v i c e
,

re e n c y H i s r e m ai n s we r e b u r i e d i n t h e m au so l e u m e r e c t e d in
g .

the c e n t re of Pat an .
[ P aar 2 . ou r . 66

Su lt an Ah m ad c arri e d o u t h is arran
g e m e n t s ab o u t t h e fo u n din g
of the c it y . In t h is h e was a ssist e d b y t h re e o t h er
Ah m ads, b y
nam e Sh e k h Ah m ad K h at t u Ganj -
Bak hs h ,K az i Ah m a d an d M alek
.

A h m ad, wh o , as we l l as t h e Su l t an , su pe rin t e n de d ea c h di v i si o n
ai ed
d by t we l v e pe rso ns , c a ll e d Bawas ’
or Bab as (A H . .
‘

8 1 4,
A D l 4 1 1 1 2 ) Fo r b i s
. ne w c a pi t a l , S u l t an
h e d in Al H .

A h m a d b u i lt a c i t a de l o f m u c h st re n t h nd
,

g a
820 A D 1 41 7
. . . .

b e au t y wh ic h is k n o wn b y t h e n am e o f t h e
,

Bh adar (pro pi t i o u s), a n d wh i c h i s st ill t h e rt e r wh e re t h e G o

‘
.

q u a

v e rn m en t o ffi c es ar e loc at ed A fi. ne m o sq u e ,
’

C°m pl e t e d m A H
c a ll e d aft e r A h m ad Sh ah , was al so b u ilt
8 1 7, A '
.
‘

D . 1 414 .

an d a t o h av e b e e n se t a part as a
p ea rs
p
c hape l fo r t h e Ro yal fam i ly . He fu rt h er e re c e d a
t "
pal a c e an d
ot h er m agni fi c e n t b u i l di n g s . Th o u g h t h ese d o no t no w ex is t i n
t h eir e n t i re t y , po rt i o n s o f t h e m h a v e b e e n t h oro u g h l y re
pa i re d
an d a r e n o w u se d a s p u b l ic b u i ldi n g s . Fo r t h e c it y it se l f t h e ‘

S u l t an la i d o ut fi b ro ad st re e t s a n d ca u se d n o b l e e difi c e s to b e
'

ne

c o n st ru c t e d, t h e m a rb l e . an d s t o n e s fo r wh i c h we r e :b ro u g h t from
Pat an C h an drav at i Dh ran g adh ra an d
, , ot h er p l ac e s W i t h a V i e w
.

to s c u re a n a de u a t e su
e q l
pp y o f wat e r fo r t h e i n h ab i t an t s, t h e

Sul t an di v e rt e d t h e c ou rse o f ,
the ri v e r Hat h m at i s o as t o m ak e
i t s wat e rs fl o w i n t o t h e Sab arm at i H e also .

C o m m en c e d iD A H -
b u i l t i n t h e h e art o f t h e c i t y a su pe rb Ju m a .

£3315:t (Fr i day) M o s q

i n I n di a t h e
u e , wh i c h i s o n e o f t h e larg est
t e ri o r di m e n si o n s b e i n g 3 8 2
8 2 7. A D .
.
,
ex

fe e t b y 2 3 8 fe e t wi t h a h e i g h t o f 4 9 fe e t .

T h e m i n are t swe re o r 1 g 1 n ally o f a g re at h e i g h t b u t po rt i o ns o f

t h e m fe ll do wn du ri n g t h e se v e r e e a rt h q u ak e o f A D 1 8 1 9 A . . . .

T h e se Rawas m ust no t be c o n fo u n de d wi t h H i n du asc e t i c s ,

T h ey

were M u h am m adan h o ly pe rso n ag e s, su c h as Bawa A li Sh e r, whose

m osq u e is at S ark h ej, an d BawaLu l u i wh o i s b u ri e d i n t h e m auso leu m

near t h e R ushi fo rd on t he eas t e rn b ank o f t h e Sab arm at i near t h e c it y .

 67

st ran hi
g e ar c t ec t u ral
p h e n o m en o n was n o t i c e ab le 1 n t h ese m in a
rat s , whi c h h as b e e n d esc r i b e d
l n so m e de t a il b C l l M i
y o on e o n e r
W i lli am s wh o v isit ed t h e m o s u e o n t h e 3 1 st M a 1 8 09
q y .

t he sh ak i n
d t o b ec o m m u
'

g of the other m ig h t b e su
pp s
o e

wh il e peo ple ab o v e we re sh a k i n
g t h e m , b u t I was n o t se n

si b l e o f the sm all est m ot ion ag i at i o n wh at e v e r in t h e

or
t
d
b u il in g u n de r me .

“
( Q u o t e d m G ri n dlay s
’
Cost u m e and A r c h i t e c t u re of
I n dia , p g
a e 6

S u lt an Ah m ad g at h e re d m e rc h an t s, wea v e rs an d s k i ll ed

c raft sm e n fro m m an y di ffe re n t plac es an d se t t l ed t h e m adv a n

t ag e o u sly i a t h e n e w c i t y g i v i n g t h e m e v e ry e n c o u rag e m e n t
, .

By b est o wi n g m u c h a t t e n t i o n an d spa ri n g n o e x pe ns e o n t h e
c i t y h e m ade i t a c e n t re o f t rade an d m an u fac t u r e wh i c h i t
, ,

c o n t i n u es to b e u pt o t h e pre se n t day .

Po pu la r t radi t i o n h as an a m u si n g st o ry o f a c e rt a i n d i fli
c u l t y e n c o u n t e re d b y t h e S u l t an i n e r e c t i n g t h e t o wn wal ls -
. It
is sa i d t h at a sa i n t n a m e d M an e k n at h G o dari a li v e d i n sh ed
’

n ea r t he ri v er wh o wi t h
, ,
a vie w t o t h wart t h e S u l t an i n h is at

t e m pt t o fo u n d t h e ne w ci t y ,
u se d t o b u sy h im se lf i n st i t c h i n
g
t hreads i n d u ri n g t h e dayt i m e whi le t h e Wo rk o f b ui l d
‘

a q u i l t
i ng t h e mpart s was pro g ressi ng , b u t e ac h e v e ning , aft e r al l
’

ra
(P aar 2 . cm . 68

the wo rk m en h ad dispe rsed t o t h ei r se v e ral h o m es, M an elm at h

use d to u n ra v e l t h e t hr e ads fro m t h e q u i lt , wh e n 10 ! all t he

po rt i o n s o f the wal l b u il t du ri n g t h e dayt i m e wo u l d c ru m b le t o

t h e g ro u n d . T h e S u l t an was ex t r e m e ly ann o y ed b y t hi s re

t e d m i sfort un e , an d on m ak i n g e n q u i ri es l ea rn t t h a t t h e
pe a

sai n t po ss e sse d m ag i c al po we rs , so he se n t fo r M an ek n at h , and

ask e d hi m wh at fu rt h e r wo n de rs h e was ab l e to pe rfor m He .

re
pli ed t h at h e c o u l d en t e r a a d ( a v esse l sh a e d li k e a t ea
p
an d c o m e o u t t h ro u g h i t s spo u t T h e Su lt an as k ed hi m t o
p )
ot .

sat i sfy h i s do u b t s b y do ing t hi s M an e k n at h i m m e di at ely

.

en t e re d t h e v esse l , b u t b e fo r e h e c o u l d e v e r i ssu e fro m i t s spo u t

Su l t an c o v e re d i t wi t h h i s fi n g e r , an d t h us e fl ec t u ally
'

t he
re v e n t e d M an e k n at h
’

p s ex it . M an ek n at h e x c l ai m ed, 0h k ing,
y o u h av e c om m i t t ed t reac h e ry . T h e k in g re pli e d Y o u do not
l i k e g oo d wo rk , an d are b y m ag i c hi n de rin g us in b u ildi n g t h e
c i t y , so t r eac h er y m u st b e m e t b y t reac h e ry . Hav i n g spo k en
t h u s, h e re fu se d to all o w h im t o c om e ou t , an d M an ek n at h was
sm ot h e r ed t o deat h . Be fo r e de at h , h o we v e r h e b e gg e d t h e S u lt an,

t o do hi m t h e fa v o u r o f i m m o rt al i z i n g hi s nam e b y c o nn ec t ing
it in way wi t h t h e c i t y T h e k in g was please d wi t h t hi s re
so m e .

u est an d c o m pli e d He n c e t h e so u t h we st e rn to we r o ft h e Bh adar,

q
-
.
,

wh i c h i s su ppo se d to c o n t ai n t h e fo u n dat i o n st o
n e of the c i t y , is

call e d, e v e n a t t h e pre sen t day , t h e M an ek Bu ru j , a

nd t h e sq u are
i n wh i c h t h e c h i e f m ark e t i s h e l d i s k n o wn as t h e M an ek C h ok .

The t om b o r sm al l d D h i
’
sai n t s pa
g o a ( e r ) i s st i ll t o b e i
se e n n

a c o rn e r o f the sq u ar e , an d an ann u a l al l o wan c e of fi ve Ru pees

is st il l pai d b y Go v e rn m e n t t o i t s c u st o di an .

Th at M an ek n at h ac t u al ly posse sse d su c h su pe rna u ral

t
po we rs as are asc ri b e d t o h i m b y t radi t i o n i s c ert ain ly b ey ond
b el i e f, b u t i n asm u c h as h i s n am e i s so i n t i m at ely c o nn ec ted
wi t h t h e c i t y , an d t h e t radi t i o n i s st ill in vo
g , o
u e s m e m ent i on

o f i t h as s eem ed d esi rab l e . _ T radit i on furt h er \

.
su ppli es t wo
 [P aar 2 . cm . 70

st o rm Ran M al an d M o id
- -
ud -
di n t h en fl e d t o I dar ~
,
an d the o t h er

c h i e fs di spe rse d i n d i ffe ren t di re c t i o n s . T h e I dar Raja n e x t hi t

'

ex
pe di e nt o f
p u rc h asi ng p ea c e , an d wi t h t h i s V i e w h e c o ll ec t e d t h e

e le
ph an t s an d h o rse s o f h i s u n fo rt u n at e all i es, an d; se n di n g t h em
as a pr e s en t t o t h e S u l t an ,
c a u se d t h e i r b ag g ag e t o b e pl u n de red
T h is m olli fi e d t h e S u l t an wh o was c o n t e n t t o re t u rn t o h is
,
c a pi t al

a ft e r e x ac t i n g fro m t h e I dar Raj aa su i t a b l e t ri b u t e . B o t h M o id

ud -
di n an d M ast i K h an t o o k sh e lt e r wi t h t h e i r u n c l e S h am s K h an
wh o ru l e d at N ag o r !
,
b u t we re k i ll e d i n an ac t i o n wh i c h t o ok
l ac e b et we en Sh a m s Khan an d t h e Ran a o f Chi t o r
p
.

t he
.

I n t h o se t ro u b l e d t i m e s h o we v e r , ,
n e it h e r t he i
k gn n or

c o u n t ry wa s de st in e d t o en o y aj lon g c o n t inu ed pe ac e . In A H . .

81 6 A D 1 41 3 . c e rt a i n h i g h plac e d M u h am m adan
-
o fi c e rs of ,

A n h i lwar Pat an ,
t h e fo rm er ca pi t a l , o pe n e d a se c r e t c orres

po n de n c e wi t h Su lt an Ho sh an g k i n g , of M al wa, i n ci t i n g h i m t o
i n v ade G u j a rat Th e y fu rt h e r wo n se ve ral Zam in dars
’

. ov er

( l an dh o l de r s an d in du c e d t h e m al so to re v o lt .

T he un
g r a t e fu l H o sh an g de spat c h e d a fo rc e u nde r se v eral o i

c e rs to wards G uj a rat . T h e S u l t an h e ari n g , o f t h i s, se n t hi s t roops

i n di ffe r en t di re c t io n s t o at t a c k the r e b e l s, an d hi m se l f m ar c h ed
,

t o wards C h am pan e r i an d t h en c e als o sen t an arm

y u n de r a g e n eral
'

n am e d I m ad -
u l m u lk t o
-
en
g g t
a h e Malewa K i n
g . Th e lat t e r was

g r e at l y al ar m e d an d, o n t h e pre t e x t t h at i t wo u l d b e a di sg rac e
t o fi g h t wi t h an y o n e n o t h i s e q u al , r e t r e at e d I m ad u l m q .
- -

was t h u s e n ab l e d t o de v ast at e a po rt i o n o f M al wa wi t h out

0 N o w i n t h e J o dll pu r S t at e ,

1 T his an c i e n t c it y is s ai d t o h av e b e e n fo u n de d b y C h am pa, t he
m i n ist e r Van R a
of
j i n t h e 8 t h C e n t u y o f t h e C h rist i an e ra J o u rnal Of r

A s i at i c S o c i e t y o f Be n al V o l 9 a e 1 9 9 I t i w i d t d t t
g , p g s n o .n a e s e r e s a e,

t h e o n ly i nh ab i t an t s b e i ng a fe w N aek ras an d Bh i ls wh o ai n t h e i r sub

g
si s t e n c e by c arryi ng t h e l i t t ers an d b agg age afg e n t l e m e n v i si t in g t h e Pava
e
g adh h ill . T he c li m at e has fo r ye ars b e e n v e r
y u nh e alt h y .
 71 S ULTA N A nm
’
I
‘

n .

oppo si t i o n T he ot h er l of wh o m was Lat i f

.
g e n e ra s , on e

K han (t h e Su l t an wn b ro t h e r ) dro v e t h e i n su rg e n t s o f Pat an

’
s o ,

an d Sat arsal t h e c hi e f o f Jh alawar b e fo re t h e m as fa r as the

pro v i n c e o f S o rat h A c c o rdi n g ly i n t h e y ear (A H 8 1 7 A D 1 4 1 4 )

. . . .

t h e S u l t an m ar c h e d a
g ai n st the st ro n g fo rt re ss of Gi rn ar i n t h at
i The c h i e f, Rao M an dl ik al s o a sse m b l e d hi s ar m
‘

pro v n c e .
, y
nea r t h e b as e of t h e m o u n t ai n an d g av e b at t l e t o t h e S u lt an ,
b u t was de feat e d . T h e Rao fl e d t o t h e fo rt re ss, de e m e d i m pre g
na b l e , an d t h e S u l t an c on t e n t ed hi m se l f wi t h t a k i n g t h e lo we r
fo rt o f Ju n ag adh and su b du i n
g se v e r a l Zam i n dars u
po n wh o m
as we ll as o n t h e Rao M an dl i k ,
h e i m po se d an an n u a l t ri b u t e .

Th e rea ft e r Ah m ad S h ah r e t u rn e d t o A h m a dab ad .

T he n ex t y ear A H 8 1 8 , . .
(A . D . he em
pl oyed h is

arm i n de st ro i n t h t m l a n d i do l s i n t h e t o wn o f S i ddh
y y g e e p e s

p ,
ur l c e h e l d e spe c i a l ly sa c r e d b y t h e H i n du s
a
p a .

N asi r -
ai n u l - -
m u lk ,ru le r of As i r an d Bu rh an pu r h av i n g ,

dared t o at t e m pt an e n c ro a c h m e n t o n t h e Gu j arat k ing

’
s b o rde r
t o wn s o f S u l t an pu r an d N an darb ar , S u l t an Ah m a d pro c ee de d
t hi t h e r in o r de r to pu n ish N asir ( A D . 1416 Co n side ri ng
t hi s a fit o ppo rt u n i t y fo r a ssai li n g S u l t an Ah m ad S u l t an H o sh ang ,

a ain
g m ar c h e d on G uj arat wi t h t h e c o n n i v an c e o f the c h i e fs
"
of

Ida r Na n do d
, , an d Jll alawar ,
an d h al t e d at M o dasa . N o t h i ng
dau n t e d S u l t an Ah m ad
,
at on c e l e ft N an dar b ar , al t h o u
g h i t
was no w the ra i n y se as o n , an d wi t h in se v e n day s a rr i v e d at

M o dasa . H e pi t c h e d h i s c am p w i t h i n fi v e k o s o f S u l t an H o

T h e la t t e r se e i n g t h i s was m u c h am az e d and
'

shan s a rm y
g .
, , ,

no t l ess al a r m e d . Upb raidin g h is al l i e s fo r not h a v i n g k e pt h im

pro
p e r ly i n fo rm e d re
g ar di n
g t h e Gu j arat k in g
’
s m o v e m e n t s, he
fi ed b y ni g h t l e a v i n g t o t h e i r fa t e t h e
, u n fo rt u n a t e Raj as ab o v e

nam e d , wh o fo gt h wi t h b e at a
pre c i
pi t a t e r e t rea t . S u l t an Ah m ad
t hen des t ro y ed N ando d , an d t he c hi e f, Harising was dri v e n int o
[ 35 37
1 72

t h e ju ng les an d b ecam e w He was h owev er pardoned

an ou t la .

an d hi s est at e was resto re d t o h i m aft e r t we l v e y ears .

Th u s Su l t an Hosh ang h i m se lf
g ai n ed n o t hi n
g b y his

t reac h e ry b u t h i s arri v al h ad inspired false h o pes i n

,
t h e m inds
o f t h e c h i e fs o f So rat h , wh o n o w wit h h e ld t h ei r t ri b u t e , and

N asir of Bu rh an pu r was al so i n du c e d t o re n e w hi s se di t i on.

Ah m ad Sh ah h o we v e r, b y di v i di ng hi s fo rc es was ab le t o
.
, m eet

h i s e n e m i es se parat e ly an d de feat ed t h e m all ,

Aft e r t h i s t h e Su l t an fu lly b e n t , u
p o n e ffe c t u all
y su b du i ng

Ho sh an g ,
m ar c h e d o n M al wa (A D . A t t h at t im e , all the

Rajas wh o h ad pre v i o u sly ai de d Hosh an g in hi s i n v asi o n of

Guj arat se n t e n v o y s t o c ra v e pa rdon o n t h e i r b e h alf fro m Su lt an
Ah m ad wh i c h t h at k in g fro m m o t i v es of
po li c y was g lad t o
g ran t . H e t h e n pro c e e de d t o wa rds M al wa b y re
g u l ar st ag es ,

an d, o n h is arri v al at t h e b an k s of the K aliada ri v e r n ear

Ujj ai n ,
h e fo u n d Su l t an H o sh an g i n a c am p ,whi c h h e h ad al

ready st ro n g l y e n t re n c h e d . Sh o rt ly a ft e rwar ds a se v e rly

c o n t e st e d b a t t l e e nsu e d, i n wh i c h t h e Guj arat arm y pro v e d v i c

’

t o ri o u s, an d al l the en em y s t re asu re an d b agg ag e fe ll i n t o i ts

h an ds . S u l t an H o sh an g fl e d t o t h e fo rt of M an du , whi t h er,

ho w e v e r h e wa s fo ll
, o we d b y t h e G u j arat k i n g wh o h a l t i n
g in , ,

i t s v i c i n i t y rav ag e d t h e c o u n t ry ro u n d ab o u t
,
He t h e n set o ut .

fo r h i s c a pi t al , wh i c h h e en t e r e d i n t ri u m ph al proc essi on .

T h e re a ft e r , al t h o u g h h i s m i n d was en
g ro sse d wi t h t h e pro
j c et o f re du c i n g t he st ro n g fo r t of M an du , t he Su l t an de layed
t ak i n g ac t i o n . H e m arc h e d h o we v e r , o n C h am pan er (A D
, . .

t h e Raj a o f wh i c h di st ri c t h e c om pe l l e d to p y
a t ri b u t e , and

t u rn e d n ex t t o war ds San k h e da Bah adu rpu r, wh i c h h e t ook

( A D . 141 9 H e re h e su b se
q u e n t l y b u il t a fo rt an d a

m osqu e Fu rt h e r, . wi t h a v ie w to e st a b li sh in g t h e M u h am m adan
fait h in t h at di st ri c t h e , appo i n t e d a K az i an d bt h er rel ig ions
[i aar
’
74

b u t wi t h o u t su cc ess . The rain y season h av i ng se t in , t h e Sult an

h al t e d at Ujjain , o nc e the c api t al o f M alwa, an d si t u at ed i n t he
v ery h eart of t h at c oun t ry , a g r eat art o f
p whi c h h e su b du e d .

At t he en d o f the rai n y seaso n , M an du was ag ai n in v est ed,

b u t Su lt an Ho sh an g h ad in t h e in t e ri m m at e ri ally st re n g t h en ed
it , an d ac c o rdi n g ly Su lt an Ah m ad, fe eli n g h i m s e lf u n ab l e to
e ffe c t it s c apt u re , m arc h e d o n saran gpu r , an o t h e r fo rt ress of

M al wa H e h ad h o pe d b y t hi s c h an g e i n h i s plan s t o draw
.

Ho sh an g o u t o f hi s st ro n g h o ld b u t t h at k i n g n ow e m pl o y e d n e w
,

t ac t i c s H e se n t a m b assado rs t o t h e Su lt an wi t h i n st r u c t ions
.

to p re rese n t t o h im em ph at i c al ly t h e i m pi e t y of hi s at t ac k in g

an d lay i n g wast e t h e c o u n t ry o f I slam , at the sam e t im e as kin g

H o sh an g fo rg i v e n e ss fo r all h i s o ffen c es, an d pro m ising

’
on s part
h e n c e fo rt h t o b e h av e l o y al ly Su l t an Ah m ad, m o v e d b y t his
.

appe al t o h is re l i g i o u s fee li n g , an d ac t i n g o n the adv i c e of

h i s m i n i st e rs pardo n e d H o sh an g an d g av e o rders fo r t h e t roo ps

,

t o ret u rn t o Guj a rat H o we v e r o n t h e 2 6t h o f D e c e m b e r 1 4 2 2 ,

.
,

wh en t h e g en e ro u s m i n de d S u l t an A h m ad was ab o u t to st art

on the re t u rn j ou rn ey
H o sh an g pe rfi di o u sly m ade a n i g h t at
,

t ac k o n h i s c am p an d e v e n pe n e t rat e d as far as A h m ad Sh ah s
’
,

o wn t e n t wh i c h was g u ar de d b y 5 00 Rajpu t so l di e rs u n de r t h e
,

c o m m an d o f Sam an t , a Garasi a o f D h an dh u k a . Th ese b rav e

so l di e rs, t ak e n b y su rpri se , we re n earl
y all k i ll ed, b u t Ah m ad
Sh ah e ffe c t e d h is esc ape . T h e Guj arat t ro o ps wou l d h av e t ak en
t o fl i g h t b u t fo r Ah m ad Sh ah H e h ov e r e d
’
s i n t r e pi di t y . ab ou t

the sk i rt s o f the c am p u n t i l dayb reak wh en h e l e d, a sm all b ut

re so l u t e b an d ag ai n st t h e M al waso l di ers whil e t h e y were e n g ag ed

i n plu n de ri n g A h an d t o h an d c o n fl i c t en su e d and b o t h t h e k i ngs

.
- -
,

were wo u n de d b u t e v e n t u al ly Su lt an Ho sh an g b e in g de feat ed
,

of Saran gpu r a ra
fl ed t o t h e fo rt . T h e Gu
j t arm y n ot o nly

rec o v e re d all t h e y h ad l o st , b ut c apt u re d t wen t y se v en of

Ho sh ang s e le ph an t s
’
. Ah m ad Sh ah t h en r et u rl e di t h ank s t o
 75 SULTA N A HM AD I
’
.

t h e Al m i g h t y , hi s st e ps t o wards Guj arat H o sh ang

an d ret rac e d .

h o we v e r pu rsu ed h i m an d Ah m ad Sh ah was t h u s c o m pe ll ed
,

t o h a lt an d g i v e h i m b at t l e On t h i s o c c asi o n Ho sh an g was
.

ag ain de feat e d , an d h e fl ed a se c o n d t i m e t o saran gpu r, wh i l e

n ob l e el eph an t wh i c h h e h ad b ro u g h t wi t h
’
so m e r e at
s g
t ro u b l e fro m Jijn ag ar , fe ll i n t o t h e h an ds of the G uj arat k i n g ,

wh o no w r et u rn e d v i c t o ri o u s to h is c a pi t al m i dst t h e g lad

g re e t i n
g s of h is j
su b e c t s .

Fo r t h e t h r e e y e ars t h e arm y e n jo y e d re st , an d t h e
t L n ex

k i n g de v o t e d hi s so l e at t e n t i o n t o t h e i n t e rn al m an ag e m en t o f
h is k in g do m In ,A H 8 2 0 ( A D 1 4 2 6 h e m arc h e d ag ai n st
. . .

Rav Pu nj a t h e Raj a o f I da r wh o was i n ,

se c r e t c o rr espo n de n c e

wi t h t h e M alwa Su l t an . Ah m ad S h ah dro v e t h e Rav t o t h e

h ills an d p l u n de re d hi s c a i t a l
p H e t h en fo u nde d o n the .c o n ,

fi n es o f hi s t e rri t o ry an d o n t h e b an k o f t h e H at h m at i r i v e r a ,

st ro n g -
W all e d to wn , whi c h h e n am e d A h m adn ag a r (A D . .

an d whi c h st ill ex i st s ab o u t e i g h t e e n m i l e s di st an t fro m I dar .

Pu nj a h o we v e r di d
, ,
n ot
g i ve up h i s h o st i l e proj e c t s an d t h e ,

v e ry n e x t y ear at t a c k e d a fo rag i n g part y se n t b y t h e Su l t an .

He assail e d i t wh il e
i t s g u ard an d c a pt u r e d o n e o f t h e
o ff ,

ele ph a n t s , b u t t h e part y ral li e d as so o n a s P u nj a re t i r e d, an d ,

u r su i ng h i m , o v e rt oo k h i m an d h i s m en n e ar a de fi l e o n o n e
p
si de o f whi c h was a h ill an d o n the ot h er a de e p rav i n e . Be t
wee n t h ese was a n a rr o w pass, alo n
g w h i c h P u nj a t ri e d t o

m ak e hi s way . Tak i n g adv an t ag e o f t h i s spo t t h e M ah awat

,

( d i ) of the c a pt u re d e l e ph an t l k i l t d t h
r v e r v er
y p u c y u rn e e

Pu nj as h o rse wh i c h was c lo se b e h i n d wh e re u po n t h e
’
an i m a l a t ,

lat t e r sh i e d , an d fal li n g wi t h h i s ri de r in t o t h e rav i n e b oth

we re k i ll ed ( A D 1 4 2 8 A fe w day s aft e rwards Rav Pu nj as
’
.

head was b ro u g h t t o t h e k i n g b y a wo o d c u t t e r an d was du ly ,

rec og n is e d Aft e r t h is Rav Pu nj as so n N aran das ag re e d t o pay

.

an ann ual t ri b u t e of Rs 3 000, an d m t his way pu rc h ased peac e

. .
[P aar 2 . c an . 3 76

N aran das h av i n g h o we v e r fai l e d t h e n e x t y ear t o pay h i s t ri b u t e,

S u l t an A h m ad agai n m a r c h e d o n I d a r , a n d c arr i e d b y st o rm t h at

s t ro n g fo rt re ss o n t h e 1 4 t h of N o v e m b e r 1 4 2 9 wh e re h e
,
no w
b u i l t a m ag n i fi c e n t m o sq u e .

T h e t h o rn i n t h e G uj arat k in g
’
s si de b e in g r e m o v ed b y t he

deat h of Rav Punj a h e ,

a ai n
g c on fi n ed h is at t e n t i o n t o t he

m an ag e m e n t of hi s t e rri t o r i e s, an d fo r t wo y ears t h e r e was no

fo re ig n war . Bu t aft e r h t
t a pe r i o d ,
Su l t an A h m ad Bah m ani ,

k in g of the D e c c an h av i n g , , on t h e de at h of the G o v e rn o r of

M ah i m ( n e ar Bom b ay ) dare d t o se i z e t h at fo rt , S ul t an A h m ad

s e n t an arm y fro m G uj arat u n de r the c o m m an d o f h i s so n Jafar

K h an , an d also a sq u adr o n fro m C am b ay , Go g h a an d Di u t o t e
c a pt u re it . Su c c e ss at t e n de d t h i s e x pe di t i o n , an d t h e fo rt was

ret ak en in A D 1 4 2 9 . . .

Sh ah s adv an c e
’
I n 1 4 3 1 A D , t ak in g . . o ppo rt u n i t y o f A h m ad

u po n C h am pan e r t h e Bah m an i k i n g lai d wast e t h e

,
c o un t ry

ro u n d ab o u t Bag l an a, an d se i z e d Tam b o l , fo rt i n t h at pro v in ce

a .

A h m ad Sh ah , on h e ari n g of t h i s, m arc h e d t o i t s re li e f an d de

feat e d t h e Bah m an i k i n g . Be fo r e re t u rn i n g t o hi s c a pi t al a

t re at y was e n t e re d i n t o wi t h t h e Rai of M ahi m , ac c o rdi n g to

t h e t erm s o f wh i c h t h e l at t e r k in g g av e h i s dau gh t e r in m ar
ri ag e t o A h m ad S h a h s so n , prin c e Fat eh Kh an T h e S ul t an
’
.

n ex t i m po se d a t ri b u t e on the st at e s of Bu n di an d K o t a in
M e war ,
an d t h en ret u rn e d t o Guj arat .

In A D 1 4 3 5 pri n c e M asu d K h an , g ran dso n o f Ah m ad

Sh ah s o l d an t ago n i st Su l t an H o sh an g , fl ed t o h i m fo r pro t ec
’

t i o n ag ain st h i s fat h e r s m i ni st e r M ah m u d Kh i lji wh o h ad

’

po i so n e d h i s m ast e r G h iran i K h an Bi n Hosh an g an d u su rped

t h e t h ro n e T h e Su lt an m o v e d b y pit y , espo u se d h i s c au se and

.
,

m arc h e d wi t h an arm y ( A H 8 4 1 A D 1 4 3 7 t o c h ast ise t h e . . .

u su rpe r an d re i n st at e M asu d h 1 s fat h er s t h ro n e On t hi s

’
on .

ex
pe di t i o n, h o we v er, t h e G uj arat m o narc h was n t t at t e n ded by
 SULTA N A m 1
'
78 p .

W it h a v iew t o the c o l l e c t i on o f the re v e n u e , an d pr e v e n t i on

of frau du l e n t c om b i n at i o n , i t was a ru le wi t h t h e Su l t an t o ap
po i nt j o in t r e v e n u e o fli c e rs fi , of wh o m o n e was i n t h e S u l t an s
’

p ay , b ut t he o t h er a m an o f i n de
p e n de n t m e a n s an d g o o d fam ily .

A h m ad Sh ah was v er
y r i g i d as r e g a r ds the a dm i n i s t ra t i o n of

j u st i c e . 0 1 1 o n e o c c as i o n h is so n - i n - l a w i n t h e passi o n of y o u t h
k i ll e d a pe rso n a l e n e m
y, wh ere u po n t h e S u l t an h i m se l f i s said

t o h av e gi v en o r de rs t h a t t h e m u r de re r sh o u ld b e h an g e d b e fore
h is o wn h o u se . T h e K az i h ad so u g h t to sat i s fy the r e l a t i v es of

t h e m u rde re d m an b y t h e pay m e n t o f t we n t y t wo g o l d m o h u rs,

b u t t h e S u l t an i n di g n an t ly de c l are d t h at su c h a c o m pro m ise
wo u l d t e n d o n ly to e n c o u rag e e v il dispo se d an d we al t h y persons
in the c o m m i ssi o n o f c r i m e .

On an o t h e r o c c as i o n , t h e S u lt an was se a t e d i n t h e b al c ony
of a l h o u se o n t h e b an k s o f t h e sab rm at i , wh e n h e
p e asu r e a

n o t i c e d t h at t h e wa t e r was di st u rb e d a n d t h a t a b la c k o bjec t
was fl o a t i n g do wn t h e st r e a m . O rde rs we re g i v en t o b ri n g i t
to the r i v e r - si de , wh e n i t W as di sc o v e r e d t o b e a j ar c o n t a i n i n a
g
de a d b o dy . T h e S u l t an o r de re d al l t h e po t t e rs of the c it y to be
c o l le c t e d, a n d a sc e r t a i n i n fr o m o n e o f t h e m t h a t h e h a d sold
g
t h at j ar to t he M u k h i (h e ad m an ) o f a v i ll ag e i n t h e n e i g h b ou r
-

h o o d o f t h e c i t y t h e l a t t e r was se n t fo r I t was
, . e v e n t u al ly pro v ed
t h a t h e h a d m u rd e r e d a m e rc h a n t , an d wi t h a v ie w to c o nc eal

h is -
c r im e h a d pu t t h e de ad b o dy i n t o t h e j ar an d se t it adrift.

T h e M u k h i W as pu b l i c l y e x ec u t ed . T h e se se v e r e e x am ples

ser v e d t h e i r pu rpo se a s a n e ffe c t u al r e st r ai n t o n c r i m e.

if T he sam e syst e m pre v ai l s u p t o t h i s day i n re gard to v ill ag es , T he

T alat i s (ac c o u n t an t s) are st i pe n di ary s e r v an t s , and t h e P at e ls b e long t o

t he v i ll age s t h e m s e l v e s, an d are e it h e r h e re di t ary e m pl o e es or serve

y by

rot at i o n ac c ordi ng t o t h e c u st om of t he v i llag e .

 79

C HAPT E R I V .

The re i gn s o f M u h am m ad Sh ah ,
K u h u d- di n
t -
and Dau d Sh ah .

F R OM 1 4 4 2 t o 1 4 5 9 A. D .

O n t h e de a t h of A h m a d Sh ah h is so n M u h a m m ad K h an
asc e n de d t h e t h ro n e on t h e 3 rd R a b i -
ul -
A k h i r A H 8 4 6 (1 2 t h
. .

Au g u st 1 4 4 2 u n de r t h e t i t le of M u h am m ad S h ah . H e spe n t
m uch of h is t i m e i n e a se a n d p l ea s u re , a n d b e i n
g e x c e e d i n l
g y
la v i s h i n h i s g i ft s, so o n ac q u i r e d t h e su rn a m e o f Zar Bak sh

(G i v e r of G o l d) . I n A H 8 4 9 (A D 1 4 4 5 ) h e l e d
. . . . an ex pe d i

tion ag ai n st Rav Bh an t h e R aj a o f I dar , wh o m h e dro v e t o

t h e hi lls . Fr o m t h e n c e t h e R aj a se n t am b assa do rs as k i n g fo r
fo rg i v e n e ss , an d a t re a t y wa s e v e n t u a l ly c o n c l u de d, b y wh i c h
t h e R aj as do m i n i o n s we re h i s dau g h t e r was
’
r e s t o re d t o h im , an d

g i v e n i n m a r r i a
g e t o M u h a m m a d S hah . Fr o m I dar t h e Su l t an
c arri e d h is a rm y into wag e d, wh i c h h e plu n de re d , an d t h e re
aft e r re t u rn e d t o h is c a pi t a l .

T he sam e y ear wi t n e sse d t h e de at h o f t h e h o ly sai n t Sh e k h

A h m a d K h at t u G anj Bak h sh -
, on wh o se a dv i c e Su l t an A h m ad
h ad fo u n de d t h e c it y of A h m adab ad . H e was b u ri e d at

Sar k h ej ,
wh e re M u h am m ad Sh ah c au se d a su pe r b m au so l e u m "

an d m o sq u e t o b e e re c t e d i n h i s m e m o ry .

In A H 8 5 4 . .
( A D 1 4 5
. 0 ) t h e S.u l t an m a rc h e d a
g a i n s t

C h am pan e r wh i c h plac e t h e Raj a G an g adas g a v e h i m b at t le

, at .

Be i n g de fe a t e d h o we v er t h e Raj ar e t re a t e d t o t h e st ro n g fo rt r e ss
, , ,

0 T h e m au so le u m was c o m pl e t e d b y M u h am m ad Sh ah
'
s su c c esso r

K utb -
u d- d i n , and is an o b e c t o f re at
j g i n t e re st t o t rav e ll e rs . An u ras (fa i r )
at t e nde d by som e fo u r t h o u s an d pilg ri m s fro m far an d n ear i s an n u all y
h e ld t h e re on t h e 1 4 t h of S h awal an d t h e t wo fo l lo wi n g day s i n h o n o u r
of t h is sa i n t . T h e v i llage o f C h af o f t h e e st i m at e d an nu al re v e n u e o f
'
Ru pe es h as b e en assi g ne d for t h e su ppo rt of t h e m auso le u m .
 SULrA n M
’
80 '
U HAMM AD.

wh ic h t h e Su l t an fo rt wi t h i n v est ed A t le ng t h t h e R aj a h av ing .

b ee n r e du c e d t o g re a t st rai t s se n t se c re t e m i ssar i e s t o t h e k ing

of M al wa t h e i n v e t e rat e e n em y of G uj arat e n t re at i n g h i m to
m arc h t o h is assi st an c e , an d pr o m i si n
g a l ar g e su m o f m o n ey t o

m ee t t h e ex pe n se s o f h i s t ro o ps . T h e M al wa K i n g M ah m u d
K h i lj i e ag e r ly se iz e d t h is o ppo r t u n i t y o f re v e n gi n g h i m self
S u l t an A h m a d s su c c e sso r , an d m a rc h e d wi t h a l ar g e army
’
u po n

t o wa rds G u j arat O n M ah m u d s a rr i v a l a t D o h a d t h e G uj arat

’
.

S u l t an r a i se d t he se i g e o f C h am pane r an d r e m o v e d t o G o dh ra .

Fal li n g i ll h e was t a k e n t o A h m adab ad, wh e re h e d i e d i n t he

m onth of M u h arram A H 8 5 5 . .
( A D 1 4 5 1
. . h is r e m ain s b e i ng
c l o se t o h i s fa t h e r s t o m b i n t h e m au so l e u m M an ek
’
i n t e rre d at

Chok The M i rat i S i k an da ri at t ri b u te s t h is k i n g

’
.
- -
s de a t h t o
i n a d m i n i s t e re d t o h im b y so m e o f h is n o b le s b e c au se o f h is
po so

c o wa r di c e in b e fo re t h e M al wa K i n g an d t h u s pro v ing
re t r e a t i n g ,

h i m se l f an u n wo r t h y s o n o f h i s i ll u s t r i o u s fa t h e r .

Su l t an M u h am m ad was su c c e e de d b y h is so n S u l t an K u t h
u d di n wh o
-
,
a sc e n de d t h e t h ro n e on t he 1 1 t h of M u h arram
A H 8 55
. . 1 3 t h Fe b r u a r y M ah m u d K h i lj i , e n c o u raged

b y h is re c e n t s u c c e ss, m arc h e d wi t h o u t de l ay a
g a i n st G uj arat
v i a. S u l t an pu r an d Baro da . K u tb -
ud -
di n se t ou t from
A h m a dab ad to o ppo se h im , an d e n c am pe d at K h an pur
on t h e b an k of t he M ah i r i v e r. O n h e ar i n g t h i s M a h m u d
K h i lj i a d v an c e d on A h m a dab ad vi a K a pad v anj , n e ar whic h
t o wn t he a rm i e s m et in a fi e r c e ly c o n t e st e d b a t t l e i n wh ic h
.

M ah m u d K h i lji w ab l e a t o n e
’
s a rm y as t i m e t o pe n e t ra t e t o t he

re ar o f t h e G uj arat fo rc e , a n d c a rr i e d o ff fro m S u l t an K u t h -
ud

av i l i o n h is c ro wn d j e we l l e d g i r dl e o f i m m e n se v alu e
’
di n s p an .

In t he e n d, h o we v e r, t h e M al wa K i n g su ffe re d a s e v e r e de feat
on t h e l s t day o f S afa r A H 8 5 6 (2 2 n d Fe b ru ary . . Su l t an
K u t h u d di n , t h u s v i c t o r i ou s r e t u rn e d t e t h e c api t a l, an d c om

pl e t e d t h e m au s o l e u m of G anj Ba k h sh , wh i c h h ad b e en c om

m enc e d b y h i s fa t h e r . A b o u t t h at t i m e h e also c au sed t o be

[Paar 2 . c an . 82

o wn e r K h at ia De o rah , t h e Raj a o f S i ro h i , fro m wh o m i t b ad

l at e ly b e e n u su r pe d b y t h e Ran a . S u l t an K u t b -
u d- d i n t h en
K u m b h a ln e r wh ic h h e pl u n de re d N e a r C h i t o r t h e
a dv a n c e d o n .

Rana an d K u t b u d di n m e t i n b at t l e fo r fi v e day s i n wh ic h
- -
,

t h e Ran a was e v e n t u a l ly de fe a t e d a n d pu t t o fl i g h t H e was . ,

h o we v e r pardo n e d b y t h e S u l t ti n o n h i s b i n di n g h i m se l f t o pay
,

t ri b u t e a n d ne v e r ag a i n t o m o l e s t N ag o r .

So m e si x m on t h s l at e r h o we v e r t h e Ran a d i s r e g ar di n g
, , ,

h i s t re a t y ob li g at i o n s, a dv an c e d a g a i n s t N ag o r b u t t h e S u l t an,
,

on ob t a in in g i n fo rm at i o n of t h is, at o nc e ro c e e de d a
g a i n st
p
K u m b h a ln e r, wh e re u po n t h e R an a re t re a t e d t o h i s c a pi t al .

I n A H 8 62. .
(A . D . 1 4 5 7) t h e S u l t an we n t t o S i r o h i , an d

t henc e e n t e r in
g t h e c o u n t ry o f t h e R an a o f C h i t o r an d de v as
t a t i ng i t , r e t u rn e d t o h is c a pi t a l . H e re ,
on t h e 6t h of R aja h
A H 8 63
. .
( 1 3 t h M a
y 1 459 A D . .
) a ft e r a sh o r t re i
g n of ei h t
g
y e a rs an d a h a l f h e fe ll , si c k an d die d . H e was b u ri e d i n
S u l t an A h m a d s m a u so le u m i n t h e M an e k C h o k b y t h e
’

si de
o f h i s fa t h e r a n d g ran dfa t h e r .

T h e t h i r d day a ft e r t h e de a t h o f S u l t an K u t h -
u d- di n , h is
u n c le D au d a sc e n de d t h e t h ro n e i n M ay 1 1 5 9 , b u t b y s h o wi n g
a di spo si t i o n t o r a i se t o po we r m e n o f l o w r an k wh o h a d b e e n
h is fr i e n ds wh il e h e wa s y e t a pr i n c e a n d b y e x h i b i t i n g e x t ra ,

o rdi n ary m e a n n e s s i n r e d u c i n t h ra i n a l lo wa n c e fo r i
g e
g pg e o n s ,

an d the o il
fo r l ig h t s h e ro v e d h i m se lf u nfi t fo r t h e
, p
so o n

m an ag e m e n t o f a k i n g do m , and t h e n o b le s , wi t h i n se v e n day s
de t h ro n e d h i m pla c in g o n t h e t h ro n e M u h a m m a d S h ah s s e c o n d
’
,

s o n Fa t e h K h an a y o u n g pri n c e o f m u c h pro m i se , wh o h a d re
,

c ei ved h is e d u c a t io n u n de r t he i llu s t r i o u s Sa i n t S h ah A la m .

D au d S hah h e a ri n g t h e
,
n o i se o f t ru m
pe t s , e n q u i r e d t he re aso n ,

an d o n l e a rn i n g t h a t Fa t e h K h an wa s b e i n g b ro u g h t t o t h e

p al ac e in o rde r t o b e i n st a l l e d as k i n g , fl e d t h ro u g h a wi c k e t
fac i n g t h e Sab arm a t i , a n d s pe n t the r e m a i n de r o f h i s life as a

de v o t ee an d disc i ple of Sh e k h A dh an R u m i .
 88

C HA P T E R V
T he re i g n o f S u l t an M ah m u d Be g acl a .

F ROM 1 4 5 9 TO 15 1 1 A. D .

S u l t an M a h m u d was e n t h ro n e d a t A h m a dab ad on t he 1 2 th
of S h aban A H 8 63 . . 1 8 th Ju n e 1 459 A . D . H e wa s b o r n
on t h e 2 0t h R a m z an A H 8 4 9 . .
(A . D . an d was t h u s onl
y
fo u r t e e n y e a rs o f ag e wh e n t h e c a re s o f a l a rg e k i n g do m de v o l v e d
‘

01 1 h im B u t h e pro v e d h i m s e l f e q u a l t o t h e di ffi c u l t i e s h e h ad
.

to e n c o u n t e r an d a dde d g l o ry a n d l u s t re t o h i s t h ro n e
,
Be n e .

fi t i n g b y t h e i n s t ru c t i o n h e h a d e a r ly r e c e i v e d fro m h i s re l i g io u s
re c e t o r S h ah A l a m o n o f K u t h n l A la m o f Ba t wa h e di s
p p s - -
, ,

la ed
p y , e ven i n y o u t h , s i n g u lar s o u n dn e ss o f j u dg m e n t .

So m e m ont hs a ft e r h is a c c e s s i o n , s e v e ra l o f t h e n o b le s wh o
we re e n e m i es o f t h e m i n i s t e r I m ad -
u l- M u lk , o ther wis e n am e d

Sh ab an a i re d e a r l t o t h e k i ng ri v a t e a u d i e n c e c h a m b er
’

,
re
p y s
p ,

an d t h e re re
p re s e n t e d t o t h e S u l t an t h a t I m ad -
ul -
M u l k was m e di
t a t i n g t r e as o n an d i n t e n de d t o ra i s e h is o wn so n t o t h e t h ro n e .

I m al ' -
u l M u lk fi
-
n com pl e t e i g n o ra n c e of t h e i r de sig ns , pre se n t e d

h i m se lf at t he u su al h ou r ,
and t he n o b le s fe i g n in g z e al a n d fi de
li t y a t o n c e o pe n l y ac c u se d h im t o t he k ing . T h e m in i s t e r w as

ac c o rdi n g ly fe t t e re d ,
an d c o n fi n e d on t he ro o f o f o n e of the

g a t e s o f t h e B h a da r u n de r t he c u s t o dy o f 5 00 s o l d i e rs , wh o m
t he n o b le s h ad wo n o v er t o t h e ir c a u se . T h e k i n g i n t h e h u rry ,

an d c o n fu s io n o f t h e m o m e n t , fe l t u n a b le t o i n t e r fe r e , b u t , re

c o g n is i n g t h e g ra v i t v of the s i t u a t io n , h e de t e rm i n e d u po n a

s t ri c t i n v es t i g a t i o n i n o rde r to a sc e r t a i n t h e t ru t h At ni h t
.

g
h e lea rn t fro m t h e D a ro g a i n c h a rg e of t he e le ph a n t s t h at t h e
n o b les h ad t re ac h e ro u sl c o ns pi r e d ag ai n s t I m ad u l M u l k t h e
y
- -

fa i t h fu l Vaz i r . T he S u l t an n e x t c o n s u l t e d h i s m o t h e r , h e rse lf
t he dau g h t e r p f a p r in c e i n S i n dh , a n d o t h er t ru st y a d v i sers,

and fro m t h e in fo rm at io n h e o b t ai ne d h av i ng g ood reason t o ,

[P a r 2 c an
. . 84

su spe c t t h at t h e pe rso n s wh o h a d c al u m n i at e d I m ad u l M u lk - -

we re t h e m se l v e s t h e re a l t r a i t o rs, h e g a v e i n st ru c t i o n s t o t he
Daro ga t o b r i n g ou t al l t he e le
h an t s fu l ly e q u i ppe d t o t he
p
a ppro ac h i n g D arb ar . He t h e n o rde re d I m ad u l M u l k t o b e - -

su m m o n e d, o s t e n s i b l
y fo r pu n ish m e n t , b u t as so o n as he c am e

n e ar c au se d h is fe t t e rs t o be s t ru c k o ff . W h en the n o b les

h eard wh at t u rn a ff ai rs h a d t a k e n t h ey ,
asse m b le d t h e ir ad

h e re n t s an d fo l lo we rs ,
an d m arc h e d t o wa rds t h e c h i e f g at e of

t h e Bh ada r i n b a t t l e Th e y o u n g k i n g h o we v e r was
a rr a v .
, ,

e q u al t o t h e e m e r e n c d t i t h d i f M l k
g y a n a c n g o n e ,
a v c e o ,
a e

S h ab an a t o n c e g a v e o rde rs fo r t h e e l e ph an t s, so m e si x h u n dred
,

in nu m b er t o , c h a rg e t he re b e l s . T h is was do n e , an d t h e A m i rs
wi t h t h e i r ra b b l e fe ll i n t o c o n fu s i o n a n d fl ed ou t of the c it y

i n di ffe re n t di re c t i o n s I n . c o u rs e o f t im e e ac h o f t he c h i e f c on

spirat o rs wa s appre h e n de d an d se v e re e x am ple s we re m ade o f

,

so m e . T h e h e ad o f o n e was h u n g u p n e ar t h e Bh adar g at e ,

an o t h e r was t ra m ple d t o de a t h u n de r t h e fe e t o f a n e l e ph an t ,

wh i le o t h e rs we r e i m pr iso n e d . So de e p was t h e i m pre ssio n

c a u se d b y t h e y o u n g Su lt an fi rm ne ss a n d c o u ra e t h at
’
s g n o on e

t h e re aft e r da re d t o di so b e y h i s W h i le pu n i sh i n g t he
o r de rs .

re frac t o ry , h e di d no t, on t h e o t h e r h an d fa i l su i t ab ly t o re ward
,

t h o se wh o we re fa i t h fu l t o h i m .

A ft e r sa t i sfa c t o r i ly a r ra n g i n g t h e i n t e rn al affa i rs of h is
k i n g do m t h e Su l t an wa s a t pa i n s t o i n c re ase t h e e ffi c ie n c y o f h is
arm y wh i c h h e ra i s e d t o do u b l e i t s fo rm e r s t re n g t h T h u s su
,
p .

po r t e d, he a d v an c e d t o war ds t h e D e c c an i n A H 8 66 (A D 1 46 1
. . . .

6 2 )a t t h e ur
g e n t re q u e s t o f i t s ru l e r N i z am S h ah Bah m an i, wh o se
co u n t ry h a d b e e n i n v a de d b y M a h m u d K h i lj i o f M al wa T he .

l at t e r as so o n as h e h e ard t h a t t h e G ujarat Su l t an was m arc h i ng

,

to t he re l i e f o f t h e De c c an b y way of Bu rhan pu r, i m m e di at ely

r e t re at e d v i a G o n dwan a H is t ro o ps, h o
. w
e v e r, b e fo re reac h i n
g
th ei r own c o u nt r
y , f
su f ere d se v e re l
y fro m want b f wat er and
[P A RT 2 . c an . 5 86

M an dli k Raj a b e gg e d fo r t i m e to c o n si de r wh at answer

he sh o u ld
g i ve an d fl ed b y ni
g h t t o t h e fo rt of G i rn ar . T he
lat t e r was fo rt h wi t h b e si e g e d b y t h e k i n g an d i t s gar
’
s t roo ps ,

r i so n an d
pe o pl e we re r e du c e d to t h e u t m o st st r ai t s . A t l e n gt h
j
t h e Ra a de li v e re d u
p t h e k y
e s of t he fo rt t o t h e k i n g g
’
s e n eral

a n d ac c e t e d
p t h e fa i t h of I s lam . T h e t i t le o f K h an J ah an was

su b se
q u e ntl
y c o n fe r re d o n h im , an d h e b e c am e a fo ll o wer of

Ha z a ra t S h ah A la m . Th u s t h e fo rt of G i rn ar , c o n si de r e d o n e of

the st r o n
g e st in all I n di a , an d we l l ni
g h i m re n ab l e
p g , su rren

de r e d t o t h e G uj a rat S u lt an i n A H 8 77 . .
(A D 1 4 72 .

T h e S u lt an no w b u si e d h i m se l f i n se t t l i n
g t he ne wly c on

u e re d t e r r i t o ry of S o ra t h , a n d, c a l li n g t o g e t h e r Sayy ids an d
q
lea rn e d m e n fro m ev er
yq u a r t e r , i n du c e d t h e m t o t ak e u
p t h e ir re

s i de n c e i n t h at c o u n t ry . He r e b u i lt t h e fo rt an d l ai d t h e fo u n ds
t io n of a
g ra n d
p a la c e . His n o b l e s a l so , fo l lo wi n g hi s e x am l
p ,
e

b e g an t o e re c t m a
g n ifi c e n t b u i ld i n g s ,
an d t h u s t h e re so o n e ro se s

ne w c i t y t o wh i c h t h e S u lt an g a v e t h e n am e o f M u st a fab ad

I n A H 8 78. . A . D . 1 4 73 74 -
M a h m u d Be g a dam arc h ed on

S i n dh t h e
,
Zam i n dars of wh i c h pro v i n c e a sse m b led a fo rc e of

ab o u t 2 4 000 m e n an d took st r o n de fe n si v e po si t i o n Bu t
,
u
p a g . as

so o n a s t h e Gu j arat ar m
y a
pp ro ac h e d , t h ey se n t e n v o
y s to o ffer

t h e ir su b m i ssi o n wh i c h was
,
a c c e pt e d o n t h e g ro u n d t h at t h ey
we re M u h am m a dan s . T h e S u l t an , h o we v e r, fi n di n
g t h a t t h ey
st i ll c l u n g t o m an y H i n du c u s t o m s, t oo k se v e ral o f t h em wi t h
h im t o Ju n ag adh t h at t h ey m ig h t re c e i v e i ns t ru c t i o n wh ic h
sh o u l d e n a b l e t h em , o n t h e ir re t u r n t o t ea c h t h e i r fe l lo w c o u n t ry
m e n t h e t ru e fa i t h of I sl am . He a lso de fe at e d an d su b du e d th e
H i n du c h i e f o f K a c h h .

The ne x t y e ar t h e Su lt an su b du e d t h e H i n du Zam i n dars

So m e au t h o rs m e nt i o n t h is c o n q u e st h av i ng t ke n plac e t wo
as
a
ye ars e arli e r a, A H 8 75 , A D 1 4 70
. , . .
,
 87 S usan s M ansi on “ea r ’
.

o f Sin dh ,
a n d se n t m an y o f t h e i r wo m e n an d c h i ldre n as ca pt i v e s

t o J u n ag adh I n t h at . sa m e y e ar , so m e
pi ra t e s of Jag at (D wark a)
an d San k h o dh ar (Be t ) pl u n de r e d a sh i p b e lo n g i n g t o a M u h am
m a da n M u ll ah o f S a m ark an d an d se i z e d h is wi v es an d pro pe rt y , .

Th e S u lt an t h e M u l l ah a i n t m a r c h e d a a i n s t Ja a t o n
’

, on s com
p l , g g
t h e 1 7t h o f J u lh aj . O n h is a
ppr o ac h t h e i n h a b i t an t s fl e d t o t h e

isla n d the l a c e wa s i t l n de r t he t e m pl e s
p g ven u p o
p u ,

we r e des t ro y e d an d t h e i r i m ag e s b ro k e n u p . The S u l t an
t hen at t ac k e d t h e i s la n d wi t h h i s fl e e t b u t wa s , o b st i n at e ly op

po se d . A t le n g t h ,
h o we v e r , t he ar m s of I slam pre v ai le d an d ,

M ah m u d l a n de d v i c t o r io u s . I m m e n se b o o t y i n pe ar l s ru b i e s ,

an d r i c h s t u ffs fe l l i n t o the c a pt i v e
’

c o n q u e re r s h an ds . T he
M u l l ah h o u se h o ld we r e
’

m em b e rs of t he s r e l e ase d . A ft e r

s
pe n di n
g so m e t im e on t h e i sl a n d , wh e re h e l a i d t h e fo u n da

t io n of a m os
q ue, and a
pp o in t in g a D e pu t y to g o v e rn in

h is n am e , t h e S u lt an l e ft fo r J u n ag adh ,
t ak i n g wi t h h i m as

p B h
ri so n e r i j
m S sig a r t h e R a a o f J a g at o n t h e 1 3 t h o f J u m ad
u l s wa l A H 8 78 (A D
-
. . M a h m u d h a d m e an wh il e o r
. .
, ,

de re d t h e S am ark an d M u l l ah t o com e fro m A h m adab ad t o m e e t

hi m . O n h is a rr iv a l h i s fam i ly was m ade o v er t o h im ,

an d wi t h
t h e m t h e c a pt u re d Bh i m R aj a A t t h e M u llah
'
. s re
q u es t Bh i m

was se n t t o A h m adab ad, wh e r e h e wa s b a r b a ro u sly m u rde r e d,

an d po rt i o ns o f h i s b o dy we re h u n g o v e r eac h
g at e o f the c it y

as a fi t t i n
g pu n i s h m e n t fo r h i s h a v i n
g pl u n d e re d a h o l
y m a n a n d
i m pri so n e d h is fam i ly O n h i s wa y b a c k t h e S u lt an re c e i v e d at
.
,

Ju n ag adh the s u b m i ss i o n o f s e v e ra l So ra t h c h i e fs , a ft e r wh ic h ,

it h av i n g b e e n b ro u g h t t o h i s n o t ic e t h at so m e M a l b ar is wh o li v e d
b v pi ra c y we re h arass i n g t h e G uj a rat po rt s h e we n t t o G o g h a ,

a n d t h e re eq u i ppe d so m e v e sse ls wh i c h h e se n t ag a i n s t t h e pi ra t e s , ,

h i m se l f re t u rn i n g b y way o f C a m b ay T h e S u l t an e n t e re d .

Ah m adab ad in t r iu m ph an d spe n t t h e ne x t fe w y e a rs i n pe ac e .

In A H 8 80 A D I 1 75 Sh ah Alam t h e
. , .
~
, , reli g i o u s pre c ept o r
 88

of t he Su lt an di e d ,
an d a b e au t i fu l m au so l e u m "i
was e re c t e d to his
K Be g adas Co u rt To
’
m e m o ry b y T aj h an , a n o b l e m a n o f M ah m u d .

t h i s b u i l di n g se v e ral a ddi t i o n s h av e b e e n m ade fro m t i m e t o t im e,

an d A saf K h an b ro t h e r o f t h e
,
N u rjah an Be g am wife
c e l e b rat e d ,

o f t h e em p e ro r Jah an g i r ,
o rn a m e n t e d t h e do m e wi t h
g o l d and

rec i o u s st o n e s i n t h e b e g in n i n g o f t h e si x t eent h c e n t u ry
p .

I n 1 4 79 du ri n g, one o f h is h u n t in g e x c u rs i o ns , b e i n g m uc h
pl e ase d wi t h a si t e o n t h e b an k of the ri v e r v at t ak , t h e S u lt an
fo u n de d t h e r e t h e t o wn o f M ah m u dab ad ( M e h m a d ab ad ) t wel v e

k os so u t h - e as t o f Ah m a dab ad, an d, h a v i n g fo rt i fi e d so m e ris ing

g ro u n d o n t he r v i
e r si
-
de ,
he o rde re d so m e n o b l e
pal a c e s i
t o b e

b u i lt t h e
,
ru i ns o f wh i c h a r e st i l l to be se e n . T h e Bh am ar i af wel l ,

c o n st ru c t e d in t h e t im e of t h i s Su l t an as a h o t weat h e r re t reat

in t h e v ic in it
y o f M ah m u dab ad i s , j
an o b e c t o f s pe c i al
-
i n t e rest
It i s 74 fe e t l o n g b y 2 4 fe e t b ro ad wi t h e n t ran c es fro m four
wi n din g fl ig h t s o f st ai rs an d h as e ig h t u n de rg ro u n d c h am b ers,
,

fo u r larg e an d fo u r sm al l .

I n 1 4 8 0 A D wh i le t h e S u lt an wasat M u st a fab ad (J u n agadh)

.

so m e o f h is n o b l e s an d o ffi c e rs at A h m adab ad t i re d , of the c on

wars dre a di n g t h e S u l t an l at ed di i
’
s t an t an d c on t e m e t on
, s p ex p

T h is m au s ole u m i s an o b e c t of
j i nt e re st t o t rav e ll e rs .
Se v eral
v il lage s h av e b e e n se t apart fo r i t s m ai nt e n an c e an d t he s u ppo rt of i ts
c u s t o di an s . T h e pre se nt Pi rjada i s M 11 3 6 M i an S ah e b V alade A h m ad
M i an sah e b .

G o v e rn m e nt a fe w years ag o san c t i o ne d Rs . fo r t h e re pai rs of

'

t h is m au s o l e u m , and Rs ,
fo r t h e R oja. of Ga nj Bak h sh
-
at Sarkhej o

B o t h t h e se t om b s are n o w i n go o d c o n di t i o n .

A n U ru s ( fai r ) i s ann u ally h e l d h e re on t h e 2 ot b J am adi - ul

A kh ir fo u r fo llo wi ng days , at wh i c h ab o u t
an d p e o pl e a t t e nd from

Bo m b ay, S u rat , C am b ay, K at h i awar an d o t h e r pl ac e s ,

w d h l l b d
T h e we l l i s n o i n a ru i n o u s c o n di t i o n ,
an m
ig t W e e rest o re

an n u al ly s et apart b y Gov e rn m e nt fo r t h e res t orat io n of

fro m t h e s u n]
~
anc ient b uildings .
[P a r 2 . csu . 5 .
] 90

u rg ed to ac c e pt the re l i
g i on of I slam , b u t , u n li k e t h e M an dlik
Raj a dec lin e d t h e pro posal
, , an d we re ac c o rdi n g ly e x e c u t e d

C h am pan e r ,
an o t h e r g re at b u l wark of H i n du ism i n G uj arat ,
t h u s fe ll in t o t h e h an ds of t h e M u h a m m adan s, t h o u g h n ot nu

t il si x of t h e RAjas , wh o h ad asse m b l e d fo r i t s de fe n c e fe ll , , and

a larg e n u m b er o f t h e b e si e g e rs as we ll as t he b e si e g ed were
k il le d . So g reat ly was S u l t an M ah m u d pl ease d wi t h t h e plac e
an d it s su rr o u n di n g s t h at h e m ade i t fo r so m e t i m e h i s c a pi t al,

c au se d a m o sq u e an d o t h e r b e au t i fu l b u i ldin g s t o b e c o ns t ru c t ed,

an d g a v e o rde rs h en c e fo rt h b e k n o wn b y
t h at t h e t o wn sh o u ld

t he na m e o f M ah m u dab ad C h am pan e r E i t h e r in t hi s h i s n ew .

c api t a l , o r i n M u st a fab ad ( J u n ag a dh ) or i n Ah m adab ad, t h e

Su lt an p s en t t h e gr ea t e r part of the nex t fi v e o r si x
y ears , free
fro m fo re ig n e m b ro ilm e n t s .

Be si de s t h e fo re i g n ex pe di t i o n s m e n t io n e d i n t h e fo regoing
’

p g ,
a e s M ah m u d Beg adas ann i h il at i o n o f the sm all c h i e ft ain shi
p
o f Ran pu r , si t u at e d ab o u t 1 1 2 m il es so u t h - W e st o f A h m adab ad
at the c o n fl u en c e o f the Bh adar wi t h t h e G o m a ri v e r, m erit s
m ent i on T h at t o wn was, as h as b e en l re ad st a t e d, fo u n ded by
.
a y
G o h el Ban aj i , so n o f Seja kji t h e an c e st o r o f t h e presen t Bhav

nag ar ru l i n g fam i ly Ran aji de sc e n dan t s t o h av e b een

’
ap ea r
. s p
i n pe ac e fu l e nj o y m en t o f t h e i r e st a t e fo r u
pwar ds o f a c e n t u ry,

b u t i n t h e t i m e o f Ran aji I I . ill fe e l i n g

-
a rose b e t wee n t h at
ch ief s wi fe an d h e r si st e r T h e lat t e r b e in g m arri e d t o M ah m u d
’
.

Be g ada, t h e c h ie f s wife ded h er

’
re
g ar as h av i n g l ost c ast e , and

ac c o rdi n g ly r e fu se d an i n v i t at i o n t o di n e wi t h h e r T h e S u l t a
na,
.

on h er re t u rn b ad,
t o A h m ada c om p l ai n e d t o h e r h u sb an d o f t h e

i n su l t . A t t h i s t i m e Ran aji al so h appe n e d t o b e in Ah m adab ad.

an d t h e S u l t an o b t ain i n
g u n de r so m e sli g h t t c ert ain
pre e n c e

sym b o l s b e lo n g i n g t o t h at c h i e f, t re ac h e rou sly sen t t h em t o his

si st e r -
i n l aw b y
-
a di sc h arg e d se rv an t o f Ran aji wi t h a m essage
t h at t he latt er wis
h ed h er to joi n h im 1n Ah m adt b ad Th e lady .
 9 1 Su n s
’
M ans o nBrawl .

ob ey e d t he su m m o ns , an d a d b e fo re h e r l o rd wh o i m
ppe are ,

m edi at e ly pe rc e i v e d so m e l t w b wi H e pro m pt ly su b
p o as r e n g .

st i t u t e d an ot h e r wo m an fo r h i s wi fe an d t oo k h e r b ac k i n sa fet y
,

t o Ran pu r . He re h o we v e r h e soo n aft e r wards k i ll e d a y o u n

g
M u h am m adan lad, wh o wi t h hi s m o t h e r was pro c e e di n g i
p g l
on ri

m ag e , an d wh o , e arl
y on e m o rn i n g , h appe n e d t o c ry al o u d t h e

c all t o pray er T h e inj u r e d m o t h e r re t rac ed h e r

. st e ps an d lai d

h er c o m pla i n t b e fo re t h e S u l t an , wh o fo rt h wi t h se n t a fo rc e nu
de r hi s si st e r s so n Ban aj i Bh an de ri
’
Bh an dari K h an ag ai n st .

K h an t h at day , y e t ag ai n st
’
s m arri ag e h ad b e en c e l e b ra t e d o n ly

th e ea rn es t e n t r ea t i e s o f h i s fr i e n ds h e v o lu n t e e re d t o lead t h e
di i Ran aji I I t h e Su l t an D h an dh u k a
’
ex pe t o n . o ppo se d s arm y at .
,

b u t was b eat en an d d ri v e n b a c k t o t h e g a t e s of Ra
n
pu r Hen c e .

he se n t wo rd t o h is wi v e s t h at i f t h e y saw h i s um b re lla g o do wn
t h ey sh o u l d u n de rst a n d t h at h e h ad b ee n sla i n . I t h appe n ed
t h at t h e u m b re ll a -
b ea re r fe e l i n g t h i r st y
, ,
se t i t do wn fo r a m o m en t

t o t ak e a drin k of wat e r T h e . u n fo rt u n a t e Ran i a b e l i e v i n g t h e i r

lo rd t o h a v e fall e n t h re w t h em se l v es i n t o,
a we ll i n t h e fo rt an d

pe rish e d . Sh o rt ly aft e r wards t h e c h i e f wh o h ad , c o n t i n u ed t he

b a t t le , also fell an d t h e S u lt an t roo ps t o o k po sse ssi o n of
’

, s the

fo rt t h o u g h wi t h t h e lo ss
, o ft h e i r c h i v al ro u s y o u n g c o m m an der

Bh an de ri K h a
n M ah m u d Be g ada aft e rwards prese n t e d Ran pu r
to t he de c e as e d RAn Aji s si st e r s so n H aloji Parm ar o f M u li wh o
’ ’

, ,

e m b rac e d t h e fai t h of I slam , an d h i s de sc e n dan t s ,

no w di v i ded
in t o fi ve fam i li es , st i l l h o ld n in e of the v i ll a
g es u n de r t he

Tfl ud ri t e n u re .

In A D . . 1 4 94 t h e Su l t dn h ad oc c a s i o n t o m arc h a
g a i n st

Bahadu r K h An Gilan i ,
a v assa l wh o h ad re v o l t e d ag ai nst the
Bah m an i k i n g of t he D e c c an ,
an d wh o fro m h i s fo rt o f D ab h o l in
,

t h e pre se n t Rat n ag i ri dist ri c t was c o m m i t t i n g pi rac y , on C am b ay

Guj arat po rt s
and o t h e r T h e S u lt an pre par ed an d se n t a fl eet
.

against t h e reb el , b u t t h e Ba h m ani k i ng , fearing t hat t h e

[ Fa r m em . a} 92

i n vasi on his t erri t o ry b y t h e Gujarat t roo ps wo u ld lead t o

of

di sast ro us resu lt s, h i m se lf t o o k t h e fi e ld ag ai n st hi s re frac t ory

v assal, an d ha v i n d d i t i h i m d h i s fl t
g s u c c ee e n c ap u r n g an ee ,

deli v e red o v er t h e lat t e r t o t h e Su lt an , t o wh o m h e also sent

t h e h ea d of th e re b e l .

T he t y ear t h e S u l t an m arc h ed o n W ag adh an d Idar

ne x ,

Rajas o f whi c h pro v in c e s h e e x ac t ed larg e ofi e ri n gs, and

'

fro m t h e
ret u rn ed t o M ah m udabad C h am pan er .

I n A H 9 04
. .
( A D 1
. 4 9.8 ) A di l Kh an Faru k i of K h an desh
h av i ng n eg l e c t e d t o sen d the u su al t ri b u t e, a fo rc e was despat c h ed
agains t t h at c o u n t ry . As soo n h o wev e r as t h e Su lt An reac h ed

t h e b an k s of t h e T apt i , A di l K h an paid u p t h e t ri b u t e i n full,

o fl e ri n g c u se s fo r t h e de l ay , an d t h e k i ng , ac c e pt i n g t h is
'

ex

apol o gy , re t u rn e d wi t h h is t ro o ps t o Ah m adab ad .

In A . D . 1 5 07, t h e Su l t an l e d an ex pe di t i on ag ai n st t he
“
Po rt u gu ese , wh o , h av in g b e c o m e po werful on t he we st e rn c oast
o f I n di a , h ad o f lat e u su rpe d t h e do m in i o n of t he se a, an d h ad
at t a
c ke d t he Gujarat posse ssi o ns o f M ahi m an d Bom b ay On .

hi s .

arri v al at D i u , h o we v e r t h e Su l t a
n l earn t t h at M al e k Aiaz ,
,

h i s de pu t y at Sc rat h , h ad alrea dy c ol le c t e d a fl e e t , and wi t h t h e

aid o f a sq u adro n se n t b y t h e S u l t an o f Tu rk ey , wh o was jeal ous

of Po rt u gu ese i n fl u en c e in I n di a h ad i n fl i c t e d o n t h e Port u g u ese

,

a t erri b l e de feat an d su n k o n e o f t h e ir larg est v e sse ls. T hi s was

a m o st spl e n di d ac h i e v e m e n t on t h e pa rt of M al ek Aids , and

t h e Su lt an , c o n fe rr in g h ig h fav o u rs on h im , sen t h im a ro b e of

h o no u r i n re c o g n i t i o n o f h is se rv i c e s, an d, aft e r a st a
y o f a week

T h e P o rt u gu e se we re t h e fi rs t E uropeans t o se t t l e i n I ndi a T h ei r
,

e m i ssary C ov il h am re ac h ed C al i c u t ab o u t A D . .
1 4 8 7 b y l and, an d a fleet
‘

u nde r V as c o-
da-G am a cast an c h o r ofl the sam e c i ty t h e 2 ot h M ay 1 493.
on

000 was . se i z e d i n A D 1 5 1 0,
. . and h as si n c e re m ain e d t h e c a i t al of Pop
p
[P aar 94

q u an t i t i e s o f foo d Su lt an M ah m u d was c apab l e o f eat i n g . His

da i ly all o wan c e i s st at e d i n t h e M i rat i Si k an dari t o h a v e b een- -
,

one Gu jarat i m au n d of 4 0 lb s we ig h t
. . T h i s m u st o f c o u rse h av e
in c l u de d m u c h t h a t r e m ai n e d o v e r . I n t h e m o rn i n g a ft e r his

p y
ra ers it is sa i d t h at h e u se d t o t ak e a c u pfu l o f h o n ey and

an o t h e r o f b u t t er , an d al o n
g wi t h t h e se h u n dred pl an t ain s
a .

E v e n i f t h e lat t e r we re of t he sm all e r k i n d, st ill t h e all o wan c e

ab o v e st at e d wo u ld b e al t o g e t h e r ex t rao rdi nary T h e r e . a re o t h e r

c u ri o u s le g e n ds r e l at i n
g t o h i m ,
one of whi c h i s t h a t s u n dr y

po i so nou s dru g s pro du c e d n o e ffec t u

po n h is sy st e m . Hi s sk i n i t ,

i s st at e d was i t s e l f so
, sat u r at e d wi t h po i so n t h at i f a fl y c h an c ed
to se t t l e o n h i s h an d i t fe ll t o t h e g ro u n d dead T o sh o w h o w fo n d .

h e was of t h e di spl ay of g ran de u r , t h e t rav e l l e r V art h e m a n ar

rat e s t h at e v e ry m o rn i n g wh e n t h e S u lt an l e ft hi s b e d t h ere was

a a a
p r d e of fi ft y e l e ph an t s i n fr o n t o f h i s pal a c e wh i c h r e t u rn e d
to t h e i r st ab l es a ft e r do in g h i m r e v e r e n c e Th e y di d h i m t h e sam e .

r e v e r e n c e at t h e h ou r o f di n n e r . A b o u t fi ft y k i n ds of m u si c al

i nst ru m en t s we r e play e d du ri n g t h e t i m e o c c u pi e d i n di n i n g He .

h ad v e ry l o n g m u st a c h e s wh i c h we r e t wi st e d l i k e a c o w s h o rns
’
.
,

T o t h i s fac t so m e h av e at t r i b u t e d h is su rn am e o f Be g ada ; b u t
a n o t h e r an d m o r e pl a u si b l e o ri g i n of the n am e h as b e e n c o n eej
t u r e d, vi z .
,
t h at h a v i n g c o n q u e r e d an d a n n e x e d t o hi s t e rri t o ries
t h e t wo (Be ) st ro n g fo rt re sses (G h ad) o f G i rn er an d C h am pane r ,

h e b e c a m e wi de ly k n o wn t h e Be g a da.
as M ah m u d Be g adawas
v er
y f o n d o f t re e s an d e n c o u r a e d t h e i r
g g r o wt h t h r o u g h o u t h i s

do m i n i o n s T h e ab u n dan c e
. of m an g o g r o v es an d o f o t h e r fr u i t
t re e s i n an d ab o u t Ah m adab ad ,
an d t h e lo n g a v en u e of m an go
t he v ill a f Bag Fardo sh c o m m o n l y c all e d A m rai,
’
t re e s n ear g e o ,

are asc r i b e d t o h is c a r e an d e n c o u r ag e m e n t . I t is fu r t h e r st at e d

a He av e n ly garde n Lan ds i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h i s o nc e fav o u re d spot

.

h av e , for t h e l ast fe w ye ars, b e e n t u rn e d b y t h e A h m adab ad M uni c i pali t y

i nt o a nigh t soi l - depot .
t
 9 5 Su n s M As u ns sneu n
’ ’
.

t h at m ost o f t h e el egan t h an di c raft s an d art s carri ed on in Ah m ad

ab ad we re i n t ro du c ed u n de r t h i s m o n arc h fav o u ri n g pro t e c t i on
’
s .

He was m o reo v e r
, , a g reat l o v e r o f arc h i t e c t u r e an d b u i lt m a n i
g ,

fi c e n t c ara v an s e rai s an dlodg in g plac es fo r t r av e lle rs He also .

fou n de d se v e ral c o ll e g e s an d m osq u e s Hi s g e n e ro u s ex am ple .

was fo llo we d b y hi s n o b le s an d o ffi c e rs, wh o v i e d wi t h on e an

ot h er i n t h e spl en do u r o f t h e i r a r c h i t e c t u ral b u i ldin g s t o whi c h
,

t he n u m e ro us m auso l e u m s i n an d aro u n d Ah m adab ad b e ar

am
p l e t e st i m o n
y T h e b ea.u t i fu l a v ( a w e l l w i t h g aw
ll e ri e s

an d fl i h t s o f st e s t A a a b t m il f m A h m da b a d
g p a s rv a o u a e r o a ,

k n o wn the Dada Ha ri s we ll was b u i lt b y lady d Bai

’
as , a n am e

Hari of M ah m u d Be g adéfs h o u se h o l d T h e San sk ri t i n sc ri pt i on .

on on e o f t h e g all e ri es o f t h i s we ll sh o ws t h a t i t was b u i l t o n

M o n da y t h e 1 3 t h of t he l ig h t h alf o f t h e m o n t h of Po sh Sam v at
1 5 5 6, wh i c h c o rr e spo n ds to A D . 1 4 99 1 5 00 -
. T he c o st is
est i m a t e d at ab o u t t h r e e l ac s o f ru pe es . A si m i l ar well at Adal aj
on t he ro ad to D isa dat e s fro m A D . 1 4 9 9 , h a v i ng b e en c on

st ru c t e d b y R u db ai Ran i t h e , c o n so rt o f o n eVi r Si n g h V ag h el a,
t h e n T h ak o r of K al o l , at a c o st o f ab o u t fi v e h u n dr e d t h o u san d

T an k ahs . He re i t will pe rh aps not be am i ss i f we de v i at e

sh o rt ly fro m M ah m u d Be g adas t i m e t o t rac e t h e o ri g i n o f
’

Vir S in g h H e is su ppo se d t o h av e b e en a de sc e n dan t o f t h e

.

o ld VAg h e la dyn ast y of wh o m t wo b ro t h e rs W arsoji an d J e t oji

had b e e n dri v en i n t o o u t la wry b y t h e lo ss o f t h e i r e st at es . On e

day i n t h e i r despai r t h e y i n t e rc e pt e d an d at t a c k e d the c a rri ag e s

S ul t An Ah m a d s c h i e f q u e en an d h e r fe m al e c o m pan i o ns wh il e
’
of

t h ey we re g o in g on e Fri day t o t h e m au so le u m o f Sh ek h Ah m ad
Kha t t u Ganj Bak h sh -
an d the e sc o rt was laggi n g b e hi n d On t h e .

earn est e n t rea t i e s an d o n h e r pro m i se s t o h av e t h e i r

’
u ee n s
q
g ri e v an c e s re dresse d, t h e b ro t h e rs allo we d h e r an d h er c om

Th e q u e en t ru e t o h e r wo rd, i n t e rfe red

'

pan i o ns t o go u nm o lest e d. ,

on t h e ir b e half T h ey . also g ave t h ei r sist e r Lalan in m ariag e to

 96

t h e Su lt dn , wh o was pleased t o gran t t h em fi v e h u ndred v illages

in t h e K alo l di st ri c t fo r t h e i r su ppo rt. Vi r Sin g h t oo k as hi s sh are
K al o l an d t wo h u n dre d an d fi ft y v ill ag es in t h e n e ig h b our h oo d of
SAnan d Th e lat t e r o win g t o i t s splen di d wh eat c ro ps e v en t ually
.
, ,

b ec am e a v e ry v al u ab le possessi o n K alo l was l ost i n A D 1 72 8

. . .

b y Vi r S i ng h desc en dan t Bh ag at Si n g h , wh o
’
s r e t ir e d to
Lim b o dra whi c h i s st ill h e ld b y h i s de sc en dan t s
, .

M ost M ah m u d Be g adas m i l i t ary ex plo i t s h av e b een

o f S u l t An
’

al r eady m e n t i o n e d H e was t h e m ost re n o wn e d o f all t h e G uj arat

.

S u l t én s an d du ri n g h i s re ig n t h e spl e n do u r o fGuj arat was g re at ly

,

i n c rease d E v e n t h e E m pe ro r of D e lhi se n t hi m pre se n t s and ,

t h us v i rt u all
y ac k n o wl e dg e d G u j arat as a se parat e k in g do m .
[P ar r 2 . cm . 98

v ie win g t h e ac t i o n o f t h e G uj arat k i n g i n i t s pro per l i g h t , su d

de n ly l e ft fo r h is o wn c o u n t r , h av i n i v e d an i i t t i
y g r e c e n v a o n

fro m so m e o f hi s n o b le s , b a t t l e t oo k plac e b e t we e n hi m
an d a

an d h i s b ro t h e r s
’
mi n i st e r n am e d M e dn i Rae i n whi c h t h e fo rm er
was de fe at e d . The i
v c to r ou s i m i n i st e r h ad a lr e a d
y g a i n ed

g reat in fl u en c e o v er M ah m u d an d t h e wh o le po we r of M an du

no w fe l l i n t o h i s h an ds . He e n t ru st e d e v en t h e h o u se h o ld
a ffai r s o f t h e S u lt an t o t h e m an ag e m e n t of h is o wn r e l at i v es

an d fr i e n ds ,
a n d ca u se d t h e de a t h of t h e M u sal m an n o b l es one

a ft e r the o t h e r, l n de r i n t h i t d fi t i
p u g e r
p p y
r o e r a n c o n s c a n g
t h eir e st at e s . O n e v e ry si de t h e t o k e n s o f i do l at ry i n c r e as e d .

W hen t h i s was t o Su lt an M u z a fl a r h e was m u c h

'

all nt ed
re
prese

m o v ed by re l i g i o u s z e a l , a n d a t o n c e red ( i t h m t h of
p re
pa n e o n

S h av al A H 9 1 8 A D .
, . . to m arc h a
g ai n st M al wa in
o rder to c ru sh t h e po we r of M e dn i Rae an d re st o r e M u h am m a
dan su pre m ac y . Aft e r h i s arr i v al a t G o dh ra h o we v er ,
, at whi c h
t o wn h e h ad o rde re d h i s t ro o ps t o c o n c e n t rat e , h e was o b li ge d

t o m arc h b ac k ag a i n st Idar t h e , c h ie f o f wh i c h st at e Rav Bhén, ,

s o fli c er se n t a g ai n st
’

h ad re b e l l e d an d h ad de fe at e d t h e k i n g h im .

On reac hi n gM o das a t h e S u lt an g av e o rde rs t h at I dar sh o u l d b e

,

e n t i re ly de st ro y e d T h e Raj a h e ari n g o f t h i s at o n c e se n t apo

.
, ,

lo g i es an d t h e t r i b u t e o f t we n t y lac s o f T an k ah s sai d t o b e e qu al
to t we n t y t h o u sa n d o h u n dre d h o rses an d o t h er
ru
pees ,
ne
p
re

r e adi ly t he afl ai rs o f
'

se n t s , wh i c h we re a c c e pt e d t h e m o re as

M alwa st ill de m an de d t h e Su lt an s at t e nt i o n (A D
’
. .

S u l t an M u z afl a r r e t u rn e d t o G o dh ra, a n d t h e nc e we nt
'

nex t
on to D o h ad . H a v i ng g i v e n o r de rs fo r t h e re pa i r o f t h e for
t ress of t h a t t o wn , h e c o n t i nu e d h is m arc h t o wards M al wa .

On t h e w a y t h i t h e r,
h e h e ar d t h a t M e d n i R ae h a d c arr i e d h is

ro t ég é t C h d i T h S l t a t h b l i c ly p roc l a i m ed
p o a n e r e u n e n
q .

t h at i n u n de r t a k i n g t h e pre se n t ex pe di t i o n, h is o b ec t
j was no t

t o ann ex M al wa t o h i s t e rri t o ri e s, b u t si m ply t b dri v e a way

 99 S U LTA N M o u '
rn s II .

M e dn i Rae an d o t h e r i n fi de ls, an d to re c o n c ile t h e t wo b ro t h e r

pri n c e s . As o ne of t h e t wo , h o we v e r , h a d a lr e a dy invok ed th e
a id of t h e k i ng of De lh i , t h e S u l t an de c lare d t h a t h e wo u l d
wa i t a n d se e t he re s u l t o f t h is a
ppe al an d a c t as t he o c c a si o n

m ig h t re
q u i re . T h e fa m e of h u n t in g park o f
t h e pa l ac e s an d

mam as ’
fo rm e r c a pi t a l D h ar h a d s pre ad fa r an d wide , a n d

ac c o r di n l
g y t h e k i n
g pr o c e e de d t hi t h e r wi t h a l i g h t de t a c h
m ent, and de v o t e d h i m se lf fo r a wh i le t o t h e c h ase . Th e n ,
aft e r v isi t i n
g t h e de e r pa r k a t D i lwara ,
he r e t u rn e d ! to

A h m a dabad, b e i n g u n wi l li n g t o a ss u m e t he r e s po ns i b i li t y o f

i n t e rfe ri n g fu rt h e r i n a
q u a rre l i n wh i c h on e o f t h e par t i e s h ad

so l ic ite d t he as sis t an c e o f t he De lh i k in g .

T he su b se q u e n t e v e n t s i n M al wa a ppe r t a i n t o t h e h is t o ry
of t h a t pro v i n c e . I t is e no u g h h e re t o st at e t h a t i n A H 9 2 0, . .

( A D 1.5 1 4 . h av i n g h e ar d on h is r e t u rn fro m M al wa t h a t
Rav Bh an t h e Raj a o f I da r was de ad ,
and t h at h is g ran dso n
h i s fa t h e r i n l aw, t li e
'

R a i m a l h a d t h ro u g h t h e
, asss i s t a n c e of - -

Rana o f C h i t o r , ass u m e d t he s o v e re i g n p we r t o t h e e x c lu si o n
o

of t h e Ra as j ’
so n Bh ar m a l t h e , S u l t an t o o k o ffe n c e at t h e i n t er5
-

v e n t io n o f t h e Ran a, a n d o rde re d t h e J a g ir dar o f A h m adn ag a r

to ex pe l R a i m al a n d se a t B h ar m al on t h e I dar t h ro n e . T hi s
was e ffe c te d wi t h m uch t ro u b le , an d le d t o se v e ra l e n g ag e

m ent s wit h v ar i
y gn re s u l t s b e t we e n t h e S u l t a n
’
s a rm y an d

t h at of t h e I da r c h i e f, A H 92 3. .
, A . D 1517
.

I n t h is y e ar s e v e r al n o b le s fro m M al wa fl e d t o G uj a rat ,

an d r e pre se n t e d t o M u z a fl ar S h ah t h a t h is t o A h m ad
'

on re t u rn

ms , t he Delh i t roo ps h ad a l so g one b ac k , an d t h a t M e dn i R ae

A c c o rd i n g t o t h e ac c ou nt i i t h e h i st o ry of M an d by a Su b
u
0
g v e n n

b e lt e rn (
n am e n o t g i ve n )
’
and pu b l is h e d b y C ol W . K i nc ade t he re aso n of

M uz afl a r a
'

re t u rn
'
fro m Dh ar was t h e de fe at of a po rt i o n o f hi s arm b
y y
'
M edni Bi o neu n an du , a ; s . 9 19 , A . 1 5 1 3- 1 4 .
[ P aar 1 00

h ad i n t h e m ea n t i m e , b e c o m e
, s u pre m e i n po we r T h ey fu rt h er .

a t M a h m u d was
st at e d
zt h no w k ing i n n am e o n l ,
y a nd s t o o d
i n h o u rly da n g e r of b e in g b l in de d or i m pr iso n e d . T h e S u l tan
a c c o r di ng ly pr o m is e d t o m arc h t o t h e i r as s i s t a n c e a t t he c lo se

of o
t he ra i n
y s e as o n . In t he m e an t i m e , M ah m u d h i m se lf ,

disg u s t e d at se e i n g t h e wh o le re so u rc e s of h i s k i n g do m i n
t h e h an ds of M e dn i R ae , l e ft M an du on t h e pre t e x t of

g oi ng on a h u n t in g e x c u rs i o n , an d b y b ri b i n g t h e g u ard
e sc a pe d a t n i g h t wi t h h is wife t o G ujarti t wh e re t h e k i n g fu r,

n ish e d h i m wi t h t e n t s, e l e ph an t s, h o rs e s an d al l t h at was n ec es

s ary fo r a ro y a l g u est . He t h en a d v an c e d t o wa r ds M al wao n t h e

1 8 th of N o v em b er 1 5 1 7 . At t h i s t i m e M e dn i Rae , wh o h ad
b ee n re pa i r i n
g t h e fo r t r ess at D h ar fl e d
, t o Ch it o r t o o b t ain

ass i s t an c e fro m Ran a Sti n g a , and D har r e a di ly o

pe ned i t s g a t es
'

t o t h e Gujarat a rm
y wh
,
i c h t h en a dv a n c e d an d la i d si e g e to
M an du A ft e r s e v e ra l m o n t h s t h at s t ro n f t re ss was t a k e n
.
g o r

by s t o rm o n t he 2 nd of S afar A H 9 2 4 . .
( A D . . 1518 bu t no t

u n t il n i n e t e e n j
t h o u sa n d R a pu t s h a d b e e n sl a i n . O n t h is cc

c as i o n t h e i r wi v es a n d c h i l dr e n pe rfo r m e d t h e J o har c e r e m o ny

( i m m o l a t i n
g t h e m se l v e s on a v ast fu n e r al py r e ) in o rde r to

re v e n t t h e i r fa l l i n g i n t o t h e h a n ds of the en em y
p .

T h i s c o n q u e s t h a v i n g b e e n e ffe c t e d a t t h e c o st o f t h e l i v es of

so m e t wo t h o u san d o f t h e G uja rat so l di e rs, the o fl i c e rs o f Su l t an

M u z a fl a r s a rm y dv i se d h i m t o re t ai n t he wh i c h h a d so
' ’
a c o u n t ry

afl a r Sh ah , t ru e
'

o ft e n b een a so u rc e o f a n n o y a n c e t o G u ja rat M u z .

t o h i s wo rd s ai d t h a t h e h a d u n de r t a k e n t h e e di t i o n to o b li ge
p ex

b ro t h e r k i n g an d n o t t o de pri v e h i m o f h i s k i n g do m Fe ari n ,
a , g .

h o we v e r les t h e m ig h t b e fu r t h e r t e m pt e d t o a nn e x t h e c o u n t ry,
.

h e di d n o t e v e n s t ay i n t h e fo r t t h o u g h c o rdi al ly i n v i t e d b y
,

t h e M al wa k i n g b u t ,
re t u rn e d t o h is e n c ai m pm e n t .

On M u z afl ar s dep art u re, Mahm u d ip t o kenof b i g m m

' ’
,
[ P a r 2 c an
. . 1 02

no t onl
y sai d t h a t Rana San g a was a do g "
,
but e v e n c al le d

h is b y t h e Ran as n am e an d t i e d i t a t h i s do o r a n d
’
a do g of ,

t he n t a u n t i n g t h e b a rd b a de h i m g o a n d t e ll t h e Ran a a l l t h at
,

h e h ad se e n an d h e a rd . T he R an a, wh e n i n fo rm e d, was
fi re d wi t h ra g e , an d m arc h e d wi t h a n a rm
y of fo r t y t h o u sa n d
h o rse on I da r . N iz am -
u l q n u lk a t o n c e se n t m e sse n g e rs t o t h e

S u l t an st a t i ng t h a t h i s g a r ri s o n d i d n o t c o n s i st o f m o re t h a n a

t h o u sa n d so ld i e rs . So m e of t h e m i n i s t e rs we re , h o we v e r, i n i
m i c al t o h im ,
an d, m i sre pre s e n t i n g m a t t e rs t o t h e Su l t an , de lay ed

s e n di n
g re i n fo rc e m e n t s, so t h a t t h e Ran a was a b le wi t h o u t
di ffi c u lty to en ter I da r . N iz am -
u l- m u lk ,
a b an do n i n
g t he
c a pi t a l wi t h g re a t r e lu c t a n c e we n t t o A h m a dnag ar wh e re , s m al l

r e i n fo rc e m e n t s a rr i v e d . A b r i ll i an t b a t t le t o o k pl ac e , i n wh ic h
t h e M u h a m m a da n s s h o we d g re a t b ra v e ry , b u t t h e y we re at

le n g t h p we re d b
o ver y s u pe ri o r n u m b e rs T h e Ran a t h e n t oo l:
o .

A h m adn ag a r wh ic h h e g a v e up t o pl u n de r
,
H e n e x t we n t t o .

W a dnag ar wi t h a v ie w to sa c k it a ls o , b u t t he e a r n e st e n t r ea t i es

of t h e B rah m a n s of t h a t plac e c a u se d h i m t o de s is t . A c c e pt i n g
ala rg e pre se n t fro m t h e m h e s h ape d h i s c o u rs e fo r V i sal n ag ar,,

wh ic h t o wn h e pilla g e d S o o n , h o we v e r t h e n e ws c a m e t h at t he
.
,

S u l t an fo rc e s we r e t h e i r way fr o m Pat an an d
’
s on A h m a dabad,
an d ac c o r d i n g ly t h e Ran a i m m e di a t e ly r e t re a t e d t o war ds Idar
an d t henc e re t u rn e d t o h is o wn c ou nt r
y . Th u s t h e en m it y of

t h e m i n i s t e rs a
g ainst N iz am -
ul -
M u lk r e su l t e d i n di sg rac e t o
G uj a rat an d t h e lo ss of m an y l i v e s .

E ag e r h o we v e r t o re t ri e v e h i s h o n o u r , M u z afl a r S hah
'

se nt

a l a rg e y ( A
a rm D 1 5 2 1 ) u n de r M
. a l e k A
. i az S u l t a n , g o v e rn o r

o f So ra t h t o i n v a de C h i t o r T h e
,
y r a v a e d t h e d is t r i c t o f
g .ag e r w
t h e Raj a o f wh i c h h a d j o i n e d t h e R an a i n h i s pre v i o u s
'

st at e

ex p e di t i o n , an d the c a pi t a l D u n g a r pu r was re du c e d to ash es

a
Sag n i s t h e pe rsian fo r a dog.
 SULTA N M II
'
.
1 03 u z arrm . .

M a le k A i az t h e n lai d sieg e t o t h e Rand s fo r t of

’
a dv a n c e d, an d

M a n de sa r t h e wa lls , of wh i c h we r e t e n fe e t t h i c k . H e re t h e
E dn a se n t o v e r t u re s o f
pe ac e , a po lo iz
g i n g fo r h is b e h a v i o u r an d
o ffe ri n g to r e t u rn al l h e h a d t ak e n i n h is fo r m e r i n v as i o n , to

p y a i n an
c re as e d t r i b u t e ,
a n d t o pa s s a w r i t t e n a
g re e m e n t p r o

wis i n g s u b m iss io n an d o b e di e n c e fo r t h e fu t u re T h e re b e i n g .

a t t h i s t i m e d i s se n s i o n s i n h i s a r m M l k A i a t h ou ht i t
y a e z
g ,

pru de n t to re s t c o n t e n t wi t h t h e su c c e ss a l re a dy a c h i e v e d, an d,

ac c e t i n t h e pro pos e d t e rm s of wi t h o u t t h e S u l t a n fu ll
’

p g pe ac e s

c o n fi r m a t io n , m a rc h e d b ac k t o G u j arat . S u l t an M a h m u d K h i lj i
of M al wa, wh o h a d G uj arat S u l t an s ass i s t a n c e , a lso
’
com e t o t he
re t u rn e d t o h is c o u n t ry o n r e c e i v i n g fro m t h e Ran a a s u i t a b le

pres e n t . H is so n , wh o m t h e R i n d h ad h e ld . as a h o s t ag e ever

sinc e t h e M al wa k i n g D 1 5 1 9 , was a ls o re st o re d ,
’
. s de fe a t i n A . .

an d a c c o m
pa n ie d h is fa t h e r b a c k t o M al wa .

S u lt an M u z afi wa s dis ple as e d a t t h is t e r m i nat io n o f t h e

'

ar

war ,
an d, s e n di n
g b ac k M a le k A iaz t o h i s g o v e rn m e n t o f So ra t h ,

g a ve o u t h i s i n t e n t i o n o f re n e wi n g t h e c a m pa i g n a ft e r t h e ra i n s .

He was h o we v e r dissu a de d fr o m h is pu r po se b y a su b m iss i v e

, ,

e m b assy h e a de d b y t h e Ran d s so n i n pe rso n wh o b r o u g h t t h e

’

s t i pu l a t e d t rib u t e an d re se n t s
p .

T he nex t fe w y e ars t h e S u l t an passe d i n G uj a rat , s t re n

g
t h e n i n g t h e fo r t of M o dasa a n d o t h er fr o n t i e r po s t s, an d im

pro v i n
g t h e adm i n i s t ra t i o n o f th e c o u n t ry . H e fe ll sic k an d
di e d at A h m adab ad on t h e 2 nd of J u m dd a l - -
A k h ir A H . . 932

(A . D . a ft e r a re i
g n of f o u r t e e n y e ars a n d n i n e m o n t h s .

He was b u ri e d b e si de h i s fa t h e r i n t h e m au so le u m a t S a r k h ej .

W h i le j arat k i n g s M u z afi i n lea rn i n g
'

n o ne o f t h e Gu e x c e e de d ar

an d wi sdo m h e pro ve d h i m se l f a lso a b ra v e a n d a b le g e n e ral

,
.

H e i s s t i l l k n o wn b y t h e n a m e o f M u z a ffa r t h e C le m e n t o n ac ,

c ou nt o f t h e m e rc y h e was wo n t t o sh o w to a ll, an d e spec ia lly

 [ P AM 1 06

Aft er m u rderi ng Su l t an Si k andar, t h e v illai n I m éd u l

-

m ul k t o o k fro m t h e h are m t h e la t e M u z afi I I,n am ed

'

a so n o f ar

Nasir K h an t h en fi , v e o r si x y e ars o f ag e , an d pr o c l a i m e d h im
k ing u n de r t h e t i t le of M ah m u d Sh ah I I . T he n o b l e s, h ow
e v e r, we re g re at ly disple ase d wi t h I m ad -
ul -
m ulk , an d, t h i rst ing
for M u z afl ar S h ah s s e c o n d son
' ’
re v e n
g e , se n t sec re t m e ss ag es t o

Bah adu r K h an, appri sin

g h i m o f al l t h at h ad t ak e n plac e, and

ask i n
’
g h im t o re t u rn an d
g o v e rnh is fat h e r s k i n g do m , pro m is »

i ng at t he sam e t i m e t h eir h ear t y assist an c e an d c o o pe rat ion - .

I t is y h
n ec essar e re t o s t a t e t h a t B aha d u r K h a n , a b rav e an d
e n t e r ri sin
'

i h d i f h li f i l f G
’

p g p r n c e , a , d u r n
g h i s a t e r s e t m e , e t u

ja ra t i n d is
g u st i n A D 1 5 2
. 4 , o w
. i n
g p a r t ly t o t h e i n su fi c i e n c y
of h is JAg i r a n d par t ly t o j e al o u sy e n t e r t ai n e d t o wards h i m
b y h is e l de r b ro t h e r S ik an da r, t h e h e ir apparen t M u z afi ar
'

S h at h was m u c h dist resse d wh e n h e h e ard o f h is so n s

’
de par ~

t u re, a n d e n de a v o u re d, b ut wi t h ob t t o persu ade h i m t o

a v ai l,

re t u rn t o G uj arat . Bah adu r K h an fi rst we n t t o Ban s v araand

t h e n c e t o C hi t o r, wh e re t h e Bli n d t re at e d h i m k in dly One
. v e ry .

day, h o we v e r an u nh appy i nc i de n t o c c u re d T h e Ran d s n eph e w

’
, .

g av e Bah a d u r K h an a n e n t e r t a i n m e n t , a t wh i c h a dan c i n
gg i rl
of g re at b eau t y was su m m o n e d t o pe rfo rm . S ee i n g t h at t h e
G ujarat pri n c e was m u c h s t ru c k wi t h h e r e x q u isi t e dan c i ng,
t h e Ranas n e ph e w t o l d h i s g u e st (pro b ab ly wi t h ou t i n t e n ding
’

an y i nsu l t ) t h at sh e was t h e dau h t e r o f t h e K a t z i o f A h m ad

g
n ag ar, an d h ad b e e n c a rr i e d a way b y h i m wh e n t h e Ra tna
sac k e d t h at t o wn i n A . D . 1 520 . R ou se d t o su dde n an
g e r at

t h e dau g h t e r o f a K az i fo rc e d i n t o c o n c u b i n ag e , Bah Adu r

see i n g
'

K h an at o n c e u n sh eat h e d h is s wo rd an d c u t do wn t h e u nfo rt u
n at e R aj pu t pr in c e A g reat u pro ar
. e n su e d, an d t h e Rajpu ts
ru sh e d a t Bah adu r t o k i l l h i m o n t h e s po t , b u t t h e m o t h er of

t he M u d, wi t h si ng u lar prese n c e o f m i n d, ran fo rward h o l di ng

a dra wn dag g e r, an d de c lare d t h at sh e wo u ld st ab h erself
if any on e dare d t o t o u c h Bah adu r K h an wh o was t h ei r ,

g u est , an d wh o m sh e h ad c al le d h er son . T h us l hi s l ife was

 l 07 S ULTA N e m b u
'
.

sav e d b y h e r t i m e ly i n t e rv en t io n . T h e Ran a al so sai d t h at

h is n e ph e w was t o b lam e fo r h a v i n g pro v o k e d t h e Guj arat
pri n c e to su dde n an e r Bah a d K h an h o we v e r sa w t h a t h e
g u r .
, ,

was l oo k e d u po n wi t h dis t ru st b y t h e pe o ple o f C h i t o r an d ,

t h ou g h t i t wise t o l e a v e t h at t o wn A c c o rdi n g ly aft e r t a k i n g

.
,

l eav e of t h e Ran a, h e we n t t o M e wat , wh o se c h ie f o ffe re d to

ass is t h im sh o u ld h e des i r e t o a t t ac k G uj a rat . Bah adu r K h an ,

h o we v e r , t h a n k fu lly de c l i n e d t h e o ffe r , a n d sa i d he c o u ld n o t

m e di t a t e suc h t re a c h e ry as to a t t ac k h is fa t h e r . He n ex t pro
c ee de d as far as D e lh i
I t h a ppe n e d t h at a t t h a t t i m e t h e
.

k i n g I b rah i m Lo di h a d g o n e t o Pan i pat t o re pe l a n i n v as i o n

o f h i s t e rr i t o r b
y y Bab a r k i n
g o f K a b u l I b rah i m w as t h e r e .

fo re g lad t o a v a i l h i m se lf o f Bah adu r K h an s se rv i c es O n

’
.

o n e o c c as i o n t h a t r in c e re a t ly d i t i i h d h i m l f I
p g s n
g u s e s e n .

a s k i rm i s h b e t wee n t h e M u g h al a n d A fg h an t ro o ps so m e
of t he lat t e r we re c apt u re d, an d we re b e in g t ak en o ff

t he b a t t le fi e l d
-
wi t h t h e i r h an ds t ied an d wi t h ro pes

ro u n d t h e ir n ec k s . T h o u g h t h e k i n g was h i m se lf pre se n t ,
no o ne dare d t o at t e m pt t h e i r re sc u e Pr in c e Bah adu r,
.

t h e g allan t ran dso n of M ah m u d Beg ada h e e dle ss o f t h e

g ,

dan g e r, das h e d u po n t he M u g h al t ro o ps wi t h h is sm all part y

an d, de fe at in g t h e m ,
d t h e pri so n e rs
r e l e ase T h i s e n t e rpri se
.

ri n c e Bah adu r s fa m e an d t h e D e l h i
’

g re a t l y re do u n de d to p ,

n o b l es e v e n t h ou gh t of m ak i n g h i m t h e i r l e a de r . Th is h o w
e v e r ex c i t e d j ea lou sy i n t h e m i n d o f I b rah i m Lo di, an d Bah adu r
K han t h e re fo re a b ru pt ly le ft fo r J u an pu r, wh i t h e r t h e De l h i
’

no b les se n t e n v o y s, in v i t i n g h i m t o t ak e c o m m an d o f the arm

y,
and st at i n g t h a t t h ey we re rea dy to ac k n o wle dg e h i m as t h ei r
k i ng . T h e pri n c e was ab o u t t o ac c e pt t h is i n v i t at io n, wh e n
t h e m esse n g e rs fro m G ujarat arri v e d wi t h l e t t ers fro m t h e
n o b l es o f t h a t pr o v i n c e Bah a du r K h an
. t h e re fo re r es o l v ed t o

re t u rn t o h is n a t i v e c o u n t ry a n d av e n g e Si k an t h e m u rde r of

dar .A c c o rdi n l
gy a ft er s pe n di n
g fo u r day s i n t h e u su a l ri t es
of m ourni ng , h e left J nan pu r an d s e t o u t fo r A hm adab ad .
 1 08

C HAPTE R V I I I .

T h e R e ig n of Su lt an Bah ad u r .

F R OM 1 5 2 6 t o 1 5 3 7 A . n .

Bahadu r K h an pro c e e de d v i a C h i t o r, t h e Raj ao f whi c h st ate

rec e i v e d h i m k i n d ly H e r e h e was
. m e t b y t h e Afg h an , Al i Sh er ,

an o fi c er i n t h e G uj arat arm y , wh o i n fo rm e d hi m o f al l t h a t h ad
t ak e n pl ac e su b se q u e n t t o S i k an dar s deat h From C hi t or he
’
.

m arc h e d t o D un g arpu r an d t h e n c e t o K a padv an j , wh e re sev e ral

o t h er e meers an d n ob le s j o i n e d Bahadu r K h an t h en pro

h im .

c e eded to M o dasa wh i c h fo rt h ad b e e n st re n g t h en e d b y M
,

u l- m u lk , b u t i t s g arriso n soo n su b m i t t e d t o Bah adu r K h an .

O n t h e 2 ot h . o f Ram z an A H 9 3 2 . . A
( gu u st 1 5 2 6 h e was
rec e i v e d at An h il war b y T aj K h an an d o t h e r n o b l es fro m Ah
m adab ad . T h e n c e h e adv an c e d wi t h ro y al po m p t o wards t he
c api t a l , wh i c h h e e n t ere d wi t h o u t m e e t in g wi t h an
y r e si st an ce,

an d , a ft er m ak i n g h i s o b e i san c e a t t h e t om b s of hi s an c est o rs in

t h e M an e k Oh o k , h e t oo k u p h i s ab o de i n t h e palac e i n t h e Bha dar .

O n t h e 2 7t h h e h e l d a
p u b li c D arb ar , an d o n t h e day of t h e Id
h M h d w y e ar s day c on fe rre d di st i n c t i ons
’

( t e u a m m a an ne

on the n ob les an d o ffi c e rs . H e fu rt h er c au se d t he K h u t b ah
( pu b l i c p y
ra e rs ) to b e re ad i n h i s n am e .

A ft e r t h e Id c e re m o n i es we r e o v e r, S u lt an Bah adu r m arc h ed

fro m t h e Gh at am an dal palac e o n t h e K an k ari at an k t o M ah m u d
ab ad , wh e re h e was j o i n e d b y addi t i o n al t ro o ps, t o wh om t h e
t rai t o r I m ad u l m u lk h ad g i v e n
- -
an adv an c e o f
p y
a in o rde r to
i n du c e t h e m t o re m ai n fi rm i n h i s c au se . Bah adu r Sh ah n ex t
c rosse d, t h o u g h wi t h di ffi c u l t y , t h e Sh e dhi ri v e r , at t h at t i m e in
fl oo d, an d h al t ed at N adi ad . T h e Su l t an l e ft t h at t o wn on the
l 6t h of Sh awal , an d c r o sse d t h e r i v e r M ahi at t h e K h an pu r ford .

T h enc e , l eavi ng h i s m ain arm y b e h i n d, o wing t o t he difi c u lt y o f

[Paar 2 . 0w . 110

i n t reat y wi t h t h e Port u g u ese t o su rren der Di u . Bah adur Shiih

ac c o rdin l
g y w e n t t o t h at
p o rt , w h e r e h e st ay e d fo r a m o n t h , an d
t h en re l ac in
p g t h e G o v e rn o r o f S o ra t h as w e ll as t h e c o m m an d er

at Di u b y o t h e r m o r e t ru st wo rt h y o ffi c e rs, h e re t urn e d vi a Talaja .

an d G og h a t o M a h m u dab ad wh e re Vi k ram aji t , so n o f Rana

,

San g a of C h i t o r wai t e d
, u po n hi m wi t h su it ab le p re se n t s . A ft er
spe n di n g a m on t h at M ah m u dab ad an d t hr e e m on t h s at Ah m ad
abad i n c ase an d pl e as u re , t h e S u l t an w e n t t o N an d o d , wh e re h e

re c e i v e d the su b m i ssi o n o f t h e Ra j a o f t h at st at e H e t h en .

p ro c e e de d t o S u rat , an d , r e t u rn i n g t h e n c e t o M ah m u dab ad , g av e

the so n o f t h e C h i t o r Ran a l e av e t o de part .

A b o u t t h i s t im e i t b e c am e e v i de n t t h at t h e Po rt u g u ese were
e n deav o u ri n g to est ab l i sh t h e m se l v e s o n t h e c oa st o f S o rat h , an d
to ac q u i r e o sse i o n of t h e fo rt o f Di u In o r de r t o fru st rat e t h eir
p ss .

desi g ns S u l t an Bah adu r was u n de r the n e c e ssi t y of de v o t in g

m u c h o f h i s t im e an d at t e n t i o n t o t h at i sl an d, an d h e fr e q u en t ly
l C b d G h a“ H fu r t h e r g av e o rders
v i s i t e d i t as a so a m ay a n o g e .

fo r t h e c o ns t ru c t i o n o f a fo rt at Bre ac h A D 1 5 2 7 o n t h e .

o ppo si t e c oast o f t h e g u l fo f C a m b ay . On re pr ese n t at i o n s m ade

M u h am m ad K h an A di l K h an Ru l e r of K h an
’
b y h i s si st e r s so n ,

de sh , S u lt an Bah adu r se n t an arm i n t o t h e D e c c a n i n ai d o f

y
the c h ief of G awe l , a fo rt i n t h e Be rars, wh o h ad b ee n pe rse c u t ed

b y N iz am Sh ah of A h m adnag ar T h e l at t e r was de feat e d an d his

.

c api t al pl u n de re d (A D . 1 52 9) an d t h e K h u t b ah was read i n t h e

G uj arat S u l t an I t i s sai d t h at in t h is di t i the
’
s n am e . ex pe o n

Su lt an
’
s fo r c e c o n sist e d o f n o t l ess t h an on e h u n dre d t h ousand
h o rse an d n in e h u n dre d fi g h t i n g e l e ph an t s .

S u l t an Bah adu r was o f a v e ry r e st l e ss di spo si t i o n . Aft er

p ay i n g o n e m o re v i si t t o Di u an d C am b ay an d pu rc h as i n
g fo r

T his fi n e se a- po rt t o wn was t wi ce t
b urnt b y h e Port ugu ese, once

i n 1 53 1 and agai n i n 1 5 46 A D . .
 1 11 Se an ’
s Bu nu
'
m .

his o wn u se the ent i re carg o o f a sh i p c o n t ai n i n

g am o n g st o t h e r

m e rc h an di se no l ess t h an t h i r t e en h u n dre d m au n ds o fro se wat er, -

t he Su l t an m arc h ed to W ag ar A H 93 7 ( A D . . . .

He re t h e D u n g arpu r Raja P r i t h v i raj wai t e d u po n h i m ,

an d

h is so n e m b ra c e d t h e M u h am m adan r e li
g i o n . T h e Su l t an
b ro u g h t wag ar in t o su b m i ssi o n , an d p o st e d
g ar r i so n s in s t ro n g

pl ac es .H e g a v e h alf o f i t s t e rr i t o ry t o P ri t h v i raj an d h al f t o
h is b ro t h e r C h ag a an d b e s t o we d t h e v i llag e
,
of San il a h on the
ne wl c t d ri n c e .
y o n v e r e p

A m b assado rs fro m R an a Ra t an s i n g h , t h e so n an d su c c e sso r

o f R an a san g a, al so wai t e d u po n t h e S u l t an wi t h pre se n t s, an d

com l a i n e d o f t h e c o n du c t o f M a h m u d K h i lj i o f M al wa i n a t
p
t ac k i n g h i s t e rr i t o r i e s S u l t an Bah adu r h ad h i m se l f r e aso n t o b e
.

disple ase d wi t h t h e M al wak i n g fo r h a v i n g , not wi t h st an di n g t h e

o b l i g a t i o n s u n de r wh ic h h e s t o o d t o h i s fa t h e r h ar b o u re d h i s ,

b ro t h e r C h an d K h an wh e n i rin t o t h e t h ro n e o f G uj arat
p as g .

M ah m u d h o we v e r se n t a m b a ss ado rs e x pr e ss i n g fr i e n ds h i p a n d

a de si re t o se e Bah adu r S h ah , wh o c o n se n t e d t o t h e i nt er
v ie w, b u t de lay e d fro m day t o day , an d t h e Gu j arat S u l tan
ac c o rdi n g ly m a rc h e d o n M an du in j
c o n u n c t io n wi t h the

ar m i es o f C h i t o r, Bh i lsa an d R a i se n . T h e G o v e rn o r of D h ar
l
a so c a m e o v e r t o h im Su l t an B a h adu r po st e d h is al li e s i n
.

t he s u r ro u n d i n g d is t r i c t s, a n d h i m se l f i n v e s t e d M an du wi t h

t he m ai n b o d y o f h i s a r m y, w h o s e a t t a c k s we r e se v e r a l t i m e s

b ra v e ly r e pu l s e d b y M a h m u d K h i lj i t h o u g h h i s
, g a r r i s o n d i d

no t e x c e e d fo u r t h o u sa n d m e n T h e y .w e re , h o we v e r a t l as t ,

wo rn o u t b y f a t ig u e , an d B a h a d u r S h ah , w i t h a se l e c t b an d o n

t he 9 t h o f S h a b a n A H 9 3 7
.
(2 8 t h.M a rc h 1 5 3 1 ) , e sc a l a d e d t h e f o r t

at
t h e p o i n t wh e r e i t was k n o w n t o b e m o s t di fi i c u l t o f a ppro ac h .

Tru s t i n g t o t h e i nac c essi b i l i t y o f t h e fo r t a t t h a t po i n t , t h e

'
ar ri so n h ad le ft i t u ng u ar de d, an d h e nc e t h e s t o rm i n g par t y,
g
aft e r i t h ad onc e su c c ee de d i n g ai n i n g t h e h e ig h t s, m e t wi t h
[ P ART 2 . cm . 1 12

b u t l i t t le o
ppo si t i on . The arm y t h e n proc e e de d t o i n v est t he

pal ac e , wh i t h e r M ah m u d h ad re t re at e d wi t h a v ie w t o defen d i t
t o t h e las t , b u t h e was o v e rpo we re d an d c o m pe l l e d to su rre n der

t o g e t h e r wi t h h is se v e n so n s . S u l t an Bah adu r, i t i s sa i d, was

i n c li n e d t o t re at h i m wi t h k i n dn e ss , an d e v e n to res t o r e h im
h i s k i n g do m , has
a d b e e n d o n e b y h i s fa t h e r ,
b u t M a h m u d i n

h i s pride an d a rr o an c e i n s u l t e d B a h adu r S hah t o h i s fac e,

g
wh e re u po n h e was o r de re d t o b e c o n fi n e d a n d se n t t o C h am pan er

t o g e t h e r wi t h h i s so n s . T h e G uj a rat pri n c e C h an d K h an fl ed
t o wa r ds t h e D e c c an d u r i n g t h e c o n fu si o n .

On t h e r o ad t o C h am pan e r t h e par t y e sc o r t i n g the u n fo r

t u n a t e K h i lj i s was a t t ac k e d by a b an d of Bh i ls an d K o lis,
su ppo se d t o h a v e b e e n m e r c e n a ri e s of t h e Ra pi pla j c h i e f, an d

the g u ard, fe a r i n g l e st t h e i r ro
y a l pr i so n e r s sh o u l d esc a pe,

k i l le d t h e m all . T h e K h i lj i fa m i ly of M al wa t h u s b e c am e ex

t in c t , and t h a t i m po r t an t pro v i n c e was an n e x ed t o t h e k i ng

do m of G uj arat ( A H 9 3 7, A D . . . .

Bah adu r S h ah spe n t the rai n

y se aso n at M an du , an d ap

o in t e d a G o v e rn o r a n d o t h e r o ffi c e rs t o t h e pro v i n c e He also
p .

t re a t e d t h e fo rm er n o b les wi t h k in dn e ss , an d c o n fi rm e d t h em
i n t h ei r Jag i rs .

In t h e s am e y e a r, h e ar i n g t h at R aj a M au si n g of Jh ala
v ar "
, a de pe n de n c y of G uj arat ,
h ad s ac k e d se v e ral of t he
G uj arat t o wn s an d k i lle d t h e c o m m an dan t o f th e D asada ou t

p o st , t h e S u l t an se n t an ar m
y ag a i n s t him , wh i c h t o o k ,
and

pe r m a n e n t ly se v e r e d fr o m t h e Jh alas t e rri t o ri e s
’

, hs
t h e parg ana
of V i r am g am an d M an da] ,
wh i c h no w fo r m pa rt o f t h e A h m ad
ab ad di s t ri c t .

The '
S u l t an t h e n pro c e ede d t o h i s n e ph e w M u h a m m ad ”

t e rr i t o ri e s o f Bu r h an pu r an d A si a, (9 t h Safa r A H 938
’
Faru k i s . .

1 N e w u nde r t h e K at h i awar P olit i c al A gen c y ,

 [P a r 2 . ou r .

c on q u e r the re st of the c ou n t ry ab o u t M an das ar ,

an d h i m self
“

a re t u rn e d t o h is c api t al M ah m u dab ad on t he 1 5th of Safar .

Soo n aft e r t h i s, i n t e lli g e n c e was re c e i v e d fro m Di u t h at t h e

Po rt u gu e se we re c o m ing wi t h a larg e fl ee t t o c apt u re t h at fo rt .

T h e S u l t an t h e re fo re , ab o u t the en d o f A H 9 3 7, A
. . . D . 1 5 31 ,

pr oc e e de d t o C a m b ay , an d the P o r t u g u e se fl e d o n h e a r i n g o f h is
a
pp ro ac h . T h e S u l t an, h o we v e r s t i ll pro c ee de d o n h i s way t o
,

Diu , an d as h is h e ar t was em b i t t e re d g a a i n st C hi t or b e c au se
t h e Ran a o f t h at pl ac e h a d se n t a fo rc e i n ai d o f S i l h adi, an d

h ad t h u s c au se d m u c h t ro u b l e an d de lay in the t ak i n g of

t h e Rai si n fo r t , t h e S u l t an de spa t c h e d fo r t h e sie

g e o f C h i t or
an i m m e n se E g y pt i a n g u n b rou g h t b y h i s T u rk i sh Ge n e ral
R u m i K h an ,
an d wi t h it on e h u n d re d o t h e r sm al l e r g u ns! . He
t h en r e t u rn e d t o A h m a dab ad v ia C am b ay , a n d a ft e r v i si t i n g

t h e t om b s of h is a n c e st o r s an d i ng h is r espe c t s t o h is spi
p y
a

rit u al pr e c e pt o r S h ah S h e k h j i n at B at v a, h e j o u rn e y e d i n a

si n g l e day t o M ah m u dab ad C h am pan e r . H e re h e m ar r i e d a

da u g h t e r of J am F i r o z , k i n g of S i n dh , wh o , on h i s de fe at b y
t h e M u g h al s, h a d t a k e n r e fu g e wi t h h i m in t h e m on t h of
R a m z an A . H . 93 5 ( A . D . 1 52 9

At M a h m u dab ad t h e S u l t an e n l ist e d s e v e ral t h o u sand

pi c k e d s o l di e rs , an d, b e in g a ware o f t h e st re n g h of t h e fo r t ress

of Ch i t or h e , c o l le c t e d a v as t su pply o f a rm s an d am m u n i t i on

an d p r o c ee de d t o M an du wh e re h e , c o n c e n t ra t e d h i s t ro o ps and

se n t t h em on t o wa r ds C h i t o r A t M a n dasar t h e y we re m e t b y
.

e n v o y s, wh o b eg g e d fo rg i v e n e ss fo r t h e Ran a, a n d c o m m u ni
c at e d h is r e a d i n e ss to c a rry o u t wh at e v e r o rde r was g i v e n b y
t h e S u l t an . T h e l at t e r , h o we v e r, r e fu se d to r e t i re , an d t he
a rm y m arc h e d on t o Ch itor ( j
R a a h A . H 9 3 9 A D 1 5 33 )
.
, . .

A ft e r pl u n de ri n g t h e su b u r b at t ac h e d t o t h e fo r t , t h e fo rc e u n der

T h is i s t h e fi rst m ent i on o f t h e re g u l ar u se of art i lle ry i n Gujarfli ,

T od s Rajast h an Vol . I, p 3 30
’
. .
 SULTA N BAHA DUR
'
115 '
.

Tat ar K h an so n o f Al am K h an Lo di c arri e d t h e P ark o t ah

( o u t er g a t e ) on t h e 6t h R aja h T wo day s
. a ft e r war ds t h e
s i eg e t ra i n a rr i v e d wi t h t h e b ig g u n wh i c h ,
s
pe e di ly c a u s e d

g r e a t h av oc b y le v e l li n g ra m pa rt s an d b u i l di n g s . A ll t h e
a rr a n g e m e n t s of t h e b e si e g e rs we re e x c e lle n t} an d we re so

e ffe c t i v e ly c arr i e d out t h at i n sh o r t t im e the a r r i so n

a g
was r e du c e d to the u t m o st s t ra i t s , an d the fal l of the
fo rt se e m e d i n e v i t ab l e . In t h is e m e rg e n c y t h e g ra n dm o t h e r
of t h e Ran a, wh o h a d sa v e d Ba h ad u r S h ah
’
s l i fe wh e n h e was
a r e fu g e e a t t h at c o u rt in A . D . 1 5 2 45, wr o t e a v er
y i m pr e ss i v e

l e t t e r t o Bah adu r S h ah , o ffe r i n g to s u r re n de r t o t h e Su l t an al l

t h o se t o wn s M al wa wh i c h h a d b e e n i n t h e Ran as
’
a n d v i l la s f
g e o

i si n c e h i s pre dec e sso r Ran a Sa n g a s v i c t o ry

’
s
po s es s o n o v er

M a h m u d K h i lj i i n A D 1 5 1 9 . . . S h e fu r t h e r pr o m i sse d t o pre
sen t h im wi t h a
g o l de n wa is t b an d a n d j e we l le d c ro wn o f
-

pr i c e l ess v a l u e , t ak en fr o m t h e sa m e M a h m u d K h i lj i , an d a l so

a d
re e t o p y
a fi v e l a c s o f r u
pe e s o n e h u n d r e d h o r se s a n d t en
g ,

e le ph a n t s i n t o k e n o f s u b m i ss i o n T h e S u l t an , o u t o f g r a t i t u de
.

fo r h e r pas t s e r v i c e s, ac c e e de d to h er pr ay e rs, an d r a i se d the

si e g e o f C h it or on t h e 2 7t h of S h ab an A H 9 3 9 . . 2 at h M ar c h
1 5 33 but o n ly to re n e w the a t t ac k t wo y e a rs l a t e r .

F ro m C h i t o r Bah adu r S h ah se n t a po rt i o n o f h is ar m y

u n de r t ru s t e d o fli c e rs t o R an t a m b h o r and Aj m e r t o re du c e t he

fo rt re sse s i n t h o se t o wn s . H e t h e n we n t t o M an du , wh i t h e r
the r e m ai n de r of h is arm y fo l lo we d an d t h e re en oyed j a

we l l e arn e d rest .

G uj arat h ad no w re ac h e d t h e z en i t h o f
i t s pro spe ri t y I ts .

t e rr i t o ry was b o t h l arg e a n d W e l l de fe n de d T h e k i n g do m .

o f M al wa was a n n e x e d, wh i le C h i t o r was t r e m b li n g an d

dest i n e d so o n t o fal l . T h e k i n g s of Delh i s o u g h t a n d o b t ai n e d

[P a r 2 c an . . 1 16

to ac k n o wl e dg e h is su pre m ac y . Fro m t h e fac t of t h e k i n gd om

of G uj arat h a v i n g a se a -
b o a rd wi t h no l e ss t h a n e ig h t y fo ur -

po r t s , e v e n S i k an dar Lo di of D e lh i u se d to say , t h e m ag n i

fi c e nc e of th e k ings of D e lh i c o n s i st s of o
wh e at an d b arl ey ,

wh i ls t t h at of t h e k i n gs of G uj arat h as i t s fo u n da t i o n o n c o ral

an d pe a r l s .

A ft e r a b r i e f pe ri o d o f i n ac t i o n an d wi t h ou t an y pro v o
t h e Ran as pa r t t h e i dea o f a n n e x i n g C h i t o r t o h is
’
c at i o n o n ,

k i n g do m a in t o o k po ss e ss i o n of t h e m in d of the am b i t io u s
g a

S u l t an Bah adu r . A c o n t r o v e r sy , h o we v e r, wh i c h e v e n t u ally

pro v e d r u i n o u s t o t h e G uj a rat S u l t an , aro s e b e t we e n h i m an d

t h e E m pe ro r H u m ay u n of De lh i . I t h as al r e a dy b e en s t at e d

t h at t h e Su l t an h a d g i v e n o fi en c e t o H u m ay u n b y sh e l t e ri ng

h is o ppo n e n t w an o t h er po li t i c al r e fu g ee
I b rah i m Lo di ,
an d n o

M u h am m ad J u m al M i rz a h u sb an d o f H u m ay u n s s ist e r aft er
’
, ,

i n t rig u i n g a
g ai n s t t h e E m pe ro r, fl e d t o G u j arat an d so u h t
g t he
S u l t an i A H D H u m ay u n wro te
’
s pr o t e c t o n ( 9
. 4 0 A .
, . . 1 5 33

se v e ra l l e t t e rs t o Bah adu r S h ah , c ou c h e d in v er
y c o u rt e o u s

t e r m s, ask i n h i m e i t h er to su r r e n de r t h e fu g i t i v e to l
g or ex pe

h i m fr o m h is do m i n i o n s b u t Bah adu r S h ah , pu ffe d u p wi t h h is

,

v i c t o r i e s, n o t o n l
y d e c l i n e d t o c o m l
py wi t h t h e r e q u e s t , b u t e x

pr e sse d h is r e fu sal ia v er
y o ffe n si v e t erm s
"

T h e i n fat u at e d G uj arat Su l t an m o re o v e r, i n h i s m a d desire ,

to an n e x C h it or ,
m ar c h e d ag a i n st t h at fo rt re ss i n st e a d o f rat h er

r e se r v i n g a ll h i s fo r c es t o c o pe wi t h t h e po we rfu l e n em y he

h ad i n h i s a r ro g an c e c r e a t e d .H u m ay u n l e ft Ag ra fo r C h i t or

( A H 9 41 A D b u t r e c o g n i si n g t h at b y a t t ac k i ng
'

. . .
.
,

Bah adu r S h ah wh i le t h e l a t t e r was e n g ag e d in t h e s i eg e, he

It i s s ai d t h at Bah adu r S h ah n ot b e i ng ab le to re ad or wri t e h ad

e m pl o ye d as h i s M u ns h i a m an di s m isse d b y Hu m ay u n . A c c o rdi ngly
t h i s M u n sh i , i n o rde r t o sl i g h t t h e E m peror, worde d t h e re pl i es in an
u nb e c om ing st yl e .
[Paar 2 . c an . 118

T h i s was ac c o r d i n g l
y d o n e, an d t h e Gu j arat t ro o ps were
a l m o st r e du c e d to s t ar v a t i o n . The o ppo s i n
g fo rc e s r e m ai n ed

in s ig h t of e ac h o t her fo r day s, but t he S u l t an s

’
so m e

a rm y b ec a m e so we a k e n e d as to b e qu it e u n ab le to c o pe

wi t h t h e fo r m i da b le A fg h an s . To a dd to t he d isast e r
R u m i K h an s e c r e t ly we n t o ver an d j o ine d t he enem y . At
l ast wh e n
,
s u ppl i e s we re ex h au st e d, S u l t an Bah adu r, h i t h er t o

u n ac c u st o m e d to r e v e rs e s , l os t h ear t , an d i n de spa i r c a u se d all

h i s d i a m o n ds an d o t h e r j e we ls t o b e de s t ro y e d H i s g u n s we re
.

n ex t b l o wn u p, t h e b u ll o c k s h a v i n g n o s t re n g t h t o pu l l t h e m ,

an d t h e t ru n k s o f t wo h is b e st fi g h t i n g e l eph a n t s we re c u t
of

o ff, in o rde r to re v e n t t h e m e v e r b e i n f i t t h m
p g o s e r v c e o e e n e y .

H e t h e n , wi t h a fe w h i s fo ll o we rs, fl e d b y n i g h t t o M an du
of .

T he a rm
y , on h e ari n g t h e n e x t m o r n i n g (2 5 t h M ar c h 1 5 3 5 ) of

t h e S u l t an fl i g h t fe ll i n t o g r e at c o n fu si o n , an d t h e E m pe ror
’
s ,

t ak i n g t h is o ppo r t u n i t y to a dv an c e, the c am p b ec a m e a sc e ne

of pl u n de r an d m a ss a c r e . H u m ay u n t h e n e x u lt i n l
g y e n t e red

t e n t s , wh i c h we r e al l c o v e re d wi t h b r o i de ry and
’
t h e S u l t an s em

i n t e r wo v e n wi t h g o l d an d e x c l ai m e d T h ese are t h e e q u ip
, ,

m e n t s o f t h e l o r d o f t h e se a r e fe rr i n
g b y t h i s e pi t h e,t t o t he

G uj arat Su l t an s s way o v e r t h e e i g h t y fo u r se apo r t s

’
-
.

M i dst t h e m e l an c h o ly h i s t o ry of S u l tan Bah adu r s m is

’

fo r t u n e ,
a n a m u s i n g s t o ry h as b e e n r e c o r de d by the au t h o r of
t he M i rat i S i k an dar i , wh o se fa t h e r
- -
ac c o m
pa n ie d H u m ay un in
t h is e x pe di t io n i n c h a rg e o f h i s li b ra ry . He r e l at e s t h at wh e n t he

v i c t o ry was c o m pl e t e t h e E m pe r o r ,
se at e d h i m se lf o n h i s t h rone

an d h e l d a g e n e ra l r e c e t i o n
p . N o b le s a n d o ffi c e rs st o o d b e fo re h im
wi t h t h e i r h a n ds fo lde d wh e n ,
a
parro t wh ic h h ad b e e n found
i n t h e pl u n de r o f Bah adu r S h ah s c a m p was b ro u g h t t o h im in
’

i t s c ag e T h e E m pe ro r wa s g re a t ly a m az e d at i t s u t t e rances
.
.

A t t h at t i m e R u m i K h an e n t e re d, an d t h e k i ng sa i d k i n dly t o
h im R u m i K h an , c om e h e re . T h e i n st an t t h e parro t h eard
 ’ ’
1 19 S ULTA N BAH A nna .

“
t he n am e , i t b e g an t o c al l o u t i n H i n du st an i Th a t sc o u n dre l

R u m i K h an re
pe a t i n
g t h e se wo rds se v e r al t i m e s R u m i K h an
.

h u n g do wn h is h e ad ab ash e d , an d the E m pe ro r, s t i ll fu r t h e r
su r pr i se d a t t h e b i r d s t al k , y e t u n wi ll i n g t o de st ro y so s t r an g e
’

“
a c r e a t u re , r e m a r k e d t o R u m i K h an , I f an y r a t i o n al b e i n g h ad
s po k e n t hus , I sh o u l d h a v e h ad h is t o n g u e c u t o u t, but wh a t
c an I do t o a s e n s e l e ss a n i m al

I t m ay b e t h a t t h e a b o v e i s n o t m e r e i dle g o ssi p, fo r t h o se ,

wh o a r e a wa re o f t h e po we r t o t a l k po sse sse d b y t h e se b i r ds will

n o t fi n d i t d iffi c u l t t o b e l i e v e t h a t a ft e r R u m i K h an s d e se r t i o n
’

fro m Su l t an Ba h adu r en o f h is b e in g
’
s c am
p, t h e m ar m
y ao

c u st o m e d to spe a k o f t h a t fo r e ig n e r i n t e r m s of di sre s pe c t t h e ,

p a r ro t m av have c au g h t u p t h e se ex p re s s i o n s fr o m t h e m . Hen c e ,

as in t h e s t o ry j u st r e la t e d, wh e n i t h e ar d R u m i K h an
’
s n a m e,

it at o nc e b e g an t o u t t e r t h e d is re s pe c t fu l ph r a se s i t h a d l e arn t ,
an d i n t h is way sh am e d t h e t ra i t o r .

S u l tan Bah ad u r ,
a ft e r h i s fl ig h t t o M an du , sh u t h i m se l f
up in t h at s t ro n g fo r t re ss ,
wh i t h e r t h e E m pe ro r H u m ay u n
fo l lo we d h i m a ft e r a sh o rt de lay i n c o lle c t i n g the s po i ls at

M a n dasa r He r e R u m i K h an
. a d de d t o h i s pe rfidy b y pe rsu a di n g
Bh u pa t R ai , u n de r t h e pr e t e x t of av en i
g gn t h e i n j u ry i n fl ic t e d
on h is fa t h e r S i l h ad i t o ,
o
pe n one o f the ci t y g a t e s, o f wh i c h
h e was i n c h a rg e a t t he t im e o f as sa u l t . T h is ag r e e m e n t was
c a rr i e d o u t, an d S u l t an Ba h adu r, c o n s i de r i n g h is c ase h o pe le ss,

de pa r t e d fo r G uj a rat (A H . . A . D . 1 5 3 5 ) l ea v i n g h is o ffi c e rs

t o de fe n d t h e re m a i n i n
g fi ve
g a t e s as b est t h ey c o u ld . So m e
H u m ay u n o b se r v i n fl
’

of s m e n, g h i s i g h t , pu r s u e d aft e r h im ,
b u t t h e S u l t an ,
on b e in g o v e rt a k e n, t u rn e d an d fo u g h t wi t h
b ra v e ry t h a t t h e y we re dr i v e n b ac k H u m ay u n
’
su c h n e r a ls ,
. s g e

on de fe a t i n g t h e t r o o ps l e ft t o de fe n d t h e c i t a de l , e n t e re d it
i n t ri u m ph , a ft e r wh i c h a g e n e ra l m a s sa c r e t o o k pla c e , s t r e a m s

of b loo d fl o wi n g i n t h e st ree t s o f man du .

[P AM 2 . on1 r . 8 .
] 120

Fro m t h at t o wn , Hu m ay u n m arc h e d o n C h am pan er , wh i t h er

Su l t an Ba h adu r h ad fl e d on h is way t o C a m b ay an d Diu .

C ham pan e r h ad b ee n le ft i n c h arg e of t ru s t e d o fli c e rs, who

de fe n de d t h e fo r t wi t h v al o u r . A t l as t , h o we v e r, so m e K o l is ,

fo o l is h ly se n t ou t t o pro c u r e pro v i s i o n s, t h e fo r t s t i ll c on

t a i n i n g ple n t y o f g ra i n , fe l l i n t o H u m ay u n s h a n ds, a n d i n o r der

’

t o sa v e t h e i r li v e s, s h o we d h i m a pa t h n o t k n o wn e i t h e r t o t h e
b es i e g e rs o r t o t h e b e s i e g e d By t h is t h e t ro o ps e n t e r e d, a n d su c
.

c e e de d i n t a k i n g C h am pan e r wh ic h m i g h t ,
o t her wi s e h a v e h e ld
ou t fo r a m uch l o n g e r t i m e (Sa fa r A H 9 4 2 , A u g u s t 1 5 3 5 A D l . . . . .

F ro m C ham pan e r H u m ay u n we n t t o C am b ay , wh e r e h e s pe nt
a fe w day s i n m ak i n g e x c u rs i o n s in t o t he n e i g h b o u r h o o d, b ut
h a v i n g b e e n m o l e s t e d b y K o l i s wh o i n t h e i r n i g h t a t t a c k s, e v en
, ,

e n t e re d h is pa v ili o n a n d c a r r i e d o ff h i s b a gg a g e a n d b o o k s, h e

g a v e t he u n o ffe n d i n
g t o wn u p t o pl u n de r . H u m ay u n left
C a m b ay fo r A h m adab ad wh e n c e h e ,
v isi t e d t h e t om b of K u tub ‘

ul -
A la m B u rhan -
u d di n-
at Ba t wa , a n d e n c am pe d h is arm y at

t he v i l la g e of G h i as pu r, t wo k o s t o t h e so u t h o f t he c i ty . Baha
du r S h ah , on the o t h er h an d ,
a ft e r l e a v i n g C am b ay , we n t t o
t h e po r t of Di u . He se n t o ff t o M e d i n a h i s fa m i ly , an d wi t h
t h e m 3 00 i r o n c h es t s, c o n t a i n i n g t r e as u r e an d je we l s . O n t his
o c c asi o n h e is sa i d t o h av e a l so de spat c h e d an am b a ssado r t o
C o n s t an t i n o ple wi t h c o s t ly n t s, i n c l u d i n the je we l le d b elt
pr e se g
t a i n e d fr o m t h e C h i t o r Ran as m o t h e r t h e v al u e of
’
h e h ad ob ,

wh i c h h as b e e n e st i m a t e d a t t h r e e k ro r e s of A sh ra fi s.
’ N one
of t h i s i m m e n s e t r e asu r e e v er fo u n d i t s way b a c k t o G ujarat ,

b u t it re m a i n e d wi t h t h e G ran d S i g n i o r o f C o n st an t i n o pl e who , ,

fro m i t s s i o n b e c a m e e n t i t l e d t o t h e a ppe l a t i o n o f Sn
po s s e s ,

l i m an t h e M ag n ifi c e n t (Br ig g s s Fe r i sh t a v o l I V p
'

. . .

T hu s i t c am e t o pass t h a t t h e re i
g n in
g S u l tan of G uj a rat,

T h e A sh ra fi i s a c o i n o f v ar i ab l e v al u e , b u t is c o m m o nly re c k o ned

as e q u al to o ne g o l d m o h u r (3 0 s h i ll i n s
g ) .
[ PART 2 . cm . 8 .
] 1 22

e ffec t e d a j u n c t i o n , a n d c o l le c t i n
g a fo rc e o f ab o u t fo rt y t h o u sand
h o rse , pro c e e de d t o wards Pat an wh e n c e t h ey se n t i n fo rm a t ion ,

t o Su l t an Bahadu r S hah , wh o j o i n e d t h e m wi t h h i s m e n T he .

E m pe ro r s C o m m an de r Yadgar Nas i r o A h m a dab ad

’
r e t re a t i n t
g ,

t h e S u l t an fo l lo we d, b u t on h is a ppro ac h the e nem y e n c a m pe d

at G h i aspu r . T h i s t h e y l e ft a t n ig h t fo r K a n ij t h re e K o s fro m
,

M ah m u dab ad wh ere t h e y we re ,
j o ined b y t ro o ps fr o m Bre ac h .

A t K an ij a we ll c o n t e st e d b at t le was fo u g h t b e t we e n S u l t an
Ba h adu r an d t h e i m pe ri a l t ro o ps , i n wh i c h t h e la t t e r we r e de
fe a t e d T h e y we re pu rsu e d as fa r as C h am pan e r a t wh i c h plac e
.
,

t h e S u l t an h al t e d se n di n g o n h o we v e r h i s n e ph e w M u h a m m ad
, , ,

S h ah A s i r i t o dr i v e t h e m fro m M al wa, wh i c h h e
‘
e ffe c t e d

A H 9 42 A
. .
, . D . 1 5 35 36 -
T h u s b o t h G uj a rat an d M al wa
we re re li e v e d o f t h e M u g h a ls a ft e r t h ey h ad o c c u pi e d t h e se

pr o v i n c e s fo r ab o u t n i n e m o n t h s, an d S u l t an Ba h adu r S h ah
re g a i n e d h i s k i n g do m .

An o t her en e m y de s t i n e d so o n to a r re s t t h e fu rt h e r c o u rse

of t h is e n e rg e t i c Su l t an was, h o we v e r, spr i n g i n g u p in t he west .

D u ri n g t h e day s o f h i s m i sfo r t u n e wh i le Bah adu r Sh ah was ,

s t ay i n g a t Di u t h e P o rt u g u e s e wh o h a d b ec o m e k n o wn in
, ,

t h is c o u n t ry by the n am e o f Fi ra n g is (Fran k s ), h a d t e n de red

h i m t h ei r se r v i c e a n d pr o m i se d h im a ss i s t a n c e a t t h e i r po rts .

Un de r t h e s t r a i t e n e d c i rc u m s t a n c e s i n wh i c h h e was plac ed,

t h e S u l t an ac c e pt e d t h e ir o v e r t u re s . I n re t u rn fo r t h e i r su p
l i
py g n h i m a fo rc e of fi ve h u n dr e d E u ro pe a n s t o a ss i s t h im
in re c o v e ri n
g h i s k i n
g do m h e g a v e t h e m le a v e t o b u i l d a fac
,

t o ry at Di u . I n s t e ad o f a fac t o ry h o we v e r, t h e Po r t u g u ese ,

e r e c t e d a. s t r o n g fo r t i n wh i c h , aft e r fu r n i s h i n g i t wi t h g u n s an d
,

m u sk e t s, t h ey t o o k u p t h e i r r e s i de n c e S u l t an Ba h adu r , o n re .

ai n i n i G uj a rat ,
o n of re at l t t d h v in t d
g g po ssess g y re
g r e e a
gg ra n e

t h e m a n y pe r m i ss i o n a t a ll an d b e g a n de v i s i n g m e an s fo r ,

t u rni ng t h em a way b y art ifi c e. He t herefo re proc ee ded t o

 S ULTA N B as i
' ’
123 nu a.

Diu , an d h ad an i n t e r v i e w wi t h N u no da C u n h a t h e - -
Po rt u
g u sse V ic e ro y wh o h a d
,
re c e n t ly a r ri v e d t h e re wi t h a fl eet .

R e m o n st r a n c es an d e x pl an a t i o n s t o o k
pl ac e , an d it is a dm i t t ed
b o t h s i de s m e d i t a t e d t r e a c h e ry . T h e G o v e rn o r wh e n i n v i t e d
,

to se e t h e S u l t an , fe i g n e d si c k n e ss, b ut se n t a re t u r n in v it a

t i o n t o S u lt an Ba h adu r . T h e la t t e r , ac c o m pan ied by o n ly a

s m al l g u a r d ,
v i s i t e d t h e G o v e rn o r on b o ard h i s v e sse l on the
14th of Fe b ru a ry 1 5 3 7, an d was re c e i v e d a
p a r e npt l y w i t h m u c h
h o no u r b u t ,
,
on le a v i n g , a n a ffr a
y t o ok
pl a c e , i n wh i c h S u l t an
Bah adu r and h is a t t e n da n t s we r e k i l le d an d t h ro wn o v e rb o ard .

T h e Po r t u g u ese re pre se n t t h is a ffr ay as a c c i de n t a l , an d the

M u h am m a da n s as de s i g ne d b u t t h e
, e v i de n c e se e m s t o war ran t
t h e lat t e r c o n c lu s io n .

Th u s on t h e 3 rd of R a m z an 9 4 3 ( Fe b r u a r
y 1 4 t h , A . D .

1 5 37 the c a re e r o f t h e b ra v e an d i ll u st ri o u s S u l t an Bah adu r

was c lo s e d a t t he e a r ly a
g e o f t h i rt y -
one y e ars , an d a ft e r a

b u t g lo r i o u s r e i g n o f e l e v e n y e ars du r i n g wh i c h t h e
sh o r t ,

w r o f G uj a rat h a d a t t a i n e d i t s c u l m i n a t i n i t
po e
g po n .

T he u n g ra t e fu l M i rz a M a h m u d Z am an ,
wh o h as b e en
m e n t io ne d a b o v e, and wh o m t h e Su l t an h ad g ran t e d a Jag i r a t
A wan n ear D iu , d i d n o t s c ru ple t o as pi r e t o t h e t h ro n e o f h i s
b e n e fa c t o r on h is de a t h wh e re u po n
, a b a t t l e t o o k plac e b e t we en
h is S u l t an s ar m y wh i c h e n de d i n t h e de fe at an d
’
t ro o ps a n d t h e ,

ex i le of t h e M i rz a .
 12 d

Cu rran TX .

T h e Re ign s o f Su l t an M u h am m ad
Faru k i an d S u lt an M uh am m ad 1 1 1

Fr om 1 5 37 t o 1 5 5 4 A . D.

A ft e r t h e m u rde r of S u l t an Ba h adu r , h i s m i n i st e rs and

wro t e t o h i s s i s t e r s M u h a m m ad S hah Fa r u k i k ing

’
n o b le s so n ,

of Asi r an d Bu rh an pu r wh o m t h a t Su l t an h ad du ri n g h i s life
,

t im e n o m i n a t e d as h is h e i r . A c q u a i n t i n g h i m wi t h wh at h ad
h appe n e d t h e y i n v i t e d h i m t o
,
c om e t o A h m adabad an d as

su m e i t s g o v e rn m e n t . T h e Fa ru k i M u h am m a d S h ah was so

g r ea t l y at t ac h e d t o h is u nc le , wi t h wh o m h e h ad cc -
o pe ra t ed

in s e v e ra l o f h i s b r i lli an t c am i
p g ,
a n s t h at t h e sh oc k of t he ne ws
of h i s de a t h b ro u g h t o n an i ll n ess wh i c h i n se v e n t y day s t e rm i .

n at e d fa t al ly . N o h e i r was no w l e ft e x c e pt t he so n o f t h e l at e
S u l t an Bah adu r s b ro t h e r La t i f K h an
’
n am e d M u h am m ad K h an .

T h is pri n c e , wh o m Bahadu r S h ah h ad o r de re d t o b e k e pt in

c o nfi ne m e n t , was a c c o r di n l
g y r e l e ase d, an d the n o b l es i ns t alled
h im as k ing u n de r t h e t i t le of M u h a m m ad S h ah I I I .

T he l n do u r o f G uj arat h ad h o we v e r, d w w i t h
s
p e
pa ss e a , a
y
Bah adu r Sh ah O n h i s de a t h t h e Po rt u g u e se h a d r e g ai n e d pos
.

se ssi o n o f Di u an d su b se q u e n t
’
,
to it no t ri b u t e re ac h e d t he

c a pi t al fr o m t h e D ec c an or fr o m an
y of t h e po r t s h el d b y E u ro

pe an s . T h e Po r t u g u e se al s o a t t a c k e d an d t o o k C am b ay i n A D . .

1 5 3 8 , wh e n t h e y s ac k e d a n d b u rn t t h e t o wn a n d c a rr i e d o fl im
’

m e n se b o o t y , t h e t o wn b e i n g t h e n one of the r i c h e st i n I n di a .

S u l t an M u h am m a d b i n La t i f K h an b e i n g o n ly e l e v e n
y e ars

i It appe ars o n a re fe re n c e t o Le t h b ridg e ’

s Hi s t o ry of In dia t h at
M uh am m ad I l l b e si e ge d t h i s fo rt re ss i n 1 5 3 8 an d 1 4 5 , b ut
5 was b rav e ly re

pu l se d b y t h e Po rt u g ue se on b oth o c c as io n s , h u t n e i t h e r t h e M i rat - i -A h m edi

n or t h e M irat i ikandari m ent ions

- -S
anyt hi ng of t h ese t wo ex pedi t i o ns.
[ P a i r 2 . c an .

t h e i n h ab i t an t s h a v i n g c l o se d t h e g at es o f t h e c i t y ag ai n st him .

R e c o g n i s in g h o we v e r t h a t h e wo u ld no t be ab l e t o ho l d
A h m a dab ad, h e se n t fo r wa r d h i s wi v e s a n d t re a s u r e t o t h e fort
of C h am pan e r , an d h i m se l f fl e d t o A s i r i n t h e v ai n h o pe of oh
t a in in g ass is t a n c e t h e re A H 9 5 0, A
. . . D . 1 5 43

T h e S u l t an ,
a ft e r a fe w day s s t ay i n A h m adab ad, a d v an c ed

on C h am pan e r ,
wh ic h h e b e s i e g e d . He c a rr i e d t h e fo rt by
st o r m , and i n do i n g S o sh e we d an i n t r e pi di t y a n d c o u ra
g e well
wo r t h y o f a de sc e n da n t of S u l t an A h m a d . H e r e t h e S u l t an
re st e d fo r t h r e e m o n t h s, d o in t e d A l am K h an h is C om
an a
pp
m a n de r - i a - c h i e f, an d B ui li an -
ul -
wu lk , an u
p g hri
t an d
p ru dent

e me e r , h i s Pr i m e M i n i s t e r I m ad .
-
u l- m u lk , t h e fo rm e r m i n ist er,

wh o h ad b e e n dis m i sse d b v D a r ia K h an an d W as r e si d in g at

M an d a u n de r t h e pr o t e c t i o n o f its t h e n ru ler K ad i r Sh ah , was

a l s o re c a l l e d, a n d t h e S i r k ar of Br o ac h as we l l as t h e fo rt of

S u ra t we re g i v e n h i m i n J ag i r Fo r s o m e t i m e pro spe ri ty
“
.

a t t e n de d t h e y o u n g Su l t an b u t u n h a ppi l y h e t o o k i n t o h i s c on
,

fi de n c e an d m a de a fa v o u r i t e of one C h aru nji , wh o , o ri

g i nal ly

a b i r d k ee pe r h a d ,
as s i s t e d t h e S u l t an i n h i s day s o f a d v ersi t y

by c a rry i n g m e s sa g e s b e t we e n h i m an d A l a m K h an Lo di at

D h an dh u k a T h i s i n di v i du a l o f m e a n
. o ri
g i n i n du c e d t h e S u lt an

t o h a n g t wo o fi c e rs of hi h
g ra n k , A l a u d di n Lo di b ro t h e r of
- -

S i k a n dar Lo di k i n g of D e lh i ,
and S h ujat K h an , an d to o rder

t h e i r b o di es t o re m a i n o se d fo r t h re e day s T h is en
ex p .

r ag e d t he n o b l e s, wh o de m a n de d t a t t h e l o w b o rn k n av e
h -

sh o u l d b e de li v e r d up t o th em . T h e S u l t an dec l i n e d, b u t in
v it e d t he n o b le m e n i n t o h i s pr e sen c e T h e y . o b e y e d, b ut see ing

J arji , on wh o m t h e pro u d t i t le of M a h afi z K h an ( pro t e c t or )

c o n fe r r e d, s t a n di n g t h e S u l t an
’
h ad b e e n at s si de , t h e y fo rt h
wi t h cut h i m t o pi e c e s T h e Su l t an st ro ye t o sav e h i m , b ut
.

fa i l i n g i n t h e at t e m pt , was ab o u t t o plu n g e a dag g er i n t o his

o wn h e ar t , wh en t h e we apon was wrest ed from hi m after
 Se an M U HAM MAD 1 11 .
’
127 s

h av in g i n fl ic t e d o n ly a sl i g h t wo u n d . P e rc e i v i n g t h a t un

wo rt h y pe rs o n s c o u ld i n fl u e n c e t h e S u l t an fo r ev il t h e
,
n o b l e s,

pl a c i n
g h i m u n de r re s t ra i n t , re m o v e d h i m t o A h m a dab ad .

Th ey so o n , h o we v e r we r e t i r e d o f k e e pi n g g u a r d o v e r h i m , an d
,

a c o n s pi rac wa s fo r m e d t o b l i n d h i m a n d e it h e r p ut a m in o r
y ,

t h e t h ro n e , d i v i de out t h e k i n g do m am o n t h e m se l v e s
on or g .

Fo r t u n a t e ly fo r t h e S u l t an ,
t h i s de s i g n was n o t ac c o m
pl i s h e d, as

he o b t a i n e d t i m e ly i n fo r m a t i o n re g a r di n g i t fr o m a n o b l e n am e d

Tat ar -
u l- m u l k , wi t h wh o se a id an d t hat of o th er o fi c e rs he
too k t he l
c o n s pi r a t o rs c o m
t l b u r r i s e a n d, i s su i n g o u t
p e e y y s p ,

o n e da W i th a bod o f h o r s e o r de r e d t h e h o u s e s o f t h e c h i e f
y y ,

r e b e ls t o b e lu n de r e d A d i t n c e r t e d a r ra n g e
p c c o r n
g . o a
p r e c o

m e n t , t h is was do n e so ex pe d i t i o u s ly in t he e a r ly m o rn i n g

wh i l e t h e se n o b le s we re y e t as e e l p, t h a t t h e y h a d t i m e on l
y t o

e sc a pe wi t h t h e i r l i v e s .

I t wo u ld b e t e di o u s t o re la t e i n de t ai l t h e l a t e r h is t o ry of

t h e b an i s h e d no b le s , b u t i t s u ffi c e s to s ay t h at t h ey we re u lt i

m a t e ly p ex e l le d fro m G uj a rat ( A H 9 5.2 ,

A . . D . 1 5 4 5 ) t h o u gh
wi t h c o ns ide ra b le d i ffi c u l t y , a n d e v e n t u a l ly so u g h t r e fu g e wi t h
S h e r S h ah of De lh i .

S u lt an M u h a m m ad I l l . h a v i ng re b u i l t the c as t le o f S u ra t

( A . D . ne x t de v o t e d h i s a t t e n t io n to the a dm i
n is t ra t i o n of t he k i n g do m an d o int e d h is P ri m e
, pp a as

M i n is t e r o ne A s af K h an , wh o h ad b e e n m i n i s t e r of S u l t an
Ba h adu r an d h ad t a k e n t h e fa m i ly of t hat p ri n c e to M ec c a .

T he a rm y wa s a lso
pu t o n a
p ro
pe r fo o t i n g . T h e S u l t an t h e n
ex pre ss e d a de s ire t o se i z e M al wa, b u t t h e m i n is t e r ra t h e r nu

wise ly su g ge s t e d t h a t h e m ig h t o b t ai n a c o u n t r
y e q u al in ex

t ent to M al wa b y m e re ly a t t ac h in
g t h e w an t a la n ds t h e n
’

wa t s n ,
or po rt i o ns o f v ill a e
g lan ds h ad b e e n as s ig n e d as a c o n

C il iat o r m e as u re b S l t a A h m d l t h fo u n de r o f A h m ada b ad t o t h e
y y u n a ,
e ,

o ri gi n al R aj u t C h ie fs
p M uch of t he a s la w
n d i s st il l e njo ye d e i t h e r

free fro m asse ssm e nt or su b e c t j to e q u i t - rent .

 [ P m 2 ou. r . 12 8

po ss esse d by t h e Raj pu t s , G aras ias an d K o l i s i n Gujarat

i t s e lf T h e
. o rde r was a c c o r di n
l
g y g i v e n , an d t h e c h i e fs o f I dar,

S i ro h i D u n g ar pu r
, , Ban s v ara, Lu n awara, Raj pi pla an d t he
v i l la s on t h e b an k s of t h e M ah i ri v e r b e g an t o ra i s e di st u rb
g e

a n c es ( A . D . T h e fo rc e s at S i ro h i an d s e v e ra l o t her

o u t pos t s t h e re u po n r e c e i v e d o r de r s to ex t i r pa t e e v e ry R aj put
an d K o li e x c e pt t h o se G o v e r n m e n t se r v a n t s a n d t r a de rs who
wo re a
p a r t ic u l a r m a rk on the sl e e v e s of t heir c o ats . T his

o r de r a ppe a rs t o h av e b een r i g i d ly c a rr i e d o u t , a n d t h e t u r b u lent

G a ras i as we r e t h u s fo rc i b ly r e du c e d to su b m i ssi o n . N o H i n du
wa s pe r m i t t e d t o r i de t h ro u g h t h e c i t y or t o dr e ss h i m se lf i n fi ne

c lo t h e s ; e v e n the o b se r v a n c e o f t he D i v al i an d H o l i fe s t i v als was ,

p ro h i b i t e d, an d t h u s t h e m i n ds of t h e H i n du s, an d t h os e of

t h e m i l i t a ry c l a s se s pa r t i c u l a r l y ,
we r e q u i t e a li e n a t e d du ri ng
of t h is S u l t an s t ri k i n of
’
t h e l a t t e r pa r t s re i n
g . A g e v i de n c e

t h e de s t e s t a t i o n i n wh i c h h e was h e l d i s af
fo r de d b y t h e fac t
t h a t wh e n h e was a ss ass i n a t e d b y h is o wn M u h a m m adan
se r v a n t , t h e G a ras ias m a de a st o n e i m ag e of t h e m u rde rer,
an d wo rs h i ppe d i t as t hat of t h e i r de l i v e re r .

In A D . . 1 5 4 6 t h e S u l t an pr o c e e de d on a pl e as u re t r i p t o

M ah m u dab ad, wh e r e h e l a i d ou t a m a
g n ifi c e n t de e r park six

m i le s i n e x t e n t . At ea c h c o rn e r o f t h e pa r k was a
pa l a c e wi th
i l d d ro o fs On t h e ri h t h an d s i de o f t h e do o r l e a di n g t o
g e .
g
e ac h o f t h e pa l a c e s wa s a m ar k e t , i n wh ic h e v e ry t h i n
g was

p ro v i de d t h at c o u ld c on t rib u t e t o pl e a su re . H e re Su l t an
M u h am m a d fo l l o wi n g t h e prac t i c e o f h i s pre de c e sso rs, u sed
,

t o c e le b ra t e t h e n a t i v i t y o f t h e pro ph e t fro m t h e fi rst t o t he

1 2 th o f R ab i -
u l - A v al wh e n al l t he Ule m as , Sh e k h s and

l e arn e d m e n a t t e n de d a n d r e h e a rse d t h e t ra d i t i o n s of I slam .

On e ni
g h t d u r i n g t h e se c e le b r a t i o n s in A . D . 1 5 5 4 , t h e Su lt an

r e t i re d to rest a ft e r t a k i n g le a v e o f t he
’
a ss e m b ly . A ft e r a

sh o rt sle e p, fe e li n g t h irst y , h e ask ed fo r a l i t t l e sh erb e t . wh en

 1 3 0}
fi lm
C n Arrns X
‘
'
.

T he reign o f A h m ad Sh Ah I I .

FR OM 1 5 5 4 t o 1 5 6 1 A .

Aft e r t h e m u rde r o f M u h am m ad I II, t h e n o b l e s, a ft e r c on

su l t at i o n t og e t h e r, rai se d t o t h e t h ro n e a de sc e n dan t of S u l tan

A h m ad t h e fo u nde r of A h m adab ad, b y n am e A h m ad Khan,

wh o fort h wi t h assu m e d t h e t i t le of A h m ad Shah I I , ( 1 5 t h of

R a b i - u l - a val A H 9 6 1 , 2 8 t h Fe b ru ary
. . As he was o nly

m i n o r, i t was ag re e d t h at I t i m ad K han t he Pri m e M i ni st er

'

a , ,

sh o u ld c arry o n t h e g ove rn m e n t i n t h e k i n g
’
s n am e , t he c o u nt ry

b e i ng parc e l le d o u t am o ng t he no b l e s, e ac h o n e o f wh o m a
g reed
t o pro t e c t t h e fro n t i e r an d pre se r v e the pu b li c pe ac e . Se e ing
t h e k i ng do m t h u s di v i de d, M u b arak S h ah , k i n g of K h an de sh,
t oo k t h e o ppo r t u n i t
y o f m arc h i n g on G ujarat i n o rde r to assert

h is o wn c lai m s, b u t t he no b le s b an de d ag a i n s t h im , a nd t he

arm i e s e n c am pe d on t h e o ppo si t e b ank o f t h e Nagb a da . Here

n e g o t i at i o n s we re Ope n e d, an d a. p e ac e was c o n c l u de d ,
a ft e r wh ic h
t h e K h an desh ru le r re t u rn e d t o h is c o u n t ry an d the G ujarat
n ob le s t o A h m adab ad . Un i t y
h o we v e r, ,pre v ai l l ong
di d n ot ,

am o n g t h e m , a n d a part y h e ade d b y I k h t iar u l m u lk rai se d an - -

o t h e r pri n c e n a m e d S h ah u t o t h e t h ro n e A b a t t le sh ort ly en
‘

su e d i a wh i c h Sh ah u was de fe a t e d, wh e re u po n t h e n o b le s agreed
t o t h e fo l lo wi n g di v isi o n of t h e pro v i n c e .

Fo r A h m ad S hah A h m adabad an d t h e Dask roh i sub

’
s

pri va t e e x
pe n se s . d i v i sio n .

K adi J h alawar, P e t lad m and, Bhn,

Fo r I t i m é d K h an , ,

R adh a n pu r, Sa m i M u njpu r, Godhféo

’

and h i s part y
,

a n d t h e c o u n t ry o f S o ra t h
.

P at a n C am b ay wi t h t h e C h orasi,
,

For S ayyi d M ahaw D h o lk a G o g h a D h an dh u k a, C ham

, , .

rak and h i s pa rt y .
pa n e r, S arna l, Ba las i nor and Ka

pad v a n j
 Sean Am 11
'
1 31 s » .

Fo r I m ad u l m u lk - -
Bro ac h , Baro da, S u rat as far as Su l
an d N an du rb ar fro n t i e r
.

R u m i an d h i s par t y . t an pu r .

Fo r the G uj arat
u n de r I t i m ad M o dasa an d o t h e r di st ri c t s .
.

n .

T h e k i n g was, h o we v e r, al ways at t h e m e rc y o f o ne n ob l e

or a no t h e r, an d disse n si o n s s
pr i ngi ng up b e t we e n t h em ,

I t i m ad K h an fl ed to M u b arak S h ah of K han de sh ,
wh o
ag ai n le d an
y g a rm a a inst G uj arat . T he ot h er n o b le s

m ade a t re a t y wi t h M u b arak S h ah , a c c o rdi n g t o wh i c h t h e

di s t ri c t s o f S u l t an pu r a nd N an du rb ar we re g i ve n t o t h e
ru le r o f K h an de sh h u s b e c am e
( A l) a n d t h e
. se par t s.t

p e rm an e n t ly a li e n at e d fro m G uj a rat . I t i m ad K h an a lso , ,

te

g ain e d h is su
p re m e i n fl u e nc e . Q u arre ls h o we v e r c o n t inu e d t o
, ,

arise , a n d e v e n t u al ly I m ad -
ul -
m u lk J ag i rdar o f Broac h m arc h e d
, ,

on S u ra t t o t ak e po sse ssi o n o f t h a t c i t y, b u t was assassi n at e d

b y i t s G o v e r no r K h u dav a nd K h an R u m i C h ang iz K h an, t h e .

so n o f t h e m u rde re d n o b le m an , at t ac k e d S u ra t i n o rde r t o
h i s fat h e r s de a t h , b u t , fai li n g t o g a i n t h e fo r t , h e so u gh t
’
av e ng e

the a ssi s t an c e o f t h e P o rt u g u e se T h u s st re ng t h e n e d, h e.

e fl ec t ed t he su b m i ss i o n o f t h e c i t y, a n d t o de at h K h u dav an d
'

pu t
K h an . T he P o rt u g u e se we re re warde d fo r t h e i r se rv i c e s by a

g ran t o f t h e di st ri c t s of D am an an d S a nj an ( A . D . T h us
t wo m o re di st ric t s we re lo st t o G uj a rat .

T h e k i n g was, m e an wh i le , g ro wi n g m o re an d m ore i m pa

I t i m ad K h an s c o n t ro l A t t i m e s h e wo u l d do wn
'
t ie n t of . c ut
“
l n t a i n le av e s an d sa Se e , I h a v e b e h e ade d I t i m ad K h an
p a y
and h a ve cut t h e b o dy of I m ad -
u l- m u lk t o pie c e s I t i m ad
K h an W aj ih
’
s as s is t a n t -
u l - m u lk t h u s c am e t o re g ard t h e S u l t an
wi t h su s
pi c i on .O n e day h e se n t a m e ssag e t o t h e S u l t an , o f
’
fet i n g t o c o m pass t h e de at h o f I t i m ad K h an o n c ondi t i o n o f h i s

b eing m ade Pri m e M i nist e r . T o t h is t h e Sult an c onsent ed,

wh e re u pon W a i h - u l - m u l k at o n c e
j g av e t h e i n fo rm at i on t o It i
m ad K h an
. . T h e l at t e r de c lare d h e wo u l d not b e li e v e i t t o b e
t ru e u n le ss wi t h hi s o wn ye ars h e sh o u ld h e a r e v i de nc e o f t he
compli c i t y W aj i h -u l m u lk t h e re fo re c o n c e al e d t he
’
S u l t an s .
-

m i n ist e r in a n a n t e - c h am b e r, a nd t h e n , i n v i t i ng t h e S u l ta
m to

hi s h o u se o n so m e sl ig h t pre t e x t, re ne we d the p p
ro o sa l. T he
S u l t an h is fo rm e r pro m i se
a t o n c e re i t e rat e d O n h e a rin g t his, .

I t i m ad K han e n t e re d t h e apar t m e n t , a n d ask e d t h e k i n g wh at

h a rm h e h ad do n e h i m t h a t h e sh ou l d wi sh t o m u rde r hi m . T he
S u l t an, u t t e rly as t o n i sh e d, c o u l d m ak e no re ply . H e was i m
m e dia t e ly k il le d b y I t i m ad K h an s at t e n dant s, wh o c ast t he
’
out

b ody on t he san ds o f t h e sab arm at i ri v e r. S u b se q u en t ly, h o w

e ve r, i t was re m o v e d a n d b u ri e d i n t h e m au sol e u m of Sultan
A h m ad I, ( A H.9 68 , A
. D 1 56 1 . .
[P a r 2 cm . . ll .
] 1 34

a fo o t i n g a n d posse sse d t h e m se l v e s o f se ve ral di st ric t s . T h i s ia

c re as e d t h e di so rde r i a G uj arat , so t h at at l e ng t h t h e e n t i re pro

v i nc e fe l l a n e a sy
p re
y to A k b a r t h e G re a t , wh o an n e x e d it o nc e

ag ai n t o t h e e m pi re o f De lh i, as wi ll b e n a rra t e d fu rt h e r on .

T he v i c t o ri e s o f t h e E m pe ro r H u m ayu n ov e r S u lt an Baha
du r an d t he r e t u rn o f
p i
the
t a l i n c o n se q u e nc e
fo rm e r t o h i s ca

o f t h e re v o lt o f t h e G o v e rn o r o f Be n al , h a v e a l re ady b e e n al
g
l u de d t o i n C h a pt e r VII I H u m ay u n m e t wi t h m a n y re v e rses
.

a ft e r h is re t u r n fro m G uj a rat , an d h ad t o fl e e t h ro u g h t h e de
se r t o f S i n dh as a n e x i le t o P e rs i a . I t wa s du ri n g t h i s fl i ght
t h at h i s fa m o u s so n A k b ar wa s b o rn t o h i m i n A D 1 5 4 2 at
. .

t h e pe t t y fo r t of Um ar kot . A ft e r t h e l a pse of fo u r t e e n ye ars,

H u m ay u n re a i n e d
g h i s k i n g do m i n I n di a i n A D 1 556
. . He .

di e d h o we v e r t h e sa m e
y e a r, a n d wa s s u c c e e de d b y A k b ar, who
fro m e ar ly b oyh o o d wa s di s t i n g u i sh e d fo r j u s t i c e , pru de n c e and
v a lo u r . T h i s pri n c e g ra du al ly re c o v e re d se v e ral o f t h e fo rm e r pos
sessi o n s o f D e lh i and g l a dl
y a v a i le d h i m se l f o f t h e di sse n si ons

pre v ai li n g i n G uj a rat t o de spa t c h a n arm

y on t h e 2 0t h of Safar
A . H 98 0
. , ( A . D . 1 5 72 ) t o i n v a de t h a t pro v i nc e , h i m se lf fol
l o wi n g a sh o r t t im e aft e r wa rds O n t h e. ro ad j
t h e Ra a o f S i roh i,

h av i n g i n v i t e d t h e c h ief o mc e r com m a n di n g t h e e x pe di t i o n t o

a P an S u pari e n t e r t ai n m e n t t re ac h e ro u sly wo u n de d t h a t o fi c e r
-
, .

T h i s b ro u g h t r u i n o n S i ro h i a n d t h e t rai t o rs as we ll as se v e ral
,

o f t h e i n h ab i t a n t s we re pu t t o de a t h .

T h e I m pe rial ar m y t he n e n c am pe d in t he n e i gh b o u rh ood

of Pat an ,
an d a n o ffi c e r was se n t to of
fe r wo rds o f as su ran c e to
the P ri m e M i n i st e r I t i m ad K h an , . T h at n o b le m an h ad, i n c on

fl ar h a v i ng l e ft h i s pro t e c t i o n a n d b e
S u l t an M
’

se q u e n c e o f uz a

si e g e d A h m adab ad n o t o n ly c o m m u n i c a t e d t o t h e E m pe ro r t he
,

st at e o f a ffa i rs, b u t h ad al so i n v i t e d h i m t o t ak e po sse ssi on o f

t he c o u n t ry . T h e i m pe ria l t ro o ps c o n t in u e d t h e ir m a rc h , an d
o n re ac h i n g D i sa i n t e l li ge n c e was re c e i v éd t h a t S h e r K han

Faoladi h ad a b ando n ed t he si e g e of A h m adab ad, an d, aft er

 SULTA N a II I
'
1 35 ArrAs .

se n di ng h i s fam i ly t o a plac e of se c u ri t y, h ad t ak e n t o fl ig h t I b ra .

h i m H u sai n M i rz a, wh o h ad c om e fro m Bro ac h t o assi st I t i m ad

K h an , al so de part e d on l e ar n i n g t h at t h e l a t t e r i n t e n de d t o
sub m it . O ffi c e rs we re se n t to se i z e S u l t an M u z afl ar an d t he

fam i ly S h e r K h an T h e l a t t e r, h o we v e r, h a d sa fe ly passe d t h e
of .

m o u n t a i n o u s de fi le s o f S c ra t h a n d t h e t ro o ps c o u ld m e re ly
,

l n de r t h e b a o ll o wi n an M u z afl a r wa s fo u n d
'

p u gg ga e f g t h e m S u l t .

c o n c e a le d i n a ra i n fi e l d, a n d wa s b ro u h t t o t h e E m pe ro r, wh o
g g
de li v e re d h i m o ve r t o the c h a rg e of an of
fi c e r, n am e d K a ra m
A li . A ft e r t h is l l t h e n o b l e s t e n de re d t h e i r s u b m i ssi o n t o t h e
a

E m pe ro r, a n d o rde rs we re
g i v e n t h a t c o i n s sh o u ld b e s t r u c k an d

t h e K h u t b ah r e ad in the n am e o f A k b a r S h ah .

T h e E m pe ro r ,
so l i c i t o u s of se t t l i n g an d pro t e c t i n g t he

c ou n t ry, a sse m b le d t h e no b e s l on h is a rr i v a l a t K a di, an d t ook

se c u ri t y fro m e ac h of t hem T he arm t h e nc am d at

.
y en
pe

H aj i pu r, wh e re so m e va
gab o n ds s
p re a d t he re
p o rt t h at the

E m pe ro r h a d g i v e n o rde rs fo r pl u n de ri n g t h e G uj a rat c a m p .

W h i le t h i s was pro c e e di ng a g re a t t u m u l t a ro se wh e re u po n t h e ,

E m pe ro r c a u se d t h e m ost c are fu l i n q u i ri e s t o b e i n s t i t u t e d, an d

t he o fl e n de rs we re
'

se iz e d wi t h t h e pro pe rt y t h e y h ad pl u n de re d .

A k b ar t h e n m o u n t i n g a t h ro n e g av e a g e n e ra l a u die n c e t o t h e
o l e , a n d o rde re d a ll c o n c e rn e d i n t h e pl u n de r t o b e t ram ple d
p p
e

u n de r t h e fe e t of wi l d elep h an t s ,
wh i le t h e a r t i c l e s re c o v e re d
fro m t h e pl u n de re rs we re al l r e s t o re d to the ri
g h t fu l o wn e rs .

C on fi de n c e a n d t ran u i l l i t
q y wh e re t h u s s pe e di lv re e s t a b li sh e d, -

an d t h e I m pe ria l c o lo u rs we re pla n t e d s o o n a ft e r wi t h i n si g h t
of A h m adab ad on t he 1 4 t h of Raja h A H 9 8 0 (1 8 t h N o v e m b e r
. .

A . D 1 5 72
.
) T h e i n h a b i t an t s o f t he c i t y a t o nc e c am e o u t in
c ro wds t o pay t h e i r re s
pe c t s t o t he v i c t o ri o u s E m pe ro r .

T h u s G uj arat was c o n q u e rre d a n d t he c a pi t a l c i ty s u rre n

de re d t o A k b a r wi t h o u t e v e n a b a t t le h a v i n g b e e n fo u g h t . T he
ro v i n c e , h o we v e r, wa s n o t c om l ete l s u bj u a t e d t i ll so m e
p p y g
t we n t y years lat e r A D . .
 1 86

PART III .

Fro m t h e c o nq u est Of G ujarat b y t h e E m pe ro r Ak b ar

t ill i t s o c c u pat i on b y t h e M arat h as .

( F R OM 1 5 7 3 t o 1 7 5 3 A . n. )

C H AP T E R 1 .

Go ve rn m e nt Of M i rz a A z iz K o k a and t
re u rn o f t he
E m pe ro r t o h i s C api t al .

( F R O M 1 5 7 3 t o 1 5 7 5 A . D. )

S o m e days a ft e r t h e arri v a l O f t h e E m pe ro r at t h e C api tal,

A m i r Kh an G h o ri , wh o h a d c h arg e o f t h e pro v i n c e o f So rat h,
se n t him a le t t e r O f s u b m i ssi o n a n d a lso t ri b u t e , wh ic h we re ac

c e pt e d, b u t t h e t ri b u t e fro m I b rah i m H u sai n M i rz a of Broac h

was re fu se d, as t h e E m pero r di d c o nsi de r i t was pro fl e red
'

not

i n g o o d fa i t h . T h e g o v e rn m e n t Of A h m adab ad wi t h t h e , se t t le

m e n t o f t h e c o u n t rv wa s no w e n t ru st e d to M irz a A z iz K o k a and ,

t he re m a i n i n
g pa r g an as Of Ba ro da, C ham pan e r, S u rat a n d o t h e rs,

t h e n i n posse ssi o n of t h e M i rz as, we re a ssi

g n e d t o t h e G ujarat
n o b le s, wh o u n de rt o o k t h e t ask o fdri v i ng o u t t h e se fo re i g n e rs .

O n t h e 2 nd o f S h ab an A H 9 8 0 (D e c e m b e r A D
. . . . t he

E m pe ro r pro c e e de d t o C a m b ay, wh e re b e a ppo i n t e d o n e H u sai u

K h an t o b e G o v e rn o r o f t h e fo rt T h e n c e h e we n t t o Baro daand
.

se n t the m a j o r po r t i o n Of h is arm y to c a pt u re C h am pan e r . Soon

f
a et r t h e t r o o ps h a d de
par t e d fo r t h i s p p
u r o se , A k b a r l e arn t t h at

I b rah i m H u sai n M i rz a wa s st i l l a t Bro ac h , an d was t h i n k i ng of

sa lly i n g fo r t h i n o rde r t o di s t u rb t h e c o u n t ry , an d ac c o rdi n g ly t he

E m pe ro r, t h o u gh l e ft wi t h o n ly a fe w m e n , de t e rm i n e d t o Oppose
h im . At t h e v i l la g e O f S u r t al o n t h e M ah i ri v e r, t h e t roo ps c ame

h
i n si g h t O fe ac o t h e r a n d a n a,
c t i o n t o o k p la c e ,
i n w hi c h , a l t h o u gh
t h e M i rz as po si t i o n wa
’
s fa v o u ra b l e ,
h e su s t a i n e d a d e fe a t ,
e n d

i n di fl e re nt di re c t i ons
'

h is m e n w e re sc at t e re d .
[P Anr 3 '
. cm . 1 38

t rodde n t o deat h u nde r t h e fe et o fan e l e ph an t . T h e E m pe ror with

h is t roo ps t h e n c on t i nu i n g t h e m arc h reac h e d A h m adab ad on

t h e th at Of M arc h 1 5 73 , a nd aft e r h e b e g an t o e fl ec t a
'

so o n

se t t le m e n t O f t h e pro vi n c e .

On j
a d u st i n
g t he c o n q u e re d t e rri t o ry, the E m peror
di vide d i t am ong h is n o b le s, an d c o n fe rre d t he V i c e ro yalty
on h i s fo st e r b ro t h e r M i rz a A z iz K o k a .
. He t h e n s t ar t e d for
h is c a pi t a l o n M o n day t h e l ot h A pril 1 5 73, M i rz a A z iz K oka
a nd the o t he r n o b le s ac c o m pa nyi ng h i m as fa r a s S iddh pu r .

As so o n , h o we v e r ,
as t h e E m pe ro r h ad t u rn e d h i s b ac k,
Sh e r K h an Fao ladi Rav N araya n ,
c h i e f o f I dar, an d the re frac ~

t ory M i rz as c om m e nc e d c re a t i ng di st u rb an c e s . M i rz a M u h am o

mad H u sa i n b e si e g e d S u ra t b u t so e fl e c t i v e we re t h e de fe nsi ve
'

m e asu re s t ak e n b y t h e C o m m an da n t of the c i t y, t h at t he

si e g e was so o n a b an do n e d . T h e M irz a t h e n t u rne d t o wards

Bro ac h , wh i c h h e t o ok , a s al so t h e t o wn Of C a m b ay, wh e nc e he
‘

m arc h e d t o A h m adab ad . H e re du ri n g t wo m o n t h s t h e re b el

t ro ops c am e i n t o fre q u e n t c o n fl ic t wi t h t h e I m pe ria l ar m

y, b u t
’
no de c isi ve e n g ag e m e n t t o o k pl ac e , i nasm u c h as t h e E m pe ror s

i n st ru c t i o n s t o t h e g o v e rn o r we re n o t t o ri sk a b a t t le save u nder .

u rg e n t n e c e ssi t y b u t t o fo rward i m m e dia t e i n fo r m a t i o n

, M i rz a . .

A z iz K o k a ac c o rdi ng ly c o m m u n i c at e d th e st a t e O f afl a i rs t o t he
'

E m pe ro r ,
a n d re m a i n e d o n t h e d e fe n si v e .

T h e E m pe ro r, on h e ari n g of t h e di st u rb an c e s, m arc h e d wi t h
i k d a rm y t o wards G uj a rat o n S u nday t h e 2 4 t h J u l 1 5 73
ap c e
y .

H e a l so a rran g e d wi t h se v e ral o ffi c e rs i n M alwa t o jo i n h i m By .

fo rc e d m arc h e s t h e E m pe ro r arri ve d a t D i sawi t h i n a si n

g l e wee k ,

H e re h e was m et b y t h e t ro o ps fro m Pat an , an d t h e E m pe ro r pro

c e e de d wi t h all de spat c h t o A h m adab ad . At J h o t ana so m e of

h i s pro g re ss, b u t
’
Sh e r K h an Fa o ladi s m en v e n t u re d to o ppose

t h ey we re dri v e n b ac k wi t h lo ss, an d t h e m arc h was c o nt i nue d .

On We dnesday t h e 3t d o f A u g u st , t h e E m pe ror arri v e d wit hin

 1 39 A KBAR ran GRsAr '
.

t h re e k os o f Ah m adab ad and p re
pare d fo r b at t le aft er se ndi ng

fo rwa rd a m esse n g e r t o i n fo rm M i rz a A z iz K o k a o f h is arri val .

T he e n e m y a ppe a r l t l i
t o h av e b e e nno ra n t Of t h e
c om
p e e y g
E m pe ro r s a ppro a c h , an d ac c o rdi n g ly , wh e n t h e y h e ard t h e so u nd
'

O f t ru m e t s, so m e b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e i r o wn c o n fe de ra t e S h e r K h an
p
Fa o ladi h ad ad van c e d t o t h e ir assi s t an c e , wh ile o t h e rs t h o ugh t
wh i c h h ad we re t h o se o f t h e E m pe ro r s
’
t h a t t h e t ro o ps c om e u
p
C o m m an dan t at Pat a n S oo n h o we v e r t h e
.
, , t ru t h was k no wn , an d,
’
t h e M i rz a a t are d fo r b a t t le So m e of t h e E m pe ro r s
O nc e p p re .

o fli c e rs, s e e i n g t he n u m e ri c a l su e ri o r i t y o f t h e e n e m y, advi se d
p
a po s t po ne m e nt O f the a t t ac k , b u t A k b ar, fa v o u r i ng an imme
d ia t e e ng a g e m e n t , g ave o rde rs to c ro s s the r i v e r, wh ic h was
fo rt h wi t h do n e , a n d t h e I m pe r ia l a rm t h ai n e d si t i o n
y u s g a po

o n r i s i ng g ro u nd. A b ri s k e ng ag e m e n t e n su e d, i n wh i c h t h e
E m pe ro r h ad t wo or t h re e n a rro w e sc ape s . A t le ng t h a g e n e ral

c h arg e was m ade i n wh ic h M u h a m m ad H u sai n M i rz a was t ak e n

,

p riso n e r, a n d a c om pl e t e v ic t o ry wa s g ai n e d b y t h e I m peri al

t ro o ps T h e i r lo ss
. am o u n t ed to o n ly o n e h u n dre d m e n , wh i le t h at
Of t he enem y was re o r t e d a t
p t we l v e h u n dre d . T he ca
pt u re d
M u h am m ad H u sa i n M irz a was k i lle d i n t h e
. c o n fu s i o n t h at fo l

lo we d t h e h a t t le , an d t he h e ads Of t he o ffi c e rs a n d re b e ls wh o
fe l l i n t h is c o n fl ic t we re c o l le c t ed an d b u il t i n t o pya ra m id i n
o rde r s t ri k e t e rro r i n t o t h e h e a r t s Of t he di safl e c t e d
’

to .

A k b ar no w e n t e re d A h m adab ad i n t ri u m ph , an d i ssu ed a

ro c la m a t i o n to a ll t h e n e ig h b o u ri n d i t ri c t s an no u nc i n h i
p g s
g s

v i c t o ry . D e t ac h m e n t s we re t h e n se n t t o Bro a c h , wh i t h e r S h ah
M i rz a h ad fl e d, a nd a n a rm
y was a lso de spa t c h e d u n de r t he
c om j
m a n d O f Ra a Bh ag van das of J eypu r t o pu n i sh t h e Ra a of j
Ida r, R ao N ara n das .

H a v i ng arran g e d fo r t h e g o v e rnm e nt of t h e wh ole pro vi nc e,

t h e E m pe ror e l e ve n days l at e r l eft A h m adab ad for h is c api t al

{P m no

( 1 4 t h A u g u st H a l t i ng a t Dh o lli a, b e t h e re gav e l eave

t o M i rz a A z iz K o ka t o re t u rn t o A h m adabad, b u t h i m se lf went

on t o Si ddh pu r, wh e re h e re m a i n e d u n t i l n e ws was b ro u g h t h im of
the c a pt u re o f W adnag ar b y Raj a Bh ag vandas . He t h en c on

t i n ne d h i s j o u rn ey , b ut as h e fo u n d t h a t t h e c o u nt ry was

g ro a n i n g u n de r t he we i g h t o f t h e o ppre ssi v e asse ss m e n t t o wh ich

e v e r si n c e t he tim e Of S u l t an Bah adu r, wh o a ppe ars t o h av e ia

t ro du c e d t h e farm i n g y s st e m , i t h ad b e e n
j su b e c t e d by re v enue

farm e rs, h e de pu t e d h i s m i n i st e r Raj a T o dar M al t o m ak e full

i n q u i ry an d fi x a su i t ab l e rat e O f asse s sm en t fo r ag ri c u l t u ral land .

T h is re fo rm was du ly c arri e d o u t .

Raj a T o dar M al al so i n du c e d t h e Ch i e f Of Dh aram pu r, t h en

c al le d Ram nag ar, t o ac k n o wl e dg e h i m se lf as a v assal of t he

E m pe ro r, an d to ag re e to se r v e t he G uj arat Vi c e roy wi t h one

t h o u san d fi ve h u n dre d h o rse ( A D

. 1 5 76
. On t h i s oc c asion

j
t h e Ra apre se n t e d T o dar M a l wi t h fo u r h orse s an d ru pe es.

A t rib u t e O f ru pe e s is al so s t a t e d t o h av e b e e n i m posed
on Raj pipla, b u t t h i s i s do u b t fu l , as t he c h i ef in 1 609 , wh en a

p ost was e s t a b l i sh e d at Ram nag ar, fu rni sh ed a c o n t i ng e n t of

o ne t h o u sand m e n .

T h e E m pe ro r now c on fe rre d h i g h h on o u rs on I t im ad K han

an d the o t h er n o b le s o f G uj arat wh o h ad re m ai n e d lo yal t o h im ,

a n d appo i n t e d on e W aj i h -u l m u lk
-
G uj arat i as the fi rst Di wan
of t he ro v i n c e .
p

M i rz a A z iz K ok a ru le d as v i c e roy for ab o u t t wo ye ars, when

som e diffe re n c e s O f o pi n i o n ari si n g b e t we e n h i m an d t h e Em

pe ror re g ardi ng c e rt ai n m ark s t o b e wo rn b y t h e I m pe ri al C avalry,

h e was re c all e d t o t he c api t al, an d re si g ne d i n A D 1 5 75
. . .
 [ P A RT 3 . cm . 142

T ro o ps we re ac c o rdi ng ly se n t ag ai n st t h e i nsu rg e n t s, b u t i ll suc

c e ss a t t e nde d them . H e ari n g of t hi s, T odar M al, wh o was ab out

to s t ar t fo r t h e
p i t a l, h i s s u r v e
ca y a n d se t t l e m e n t wo rk b e i n
g
n o w c o m pl e t e d, re t u rn e d t o A h m a dab ad, an d i n du c e d t h e Vice

m y t o le av e t h e yc it d p roc e e d a ai n s t t h e e n e m
an
g y H i s army .

was wi t h i n fo u r m arc h es o f Ba ro da , wh e n t h e re b e ls fl e d t o

C a m b ay, wh e re t h e C o m m an dan t was wo u nde d i n ac t io n . T hat

t o wn was n ex t b e si e g e d, b u t pp on the a ro ac h of t he I m pe rial
t ro o ps t h e re b e ls wi t hdre w t o wa rds J u nag adh . T h e y we re , how
e v e r, o v e r t a k e n a t D h o lk a wh e re , an e n a e m e n t
g g t o o k plac e, i n

wh i c h t h e re b e ls we re de fe a t e d an d
p ut t o fl ig h t . S t rang e to
sa w am on
g st the p riso n e rs a n d s lai n on t h is o c c as io n we re
l wo m e n , wh o, we ari ng m e n
’
s e v e ra s dress, h ad fo u g h t in
t h e b a t t le as arc h e rs .

Raj a T o dar M a l se n t , u n de r t he c h arg e o f h is so n Sidhari,

al l t h e pri so n e rs and
pl u n de r t o t h e E m e ro r
p at De lh i . He
h i m se l f a lso su b se q u e n t ly de par t e d fo r t h e c api t al, a ft e r which
ro b b e r b an ds u n de r H u sai n pl u n de re d t h e ri c h t own
M u z affa r

o f C a m b ay T h e D e pu t y G o v e rn o r W az i r K han we n t i n pu r
.

s u i t o f t h e m , b u t , le a rn i n g t h a t t h e y we re g a t h e re d i n t
g re a

fo rc e , a n d su s
pe c t i ng a t t he sa m e t im e t h e fi de li t y of h is own
t ro o ps, h e re t u rn e d t o A h m adab ad, wh ic h t h e enem
y c l osel
y i n

v e st e d . T he c i t y, h o we v e r h e ld , ou t b rav e ly t h o u g h so re
pre sse d .

On o n e o c c asi o n th e e ne m y h ad e v e n seal e d t h e wa lls, wh e n t h eir

l e ade r fe l l, st ru c k by a sh o t fro m t h e g arriso n . T he r e b e ls, falling
i n t o diso rde r, t o ok t o fl ig h t , an d t h e c i t
y was sa v e d. H u sain
M i rz a n o w fl e d t o K h an de sh , b u t was t h e re se iz e d, a n d wi t h his
su rre n de r t o t h e E m pe ro r, t he re b e l li o n of t h e M irz as c am e to
a n e nd A H 9 8 6, A
. . . D . 1 5 78

T h e E m pe ror was not wh ol ly sa t isfi e d wi t h t h e adm i nist ra

t ion of W az ir K han , a n d a c c o rdi ng l

y t rans fe r re d t h e G o v ernor
of M al wa Shihab -
ad- di n A h m ad K h an t o G ujarat at the e nd of
 1 43 A K BAR T HE G REAT .

A H 9 8 5 , A D 1 5 77
. . . . . T h e l at t e r o fii c e r c re at e d se v e ral n e w
m i l i t a ry po st s an d st re n g t h e n e d t he o ld one s . U n der t he

E m pe ro r s the
’
o rde r he a sol m a de a re d i st rib u t i o n of

t we n t y fi v e di st ri c t s
-
t hen u n de r G uj arat , a li s t of wh i c h i s

g i ve n i n A
ppe n di x H . S h ih ab -
ad -
di n h o we v e r i n v o l ve d h i m
, ,

se lf i n wa r wi t h A m i r K h an G h o ri r u l e r o f S o ra t h , b e i ng i n s t i
d n s c o m m a n de r i n c h i e f Fa t e h K h an ,
’

g at e t o t h i s b y A m i r K h a - -

wh o h ad g ro wn di sa ffe c t e d t o wards h i s m ast e r T h e V i c e ro y .

was h o we v e r u n su c c e ssfu l , an d h is p h e w M i rz a K han , t o

ne

wh o m t h e d i t i h ad b e e n e n t r u s t e d, r e t u rn e d wo u n de d t o
ex pe o n

A h m adab ad . S h i hab -
ad -
di n was ac c o r di n g ly r e c a ll e d to A g ra,

an d I t i m ad K h an , t h e P ri m e M i n ist e r of the la t e S u l t an , was

a
pp o in t e d t o t h e po s t of V i c e ro y . About t h is t im e S u ltan
M u z afl a r, t o wh o m , whi le r is o n e r, t he A k b ar
'

a s t at e em p e ro r
p
h ad i n d u lg e n t ly g ra n t e d a J ag i r m a n ag e d t o e sc ape t o G uj a rat ,

( A D . 1 5 8 3 . A ft e r a s h o r t s t a
y a t R aj i
pp la h e c ro sse d o v e r ,

t o S o ra t h , wh e re h e was j oi ne d b y a b ou t se v e n h u n dre d d i s
c o n t e n t e d so ldie rs , wh o m I t im ad K han h ad ,
a
g re e a b ly t o o r de rs

fro m t h e E m pe ro r re fu se d
'

, to e n t e rtain . M u z afl a r S h ah b e i n g
,

t hus s t re n g t h e n e d, m arc h e d wi t h ab o u t t h re e t h o u san d h o rs e on

A h m adab ad ( A . D . 1 583 H e t o ok t he c it
y a ft e r a b ri e f
c o n t e st wi t h t h e so n of I t i m ad K h an , t he fa t h e r h av i n g at

t h is j u n c t u re i n c au t i o u sly g o n e t o K adi t o pe rsu ade h i s pre de

c e sso r S h ihab -
a d- di n to c om e t o h is ai d. T h e se t wo no w a
p
p ro a c h e d A h m adab ad, b u t we re a t t ac ked an d t o t a lly de fe a t e d
wi t h t h e l o ss of t h e i r b ag g a g e . T h e re u po n t h e m aj o r po rt i o n
o f t h e ir fo rc e s de se rt e d an d j o in ed t he S u l t an , an d t h e t wo V ic e
ro s
y we re o b l ig e d to flee to Pat a n . T h e S u lt an t h e n m a rc h e d
on Ba ro da d t o o k po sse ssio n o f t h a t c i t y T h e fo rt o f B ro ac h
an .

a lso s u rre n de re d t o h i m a nd a la r e a m o u n t f t nd
g o , r e a s u re a

val u a b le s fe l l i n t o h is h a n ds .

T he ne ws of t h is i nsu rre c t i on i n Gujarat hav ing reac h ed t h e

[PART 2] 1 44

E m pe ro r, b e appo i n t e d M irz a K h an t o b e Vi c eroy of Gujara t for

t h e se c o n d t i m e Se v e ral e x pe rie nc e d o ffi c e rs we re also assoc iat ed
.

wi t h h i m , an d t h e t ro o ps i n M al wa we re di re c t e d t o c c -
o perate.

M i rz a K han s m arc h , Su l t an M u z afl ar re
'

On h e arin g
’
of

t u rn e d t o A h m adab ad . T h e fo rm e r Vi c e roy Sh ih ab ad din, who - -

was a t Pat a n , a lso j o i n e d M i rz a K han I n t h e m e an wh ile Sul

.

t an M u z afl a r v i l lage of Us
'

t ook up a po si t i o n c on t i u ous
g t o t he
m an pu r on t he b a n k o f t h e sab arm a t i wi t h a l arg e forc e and

m y
an
g u ns o n t he 9t h of M u h a ra m A H 9 9 2 . .
( J a nu ary A D . .

1 584 ) M i rz a K han h a l t e d h is t ro o ps n e ar S a rk h ej waiting

fo r t h e ex
pe c t e d a rm
y fro m M al wa I t wa s o b v i o u.sly t o Sul tan

i n t e re st n o t t o l o se t i m e , an d h e t h e re fo re e ngaged
'

M
’
u z afl a r s

M i rz a K han
’
s a rm
y on t h e 2 6t h J an u ary 1 5 8 4 , wh e n t he Im

pe ri a l e l e
ph a n t s t h re w t h e ene m
y
’
s r an ks into c o n fu si on, an d
the S u l t an g i v i n g u p e v e ry t h i ng fo r l ost , fl e d t o M ah m u dabad:
,

a nd t h e n c e t o C a m b a
y .

O n t h at v e ry day t h e fo rc e s from M al wa arri v e d at Baroda

,

wh e re t h e y h a l t e d, a n d so m e t ro o ps we re se n t fro m t h enc e t o

t a k e Bro a c h , b u t , t h e g at e s b e i ng c l ose d ag ai n st t h e m , t hey be

s ie g e d t h e t o wn .

A t C a m b ay S u l t an M u z afl a r, h a v i ng su c c e e de d i i i
'
3
n ra s ng
m o ney c o n t ri b u t i o n fro m t h e i n h a b i t an t s, c o lle c t e d a h ostile
r ab b le , a n d a c c o rdi n g ly M i rz a K han , aft e r l e av i n g an 0 6 00! in

c h a rg e a t A h m adab ad, pro c e e de d t o C am b ay i n Fe b ru ary 1 584 .

He at t he sa m e t im e se n t o rde rs to t e M
h al wa t r o o ps t o j o i n him.

wh i c h t h e y did at Bariya H e ari n g

. o f t h i s, S u t an M u z afl
l ar fled '

t o wards Baro da, wh i t h e r h e was pu rs u e d b y M i rz a K h an, and an

e n gag e m e n t t o o k pl a c e , i n wh i c h h e was ag ai n de fe at e d .
H0
no w fl ed t o the m o u n t a i n s, b u t t ro o ps fro m N an dod o vert ook

an d k i ll e d m an v of t he re b e ls
. A l t o g e t h e r so m e t wo t h ousand

o f t h e e ne m y are sai d t o h a ve b e en slai n i n t hi s c arapaign .

 [ PART 3 . sa u n a] 1 46

E m pero r s so n pri nc e M u rad (A D 1 58 6 and ac c ordingl he

’

y . .

de part e d le a v i ng o n e K h alij K h an as h i s De pu t y i n G uj arat

, .

D u ri ng h is ab se n c e M i rz a A z iz K o k a was
, t ra n sfe rre d from
M al wa t o G uj arat , wh e re h e a rri v e d i n A H 9 9 7, A. . . D 1 5 8 8 89
.
-
.

H is fi b u si n e ss was t o q u e ll a re b e l li o n rai se d b y M u z afl a r Shah,

'

rst

wh o was a i de d b y t h e J am a n d o t h e r c h i e fs T h e V i c e roy pro .

c e e de d a t o nc e t o K at h iawar, an d t h e re a n e ng ag e m e n t t o o k place

Dh ro l, i n whi c h M u z afl a r and h is c o n fe de ra t e s su ffe red a

'

n e ar

se v e re de fe a t ! ,
and fl e d t o J u n ag adh (A D . . T h e I m pe rial
t ro o ps t h e n pl u n de re d N av anag ar an dp ro c e e de d t h e n c e t o wards
J u n ag adh T h e se a so n h o we v e r
.
, , b e i ng fa r adv an c e d, a n d t h e arm y

fat ig u e d, M i rz aA z iz K o k a re t u rn e d t o A h m adab ad, wh i t h e r h e h ad

al re ady se n t h is so n wi t h so m e o f t h e t ro o ps, as h e a n t i c i pat e d t hat
‘

S ul t an M u z afl a r m ig h t so o n c au se t rou b l e
i n t h a t q u art e r .

I n A D 1 5 9 2 t h e V i c e roy, h av i ng e q u i ppe d a fre sh force,

. .

pro c e e de d ag ai n t o K at h iawar, w h e re se v e ral c h i e fs t e nde red

t h e ir su b m i ssi o n . N ine t e e n se apo rt si n c l u di ng G o g h a, M angalur

an d S o m n at h we re t ak e n po sse ssi o n o f w i t h o u t s b l o w J u n agadh .

w as t h e n b e si e g e d, an d t h e g arri so n, a ft e r su ffe ri n
g se ve re
pri va a

t i o n s fo r so m e t h re e m o n t h s, s u rre n de re d . H e re i n t e l lig e n c e was

re c e i ve d t h at S u l t an M u z afl ar was c o n c e al e d i n t h e n e i g h b o u rh ood
'

of Ok ha . An a rm
y was a c c o rdi n l
g y s e n t t h e re u n de r t h e c o m
t h e V i c e ro y T h e c h i e f, Sava W adh e l, was slai n
’
m a nd of s so n .

wh i le b rave ly c o v e ri ng the re t re a t o f h i s g u e st , wh o fl e d t o M 0
Bh arm a lji o f K ac h h T h e . arm
y w as t h e n c o nc e n t ra t e d a t M orb i,
‘

a nd was ab o u t to c ro ss t he R an , wh e n t h e M o, t ak i n g warni ng
fro m t h e fa t e of N a v an ag ar an d J u nag ad h , su rre n de re d t he un

fo rt u n a t e S u l t an t o t h e de t ac h m e n t se n t fo r h i s c apt u re . He
was b e i ng e sc o rt e d t o t h e V i c e ro y wh e n
’
s c a m p, , a ft e r t rav e lli ng

8 0 g re at was t h e slau gh t e r t h at t h e pl ac e h as s i n c e b ee n k no wn as t he
Bh u c h ar m o ri wh i c h i s al m ost a sy n o nym o f m ass ac re T h e dat e o ft liis b at t le .

asg i v e n b y M r R an c h o,
dji A m a rj,
i l at e Di wan o f J m a adh an d au t h or of t he
g
T wari kh e Sorat h i s t h e st h o f t h e b righ t fort ni gh t o f A so Sam vat 1 04 8 .
 1 47 A KBAR T HE GREAT .

the wh o l e n ig h t , h e al ig h t e d fro m h i s h o rse at D h ro l , and, g o i n

g
b eh ind a t re e o n so m e pre t e n c e ,
p u t an e n d t o h is ex is t e n c e by

c u t t i ng h i s t h ro a t wi t h a k n i fe (A l )
. . H i s h e ad, se n t to

t h e E m pe ro r, was du ly re c o g n ise d T h e re aft e r t h e N av an ag ar

.

Ch i e f s t e rri t o ri e s we re re s t o re d t o h i m an d h e was ra n k e d as o ne
’
,

of the I m pe ri al v assa ls. M o rb i was g ra n t e d i n J ag i r t o t h e Rao

of K ac h h ward fo r h i s s e r v i c e s
‘

as a re .

W i t h t h e de a t h of S u l t an M fl a r I II e n de d t h e dyn ast y
'

uz a .

of t he G uj arat S u l t an s, e s t ab lish e d t h re e c e n t u ri e s pre v i o u sly by

t h e i ll u s t r i o u s M fl ar I His e a rly s u c c e sso rs, S u l t an A h m ad,
'

uz a .

u z afl a r
’

M the C le m e n t M ah m u d Be g a da an d Bah adu r Sh ah h ad,

,

in a ddi t i o n t o t h e t e rri t o ri e s o ri g i na lly b e l o n g i ng t o G uj a rat ,

c o n q u e re d an d a n n e x e d J u n ag a db , C h am pan e r, M al wa ,
J h alod ,

N ag o r, S iro h i , an d ( i n t h e K o n k an
) J anj i ra , Bo m b ay Basse i n,

an d Da m a n . Tho ugh n o t a si n
g l e one of t h e de sc e n da n t s of

fa m i ly
’
t h e S u l t an s c an b e t rac e d at the p r e se n t dav m an
y o f
t he n o b le wo rk s t h e y i n i t ia t e d s t i l l re m a i n . T h e i r m ag n i fi c e nt

m o sq u e s ah d m au so l e u m s m a i n de e d, b e c o n s i de re d as b u i l t fo r
y ,

u re ly re l ig i o u s b u t t h e se h a v e n o n e t h e l e ss o n
a p p ur
p o se ,

v a ri o u s o c c a s io n s ro v e d o f m u c h u t i l i t
“t t h l b l i
p y o e g e n e ra
pu c .

M o re o v e r n u m e ro u s we lls t a n k s
, a nd
g i a rde n s
n m an y
par t s o f

t h e pro v i n c e s t ill a t t e s t t he t h o u g h t fu l re g a rd t h o se e arly S u l tans

e vi nc e dfo r t h e pu b li c we a l T h e Bri t ish G o v e rn m e n t , wi t h a

.

c o m m e n dab le de si re t o pre se rv e h i s t o ri c al a n d arc hi t e c t u ra l re

m a i n s, se t s a
p a rt a s u m o f m o n e y e v e r
y y e ar . fo r t h e res t o ra t i o n o f

a n c i e n t b u i ldi ng s, an d i t i s h o pe d t h e j u di c i o u s a ppli c at io n o ft h e s
e

fu n ds, as we l l as o f t h e re v e n u e s o f la n ds a n d v i llag e s assig ne d t o

so m e o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s b y t h e fo u n de rs, wi l l l o ng pre se r ve fro m
de c ay a n d ru i n t h o se wo rk s of u t il i t y b e a u t y t h at
and are t he
m o s t c o n spi c u o u s m e m o ri a ls o f t h e G uj a rat S u l t an at .

0 I t i s we ll k n qwn t h at du ri ng t h e fl o o d o f A D 1 8 75 , h u n dreds .
,

o f pe o l e , wh o h ad b e e n m ade h o us e less, o r wh o c o ns i de re d t h ei r h o mu
p
u nsafe fo u nd h el t e r i n t h e st rong st o ne m osq u es o f A h m ada bad.
g
 1 48
'

C n ArT sR I I I .

A ppoi nt m ent Princ e M u rfi Bakh t as V i c e ro y Dist u rb an c es b y Su lt a

of n .

M uz afl ar s son D eat h o f t h e E m pe ro r A k b ar Vi c ero ys i n t h e t i m e

‘
’
.
,

o f his su c c essors A sc e n dan c y o f t h e M arat h as 3 adve n t o f t h e

.

E nglish t o Surat . est ab lis h m ent o f t h e ir fac t ori es ,

F aou 1 5 9 2 To 1 615 A .

W hen t h e n e ws o f M i rz a A z iz K o k as
’
su c c e sses an d o f t he
M u z afl ar re ac h e d t h e E m pe ror Ak b ar, he
’

deat h o f S u lt an sent

a le t t e r o f c o ng rat u la t io n to the v i c t o ri o us n ob l e m a n , an d i nvi t

ed h i m t o C o u rt .T h e M i rz a, h o we v er, b egge d t o b e e x c u sed
on t h e pl e a t h at i t was ne c e ssary t o su b du e t h e Po r t u g u ese, now

po we rfu l i n G ujarat I t wo u ld se e m t hat h e di d c o m m e n c e Opera

.

t io n s wi t h t h i s e nd i n v ie w b u t e ve nt u ally wi t h h is fam i ly and

,

a t t e n da n t s h e we n t on a i
p gl ri m a e t o M e c c a aft e r
g o b t ai ni ng a

fre e pass fro m t h e Po rt u g u e se , wh o h ad e st ab li sh e d t h e i r su pre

m ac y i n t h e I ndia n O c e an ( A D 1 5 9 2 T h e E m pe ro r was
. .

m uc h di sple ase d o n re c e ipt o f t hi s n e ws , st i ll, o wi n g t o t h e g reat

re g ard be e n t e rt a i n e d fo r M i rz a A z iz K o k a, h is e l de r so n was
a
ppo i nt e d t o the rank o f C o m m an dan t of a t h o u san d h o rse, and

t h e yo u n ge r so n t o t h at of fi ve h u n dre d T h e po st o f Vi c e roy of
.

G u jarat was t h e n c o n fe rre d o n E m pe ro r s son P ri n c e M u rad

’
t he
Bakh t , wi t h o rde rs t o c o n c e n t rat e t h e fo rc e s o f M al waan d G u j arat
a nd m arc h o n t h e D e c c an wh i c h pro v in c e h ad h i t h e rt o
, su c ce ss

fu l ly re si st e d t h e E m pe ro r s
’
ar m y . Du ri ng M u rad s ab senc e in
’

t h e De c c an , a H in du pri n c e Raj a S u raj Si n gh , of Jodh pu r was,

de pu t e d t o ac t for h i m i n G uj arat (A . D 1 5 94.

I n t h is ye ar t h e lat e Su l t an M u z afl ar s who
’ ’
so n Bah adu r,
wit h h i s yo u nge r b ro t h e r an d t wo sist e rs h ad fo u nd refug e with
t h e Parm ar Zam i ndar o f Loari t o ok t h e o pport u n i t y oc c asioned ,

b y t h e g re at e r port i o n of t h e Gu j arat t ro ops b e i ng se nt t o t he

Dec c an, t o rai se an i nsu rrec t i on T h e De pu t y Vi c eroy proc eeded

.
[PART 3 . om . 3 .
] 1 50

m i le s dist an t fro m S u rat . T his fo rc e i n c l u ded a c o n t i ngent of

o ne t h o u san d m e n se n t b y t h e Raj a o f Raj pi pla .

T h e ye a r 1 608 i s m e m o rab le fo r t h e ad ve n t o f t h e E ngli sh

to c o n t i n e n t a l I n dia, wh e n C a pt ai n H a wk i n s proc e e de d as E nvo
y
on a m i ssi o n t o A g ra . Un de r ro al c h art e r
y fro m Qu e e n E liz a
b eth, a c om p an y wi t h t h e t i t le o f T h e G o ve rn o r a nd C o m pany
of M e rc h an t s t radi n g t o t h e E ast I n di e s was fo rm e d i n E ngland
i n 1 600 A . D . A ft e r so m e m e rc a n t i le ex pe d i t i o ns h ad b e en des
”

p at c h e d t o t h e I n dian A rc h i pe l e g o , a sh i p n am e d t he He c t or

u n de r t h e c om m and f C apt ai n H awk i n s, b e i n g se parat e d from

o

t h e o t h e r sh i ps o f t h e fl e e t , a rri v e d at t h e m o u t h o f t h e T apti

r i v e r i n A u g u s t 1 608 T h e C o m m an de r was pro v i de d wi t h l e t t ers

.

t o t he addre ss o f t h e E m pe ro r fro m J am e s I . k i ng o f E ngland,

and was t h e re fo re al lo we d t o b ri n g h i s c arg o i nt o t h e c i ty . In

A u g u s t 1 609 Ha wk i n s st ar t e d o n h i s m i ssi o n t o A g ra A not her .

sh i p wh i c h a rri v e d i n S e pt e m b e r of t he sa m e y e a r was wrec ked

03 t h e c o a st , an d the c re w, t h ro u g h t he h o st il e i n fl u e n c e of the
P o rt u g u e se wi t h t h e G o v e rno r o f S u ra t b e i ng de n i e d , re fu ge in

t h at c i t y, lan de d a t G a nde v i an d U m ra T h e E ng l i sh c o m m ander,

.

wh o h a d b e e n l e ft b y C apt ai n H awk i n s a t S u rat , was c alle d b y him

t o A g ra, an d t h e S u ra t fac t o ry was t e m po rari ly c lo se d i n 1 610 .

E ve r si nc e A D
. .
, i n wh i c h ye ar t h e P o rt u g u ese c on

c l u de d a t re a t y wi t h t h e E m pe ro r A k b ar, t h e y h ad b e e n regarde d
a s u n dis pu t e d m ast e rs o f t h e S u rat c o ast an d t h e g u l f o f Cambay .

T h e y pro v e d a s o u rc e o f e x t re m e an n o v an c e t o t h e E ng l ish, and

a n o pe n r u pt u re was so o n i n e v i t ab l e . In A D . . 1 61 2 a fleet
of fo u r sh i fu lly e q u i ppe d, arri v e d at Su rat , a nd u nder
p ,
s

t h eir c om m an de r C apt ai n Be st , de fe at e d t h e P ort u g u e se in 8

Be fo re t h is year t h e P o rt u g ue se h ad t h ri c e sac k e d and b urnt the

i
c i t y of S u rat , on c e i n 1 5 1 2 , t h e n i n 1 5 30 an d ag ai n i n 1 5 3 1 A D , while . .

t h ey we re at war wit h t h e k i ng of Gujarat .

 151 T HE E NGLISH AT So nar .

n av al e ngag e m en t . T h e E m pe ror Jah angi r, se e i ng t h e su pe

rio ri t y o f t he E ng lish o v e r t h e P o rt u g u e se , c o n c l u de d a t re at y
wi t h t h e fo rm e r g i vi ng t h e m pe r m issi o n
, t o t ra de an d to O pen

fac t o ri e s at S u ra t , C a m b av , G og ha a n d A h m adab ad . I t was also

st i pu la t e d t h at an am b assado r fro m t h e E ng li sh C o u rt sh o u ld
rm an e n t ly re s i de a t t h e I m e ri a l C o u rt o f De lh i T h is t re a t y
pe
p .

was re c e i v e db y t h e E ngl i sh at S u ra t i n Fe b ru a ry 1 6 1 3 , an d t h u s
t h e i r fi rst o ffi c i al c o n n e x i o n was e st ab li sh e d wi t h a n e m pi re

wh i c h was dest i n e d e re lo ng t o fal l un de r t h e i r s way . S u rat was

m ade t h e pre s i de n c y se at o f W e st e r n I n dia wi t h c o n t ro l o v e r the

t rade i n t h e P e rsia n G u l f , an d c o n t in u e d a lo n g t im e t h e
.

m o s t i m po rt a n t c ity i n G uj a rat .
 1 52

Cu r ran IV .

A rri val o f Si r T h o m as Roe t h e fi rs t E ngli sh A m b sm do r at t h e Delhi

as

C o u rt Est ab l is h m e n t o f se ve ral fac t o ries B u il di n of t h e S hah i Bi

.
g g .

and A z am K h an s l S h ah J al fi
’

pa ac e n de t h ro n e d b y h is son
A u rang z e b N ar anagar t ak en b y t h e
. i m pe ri al t ro o ps A ddi .

t i o n al pri v i le g e s o b t ai n e d b t h e E ast I ndi a C o m an

y p y
t h ro u g h Dr Bo u g h t o n Bo m b a t e d i n do wr
y g ran .
y
b y t h e k i ng o f P o rt ug al t o C h arles I and b
, y
h i m t ran sfe rre d t o t h e C o m pany .

F RO M 1 6 1 5 t o 1 69 1 A . D .

I n 1 6 1 5 A D k i ng. . J am e s I . se n t as h is fi rst A m b assado r to

t h e I m pe ri al C o u r t S i r T h o m as R o e , wh o h ad a l re ady ai ned
g
ex
pe ri e n c e o f d i lo m a t i c
p du t ie s at the C o u rt o f C o nst an t inople .

S i r T h o m as R o e re a c h e d S u rat wi t h a fl ee t on t h e 2 6t h o f Sep
o

t e m b e r, an d a ft e r a sh o r t s t ay
p ro c e e de d t o t h e E m pe ror Jab an
Aj m e r, wh e re h e was re c e i v e d wi t h du e h o no urs
’

g i rs c am
p at .

H is fe arle ssn e ss, a b i li t y an d c o u rt e s

y so o n se c ure d h im a osi tion
p
of i n t i m ac y wi t h t h e E m pe ro r, wh o , i n spi t e o f m an y ob st ac les
ra i se d b y h i s c o u r t i e rs t h e n u n de r t h e i n fl u e n c e o f t h e P o rt u u ese,
g
g ra n t e d t h e E as t I n di a C o m pany se v e ral i m po rt a n t pri vi leges .

S i r T h o m as R o e re t u rn e d t o E n g la n d i n 1 61 8 A D . .

I n t h is c o n ne x io n i t i s ri
g h t t o m e n t i on t h at Du t c h mer

c h an t s fro m H o l lan d, arri v i n g i n S u rat i n 1 6 1 6 A D . .

, were also
e rm i t t e d t wo ye ars la t e r t o e st ab l i sh a fac t o ry i n t h at c i t y as
p
we l l as a t C a m b ay , Bro ac h Baro da A h m adab ad an d ot h e r places
, ,
.

T he fi rs t at t e m
pt s b y t h e Fre n c h also t o st ar t s fac t o ry at Sn! “
da t e fro m 1 6 2 0 A D b u t i t was n ot t ill t h e di t i o n u nder
. .
, ex pe

M . C aro n i n 1 668 t h at e ve n m o de rat e s u c c e ss at t e n ded t heir

e fl o r t s. T h e we av e rs i n Fran c e st ro n l rese n t i ng t he i lu pmt
'

gy
of I n di an c l o t h ,
t h e Fre n c h G o v e rn m e nt e v e n t u al ly se n t a fle et

o f fo u r sh i ps i n A D 1 6 9 2 wi t h o rde rs t o c l o se t h e S u rat fac tot y,

. .

an d a fe w y e a rs a ft e r wa rds i t wa s v i r t u a l ly a b o l i sh e d T h e P or .

t ug u e se an d t h e Du t c h also e v e n t u al ly ab an do n e d t h e i r fac to ria l

i n di sg u st at t h e t yranny of t h e Gov erno r of Su r t

a .
[Pa r 8 ohm s )
. . 1 54

A not her nob le b u ilding b u i lt i n b y t h e M u ghal

Vi c e roys, is Az am K h an s palac e si t uat e d at t h e sou t h east ern
’
-

c o rne r o f t h e Bh adar c i t ade l T h i s st ru c t u re da t e s fro m 1 637 .

A D . .
, and is said t o h av e b e e n fi rst u se d du ri ng t h e l a t t e r pe
ri od o f t he M u g h al so v e re i nt c o l le g e , b u t sh o rt ly after
y g as a

t he c it y c am e i nt o t h e poss e ssi o n oft he Bri t ish , i t was e

c o n v rt ed

i n to a j ai l ab o u t 1820A D . .
, pro b ab ly b e c au se n o o t h e r e q u ally
s t ro n g b u i ldi ng was a v a i la b le . I t st ill c o n t i n u e s t o b e u se d for
t h at pu rpo se , b u t as t h e G o ve rn m e n t a re no w c on st ru c t i ng s

l arg e r j ai l a t so m e di st anc e fro m t h e c i t y, t h e re is a

pro bab i lity
t h at t h e pre se n t b u i ldi ng wi ll so o n be u t il iz e d fo r C i v i l C o u rts
a n d o ffi c e s . I t wi ll t h e n b e t t e r de se rv e t h e n am e of Ho u se
o f g o odne ss an d fa vo u r, st i ll t o b e re a d i n t h e i n sc ri pt i o n o ver
its e n t ranc e . A z am K h an also c au se d a fi ne ca st e l a nd palace

t o b e b u i lt at Ran pu r at t he c o nfl u e n c e of t he Gom a and

B hadar ri v e rs . T he i r ru i ns st ill lo o k v e ry pi c t u resq u e . He

also b u i lt t h e re a fi ne we l l a nd a m o sq u e . T he re are i nsc rip
t i o ns de n o t i n g t h e ye ars A H 1 04 8 , 1 05 0, 1 05 1,
o n all o f t h e se . .

a nd 1 053 ( 1 6 410, 1 6 4 2 , 1 6 4 3 an d 1 64 4 A D . .

I n 1 62 2 A D . . S h ah J ah an re b e l le d ag ai nst h is fat her

J ah ang i r, b u t t h i s i nsu rre c t i o n pro v e d ab o rt i ve . U l t i m at ely ,

h o we v e r, o n t h e de a t h o f t h e l a t t e r h e su c c ee de d t o t he Em

pi re o f D e lh i i n J an u ary 1 628 . D u ri ng h rs re 1g n o f t h irt y years

t h e re i s no t m uc h to r e c o rd re g ardi ng G uj arat , e x c e pt t h at in

t h e ye ar 1 6 3 1 3 2 A -
. D . t h e re o c c u re d a g rea t fam i n e c o m m o nly
f i fro m i ts
’

k no w n as t h e Sa t yasia K al ( t h e 8 7 t h y e ar s a m n e )
h a vi n g t ak e n pl ac e i n Sa m v at 1 6 8 7 T h e fa m in e was i ndeed so .

se ve re t h a t t h e s t ee t w
r s e re b l o c k e d b y t h e d i
y gn F or t h e .

de s t i t u t e a i s
m h o u se s w e re-
p ro v i d e d , an d a s u m o f ru pe es fi fty
t h o u san d. w as dist rib u t e d .
w
O i ng t o t h e we ak ne ss of som e of.
_

1
t h e Vic e roys, t h e Go e
v rn m e n t o f t h e ro
p v i n c e b e c am e l ax ; and

depredat ions we re b oldly c o m m it te d b y K olis a

nd o t h e rs . But
 1 55 M o s s sr. V rc ssors .

Az am K h an, wh o h ad b e e n appo i nt e d Go v e rn o r i n 1 635 A D .

re c o g n i s i n g t h e da ng e r r e su l t i n g fro m su c h la wl e ssness, su b du e d

t he re frac t o ry C h u n wal ia c h i e fs . H e b u i l t fo rt s at A z i m abad,

K h al i lab ad a nd S hah pu r . He a lso m arc h e d ag a i n st t h e J am

o f N a vanag a r ( 1 6 4 0 A . D ) . an d c o m pe lled h i m t o pay t h e fu ll

o n o f o n e s se r v i c e s was
'

am o u n t o f t ri b u t e d u e . J ust a
ppre c i a t i
no t, h o we v e r, al ways t o h e ex pe c t e d fro m su c h de spo t i c m o n arc h s
as t h e E m pe ro rs of D e lh i we re i n t h o se days, an d A z am K h an
was ,
on t he n u sre
pre se n t a t i o ns o f e n v i o u s c o u rt i e rs, re c a l le d in
t h e ye a r 1 6 4 2 A . D . M i rz a I sa T ai K han Go v e rn o r of S c ra t h ,
wh o was ne x t a ppo i n t e d V i c e ro y, si
g n al iz e d h is t e rm of ofi c e

b y i n t ro du c i ng t h e Bh ag v at ai ’
s
y s t e m o f re v e n u e c o l le c t i o n

P ri nc e A u rangz e b su c c e e de d t h e M i rz a as V i c e ro y i n 1 64 4
A D . D u ri ng h i s g o ve rn m e n t re l i g i o u s dispu t e s t o ok plac e
.

b e t wee n t h e S h irt s and S u n n i s, a n d also b e t we e n H i n du s a nd

M u h a m m ada ns, i n c o n ne x io n wi t h wh i c h t h e J ai n t e m ple of

C h i n tam ani i n Saras pu r was de s t ro y e d b y h i s o rde rs (A D . .

A u ran gz e b was re c a l le d i n 1 6 4 6, a n d o n e Sh ai st ah K h an was

a ppo i n t e d h is su c c e sso r . T h e l as t n am e d n o b le m a n was, i n
A D 1 65 4
. .
, s u c c e e de d by P r in c e M u rad Bak sh wh o i nst ig a t e d , ,

by Baro t n a m ed Va i t al wh o m t h e Ra a f Id r Rav J a ann at h

a j o a
g
h ad di sg rac e d o n a fa lse c h arg e m a rc h e d ag ai nst I dar, and, e x ,

p e l li n
g t h e Rav t o t h e h i ll s, t o o k t h e fo r t ( 1 6 5 6 A D H is . .

so n P u nj a h o we v e r
, , re c o v e re d i t t wo ye ars a ft e r wards wi t h t h e
h e lp o f h is m a t e rn al g randfa t h e r, t h e Rana o f Udaipu r . T h e re
t o o k plac e, a ft e r t h i s, a se ri e s of t ro u b le s, i n wh ic h t h e Rav s

we re o n so m e o c c as io n s e x
pe l le d fro m Ida r an d o n o t h e rs we re
ab le to re g ai n t h e ir t e rri t o ry . O ne i n st an c e i n whic h on e of

t h e Rave is sai d t o h av e l o st h is li fe fo r wa nt o f o pi u m i s wort h

rec o rdi n g . He was Rav G o pi nat h , wh o h ad su c c e e de d i n dri v i ng

A syst em of re ve nue m anage m e nt un der whi c h a c ert ain share o f

t h e pro duc e is t ak en i n ki nd b y t h e c ro wn .
[ P ART 3 . 17m L] 15 6
out t he M u h a mm ad an G o v erno r, b u t i n A D . . 1 664, h rival ,

G ari b das, T h ak o r o f Ra nasan b ro u gh t , an a rm y fro m A h m adabad,

wh i c h dro v e t h e u n fo rt u na t e Rav fro m h is for t an d o b l i ge d hi m
t o t ak e sh e l t e r i n t h e t e m ple of K u l nat h M ah ade v , wh e re he
re m ai n e d c o nc e a le d . H i s st oc k o f o pi u m h av i ng b e e n ex h au st ed,
t he Rav t o o k t h e Oppo r t u n i t y o f t h e v i si t o f a Brah m an t o t he
t e m ple t o g i v e h i m a g o ld b rac e le t , a nd as k e d h i m t o pu rc hase
fo r h i m so m e o pi u m fro m i t s proc e e ds . He also prese n t ed h i m

wi t h a se c o n d b rac e le t fo r h is o wn u se . T he c o ve t o u s Bd hman,
h o we v e r, i s sai d to h a ve a
ppro pri at e d b o t h t h e b rac e le t s for
hi m se lf, an d n e v e r t o h av e g o n e b ac k t o t h e c hi e f, wh ose dai ly
al lo wanc e o f o pi u m i s st a t e d t o h ave b ee n a po u n d a nd a
q ua rt e r,

and wh o c o n se q u e n t ly di e d fo r wan t of h is fav o u ri t e drug .

‘

I n 1 65 7 A . D wh e n t h e
. ru m o u r s
pread t h at th e Em p o er r

Sh ah J ah an was dang e ro u sl y i l l pri nc e M u rad Bak sh at o nce ,

ro c lai m e d h i m se l f k i n g I n o rde r t o o b t ai n m o ne , t h e si ne ivs

p .
y
of war h e , c au se d t h e h o u se s of t h e G o v e rn o r and K adsi Be gam
o f S u ra t t o b e pl u n de re d, an d b o rro we d larg e su m s fro m b ank er
s

i n A h m adab ad . Fro m t h e so ns o f san t i das J h av e ri h e t o ok on

l o an R s fro m San t i das s part n e r R o h i das Es

. 550 .

an d fro m Sam al a n d o t h e rs Rs 8 8 T h e re v e nu es . of

c e r t ai n dist ri c t s of G ujarat we re se t apart fo r paym en t of t h ese

and o t h e r de b t s M u rad Bak sh , aft e r
g
raisi ng a l ar e r m y.
.

a
m arc h e d j
1 n c o n u nc t i on wi t h h i s b ro t h e r A u ran gz eb ag ai nst his
fa t h e r . T he 1 ssu e o f t h e war t h at follo we d was t h at A u rangz eb ,

aft e r h ol di n g h i s fat h e r p a ri so n e r i n t h e pal ac e a t A gra, and

c o n fi ni n g h i s b ro t h e r M u rad ( wh o m h e su b se q u e n t ly c aused
t o b e m u rde re d ) i n t h e fo rt of Gwali o r, h i mse lf usu rped t he
t h rone i n A . D 1 65 8
. .

Du ri ng Au rangi eb ’
s re 1g n , w
t as far from 3115653 ;
Gujara

Bomb ay Gsset t eer vol. V, p 405

.
[ Paar 3 . c an . 4] 1 58

v i lla e
g wh ic h t h e P o rt u gu e se h ad possesse d si nc e A D 1 532 . . .

K i ng C h a rle s I I wh o h ad a lre ady b y a n e w c h art e r c on

.
,

s i de ra b ly e x t e n de d t h e po we r o f t h e C o m pan y fi n di n g t he ,

g r a n t m o re e x
p e n si v e t h a n
pro fi t a b le t o t h e c r o w n t rans ,

fe rre d Bo m b ay t o t h e E ast I n dia C o m pan y in 1 6 68 at a

n o m i na l a n n u a l re n t of 10 . T hu s a m ost v a l u a b le ses

p o rt a nd i slan d, wh i c h h as, u n de r t h e pat ron ag e of t h e East

I n di a C o m pany and t h e Bri t i sh C ro wn , ri se n t o b e t he se c o nd

and t h e m o st e n t e rpri si n g c i t y i n I n di a, was i n a h a ppy m o m e nt

a c q u i re d a t a n a l t o e r t h e r
g t rifl i n g c o st . In A . D 1 68 3 Bo m b ay
.

was m ade t h e c h ie f se at o f the Preside nc y ,

an d fo u r ye ars l at er
t he C o m pan y s we re fi rs t c o i ne d t
’
ru
pe e s h e re .

I t m ay fu rt h e r b e m e n t i o n e d as re g ards t h e fac t o rs o f Su rat ,

t he e a rly p re s ide nc y se a t on t h is s ide of , ,

I ndia, t h a t t h ou gh
t h eywe re g e n e ral ly we ll t re at e d b y t h e loc al G o ve rn o rs, t h ey
h ad a t t i m e s t o su d e r g re a t pri vat i o ns O n t h e fi rst o c c asion
'

t h e ir P re s ide n t Si r J o h n C h i ld was t o b lam e , as he rash ly se iz ed

at Bo m b ay s o m e v e sse l s b e l o n g in g t o M u h a m m ada n m b rc h snt s .

O n t h is o c c asi o n t h e E ast I n dia C o m pa ny h ad t o pay a ranso m

o f o ne l ac an d fi ft y t h o u sand ru pee s b e fo re t h e fac t o rs we re re

l e ase d on t he 4 t h o f A pril 1 69 0 O n t h e se c o n d o c c asi o n , so m e
.

fo re ign pi ra t es h a v i n g pl u n de re d a M u h am m adan sh i , t he
p
E ng li sh , D u t c h an d Fre nc h fac t o rs we re su b j e c t e d t o c l ose c on
fi ne m e n t o n t h e 2 7 t h A u g u s t 1 69 1 I t b e i ng c le arl d
.
y pro ve ,

h o we v e r t h at t h e y we re i nn o c e n t o f any c o m pli c i t y i n
, alleged t he
p i rac y, t h e g u a rd o v e r t h e fac t ori e s was re m o v e d o n t h e 2 c d
o f D e c e m b e r 1 69 1 A D . .
 it s
C HAPT E R V .

He alt h ‘ Sh i va M al uj r fat h e r Sh ah31 .

’
Rise of t h e s .
j i s g ran dfat h e r an d

S hi v ‘
ji l S k éj
'
i f d
’

ps ex
o t s . ac o S u rat ,
an o t h e r e v e n t s S hi v i s .

de at h H i s so n t ak e n pri so n e r b y A u ran gz e b an d pu t t o a
.

c ru e l deat h K i n d t re at me nt o f Sh i v aji s g ran dso n Sah u

.
’
.

H is rel e ase R e c o v e ry o f h i s g ran dfat h e r s t e rri t o ri e s

,
’
.

F R OM 1 6 8 0 T O 1 7 2 4 A. D .

Be fo re c o m i ng t o t h e pe ri o d o f t h e i n t i m t a e c on ne x i o n o f t h e
M a rat h as wi t h G uj arat , i t i s ne c e ssary b ri e fl y t o re fe r t o t h e
a n t e c e de n t M arat ha h is t o ry . We t h e re fo re t u rn fe w ye a rs
a

b ac k a nd c om m e nc e our n arra t i v e wi t h M al nj i Bh o n sle , a

M a rat h a Si rdar wh o com m a n de d a s m al l b o dy of H o rse un de r
t h e k i ng o f A h m a dn ag a r . He ac q u i t t e d h i m se l f we l l i n v ari ou s

du t ies e n t ru s t e d t o h im d so o n b e g an t o a t t a i n di st i n c t i o n H is
an .

so n S h ahj i m ade h i m se lf v e ry c o n spi c u o u s i n t h e wars o f t h e

A h m adn ag ar and Bij apu r k i n g s wi t h t h e E m pe ro r Shé h J ah an .

By s idi n g at o n e t i m e wi t h t h e E m pe ro r, a n d at an o t h e r wi t h
h is r i v als a c c o rdi ng t o c i rc u m st an c e s, h e se c u re d larg e ad
di t i o n s t o h is e st a t e .

S li dhji s Sh i v aj i, was b o rn i n M ay 1 6 2 7
t h e i ll u st ri o u s
'
so n, .

T h e lat t e r e n ric h e d h i m se l f b y pl u n de ri n g t h e t e r ri t o ri e s o f

M u h am m adan s, a n d, g radu a lly c o lle c t i ng a larg e fo llo wi ng

de fea t e d b o t h t h e a rm
y of t h e E m pe ro r an d t h at of t he Bij li pu r
k i ng . He t h e n on t h e 6th J an u ary 1 66 4 m ade a ra pid de sc e n t
at t h e h e ad of fo u r t h o u sa n d h o rse u pon t he t h e n r ic h ci ty of

S u rat , wh i c h h e m e rc i le ssly plu n de re d fo r si x days O n t hi s oc ‘

.

c a si o n t h e E n g l i sh fac t o rs u n de r t h e i r G o v e rn o r S i r G e o r e O x e n
g
de n m ade a b o l d de fe n c e , an d sa v e d from pl u nde r n o t o n ly t heir

fac t ory b u t t h e pro pe rt y o f se v e ral o f t h e i n h ab i t an t s A u rang z e b , .

M r Sm i t h ,
. E n gl ish m an wh o was t ak e n pri so n e r, was an eye wi t
an

ness t o S h i v a ji h av i n g o r d e re d t h e h an ds o f pe rso ns sus e c t ed t o h av e

p
c o nc e aled t h e ir pro pe rt y t o b e c h o ppe d o fi
'

.
[ P m 3 cm
. . 1 60

m u c h please d wi t h t h is serv c e , n o t only

i gav e t h em a re m issi on

o f o ne du e s, e q u al ab o u t t we n t y fi
'
r s c u st o m to p ve
u r e -
y e a e s

t h o u sa n d b ut al so re du c ed t he rat e o f c u st o m du e s t o b e le vied
,

fro m t h e E ng l ish fac t o ry fromt h re e an d a half t o t wo per c e nt .

T h e V i c e ro y of Gujaré t , on h e ari n g of the at t ac k , m arc h e d on

S u ra t wi t h se v e ral a u x i li ary h ie fs, b u t S h i vdji was m uch t oo

”

c
.

wise t o li n g e r lo n g i n t h e c i t y P l u nde r was h i s o bje c t , an d as soon

.

as t h e c i t y h ad b e e n pi llag e d h e spe e dily re t re at e d t o h i s st rong

fo rt re ss, t a k i ng wi t h h i m b oot y e st i m at e d b yso m e

at aErere of
r u pe e s Th e Vi c e ro y ac c ordi n gly re t u rn e dt o A hmad
Ahad, fi rs t c o l le c t i n
g h o we v e r
, t h e a rre a rs o f l an d t
, a x fro m t he

s u pe ri o r lan d h o lde rs, and th e n o rde ri n g a b ric k wa ll t o b e b u ilt

eci t y of
'

i n st ead of t he m ud o ne t h a t h ad t i ll t h e n su rro u n de d th
S u rat . I n 1 669 A D Sh i v dji . . re n e we d t h e at t ac k , an d ag ain

e n r ic h e dh i m se l f b y pl u n de r O n h i s de part u re h e l e ft a e t ter
.

l
warn in g t h e i n h abi t an t s t h a t m o r m
.

de r t o se c u re i m u n i t y i n t he
fu t u re t h e y wo u ld re q u i re t o pay a n an n u al t ri b u t e o f t we lve

l ac s o f ru pe es .

E ve n aft e r t h is se c on d pil l a
g e S u ra t do e s no t appe ar t o h ave

j
e n oye d re st fro m t h e M arat h as, an d fre sh assau l t s we re m ade
in a nd 1 675 A . D . In so m e o f t h ese a t t ac ks

S h i v aji 1 3 sai d t o h av e b e e n assi s t e d by t he c h ie f of Ré m n agar,

y e t in A . D 1 672 h e did
. no t sc ru ple t o t ak e adv an t a
g e o f s

c om p l i m e n t ar
y v i s i t t o t h a t c h i e f t o t ak e p o sse s si o n o f h i s fo rt
o b se r v i n m l t h t h m t h t h k f h i t e
g e re y a e u s a v e e e
y o s re as u r

( m e a n i n
g S u ra t ) i n h i s o w n h a n d s
'
f I n t h e y e a r 1 6 7 6 A I). . .

t h e M arat has ca pt u re d the fo rt of PArn e raflj ab o u t fo r t y g h

-
t ei

m i le s so u t h o f S u ra t , an d t h u s t h e v fo r t h e fi rst tim e, e st ab lish ed

t h e m se l v e s i n So u t h e rn G u j arat . T he an c i e n t t o wn of Bro nell

Bo m b ay Gaz e t t e e r V I p 2 5 6, v ol . ,

f T h e fo rt ,
re b u i l t b y S h i w’
t i
j, was d i s m an t led b y t h e Bri t i sh durin‘
t he m u t i ny o f 1 8 5 7 A D , .
[P aar 3 . 1 62

E m pe ror se n t large b o di e s of t ro ops t o i n t erc e pt t h e m , and b at t les

we re fo u g h t R at an pu r (i n Raj pi pla) an d n e ar Bab a P idras

’
n e ar .

ford on t he N arb ada, i n wh ic h t h e M arat h as we re g e n e rally

su c c e ss fu l, a n d i ned c o n side ra b le b o o t y b y pl u n de ri n g t he
g a

M u g h a l c a m ps a n d b y e x ac t i n g h e a v y ran so m s fro m t h e o f fi c ers

wh o m t h e y h ad t ak e n priso n e rs .

I n A D 1 707 . . an ex
pe d i t i o n was le d b y t h e P e sh wa Baldy
h i m se l f, wh o pl u n de re d t h e c o u n t ry a s far as B a t v a wi t h i n fo u r

m i le s o f A h 1n adab ad T h e V i c e ro y was
. . o b l ig e d o n t h is o c c asion

t o pay t h e P e sh wa a t ri b u t e o ft wo l ac e and t e n t h o u san d r u pe es .

In A . D 1 71 2
. a M arat h a fo rc e a
g a i n a d va n c e d t o wards
G uj arat b u t t h e Vi c e ro y S h ah b u t K han m arc h e d
, a g a i n st t h e m,

a n d a r re s t e d t h e i r fu rt h e r pro g re ss b y i nfl i c t i n g a de fe a t on t h em

at A n k le s v a r on the o ppo si t e b an k o ft h e N arb ada t In addi t ion

t o t h e se e x c u rsi o n s fro m wi t h o u t t h e re we re
, a nu m ber o f i n t er

nal c om m o t i o ns i n A li m adAb ad .

I n 1 709 A . D . a pe rso n wh o se b u si n e ss i t was t o re ad t he

K h u t b et h ( pu b lic praye rs ) was s t a b b e d t o de at h fo r h av i n g u sed

t h e S h ia wo rd W asi i n h i s praye rs a g re e a b ly t o t h e E m pe ror

M ah m u d S hah s o rde rs T h re e fo u r ye ars l at e r

’
. or 1 71 3

dist u rb an c e s b ro k e o u t c o n se q u e n t o n t h e k ill i ng o f a c o wi n Hi ndu

q u art e rs, du ri n g wh i c h t h e sh o ps o f H i n du s we re pl u n de re d and

b u rn t . T h e K o lis a n d K at h is o u t si de t h e c i t y also g re w so b old
an d
pre su m pt u o u s a s to c a u se a st o ppa g e t o t rade , an d Barodd
i t se l f was of l n de r b K o l i s fo r t wo c o n se c u t i v e days
a sc e n e p u y .

So m e of the V i c e ro ys we re a lso v e ry t yran n i c al , an d o ne of

t h e m A n o psi ng h Bh an dari o f m e re c apri c e k i lle d r e s e c t ab le

a
p
m e rc h a n t d K apu rc h a n d Bh an sali ( 1 72 0 A
n am e . Thus
t he c o u n t ry b e c a m e a sc e n e o f a n a rc h y a n d c o n fu si o n .

w re t u rn t o Sh i v dji s de c e ndan t s T h e t e rri b l e fate of

’
IVe no .

h is so n Sam b h dji h as alre ady b e e n de sc ri be d, b u t A u rang z eb was

t reat Sam b h éji s ch i ld wi t h k i n dn ess A u rangz eb w
’

ple ase d to as .
 '
1 63 T a n M aaa rna s ’
.

i n t h e h ab i t o f c all i ng Sh ivaj 1 a ro b b e r, an d h e t h e re fo re i ro n i
c al l t he c h i ld t he of a nd m a rri e d
y g av e n am e S Ah u ( h o n e st
)
h i m t o da u g h t e rs of t wo of h i s M a rat h a o ffi c e rs . O n A u ra n g
z eb s
’
de m i se i n 1 707 A D . .
,
h is so n an d s u c c e sso r Bah ad u r
S h ah c o n s i de re d it p o li t ic to re l e a se SAh u on h is a
g re e i n
g t o

h o ld h i m se l f a v assal o f t h e E m pi re an d t o le a v e b e h i n d a t De lh i
h is m o t h e r wi fe ,
an d o t h e r re la t i o n s as h o s t ag e s fo r h is g o o d c o n
du c t . T h e re aft e r Sdh u su c c e e de d in r e a i n i n g fro m t h e fa m ily
g
of RAjtt rAm t h e g re a t e r po rt i o n h i s fa t h e r s k i n g do m To
’
of .

RAjArAm h e i rs , h o we v e r, h e we d t h e m t o i K ol
’
a
ppe as e s a l lo re t a n

h apu r a s a se
p a ra t e s t a t e . He a l so s u c c e e de d in o b t a i n i ng fro m
t h e l o c a l g o v e rn o rs o f t he De c c an t he r ig h t to le v y
and Sa rde sh m u k h i ? of t h at v inc e h is u n de rt a k i n g to
pro on

p ro t e c t it a
g ai nst
pl u n de r .

In A D . .
—
1 7 1 9 2 0, du r i n g t h e pre v aili n g an arc h y o f t h e D e lh i
E m pi re Sit h u , t h ro u g h t h e i n t e r v e n t i o n
,
o f N i z am u l m - -
u lk t he

V i c e ro y o f t h e De c c a n ,
se n t h i s e n e rg e t i c m i n ist e r Balaj i Vi sh v a
nat h , a n d C om m an de r i n - -
c h ie f K h a n de rav Dh ab ade to a ssi st

M u h a m m ad S h ah i n h is e n de a v o u rs t o g ain t h e t h ro n e o f D e lh i

an d fre e h i m se lf fro m t he c o n t ro l o f c e rt a i n Sayyi ds wh o h ad

lat t e rl y b ec o m e t o o po we rfu l T h i s a t t e m pt a ft e r t wo se v e re .
,

e ng ag e m e n t s h a v i n g pro v e d s u c c e ssfu l t h e E m pero r

,
in t o k e n , ,

of h is g ra t i t u de , no t o nl c o n fi rm e d t h e g ra n t s of C ha u t h a nd
y
Sa rde sh m u k h i b y wri t t e n Fa rm an sj ,
b ut a lso ac k n o wle dg e d
b y h i s i l l u s t ri o u s
'
Sti h u s t i t le t o all t he t e r ri t o rie s c o n q u e re d

dfa t h e r Sh i véji T h o se o f SAh n s re la t i o n s wh o h ad h i t h e r t o

’

gra n .

b e e n k e pt as h o s t ag e s we re a ls o re s t o re d t o him .

A le v y o f o ne - fo u rt h o f the re v e n u e .

1 A le vy o f te n pe r c e nt b e yo n d t h e c h au t h .

Far m ti n fo r t h e h au t h is dat e d 2 2 nd
’
I T h e E m pe ro r s g ran t of t he c

Rab i - uI - Ak h i r A H 1 1 3 1 , . . an d t h at fo r Sarde sh m u kh i dt b J am ti di -
u l- av al o f

t he
J) T h ( d
7i d9 . D n o t a u t h o riz e t h ese gran t s i n Gujarat ,
sa m e ye a r e 1
y 1 A .

b u t 8 61m e nfo rc e d t h e m t h e re
 1 64

C HAPT E R V I .

R ise of t h e O de k wad s fam ily Dem a

'

p
.l o i t s j
an d t h i s
o’
se o f hi
ex s son

P il a
j i A pp.o i n t m e n t o f a n e w V i c e ro y Si rb u l an dkh An Ham i dkh dn ,

o b t ai ns t h e ai d o f P il a ji G ee k wd d an d K an t h Aji K adam an d

g i v e s t h e m t h e ri gh t to c o l le c t t he c h au t h i n G ujarat .

P i la
ji o b t ai ns po sse ss i on o f Baroda . Di v isi on b e t we e n
P i ltiji and K an t h dji .

F ao n 1 7 2 1 To 1 72 4 A . D.

By t h e gran t t o Ssh u o f t h e righ t t o le vy c h au t h and sar

de sh m u k h i i n c e rt ai n dist ric t s, t h e M arat h as ob t ai n e d an au t h o
ri t at i ve fo o t i ng i n G uj arat . I n t h e b at t le s wh i c h we re fo ugh t
fo r t h e E m pe ro r aj i Gee k wéd h ad g ai ne d
an o fi i c e r n am e d d
c o nside rab le re n o wn H e h ad m any ye ars pre v i o u sly l e ft his
.

nat i ve v i llag e , t vddi n e ar P u n a,

t o j o i n K h ande rAV t b dd e ,

t he C o m m ande r i a c h i e f - - ‘
. Dhéb stde h av i ng on h is re t u rn fro m
De lh i rec o m m e n de d h i m ver
y st ro n
g l y to Sab u ’
s fav o u rab le
n o t ic e , t h at k in g was ple ase d to c o n fe r o n h im and h i s h e i rs t he
'

ri g h t t o l e vy c h au t h and sarde sh m u k hi i n G uj arat . H e fu r

t h er a
pp oi n t e d Dtt m a
j i as se c o nd in c o m m an d of t h e M arat ha
a rm y, an d g av e h i m t h e t i t le o f Sam sh e r Bah adu r . T h is was
the o ri g i n o f t h e po wer an d e m i n e n c e of t h e pre se n t re i gn ing

fam i ly of Baro da .

d aj i di e d sh o rt ly a ft e r g a i n i n g t h e se dist i nc t i ons, and

was su c c e e de d b y h i s n e ph e w Pi laj i Gde k wdd i n 1 72 1 A D . .

T h e l a t t e r, wh o h ad al ready ri se n t h ro u gh h i s o wn e n e rgy and

t ale n t s t o t h e ra n k of C o m m an de r of a Page or b o dy o f h o rse

.

m e n, se le c t e d as h is re si de n c e a h i ll b e l o n g i ng t o t h e M e wfi i

Dh Ab dde h ad for m an y years su b sist ed wi t h his followe rs in Guil t “

and K h At h i ri wtt r, and e x ac t e d a t ri b u t e i n t h ose pro v i nc es ,
A b o u t t his

pe ri o d he e st ab li sh e d hi m self i n t h e h il ls rou nd ab o u t Ra
jp p ,
i l a wh ence

h e i s s ai d t o h ave dec oy ed and c arri e d off a l arge re m i t t anc e of t reasure

whi c h was b e i ng c o nveye d fro m Su rat t o A uran b dd .

G rant Duff s Hist ory of t h e M arat h ds Vol

'
p. 3 1 1 . .
[P a r 3 c an
. . 1 66

m e e t i n g K an t h aj i K ada m , o ne of sah u
’
s o mc e rs wh o h ad re

c e ntl
y ar r v e i d i n G uj a rat ,
i n v i t e d h is a ss is t a n c e ,
p ro m i si n g to
re wa rd h i m wi t h t h e c hau t h . T he fe r
of wa s a c c e pt e d 1 72 41
A . and K a n t h aji we n t wi t h Ha m i d K han t o K a pa dv anj .

At t h i s t o wn Ha m id K h an re c e i v e d i n fo r m a t i o n t h ro u g h h is
fri e n ds of S ujat K h an m o v e m e n t s, a n d o n a fa v o u rab le
'
s . O ppo r

t u n i ty at t ac k ed an d sle w h i m wi t h i n a fe w m ile s o f A h m adab ad .

He thus re g a i n e d a u t h o ri t y i n t he p ro v i n c e . K an t h aji no w
m arc h e d t h ro u g h t h e d is t ri c t , c o ll e c t i n g c h au t h an d sa rde sh

m u k h i, a n d, a ft e r b e s i e g i ng t h e t o wn of Vi ra m g am , l e v i e d fro m
it a lo n e a c o n t ri b u t i o n o f t h re e lac s fi ft y t h o u sa n d r u pe e s
and .

H e a ri n g de a t h , h i s b ro t h e r R u st a m A li, wh o was
’
of Su jat K han s

in com m and at S u ra t a nd wh o h ad l at e ly de fe a t e d P i laj i i n t he

n e i g h b o u rh o o d o f t h a t t o wn , c o n c l u de d a t ru c e wi t h t h e la t t e r,
a n d ask e d h is ass is t a n c e a g a i n s t H am i d K h an Pi laj i . ag r e e d, and

t oge t h e r t h ey c ro sse d the ri v e r M a h i o n t h e i r way t o A h m adab ad .

A t t he v i ll a
g e o f A ras a b a t t le was fo u g h t , i n wh ic h R u s t a m A li
was a b le b y h is s u pe ri o r a r t i lle ry to d ri ve b ac k H am i d K h an .

P i laj i wh o h ad i n
, t he m e an t im e re c e i v e d o v e rt u re s fro m N iz a
m

u l m
-
u lk to a ss is t h is u n c le , n o w a d v ise d R u s t a m A li t o c h arge

t h e fu g i t i v e s . W h i le com l i
py g n R u s t
,
a m A l i le ft h i s
g u n s b e h i nd,

wh e n P i laj i ,
se iz i n g t h e m t re ac h e ro u sly, O pe n e d fi re o n t h e pu r

s u e rs . R u s t a m A li fo u gh t b rav e ly b u t ,
at las t de spai ri n g o f su c c e ss,

and de e ply a ffe c t e d b y t h e pe rfi dy o f h is al l

y, s t ab b e d h i m se lf t o
de a t h o n re ac h i ng t h e v i l la g e o f W aso (1 7 2 4 A . T he i
v c t or
y
h a v i n g b e e n g ai n e d t h ro u g h P i laj 1 s t re ac h e ry, h e was ap

p o rt i o n e d ( 1 7 2 4 A D ) a n e u a l sh ar e wi t h K an t h a i i n t h e
q . .
j
c hau th P i laj i a l so we n t t o i Ba ro da an d wre st e d t h a t c i t y fro m
.

R u st a m A l i s wi do w
’
.

K an t haji an d P i laj i t h e n pro c e e de d i n j

c o n u n c t i on t o l evy
the c h au t h, b u t t heir all i an c e was
wi n g t o m u t u al so o n b ro k e n o

j e alo u sie s P ilaj i as t h e ag e n t o f Dh ab adp t h e c o m m an de r i a

. -

c h i e fc o n si de re d h i m se lf t h e su pe ri o r i n Guj arat , whi le K ant ha i

j
 ’
1 67
1

T a r G a ss
.
’
n.

as Ag e nt of t h e Ra
j a re fu se d to re c og ni se Pi laj i s pre t e n si o n s.

Th is difi e re nc e i ssu e d i n a t ri al o f arm s a t C a m b ay i n wh i c h

,

P i laj i was de fe a t e d ,
an d h ad t o re t i re t o t h e t o wn of M at ar a b o u t
t h re e m i le s dis t a n t fro m K a ira l 72 5 A . D . K a n t h aji t h e n
le v i e d a c o n t ri b u t i o n o f r u e e s o n e
p l ac an d e l e v e n t h o u sa n d

fro m C a m b ay, of wh i c h t h e s h a re to be p d bai

y t h e E n g li s h
fac t o ry was ru
p ee s fi ve t h o u sa n d . T h e R e s i de n t , M r . Dan ie l
I n n e s, c lai m e d i m m u n i t v on t h e g ro u n d t h a t a lo n g wi t h o ther

fa c t o ri e s on t he se a c o a s t
-
t hey h ad o b t ai ne d pe rm i ss i o n fro m
Sah u Raj a t o t rade . T h is pl e a, h o we v e r, was no t ac c e
pt ed

b y t h e M a rat h as .

H a m i d K han, fe a ri n g t h a t t h e c ont e n t io n b e t we e n t h e se t wo
M a rat h a c h i e fs wo u ld l e ad t o t h e de se rt i o n of o ne o r o th e r of

h is a l li e s, i n t e rpo se d, an d fe c t e d a n
ef u n de rs t a n di n g , b y wh i c h

t he c h au t h of the d i s t ric t s e ast o f the M a h i was as s i g n e d to

P i laj i Gae k wad a nd t hat t o t h e we st t o K an t h aji K ada m . A ft e r

t h i s ag re e m e n t was a c c e pt e d, b o t h l e ft t o spe n d t h e ra i n y se aso n

a t t h e i r re s pe c t i v e h eadq u art e rs .
 1 68

C HAPT E R V I I .

S ir-b ulan d:K h an h im self m arc h es H am i d K h an Afi

'

ag ai nst . ray b et
we e n t h e t wo v i c e roys R e t ak i ng o f Baro da b y t h e I m peri al t ro ops
.

Sac k o f W adn ag ar R e su m pt i o n o f M arat h a rai ds Si rb u l an d

,
.

K h an assi gn s t o P ilaji t h e rig h t t o l e v y t h e C h au t h T h e .

P e sh was in t erfe re n c e S u pe rse ssi o n o f Si rb u l an d K h an

’
,

an d t h e appo i n t m e n t o f A b h e si n gh o f J o dh u r as
p
V i c e ro y C o n t e st b e t we en t h e P e sh wa o n t h e o n e
.

h and and t h e G ae k wad, K ant h a

ji an d Dh ab ade on

t he ot h e r ,
T h e de fe at of t h e t h re e c o n fe d e rat e s.

C onc lusi o n o f t reat y T reac h e ro ns m u rde r

.

aji b y A b h e si ng h s e m i ssari es
o f PiZ
’
.

S u b se q u e n t e v e n t s .

F R O M 1 72 5 TO 1 73 3 A . D .

D e lh i j u st ly o ffe n de d Ha m id K h an s
’
T h e E m pe ro r o f , at

c o n du c t i n di so b e yi n g h is o rde rs a n d i n g i v i ng su ppo rt t o t he
M a rat h as, de spa t c h e d S i rb u la n d K h an h i m se lf wi t h a n ade u at e
q
fo rc e t o c ru sh t he re b e l li o n . W e l l k n o wi ng t h e a b i li t i es o f h is

adv e rsary, H a m i d K h an c o n side re d

i t pr u de n t t o re t i re b e fore
ad v a n c e d di v i si o n o f S i rb u l a n d K h an s a rm , le a v i n
’
t he y g a t t h e

sa m e t im e u n de r t he c om m an d o f an o ffi c e r, a s m all i n at
g a rr so

A h m adab ad, as he c o uld no lo n g e r ex pe c t a i d fro m t h e M arat has .

T h e l a t t e r, h o we v e r, sa w t h at t h e i r c a u se de pe n de d on t he su c

c e ss o f H am id K h an , an d a c c o rdi n g ly th ey c ro sse d the M ah i and

j o i ne d him at M ah m u dab ad ( 1 7 1 2 A . H am id K h an
t h e re fo re re t u rn e d wi t h t h e m t o A h m adab ad, b u t h e fo u n d i ts

g a t e s c l o se d a a in st
g h im , t h e o ffi c e rs wh o m h e h ad l e ft t h ere
b e i ng i o u s t o pl e ase t h e n e w V i c e roy
an x H e ac c o rdi n g ly e n .

c a m pe d wi t h h i s M arat ha a u x il i ari e s n e ar t h e Sh ah i Bag , while

t h e I m pe ri al arm y h al t e d a t A dalaj wa i t i ng fo r i t s art i lle ry , .

T h e M arat h as, t ak i n g c o u rag e b y t h e de lay t h u s o c c asi o n e d, at

o n c e a t t ac k e d t he e n e m y, a n d g ai n e d a vi c t or
y, b u t t h e i r own
'
l o sses we re so h ea vy t h at t h e y c o u ld no t ri sk ano t h e r b at tle .
[P asi 8 1mm l ]'
. 1 70

appe are d as a c om e t i t or and se nt

p U daj t Fowar, one ofh i s o mcers,
to resi st t he c ol lec t io n o f t h e l e vy . Pi laj i h o weve r h ad al ready
, ,

g a i n e d a fi rm fo o t i ng i n t h e dist ri c t .

T h e P o war, t h o ug h g ai n i n g a fe w Su c c e sses, c ou ld n ot su c
c e e d i n dri v i n
g o u t e i t h e r P i laj 1 o r K a n t h aj {
i wh o c o n t i nu e d ,

t o l e vy t h e c h au t h an d sarde sh m u k h i , an d P i laj i also su c c ee de d

in re ai n in
g g po sse ssi o n o f Baroda .

T he P e sh wa Baj 1 Rae ,
h o we v e r, was i n ne
g o t i at i o n wit h
S irb u l a nd K han, a n d, as so o n a s h e h ad c o n c l u de d a
pe a c e wi t h
t he N iz am of H ai da rab ad ,
he se n t an a rm
y u n de r h i s b ro t h er
C h i m naj i A pa t o b ri n g pre ss u re t o b e ar o n t h e G ujarat Vi c e roy .

C h i m n aji e x ac t e d a h e av y c o n t ri b u t i o n fro m Pe t lad, an d pl u de re d

Dh o lk a b u t h e
, a
g re e d 1 72 8 A . D ) . on t h e part of h s i b ro t her
to se c u re t he safe t y o f the i f t h e Pe sh wa was g i ve n t h e
c o u n t ry

ri g h t t o l e vy t h e c h au t h ‘ an d sarde sh m u k h i l Si rb u la n d Kh an, ' '

.

r e g a rdi ng . the P e sh wa as t h e s t ro n g e st o f all the c l a i m an t s,

u l t i m a t e ly c o nse n t e d t o t he p ro
po sa l, wh i c h h e was t h e m o re

wi lli ng to do , i n asm u c h as n e i t h e r P i laj i n o r K a n t h aji h ad b ee n

ac t i ng u p t o t h eir ag re e m e n t s . T he P e sh wa pro m ise d t o k eep

u
p a b o dy of t wo t h o u sa n d fi ve h u n dre d h o rse i n o rde r to put

an e n d t o t he de pre dat i o n s c om m i t t ed b y t h e M arat h as and

other fre e b o o t e rs . H e fu rt h e r u n de rt o o k to re v e n t
p any

M a rat h as fro m t ak i n g par t wi t h disaffe c t e d Z a m i n dars an d o t h er

di st u rb e rs o f t h e pu b li c pe ac e T h e se ag re e m e n t s we re du ly
.

sig n e d in A D 1 72 9 P i laj i Gae k wad h ad h o we v e du ri ng

. . . ,
r ,

t h e t wo pre c e di ng ye ars, po sse sse d h i m se l f o f b o t h Baroda and

D ab h o i wh ile K an t haji h ad
,
se i z e d C ham pan e r . A part t oo of

O ne fo u rt h of t he wh s l e c o lle c t i o n on t h e l an d an d c u st om s also
.

fi ve pe r c ent of t he re v e n u e of the c it y of A h m adab ad .

1 S ardes h m u k h i w as t e n pe r c e n t o f t h e t o t al rev e n u e fro m land and

c u s t o m s wi t h t h e e x c e pt i o n o f t h at de ri ve d fr m t h e port o f Surat and

p
t h e surroundi ng dist ric t .
 1 71

t h e Sardesh m uk h i was also assig ned t o T ri m b ak Rav Dhab ade ,

wh o b i t t e r ly r e se n t e d t he Pe sh was i n t e rfe re n c e wi t h h i m
’
and

P i laj i i n G uj arat .

S i rb u lan d K h an s ac t i o n in t o gi ve t ri b u t e t o t h e
’
c o nse n t in g

M arat has was a lso h ig h ly di sappro v e d o f a t De lh i an d orde rs we re ,

issu ed fo r h i s re c al l M ah a Raj a A b h e si n gh o f J o dh pu r b e i n g
,

a
ppo i n t e d to su c c e e d h im . T h i s was b y way o f re ward fo r h i s
h av i ng wri t t e n t o h is b ro t h e r V a k h a t S i n gh t o m u rde r t h e i r
fat h e r . A b h e si n g h , i t i s t ru e ,
h ad wri t t e n o n ly u n de r e x t re m e
c o m pu lsi o n , fo r wh i le
, on a p l e a su re e x c u rsi o n o n t h e rive r

H u g hl i, t h e E m pe ro r g a v e o rde rs t h a t h e s h o u ld b e t h ro wn o ve r

b o ard u n le ss h e t h e re a nd t h en wro t e a le t t e r to the ab o v e p p

u r o r t .

No m an n e r o f e x c u se , h o we v e r,
b e gi v e n fo r V ak h at Si n g h ,
c an

wh o ,
wi t h h is o wn h an d m u rde re d h is sle e pi ng fa t h e r i n t h e h o pe
,

o f o b t a i n i n g t h e re b y t h e g o v e rn m e n t of N ag o r .

S i rb u la n d K h an had un
q u e s t i o n ab l y do n e e v e ry t h i ng i n h is

po we r to se t t l e t h e c o u n t ry . In a dd i t i o n to wi t h st a ndi ng M a
rat ha a t t ac k s, h e h ad m arc h e d o n se v e ral t ri b u t ary c h i e fs an d

re frac t o ry K o lis h ad, re c o v e re d t h e i r t ri b u t e a nd re v e n u e wi t h

m u c h t ro u b le , a nd i t was o n ly aft e r a ll h is e n de a v o u rs to o b t ai n

fro m D e lh i h ad fai le d, t h at h e
'

u n i ary o r m i li t ary assi s t an c e

pe c

was c o m pe l le d t o yi e ld t o t h e de m an ds of the M arat h as, t h e re

b ein g no o t h e r m e ans o f pre v e n t i ng t h e de v ast at io n an d ru i n o f

t he c ou n t ry . I n sh ort , fe e li ng h i m se lf i ll re q u i t ed, h e de t e rm i ned

n ot t o le av e h i s g o v e rn m e n t wi t h ou t a n appe al to . arms . ,

A b h e si n gh , wit h h is b ro t h e r an d t we n t y t h o u san d m en,

re ac h e d Palan pu r an d was j o i ned at S iddh pu r b y t h e Bah ia from

Radh an pu r (1 73 0 A . N e ar t h e v illag e o f A dalaj a b at t le
was fo u gh t b e t we e n h i m an d S irb u lan d K h an , i n wh i c h t h e
M ah araj ah was de fe at e d . A se c ond e n age m e n t
g also e n ded

wi t h t h e sam e resu l t A t le ngt h Ab h e si n gh e n t e red i nt o n eg o

.
'

'
t is t ions wi t h h is b rav e ri val , who u lt im at e ly c onsent ed t o g ive
[ P m 8 cm. . 1 72

o ve r t h e g ov e rnm e n t t o h i m on re c e i pt o f a prese n t of a l ac of

ru pe e s . He t h e re aft e r proc e ede d t o A g ra .

T h e M arat h as h ad i n t h e m e an t i m e b e e n i n c on fl i c t be
t we e n t h e m se l v e s . T he an i m o si t y b e t we e n Baji Bao Pe sh wa o n
t he o ne h an d an d Pi laj i G ae k wad T ri m b ak Rao Dhabade
, , and

K an t h aji K adam on t he o t h e r, e v e n t u al ly le d t o an o pe n ru pt u re,

an d Dh abade h ad c o l le c t e d a n arm y o f t h i rty - si x t h o u sa n d m e n

to a t t ac k t he D ec c a n . T he Pe sh wa h e ari ng ,
of t h i s, at o nc e

m arc h e d o n G uj a rat . As so o n as h is adv an c e di vi si o n c ro sse d

P i laji s
’
t h e N arb ada, i t was m e t a nd de fe a t e d b y a p y
ar t u nde r

so n Dam aj i . Baj i Rao , h o we ve r, wi t h t h e m ai n por c o m i ng u p

t i o n o f h i s arm y c lo se d wi t h t h e e n e m y i m m e di at e ly, t h o u gh
,

h is fo rc e was n u m e ri c al ly m u c h i n fe ri o r t o t h at o f t h e D h ab ade,
wh o h ad al re ady b ee n j o in e d b y P i laj i a nd K an t h aji .
Th e

P e sh was arm y b e fo re wh o m t h e D h abade s

’
c o n sist e d o f v e t e ran s,
’

ne w l e vie s fl ed at t h e v e ry fi rs t c h arg e . K an t h aji fl e d, b u t

Dh ab ade c o n t i nu e d t o fi g h t wi t h o b st i n ac y u n t i l a ran do m sh ot
fro m t h e ran k s o f t h e e n e m y k i ll e d h i m wh ile i n t h e ac t o f

dra wi ng hi s b o w . Baj i Rao t h u s g ai n ed a c o m pl e t e v i c t o ry. In

t hi s b at t l e , wh ic h t o o k plac e at Bh i lapu r b e t we e n D ab h o i an d

Baro da o n o r ab o u t t h e l st of A pril 1 73 1 , m any pe rsons o f rank

fe l l, i n c l u di n g o ne o f P i laji s so ns, an d Pi laj i h i m se lf was wo u nded

’
.

Baji Rao was, h o we ve r, n o t ab le t o re ap t h e fu ll fru i t s o f t h is

v i c t ory in c o nse q u e n c e of t h e m arc h t o wards G ujarat of t he

N i z am , wh o was i n se c re t l e ag u e wi t h Dh abade . A t re aty
was c o nc l u de d ( g
A u u s t 1 7 3 1 A . D . b y wh i c h Dhabade s
’

i nfan t Y ash v an t Rao was appo i n t e d t o h is fa t h e r s post , and

’
so n

allo we d t o c o lle c t the c h au t h o n the u n de rst an di n

g t h a t h alf
t he a m ou n t re aliz e d sh o u ld be se n t j
t o R a a Sah u t hro u g h t he

P e sh wa, whi le P i laj i Gaek wad was c o nfi rm e d in t he ofi ce of

Dhab ade M u t ali k

’
s or D e pu t y, a nd g ran t e d t he addi t i onal

t i t le of Sena mi ss K hel ( C om m ande r o f th e spec i al b and 1 .

 1 74

P ilaji s b ro th er M d
’
t o t he u su al c h au t h and sardesh m u kh i.

t i Gae k wad, t ak i n g t h e O ppo rt u n i t

y o f t h e a b sc o nc e o f Sher

K h an Bd b i at h is e st a t e a t Balasi n o r, m arc h e d on Ba roda, and

re t o o k i t i n 1 73 41 A D . .
, si nc e wh ic h t i m e i t h as re m ai ne d in
t h e Gae k wad s po sse ssi o n
’
.

Dam aj i wh o m h i s
’
P i laji s so n , u n c le h ad c a l le d t o h is as

si s t a n c e , t h e n t o ok se v e ral i m po rt a n t t o wn s, an d m arc h e d t o wards

J o dh pu r . T h is c om pe l le d h i s fa t h e r s m u rde re r A b h e si n gh t o
’

le a v e a de pu t y ,
R a t a n si ng B h a n dari, at A h m adab ad, wh i le he
h i m se lf proc e e de d t o g u ard h is n at i ve c ou n t ry A li M u h am m ad .

K h an , t h e a u t h o r o f t h e M i rat i ah m adi was a t t h i s t i m e - -

a ppo i n t e d D i wan .

I t was al so ab o u t t h is t i m e ( 1 73 3 A . D ) t h at K h u shal
.

c h an d Sh e t h t h e , a n c e st o r o f the pre se n t N ag arsh e t h fa m i ly of

A b m adab ad r e c e i v e d an I m pe rial Farm an a ppo i n t i n g h im c h ie f

of t h e m e rc an t il e c o m m u nit
y .

M e an wh i le , t h e t rib u t e d ue t o U m ab ai no t h av i n g b ee n paid
i n fu l l, h e r so n J ada vji D h ab ade a
g ai n adv a nc e d o n G ujarat ;
b ut o n a t re at y b e i ng c o n c lu de d b e t we e n h i m a nd t h e Vi c eroy

h e we n t on t o Sc rat h t o c o ll e c t t ri b u t e .
 1 75

0rrs VI I I .

A dairs at Piram , Surat , Bre ac h . I dar and ot h er part s o f Gujarat :

Fo u n dat io n o f Bh av nagar and it s sn b se q u e nt de ve lo pm en t . Su pe r
sessi o n o f A b h e si ng h and appo i n t m e n t of M om in K h an as

V i c e roy . T he lat t e r m ak e s o v e r h al f of A h m adab ad

t o t h e M arat h és .

F R OM 1 72 9 t o 1 7 3 8 A D .
.

W h i le we re t h u s pro c e e di n g i n o th e r q u art e rs o ne
m at t e rs ,

M u l lan M u h am m ad A li a we a l t h y t rade r i n S u ra t c au se d dist u rb

, ,

a nc e s i n t hat c i ty . At fi rs t , wi t h a v ie w to ra i se h i m se lf t o t h e
si t i o n o f a n i n de pe n de n t r u le r, he re m o v e d to t he is la n d of
po

P i ra m n e ar G o g ha, an d s e n t
p larg e su m s i n i n du c i n g m e rc h an t s
to se t t le t h e re . Fi n di n g , h o we v e r, t h a t Pi ram was t oo re m o t e a

s po t , t h e M u l lah , i n 1 72 9 A D . .
, b e g an t o b u i ld a fo rt at t he vil

l ag e of A th wa o n t h e T apt i a b o u t t h re e m i le s fro m S u ra t .

By i n t ri g u e fi rst wi t h t h e c o m m a n da n t an d n e x t wi t h t h e
G o ve rno r o f S u ra t , h e was t h e m e a ns o f c a u si ng a c o nside ra b le
di m i n u t i o n i n t h e t rade of t h a t po rt , h i s fo rt b e ing si t u a t ed

ne a r t he e n t ra n c e o f t he h a rb o u r . Fo r t h e lo ss t h u s o c c as io ne d,

t he G o v e rn o r So h rab K h an m ade a de m an d on h i m fo r a lac of

ru
pe e s, b u t t h e M u l lan re si st e d t h e de m a n d b y fo rc e o f arm s an d

c om
pe l le d So h réb K h an t o t a k e re fu g e wi t h t h e c h ie f o f Bhar
na
g ar 1 73 2 A . D . T h e G o v e rn o rsh i p was t h e n ass u m e d by
t he M b ro t h e r T e g h b a k h t K han T h e la t t e r was o rde re d
’
u lla n s .

b y t he E m pe ro r t o se iz e h i s b ro t h e r t h e M u llan , wh i c h h e did
t re a c h e ro u sl y , m ak i ng h im ri so n e r a t an e n t e rt ai n m e n t to
a p
wh ic h h e h ad b e e n i n vi t e d . He a lso t o o k po sse ssi o n of A t h wa
on b e h a l f o f t h e E m pe ro r, wh o e v e n t u a lly c o n fi rm e d h im i n
A .D 1 73 3 i n h i s po s t o f G o v e rno r, wh i c h h e c o n t i nu e d t o h o ld
.

u nt i l 1 7 4 6 A D
’
n o m i n a lly i n de e d as t h e E m pe ro r s se rv an t b u t
.

prac t i c a lly as a n i n de pe n de n t r u le r . T h e M a rat h a , si n c e t he

deat h o f R ust am Ali , Wh o had k ille d h i m se lf at Vaso as desc ri b e d

[P a r 3 . om . 7] . 1 76

i n t h e fo re g o i n g pag e s, we re , h owe v e r, m as t e rs of t h e dist ric t

n e arly u
p t o t h e wa l ls o f S u ra t T e g h b ak h t K h an c o m pe lled .

t h e Gae k wad t o m a k e h i m an an n u a l assi g n m e n t o f r u ee s t wo

p
l ac s an d t h i rt y- si x t h o u san d . I n Bro ac h a lso t h e G o v e r n o r de
c lare d h i m se l f i n de pe n de n t , a n d was t h e fo u n de r of th e sh ort

li v e d N a wab sh ip o f t h a t dist ri b t
" ‘
. =

D u ri n g t h is pe ri o d t h e re was a c h an e o f ru le rs a t
g Idarf .

I t h ad b e e n h e ld h i t h e r t o b y Rat h o d c h i e fs, wh o we re de fe at e d b y
A b h e si n g h s b ro t h e rs A n a n dsi ng h an d Bas si ng h , a n d t h e se t o ok
’

po ss e ss i o n o f I da r on the Felg an S h u d Sam v a t 1 78 7

7t h of

1 73 1 A . D . A b h e si n g h was, h o we v e r, pro m ise d t h e g ran t

o f I da r wh e n h e c o n se n t e d t o m u rde r h i s fa t h e r, b u t , b e i ng

wi ll i ng t o a ppe a se A na n ds i ng h d Rde si n gh , wh o h a d g one

an

into o u t la wry, he wi lli n g ly ob t a i n e d fro m D e l h i a fre sh g ran t i n

t he n am e s of h i s b ro t h e rs .

0 A b du l la, t h e fi rs t Na wéb , re c e i v e d fro m N i z ti m -

u l -m u l k o f t he

De c c an wh o se priv at e J agi r Bro ac h was, t h e t it le of N ek A l am Kh an

in o r ab o u t 1 73 6 A .
D

He was s u c c e e de d b y h is so n M i rz aBe g i n 1 738

T h i rd so n ( n am e n o t as c e rt a n e d i ) wh o di e d i n t h re e
m ont h s 1 75 2
M i rz a A h m ad Be g , g ran ds o n o b
f A dul la 1 75 4
His so n N az ad K h an 1 768

d
( p
e o se d b y t h e E n g l i s h on t he 1 8t h 1 77 2

1 Id ar was h e l d b y Bh i ls , fro m wh o m G oh a, t h e c ave

o ri g i n all y

b o rn o f P u s h pzi v at i wi d o w o f t h e l as t R 555. o f Valab h i u r b i d

so n
( p o t a ne

it in o r ab o u t A. D 8 00
. . I t was t h e n h e ld fro m 1 000 t o 1 1 9 3 A D by . .

i n wh o se t i m e t h e I dar fo rc e was
’

P ari h tt r R ajpu t c h i e fs, c ut t o pie c es i n t he

g re at b at t le of T han e sh v ar . I t wasfs u b s e q u e n t ly h e ld b y H at hi So rd a Koli

an d h is s o n u n t i l ab o u t 1 2 15 A . D , wh e n t h e B at h o ds k n o wn
. as Bars
wo n t h e fo rt of Idar. I t was fro m t h e last o f t h e se t h at I dar was t aken
by the an c e st o rs o f t h e present c h ief ( 1 73 1 A ,
D T h e Ri va no w hold
t he sm all e r st at e o f Po l .
[Pri s sm t
a ]
r a . 1 73

f trade t heir m onopol ise d by Su rat and b arab ay b egs; was

'

o .

t hen a Jdgi r t o wn o f t h e Bab i fa m i ly b u t su b se q ue n t ly fell t o

'

t he sh are o f t h e P e sh wa wh e n A h m adab ad was fi n a lly t ak en

b y t h e Marat h as i n A D 1 757 W i t h t h e v ie w o f pro t e c t in g

. . .

t he m ari t i m e t rade o f Bh avn ag ar i t s far si gh t e d fo u n de r e n te r ,

ed i nt o a n al lian c e wi t h t h e S idh i s of Ja nj i ra wh o ,
we re i n c om

m an d of the S u ra t c as t l e , ag re e i ng t o g i ve t h em an d a
' '

one

rt e r pe r c e n t o n t h e se a c u st o m re v e n ue o f t h e Whe n
‘

t
“

q ua por .

t he Eng l ish i n 1 756

, A . D, . su
pe rse de d t he Sidh i s i n t h e c om

mand o f t h e S u ra t c as t le , Bhavsi ng hji se c u re d t h e ir as sis t an c e

on t h e sa m e t e rm s . D uri ng h is lo n g re i n
g o f si st
y -
o ne years

h e m ade larg e a ddi t o ns i t o h is t e rri t o ry, an d no t w

, i t h s t andi ng
t h e fa c t t h at h e h ad du ri n g h i s life t i me c o nfe rre d V a ld an d
o t h e r v il lag e s on h is se c o n d so n Vi snj i ,
he was ab le to raise

Bhav n ag ar fro m b e i ng o nly a sm al l c h i e ft ai n sh i p int o i i

‘

-
a pr nc

pal i t y o f c o n si de rab le i m po rt an c e . H is su c c e ssors, c o n t i nu i n g t he

po l i c y of t h e ir il lu st rio u s anc e st o r and lib e rally e n c o u ragi ng t rade

b y e ve ry m e ans i n t h e i r po we r, h av e b ro u g h t no t o nly Bh av na

g ar b u t t h e e nt i re st at e i n t o a v e r
y fl o u ri sh i n g do ndi t i o n , and
it no w ran k s as o n e o f t h e m o st pro spero us a nd we al t h y st at es

i n W e st e rn India ‘ .

In o r a b ou t 1 73 5 A . D Dam aj i Gae k wad wh o was

. , c h osen

b y Um ab ai t h e Dhab ade de pu t y, oi n t e d o ne Rang Baa

’
as s a pp
h is ag e nt K an t h aji , n at u ral ly di sappo i nt e d at t h i s arrange
“

as .

m e n t , m arc h e d wi t h an arm y o n Guj arat . At A nand M o ghri

a b at t le was fo u gh t b e t we e n h i m an d Ban g oj i , i n wh i c h Kan
t haj i was de fe at ed an d c om pe l le d to re t i re to C am b ay . P eac e

was at l e n g t h c o n c l u de d b e t we e n t h ese t wo ri vals b y a t reat y,

wh i c h i t was st i u l at e d t h at d o u ld re ce i v e t he
m p aj i sh
c h au t h o f t h e dist ri c t n or t h o f t h e ri v e r M ah i .
j
K an t h a i t h en

T h e Bh av nagar G o n dal R ai l way, 2 01 m iles m l ength , i ns t he

fi rst t o b e c onst ru c t ed at St at e in K dt hrdwtr
‘

ex pe nse .
 1 79 M o u nt K w? “ 955 3 1
0

wen t to , S c rat h t o le vy t ri b u t e in t h at part of t h e c ou nt ry, and

t h e re aft e r t o t h e De c c an .

T he nex t ye ar, A . D 1 736, . Bangoy advan c ed as fa r as

Be lav , an d c o m m e n c e d de pre da t i o n s T e
h D .e p y
u t -
V i c e ro
y R a

t ansi ng h Bh a ndari t h e re fo re m a rc h e d ag ai n st h i m , o n h e ari n o f

g
wh ic h B an g oy re t i re d t o Vi ra m g am , wh e re
b at t le t o o k pla c e ,
a

wh i c h e n de d i n t h e de fe a t o f Ba n g oj i a n d t h e c apt u re o f h is

b ag gag e . B a ng oji h i m se lf, h o we v e r, re t re a t e d i n t o t h e fo rt , t o

wh i c h Ra t an si n gh g nex t l a id si e e . I n t h e m e an t i m e so m e

M ardt ha h o rse fro m Sarndl, Jo 1 n e d b y i n su rg e n t K o li s, advan c e d

o n K apad v a nj , an d c a pt u re d i t fro m t h e g arri so n T he De pu ty .

V ic e ro y was, h o we v e r ,
o b li g e d to r a ise t he si e g e o f V iram gam ,
a nd
pro c e ed h u rrie dly t o A lrm addb dd on le arn i ng t ha t Dam éji s ’

b ro t h e r P a rt dpRao a nd De v aji Tak pu r we re adva n c i n

g t o wards

t h at c i ty . T h e M a rat h as, h o we v e r, a v o i de d Ah m adéb dd b u t ,

e x ac t i ng t ri b u t e fro m t h e v i llag e s o n t h e v et rak ri v e r, ad v an c e d

to D h o lka c la i m i ng , a sh are o f t he re v e n u e o f t h at di v isi o n, an d

t wo t h o u sa nd h o rse we re l e ft i n o rde r to re ali se t he a m ou n t de

m ande d . P ro c e e di n g nex t t o I dar and Dan t e t h e M a rdt h ds
,

l u n de re d t h e la t t e r t o wn T h u s a la r e t ra c t
g of c o u n t ry he
p .

c a m e a sc e n e o f a n a rc h y a n d di so rde r .

T he I m pe rial C o u rt a t D e l h i n o w g ro wi ng di ssat isfi ed ,

wi t h A b h e si ng h a n d h i s de pu t y Ra t an si ng h s adm in ist ra t io n, ap
’

‘
po i nted M o m i n K h dn , t h e g o v e rn o r of C am b ay, t o b e Vi c eroy
o f G u arat j (A . D . A b h e si n g h none t h e le ss i n st ru c t e d

h is de pu t y n o t t o re s ig n t h e v ic e ro ya l t y wi t h o u t an appe al to
a rm s R at an si n g h ac c o rdi ng ly pre pare d fo r war
. . He fi rst

m a rc h e d S h ré b K h dn wh o h ad o b t a i n e d t h e
ai n st
g a o
g o v
, e rn o r

sh i p o f V i ra m gam a n d sl e w h i m
, i n A D 1 73 5 M om i n . . .

K han se e i n g t h i s a sk e d fo r a n d o b t a i n e d t h e a id o f Bang oji,

, ,

o n t h e c o ndi t i o n t h a t t h e M a rat has sh o u ld b e ass i n e d o n e hal f

g -

o f t h e re v e n u e o f G u a rat , e x c e pt j wh at ac c ru e d fro m t h e c it y o f
[ Paar 1 80

A h m adab ad an d t h e l ands i n i t s i m m e diat e n eig h b o u rh o od ,

and

also fro m t h e po r t o f C a m b ay, o f wh ic h h e was h i m se l f t h e C c

v e rn o r M o m i n K h dn fu rt h e r i n v i t e d Dem etji GAe k W Ad t o j o i n
.

h im . T h is al l i a n c e g a v e th e fi n i sh i ng s t ro k e t o t he t o t t e ri ng
M u gh al E m pi re i n G uj arat ,
an d a l t h o u g h t h e E m pe ro r of De lhi
re g re t t e d h a vi ng m ade M o m i n K hé n i and t he
’
nt m e nt ,
s a
ppo

l at t e r al so s u b se
q u ent l
y sa w t h at t he c o m b i n a t io n h e h ad
fo rm e d wo u ld pro v e disast ro u s t o t h e a u t h o ri t
y of t h e E m pi re i t ,

was t o o lat e t o hi s st e ps A lt h o u g h h e re c e i v e d i n st ru a
re t rac e .

t i o ns fro m t h e E m pe ro r t h at h is a ppo i n t m e n t h ad b e e n c a nc e l
l e d, M o m i n K h an m a rc h e d fro m C a m b ay b y re g u lar st a g e s, b u t ,
o n re ac h i ng K a i ra, h al t e d fo r a b o u t a m o n t h , as t h e ri v e r VAt rak

was t h e n i n fl oo d b y re aso n o f h e avy rai ns A s soo n as po ss ib le, .

h owe v e r h e advan c e d a n d b e sie g e d A h m adé béd

, T h e sie ge .

c o nt in u e d fo r so m e n i n e m on t h s . In t h e m e an t i m e , o ne of

M o m i n K h an de t ac h m e n t s h a d c a pt u re d so m e t h at we re
’
s g u n s

b e i ng se n t fro m S u ra t t o A b h e si ng h at A h m adab ad , an d so o n

a ft e r t h e M a rat h as at t e m t ed to a t t ac k t h e c ity b y s t o rm Ra
p .

t an si n g h , h o we v e r, re u l se d t h e m
p a ft er a se v e re c o n t e st , b u t t he
day fo llo wi ng , se e i ng t h at h e wo u ld not be a b le t o h o ld t h e c it y

i n the e ve n t o f a b o m b a rdm e n t , R a t ansi n gh

fu rt h e r a t t ac k a n d

l i st e n e d t o M o m i n K h an s o v e rt u re s, a n d, a ft e r re c o v e ri ng so m e
’

m o ney a s a pay m e n t t o wards t h e e x pe n se s 1 nc u rre d, re t i re d .

H alf o f t h e c ity was t h e n a c c o rdi ng to e n g ag e m e n t m ade

o ve r t o t h e M a rat h a
s (A . D . T h i s h a l f c o nsi st e d of t he

Bee pu r, A st o dia, J a m dlpu r, K h Anja hAn a nd Ree k h ad wards .

R a n g oy c om m e n c i n g t o o ppre ss t h e i n h a b i t an t s, m os t of wh o m
we re M u sal m an s ,
t h e lat t e r ro se in re b e l li o n, an d d rov e t he
M arat h as o u t o f t h e c i ty fo r a s h o rt t i m e i n t h e sam e y e ar . Mo
m i n K hé n, h o we v e r, was a b le t o e ffe c t a re c o nc i li at i o n t h rough
h is de pu t y F i da u d di n K h an -
So m e t i m e aft e r t h i s, b o t h 110
-
.

m i n K h an a n d B a n g oj i le ft fo r t h e dist ri c t s i n o rde r t o c ollec t

t h e re ve nu e s t ha t h ad fa lle n du e .
[ P an 3 . c an . 1 82

dist u rb an c e t o o k plac e , i n wh i c h M o m i n K h an was dri ven

se ri o u s

fro m A h m adab ad, an d was u l t i m a t e ly o b l ige d t o g i ve Ra n g oji h alf

of t h e G o v e rn m e n t as we ll as o f t he re v e n u e , an d a lso t o pay up

t he arre a rs t h a t h ad ac c u m u la t e d d u ri n g t h e t wo ye ars su b se

q u e nt t o t he ex pu l si o n o f t h e M a rat h as b y t h e M u h a m m ada n s .

T he ne x t ye ar A . D . Dam aj i Gaek wad we n t t o t he

D e c c an wi t h R ang oj i le a v i n g M a lh ar Rao K h u n i
,
at A h m adab ad .

E x pe di t i o n s we re a lso u n de rt a k e n ag a i nst c e rt ai n c h ie fs b y
Fi da u d di n K h an , t h e De pu t y o f M o m i n K h an , wh o e n fo rc e d
- -

t rib u t e fro m Da b h o ra, A t a rs u m b a, man d wa, Lu nav ada a nd

o t he r t o wn s . A ri si n g i n t h e Bh i l dist ri c t was a lso s u ppre sse d.

I n A D 1 74 1 , Bh avs i ng , D e sai l
. .
' '
of V i ra m gam , wh o h ad
ac
q u i re d
g re a t i nfl u e nc e i n t h at t o wn, i ndig n an t at t he

o
ppre ssi o n o f the M a rat has, a t t ac k e d a n d t oo k t h e i r fo rt . Ao
c o rdi n g ly R an g oji a nd M o m i n K han l a id si e g e to V i ra m gam .

Bh av si n g h de fe n de d i t g a lla n t ly , an d at le ngt h a t re at y was c on

c l u de d, b y wh i c h Bhavsi n g h was assi g n e d i nst e ad o f Vi ra m gam
t h e t o wn of Pat ri wi t h i t s de pe nde n t v i l lag e s wh ic h , are st ill in
t h e po sse ssi o n o f h is de sc e n da n t s .

I t was at t h i s t i m e t h a t Dam a 1 Gae k wad re t u rn i n f o m

j , g r

the D e c c an , c ro sse d t he M ah i wi t h a l a rg e a rm
y . H a v i n g t ak e n
Ban sa a ft e r a b ra v e de fe n c e b y t h e K o l is b e b u rn t i t an d t h e n , ,

m arc h e d o n Bro ac h T h i s t o wn h o we v e r h e re fra i n e d from

. , ,

a t t ac k i n g in c o n se q u e n c e o f re m o n s t ra n c e s fro m t h e N iz am of

H a ida rab ad wh o se pri v a t e J ag i r i t was wh e n h e was V ic e roy of

G uj a rat D am aj i h o we v e r a ppe a rs t o h a v e o b t a i ne d o n t h is
.
, ,

o c c a si o n a sh a re o f t h e c u s t o m re v e n u e s o f t h a t t o wn, a ft e r whic h
he re t u rn e d to So n g adh .

e I n t h is ye ar t h e re was a dis as t ro u s fl o o d i n t h e Sab arm at i .

“

1 Des ai i s an h e re di t ary fi c e r appo i n t e d

re ve n u e o f t o lo o k aft e r t he
wo rk o f t h e di s t ri c t
re v e nu e and assist t h e l o c al o fi c ere in re venue ed

m iniet rat i on g ene rally .

 1 33 D rn i flh fi ei swm wh
'

P s ss wa
’
.

I n t his year ( A D 1 74 1 ) se ve ral sk i rm i sh es t o o k pla c e

. .

b e t ween t h e t ro o ps o f M o m i n K h an s D e pu t y Fi da u d di n K h an
’
- -

an d t h o se o f R ang oji s D e pu t y M a lh ar R ao K h u n i b u t
’
,
m at t e rs

we re at las t ly se t t le d t h ro u g h t h e pe rsonal i n t e rve n t i o n

a m ic ab

o f R an g oji a n d M o m i n K h an B a ng oj i i n t h is y e ar b u i l t a fo rt
.

at Bo rsad, wh ic h h e o c c u pi e d a s a re si de n c e .

A ft e r o ne m o re ye ar o f c o n fl ic t s
pe nt i n le vyi ng t ri b u t e fro m
t h e C h i e fs of Si h o r an d N a v an ag ar, t he la t t e r of who m re sis t e d

fo r t we n t y days a n d was t h e n c o m pe lle d t o pay t h e ad di t i o n a l

su m o f r u pe e s fi ft
y t h o u sa n d, M o m i n K h an d ie d i n Fe b ru a ry
A D 1 74 3 Du ri n g t h e pe ri o d o f h i s v i c e roy a l t y h i s
. . . so n -
i n la w
-

N aj u m K h an ac t e d as g o v e rn o r o fC a m b ay and c o n t i n u e d i n t h a t
of
fi c e u n t i l A D l 74 8 , wh e n h e was po i so n e d b y h i s wi fe b ro t h e r
’
. . s

H u ft ak h i r K h an wh o , fail i n g
-
, to re t ai n h i s vi c e ro ya lt y, re v e rt e d
t o t h e g o v e r n o rsh ip of Ca m b ay .

W h i le Ba n g oj i was m os t e ne rg e t ic a lly p ro m o t i ng M arat h a

i nt e re st s i n G uja rat , Dam aji Gae k wad s o wn at t e n t i o n was b e in g
’

e n g ro sse d wi t h t h e af
fai rs of t he D e c c an, whe re c o rdial i t y
h ad n e ve r ex ist e d b e t we e n h im a n d t h e P e s h wa T a ki ng .

t h e re fo re t h e o ppo rt u n i t y fo rde d
af by t he de at h of Baji Rae i n
A pri l 1 74 0, h e j o i ned R ag h uji B h o n sle t he C h i e f o f Be rar, an d

side d wi t h Bapuji N ai k
o ne a c o nn e x i on of Baj i Rae wh o
re sse d h i s c la i m t o t h e t h ro n e
p .

In t h e e n d, h o we v e r, Balaj i the so n o f the lat e Pe sh wa

e st ab l i she d hi s ri g ht t o su c c e e d, an d wo n o ver b o t h Bh o n sle an d
Bapuji t o h i s si de Bapuji t h e n i nv ade d G uj arat an d b u rn t
. ,

So ngadh . a t t h at t im e t h e h e ad q u a1t e rs o f t h e Gae k wad -

.

H is fu rt h e r prog re ss was h o we v e r , , a rre st e d b y th e advan c e

0 A c c o rdi n g t o t radit io n t h is t o wn is s ai d t o h av e b ee n fo u nde d b y a

ce rt ai n mus N al i n t h e fo u rt h c e n t u ry aft e r Ch rist .

b
Cam p ll
e s Bom b ’
ay G az et t e e r Vol 1 1 1 , p g
a e 1 6 7 .
[P as r 3 -
. o w . 9 .
] 1 84

t h e Gae k wad s ac t i ve an d b rav e De pu t y Rangqp, wh o gave

’
of

h im b at t le b e fo re h e c o u ld c ro ss t h e M ah i ( A D 1 74 1 4 2 . .
-

Ba puji h ad i n c o n se q u e n c e to re t re a t t o wards t h e D e c ca n ,
af

t er wh ic h Ba n g oj i re t u rn e d t o Bo rsad .

A ft e r M o m i n K han s de a t h , wh ic h t o o k pla c e i n A D 1 74 3,
’
. .

o rde rs we re re c e i v e d fro m t h e I m e rial C o u rt di re c t i n t h

p g e

D e pu t y Fida u d di n - -
to c arry o n t h e g o ve rn m e n t i n j
c o n u n c t io n

wi t h t h e de c e ase d Vic e ro y s
’
so n M u ft ak h i r K h an
-
. Q u arre ls ,

h o we v e r , a ro se b e t we e n t h e m a nd K a n g oji, an d t h e la t t e r, u nde r

t h e i n s t ig a t i o n of A n a n dram , an o mc e r wh o is sa i d t o h a v e b ee n
di sg rac e d b y M o m i n K h an , so u g h t t o c o m pass t h e de a t h o f t he
—
t wo D e pu t y V ic e ro ys A ft e r Ra n g u p s a t t e m pt s t o ac c o m plish
.
’

t h is o bj e c t h ad fa i l e d, o pe n h os t i li t i e s c o m m e nc e d, a nd t h e M a ,

rat h as ro u t e d i n b a t t l e , R an g oji s re si de n c e a t A h m adabad

’
b e i ng
was b e si e g e d H e t h e n . ag re e d to de li v e r up A nan dram , an d a lso

to su rre n de r b o t h Bo rsad a nd Vi ra m gam . O n t hi s o c c a si o n Sh er

K h an Bab i of Balas i n o r s t o o d se c u ri t y fo r B an g oj i .

E v e n t u al ly, h o we v e r, B a n g oj i c on t r ve i d to e sc a
pe t o Bo rsad
an d t h e Bab i t o Balasi n o r, b u t A n a n dram was pu t t o de a t h . In
t h e m e a n t i m e Dam aj i
’
s b ro t h e r K h a n de Rae j o i n e d Ba n goji , a nd

la id sie g e t o P e t lad, wh i c h u l t i m at e l v su rre n de re d t o t h e m , t he

Vi c e ro y b e in g u n a b l e t o re i n fo rc e t h e g arriso n .

A se ri o u s m f
is o r t u n e n o w b e fe l l F ida u d di n K han
- -
and H u ft
ak h i r K h an . O ne A b du l A z iz K h an , C o m m an dan t at J u nor
n e ar P u na ,
c o n t ri v e d to se n d a fo rg e d o rde r fro m t h e E m pe ror
appo i n t i n g h im as V ic e ro y . A b d u l A z iz K h an a lso a
ppo i n t e d
J a wan m ard K h an Bab i as h is De pu t y T h e re u po n t h e t roops
.

b ec am e c la rn o ro u s fo r t h e i r pa y, a n d pla c e d t h e t wo Vi c e ro s
y
u n de r a r re s t . T h e y we re , h o we v e r, y e ve n t u a l l re lease d, an d b oth
de p a rt e d, F i da u d di n - -
fo r A g raa n d M u ft akh i r K h an fo r Ca m b a
-
y .

A ft e r t ak i n g Pe t lad, K h ande Rao Gae k wad an d R angoji

m arc h ed on A h m adab ad . E nc am pi ng at Yanjar ab o u t seven
 1 1 86

S h e r K han Bah i wh o , rec ei ve d h i m wi t h du e ho no u r . Ja wan

m ard K han, h o we v e r, o b t ai n e d assis t a n c e fro m t h e M arat has,
and de t e rm i ne d t o o ppo se him . In t he fi rst b a t t le , whi c h t o ok

pl ac e a b o u t s i x m i l e s fro m A h m a d aba d , t h e n e w Vi c e ro y was so

fa r su c c e s sfu l as t o b e a b le t o se c u re t h e su b u rb s o f Raj pu r and

Be h ram pu r So o n , h o we ve r, affa i rs t o o k di fi Fak hr
'

. a e re n t t u rn .

ud -
da u la b e i n g wo u n de d h i s
, a lli e s S h e r K han an d t h e Rajaof .

Idar we n t o ve r t o t he e n e m y, a n d t he u n fo r t u n a t e V i c e ro y was
h i m se lf t ak e n priso n e r t o g e t h e r wi t h t wo o f hi s wi v e s .

W h il e t hi s s t r u g g l e was g o i ng o n, K h ande Rae Gae k wad, who

h ad proc e e de d t o t h e D e c c an, re t u rne d wi t h Dam aj i t o G uj arat-
,

a n d b e i n g d issa t i sfi e d wi t h R an g oj i s a t t ac h e d h is
’
ac c o u n t s,

p ro
pe r t y a nd c o n fi n e d h i m i n t h e fo rt at Bo rsad, wh ic h , i t will
be re m e m b e re d, h ad b e e n b u il t b y Ran goji h i m se lf .
 1 87

C HAPT E R X .

Dh ab ade s wido w i n t e rfe res

’
and o b t ai ns the re lease of Bangoy , who
re t ak e s A h m adab a
d an d Bo rs ad . A ffa i rs at S u rat .
Dam a
j,i t ak e n

riso n e r b y t he Pe sh wa, i s re l e as e d aft e r p ay i ng a h e av y ra nso m

p
.

C apt u re o f A h m adab ad jo i n t ly b y t h e P e sh wa and t h e

G ae k wa
d . A n n i h i lat i o n of t h e A ngari a pirat e s,

F R OM 1 74 5 t o 1 75 7 A. i) .

fi
’
wido w U m ab ai h e ar i n g of R ang oj i
’
Dh ab ade s ,
on s c on ne

m ent , su m m o ne d h im a nd K h an de Rao Gae k wad t o h e r pre se n c e .

In o b e di e n c e t o her o rde rs t h e y b o t h r e pai re d t o t h e D e c c an .

T h e re U m ab ai a
pp o in te d R a n g oj i as h er D e pu t y i n G uj a rat ,

an d t h is e mee r a c c o rdi n
g l y r e t u rn e d t o A h m adab ad ex pe l l i n
g .

l ri m b ak R ao Pan di t He a lso
' ‘
t h e re fro m K h a n de Rao s
’
e nt
a
g .

Borsad fro m K h an de R ae s ado pt e d so n H ari b a

’
e v e n t u a lly re t o o k

T hi s pe ri o d was, h o we v e r, far fro m pe ac e fu l. At o ne t im e

Ra n g oj i t he G ae k wad s a g e n t s, o b t ai n e d t h e asc e n d
’

,
a t an o t h e r

e nc
y , an d i n l ik e m an n e r t h e M u h a m m adan V i c e ro
ys an d t h e ir

de pu t ie s we re a lso fre q u e n t ly o ppo se d t h e o ne to the o t h e r}

D is t u rb a n c e s c o n c e rn i ng t h e po st o f G o v e rno r , aro se a t Su rat

i n (A D . . b e t we e n t wo r i v a l c lai m an t s Sayyi d A c h h an an d
Sa fda r M u h a m m ad K hau , i n wh i c h t h e la t t e r was s u c c e ssfu l o wi ng
t o h i s h a v i ng se c u re d t he assist a n c e o f t h e D u t c h and o t h e r fo re ig n ’

m e rc h a n t s, a n d a lso t hat o f t he H a b sh is wh o h ad c o m m an de d t h e
D e lh i E m pe ro r s A d m i ra ls si n c e A D
’
c as t le as t he . . 1 67 0 . On
t h is o c c as i o n t h e h e ad o f t h e E n g l ish fa c t o ry M r Lam b e fai t h fu lly .

adh e re d t o h i s pre v i o u s ag re e m e n t t o a id t h e c au se o f S ayyi d .

A c h h an I n c o n se q u e nc e o f t h is, h o we v e r t h e E ng l ish fac t o ry

.
, .

was a t t ac k e d a n d pl u n de re d a n d M r Lam b e , o n re c e i v i ng a le t t e r
, .

o f c en s u re fro m t h e G o v e rn o r o f Bo m b a
y , com m i t te d i
s u c i de .

Sayyid A c h h an , wh o e v e n t u al ly s u c c e e de d i n 1 75 8 A D h ad .
‘

'
T hi s was a ye ar o f fam i ne in Gujarat ,
[ Paar 8 . onsr . 1 0 .
] 1 88

sou g h t ai d fro m t h e Gae k wad, an d h ad pro m i se d t o pay t h re e lac s

t o Dam aji K e darji fo r h i s se rvi c e s . Al t h o u gh
’
o f ru pe e s s c o u si n

c h i e fs assi st a n c e was n o t re q u i re d, be t h e l e ss c l ai m ed
’
t h at n on e

t he st i pu la t e d s u m . T he u n fo rt u n at e Sayyi d was t h e re fo re c om

o l le d t o assi g n h im o ne - fo u rt h o f t h e re v e n u e o f S u rat , u n t i l t he
p
de m a n d sh o u ld b e pa id u p i n fu ll .

T h is pe ri o d wi t ne sse d a no t h er c h ang e i n t h e M arat h a de

u t i e s o f A h m adab a d o wi n g t o t h e de at h o f Dh abade s wi do w
’

p
U m ab ai He r g ran dso n Bab u Bao Se napat i was i n du c e d, t h ro u gh
.

K h an de Rao i nfl u e n c e , t o appo i n t Dam aj i Gae k wad h is de

’
s as

p u t y, a nd t h e la t t e r n o m i na t e d o n e R ag h u sh an k ar as h i s age nt
at A h m adabad . T h e Gae k wad t h e n m arc h e d on Bo rsad, and,

in j
c o n u n c t io n wi t h t h e ar m i e s o f M o m i n K h an I I . a nd Jawan
m ard K h an, b e si e g e d t h a t t o wn , wh ic h t h e y su c c e e de d i n t ak i ng
a ft e r fi ve m o n t h s T h e y al so t o o k Ran g oji priso n e r i n A D
. . .

1 74 7 . Balaj i P e sh wa, h o we v e r, wh o was st i ll h ost il e t o t he

Gae k wad, se n t t ro o ps ag a i n s t K h an de Rao, a nd proc u re d t he
re le ase o f Ba n goji i n t h e fo llo wi ng ye ar .

A t A h m adab ad i n t h e m e a n t i m e , J awanm ard K h an , se c re t ly

j ealo u s o f t h e po we r o f t h e Gae k wad, h ad e n t e re d i nt o n e g o t ia

t i o ns wi t h t he P e sh wa wh o se h e lp h e
, so li c i t e d in o rder to
t h e Gae k wad
’

ex
pe l s a
g e n t fro m t h at c i ty 3 b ut t h e Pesh wa,
b e i ng t h e n at war wi t h t h e N i z am of t h e De c c a n, was u nab le

to c o m ply wi t h t h is re q u e st .

E v e n t s, h o we v e r, so o n h appe ne d wh ic h b ro u gh t Damaj i
i nt o o pe n c o nfl ic t wi t h t h e Pe sh wa . Raj a sah u b e i ng on h is
de at h b e d, - A . D . 1 74 9 , n u m e ro u s i n t rig u e s we re se t on foot
re g ardi ng t he su c c e ssi o n . Tarab ai, gran dm o t h e r of t h e you ng

Rajaram wh o h ad b e e n ado pt e d b y sah u , and wh o c o n se

q u e ntl
y
su c c e e ded
t o t h e t h ro n e, adv i se d h i m t o t ry and sh ak e of t he
P e sh was c ont ro l, b u t , h avi ng fai led i n h erjpersnasjnn,
’

g h
s e sent
[PAR T 3 . C HAP . 1 90

T h o u g h h e i s sai d t o h av e spe n t i n t h at c i t y m ore

'

in c o n fi n e m e n t .

t h an a la c o f r u pe e s o n N az ars (pre se n t s) an d b ri b e s t o o fli c e rs,

h e h ad at las t t o a
g re e t o pay t h e P e sh wa a su m o f fi ft e e n l ac s
o f ru
pe e s as a n ac
q i t
u t a n c e fo r a ll the a rre ars du e , A D . . 1 75 2 .

D am aj i a ls o p a sse d a b o nd p a
g re e i n
g t o an e
q u al a rt i t io n o f t he

t e rri t o ri e s t h e n i n h i s po sse ssi o n , a n d o f a ny wh i c h m i g h t t h e re

a ft e r b e c o n u e re d
q al so t o a n e
q u a l d i v i s i o n o f re v e n u e o f e v e r
y
k i nd . H e fu r t h e r g a re e d to m ai n t a i n t e n t h o u sa n d h o rse , and

to i
a ss s t t he P e sh wa wh e n n e c e s sa r
y; an d a lso , as b e i ng t he

de pu t y of D hab ade S e napa t i ,

t o pay an a n nu al t ri b u t e of fi ve

fro m t h e Dh ab ade s s h are

’
lac s a nd t we n t y fi v e t h o u sa n d
-
ru
p e es

of the re v e n u e . T h e se t e r m s D am aj i wa s c om pe l l e d to ac c e pt ,

fo r d u ri n g h is a b se n c e ffa i rs i n G uj a rat h ad ass u m e d a se ri o u s

'

a s pe c I n A D 1 7 5 3 t h e Pe sh wa se n t h is b ro t h e r R ag h u n at h
t . . .

R ao wi t h a n a rm y t o t h a t pro v i n c e i n o rde r t o c o m ple t e t h e

a rran
g e m e n t s e n t e re d i n t o wi t h Dam aj i G ae k wad, an d t o t ak e

p o s se ssi o n o f A h m a dab ad . D am aj i h i m se lf a l so j o i n e d t h e arm y

so o n a ft e r wards . T he y a rri v e d, wi t h o u t b e i n g i m pe de d on th e
m arc h , as fa r as A h m a dab ad, wh e re J a wan m a rd K han Bab i t h e
I m pe ri al v i c e ro
y h a d, d u r i n
g D a m a j i s c o n fi n e m e n t i n P u n a,
’

u s u r pe d t he wh o le po we r o f t h e c i t y, a n d m e re ly pe rm i t t e d t he
Gae k wad s re a l i se h i s m as t e r s d u e s
’ ’
ag e n t to .

T he com b i n e d M arat h a a r m y la i d se i e
g t o th e c i t y, wh i c h
was we l l de fe n de d b u t ,
at l e ng t h J a wa nm ar d K h an a
g r e e d to
s u rre n de r it o n c o n di t i o n o f t h e ir su l i lac o f ru fo r
pp y gn a
pe e s

p a
y m e nt of h i s t ro o ps, b e s i de s pre se n t i n g h i m wi t h an e l e h a nt
p
a n d v ari o u s a r t i c le s o f v alu e . I t wa s fu rt h e r st i pu la t e d t h at

J a wan m a rd K h an and h i s b ro t h e rs s h o u ld b e a llo we d i n Jag i r ,

f re e fro m an
y c la i m on t he p art of t he M a rat has , t h e di s t ri c t s

o S
f a m i , R adh a n pu r wi t h T e r wara , Pat a n , W a dn ag ar T h arad , ,

K h e ral u an d Bij apu r, als o t h at t h e m e m b e rs of Ja wanm ard

 Jom r M R ULE
' '
1 91 '
ARA T HA .

Kh an s fa m ily
’
sh o u l d n o t b e di st u rb e d i n t h e i r pre se n t posse s
si o n s, an d t h a t he a n d h i s a rm y sh o u ld b e a l lo we d t o re t i re wi t h

t h e h o n o u rs of war T h e se st i u la t i o n s h av ing b e e n ag re e d t o,
.
p
J a wan m a rd K h an l e ft t h e c i t y i n A pri l 1 7 5 3 , an d t he p ro v i n c e

was t ra n sfe r re d t o t h e P e h wa s a nd t h e G ae k wad, wh o re a li se d

t he re v e n u e in e
q u al
p
ro
p o rt i o n s . T h e g a rri so n was, h o we v e r,

pro v i de d b y t he P e s h wa e x ,
c e pt t h a t t he G ae k wad a
g re e d t o pay
a n n u a l ly s i x t h o u sa n d r u pe e s t o wa rds t h e e x pe n se s o f m a n ag e m e n t .

A ft e r a S h
ppor i a t R ao as h i s de u t y t o c a rry o n t h e
i n t in
g p p
o v e rn m e n t , R a h u n at h Rao l e ft fo r Li t n b d i, t h e C h i e f o f whi c h
g g
s t a t e c o n se n t e d t o t he m ent of t ri b u t e am o u n t ing t o fo rt y
p a
y
t h o u sa n d ru
pe e s a
y e ar, wh i le Pala n pu r was c o m pe l le d t o su l
pp y
t e n t h o u sa n d ru
p e es a y e a r, A . D . 1 75 3 . Dam aj i a lso , a ft e r

l e v yi n g t r i b u t e i n t h e v at rak K a n t h a v i l lag e s, t o o k K a padv a nj

fro m Sh e r K h an Bab i .

S h ri pa t Rao no w e n t e rt ai n e d t h e de sig n o f c on
q u e ri n g Cam
b ay b u t
, a ft e r t wo i n de c isi v e b a t t le s ,
re t u rne d in A . l) . 1 75 4 ,
M o m i n K h an ag re e i n g t o pay an a n n u a l t ri b u t e o f ru pe e s se v e n

t h o u sa n d . A b o u t t h is t i m e t o o a n e x p e di t i o n was se n t a ai n st
g
t h e Bhi ls d K o l is wh o h ad ag a i n b e g u n t o ra v ag e t h e
an ,
c o u n t ry,

c a rryi ng o ff wo m e n a n d c h i l dre n i n b ro a d da l i h t
y g .

T he P e sh was
’
de pu t y B h ag v a n t Rao nex t m a rc h e d on

C a m b ay H e was h o we v e r,
.
, e n t ra ppe d b y t he c u n n i ng o f M o m i n

K h an ,
an d
p m ade ri so n e r . T h e Pe sh wa ac c o rdi ng ly se n t an

o t h e r fo rc e u n de r t h e v e rn o rs o f J a m b u sar a n d Vi ram am
g o
g ,

wh o fo r t h re e m o n t h s b e si e g e d t h e c i t y b u t wi t h o u t su c c e ss , .

A l i M u h am m ad K h an D i wan, t h e a u t h or o f t h e M i rat -i A h m adi , -

at le n g t h e ffe c t e d a re c o n c i l i at i o n , a n d se c u re d t he re le ase o f

B lr: g v an t Rao . T h e la t t e r was re c al le d fro m h i s po st o f de pu t y,

but est ab li sh i ng h i m se lf at N apad, b e t h e re c arri e d o n warfare

wi t h M om i n Khan whom h e , at l ast c om pe lle d t o pay t en
[ P m mm »
. 192

t h ou san d ru pe e s b e ing t h e sh are of t h e M arat has wh i c h h e had

fo r a t im e wi t h h e ld .

M o m i n K h an was at t h is t i m e hard pre ssed fo r m o n ey to

h i d i d i i b l d
’

p y
a s t ro o
ps a n , n, o r e r t o ra se t ,
e g a n t o
p u n e r s e v e ral
v illa e s b e l o n i n t o t h L i m b di T h a k d t h h i f H
g g g e o r a n o e r c e s e .

a lso m arc h e d on G og ha wh ic h fo rm e rly b e lo n g e d t o C a mb ay,

b u t wh i c h h ad b e e n u su rpe d b y Sh e r K h an Bab i and t ak en

fro m h i m b y t h e P e sh wa i n o r ab o u t A . D 1 75 1 M o m i n K han
. .

‘
o b t a i n e d e as o sse ssi o n o f Gog h a an d u t t i i so n
y p , p ng a
g arr

t h e re i n , re t u r n e d in A . D . 1 75 5 . He t h e n m arc h e d o n Bo rsad,
b ut t i m e ly su c c o u r u n de r Dam aj i s sa v e d t h is t o wn
’
so n from
c a pt u re a nd l n de r
p u .

Va ri o u s c a u se s we re no w pro du c i ng disc o n t e n t am o n g st t he

i n h ab i t a n t s of A h m adab ad . T he r u le of the M arat h as was

fe l t t o b e m ost o ppre ssi v e t h e t o wn -
wal l h av i ng t u m b le d do wn
in se v e ra l l s in c o n se q u e n c e o f h e a vy rai n , t h e i n ro ads of
p ac e

ro b b e rs we re b e c o m i n g fre q u e n t , an d t h e se n se o f g e n e ral i a
se c u ri t y was h e i g h t e n e d wh e n t h e ag e n t o f t h e M arat h a s was

assassi n a t e d b y a R o h i la M o m i n K h an , re c og n i si n g i n t his
.

di sc o n t e nt h i s o p o rt u n i t y, c o n c e i v e d
p t h e b o l d i de a of c a
pt u ri ng
t he c ity . A c c o rdi n g ly h e fo rm e d an all i an c e wi t h t h e Rajao f
I da r ,
a n d, m arc h i n g by re g u l a r st ag e s, ar ri v e d b e fo re t h e c i t y

g at e s at the e nd o f A . D 1 75 5
. . A ft e r one o r t wo b at t le s i n t he

su b u rb s, a
po rt i o n of h i s fo rc e s, au
g m e nt ed b
y t h e K o li s who
h ad j o i n e d h i m i n h o pe s o f pl u n de r, s u c c e e de d i n e fl e c t i ng a
'

e n t ra n c e i n t o t h e c i t y , a n d t h re w o pen i t s g at e s t o t h e e nt i re

a rm y . A ft e r a h an d -
t o -
h an d fi g h t t h e M a rat h as we re ro u t e d,
an d th e c it v wa s t ak e n sse ssi o n o f b M o m i n K h an , wh o th e n
po y
a ppo i n t e d Sh a m b h u ram G ardi as h i s de pu t y .

W h en t h e ne ws of M om in K h an s ’
9 6311 5 reac h ed
c apt u re of

t h e E m pe ro r at De lh i , t h at pot e n t at e se nt h i m a s word o f h o no u r .
 { k5
Pi n . l
on y . 1 94

t h e Raj ao f Idar, h ad also t o m ak e ov e r t o t h e M arat h as P arant i j,

Bijapu r and t h e h al f sh are of M o dasa, Bayar an d Harso l .

W h ile G uj arat was passi n g t h ro u gh t h e se t ro u b le s, t h e E ng

l ish , de st i ne d a t no di st an t pe rio d t o b e t h e ru le rs n o t o n ly of
G ujarat b u t of t he wh o le o f I n di a we re g ai ni n g re n o wn b y t h e i r
,

ex plo i t s . T h e A ng rias h ad re c e n t ly b e c o m e t h e c u rse o f all

t he se a po rt s an d we re i n t h e h a b i t o f l u n deri n g t h e v e sse ls o f
, p
e v e ry n at i o n wi t h o u t dist i nc t io n T h e i r pirac i e s pro c e e de d so
.

far t h at fo r so m e t im e t h e E ast I ndi a C o m pan y was c o m pe lle d

t o m a i n t ai n a l arg e fl e e t a t a c o st o f fo u r l ac s o f ru pe e s i n o rde r

t o pro t e c t t h e i r t rade . Fo r t h e a n n i h i la t i o n of t h ese A n g rias

t h e E ng l i sh an d th e M arat h as e n t e re d int o an al li a n c e , an d in
5 Fe b ru ary, A D 1 75 6 b o m b arde d
. . t h eir s t rong fo rt of G h e ria

( V e z i adru g ) in t h e R at nag i ri dis t ri c t on t he se a c o ast

-
. This
was so o n c apt u re d, t h e A ng ria fl e e t was de st roy e d, and t h e ir
c h i e f T a la i j was t ak e n pri so n e r T h u s t h e deat h b lo w was g i ve n
.

t o t he ravag e s o f t h ese dari ng pi rat e s, a fac t o f n o sm all i m po rt o

anc e to v e sse ls sai li n g alo n g the c o ast fro m t h e G uj arat po rt s .

T h e pl u nde r a m asse d b y t h e A n grias am o u n t i ng t o ,

no le ss
t h an t e n lac s o f ru pe e s fe l l i n t o t h e h an ds o f t h e v ic t o rs
, . G he
riawas re t ai n e d b y t h e M arat h as, wh i le t h e E ng l ish we re assign ed
t en v i llag e s i n c l u di n g Ban k o t , i n o rde r t o pro v i de fo r t h e m ai n
t e ns ac o of t h e lo c al fo rt , k n o wn as Fo r t Vi c t ori a, dist an t ab ou t

si x ty m i les from Bom b ay .

 1 9 55

PART 1V .

Fro m t h e c onq u est o f G u arat j b y t he M arath s a t o t h e prese nt t im e .

'

F R OM 1 75 7 t o 1 8 9 3 s . D .

C H A PT E R I .

M arat h as c oin m o ne y i n t h e A h m adab ad m i nt t h ey at t ac k C am b ay

an d le v y t r i b u t e . A ffai rs at S u rat . T h e E n g l i sh t ak e c o m m an d

of t he c as t le , an d t u rn ou t t h e Hab sh i s . Disast rous defeat

of t h e M arat h as P an i pat Dam a j i T h e Bab i
’
at s , re t u rn .

re c o v e rs Balas i no r Dam a ji,

m arc h e s on C am b ay an d

fru s t rat e s t h e le ag ue of t he M u h am m adan s t o re

g ai n G u jarat ,
H is wi t h R agh u n at h
all i an c e

B ao ag ai nst t he P esh wa Ragh unat h

.

Bao G ov in d R ao s defe at
’
s an d and
’

b y t h e P e sh was
’
c apt ure arm y.

D am a
ji d h
’
s e at .

F s on 1 7 5 7 t o 1 76 8 A . n,

T he c oi ni n
g of M u g h al ru
pe e s i n A h m adab ad h ad c e ase d
e ve r si n c e t h e M a rat h as fi rst t oo k po sse ssi o n of A h m adab ad .

A c c o rdi ng ly Sadash i v Ram c h an dra an d D am aj i Gae k wad no w

o rde re d n e w c o i ns b e a ri n g t h e r e pre se n t at i o n of a n e le ph ant

g o a d to be s t ru c k in t he A h m adab ad m i n t , A . D . 1 75 7 .

T h e se of
fi c e rs t he n se t o u t t o wa rds S orat h a nd o t h e r
par t s o f t he

pro v i n c e in o rde r to c o l le c t t ri b u t e , l e av i n g t h e i r re s e c t i ve
p
de pu t i e s i n t h e c i ty .

S adash i v Rao h ad no t fo rg o t t e n t h e t ro u b le g i ve n b y M om i n
s oo n as h i s afl a i rs we re se t t l e d an d h e
'

K h an , and t h e re fo re , as

h ad de spat c h e d a fo rc e t o ai d t h e Rae of K ac h h i n h i s c o n te m

p la t e d a t t ac k o n T a t t a, h e
pro c e e de d a g a i n st C a m b a
y i n A D . .

1 75 8 , a nd, b e sie g i ng t h at t o wn , c o m pe l le d M o m i n K han t o pay

t we n t y t h o u san d wo ye ars t rib u te He
b e i ng arre a rs o f t
’
ru
pe e s, .

also le vi e d t ri b u t e fro m t h e c h ie fs o f U m ei t a, Balasinor, Luna

r m and P alanpu r .
[P a r 4 onu 1
. . .
] 1 96

D u ri ng t h is ye ar i m port an t c h ang e s t o o k plac e at S u rat .

Sayyi d A c h h an, wh o h as b e en al re ady m e n t i o ne d as h a v i n g b e en

o u s t e d b y Safda rJ a ng , we n t t o P u naan d o b t ai n in g fro m t h e Pe sh wa
,

the a ppo i n t m e n t o f G o v e rno r, re t u rne d t o S u ra t wi t h a b o dy o f

M arat h ah orse , an d, wi t h t h e a ss is t a n c e o f N e k n am K h an , G o ve r
Safdar K h an s so n a nd
’
no r o f Bro ac h , s u c c ee d e d in ex p e l li n g

su c c e sso r A l i N avaz K h an . T h e E ng lish a lso , c o n side ri n g t hi s

a g o o d o ppo rt u n i t y fo r re t a li a t i n g on t he Hab sh i s wh o h ad
,

l u n de re d t h e i r fa c t o ry a n d k i l le d t wo o f t h e i r c l e rk s, ob t ai ne d
p
s o m e m e n o f war fro m Bo m b ay, an d, t h u s st re n g t h e n e d,
- -
c a pt u re d

t h e fo r t i n M arc h 1 75 9 , a ft e r wh i c h M r. S pe n c e r t h e c h i ef

fac t o r was pp a C o m m a n da n t i n l ie u o f t h e
oint e d H a b sh is .

M om in K han N awab o f C am b ay a lso e n t e re d i n t o a lli an c e

wi t h t h e E ng li sh ,
a n d, b ac k e d b y t h e i r i nfl u e n c e , we n t on t o
P u na t o h av e
. an i n t e rv i e w wi t h t h e P e sh wa O n t h e n e ws of .

t h e E n g li sh h a v i n g t a k e n t h e fo r t of S u rat re ac h i n g t h e E m pe ror

at D e lh i , t h e l at t e r se n t a Fa rm an , a
ppo i n t i ng the H o n o u rab le
E ast I n dia C o m pa n y as A d m i ra ls of t h e I m pe ri a l fl e e t , and t he

G o v e rn o r o f Bo m b ay a s C o m m an de r of S u rat C as t le . T h is o rde r

re ac h e d S u ra t i n A D l 7 6 0 wh e n M . .
,
r. Spe n c e r a n d o t h e r g e nt le
m e n m arc h e d i n pro c e ssi o n wi t h du e po m p t o re c e i v e t h e
out

b e are rs o f t h e Farm an T h e ye a rl y paym e n t o f t wo lac s of ru pe e s

.

t h at h ad b e e n m ade o n ac c o u n t o f t h i s c o m m an d t o t h e H ab sh i s
of J anj i ra was no w t ran sfe rre d t o t h e C o m pa ny i n a c c o rdanc e

wi t h t h e I m pe ri a l Fa rm an da t e d 4 t h S e pt e m b e r A D 1 75 9 . . .

T h e ye a r A D 1 76 1 was fu ll o f m i s fo r t u n e fo r t h e M ara
. .

T h e P e sh was b ro t h e r R a g h u nat h R ae b e i ng e lat ed b y

’
t haa .
,

h is s u c c e sse s in t he De c c an ,
h ad t h e yau dac i t
t o i n v a de t h e

P anj ab i n A D 1 75 8 , . . t he n re c e n t l
y wre st e d fro m t h e M u gh al

E m pi re De lh i b y A h m adsh ah A b dali r u le r o f A fgh ani st an

of .

R ag h u n at h Rae a n d h i s a u x i liari e s H o lk ar an d Si n dh i a we re
t wi c e de feat e d
p a nd ut to fl ig h t . H e ari n g of t h is i n t he su m

m er of A D 1 760, Vi sh vas M
. . 0, t he so n o f t h e Pest wi t h his
[ P a r 4 c an
. . l .
] 1 98

o f K ai ra an d t h e dist ri c t s of Pat an Bij apu r W adnagar Visal

, , ,

na
g a r and K h e ralu wh ic h we re t h e n h e ld b y
, Ja wan m ard K han
a nd o t h e r Bab is . H e t ra n sfe rre d t he se at of h i s g o v e rn m ent
fro m So n g adh t o Pat a n , o nc e t he c api t a l o f t h e H i n du K i ngs o f
A n h il war , A . D . 1 76 3 . He al so t o ok posse ssi o n of A m reli
fro m t h e K at h is, a nd h a v i ng e spo u se d t he dau g h t e r of t he C hie f
of Lat h i t h a t C h i e f pre se n t e d Dam nag a r wi t h i t s t e n de pe n de nt
,

v i llag e s a s h e r do wry D am a j i n e x t c o n q u e re d se v e ral t o wn s i n t h e

.

t e rr i t o ry of t h e N a wab of J u n ag ad h , an d h is a rm
y w a s
p re se nt

wi t h R ag h u n at h Rao wh e n t h e la t t e r o n a u a rre l wi t h h i s n e h e w
, q p
madh a v Rama de fe a t e d t h e Pe sh was arm y b e fo re Gh od N adi
’

T h i s ac t io n b ro u g h t on Dam aj i t h e wrat h o f t h e re i g n i n g Pe
sh wa wh o
, ,
on t h e pre t e n c e t h at t h e g i n al par t io ri
t i o n o f t e r ri t o ry
b e t we e n h i m an d th e G ae k wad h ad b e e n t oo fa v ou rab le t o t h e
lat t e r i n c o n se q u e n c e o f h is ac q u a i n t an c e wi t h t h e re so u rc e s o f

G uj a rat , t o o k fro m h i m di s tri c t s y i e ldi n g a n

si x e s t i m at e d t e

ve nu e o f t wo l ac s an d fi ft y fo u r t h o u sa nd ru pe e s
-
.

T h is de pri va t i o n o f t e rri t o ry was so o n aft e r wards fo l l o wed b y

t s t i ll g r e a t e r c a la m i t y, wh i c h b e fe l l D am aj i sh o rt ly b e fo re h is
de at h I n A D 1 76 8 h i s a l ly R ag h u n at h R ao,h a vi ng
. . . asse m b le d a

fo rc e i n t h e C h an du r ra n g e t o fi g h t ag ai ns t t h e Pe sh wa Dam aj i
,

se n t t o h is assi st a n c e so m e t ro o ps u nde r t he c o m m an d o fh is son

G o v i n d Rao . T he P e sh wa h o we ve r , , su c c e e de d i n dri v i n g t h is

fo rc e i n t o t h e fo rt of Dh o da p ,
an d t h e re c o m pe ll e d b o t h R ag h u
n at h Rao and Go v i n d Rao t o su rre n de r u n c o ndi t i o nall ,
y wh e re
u
pon t h ey we re t ak e n as p ri so n e rs to P u na .

O n t h is oc c asi o n , t h e Gae k wad was re q u i re d t o pay a fi ne

of r u pe e s t we n t y t h re e l ac s
- an d t we n t y fi -
ve t h o u san d, b e sides

an o t h e r su m o f ru pe es fi ft e e n lac s and si x t y-fi ve t h o u san d as

Balaji Pesh wadied soon aft e r t h e disast rous, b at t le of Pani pat .

 ' ’
1 99 DA M A JI
’
S c u rs .

arrears of t ri b u t e . T he six p g
ar an as, re c en t ly t ak e n fro m t h e
G ae k wad, we re t o b e re st o re d t o h i m , b u t t he ann u al t rib u t e

was i n c re ase d fro m ru pe e s fi ve lac s an d t we n t y fi -

ve t h ou sand t o

se v e n lac s a n d se ve n t y n i ne -
t h o u sa n d . H o we v e r, b e fore t h is
se t t le m e n t was fi na l l e fl e c t e d, Dam aj i Gae k wad wi t h
'

y m et a

fa t a l ac c i de n t in so m e ex p e ri m e n t s wh ic h an al c h e m i st h ad

pe rs u ade d h im to m ak e wi t h a v ie w t o t h e di sc o ve ry o f t h e
h i l h h l l h e v e n t fu l c are e r
’

p o s o p e r s s t o n e T . u s s t ran
g y
e c o se d t e

o f t h i s i l l u st ri o u s so ldie r, A D 1 76 8 . . .
 2 00

C HAP T E R I I .

G o v i nd R ao su c c e e ds Dam a
j,i b u t i s o u st e d i n fav o u r of Saya
jr .

Fat e h S i ngh i s appo i nt e d t h e lat t e r s de pu t y

’
Bre ac h t ak e n b y
.

t he E ng l is h R ag h u n at h t ri o P e sh was an d Fat e h S i n gh
’
.

G a k wad s t re at ies wit h t h e Brit i sh . Di spu t e s

’
e
b et
we e n t h e P e sh wa an d t h e Bri t i sh .

F R OM 1 76 9 t o 1 77 5 A . D .

Dam aj i Gae k wad l e ft fo u r s o n s, Sayaj t t h e e l de s t b y h is se

c o nd wi fe G o v i n d R ao b y t h e fi rst wife , an d M an aj i an d Fat eh
,

S i n g h b y t h e t h i rd A t t h e t i m e o f h i s fa t h e r s de a t h G ov i nd
’
.

Rao was a st a t e
pri so ne r in Pu na He . e a si ly se c u re d the c o n se nt

of the P e sh wa t o h is s u c c e ssi o n by at o n c e a c c e di n g t o h i s de

m a n ds m e n t io ne d i n t h e pre c e di n g c h apt e r, an d b y pre se n t i ng

in a ddi t i o n a N az ar (pre se n t ) of t we n t y o ne l ac s o f r u pe e s .

G o v i n d R ao b ro t h e r S ayaji was we ak m i n de d, b u t h is
’
s -

y o u nge r b ro t h e r Fa t e h S i n g h , wh o was i n Baro da a t t h e t im e

h i s fa t h e r s de a t h , t o o k po sse ss io n
’
Of of t h e t h ro n e on b e h alf of
S ayaj i, a nd in A . D . 1 77 1 re
p a ire d t o F u n d, wh e re h e fo rc ib ly
u rg e d t h e c la i m s O f S ayaj i . T h e S h ast ri of t h e C o u r t h a v i ng

P e s h wa c an c e l le d
’

p ro n o u n c e d i n h is fa v o u r, t h e G o v i n d Pé o s

an d ap oi n t e d S ayaj i h is fa t h e r s wi t h
’
nom in at i o n , p as s u c c e sso r

F a t e h S i ng h h i s de pu t y
as T h i s am b i t i o u s pri n c e fu rt h e r o h
.

t ai n e d fro m t h e P e sh wa pe r m i ssi o n t o wi t h dra w h i s c o n t ing e n t

fro m P u na ,
and to p y
a i n lieu Of it si x l ac s a nd se v e n t y- fi ve

t h o u san d r u pe e s a Fa t e h S i n g h t h e n Offe re d to c o n c l ude

y e ar .

an o ffe n si ve de fe n si v e t re at y wi t h t h e E n g l i sh , b u t t h e
an d

a u t h o ri t i e s at Bo m b ay c o u l d n o t a c c e de t o h i s wi sh e s i n t h e

a b se n c e O f o rde rs fro m t h e C o u rt of D i re c t o rs .

E ve r si n c e A . D 1 75 9 wh e n
.
,
t h e E ng li sh ac u i re d
q t he
c om m an d o f S u rat C ast l e , t h e y h ad g ai ne d a c o m pl e t e asc e nd
e n c y o ve r t he N awab s, wh o b e c am e t h enc eforward rulers i n
[ Paar 2 02

a u t h o ri t
y wi t h o u t a st r u gg l e . I n t h e m e a nt i m e e v e nt s fav our
ab l e t o h is c a u se o c c u rre d. I n N o v e m b e r 1 77 8 , M Ad h av Rao
P e sh wa die d o f c o ns u m pt io n
. at the e a rl
y ag e o f t we n t y e ight -

y e a rs . H is so n a n d s u c c e sso r N et raya n Rao , was m u rde re d, it

is R ag h u n at h R ae i n st i g a t i o n A s h e le ft
’
sa i d, a t h is u n c le s .

no c h i ld, R ag h u n at h R it e , wh o m G o v i n d Rao Gde k wéd had

s u c c e e de d P e sh wa and
’
a ssi st e d i n h i s fa t h e r s li fe t i m e , -
as ,

ac k no wle dg e d t h e c la i m o fGo v i n d Rao I n A pr i l 1 779 , h o we ve r

. ,

was b o rn t o t h e l a t e N araya n R ae s wido w

’
o s t h u m o u s c h i ld
a
p ,

a nd t he m a j o ri t y o f t h e m i n i s t e rs su ppo r t e d h is c a u se . R agh u
n at h Ret o h ad t h e re fo re t o fl e e fro m F u nd, a n d a rri ve d o n t he

3 rd o f J a n u ar
y 1 7 7 5 wi t h a sm a ll a rm
y at Ba ro da . T h e t wo
G ae k wad b ro t h e rs Fa t e h si n g h an d G o v i n d Rao we re no w in
c o n fl ic t , an d t he la t t e r h a d b e s i e g e d Baro da i n j
c o n u n c t i on

wi t h h is u n c le K h a n de R ao G ae k wad t h e J ag i rdar of K adi .

S i n dh ia . a nd t h e m i n i st e rs at P u na h a v i ng
. e s po u se d Fa t e h
s i n g h s c a u se , R a g h u n at h R ao l d h l h
’
ap
p i e t o t e E n
g i s fo r h e l p,
an d o n t he 6th o f M a rc h 1 7 75 a t re a t y was c o n c l u de d a t S u rat ,

b y wh i c h t h e B o m b ay G o v e r n m e n t a
g re e d to assi s t h im o n c on

di t i o n of h i s g ra n t i n g t h e m Basse i n an d S a lse t t e . T h e se t wo

l t h E n l i sh h a d lo n g de s i re d t o o b t a i n i n o rde r t m
p a c e s e g o c o

l t t h i r po sse ss i o n o f Bo m b a R a h u n at h R6 0 fu rt h er
p e e e y g .

ag re e d t o c e de J a m b u sar O lpad a n d t h e di s t ri c t s ro u n d S u rat ,

,

and pro m i se d t o i n du c e G o v i n d R ao G ae k wad t o r e li n

q u ish h is
sh a re i n t he re v e n u e s o f S u ra t an d B re ac h . T he Bo m b ay Go
v e rn m e n t e n g ag e d o n t h e i r pa rt t o ass i st h i m wi t h a fo rc e of

t wo t h o u san d fi h u n dre d m e n , fo r wh o se pay m e n t a su m o f o ne

ve

h u n d re d a n d fi ft y t h o u sa n d r u pe e s m o n t h ly was pro m i se d T h e .

d is t ri c t s of A m o d Han s e l , B a lsar
, and a
part of A n k le s war we re
t e m po rari ly m ade o v e r a s se c u r i t
y fo r t h e paym e n t , an d
j w
e e ls
’

T h e se we re du ly ret u rn e d t o Ragh u n at h R ao s son 8 631 Rtio on

his i nst all at ion m A D. 1 8 03 .

 2 03 C AM PAI GN m G ru nt s .

wort h six lacs of ru pe e s were also de posi t e d wi t h t h e Co m pany .

B e fo re t h e c on c l u si o n o f t h is t re at y, a d e t ac h m e n t u n de r

C o l o n e l K e at i n g e sai le d fro m Bo m b ay at t he e nd of Fe b ru ary

1 775 , b u t b e fo re i t s de part u re , t h e Pe sh was
’
ar m y, ac c o m n ie d
pa

by so m e t ro o ps b e lo n g i n g t o H o lk a r an d S in dhi a n u m b e ri n g i n
a l l so m e t h i rt y t h o u sa n d m e n , h ad e n t e re d G uj a rat and c om

pe lle d R ag h u nat h R ao an d G o v i n d R ao t o i
ra s e the si e g e of

Ba ro da ,
a n d re t re a t b e yo n d t h e M a h i . T he c om b i ne d ar m i e s

of t he Pe sh wa a n d t h e Gae k wtid h a v i ng fo llo we d t h e m , t h i t h e r,

a t t ac k e d a n d c o m l t l ro u t e d t h e m o n t h e l a i n s o f A dds o n
p e e y p
t he 1 7 t h o f Fe b r u a ry 1 775 R a g h u n at h R at e fl e d wi t h ab ou t
.

one t h o u sa nd h m se t o C a m b ay, b u t t h e N awab b e i n g a frai d to

slre l t e r, h e a ppl ie d t o t h e C o m pa n y A g e n t M r C h arle s
’

g i ve h im s .

M a le t , wh o , al t h o u g h n o t e fi c i a lly a ware of t h e t re at y b e t we e n

R ag lru né t h R 60 and t h e Bo m b ay G o v e rn m e n t , assi st e d in c on

v e yi n g h i m t o Bh awn ag ar T h e n c e h e e m b ark e d fo r S u rat , wh e re

.

C o lo n e l K e a t i ng e de t ac h m e n t a rri v e d fo u r days l at e r 2 7t h
’

s on

of Fe b ru ary 1 77 5 . G o v i n d E ri e an d K h an de R ee Gri e k wads,

wi t h t h e de fe a t e d a rm r e t re a t e d t o K apad va nj, an d t h e nc e t o
y ,

Pala n pu r I n t h e . m e an t i m e Fat e h si n g h re du c e d K h a n de E ri c
’
s,

p o sse ss io n s i n a n d a b o u t N adiad t o c om
pl e t e j
su b e c t i o n .

C o lo n e l K e a t i n g e wi t h h is t ro o ps no w e m b ark e d fo r C am b ay
t a k ing wi t h h i m h i s a l ly R ag h u nat h R60, an d l an de d i n t h at
t o wn on t h e 1 7t h o f M a rc h . H e re h e re c e i v e d re i n fo rc e m e n t s

fro m M a drrt s, a ft e r wh ic h t h e e n t i re b o dy o f ab o u t t wo t h o u san d

fi v e h u ndre d m e n fo r m e d a j u n c t io n at the v i llag e of D h arm aj

R aglru né t h Rti o w
’
wi t h t h e re m a i n de r o f s ar m
y n u m b e rin
g t e n t y
t h o u sa n d . T he c om b i n e d fo rc e s a rr i v e d a t M At a r n e ar K ai ra
on t h e 3 rd of M ay a ft e r t wo sk i r m i sh e s wi t h t h e e n e m y, o n e o n

2 8 th o f A pri l a n d t he o t h e r at the v i lla

g e o f
A sé m l i t h re e days
la t e r . O rde rs we re n o w re c e i v e d fro m Bo m b a
y t o i n du c e Ra
h at h R60 t o t u rn t o wards Bo m b a and P u na t he rai ns
g u n y . as
[Fai r 3 . su b .

we re approac h i n g H e n c et h e y we n t t o N adia
. d, a to wb n e l ong n i g
t o K h an de R ao G ee k wéal , wh o h ad de ser t e d R ag h u n at h Bee
’
s

c au se a ft e r h i s de fe a t at A dds I n . o rd re t o pu n i sh h i s de fe c t io n

Rag h u nat h Rao le v i e d a c o n t ri b u t i o n o f s i x t y t h o u san d ru pe es

fro m t h i s u n fo r t u n a t e t o wn . To re al iz e t h is am o u n t h o u se s we re
st ri ppe d o f e v e ry t h i ng , and t h e ir o wn e rs o f t h e ir v e ry c l o t h e s .

So m e al so we re t o rt u re d o n t h e s u spi c i o n t h at t h e y h ad c o n c e aled

v al u a b l e s. T h e Bh é t s an d Brah m an s h ad h i t h e r t o j
e n o ye d

i m m u n i t y fro m s u c h e x ac t i o n s, b u t R ag h u nat h R ee , t h o u g h h i m
se l f a h ig h c ast e Brah m an , so u g h t t o su b j e c t t h e m a lso t o a

c o n t rib u t i o n . A c c o rdi n g ly t h ey de t e rm i ne d i n t h i s ex t re m i t y

to re so rt t o T ré.g a, t h e u s u al e x
pe di e n t e m l
p yo e d b y t h e fo rm e r
c l ass to sec u re i m m u n i t y fro m pp
o re si v e b u rde ns . A n i n t er
e st i n g ac c o u n t o f t h is h o rri b le prac t i c e o f se l f- i m m o l a t i on h as
b e e n g i v e n b y M r Jam e s Fo rb e s i n h i s O ri e nt a l M e m oi rs
.

Fro m t h is ac c o u n t i t a ppe ars t h a t o n e o f t h e Bh é t s, m o re c o o l

a nd de li b e rat e t h a n t h e re st , e v e n t o o k h i s t wo yo u ng e r b ro t h e rs

an d s ist e r, e ac h u n de r e ig h t e e n rs o f a e , t o R agh u n at h Rao

’

y e a g s

Darb Ar pre m i se s ,
an d t h e re s t ab b e d t h e m t o t h e h e art wi t h t h e
j
ob e c t o f b ri ng i n g D i v i ne displ e asu re on t h e t yran t wh o se c on

d u c t h ad c o m pe lle d h i m t o re so r t to su c h a de e d . A part ic ul ar
se c t o f Brah m a n s wi t h t h e ,
sam e j
ob e c t ,
pu rc h ase d t wo o l d

B rah m an m at ro n s fro m t h e i r h e art l e ss dau g t e rs, e ac h fo r fo rt y

"
r u pe e s , a nd k i lle d t h e m i n t h e c e n t re o f t h e m ark e t . A ll t h is,
h owe v e r, pro du c e d n o e ffe c t o n t he re l e n t l e ss
pro t e c t or o f c o ws

an d Brah m an s as the Pe sh was we re t h e n we n t to b e c al le d.

T he ar m y n o w m arc h e d t o wa rds N apad, an d o n t h e 1 8 t h of

M ay , aft e r le a v i ng t h at t o wn , an e n a e m e n t
g g t oo k pla c e wi t h t he
e n e m y near A dé spvlri c h re su l t e d i n a v ic t o ry fo r C ol o n e l K e at i ngs,

T h is su m was n ot t ake n as a sell i ng - ri c e ,

p b ut o nly t o de fray t h e ex
pos se t h at would b e i nc u rred i n t h e perform ance of funeral rite s.
 2 06

C H A P rE R I I I .

D e fe at of t he M a rat h a fl e e t b y C o m m odo re M o o r ,
I reat y b e t ween
'

Fat e h s i ng h , l ag l u rn zi t h [ t ri o and t h e Bri t i sh . De fe at of t h e E n g li s h

at T i -n r
a le g t n e ar Pu n a Dab h o i b y t h e E ngl i sh
,
C apt u re of

( ) ti e n s rv e a n d de fe ns i v e t re at y b e t we e n Fat e h s i u g h a nd
'

t he Bri t i s h ( l o v u n rn e n t C apt u re o f A h m adab dd

'

on b e h a lf of t h e G de k wdd b y G e n e ral G o dda rd .

Bi rt h o f S e hjan au d S wam i ; h is b e n e fi c i al
i n fl ue n c e as a r e l ig i o u s t e ac h e r ,

F R O M 1 77 5 t o 1 7 8 0 A . D .

S i rr u l t a u c o u s i v wi t h
r t he c am i
p g
a n a
g ain s t t he m i n i s t e ri a l

pa rt y i n G u ja rat t h e i r fl e e t wa s
,
a ls o e ng a
g e d on t he se a by
C o m m o do re J o h n M o o r ,
an d t h e i r larg e s t sh i
p,t h e S h am sh e r
J a ng was b lo wn u
p i n ac t io n .

C o lo n e l K e a t i n g e pre po se d t o t h e Bo m b ay G ov e rn m e n t t o
he a llo we d t o re d u c e Ba ro da a s s o o n a s t h e m o n so o n wa s o v e r,

and
p pre a ra t i o n s we re m a de t o su l
pp y h i m wi t h addi t i o n al t ro o ps
an d am m u n i t io n .

Fa t e h si u g h G ri e k wdd, wi t h wh o m c om m u n i c at i o ns h ad i n
the m e an t i m e b een o e ne d
p b y C o lo n e l K e a t in g e , ne w e a rn est ly
de si re d t o c o n c l u de a t re at y , an d C o lo n e l K e at i n ge , b e i ng of

o pi n i o n t hat i t wo u ld b e m o re a d v an t a
g e o u s to a l l c o n c e rn e d to

a c c e de t o h is t e rm s, pe rsu a de d R ag h u n at h B ri o t o g a re e . At
l e ng t h a t re a t y wa s dra wn u
p on t he 8 t h o f J u ly 1 77 5 , i n wh i c h

F at e h si n g h G ee k wad b o u n d h i m se lf t o pay R ag h u n at h R ate an

an n u a l t ri b u t e o f e igh t l ac s o f ru e e s an d
p to se r v e h i m wi t h
t h re e t h o u san d h o rse . T h e G ae k wad c o n fe rre d o n t h e E ast I n dia

C om h is h a re of t he re v e n u e s of Bre ac h , a nd t d
pan y s
g ran e

them in r e t u it
y the re v e n u e s of C h ik h l i V ari é v and
p p
e ,

t he e s t i m at e d v al u e o f t h re e l ac s of wh ile
°

K e ral, of ru
pe e s,

K h an de R ee G de k wdd s po sse ssi o n s we re c o n t i n u e d t o h i m

’
.

T h e su m o f t h re e lac s o f ru pe e s an n u ally paid t o G ovi nd R i o

 2 07 T REATY W ITH m s
GA ’ ’
RK W A D .

si n c e t he t im e of h is fa t h e r D am ay , was di sc o n t i n u e d, b u t in
l ie u i t R aglru n é t h R ee u n de r t o o k t o g ran t h i m as so o n as
of

i b l a J ag i r i n t h e D e c c a n wo r t h t e n la c s o f r u pe e s I n ad
poss e .

di t io n t o t h e se t e rm s Fa t e h s i n g h b o u n d h i m se lf t o pay R ag h u
n at h R aO t h e s u m o f t we n t y s i x lac s o f r u e e s o f wh ic h t en
p
-
,

l ac s we re a d van c e d b e fo re t h e 3 0t h of A u g u st u n de r
p re ss u re

fro m C o lo n e l K e a t i n g e . I t is n o t c e rt a i n wh e t h e r t h e re m a n i
de r was e ve r p d
ai .

T h u s t h ro u g h t h e i n t e r v e n t i o n of t h e E a s t I n di a C o m pa n y
m a t t e rs we re a m i c a b l v se t t le d b e t we e n R ag lrrrrré t h R ao an d
Fa t e h s i u g h , t h ou gh not wi t h o u t l o ss of l i fe on b o th si de s,
e s pe c i a l ly a t A das wh e re i n
,
a n a rro w pa ssa
g e the E n g l i s h we re
at o ne t im e h e m m ed in . T h e ir se rv i c e s we re h o we v e r we l l
, ,
a
p
p re c i a t e d, a n d in ad d i t io n t o wh a t wa s a ss i
g ne d t h e m b y Fa t e h
si n
g R ag h u n at h R ee pre se n t e d t h e m wi t h t h e P a rg a nas o f
h ,

H a n s o t a n d A m o d o f t h e t h e n e s t i m a t e d v al u e o f t wo lac s a n d
se v e n t y se v e n t h o u sa n d T he t o tal re v e n u e of t h e ter
ru
p e es.
-

r i t o ry ac
q u i re d b y t h e E n g l i s h i n t h is wa r h as b e e n re c k o n e d

at t we n t y fo u r la c s
-
an d fi ft e e n t h o u sa n d ru
p ees .

T h e pro c e e d i n g s o f t h e Bo m b a v G o v e rn m e n t we re , ll O W C V Gl ’

d o f b y t h e G o v e rn o r G e n e ra l s C o u n c i l
’
disa p p ro v e -
at C a lc u t t a ,
an d a ft e r m uc h di s c u ss io n a se c o n d t re a t y wa s c o n c l u de d at

l ’
u ra u d h a r in A . D 1 77 6
. t h ro u g h C o lo ne l U pt o n t he re
p te

se n t a t i v e o f the C a lc u t t a G o v e rn m e n t b y wh ic h t h e , o n e e n t e re d

i nt o wi t h R ag h u n d t h R ao wh o m t h e S u pre m e G o v e rn m e n t,

h e ld t o b e i m plic a t e d i n t h e m u rde r o f h i s n e ph e w N drdv a u

Bri o P e sh wa was ,
an n u l le d . By t h i s ne w t re a t v a l l c la i m s o n t he

p art o f t he P e s h wa t o t h e re v e n u e o f Bre ac h an d i ts n e ig h b o u r

h o o d, a m o u n t i ng to ab o u t t h re e l a c s o f ru
p e e s, we re a b a n do n e d
i n fa vo u r of t h e E ng l is h , wh o we re a lso to be re i m b u rse d i n t h e

su m o f r u pe es t we l ve l ac s fo r t h e ex pe n se s o f the wa r . I t was
st ipu lat e d t h at t h e t e rri t o rie s c e de d b y Fat e hsi ng h sh o u ld be
'
[ P AR T 4 . C HAP . 3 .
] 2 08

re s t o re d t o h im , i f i t c o u ld b e pro v e d t h at h e h ad n o au t h o ri ty t o
a l ie n a t e t he m T he
. a rm
y o f R ag h u n at h B i
r o w as t o b e di sb an de d

wi t h i n a m o n t h, and t h at C h i e f was t o re si de a t K o pe rg do n on

t h e G o dav a ri i
r ve r as a i nal m o n t h ly al
pe n s o n e r o n a
perso

l o wa n c e of t we n t y- fi ve t h o u sa n d ru e fro m t h e P e sh was Go ’

p e s

v e rn m e n t , wh i le i n a ddi t io n an e s t a b li s h m e n t o f o n e h u n dre d
h o rs e an d t wo h u n dre d do m e s t ic s was t o b e a l lo we d h i m .

T h e Bo m b a y G o v e r n m e n t we re
b i t t e rly di sappo i n t e d o n
h e a ri n g o f t h i s t re a t y a n d t h e y a t t ri b u t e d t h e c o n de m n a t i o n o f
,

t h e i r pro c e e d i ng s t o a je a lo u s a ssu m pt i o n o f a u t h o ri t t h
y o n e

p art o f t h e C a lc u t t a G o v e rn m e n t . R ag h u nat h Rao a l so ex

p re sse d a de t e r m i n a t i o n t o c a rr
y on t he war h i m se l f ra t h e r t h an
su b m it to suc h h u m i li a t i n g c o n di t i o n s . He se n t re ne we d

o v e r t u re s t o t h e C a lc u t t a G o v e r n m e n t , o ffe ri n g g re a t e r c o nc es

sio ns t h a n h e h ad a
g re e d to S u ra t , pro m i s i ng e v e n a t e n t h
at

p a rt of the re v e n u e de ri v e d fro m t h e wh o le o f t h e M arat ha

t e rri t o ry , b u t t h e C a lc u t t a C o u n c i l wo u ld n o t ac c e
pt h i s t e rm s .

R ag h u n at h u se t h e n a
ppe a le d to the C o u rt of D i rec t o rs , and

e v e n se n t a B rah m a n nam e d H a n u m an t Ree an d a Pers i n am e d

M am ar a s ag e n t s t o E n g la n d, an d fi x e d h is o wn r es i de nc e at

S u ra t ,
k e e pi n g h i s a rm
y m e an wh i le i n t he n e i g h b o u rh oo d .

H o we v e r b e fo re ,
re c e i pt o f t h is a ppe a l or e ve n o fth e i n t e l lig e n c e
of the c o n c l u s io n o f the ne w t re a t v t he C o u rt of D irec t o rs h ad
se n t a de s pa t c h , re c e v e i d i n Bo m b ay i n A u g u st 1 776 , appro v i ng
o ft h e S u ra t t re a t v . T h i s g re a t l v e nc o u rag e d t h e Bo m b ay C o u n c i l ,

al t h o u gh it re c o
g n ise d t h at e v e n t u a l ly t he S u pre m e Go v e rn m e nt
wo u ld b e o rt e d in fa i r o f s u c h
a n af ra v i t
su pp g y .

W h i le m a t t e rs we re i n t h is u n sa t is fa c t o ry st a t e , war b ro k e
out b etw e e n E n
g l a n d a n d F ra n c e T h e P e s h wa , e v e r j e a lo u s
.

o f t h e ri se o f t h e E n
g l i s h e a
g e r ly g ra s
pe d t,
h e o
pp o r t u n i t y o f
e n t e ri n g i n t o a n a l l i a rro e wi t h t h e Fre n c h , a n d t h e lat t er
ag re e d t h ro u g h dve n t u re r, na m e d S t ”Lu b i n , t o su l t h
an a .
pp y e
[ P ART 4 . onu . 3 .
] 2 10

E ng l i s h a t al l t h e ir se t t le m e n t s . A c c o rdi ngl y t h e E ngl i sh Ge ne

w war b y assa i li ng t h e P e sh was
’
ral de t e rm i n e d t o re n e t he

p o sse ss i o n s i n G uj arat , an d wi t h t h i s j
ob e c t an a lli a n c e wi t h
Fat e h si n g h Gae k wad was c o n c l u de d. O n t h e l st of J an u ary
1 78 0 t h e G e n e ral m o v e d h is a rm fro m S u ra t , wh i le a de t a c h
y
m e nt un de r M r . Bo dda m ,
a m e m b e r o f C o u n c i l, t o o k t h e P e

was di s t r ic t s i n t h e n e ig h b o u r h o o d o f t h at c i ty T h e b a t t e ry
'

sh .

fro m B ro a c h h a v i n g j oi ne d h i m G e n e ra l G o ddard
,
a p e ar e d
p be
fo re D ab h o i on t h e 18 t h of J a n u ary 1 78 0 . T h e g arriso n o pene d

fi re , b ut se e re t l v a b a n d on e d t h e fo rt du r in g t h e ni
g h t of t he

1 9 t h, an d Mr . J a m e s Fo r b e s , s u b s e q u e n t ly we l l k n o wn as t he
au th or of t he O ri e n t a l M e m o i rs was le ft i n ,
c h arg e . On the
2 6t h o f t h e sa m e m on th , Fa t e h si n g h m e t t h e G e n e ra l, a n d s ig n e d

t he fe n si ve a n d
of de fe n si v e t rea t y pro po se d t o h i m . It p st i u

lat e d t h a t t h e P e sh was dis t ri c t s n o r t h o f t h e M a h i sh o u ld b e

’

g i v e n t o t h e G ae k wad, an d t h at i n c o n s i de ra t i o n fo r t h i s t he

l a t t e r sh o u l d c e de t o t h e E n g l i s h h is sh a re o f the c ity o f B ro ac h ,

t h e S u ra t A t h av i s i so u t h o f t he T a pt i a l so Si n o r a nd h is
'

, as

v i l l ag e s i n t h e B ro ac h di st ri c t . T h e Gae k wad fu r t h e r a
g re e d to
as si s t t h e G e n e ra l wi t h a b o dy o f t h re e t h o u san d h o rse . G e n e ral
G o ddard no w m a rc h e d on A h m adab ad, a n d a rri v e d b e fo re i t on

t h e 1 0t h of Fe b ru a ry 1 78 0 . T h e plac e wa s fo u n d t o b e st ron g ly

g a r ri so n e d b y a b o u t si x t h o u sa n dA ra b s an d t wo t h o u san d c av alry .

T h e Pe sh wa S u b a wh o was i n c h ar f t he was
’
s , g e o c i t y, su m

m o ne d t o s u rre n de r, b ut on h is se n di n g a n e va si v e r e l an d o n
p y,
t h e fo llo wi n g day fi ri n g u po n so m e o f t he m en of G e n e ral G o d
dard s fo rc e , t h e l a t t e r ne d a b a t t e ry, an d su c c e e de d i n
’
o
pe ef

fe c t i n g a b re ac h a t t he so u t h -
we s t c o rn e r o f t he s t ro n
g wall n e ar

the K h an J a b ri n g a t e . No fe r o f su
of b m i ssi o n h a v i ng b e e n
t e n de re d, a s t o rm i n g p ar t v wa s fo r m e d un de r t h e c om m an d o f
C o l o n e l Hart le y wh o ,
a d v a n c e d t o t h e b re ac h on t h e m o rn i ng of

t h e 1 3t h T h e g arriso n
. of
fe re d a st u b b o rn re si s t an c e , an d did
no t yi e ld u nt i l t h re e h u n dre d of t h eir n u m b er h ad falle n .
 211 C APT URE or

T h e G e ne ral no w e n t e re d ,
an d fo u n d t h a t t h e S u b é . a nd

h is par t y h ad fi e d b y t h e K h an pu r g a t e T h e i nh ab i t an t s .

we re appre h e n si v e t h at t h e c i t y wo u ld b e g i v e n u p t o plu n de r,
an d, a c c o rdi n g to o n e ac c o u n t , ade pu t a t i o n h e ade d b y N a t h u
S ha N ag a r S h e t h ,
M u h am m a d sal e K az i a nd M i rz a A m u t h e
Bads h ah i D i wan wa i t e d , on t h e G en e ral, wh o i ss u e d a
pro c l am a

t io n t o t h e pe o pl e , de sisi ng t h e m t o re m a i n a t e ac e
p an d fo l l o w
t he ir u su a l o c c u T h ro c l a m a t i o n i s da t e d 5 t h Safar
at io ns
p e p .

A H 1 1 9 4 ( 1 3 t h o f Fe b r u ary
. . T h e E n g l i sh l o ss i n k i lle d
and wo u n de d i n t h e st o rm i ng of the c it
y is re po r t e d to h av e
b e e n o n e h u n dre d a n d s ix “ .

A ft e r l e a v i n g de t ac h m e n t o f B ri t ish t roo ps to rri so n

a g a

t h e plac e , t h e c i t v was m ade o ve r to Fa t e h sin g h Gae k wad ac

c o rdi n
g t o a
g re e m e n t , a n d t h e l at t e r assi n e d
g t o t h e Bri t ish h i s
sh are i n t h e d is t r i c t s so u th of t h e T apt i .

T h e ye a r 1 7 8 0 i s n o t e wo rt h y fo r t h e b i rt h o f t h e re lig i o u s
re fo r m e r S a h a ana n d S wam i wh o se fo l lo we rs i n G u aré t
j , j n o w
nu m b e r fu l ly t wo h u n dre d t h o u sa n d By h i s i n fl u e n c e as a re
.

l ig i o u s t e ac h e r t h e S wam i was h e lpfu l i n re du c i n g t o o rde r t h e

K at h i s a nd o t h e r t u rb u le n t t ri b e s . A t ra n sla t io n of h i s S h i k sh a
P a t ri (t h e E pis t le I n st r u c t i o n s) b y t h e la t e Rao Seli e b B h o g iléd
P ran va lab h das , ( t he fi rst a n d o ne of t h e m ost p p
o u l a r He a d
M as t e rs o f t h e Go v e rn m e n t E n g l ish Sc h o o l, aft e rwards S u pe ri n
t e n de n t o f S c h o o ls i n K at h i awé m a nd e ve n t u a l ly D i re c t o r o f
,

Ve rn ac u la r I n s t ru c t i o n at Baro da ), wil l b e fo u n d as A ppe n dix E

t o M r Brig g s C i t i e s o f G ujardsh t ra
’
. .

T h a t part of t he c it y wall wh e re t h e ass au l t t o o k plac e , i s st ill

pi t t e d w i t h s h o t .

T h e re is a t o m b i n t h e P ro t e st an t C e m et e ry n e ar .
t he K h an J ahfi n
g t e,
a t h e i n sc ri pt io n on wh ic h ru n s t hus

E re c t e d b y o rde r o f G e ne ral G o ddard t o t h e m em o ry ofc apt ai n

T h o m as C o ug h , wh o die d o f t h e wou n ds rec e ived i n t h e assault o f
A h m adab ad on t h e l at h of Feb ruary 1 700 .
 2 12

C u lt u re IV ,

A rri v al of S i n dh i i an d Ho lk ar b e fo re Baro da T h e i r re t re at an d o v er
.

S i n dh i d s de fe at s i n G ujarat Fo rt s o f P am e ra an d Ba gwada
’
t u re s . .

t ak e n b y t h e Bri t i sh E v e n t s i n t h e De c c an an d o t h e r part s T re at y
.
,

o f Sa lb ai S al se t t e g i v e n t o t h e E n gl i sh an d Bro ac h t o
.

S i n dh i a Afi ai rs at C am b ay
’

Fat eh si n gh de at h
’
. s . .

F ao u 1 78 0 t o 1 78 9 A . D .

Soon aft e r t h e t a k i ng A h m adab ad b y G e n e ral G o ddard

of ,

i nfo rm at i o n was re c e i v e d o f t h e a ppro a c h o f M al i ndaji S i n dh ia

a nd T u k Aji H o l k ar wh o wi t h fi ft e e n t h o u san d h o rse ,
, ,
c rosse d

t h e N a rb a dao n t h e 2 ot h o f F e b r u a ry 1 78 0a n d proc e e de d t o wards

Baro da i n t h e, v i c i nit
y of wh i c h t h ey h al t e d . H o we ve r , on

G e n e ral Go ddard s m arc h i n g ag a i nst t h at t o wn , t h e y m o v e d i n

’

t h e di re c t i o n o fPavag h ad, t h e n i n t h e po sse ssi o n o f S i n dh ia .

T h e la t t e r re le a se d t wo E u ro pe an o fi c e rs, M r Farm e r
. a nd

Li e u t e na n t S t e wart wh o h ad b e e n g i v e n t o h i m as h o st ag e s at

t h e t i m e o f t h e di sas t ro u s de fe a t o f t h e E ng li sh at W argao n .

He a lso se n t V a k i ls pro fe ssi n g fri e n dsh i p fo r t h e Bri t ish Go

v e ra m e n t , a n d a t t e m pt e d t o i n d u c e t h e G e n e ral t o b e c o m e a

Rao
'

p ar t y to a t re a t y re
q u ir n i g R ag lx u n é t h s re t i re m e n t to

J h ansi as a pe n si o n e r . G e n e ra l G o ddard j
re e c t e d t h e se n eg o

t i a t i o n s, a nd Si ndh iat h e n t ri e d t o fo r m an a ll ia nc e wi t h G o v i nd
Bri o Gae k wad . T h e re u po n , t h e G e n e ra l de t e rm i n e d t o e n g ag e

h im in a c t io n, a n d o n t he 3 rd of A pril , a n d ag a i n o n t he 1 9 t h,
s u rpri se d an d ro u t e d S i nd h ias a rm y
'
. On t h e 8 t h of M ay a

por t i o n o f t h e E ng li sh t ro o ps le ft fo r t h e K on k an , t h e i r se rvi c es

b e i ng u rg e n t ly re
q u i re d t h e re , b u t G e n e ra l G o ddard wi t h t h e
re m ai n de r o f h i s arm y s t aye d o n i n G uj a rat , b e i ng un wi ll ing
t h at h is a ll
y Fa t e h si n
g h sh o u ld b e plac e d at t h e m e rc y o f t h e

e ne m y . U n de r u rge n t o rde rs fro m t h e Bo m b ay Go v e rn m e n t , a

se c o n d de t ac h m e n t was se n t to e n g ag e a M arat ha o mc e r n am ed

Gane sh pant h , wh o, q ui t t i ng t h e K onk an, h ad pl un de re d t h e

[P A RT 4 . c usp . 2 14

G o ddard m a rc h e d t o a ssis t C o l o n e l H ar t l e y . T h e wh o l e Bri t ish

fo rc e was t h u s u nited . A ffa i rs i n t h e De c c a n , h o we v e r, t o o k at

t h is t i m e a SG I IO U S
‘

t u rn , a ll t he M a rat lnas, ex ce
pt t h e G ae k wstd
Fa t e h s i n g h to wh o m t he E n g l i sh h ad r e n de re d su c h g re at
ass i s t a n c e , h av in g d t h e m se l v e s wi t h t h e N i z a na o f B ydar
a l lie
’

Ab st d and H a i da r “
A h o f M yso re a g a i n s t t h e E n g l i s h O n Hai .

dar s g a i n i n g so m e s u c c e sse s, t h e G o v e rn m e n t o f I n d i a s t r o v e t o
’

a l i e n a t e t h e M a rat has fro ni t h e c o n fe de ra c v , a n d t h e G o ve rnor

G e n e ra l a c c o rdi n g ly o pe n e d n e g o t i a t i o n s t h ro u g h S i n d h ia wi t h
t he P e s h wa b u t t h e la t t e r wh o wa s wa i t i n g
, ,
to se e wh a t t u rn

e ve n t s m i g h t t a k e , de c li n e d t o li s t e n to an
y o v e r t u re s u n less

H a i da r A l ly b e c a m e a rt
p y
a to it .

U n de r t h e se c i rc u m st an c e s G e n e ral Go ddard c o n si de re d t h at

a n ad v a n c e m o ve m e n t so a s t o t h re a t e n F u n d was m o re lik e ly
t o fa c i li t a t e ne
g o t i at i o ns wi t h t h e P e sh wa t h an o pe ra t i o n s ro u nd
ab o u t Ba ss e i n and in t h e K o n k a n t h e fo rt s i n wh i c h we re we ll
,

n ig h i m pre g n a b le H e . a c c o rdi n g ly m ade a ra sh de m o n s t ra t i on of

m o v i ng on P u n a b u t wa s
,
m et by a l a rg e a rm y u n de r H ari pan t h
Fadk e H o l k ar a n d o t h e r c h i e fs
, ,
a nd h ad t o re t i re wi t h h e a vy loss
t o Pdn we l, wh i c h h e r e ac hed on t h e 2 3 rd o f A pri l 1 78 1 .

T h e Bri t ish a rm s, h o we v e r ,
ob t ai n e d se v e ral su c c e sse s o ve r

H aidar ,
an d t h i s i n d u c e d S i n dh ia i n O c t o b e r 1 78 1 t o m ak e ov er

t u re s fo r pe ac e . A t re a t y o f s e v e ra l a rt i c le s was at le n gt h
c o n c l u de d a t Selb a i n e ar G wé di o r on t he 1 7t h of M ay 1 78 2 b e
t we e n M r. Da v i d A n de rso n wh o m t h e G o v e rn o r G e n e ra l W arre n
,

H ast i n g s h ad de pu t e d t o S i n d h ias c a m p a n d M a h adaji S in dh i6

’

, ,

wh o a c t e d o n b e h a l f o f t h e P e sh wa N dnd Fadn av is an d o t h e r

Ha i da r A 11 , a so l di e r o f fo rt u n e , h ad u s u rpe d M ys o re fro m it s
H i n du R aja, i n wh o s e se rv i c e he was, ab o u t t h e m i ddle of t h e 1 8t h
c e n t u ry A . C . H is s u c c e s so r was t h e at r o c i o u s T i pu S u l t an , wh o fell
on t he 4t h M ay 1 79 9 , wh e n t h e E n gli s h t oo k b y
of st o rm t h e t o wn and

fo rt of Se ri ngapat am .
 2 15 F I RST M
’
ARA T HA .
’
Wa a ’
.

M a rat h a c h i e fs . B v t h a t t re a t y t h e E n g li sh t h o u g h re t ai n i n g

Sa lse t t e , E le ph a n t a K a ra nja H o g I s la n d a n d Bro a c h , g a v e u p

, ,

Basse i n a n d o t h e r t e rrrt o ry a c q u i re d s i n c e t h e t re a t y o f P u ra n
dh a r . R ag h u n at h R ao wa s t o b e g ra n t e d b y the P e sh wa a

pe n s io n o f t we n t y fi -
ve t h o u sa n d r u
pe es
pe r m e n se m , a nd was t o
re s ide wi t h S i n dh ia . T h e po s s e s s i o n s of Fa t e h s i n g h we re to

re m a i n t he s a m e as b e fo re t h e wa r ,
an d no c la i m wa s t o b e m a de
on h i m b y t h e P e sh wa o n a c c o u n t o f a rre ars o f t ri b u t e d u ri n g
t h e pe ri o d o f t h e la t e h o s t i li t i e s H a ida r A l i wa s t o s u r re n de r .

h is con
q u e st s fro m t h e E n g l i s h and t h e ir a l li e s , an d no fa c t o ry
o f an
y E u r
p
o e an n a t io n wa s to b e a l lo we d i n t h e M a rat h a do m i
n io n s, s a v e o n l
y t h o se l
a re a dy e s t a b ris h e d b y t h e P o r t u g u e se i n t h e
M a rat h a t e r r i t o rie s
. . T h u s i t wa s t ha t t he P e s h wa . re g a i n e d

a lo n g wi t h o t h e r ad v a n t a g e s h i s s h a re i n t h e re v e n u e o f G u a ra t . j
T o S i n dh ra t he E n g l i sh a ss ig n e d t he d is t r i c t of B ro a c h i n c o u se

q u e nc e o f h is h u m a n e c o n du c t t o wa rds t h e a rm
y t h a t h ad su r

re n de re d at \
Va rg ao n i n 1 77 9 an d h i s k i n d t re a t m e n t o f h o st a
g es

t h e n l e ft wi t h h i m . T h i s t re a t v wa s ra t i fi ed at C a lc u t t a on the

f J u n e 1 78 2 H a i da r A l i s de a t h b v N an a Fa dn a v i s
’

6t h o ,
a n d ,
a ft e r ,

on b e h a lf o f t h e P e s h wa o n t h e . 2 0t h of D e c e m b e r fo l lo wi n g .

R a g h u n rt t h R ao d i e d sh o r t l v a ft e r the c o n c l u sio n o f the

T hu s e n de d wh a t i s k n o wn as the fi rs t M a rat h a wa r . .

Fa t e h s i n g h G ae k wad t h e re a ft e r l e d i n pe a c e t i ll h is de a t h
ru

bv fa l l fro m t h e s t o re y o f h i s pa l a c e o n t h e 2 1 st o f
a u
pp er

De c e m b e r 1 78 9 .

T he c it y o f S u ra t wa s v si t e d
i in A D . . 1 78 2 b y a se v e re

s t o rm ,
wh i c h de s t ro ye d m any of i ts h o u se s an d o wi n g t o
t h is d t h e r c a u s e s t h e t ra de o f t h i s o n c e o rt s u f
an o pro s e ro u s
p p
fe re d a se r o u s i de c l i n e . T he c i t y h a d h a rd ly r e c o v e re d fro m t h e

l h l t zi o e l de s t s o n Baji li zi o s u c c e e de d as Pe s h wa o n t h e
'

l ag h u n at s

et h of Dec e m b e r 1 79 6 o n t h e de at h of M adh o w R ao K arat s u .

[Paar 4 . ou r . 216

d am a g e c au se d b y t he s t o rm , wh e n t h e fam i ne of 1 79 0 o c c u rred,
a ddi n g e t l t o t h e dis t re ss of the c o u n t ry T he
g r a y . re v e n u es

d u ri n g t h i s pe rio d we re sh a re d b y t h e N awab s, t h e M a rat h as and

t h e E n g l ish i n t h e pro po r t i o n s t h a t h ad b e e n ag re e d u po n .

C a m b ay wa s s t i ll u n de r t h e vi
g o ro u s, t ho u gh so m e wh at

O ppre s s i ve , a dm i n is t ra t i o n of M o m i n K han
’
. R a g h u n at h Rae s

fl ig h t t o C a m b a v i n 1 77 2 h as b e e n a l re a d
y m e n t i o n e d, b ut as

M o m i n K h an was t h e al ly o f Fa t e h S i n gh h e re fu se d to g i ve

sh e l t e r t o R a g h u n at h R it o , wh o was at t h a t t i m e h o st i le t o t he

G ae k wad . A c c o rd i n g ly wh e n t wo ye a rs l a t e r R a g h u n at h Rao
r e t u rn e d to C a rn b a v wi t h an E n g l i sh fo rc e , h e t ri e d t o i n du c e
t h e E n g l is h G e n e ra l t o s t ri p t h e N a wab o f h is t e rr i t o r ie s . Sir
C h a rl e s M a le t t h e Re side n t , s u c c e e de d, h o we v e r, in e fi e c t i ng
'

t h e i r re c o n c i l ia t i o n . M o m i n K h an a l so c c - o e ra t e
p d wi t h t he
ru li n g G ae k wad t o su ppre ss t h e K at h i i n c u rsi o n s i n t o G uj arat,
t h o u gh no t u n t il h e h a d le arn e d t h a t b y sec re t ly e n c o u ra g i n g t he

K at h i s h e h a d b e e n c au sin
g t h e ru i n o f h is o wn s u b e c t sj . A ft er
t he c a pt u re o f A h m a dab ad i n 1 7 8 0, t h e G ae k wad re m i t t e d to

M o m i n K h an t h e P e s h was wh ic h h e b e c am e
’
s h are , to e n t i t led

A h m adab ad,
’
b y G e n e ra l G o dda rd s s u c c e ss a t a nd M om i n K lut n
on h i s pa r t m ade o ver t o t h e E n g l i sh t h e c h arg e o f th e C u st o m
H o u se g a t e a t C a m b a y By t h e t re a t v o f Sé lb a i , h o we v e r, t he
.

P e sh wa re g a i n e d h i s sh are an d t h e c h arg e o f t h e C u st o m Ho use

,

g at e wa s r e s t o re d t o t h e N a wab i n A D 1 78 3 . . .
[ P u rr 4 . ou r . 2 18

Gdak wéd s t e rri t o ry as b e ing

'
c o n t rary t o t h e t reat y of Sé l b ai , and

t h u s m an ag e d to sav e t h at st a t e , wh o se frie n d an d p ro t e c t o r

t h ey h a d b e e n si n c e t h e ir fi rs t c o n n e x io n wi t h Fa t e h si n g h , fro m
ru i n o u s loss an d de st ru c t i o n G o v i nd R ao a c c ord i n l l ft
.
g y e

Fu nd t o assu m e t he re g e nc y o n t he 1 9 th of D e c e m b e r 1 793 .

T h e pe ri o d s u b se
q ue nt t o t h e t re a t y of Salh a i was o ne of

c o n st a n t wa rs whic h t h e E ng li sh fo u n d t h e m se l ve s c o m pe l le d to

u n de r t a k e ag a i nst Si n dh ia H o lk ar Ha i da r
, ,
an d h is so n T ipu .

I t was m ark e d b y re ve rse s a s we l l a s su c c e sse s, in wh i c h t he

e fi ec t ed the
'

E n g li sh displaye d g re a t c o u rag e a n d fi n al ly o ve r

t h ro w o f t h e i r e n e m i e s . T h e P i n daris, wh o , b y t h e i r pl u n de ri ng
e x c u rs io ns a n d re g u l a rly o rg a n ise d ra i ds i n wh i c h t h e y a re sai d

t o h av e b e e n assi s t e d b y S i n dh i a and Ho l k ar, h ad lo n g pro ve d a

t o t h e wh o le of I ndia we re also su re sse d T h e de t a i ls
sc o u rg e , pp .

o f t h e se wars h o we v e r
, , c an sc arc e l
y b e e n t i t le d to re c o rd in a

h i st o ry j
o f G u arat , a n d ac c o rdi ng ly we pass t h e m b y .

G o v i n d Rao , aft e r all t h e pe c u n iary sac rifi c e s h e h ad m ade

i n fa v o u r o f t h e Pe sh wa was s t i ll ,
u n a b le to t ak e u n di s pu t ed

po sse ssi o n o f Baro da) “ H is o wn i lle g i t i m at e son K a n h oji h av ing

o b t ai n e d a i d fro m D h a ra m pu r a n d Bro ac h , t h e la t t e r t h e n u nde r

S i n dh ia, h ad e n t e re d Ba ro da, a n d so u g h t t o se c u re i t fo r h i m se lf.

H e was, h o we v e r ,
t re ac h e ro u sly s u rre n de re d b y h is o wn m e n, and

su b se q u e n t ly h e fl e d t o S a n k h e da a n d Bah at l u rpu r . On t h ese

pl ac e s b e i n
g ra v ag e d, h e wa s j o i n ed by M a lh ar Rdo , so n of

K h an de R ao Gae k wad wh o h as fre q u e n t ly b e e n m e n t i o n e d i n

A n i nt e re st i ng pro ph e c y of a Brah m an , wh o i s sai d t o h av e fo re t old

t h e diffi c u lt i e s G o v i nd R ao wo u ld h av e t o c o nt e n d wit h an d h is e v e n t u al

s u c c e ss, is pu b l i sh e d i n t h e I n di an A n t i q u ary fo r N o ve m b e r 1 8 8 7, Vo l . XVI .

pp 3 1 7 t o 3 2 0 A l l t h e .ro
p p h e c i e s h wi r ng b ee n o
a li s e d, t h e Brah m an
,
Ohi nt e M it hti Dev G o le was g ran t e d i n I nam t h e v il la e
g of A ym é in
t h e N awsé ri Télukd of t h e est im at ed re venue o f fi ve t hou sand rupees
 2 19 G ovm n R a o Gu '
s wa n’
.

t h e fo re g o i ng pag e s, an d t h re e b a t t le s, we re fo ugh t ne a r M al b dr
Ré o
’
s J ag i r t o wn of K adi i n wh ic h G o v i nd Reo
,
'
s m en we re on

e ac h o c c as i o n re u lse d . H arm o ny did n o t , h o we v e r, l o ng pre vai l

p
b e t we e n M allrar Rao an d K an h oji T h e la t t e r e ve n t u ally
.

su b fa t h e r, b y wh o m h e was k e pt i n c o n fi n e m en t
m i t t e d t o h is .

M a lh ar Rao t h e n pu rc h ase d pe ac e i n A D 1 79 4 b y payi ng a . .

fi ne o f fi v e lac s a nd fi ft y t h o usa n d r u pe e s H is a n n u a l P e sh .

k ash ( t rib u t e was, h o we v e r , re du c e d fro m o ne lac an d t we n t y

t h o u sa n d t o o ne l ac an d fi ft e e n t h o u sand r u pe e s .

T h e Gae k wad ne x t at t e m pt e d t o re g a i n fro m t he N a wé b of

C a m b ay t h e si x v i l lag e s t h at h a d b ee n g ran t e d t o t he lat t e r o n

c o n di t i o n o f h is k e e ping t h e K at h i s i n c hec k, wh ic h se rv i c e was
b e i ng pe rfo rm e d i n a v e ry u nsa t i sfac t o ry m a n n e r T h e v i l lag e s .

we re i nde e d re a n ne x e d t o Ba ro da i n A D 1 79 2 , b u t we re lat e r
-
. .

rest o re d a i to Ca m b ay
g a n .

A no t h e r i m po rt a nc e was t he Gae k wad s

'

e ve n t o f
’
ex
pe di t i o n

ag ai ns t A haS lre l u k ar, t h e de pu t y g o v e rn o r o f t h e P e sh was sh are

’
-

o f G uj a rat T h is o ffi c e r ra vag e d t he dist ri c t o f G o n dal i n S am va t

.

1 8 5 0, A D 1 79 4 . . at the i n s t ig a t i o n o f M e h rdm a n K h a was ofN a

wan ag ar . S h e l u k a r was v e ry ra pac i o u s, a nd i m po se d ne w and

h ea vy t ax e s, fro m wh i c h e ve n t he po o re s t c lasse s we re not

e x e m pt e d . U n a b le to wi t n e ss t h e dist re ss c a u se d b y t hi s
b u rde n of t ax a t io n, Lara H a ra k h c h a nd, a ri c h a nd
pa t ri o t i c

b a nk e r of A h m a dab ad, h i m se l f paid a h u n dre d t h o u san d ru

pe e s

wi t h t h e o b j e c t o f re li e v i ng t h e pe o ple fro m t h e addi t i on a l im

i t i S h l k a lso b u i lt ac io u s
“
b u i lding i n t he Bhadar
po s o n e u ar a sp -
.

m o st ly b y fo rc e d lab o u r .

T h is e difi c e k no wn as t h e A dalat , was fo r m any years use d as t he

res ide nc e o f t h e Dis t ri c t J u dge , h is c o u rt - h o u se an d t h o se o f his A ss is t ant
a nd Sub -
j u dg e s wi t h re c o rd-roo m and ot her was pulled
o fi i c es , It
do wn i n 1 8 6 2 , t h e t errac e o ve r t he m ag ni fi ce nt c o u rt hall h aving b een -
[P ART 4 . C HAP . 5 .
] 220

M any are t he st orie s st i ll c u rre n t re g ardi ng his o ppre ssi on,

wh i c h i s k e pt i n m e m o ry b y so n g s su n g b y wo m e n d u ri n g t h e

N a v rat ri h o lidays . It se e m s t h at h e e ve n pl u n de re d a b and of

we a yl t h G o s a i n s
p a ssi n
g t h r o u g h t h e B a ro d a t e rr i t o ry, a n d v e n

k a k w a d H l i ! A h d ab ad A
’

t u re d t o a t t a c t h e G e s av e a t m a c .

c o rdi n g ly G o v i n d Ree Gé e k wé d re po rt e d m a t t e rs t o t h e P e sh wa
S h e l u k a r b e l o n g e d t o N an a Fa dn av is s
’

an d p re pare d fo r war .

p a rt
y, an d t he P e sh wa was t h e re fo re
. no t we ll di spo se d t o wards
h im A c c o rdi n g ly h e g av e
. o rde rs to t h e G ae k wad t o e x pe l

h i m b y fo rc e , a n d fu rt h e r e x pre sse d h is wi lli n g n e ss t o farm

o u t h i s sh ar e t o t h e Gae k wad Beb ay t h e C o m m an de r o f t h e
.
,

G ae k wadi t ro o ps , at onc e m arc h e d ra i

p ydl on A h m adab ad,
d t wo v i c t o ri e s S h e l u k ar b e fo re Bat wa
’
a nd g a i ne o ver s arm y .

T he c api t al was t h e n b e si e g e d an d t a k e n ; S h e l u k ar was m ade

p ri so n e r a n d se n t to Baro da, A . D 1 79 8 9 9
.
-
, wh e n c e h e was
re m o v e d t o Bo rsad, an d, c o nfi n e d i n t h e fo r t for se v e ral
ye ars.

H is u l t i m at e re le ase wa s an ac t of g ra c e on t h e par t of t he

B ri t ish G o v e rn m e n t . Be side s b e i n g t yran n i c al S h e l u k ar was

n o t o ri o u sly pro fi ig a t e . I t i s sai d t h a t wh e n h e e n t e re d A h m adabad
t o t ak e c h arg e ofh i s g o v e rnm e n t , t h e re we re i n h is proc os
s i on c o u r t e san s dan c i n g o n pla t fo rm s b o rn e o n t h e h e ads of

po rt e rs . W hen ne ws of the e ne m y h av ing e n t e re d the c it y

was b ro u g h t h i m wh i l e a N au t c h da n c e -
was proc ee di ng , b e
m ere ly e x c la i m e d N e v e r m i n d, le t t h e m c om e an d re pe at e d

t h e se wo rds e ve n wh e n i n fo r m e d o f t h e arri v al o f the e n e m y at

t h e T h re e G at e s fac i ng t h e Bh adar c i t ade l. R e gardi n g h i s fo lly a

p p
o u la r re frai n r u n s

s mu t cau s a l 3n d;

c an Els i, am
c e fi nd .

Hat h m an da n do , b ag al m an m o i
Ha v e l i l e t an G uj a rat k h o i
”
.

0T h i s M arat h ac i t ade l i s s i t u at e d i n t h e sou t h e rn part o f t h e c i t y,

and was, unt i l l at e ly , u se d as an ars enal b y t h e Bri t i sh Gove rn m ent .
[ P aar4 . c an . 2 22

o f no le ss t h an si x t e e n h o rse m e n t o pro c e e d fro m S u rat t o Bre ac h .

O n h is ws v b ac k h e fo u n d t h e p i o l c e - st a t o n a t
i K h i m h eld b y a

m arau de r c h i e f wh o se de pre da t i o ns t h e au t h o ri t i es we re po we r
le ss t o pre ve n t .

A dist u rb an c e po sse ssi n g so m e wh at of a h u m o u ro u s e le m ent

t o o k pl a c e i n t h e c i t y i n A D 1 7 99
. . . T h e N a wab h a v i ng i m
d t ax ra i n a n d t o b a c c o , t h e pri c e o f t h e se da i ly n e c es
p o se a on g
sa ri e a h ad g re a t ly rise n . A c c o rdi ng ly so m e fo u r or fi ve h u ndred
M u sa l m an i wo m e n of t h e po o re r c lasse s we n t i n a b o dy t o t he
re s i de n c e of the E ng l i s h c h i e f, on wh ose de v o t e d h e ad t hey

p o u re d fo rt h e x e c ra t i o ns an d c u rse s . Whe n gi ve n to u n de rst and

t h at t h e c h ie f h ad n o t h i ng t o do wi t h t h e i m po si t i o n of t h e t ax ,

t h e N awab Bak h sh i P w
'
t h ey assaile d s
( ya m as t e r
) h o h ed
a
ppe
, n

at t h e t i m e t o b e passi ng i n h is pa lan q u i n , a nd de t ai n e d h i m for

so m e t wo h o u rs b y t h e v o l u b le e x pre ssio n o f t h e i r g ri e v anc es .

On t he Bak h sh i re pre se n t i ng t h e i r c ase t o t h e N a wdh, t he

l at ter se n t t h e m o u t t we n t y ru
pe e s, wh ic h t h e y s t ou t ly re fu sed

t o ac c e pt O n t h e fo llo wi ng day t h ey ag a i n i n a b o dy assai led

.

Ba k h sh i wi t h t h e ir c la m o u rs fo r re li e f T h i s s t o ry afi o rds
'

t he .

e vi de n c e o f a disafi wide spre ad

'

su fi i c i e n t e c t ion, an d de e ply fe lt .

Wi t h a v ie w t o t e r m i na t e t h e e x is t i ng m i sru le a nd c onfu

s i o n ,
t h e E n g l i sh t o o k t h e o pp o rt u n i t ,
y p re se n t e d b y t h e de a t h
o f N a w a h N i z a m u d d i n a n-
d h i s i-
n fa n t so n , t o assu m e t h e sole

o v e rn m e n t o f t he c i ty o f S u rat , a nd i ns t ru c t i o n s t o t h a t e fi ec t
'

g
we re se n t b y t h e G o v e rn o r G e n e ral t o M r . J o na t h a n D u nc an,
t he G o v e rn o r of Bo m b ay . T h at e m i n e nt of
fi c er fo rt h wit h

p roc e e de d to S u rat , a nd o pe n e d n e g o t i a t io ns wi t h t h e N awab s ’

b ro t h e r N asir -
u d- di n . T h e la t t e r, a ft e r se ve ral i n t e rvi e ws, was

pe rsu ade d to a
g re e to r e si g n to t he Ho n o u ra b le E as t I ndia
Com p a ny t he e n t i re G o ve rn m e n t of S u ra t on c o ndi t i on o f his

b e i ng al l o we d to re t ai n t h e t i t le of N awab , and assi ned an

g
 223 S uns r A FFAIRS -
.

annu al i o n o f lac o f r u pe es in addi t i on t fi ft h “ of

pe ns o n e o o n e -

t he su rpl u s n e t re v e n u e o f the c i ty .

T h e E ng l ish we re di ng ly pu t i n possessi o n o f t h e t o wns

ac c o r

of S u ra t an d Rande r wi t h t h e i r de pe n de n c ie s a n d g re a t ly t o t h e
,

sat i s fa c t i o n of thei i n h a b i t a n t s, a
p i
ro c l a m a t o n a n n o u n c n i g t he
ass u m
pt i o n o f t h e . so le
g o v e r n m e n t was i ssu e d b y M r Du n c a n . on

t h e 1 5 t h M ay, 1 8 00 T h e arre a rs o f t t h t a m o u n t in g
.
p y
a o e p
ro o s ,

to o ne h u n dre d a n d n i n e t e e n t h o u san d, n i n e h u n dre d a n d se v e n t y

se v e n ru pe e s, we re at o nc e m e t b y t he H o n o u ra b le E ast I n di a
t h e N awab
’
C o m pa n y ,
wh o a lso
g u a ran t e e d t he pa
y m e nt of s

pri va te de b t s , am o u nt i n
g t o si x ty -
se v e n t h o u san d, si x h u ndre d
a nd se v e n t t f t h e pe n sio n du e du ri n g t h e fi rs t
y ru
pe e s, o u o

t we l v e m o n t h s .

T h e fl u c t u at i ng o ne -
fi ft h al l o wan c e was c o m m u t ed i n A l), ,
1 8 18
i nt o fi x e d an nu al m t offi ft y t h o u san d ru pe es I n 1 8 4 2 t h e N a wti b
a p y
a e n .

M ir A f s -u d di n,
-
so n a n d s u c c e sso r o f N a s i r-u d di n, di e d wi t h o u t m ale
-

is s u e . an d t he o ffi c e o f N awti b t h e re b y b e c a m e ex t in c t , b u t a
pe ns i o n of

r u pe es fo rt y -
fo u r h u n dre d a m o nt h was se t t le d on h is so n- i h -l a w Jafar
A li K h an a nd t wo g ran ddau g h t e rs I n t h is ye ar t h e fl e e t was also re - c al led
.

t o Bo m b ay, an d t h e fl ag o f De lh i was re m ov e d fro m t h e C ast le t o we r ,

In 1 8 5 7 t h e an n u al al lo wan c e was rai se d to o ne lac o f ru pee s. wi t h t he

s t ipu lat i o n t h at i t s h o u ld be e n o ye d
j t i ll t h e de at h of t h e l as t s u rv i v o r

o f t he t h z e e g ra nt e e s .
 224

G am m a V I .

T h e deat h of G o v i nd R60 A n and Rao s .

’
su c c essi o n . Di spu t e s b et wee n
K anh oji an d t he M i n i s t e r R avji . Bo t h apply t o t h e Bri t is h fo r
T h e M in i st e r s
‘
appli c at i o n c o m pl i e d wit h M al h ar
'
ass i st anc e .
.

Rao jo i ns K an h oji . Bat t l e of K adi an d s urre n de r o f M al h ér

Bri o A ppo i n t m e nt
. of M ajo r W al k e r as R e si de nt at Baroda .

A t t ac k o n an d s u rre n de r o f San k h e daand Bah adarpu r .

R e v o lt of A rab s an d t h e ir ex p u l si o n . C ed
s io n of

t e rri t o ry t o t h e Bri t i sh ,

F ROM 1 8 00 t o 1 8 02 A. D .

G o v i n d Rao Gtt e k wad di e d i n Se pt e m b e r 1 8 00, a m o n t h .

b e fo re t h e c o n c lu si o n o f t h e ag re e m e n t fo r t h e fa rm in g o u t of
t h e re v e n u e s o f A h m a dab ad O f h is e le ve n so n s t h e e l de st ,
.

A n a nd R ao , was wle dge d b y t h e pri n c ipa l o ffi c e rs as su c

ac k n o

c e sso r . H e was h o we v e r a we a k pri n c e , a n d h is h al f b ro t h er

, ,
-

K a nh oy wh o m h i s fa t h e r h a d pl ac e d i n c o n fi n e m e n t , n o t o nly
,

e fi e c t e d h i s r e le ase b u t b y g a i n i n g h i s b ro t h e r s c o n fi de n ce ,
' ’

, ,

u su r pe d t h e po st of m i ni st e r, an d wi t h i t g ai n e d t h e e n t i re c o n

t ro l of t h e Go ver nm e n t . H o we v e r, i n A D 1 8 01 h e was de
. .

po se d “
b y R ev A paj i , a P a rb h n m i n i s t e r o f t h e l at e G o vi nd
R ao , a n d b o rh pa rt i e s a ppli e d t o t h e Bo m b ay G o v e rn m e n t for
h e l p, o ffe ri n g t h e c e ss i o n o f c o n s ide ra b le t e rri t o ry T h e t e rm s .

p p
ro o se d b y Ravji we re ac c e
pt ed b y t h e t re at y of Ba ro da, dat ed
2 5th J u ly 1 8 02 a n d,
pe n di n
g i n s t ru c t i o n s fro m t h e G o v e rn m e nt
of I n dia , t h e G o v e rn o r of Bo m b a y , M r . J o n a t h a n D u n c an , se nt

a s m a ll fo rc e o f six teen h u n d re d m e n u n de r t he com m and o f

M aj o r A le x an de r W a lk e r t o o ppo se K an h oji wh o se , c au se was
now e s po u s e d b y M a lh ar Rao Gae k wad, t h e J Ag i rdé r o f K adi .

M aj o r W a l k e r s de t a c h m e n t j o i n e d t h e Gae k wédi fo rc e u nde r

’

R aVJi
’
s b ro t h e r sat ay, and m a rc h e d on K adi , wh e re M alb ar
R ao, pre t e n di n g t o n e g o t i a t e m a de a t re ac h e ro u s a t t ac k o n t he
,

1 7t h o f M arc h 1 8 02 He was, h oweve r re pu lsed aft e r some

.

,
(b u rr 4 c i nin .

on t he 4 t h of De c e m b e r 1 8 02 , an d se ri o u s dist urb an c e s were

appre h e n de d . M ajor W al k e r t ri e d t o b ri ng t h e A rab s t o t e rm s
wi t h o u t re so rt i ng t o fo rc e , b u t , h a v i n g fa i l e d i n t h i s, h e ag ai n

o b t ai n e d h e l p fro m Bo m b ay . C o lo ne l W o o di n g t o n i n v e st e d
Baro da on t he 1 8 t h . T he i
s e e c ont nue
g i d fo r t e n days, du ri ng
wh ic h t h e A rab s, u n de r c o v e r o f t he wal ls a nd h o u se s, c a u se d
c o n si de rab l e l o ss t o t h e assa i lan t s, b ut at le n g t h , se e i n g t h at t h e

wal ls wo u ld b e b re ac h e d a nd t h a t fu rt h e r re si s t a n c e wo u ld b e
u n a v ai l i n
g , t h e
y s u rre n de re d, an d ag re e d t o q u it t h e c o u n t ry so

soo n as su c h arre a rs as m i g h t b e fo u n d j u st ly du e we re paid .

T h e se am o u n t e d to se v e n t e e n lac s an d fi ft y t h o u sa n d ru pe e s,

wh ic h su m was du ly h an de d o ve r . A nu m ber of t h e A rab s,

h o we ve r, u n de r J am é ddr A b u d fo rt h wi t h j i
o ne d K an h oji , wh o
h ad fl e d t o Raj pi pla an d was m arc h i n g t h e n c e t o Baro da
. .

M aj o r Ho l m e s (a ft e rwards M ajo r G e n e ra l S i r Ge o rg e H o l m e s, -

K C B. . .
) was se n t i n pu rsu i t of K a n h oji on t h e l et of J a n u ary
1 8 03 . A ft e r a m on th o f u n su c c e ssfu l se arc h , t h e E ng li sh fo rc e ,

on t h e 6t h o f Fe b ru ar
y ,
e n t e re d a rav i n e n e ar the v i l la
g e of

Saval i, wh e re K an h oji h ad se c re t ly t ak e n u p a st ro n g
po s i t ion .

He t h e Bri t ish t ro o ps wi t h de ad ly e fi
'

at o n c e o pe ne d fi re o n ec t .

T h e A rab s al so c h arg e d swo rd i n h an d, an d o ve rpo we re d t he

advan c e g u ard . M aj o r H o l m e s, h o we v e r, dism o u n t e d fro m h is

h o rse , an d plac i ng h i m se l f a t t h e h e ad o f t h e G re n adi e rs, c h arge d
wi t h h is wh o l e fo rc e and s o o n dro v e t h e e n e m y b e fo re h i m .

O n t h is o c c as i o n M aj o r H o l m e s m et i n pe rso na l e n c ou n ter an

A ra b of
g i an t h e i g h t , wh o m h e l a i d de ad at h is fe e t wi t h a

s in
g l e s t ro k e o f h i s s wo rd La t e r K a nh oj i m ade
.
, a n o t h e r st and

at K a pad v a nj wh e re h o we v e r, h i s fo rc e wa s
, , u t t e rl
y d i spe rse d .

H e t h e n fl e d t o Ujj ai n ’
.

I n 1 8 08 K an h o ji s u rre n de re d h i m se lf t o t h e Bri t ish G o v e rnm ent .

He was allo we d h i s l i b e rt y, an d g ran t e d a l i b e ral pe nsi o n , b u t sh o rt ly

aft e rwards, b e i n g a part y t o a c o n s i rac
p y ag ai n st Baroda,” he was
rem oved t o M adras as a St at e priso ne r .
 $21 C rssross w
e ra n Barn es .

Fo r t h e e m i n e n t se rv ic e s t h ey h ad re nde re d, an d fo r t h e
m ai n t e n an c e o f a fo rc e , t h ree t h o u san d st ro n g , fo r t h e prot e c t i on
of t h e Gae k wad s t e rri t o ri es, t h e H o n o u rab le E ast I n di a C o m
’

p an
y re c e i v e d c e ss io n of t he u n de rm en t i o ne d t e rri t o ry and

re v e n u e by the su b si di ar t re at of A D 1 8 02 , c o nc lu de d on
y y . .

t he 6th J u ne an d c o n fi rm e d b y t h e M ah ara a o n t h e 2 9 t h J u ly
, j
o f t h at y e ar .

J ayddd ,

( py
fo r a m e n t o f S u b si dy) .

Parg an a o f D h o l k a
N ad iad
M et ar
M ah u ndh d
Bijapu r
T apa o f K adi
C u st o m s of K h i m K at h o da r

A nn u al o rde rs o n K at h itt wé m .

I nam (p re se n t
) .

P arg ana o f C h o rasi

C h a u t h o f S u ra t
P a rg ana o f C h i k h l i
K i lladAri o f

T o t al
T h e re v e n u e s o f t h e Pe t lad, Baro da, K o ra l, S i n o r an d A h m ad
db rtd Pa rg an as we re pl e dg e d t o t h e H o n o u rab le C o m pan y fo r
r e a m e n t o f t h e a m o u nt ad van c e d t o m e e t t h e arre ars du e t o
p y
t h e A rab m e rc e n ari e s .

0 K h e da (K ai ra ) was m ade t h e h e adq u art ers of t h e dist ri c t n o rt h o f

t h e M ah i i n 1 8 03 , an d soo n b e c am e a pl ac e o f m u c h i m po rt anc e o wi n g t o a

l a rg e b o dy of t ro o ps (i n fan t ry, c av al ry an d art ille ry ) b e in g st at i on ed t h e re

un t il 1 8 30 ,
T h e larg e E n glis h c h u rc h an d t h e ru i ns of b arrac k s, ofi c e ra '

b ungalo ws re , i ndi cat t h e form e r ex t e nt o f t h e original cant onm ent

a q .
 228

Chapt er VII .

T he e v e n t s at Fu n d T h e P e sh wa, de fe at e d b y H ol k ar, t ak e s
. re fu g e at Bo m b ay .

T re at y of Bass e i n . G e n eral W e lle sle y

'
s m arc h on Pu na T h e P e sh was ’

re st o rat i o n . C o n fe de rac y ag ai nst t h e Bri t i sh V i c t o ri e s

. at A s says
an d o t h e r p l ac e s T re a t i e s wi,
t h S i n dh i aan d E b e n al e A fi ai rs ,

at Ba ro da M u l k g i ri e x pe di t i o ns an d t h e i r e v i ls
.
P e rm a ,

n e n t s e t t le m e n t s o f t ri b u t e e ffe c t e d b y t h e R e si de n t , C ol o n e l

W alk e r ; h is h u m an e e ffo rt s t o pre ve nt fe m ale i n fant i c i de .

F R O M 1 8 02 t o 1 8 07 A . D .

W h i le t h e E n g li sh we re t h u s g a i ni n g po wer i n G ujarat ,

the a u t h o ri t y o f t h e P e sh wa aft e r t h e de a t h o n t h e 1 3 t h of
,

M arc h 1 8 00 o f h i s c e l e b ra t e d M i n i s t e r N an a Fadn a v i s, o n e of

t he ab l e s t a n d wi se st s t a t e sm e n o f h i s t i m e , de c li n e d m o re and

m o re . Baj i R ao Pe sh wa h ad b e c o m e e n t i re ly de pen de n t on

S i ndh ia b e t we e n
, wh o m an d Yash v an t R ao B o l k ar g re at

je al o u sy e x i st e d . V i t h ob a , a b ro t h e r o f t h e la t t e r, h av i n g b een
t ak e n pri so n e r i n a ra i d, was ,
n ot wi t h st an di n g t h e m o st j
ab e c t

e n t re a t i e s, t to a c ru e l de at h b e i n g t ram pl e d u n de r t h e fe e t
pu ,

o f a n e l e ph a n t , 1 st A pri l 1 8 01 . T he P e sh wa i s sai d t o h ave

wi t n e sse d t h e e x ec u t io n fro m a b al c o ny , an d t o h av e m an i fe st ed

d e l ig h t at h e ar i n g t h e sc re a m s o f t h e u n h a v ic t im To av e n ge
ppy .

h i s b ro t h e r s de at h Y ash v an t R ao H o lk ar m arc h e d P u na
'
on ,

de fe at e d t h e P e sh was t he 2 5th O ct o b e r
’
a rm y on of an d i n ed
, g a

po sse ssi o n of t he c i ty .
i i R do fl e d, an d e v e n t u a lly t o ok re

fu g e wi t h t h e Bri t i sh i n Bo m b av wh e re h e was re c e i v e d b y t he
G o v e rn o r M r . J o n a t h a n D u n c an o n t h e 6 t h o f D e c e m b e r . A t reaty
was t h e n c o n c l u de d a t Basse i n on t h e 3 l st of t he sam e m on t h

b y wh i c h t h e P e sh wa ag re e d to su b s i diz e t h e Bri t i sh a rm
y for

t h e pro t e c t i o n of h i s t e rri t o ry, an d to c e de dist ri c t s of the v al ue

o f t we n t y si x l ac s
-
f r u pe e s pe r a n n u m
o H e fu rt h e r ra t i fi e d t he .

a rra n g e m e n t a g re e d o n b e t we e n t h e G ae k wé d a n d t h e E n li sh,
g
and re l i nq u i sh e d h i s c lai m s on t he C hau t h o f S u rat and t he
[ P aar 4 . cm . 2 30

E ng l i s h i n a war wi t h Si n dhi a an d R eg h oj t Bh o nsl e

. of Be rar,
b oth of wh o m n a t u ra l ly di sli k e d t h e i n t e rfe re nc e of t h e E ng li sh ,

a n d, in se c re t l e ag u e wi t h t h e u ng ra t e fu l Bej i R do , u n i t ed to

de fe a t t h e pu rpo se of t h e t re a t y . T h is l e d t o a t e di o u s and

h az ardo u s c am p g
a i n i n t h e t e rri t o rie s of t h o se c h i e fs, in t he

c o u rse o f wh i c h , so m e b ri l li an t b a t t le s we re fo u g h t an d v ic

t o ri e s g ai n e d b y t h e Bri t i sh a rm s, par t i c u l arly at A ssaye ,

D e lh i an d A g ni . E ve n t u al ly b o t h S i ndh ia an d Bh o nsl e we re
c om p e lle d in Dec em b er 1 8 03 t o e nt e r i n t o t re at i e s, si m i lar t o
t h o se e n t e re d i n t o b y t h e P e sh wa at Basse i n , a nd
pr o m i si n
g
not to e nter into a ny a l li an c e wi t h t h e Fr e n c h or wi t h o t h er

E u ro pe an po we rs . Bo t h t h e se c h i e fs we re also re
q u i re d to c e de

a larg e po rt i o n of t heir t e r ri t o ry b e t we e n t h e J a m na a n d t he

G au g e s, a n d a l so t o t he ward o f t h e R aj pu t pri n c i pali t i es

no r t h

of J ay pu r J odh pu r
,
a n d G o h ad I t was du ri ng t h i s war t h at t he
.

E ng li sh took B ro ac h b y s t o rm on t h e 2 9th of A u g u st 1 8 03 .

P dwdg a dh was al so t ak e n on t h e 1 7t h of Se pt e m b e r , b u t was

re st o re d t o S i n dh ia o n t h e c o n c l u si o n o f t h e t re at y . S i n dh iaalso .

a
g re e d to re l i n
q u i s h a ll h is c lai m s a
g ai n st the Gde k wdd, t h e
a l ly o f the Brit i sh . T h e se e ve n t s a ll t o o k plac e wi t h i n t h e
m e m o rab le fi ve m o n t h s b e t we e n A u g u st an d D e c e m b e r 1 8 03 .

A t t h i s pe ri o d S i n dhi a c o n c e i v e d t h e de si re o f e ffe c t i ng a
j
fo o t i n g i n G u arat o n t h e ple a t h a t e v e r si n c e G o v i nd R eo s t i m e ,
’

t he G ae k W Ad h ad we d h i m l a rg e of S i n dh ié s
’
o a su m m o ne y .

j
o b ec t wa s h o we v e r fr u s t ra t e d t h ro u g h t h e i n t e rpo si t i o n
, , of t he

Br i t is h G o v e rn m e n t , wh o i nd u c e d S in dh i as Sh e t h P ra
’
ag e n t ,

b h u dda o f Bre ac h , t o pay t h e m o n e y o n t h e R e si de n t s g u aran t ee,

’

a n d t h u s Ba ro da wa s fr e e d fro m t h e i n t e rfe re n c e o f an e ne m y .

Fa t e h si n g h , o ne o f the so n s o f G o v i n d R ec , h ad b e e n m ade o ver

b y h is fa t h e r t o t h e t e m pl e of K h an do b a n e ar P u na .. H e was
w se i z e d by o ne o f H o lk ar s wh o m
’
no of
fi c e rs, to a ran so m of

fi ft y t h ousan d ru pe e s h ad t o b e paid, aft e r wh i c h Fa t e h singh

 i Ex ’
nirre s
‘

2 31 M us s oli n rr .

was b rou gh t t o Baroda i n A u g u st 1 8 03 fo r po li t ic al re ason s A .

c o n spi rac y was t h e n fo rm e d o n t h e part o f c e rt ai n P at h an s an d

A n a n d Rae fav o u ri t e wi fe T a k h t b ai t o
’
s se iz e t h e pe rso n of t he
R e si de n t an d o f t he M i n ist e r S i t aram , b ro t h e r of t he fo r m e r
M i n i st e r Ravj i A péji, b u t t h is c o n spi ra c y was o ppo r t u n e ly di s
c o v e re d a n d t h wa r t e d .

T h e se i n t e r na l t ro u b le s b e i n g e n de d, the R e si de n t C o lo ne l
W al k e r , to wh o m n o t on l
y Baro da b u t t h e wh o l e of K at h i awar
o we s a de e p de b t of
g rat i t u de , se t h i m se lf e a rn e s t ly t o do a wa y
wi t h c e rt a i n ex p e d it i o n s, c all e d t he M u lk g i ri ( c i rc u i t o f t he
c o u n t ry ) ,
wh i c h we re a n n u al ly u n de rt ak e n a g a i n st t h a t pe n i n su l a

to re a l iz e t ri b u t e T h e se o c c as i o n e d re a t e x n se t o t h e G ee k
.
g pe

wdd a n d c au se d m uch i nj u ry t o t h e c o u n t ry . T he re a de r will

re c o l l e c t t h at the M u h a m m ada n r u le rs, a nd a ft e r t hem t he

M a rdt lnds, h a d s e c u re d the ri h t t l t ri b u t e fro m c h i e fs in

g o e v
y
K at h iawar . T h e t ri b u t e h o we v e r, , c ou ld not be c o l le c t e d wi t h
ou t t h e pre se n c e ef a l arg e m il i t ary fo rc e , a n d o ft e n fe ll i n ar

re ars. T o t he o r ig i n a l de m a n ds we re fre q u e n t ly a dde d o th e r

c h a rg e s s u c h as Gam V e ra (v i l lag e t a x ) ,
N dlb a n d V e ra (c h ar
g e

fo r h o rse -
sh o e i n g ) , and t h e C h ri s Dan a (g rass
. an d
g ra i n c h arg e s ) .

E v e ry y e ar t h e re wa s a t e n de n c y o n t h e pa rt o f t h e e me e r c em

m an di n g t h e e x pe di t io n t o re a liz e a l arg e r su m t h a n h i s pre de

c e ss e r h ad c o lle c t e d . If t he c h i e f re fu se d t o pay and r

p p
e a re d

t o fi g h t , t h e M a rat h a a rm y s
y s t e m a t i c a l ly de st ro ye d t h e c ro ps,

i l la e d a n d b u rn t v i ll a e s a n d d id a n i n e a l c u la b le a m o u n t of
p g g ,

i nj u ry T h e c h i e fs a lso , wh e n e v e r t h e y fo u n d a fa v o u rab le
. oc

c a si o n , re t a l i a t e d by a t t ac k i n g a n d l u n de ri n g i n o ffe n si v e v il
p
l a g e s b e lo n g i n g t o e ither t he Gae k wad o r t h e P e sh wa .

C o lo n e l W a l k e r de t e rm i n e d t o pu t an e n d t o t h e se diso rde rs,

”
a n d e m b ra c i n t h o r t u n i t y af
f o rde d b y a ppl i c a t i o n s f m
, g e O pp r o

T he a ppli c at i o n s h ad c om m e n c ed as e arly a s 1 8 04 , an d we re fu l ly
c o ns i de re d b e fo re t h e y we re ac c e pt e d . T h e wh o le of t he c o rre spo n de nc e

wi t h G o v e rn m e n t was du ly u b lish e di n P art I o f C o lo n e l W al ke r s ab le

'

zi t hi awar, N o 3 9 , ne w Se ri e s
'

Re po rt s o f Proc e e di ngs in . .
[ Paar 4 . snar l ] 2 32

se v e ral o f t h e m i no r c h i e fs Bri t i sh pro t ec t i on,

t o b e t ak e n u nde r

l a c e d h i m se l f a t t h e h e ad o f a n E n l i sh fo rc e a n d j o i n e d Ba b s
p g
j
’
r s M u lk i ri e x d i t i i A t 1 8 07 A t t h m t i m e
g p e o n n u g u s e s a e .

h e i n vi t e d t h e c h ie fs i n K it t h i ri war t o se n d t h eir ag e n t s t o h is
c am
p at G u t u i n M o rr i . W i t h t h e se ,
aft e r a t h oro u g h e n q u i ry

h e m ade pe r m a n e n t se t t l e m e n t s, fi x in g t h e am o u n t of t ri b u t e
t o b e pa i d b y e ac h t h ro u g h t h e Bri t i sh G o v e rn m e n t , wh o we re
to re m it t h e sa m e t o the G ae k wad . E v e n t h is r e as o n ab le

a rra n g e m e n t , wh i c h at onc e
y fro m a n nu al
fre e d t h e c ou n t r

d e v a s t a t i o n a n d pl u n de r was n o t ac c e pt e d b y so m e o f t h e c h ie fs,
,

t h o u g h i t wa s m a n i fe s t l y t o t h e i r o wn a dv an t ag e a n d t o t h e

b e ne fi t of t h e ir su b e c j ts . T h e m o re po we r fu l c h i e fs h ad se l fi sh

m ot ives i n wi t h h o l di n g t h e i r c o n se n t , as t h ey j
c on e c t u re d t hat

su c h wo u ld pu t a n e n d t o t h e i r o ppo r t u n i t i e s of
a se t t l e m e n t

o
pp re ss i n
g t h e i r l e ss
p o we r fu l n e i g h b o u rs E ve n wh i le t h e .

n e o t i a t i o n s we re pe n d in g t h e J ain o f N a v an a a r h ad t he
g , g
a u da c i t
y t o t a k e fro m t h e R en a o f . P o rb a n da r t h e fo r t o f K anda
n ut i n N o v e m b e r 1 8 07 b y b ri b i n g t h e e me e r i n c h ar
g e . O n t he
Ran d s eal C o lon e l \
Va l k e r a rc h e d K an do rna
'

a
pp at once m on

5 t h De c e m b e r 1 8 0 k i t b y fo rc e o f a r m s, a n d t e
7
on t he ,
re t o o

s t o re d i t t o i t s r ig h t fu l o wn e r It b e c am e n e c e ssa r t m ake
. e ve n y o

a d e m o n s t ra t i o n a
g a i n st N a v at n a g a r i t se lf b e fo re t h e J am was
i n du c e d t o g i v e h is a sse n t . T h e t u rb u le n t t o wn of M dl ia had
a lso to be su b du e d I n sh o rt t h i s pe rm an e n t se t t l e m e n t o f t he
.

t ri b u t e h a s ro v e d a n u n m i x e d b le ss i n g , b ri ng i n g i n i t s t rain
p
e ac e a n d c o n t e n t m e n t to all ar t i e s c o n c e rn e d. T he M u lk gi ri
p p
ex d i t i o n s, wi t h t h e i r m an y d g re a t
an e v i ls, h av e b e c o m e s
pe
"
Gae k wad n e w
i
t h i ng of t h e pa st , an d th e re c e i v e s h is t ri b u t e

pra c t i c a l ly u n di m i nis h e d b y t h e c o st o f i ts c o ll e c t ion . Si m ilar

a r ra n g e m ents we r e m ade la t e r re g ardi n g t h e t ri b u t e wh ic h J u nit
a d h h a d fo rc e d fro m so m e of t he c h i e fs u n de r t he de sig n at ion
g

T he G ae k wti d s t ri b u t e
'

am o u n t s to ab o u t n i ne l ac s o f ru pe es in
K at h i awar an d t h re e lac s i n t h e M ahi K ant h a Q .
[ Paar 4 . su n . 2 34

at t e nt io n o f M r . E G Fa wc e t t , C o lle c t o r o f Ah
. . mdab ad
a i n 1 8 4 8,
wh e n t h at e fli c e r i n du c e d so m e o f t h e i n h ab i t an t s of h i s di st ric t
'
to e nt er int o a
g re e m e n t s t o m arry t h e i r da u g h t e rs i n t o fa m i l ie s

o f e q u a l ran k , t o l i m i t t he a m o u n t o f do wri e s and m arri ag e ex

pe n se s , an d t o pay a pe n a lt
y fo r i n fri ng e m e n t o f any of t he

c l au se s o f t h e c o v e n a n t s . U n de r o rde rs fro m G o v e rn m e n t , t h e
C o l le c t o r o f K a i ra ,
Mr . J e lm W eb b ,
a l so i n du c e d h i s ryo t s t h e

nex t to ent er into si m i la r ag re e m e n t s, a nd t h e syst e m

ye ar

wo rk e d t o t h e b e n e fi t of t he e
p po l e c o n c e rn e d u n t i l i t s l e g ali t y
was q u e s t i o n e d i n a c o u r t o f la w in 1 8 5 2 , s u b se q u e n t t o wh ic h

the ag re e m e n t s b e c am e a de ad le t t e r, an d t h e fo rm e r s t at e o f

I n 1 8 70, t ak i n g t h e rt u n i t a fi o rde d by
'

t h i ng s re v i v e d . o
ppo y
t h e pass i ng of Ac t X of t h at ye ar fo r t h e pre v e n t i o n o f fe m ale

i n fan t ic i de , M r A A Be rradai le , t h e n C o lle c t o r o f A h m adab ad,

. . .

ag a i n t ook up t h e su b e c t , j an d at t h e re q u e s t o f S h e t h Be c h ardzts
A m b aidasj
‘
a le adi ng p h i la n t h
and
rO pi c c i t i z e n o f A li m a dAb ad
b e lo n g i n g t o t h e K ad wa K u n b i c o m m u n i t y , i ndu c e d G o ve rn
m e n t t o pass c e r t ai n r u le s u n de r the ac t . T h i s h ad t h e desi red
e fl ec t fo r t im e i n far l e ast the R ad wa K u nb is
'

so m e so at as

we re c o n c e rn e d . T h e y we re not q uite su i t e d to th e c i rc u m

s t an c e s e f t h e Le wes, a nd c au se d so m e disc o n t e n t i n t h a t c om

m u ni ty . G radu al ly i n ,
c o n se q u e n c e o f t he u su al o b
jec t io n t o
t h e i n t e rfe re n c e of G o v e rn m e n t i n so c i al m at t e rs, t h e di fi c u lty

of pro v i ng t he ex ist e n c e of t h e prac t i c e of fe m a le i n fa n t ic ide,

an d the assu ran c e t h a t b o t h t h e Le wd a nd K adwa K u n b i s had
.

m ade b i n di n g a rran g e m e n t s a m o n g t h e m se l v e s, wh ic h wou ld

t e nd t o re m o v e t h e m o t i ve fo r c ri m e , G o ve rn m e n t we re ple ased
t o plac e t h e r u le s in a b e ya n c e .

V i de c om pre h e n s i v e re po rt b y t h e l at e M r H R C o o k e, I C s o
. . .
. .

pu b li sh e d as Selec t io n N u m b e r C X LV II of t h e R ec o rds of t h e Govern

m e nt of Bo m b ay, N e w S e ri e s .

1 T h is g e nt le m an was re warde d b y t h e G o ve rn m e nt of I n di a fo r his

ph i l ant h ro b
py y t h e g rant oft h e t i t le of R60 Bah adu r an d a ld medal
go ,
 2 35 F EM ALE I NFANT IOIDE .

T he ex ri e nc e o f so m e t we l v e an d the s t at i s t i c s
pe
y e ars

c o lle c t e d
p ro v e d t h at t h e ru le s a n d the ar ra ng e m e n t s m ade b y
the p p
e o le t h e m se l ve s di d no t wo rk we ll . M r G F S h e ppard,
. . .

t h e po pu la r C o l le c t o r o f K a i ra a n d s u b se q u e n t ly C o m m i ssi o n e r
of t he N o rt h e rn Di v is i o n ,
t he n t oo k u
p the j
s u b e c t , a nd h is
e x e r t i o n s, c o m b i n e d wi t h t h e co o -
pe ra t i o n o f m a ny of t he m o re

aris t o c ra t i c fa m i li e s of G uj arat , re s u l t e d i n t h e pro m u lg a t io n of

fo rm al ru le s, wh i c h h a v e h a d t h e fo rc e o f la w fro m l st Fe b ru ary
1 888 ! T h e se r u le s, i f d u ly e n fo rc e d, b ac k e d b y t h e i n
and

c re as i n i n t e l li e n c e and e du c a t io n o fthe e o ple wi l l i t i s h o e d

g g p p , ,

e ve n t u a ll re m o v e t he ss i b i li t o f a re c u r re n c e o f t he h a t e fu l
y po y
c ri m e o f fe m a le i n fa n t i c ide .

I n t h e ye a r 1 8 8 9 si m i lar ru l e s we re e n ac t e d fo r t h e K adwd .

K u n b i s a t t h e i n s t an c e o f M r H E M . . . . J am e s ,
t h e n Co lle c t o r
of A h m adab ad, an d a c c e t ed b t h m
p y e .

Fo r a d e t ai l e d ac c ou n t of M r,
S he ppard s
’
wo rk , se e Indian
M agaz i ne fo r A u g ust 1 9 89, V o lu m e XX, N o . 2 2 4 , pag e 3 8 6 .
 2 36

Cu rr an VI I I .

T he wal of t he G ile lt wad s l e ase t h e P e sh was

'

of s h are
'
re ne i n t he
re v e n u e . Di s pu t e s as to se t t l e m e n t s o f ac c o u n t s , De pu t at i o n of

G angat l h e h ast ri t o Pu n a T h e Sh as t ri s t re ac h e ro u s m u rde r

.
’
.

S u rre n de r of t he s u s pe c t e d m u rde re r T ri m b akji Dan g l i a ,

1 1is c o n fi n e m e n t an d e sc ape .

F RO M 1 8 04 t o 1 816 A D . .

T h e fa r m i ng o f t he Pe sh was sh a re’
of the re v e n u e o f G u a j
rat t o t he G at e k wad fo r t h e t e rm of fi ve y e a rs fro m O c t o b er
1 8 00 h a s a lre ad
y b e e n m e n t io ne d P r e v i o u s h o we v e r t o t h e
.

ex i
p yr of t hi s i o d, t h e Pe sh wa h ad c e de d t o t h e H o n o u rab le
pe r

E ast I n di a C o m pa ny b y t h e t re a t y o f Basse i n t h e d ist ri c t s of

Dh a n dh u k a RAnpu r a n d G o g h a, t o g e t h e r wi t h h i s ri g h t s in
.

C a m b ay . A fre sh ag re e m e n t wa s t h e re fo re c o n c l u de d on t he
2 nd of Oc to b e r 1 8 04 , re ne wi n
g f o r t e n ye a rs t h e l e ase on

c o n di t i o n o f t h e m nt o f fo u r l ac s an d a h a l f o f ru
p y ae
pe es

pe r an n u m . So m e t i m e ,
h o we v e r, pri o r t o t h e ex i
p yr o f t h is

l a st a g re e m e n t , t he t wo G o v e rn m e n t s so u g h t to se t t l e t h ei r

a c c o u n t s, wh i c h h a d b e e n i n a rre ars fo r se v e ral y e ars . Ao

c o rd i n
g t o the P e sh wa h i s c l a i m , on t h e Gae k wad a m o u n t ed

to a k ro re of ru
pe e s, b u t i nas m u c h as t he e m b arrassm e n t in
G de k wad s fi n an c e s h ad fo r t h e m o st pa rt aris e n in
’
the c on

se q u e n c e o f t h e a dh e si o n o f t h a t s t at e t o t h e
.
c au se o f Be ji

fa t h e r R ag h u n at h 3 60 t h e Pe sh wa re m i t t e d t h e su m of
'
Rao s ,

si x t y l ac s o f ru pe e s T h e G ae k wad, h o we v e r, u rg e d c o u nt e r
.

c l a i m s o n t h e P e sh wafo r l o ss c a u se d b y t h e c e si o n o f Bre ac h t o

t h e Bri t i sh i n A . D . 1 775 , fo r ex
pe n se s i n c u rre d i n t h e ex po

di t i o n ag a i n st S h e l u k ar, an d fo r t h e c o st o f t h e m an ag e m e nt of

t h e c o u n t ry, t o wards wh ic h t h e Pe sh wa h ad c o n t ri b u t e d n o t h i ng

fro m t h e t i m e wh e n h is sh are was fi rst farm e d ou t t o t he

Gae k wad . T h e se m a t t e rs fo rm e d t h e j
su b e c t of m any and

p ro l o n
g ed disc u ssio ns b e t we e n t h e Pesh wa and t h e Ga m er
[ P AR T 4 . C HAP . 8 .
] 2 38

wh e n t h e pre para t i ons h ad b e e n far adv a n c e d, an d c on si der

a b le n se h ad a l re a d b e e n i n c u rre d i n v i e w o f t h e fi nal
ex pe y
c e re m o n ,
y t h e S h ast ri , fe a ri n g l e s t h i s a c c e pt an c e o f t h e alli
a nc e wo u ld b e c o n s t ru e d as i n fi de l it y b y h i s o wn pri n c e t he

G ae k wad, wi t h d re w fro m h i s a
g re e m e n t . H e fu r t h e r o rde red

h is wi fe t o de s i s t fro m v si t i n
i g t he Pe s h wa s
p a lac e . This ro u sed

P e sh wa s H e h o we v e r re fra i n e d fro m g i v i n g o pen

’
t he a n ge r .
, ,

ex p re ss o n i t o h is fe e li n g s , wh i le T ri m b akj i pre t e n de d t o t re at

t he S lut s t ri wi t h m o re k i n d n e ss t h an e ve r . A c c o rd i n g ly, wh e n
t h e P e s h wa we n t p gi l r i m a e t o P a n dh ar u r, t h e o v e r c o n
g on a
p
fi da n t S h as t ri a c c o m pa n i e d h i m , t h o u g h ad v i s e d ag ai n s t t his
'

a i ral t h e G ae k wad s b an k e r w
’
st e b
p y B ap u M T h e r e su l t as .

t h at on t he 1 4 t h of M ay 1 8 1 5 , a ft e r d i n i n g wi t h t h e P e sh wa ,

h e was i n v i t e d b y T ri m b akji t o b e pre se n t t h at n i g h t at a

r e li g i o u s c e re m o n y i n s o m e t e m pl e T h e S lut st ri , s u spe c t i ng . no

e v i l, we n t ac c o rdi n g t o h i s pro m i se , m a de o b e isan c e t o t h e idol,

a nd p a id h is re s pe c ts to t he Pe sh wa wh o h ad se a t e d hi m se l f at a
,

wi n do w . H e wa s r e t u rn i n g t o h i s h o u se al m o st u n at t e n ded,
wh e n wi t h i n t h re e h u ndre d ya rds o f t h e t e m pl e a n u m b e r of
, ,

a ssa ss i n s fe l l u o n h i m an d c u t do wn t h e u n fo r t u n a t e m an
p , .

A m o n g H i nd u s t h e t ak i n g t h e l ife of a Brah m a n , e ven fo r t h e

m o st h e i no u s o ffe n c e , is re g a rde d as the wo rst o f c ri m e s, and

t h is m u rde r of a h ig h c ast e B rah m an o f e x al t e d i t i o n , c om

po s
-

m it ted in su c h a sac re d pl ac e as P an dh arpu r was , v ie we d wi t h

t he u t m o st ab h o rre n c e , a n d p p
o u l ar i n di gn at i o n ag a i n st T rim
b akji wh o was u n i v e rsa lly s u spe c t e d o f th e c ri m e , ro s e to a
,

h i h i t c h A s m i g h t h a v e b e e n e x pe c t e d, b o t h t h e P esh wa
ver
y g p .

a n d T ri m b a kj i de n i e d an y c o m pl i c i t y i n t h i s fo u l m u rde r, b u t

Div in e v en
g e nc e was so o n to o v e rt ak e t hem . T h e R e si de nt at

P u n a c al le d fo r an i m m e di a t e i n v e st i g a t i o n , ye t t h e P e sh wa
re m ai n e d i nac t i v e , e v en t h o u g h Bapu M a i ral o pe n ly a c c u sed

T ri m b akji of t h e m u rde r . A c c o rdin g ly t he R e si de n t h i m self

 ‘
T RIM BAK J I DA NGLIA
’
2 39 .

i nst i t u t e d t h e m ost m i nu t e i n q u i ry , i n t h e c o u rse of wh i c h

T ri m b akj i s g u i lt was c le arly e s t ab li sh e d T he P e sh wa was
’
.

t h e n c a l le d u po n t o de li v e r u p t h e c u lpri t . Fo r a t im e h e

e v ade d c o m pl i a n c e, b u t on t h e t ro o ps c o ll e c t i n g ro u n d P u na ,

he at las t , on t h e 2 5 t h S e pt e m b e r 1 8 1 5 , su rre n de re d h is fa v o u ri t e

t o t h e Bri t i s h G o v e rn m e n t . T wo a
g e nts o f S i t aram R avj i t h e
GAe k wad s M i n i st e r wh o was t h e a sc e n de n c y o f t h e
’
e a lo u s o f
, j
S h as t ri , we re a so se i z e
l d a n d se n t t o t he G ee k wad, wh o con

fi ne d t h e m i n h i ll fo rt s . S i t aram h i m se lf, b e i n g de li v e re d up

t o t h e Br i t ish b y t h e Gae k wad wi t h so m e re l u c t a n c e , wa s k e pt

in c u st o dv . T r i m b a kji was c o n fi ned in t he fo r t o f T h an a ,

wh e n c e h e e sc a pe d o n t he n ig h t of t h e 1 2 th o f S e pt e m ber 1 8 1 6
a n d re m a i n e d c o n c e a l e d a m o n
g t h e Bh i ls an d R am u si s . H is
fu rt h e r ac t io n s wi l l b e n arra t e d in t h e n ex t c h apt e r .
 2 40

C HAP T E R I X
P e s h was ’
i nt rig u e s ag ai n st t h e E n g l i s h Fre sh t re at y T h e P i n dari war
. .
.

Ba t t l e of K i rk c e T h e P e s h was de fe at an d fl ig h t H i s fu rt h e r
'

.
,

re ve rs es an d s u rre n de r ,
Fre s h t re at y wi t h t h e G ae k wad

F R OM 1 8 17 to 18 18 A . D .

F ro m h is re t re a t T r i m b a kj i h e ld se c re t com m u n i c a t i o ns

wi t h t h e P e s h wa d b y h is c o m m an ds ra i se d a n a r m y from
, an

a m o ng the b i d t ri b e s T h e R e s i de n t t h e H o n o u ra b le M o u nt
.

s t u a rt E l ph i n s t o n e ob t ain e d com p l e t e i n fo rm a t i o n o f a l l t h at

wa s b e i n g do n e ,
an d t h o u gh t h e
, Pe sh wa a n d h i s M i n i s t e rs de
n ie d t hat t hey we re ra i s i n
g au v t ro o ps or t h a t t h e re we re any

i n s u rg e n t s i n t h e c ou nt r
y , t h e B ri t i s h G o v e rn m e n t k e pt i t se lf
in re a d i n e ss fo r an m e rg e n c y t h a t m i gh t a r i se
y e .

T h e P e s h wa . s i n t rig u e s ag a i n st t h e E n g l i sh c
o u ld n o t , h ow
e v e r, re m a i n lo n g d isg u i se d N o n e t h e le ss, o n t h e 1 3 t h o f M ay
.

1 8 1 7 he e n t e re d i n t o a n a g re e m e n t b i n di n g h i m se l f n o t t o h o ld

a ny c o m m u n ic a t i o n wi t h any po we r sa v e t h e Bri t i sh , h e fu rt h e r

adm i t t e d T r i m b a kj i i n t h e m u rde r o f G an ad h a r Sh ast ri,

’
u ilt g
s
g
an d pro m i se d h is s u rre n de r H e a l so wi t h dre w a l l h i s de m ands .

o n t h e G ae k wad an d a re e d t o c e de t o t h e B ri t i sh t e rri t o ry
’l ‘
os
g ,

t i m a t e d t o y ie l d a re v e n u e o f t h i rt y fo u r lac s
-
o f r u pe e s i n l ie u of
fu rn is h i n g t h e c o n t i n g e n t o f t h re e t h o u san d fo o t a n d fi ve t h o u sand

h o rse a
g re e d u
po n i n t h e t re a t y of Ba sse i n . T h i s h u m i l ia t i o n
wa s b u t t he n a t u ra l re s u l t o f h is o wn fo o l i sh i n t rig u e s agai nst

t h e po we r t h a t h a d sh e l t e re d h i s fa t h e r, d b y wh i c h h e had
an

h i m se l f b e e n re i n s t a t e d o n the m asn ad u su rpe d b y H o lk ar .

T h e fre sh t re a t y se c u re d v e ry
g re a t adv an t ag e s t o t h e Gae k
wad also , i n as m u c h as b y it the P e sh wa g ran t e d i n pe rpe t u i ty
a re n e wa l o f t h e l e a se of h is s h a re i n t he re v e n u e s of G uj arat

1‘ T h i s t e rri t o ry i n c l u de d t h e K o n k an , Dh arwti r an d A b m sdnsgsr o

T h e P e s h wa al so re l i n q u i sh e d h i s sh are of t h e t ri b u t e i n K at hi awar .
[ Paar 4 . c an . 2 42

T h e Bri t ish w fo u nd t h e m se l ve s ab le t o plac e i n

no t h e fi e ld

a n a rm y o f o n e h u ndre d a n d t we n t y t h o u san d m e n fo r the su p

pre ss io n o f the P i n daris ,

’
wh o h ad b e c o m e a sc o u rg e to all part s

of I n di a G ujarti t i n c l u de d
, . O n ly aft e r c o n si de rab l e t ro u b le
a n d an o r
g a n iz e d war we re t h e se m arau de rs de s t ro ye d (N o ve m

b er T he P e s h wa s t ill n o u ri s h e d h is r e se n t m e nt ag ai nst

t h e E n g lis h , an d a t Baro da h e s u c c e e de d in ra i si n
g a s t ro ng

h o s t i le pa r t y, h e ade d b y t h e la t e M i n i st e r S i t aram an d t he
Ran i T a k h t b a i T h e R e s ide n t a t Fu nd, t h e H o n o u rab le M o u n t
.

st u a rt E lph i n s t o n e was ,
a ware of t h e se m ac h i n a t i o n s b u t t he
P e sh wa s u c c e e de d i n de c e i v i ng t h e G o v e rn o r G e n e ral s A g e nt
Si r Joh n M alc o l m , wh o , re ly i n g o n h is c a n do u r, pe rm i t t e d him
to ra i se t ro o ps a
g ai nst t h e P i n dtt ri s . H a v in g , u n de r t h i s plea,

c o ll e c t e d a c o n si de ra b le fo rc e , b e c ons i re d t o t a k e t h e l ife of
p
t h e R e si de n t , an d t o k i n dle d i saffe c t i o n am o n
g t h e n at i ve t ro ops
at P u na . P ro v i de n c e h o we v e r
, , o v e r- r u l e d h i s pla n s, a n d o ne

Y a sh v a n t R ao wh o h ad , re c e i v e d fi ft y t h o u san d r u pe e s i n order
to assasi n a t e t h e R e si de n t , not onl re fu se d t o c ar r t h is
y y o u

a
g re e m e n t , but e ven warn e d M r E lph i n st o n e . of the v ile c on

s pi rac
y . At the D asara fe st i v al o n t h e 1 9 t h of O c t ob e r 1 8 1 7
the o p ort u n i t
p y was t ak e n of a g ran d di spl ay t o sh o w t h e Bri
t i sh se po
ys t h e i r i n s i g n ifi c a n c e as c o m pare d wi t h t h e M arat ha
day s pro c e e di ng s se rv e d o n l
’
a rm y, a n d e a c h se b se u e n t y t o re n
q
de r m o re c ri t i c a l t h e po si t i o n of t h e Fu nd R e si de nc y . O n t he
n ig h t o f t h e 2 8 th of O c t o b e r t h e P e sh wah ad m ade a ll h i s pre pa
,

ra t i o n s fo r a t t ac k i n g t h e R e si de n c y, b u t fo rt u n a t e ly h e wave red
at t h e la st m o m e n t , a nd wai t e d t o re c e i v e t i di n g s t h a t t h e nat i ve

po rt io n o f t h e sm al l fo rc e wi t h t h e Bri t ish h ad b e e n wo n o ve r to

if T h e Pi n dari s we re no t a se parat e rac e o r t rib e , b u t an agglo m er

at i o n o f l a wle s s m en o f all fai t h s . At fi rs t t h ey we re h e ard o f o nly as

fre e h o o t e rs , b u t t h e y h ad
- of l at e b e c o m e so po we rful t h at e ve n t he
M arat h as fo u nd t h e m se l ve s ob l ig e d t o t reat wi t h t h em .
 2 43 B ru nt or . Kmx r

h is si de . T h e fo llo wi ng m o rn i ng t h e R e si de n t , no lo ng e r b le
a

to c o n c e al h is su s
pi c i o n s, se n t a m e ssag e to the P e sh wa re lat i v e
t o h i s t h re a t e n i ng a t t i t u de , b ut he re c e i ve d o n l an e v asi v e re l .
y py
I n t he m e an t im e , a re g i m e n t o f E u ro pe a n s un de r M aj o r W i lso n ,
wh o , on h e a ri n g of t he c ri si s, h ad m ade ex t rao rdi n ary e x e rt i o n s

to re a c h P u na , sa fe l
y arri v e d, a ft e r wh ic h ,
on t h e 1 8 th of

N o v e m b e r 1 8 1 7, t h e Bri t i sh l e ft t h e i r o ld c a n t o n m e n t , wh i c h
was b
ve r
y a dl
y s i t u at e d, a n d re m o v e d t o K i rk i T h e M ar at h a s, .

e la t e d b y t h i s m e as u re , wh i c h t h e c o n st ru e d i n t o fl i h t , fo r t h
y g
wi t h pl u n de re d t h e ab an do n e d c a n t o n m e n t .

E ve n so la t e as t he 5 t h o f N o v e m b e r, t he P e sh wa at t e m pt e d
t o dis t ra c t t h e a t t e n t i on of t h e E ng li sh b y ne
g o t i a t i o ns , a n d
re q u e s t e d t h at th e n e wly ar ri v e d re i n fo rc e m e n t s s h o u ld be se n t

b ac k t o Bo m b ay M r E lph i n st o n e , h o we v e r, pro v e d m o re t h an
. .

a m a t c h fo r h i m i n dipl o m ac v an d de m a n de d t h a t t h e re m o v al

of t ro o ps sh o u l d c om m e nc e on t he s i de o f t he P e sh wa . U p to
t h is t i m e Mr . E l ph i n s t o n e h is pa rt y h ad re m a i n e d o n a t
a nd

t h e R e side n c v , b u t t h e y n o wj o i ne d t h e arm y a t K i rk i T o wards .

t h is s
p ot m a rc hed the v a st M arat h a arm y , t we l v e t i m e s as n u

m e ro u s as t h e B ri t i sh t ro o ps, wh ic h l at t e r nu m b e re d o n ly t wo
t h o u sa n d n a t i v e so l die rs a n d e ig h t h u n d re d E u ro pe ans . On t h e
m o rn i n g o f N o ve m b e r 6 t h M ,
r .
E lph i n s t o n e b o ldly c om m e nc e d

b a t t le ,
an d so vi
g o ro u s l
y was t h e a t t ac k c a rr ie d o n u n de r t h e g al

la n t C o lo n e l B u r r t h a t b e fo re ,
ni
g h t fe l l t h at e me e r h ad su c c e e de d
in u t t e rly de fe a t i n g t h e M a rzi t h a fo rc e , wh i c h lo st fi ve h u n dre d
i n k i l le d . At the v e ry o u t se t o f the c o n t e st t he P e sh wa h ad
g l oom
y forb o di ng s o wi n g t o t h e ac c i de n t al b re ak i ng of t h e po le

on wh ic h was b o rn e al o ft the J adi P at k a o r n at i o n al s t an dard.

Se a t e d i n t h e t e m ple o f Parv a t i , wh i c h o v e rl o o k s t h e pl ai n , t he
Pe sh wa wi t n e sse d t h e di sc o m fi t u re o f h is ar m y a nd wh i le t h e , ,

b a t t le was ye t rag i n g , h e g av e o rde rs fo r t h e pl u n de ri n g and

s v al uab le
’
b u rn i ng of t h e R e side n c y, i nc l u di ng M r Elph i nst on e .
 2 44

l i b rary, an d t h e de m ol i t i o n of t h e g rav e s o f al l E u ro pe an s . He
al so c au se d t o b e h an ge d t wo E u ro pe an o fli c e rs, b ro t h e rs, wh o
wh i le t rav e ll i ng h ad fa l le n i n t o h i s h an ds .

T h e b at t l e of K i rk i e n de d i n th e v ic t o ry of t h e E ng l ish

wh o ex pe c t e d a se c o nd e ng ag e m e n t b e fo re t h e i r re i n fo rc e m e n t s

c o u ld a rri ve o n t h e l ot h , b u t the P e sh wa wou ld n o t v e n t u re

o n a no t h e r b a t t le , an d fl e d fro m P u na o n t h e 1 7 t h o n wh i c h ,

day t h e Bri t ish t o o k posse ssi o n o f t h e c i t y T he . st ri c t e st o rde r

was m ai n t ai n e d, a n d n o pl u n de ri n g wa s allo we d . T h e pu rsu i t

of Baj i R60 an d h is a rm y was un de rt ak e n as soo n as
possib le ,

wh i c h le d to a sh o r t c a m pa ig n a n d a se ri e s o f e x l o i t s, o f whi ch
p
t h e b a t t le o f K o re g ao n on t he ri v e r Bh i m a was t h e m o st c o n
spi c u o u s. T h re e h u n dre d I rre g u lar H o rse a nd a b a t t ali on of

fi ve h u ndre d m e n , wi t h t wo si x -
po u n de rs, m a n ne d b y t we n t y
fo u r E u ro pe an s, fo u nd t h e m se l v e s, aft e r a we ariso m e ni
g h t

m arc h , fac e t o fac e wi t h t we n t y fi -

ve t h ou sand h o rse a nd a

l arg e n u m b er of A ra b m e rc e n ari e s, c o m m an de d b y t h e P e sh wa
i n pe rso n T h e B ri t i sh po si t i o n was a t o n c e a t t a c k e d ( l st
.

J an u ary 1 8 1 8 a nd, t h o u g h t h e so ldie rs an d o ffi c e rs we re h ard

re sse d b o t h fro m fa t ig u e a n d fro m t h e i r i nfe ri o ri t y i n n u m b ers,
p
u n de r C apt ai n Fra n c i s S t au n t o n k e pt t h e P e sh was
'
t h e l i t t le b and
a rm y a t b ay t h e wh o le day P ro b ab ly fe ari ng re i n forc e m e nts
.

fo r t h e E ng li sh t ro o ps, t h e P e sh wa ab an do n e d K o re g ao n du ri ng
t h e n ig h t I n a se c o n d en g a g e m e n t , wh ic h t o o k plac e at
.

P e sh was b ra v e C o m m ande r E ri pa G o k h la fe ll
'
A ssaye ,
t he ,

s wo rd i n h an d . F o rt a ft e r fo rt was t hen t ak e n i n c l u ding

Sh i v éji s t ro n g h o l d o f RAig adh , wh i t h e r BAji

'
s Rao h ad re

c e n t ly se n t h i s wi fe , a nd wh e re hi s v al u ab l e s we re s t o re d.

T h e l ady, on h er ca
pt u re b y t h e E ng li sh , was re m ove d t o P u na
u n de r safe a n d h o n o u rab le e sc o r t . Baj i Rit o fl ed fro m pl ac e t o

p l ac e ,
a n d a t l a s t m ade o v e rt u re s fo r pe a c e , b u t was t o ld t h at
h e h ad, b y h is t re ac h e ro u s c o n du c t , fo rfe i t e d all c l ai m s to c on

s i de rat i o n, an d t h at no t e rm s sh o rt o f u n c on di t i onal surre nder

 2 46

Chapt er X .

at M an d v i an d Bo dh an b y a Bo h ra fan at i c . De at h of

Be h re m an d K l ui n .
T h e fan at i c sl ai n in ac t i o n , a n d

rest o re d to it s c h ie f . A ffai rs i n K ac h h , Bh av n agar,

J u n dgadh , P alan pu r an d Ral dh an pu r .

F R O M 1 8 04 t o 1 8 1 3 A . D .

In A . D . 1 810 a Bo h ra fa n a t i c , n am e d A b du l R e h m an ,

p ro c la i m i n
g h i m s e lf t o b e t h e I m a m M a h d i , c o l l e c t e d a n u m b e r

o f fo l lo we rs, c o n s i s t i n h i fl f B h rac u l t i v a t o rs , a n d a d v anc e d

g c e y o o

a
g i
a n st M an d v i . T h is l i t t le st at e was at t h at t im e u n de r

the l
ru e of a H i n du C h ie f . A b du l t o ok t h e Raj a priso n e r and

k i l le d h i s m i n i st e r . He then pro c e e de d t o Bo dh an , wh e nc e he
se n t le t t e rs on t h e l 0t h an d 1 5th of J an u a ry t o M r C ro we , t he
.

Bri t i sh C h i e f a t S u ra t , c al l i n g o n t h at ofi cer to su l
pp y t h re e

h u n dre d ru pe e s, a n d to e m b rac e t h e M u h a m m a dan fa i t h . Im

p re sse d by su c h b o ldn e ss, num b e rs o f t he lo we r c las s e s o f Ma

h a m m ada n s i n S u ra t j o in e d t he pre t e n de r, wh i le o t h e rs raised

“
t he c ry o f D i n , Di n a n d a ssai l e d th e H i n du i n h ab i t a n t s of
the c ity. M r C ro we. ac c o rdi n g ly se n t de t ac h m e n t s of i n fant ry
a n d c a v a l ry to s u ppre ss t h e fa n a t i c a l u
g,
p iw h
r si ni c h t h e y su c

c e e de d i n do i n g A b du l ,
an d so m e t wo h u n dre d o f h i s fo ll owers
b e i n g s la i n i n a s e v e re e n g a g e m e n t . M an dv i was t h e n t ak en
b y t h e E n g l ish t ro o ps a n d re s t o re d t o i t s C h i e f. 2 2 nd J anu
a ry 1810 I t wa s i n t h is re v o l t t h a t Dh a nji sh a Ba rjo rj i, on

wh o m t h e E m pe ro r o f D e lh i h ad c o n fe r re d t h e t i t le of Be h re m
an d K h an (fo r t u nat e o mc e r) ,
v o l u n t e e re d to ac c o m pan
y t h e de
t ac h m en t i n t he c apac i t y o f na t i ve ag e n t . H e was , ac c ordi ng

to M r. C ro we ,
am ong the fi rs t to c ro ss t he i
r v e r, an d, wh ile en

de av o u ri ng t o t a lk o ve r t h e i n fa t u at e d A b du l, was k i lle d . T he

O wi ng t o fai l u re of m al e h e i rs , M an dv i l apse d t o t h e Bri t i sh i n 1 889,

an d is no w a su b - di v isi on o f t h e Su rat C oll ec t orat e .
 2 47 K Ac nn A rrl ras;

Bri t ish Gove rn m e n t g e n e ro u sly g ran t e d Dh anj t shas wi do w

'
a

ns i o n o f t h re e t h o u san d A rde si r, t h e c e l e b ra t e d
pe ru
pe e s a y e a r.

K o t wal of S u ra t was t h e
, so n o f t h i s d is t i n g u i sh e d of
fi cer .

T h e i m po rt a n t s t at e o f K ac h h was at t h is pe ri o d in a

st a t e o f u t t e r diso rde r an d c o n fu si o n o wi n g t o t h e ra
pac ity of

t wo ri v a l m i n i s t e rs, Fa t e h M u h a m m a d an d H a n s raj ,
an d a l so to

t h e i m b e c i li t y o f R ao B ai dh an I I 1 778 —1 8 03 ) an d t h e i nt e m

pe ra t e h ab i t s of h is s u c c e sso r Rao Bh arm al I I ,

1814
Vi o l e n t de pre da t i o n s a n d pi rac i e s we re b e i ng c o m m i t t e d b y t h e
t u rb u le n t c h a rac t e rs i n K ac h h o n s u b j e c t s u n de r Bri t i sh pro

t e c t io n, t o p re v e n t wh i c h i t b e c a m e n e c e ssa ry to se n d a fo rc e
a
g i
a ns t t hat st a t e , wh ic h t o o k t h e fo r t re ss ofAn j ar o n the 2 5 th

De c e m b e r 1 8 1 5 a nd t he se a po r t o f T u ne . T h e t ro o ps t h e n

m o v e d t o wa rds Bh u j . A t Ldk an d e n vo vs m e t t h e Bri t i sh a

g e nt

C a pt a i n M ac M u rdo on t h e 3 rd of J a n u ary 1 8 1 6, an d on t he

1 4 t h i t was ag re e d t h at c om pe n sa t i o n sh o u ld b e pai d fo r t h e

l osse s i n K at h iawar an d fo r t h e m i li t ary ex pe n se s, t h a t pi rac i es

sh o u ld be re re sse d, t h at fo re ig n e rs o th e r t h an t h e Bri t ish
p no

sh o u l d be al lo we d t o dwe l l i n K ac h h d t h a t t h e C o m pan y s
'

,
an

Ag e n t s h o u ld re si de a t Bh uj fu rt h e r t h a t t h e C o m pan y sh o u ld
e st ab lis h o rde r a t VAg b ad ,
a n d c a u se c e rt a i n t e rri t o ri e s t o be
re s t o re d b y t h e re fr ac t o ry c h i e fs T h e RAO, i n re t u rn , pro m i se d
.

to h a n d o v e r t o t h e Bri t i sh t h e fo rt o f A nj ar an d t we n t y t h re e -

v i l la
g e s, a n d to p y
a a n n u a l ly t wo la c s of k o ri s, eq u al t o fi ft y t wo -

t h o u sa n d se v e n h u n dre d and t we n t y ru
p ees . I n t h e h o pe , h o w
e v e r, o f re v i v i n g t h e pro spe ri t y of t he State , t h is t ri b u t e was s u b

se q u e n t ly re m i t t e d t o g e t h e r wi t h t h e h e a v y c h ar e s
g of t he

ex
pe d i t i o n , a m o u n t i ng to ru
p e e s e ig h t lac s t h i rt e e n t h o u sa n d e i g h t
h u n d re d a n d se v e n t y s i x . T h e Bri t is h
y h av in
g b ro u g h t V
a rmi le

h a d a n d o t h e r pl a c e s u n de r c o m ple t e c o n t ro l C a pt a i n M a c M u rdo
g ,

was a ppo i n t e d t h e fi rst R e si de n t a t Bh uj a n d C o lle c t o r o f A njri r .

J am J asaj i of N awanag ar was also so m e wh at re frac to ry. He

[ Paar 4 . 0mm 2 48

n o t o nl f d t o g ran t lan t o h is b ro t h e r Sat a nd

y re use a
ppan ag e
y , a

i n v o l ve d h i m se lf i n b ro i ls wi t h t h e Bi o of K ac hh , b u t re fu sed

to s u rre nde r t o t h e Bri t is h G o ve rn m e n t an A rab wh o h ad sh o t a

B ri t ish O fli c e r a t G op a n d h ad fl e d fo r ro t e c t i o n t o t h e J é m s fort ’

p
o f M o d h u r A j o i n t a rm f t h B i t i h d t h G a k wéd f
p .
y o e r s a n e e o rc es

ac c o rdi n l m a rc h e d a a i n s t N a wé ma ar, a n d, t he art i ll e ry h aving

g y g g
do n e m u c h e x e c u t io n , the J am e v e n t u a l ly c a m e to re aso n and

e x e c u ted a t re a t y on t he 2 3 rd of F e b ru ary 1 8 1 2 , ag re e i ng to

de li ve r up the m u rde re r a nd h is ac c o m pl i c e s,
t o d e s t ro y t h e

fo rt of M o dh pu r, t o se t t le the c la i m s o f K ac h h , t o gra n t c e rt ai n

v i llag e s i npp a an a
g e t o h i s b ro t h e r, an d t o pay a. su c c e ssion

d u t y o f 2 5 000 r u pe e s t o t h e Gae k wad .

Bh av n a g ar u n de r i ts a b le c h ie f Vak h a t si n gj r p
a p e ars to

h a v e m ai n t a i n e d i t s pro spe rou s c o n di t i o n . In A . D 1 8 1 0 t he

.

C o l le c t o r K a i ra M r By ra m R o l ls, su c c e e de d i n i n du c i n g t he
of , .

c h ie f to n e n h a n c e d a sse ssm e n t i n re ard t o h i s v i l la ges in

p y
a a g
t he Dh an dh u k a Ran pu r
.
,
d G o g h a parg a n as an . . In 1 8 1 3 1 4 in
-

c o n se q u e n c e o f t h e c h i e f h a v i ng pu t t o de a t h c e r t ai n pe rso ns for

k i lli n g a c o w h e was de pri v e d o f c i v i l an d c ri m i n a l ju ri sdic t ion

,
'

i n t h e h u n dre d an d six t e e n v i llag e s o f t h e parg an as ab o v e m en

t i nn e d . T hi s se e m s t o h av e b e e n t h e o n ly o c c asi o n o n wh ic h he
fe ll un de r t h e d ispl e asu re of t h e pa ra m o u n t po we r .

I n t h is st a t e t h e K h u m an K ai t h i s
, of
K u n dla g av e m u c h
.

t ro u b le b e t we en 1 8 2 0 a n d 1 8 2 9 A . D . T h e y pl u n de re d an d b u rnt
se v e ra l v i l la g e s a n d lift e d c a t t le , b u t V aje si ngji pu rsu e d t h e m i n

p e rs o n o n se v e ra l o c c asi o n s a n d e v e n t u ally su c c e e de d, wi t h t he
a id of C a pt a i n Bar n we ll t h e P o li t i c a l A g e n t , i n b ri ng i n g t h e m
,

to o rde r wh e n t h e y we re c o m pe l le d t o s u rre n de r se v e ra l v i l lages

,

t o t he Bhawnag a r Da r b ar i n c om pe n sat i o n fo r i t s l o sse s .

In A D ,
. 1 8 6 6 G o v ern m en t we re pleased t o re st o re c o m pl e t e uril
j
di c t i on t o t h e T h ak or .
[ P aar 4 . cm .

c o nt i n u e d t o m anage t h e affai rs o f t he st a t e . D isagre em ent s,

h o we ve r , sprang u p b e t wee n t h e m , and t h ey we re b o t h su m

m o ne d t o appe ar b e fo re a Bri t ish O fli c e r at S i ddh pu r . T he

i n q u i ry sh o we d t h at Sam sh e r K h é n h ad m ism an ag e d t h e st at e

an d i n c re ase d i t s de b t s . Fo re see i n g t h at t h e de c i si o n wo uld

n ot b e fa v o u rab le t o h i m , h e c ra ft i ly pe rs u ade d Fat e h K han t o
re t u rn to Pal an pu r wi t h ou t le a v e . As a pu n i sh m e n t fo r Fat eh
K h an s c o n du c B ri t ish fo rc e was i P et lan pu r i n
’
t, a se n t a
g a ns t

Oc t o b er 1 8 1 7, wh e n t h e t o wn was assa u l t e d an d t ak e n . O n t h is
Fa t e h R hemis t i t t e d, a n d C a pt ai n M i le s was appo i n t ed
'
o n c e su b m

P o li t ic al S u pe ri n t e n de n t wi t h c om pl e t e c o n t ro l o v e r the St at e
fi n an c e s . S u i t ab le a rra n g e m e n t s we re also m ade fo r t h e li q u i

dat i o n of t he st a t e de b t s .

A t re at y was c onc l u de d wi t h t h e N awab of R adh anpur

on the l 6t h of D ec e m b e r 1 8 1 3 . M arau de rs fro m Si ndh
h av i ng m ade fre q u e n t i n c u rsio n s i n t o t h i s st at e , t h e Nawab ap
l i d f t h i d o f Bri t i sh t roo s T h e se we re se n t i n A D 1 8 1 9,
p e o r e a
p . . .

an d so o n su c c e e de d i n r iddi ng t h e c ou nt y o
r f free -
h oo t e rs . In
A D 1822
. . an an n u a l t rib u t e o f se v e n t e e n t h o u san d ru
pe e s was
i m po se d on C hi e f b y t h e Bri t i sh Go v e rnm e n t , b u t i t was
the

wh o l ly re m i t t e d i n 1 8 2 5 i n c o nside rat io n of t h e i nab il it y o ft he

st a t e t o m e e t t his c h arg e .
 2 51

C HAPT ER XI .

Ev ent s at Baro da Deat h s o f Fat e h si ngh an d A nan d Brio Su c c essio n of ,

S ayaji an d t h e n ew t re at y wi t h h i m S ayztji s failu re t o pay c e rt ai n

’
,

de b t s g u aran t e e d b y t h e Bri t i sh G o ve rn m e n t S e q u e st rat i o n ,

o f c e rt ai n di st ri c t s Di sm issal o f t h e Di wsn V e n i rti m and

.

e st ab l i sh m en t o f fri e n dly re l at i o n s . R ai si n g of t he

G u jarttt I rregul ar H o rse . De at h of Saya

j i .

F RO M 1 8 1 8 to 1 847 A . D .

I t is no w n e c e ssary t o re v e r t to affa i rs a t Baro da T h e . o ve r

t h ro w o f t h e P e sh wa se c u re d g re a t a dv an t ages t o t h e G ae k wad,
o ne o f wh ic h was t h e re m i ssi o n o f t h e an n u al t ri b u t e o f fo u r l ac s
’

o f r u e e s.
p T h e Brit ish G o v e rn m e n t , as su c c e sso r o f t h e Pe sh wa ,

was i n de e d e n t i t le d t o t h i s t rib u t e , b u t i t was re m i tt ed i n c on

si de ra t i o n o f Fat eh si ng Gde k wad h a v i ng aide d t h e Bri t i sh arm y

wi t h a b o dy of t wo t h o u sa n d h o rse u n de r t he ab le G e n e ral
K am al -
u d- di n du ri ng t h e wa r wi t h H o lk ar wh i c h h ad b ro k e n ,

o u t o n c e ssa t i o n o f h ost ili t i es wi t h t h e P e sh wa“

Fa t e h si n gh die d on t h e 2 3 rd of J u ne 1 81 8 at t he e arly a e
g
of t we n t y -
e ig h t y e a rs . H i s y o u n g e r b ro t h e r Sayaji, t h e n o n ly
n i ne t e e n f was a ppo i n t e d R e g e n t t h o u g h Fat e h
y e a rs o ag ,
e

si n g s wi do w Radhab ai o A n an d Rdo s wife T ak h t b ai wer e

’ ’
an d

C R adhti b ai was all o wed to ado pt Go v i n d R tto of the G de k wdd

fam ily as h e r so n , on t he ex pre ss s t i pu l at i o n t h at h e s h o u ld h av e n o c l ai m

t o t h e Baro daG rid i , b u t t h at h e s h o u ld i nh e ri t Fat e h si ngh

’
s i at
pr v e p o
r

p y
e rt o n ly . G o v i n d R tt o h o we v e r, was t e m pt e d t o rai se a dispu t e wh i c h
.

e v e n t u ally re s u l t e d i n an affray b e t we e n h i s m e n and t h o se o f S a s i o n

y j
t h e 2 2 n d o f J u ly 1 8 2 9 G o v ind M 0 was c o m pelle d t o t ak e re fu ge i n a
.

h o u se n e ar t h e R e s i de n c y He re b e was b lo c k ade d fo r ab o u t six m o nt h s

°

b y t h e G ae k wad s m e n , wh e n t h e G o v ern o r, S i r J o h n M al c o lm , s et t le d
’

t h e dispu t e , A D 1 8 30, and G o v i nd R ao was s e nt fi rst t o S urat o n a

. .

fi x e d al lo wanc e , and t h e n c e t o A h m adab a

d as a st at e pri so n e r, Fro m 1 8 3 5
t i ll 1 8 5 7 h e i n A h m adab ad, b u t i n t h e lat t e r year was h an ded
re m ai ne d

o ver t o t h e Gae k wad s Go v ernm e n t o n h i s b e ing det ec t ed i n sec ret c or

'

respo nde n ce wi t h Bri t ish t roo ps du ring t h e m u t i ny

l .
[ P aar 4 . ou r . 2 52

n ot i n fav o u r of hi s n o m i n at i on , i nasm u c h as i n h i m t h ey sa w
ab i lit ie s t o r u le i n de pe n de n t ly of t h e m se l v e s . A n an d R 60 also
di e d on t h e 2 nd of O c t ob e r 1 8 1 9, a n d, as T ak lrt b é i wa s not h is
l e g i t i m a t e wi fe , h i s c h i ld re n b y h e r we re passe d o v e n, a n d Sayaji
was t h u s c o n fi rm e d i n t h e su c c essi o n .

T h o u g h t h e G ae k wa
d was m u c h i n de b t e d t o t h e Bri t i sh
G o v e rn m e n t fo r t h e pre se rv a t i o n o f h i s pri n c i pali t y, a n d t h ou gh
v er
y m u c h h a d b e e n do n e fo r i t s i m p r o v e m e n t d u ri n g C o l o n el
A le x an de r W al k e r s adm i n i s t ra t i o n S aydji R640 appe ars t o h ave
’

l arg e ly fo rg o t t e n h i s de b t o f o b l ig at i o n s d u ri n g t h e y e ars of
e ac e t h a t fo ll o we d F l i h i i t i s ec u re a a i n st all
g
p e e n
g . s po s o n

e n e m i e s, h e o ft e n v e n t u re d t o se t a t de fi an c e t h e ad vi c e b o t h of

t h e R e side n t an d of t h e Bri t i sh G o v e rn m e n t .

As e arly as A D . . 1 8 20 the G o ve rn m e n t of t h e Ri gh t
H o no u rab le M o u n t st u art E lph i n s t o n e t o o k i n t o c o n si de rat i on

t he di e nc v o f re l ax i ng t h a t a b so l u t e di re c t i o n of t h e in
ex pe

G ae k wad s G o v e rn m e n t wh i c h h ad b eco m e
’
t e rnal afl ai rs ofthe
'

n e c e ssary du ri n g t h e i m b e c ili t y of A n an d Rao I n t h at year,

.

t h e G o v e rn o r v i si t e d Baro da, an d c e r t ai n fre sh st i pu l a t i o n s were

e n t e re d i n t o, t h e c h ie f of whi c h we re t h e fo llo wi n g t h re e

1 . T h a t wi t h re fe re n c e t o t h e i n t e rn al m an ag e m ent

o f h is st at e , t h e G ae k wad sh o u l d h ave pl e n a ry po we rs, b u t

t h at t h e g u aran t e e ex t e n de d t o c e r t ai n b an k e rs, m i nist ers

a n d o t h e rs sh o u l d b e m ai n t ai n e d, an d t h e R e si de n t sh ou ld

b e m ade ac
q u ai n t e d wi t h t h e e s t i m at e d ex
pe n d i t u re of

t h e ye ar, sh o u l d h av e ac c e ss to a c c o u n t s, an d sh o u ld be
c o n su l t e d re a rdi n
g g an y e x t rao rdi n ary o u t la
y .

2 . T ha t al l fo re i g n affai rs sh o u l d re m ai n u n de r t he
e x c l u si v e m a n ag e m e n t o f t h e Bri t i sh G o v e rn m e n t .

3 . T h at t h e Gae k wad sh o u ld c h o o se h i s o wn M i ni st er
a ft e r c o n su l t a t i o n wi t h t h e R esiden t , an d t h at t h e l at t er
sh o u ld re t ain t h e power o f adv i c e .
[Paar 4 0m m 1 L] . 2 54

Lord Clare , t h e ne w G ov e rnor of Bo m b ay, v i si t e d Baroda

i n N o ve m b e r 1 8 3 1 and M arc h 1 8 3 2 , on wh i c h o c c asi o ns t he

b ank e r -
c re di t o rs o f t h e Gae k wad h av i n g ag re e d to r e l e ase the

Bo m b ay G o v e rn m e n t fro m i t s g u aran t e e s, an d Sayéji h avi ng

c o n se n t e d t o de po si t t e n l ac s o f ru
pe es fo r paym e n t of t he

G ae k wad s C o n t ig e n t i n t h e of h i s m o n t h ly pay m e n t s
’
e ve nt

fa l l i n g sh o rt t h e , q
se u e st ra t e d dist ri c t s we re r e st o re d
i n April
1 832 . Thus a m i c a b le re l at i o n s we re ag ai n re st o re d, a t l e as t fo r

t h e t im e, an d at t he e nd o f 1 8 35 M r W i ll i am s, t h o u g h
. st ill

h o l di n g of
fi c e as P o li t i c al C o m m i ssio n e r i n G ujarat ,
ag a i n t ook
up h is re side n c e i n Baro da .

T h e M i ni st e r Ve n iram A di t ram di d n ot , h o we v e r, al lo w
e rfe c t c o nc o rd t o pre v ail, and, ac t i n u n de r his advi c e , Say a i
p g j
fa i le d t o c arry o u t se ve ral of h is e n g age m e n t s. T h e M i n i st er
e ve n c a u se d t h e h ands of a G arasia n am e d P u nj a J o raji,
. a

Bri t i sh su b e c t ,j to be c u t o ff fo r t h e so l e re aso n t h at h e h ad b e en

p re ss in g h i s G e rda de m ands . H e also a t t ac h e d t he e st a t e o f t h e

D e sai o f N avsrt ri M anc h e rj r K h arse dj i wh o

, ,
j
e n oye d a Bri t ish
’
g u ara n t e e . A Van i ab ro k e r, . nam ed Va lab h das M ane k c h a n d, was
dri v e n t o c o m m i t s u i c i de in c o n se q u e nc e of t he o
ppressi o n to

wh i c h h e was j
s u b e c t e d, an d, as Sayrtji t u rn e d a de af e ar t o t he
re m o n st ran c e s al i k e of the P o l i t i c al C o m m issio ne r an d o f t he

B om b ay Go v e rn m e n t , t h e la t t e r, as a warn i ng , se
q u e s t ra t e d t he
di st ri c t of N a v sari i n Fe b ru ary 1 8 3 8 , an d t h re at e n e d t o depose

Sayaj i i n fav o u r of h is so n . T he se q u e st rat i on of Pe t lad fol

l o we d i a N o v e m b e r , an d i n Fe b ru ary 1 8 3 9 t h e Go ve rn m e n t of

I n dia c au se d i t t o b e pu b li c ly n o t ifi e d t h at b y h is c o n du c t t he
G ae k wad h ad fo rfe i t e d al l c l ai m t o t h at t o wn .

T h e se de c i si v e m easu re s, t og e t h er wi t h t h e de posi t i o n of t he

R eja o f S at ara fo r s i m i l ar c o n t u m ac y, e v e n t u allyb ro u gh t Sayaji

t m b l fram e o f m i n d, an d ac c ordi ngl t h 2 8 t h
o a o re re aso n a e y o n e
 2 55 F ares T REATY.

of N ove m b er 1 8 39, h e we n t t o t h e R esi de nc y, b e gge d fo rg iv e

n ess fo r al l h i s
pas t c o n t u m ac
y an d e n t e re d i n t o fre sh ag ree

m e nt s . T he ob no x i o u s M i n i st e r V e ni rdm was di sm i sse d on t he

sa m e day , an d t h e M ah araja pro m ised t h at h e wo u ld no t h av e

an
y fu r t h e r c o m m u ni c a t i o n wi t h h i m .

On t h e 2 6t h o f J an u ary 1 8 4 1 t he G o v e rn or, Si r Ja m e s
C arn ac , c am e t o Ba ro da . A fre s h g
a re e m e n t , sa t i sfac t o ry t o a l l,

was t h e n e n t e re d i n t o, an d t he se q u e st ra t e d dis t ric t s of Pe t lad

an d N av sari we re r e s t o re d on t h e Gae k wad agree i n g n o t to m o

le st any pe rs o n wh o h ad c o m pl a i n e d ag a i n s t h im . T h e de po s i t
o f ru t e n lac s l dy m e n t i o ne d was also re fu n de d t o h i m
pe es a re a .

T h e m a i n t e n an c e o f t h e b o dy o f I rre g u l ar C a v a l ry ,
c om m o n ly

k n o wn i n A h m adab ad as t h e R isalao r t h e G ujarat I rre g u lar Ho rse ,

,

wh ic h h ad b e e n ra i se d i n M arc h 1 8 39 as a pu n ish m e n t to t he

Gae k wa
d, an d h ad si n c e b e e n a c h arg e o n t he re v e n u es o f P e t lad ,

was ,
h o we v e r, c o n t i n u e d, an d S ayaji ag re e d t o pay an n u al ly

fo r i t s su ppo rt t h re e l ac s o f r u pe e s . T h i s b o dy c o n sist e d o f si x

h u n dre d and e ig h t y h o rse m e n wi t h a c o m pl e m e n t o f o ffi c e rs.

O ppo rt u n i t y was also t ak e n of t h is ne w a

g re e m e n t t o do a way
wi t h t h e prac t i c e o f re q u i ri ng Bri t ish o ffi c e rs at Baroda t o t ak e

pa rt i n t he re l i
g i o u s pro c e ss i o n s of the D asara , an d t h o se i n

h o no u r of G a n pa t i . T h e G ae k wad also pro m i se d t o pro h i b i t

t h ro u g h o u t h is do m i n io n s t h e prac t i c e o f Sa t i ( se l f i m m o l at i o n

of wido ws ), an d o n t he 1 3th of A pril 1 8 4 0 i ssu ed a n o t i fi c at i o n

m ak i n g ab e t m e n t o f Sat i a pe n al o ffe n c e . T h is n o b l e e x am ple

was soon fo llo we d b y t h e c h i efs of R e wa K ant h a .

I n sh ort t h e t re at y o f 1 8 4 0e st ab l ish e d t h ose friendly fe e lings

wh ic h st ill e x ist b e t wee n t h e t wo G o v e rn m e n t s, an d wh i c h h av e
c on t ri b u t e d so largly t o t h e h appi ne ss of t h e ir su b e c t s j . A ft e r

t he c on c l u si o n of t h e se ag re e m e n t s S ayaj r ru le d i n pe ac e fo r
se ve n years . He di e d on t he 1 9 th o f Dec e m b e r 1 8 47, b e lo ved
[ PAR T 4 C nar l l
. . .
] 256

b y h i s pe o ple . T h o u gh fo r a t im e h e h ad pl ac e d h i m se lf i n
o ppo si t i o n t o t he v ie ws o f t h e Bri t ish G o v e rn m e n t , m o st o f h is

c o n t e n t i o n s adm it t e d o f reaso n ab le ex pl an at i o n , an d t h e g oo d
se n se an d j u s t ic e of t he Bri t i sh G o ve rn m e n t , c o u pl e d wi t h
S ayaji s
’
re t u rn to su b m i ssi o n , se c u re d t o h im al l t h at h e c ou ld

re aso n a b ly h av e ex
p ec te d .H is h ig h m o ral c h arac t e r i s st i ll h e ld
in re m e m b ra n c e . In P e t lad t h e st o ry i s t o ld t h a t o n o n e o c c a
si o n , se e i n g ab e a u t i fu l g i rl pass al o n g t h e ro ad n e ar t h e palac e ,
o ne o f h i s so ns e x c l a i m e d Lo , h o w l o ve ly sh e i s
, wh e n S ayaji
“
u ie t l l i d Y s, a n d so i s o u r m i f h i
q y p ree e, n a n
g o n e o s

o wn d a u g h t e rs t h u s g i v i n g t h e
, pri n c e t o u n de rs t an d t h a t t h e

u n k n o wn g i rl sh o u l d b e re g arde d as a s ist e r .
 [ P aa r 4 C x . Ar l 2. .
] 2 58

N at i v e ag e n t an d o f t h e Gae k wad s m i n i st e r C o n
'
t h e R e side n t
’
s .

e eq u e n t o n t h e de t e c t i o n a nd e x po s u re b y t h i s e n e rg e t i c R e side n t
o f s e ve ra l l o n g st au d i ng i n t rig u e s, t h e c o n t ro l o f Ba ro da a ffa i rs was
t e m po ra ri ly t ran sfe rre d fro m t h e Go v e rn m e n t of Bo m b ay t o t h e
S u pre m e G o v e rn m e n t i n A D 1 8 5 4 . . . T h is c o n t ro l wa s, h o we ve r,
re s t o re d t o t he Bo m b ay G o v e rn m e n t i n 1 8 60 u n de r o rde rs fro m

t he H o m e G o v e rn m e n t .

T he c o n st r u c t io n o f t he fi rs t
po rt i o n o f t h e Bo m b ay, Baroda

and C e n t ral I ndi a R a i l way wa s com m e nc e d d u ri n g t h i s pe ri o d .

T h e S t a t e , h o we v e r h ad ,
no
p ar t in t hi s g re a t u n de r t ak i n cr T he .

re
q u i si t e la n d was g ra n t e d on c o n di t i o n t h at p ri v a t e o wne rs
sh o u l d re c e i v e m e n t i n fu l l, d t hat t he G ae k wad sh o u ld
p y
a an

be c o m pe nsa t e d
“ i n fu ll fo r
’
t he l o ss of t ran si t du t i e s, t he
a m ou n t o f t h e l a t t e r b e i n g de t e r m i n e d fro m ye a r t o y e a r .

A ft e r a sh o r t b u t pe ac e fu l re ig n o f n i n e ye a rs G an pat R60 ,

di e d on t he l 9 t h o f N o ve m b e r 1 8 5 6, l e a vi ng n o m a l e i ssue .

H i s yo u n g e r b ro t h e r K h a n de R ao ac c or di n g ly s u c c e e de d hi m . It
was o n ly a fe w m o n t h s a ft e r t he a c c e ss i o n of t h is p ri n c e t h at
the m u t iny b ro k e out i n t h e Be n g a l a rm
y, and e x t e n de d m o re

or l e ss t o o th er
p ar t s o f I n di a t h o u g h h appi ly i n
,
o n ly a sl i
gh t

de g re e t o G uj a rat . A t t h i s t i m e K h an d e R 60, t o t h e c re di t o f

h is j u dg m e u t b e i t sa i d, r i g h t ly i de n t i fi e d h is i n t e re st s wit h
t h o se o f t h e B ri t ish G o v e r n m e n t T h e t ro o ps o f h i s c o n t i n g e nt
.

we re k e pt i n an e ffi c i e n t s t a t e , an d b e i n g j u dic i o u sl y di s t ri b u t ed
in v ari o u s
po rt i o n s o f h is do m i n i o n s, c o n t ri b u t e d in a
g reat

m e a s u re t o wards pre se rv i n g t h e pu b l ic t ra n q u i l li t y .

F o r h i s l o yal t y a n d u n s we r v i n g a t t ac h m e n t K h an de Rdo was

it I n 1 8 77, wh e n t h e B ri t i sh G o v e rn m e n t de t e rm i ne d t o ex t e n d t he
R ai lway t o R ajpu t ana, t h i s c l ai m t o i n de m n i t y was wi t h drawn du ri ng t he
adm i n i st rat i on o f Si r T . M adh av R ao i n c o nside rat i on o f t h e v est adven

t ag es t h e Railway had sec ure d t o t h e G ae k wad, and the c onse q ue nt ia

c re ase i n C ust o m du t i e s .
 259 T a x Barre n M . o rt ar.

am ply re warde d b y t h e Bri t i sh G o v e rn m e nt wh o we re ple ase d ,

to re m i t , wi t h r e t ro s
pe c t i v e e ffe c t fro m t h e da t e o f h i s ac c e ssi o n,

t he a n n u al
pa
y m e nt m a de b y t h e G ae k wad o f t h e su m o f t h re e
l ac s o f ru
pe es t o wa rds t h e m a i n t e n an c e of t h e Gu j arat I rre g u la r
H o rse wh i c h
, ,
as m e n t io n e d i n t h e fo re g o i n g pag e s, h ad b e e n
st a t i o n e d a t A h m a dab ad e v e r s i n c e 1 8 39 K h an de Rao was also
.

p re s e n t e d wi t h t h e M o rc h dl ,
a ro y a l e m b le m c o nsi s t i n
g of a fan o f
pe a c o c k fe a t h e rs ,
a nd was fu r t h e r em po we re d t o ado pt e co n . In
t he S a n ad da t e d 1 1 t h D e c e m b e r 1 8 6 2 c o n fe rr i n
g t h i s r ig h t on t he
“
Gae k wad h e i s s t y le d H i s H i g h n e ss t h e M ah ér‘
, jé o f Baroda
”
.

K h an de R ao no w t u rn e d h i s e n e rg i e s t o wa rds t h e i n t ro du c
t io n o f re fo rm s i n h is s t a n di n g a r m y . He a ls o t o ok i n h an d
se v e ral
p b li c wo rk
u s t h e m os t n o t a b l
, e o f wh i c h was a R a i l way
fro m M iag am t o D a b h o i , a di s t a n c e o f t we n t y m ile s, o n t h e v e ry
n a rro w g au ge o f t wo fe e t s i x i nc h e s, c o n st r u c t e d i n 1 8 72 7 3 -
at

a c o st of u pwa rds o f fo u r l ac s o f r u pe e s . Fo r so m e t im e it was

u se d a s a k i nd of t ra m way, b u t e v e n t u al ly t h e m a n ag e m e n t was
g i ve n o ve r t o t h e Bo m b ay, Ba ro da an d C e n t ral I n di a R a i lway
C o m pa n y ,
and D ab h o i h as no w b ec o m e t he j u n c t io n o f t h re e im

p o rt a n t l i n e s, wh i c h wi ll b e m e n t i o n e d fu rt h e r on .

Be i ng m u c h de v o t e d t o m an ly e x e rc ise s an d t h e c h ase , K h a n de

Rao c a u se d a pa la c e to b e e re c t e d a t M ak arpu ra n e ar h i s de e r

p a rk . W h i le i n Bo m b ay h e , e n do we d s e v e ra l e du c a t i o n al i nst i t u
t i o n sa n d m a de t h e pri n c e ly g i ft o ft wo l ac s o f r u pe e s t o wa rds t h e
of t h e S a i lo r s H o m e , and o ne l ac a n d e ig h t y t h o u sa n d
’
b u i ld i n g
ru
p e es t o wards a st a t u e of Quee n V i c t o ri a . I n pri v a t e l i fe
h e was ra t h e r o v e r- l ib e ra l, a n d, in o rde r to m e e t h i s la v i sh e x

p e n di t u re , h a d t o i m po se h e a vy t a x es on h is j
su b e c t s . He i s
sa id t o h ave nt a l ac o f r u pe e s o n a c h ada r, o r sh e e t , ri c h l
s
pe y
b e de c k e d wi t h j e we ls ,
to b e se n t t o M e di na
. to b e plac e d . on

t h e t o m b o f t h e pro ph e t . O win g h o we v e r , t o h i s deat h, it

[ Paar 4 0m m 1 2
.
] 2 60

doe s n ot a
ppe ar t o h av e b e e n se n t . He was t h e fi rst t o c au se

t h e C i vi l and C ri m i n al P roc e du re C o de s an d o t h e r laws t o b e

c o difi e d ac c o rdi ng t o the re g u l a t i o n s o f t h e Bri t ish Go v e rnm e nt .

He al so t rie d t o i n t ro du c e se v e ra l re fo rm s b o t h i n t h e R e v e nu e
an d J u di c ia l D e pa rt m e n t s ,
and de si g ne d pu b li c wo rk s o n a n e x
t e nsi v e sc al e . H i s m i n ist e rs we re , h o we v e r, c o m parat i v e ly n u
e du c at e d m e n, an d o wi ng to t h e ab se n c e o f c o - o pe rat i o n on

t h e i r part , an d a ls o t o h is wan t of pe rse v eran c e in t he p j

ro e c t s

h e t o ok i n h and, K h an de R60 fai le d t o ac c o m pl ish m uch t h at

h e h ad de si red t o se e do n e . S t i ll, t h e b e gi n n i n g m ade b y h i m
se rv e d t o po i n t t h e way t o m ore so lid re form s an d t o g re at e r,

ac hi e ve m e n t s u n de r fu t u re adm i ni st rat i on s.

In addi t i o n to the e x c i t e d st at e of t he c ou nt ry c au se d by
t h e m u t i ny i n ot her par t s o f I n di a, t h e li t t le pro vi nc e o f Ok h d
m andal, b o rde ri ng on the R an o f K ac hh , whi c h at h is re q u est
h ad b e e n m ade o ve r Gde k wad b y t h e Bri t i sh G o ve rn
t o t he

m e nt o wi ng t o t he re u t e d san c t i t
p y o f t h e t e m pl es at Be t an d
D wark a, b e c am e a so u rc e o f c o nside rab le t ro u b le . I n F e b ru ary
1 8 58, on t h e pre t e n c e t h at t he ir al lo wan c es we re n o t re u larly
g
pai d, t he W Ag h e rs i nh ab i t i ng t h at pro v i nc e ro se in arm s ag ai nst

t h e Gae k wad, an d t o ok po sse ssi on o f Be t fro m t h e S i b andi .

A Bri t ish de t ac h m e n t u n de r Lie u t e n an t Bart on , h o we v e r, soon

re pu l se d them , a n d res t o re d Be t t o t h e Gae k wad A fe w m o n t hs .

l at e r, h o we ve r, on h eari ng of the m u t i ny, t h ey ag ai n rose

in a rm s, re g ai n e d b o t h Be t a nd D wark a , and ex pe lle d t he

G aek wad s fi c e rs fro m O k h am an dal

’
of . K h ande Rao Gde k wéd,
se e i ng t h at h i s wn Si b an di was di safi wi se ly plac e d t he
'

o e c t e d,

m i li t ary afi ai rs o f t h i s t ro u b le so m e l i t t le pro v i n c e i n t h e h ands

'

of t h e Bri t ish an d a c am paig n e n su e d i n wh i c h Be t was re t ak en

, ,

on t h e 6 t h, an d D wark a o n t h e 3 l st o f O c t ob er 1 8 5 9 . The war ,

h owev er, di d n ot c om e to an end u nt il 1 8 t h Dec em b er 1 859,

 2 62

C HA P T E R XI I I
6
M alh r R6o s
’
ac c e ss i o n . H is an t e c e de n t s . H i s m is ru l e A ppo i n t m e n t
C o m m i ss i o n of i n q u i ry an d i t s de c i s i o n M r D6d6b h 6i N au ro z ji s
’
a . .

appo i n t m e n t as l ) i w6u . D i re c t c o n t ro l ag ai n assu m e d b y the

M alh 6r R 6o i
’
S u pre m e G o v e rnm e n t , s at t e m pt t o p o s o n

t h e Re s i de n t C o lo n e l P h ay re , h i s a rre s t an d t ri al .

F R OM 1 8 70 t o 1 8 75 A . D .

K h a n de R6 0 l e ft no m a l e i ss u e , an d was c o n se
q u e n t ly s u c

c e e de d b y h i s y o u n g e r b ro t h e r M al h 6 r R6 0 . T he sh o rt re ig n o f

t h e la t t e r wa s fra u g h t wi t h e v i l, an d wo u ld h a v e b ro u g h t to a

c l o se t he r u le o f t h e G 6e k w6d, h ad i t no t b ee n fo r t h e m o de ra
t io n of the Bri t ish G o v e rn m e n t an d the r ig h t o f ado pt i o n ac

c o rde d t o K h an de R 60 i n re c o g n i t i o n o f h i s l oyal c o n du c t du ri ng
t he m u t in
y . P ri o r t o h is a c c e ssi o n t o t h e t h ro n e , M alh 6 r R 60
h ad b e e n s u s pe c t e d o f c o m l i i t i n an at te m t d i f f t h
p c y p e r s n
g o e

K o li s of B ij 6pu r a n d o t h e r pla c e s du ri n g t h e m u t i ny, wh o se

ob ecj t was t o pl u n de r A h m a d6b 6d a nd t o de po se K h an de R 6 0 .

H a ppily t h e pl o t d i d n o t su c c e e d, a n d a l t h o u g h the ri n
g l e ade rs,

M ag a n Bh u k h a n , P 0t d6 r o f S h i v r6 m K ad u s
’
P 6g6 , and J e t h6
M o di , we re b lo wn fro m g u n s, an d o t h e rs we re su i t ab ly
pu n i sh e d,

n o s t e ps we re t ak e n a g a i n st M u lh 6r R6 0, wh o was t h e n c on

si de re d t o o we a k t o b e da n g e ro u s . I n 1 8 63 h e t rie d t o t ak e
K h a n de R 6o li fe b y o i so n , a n d was t h at o c c as i o n
’
s so rc e ry o r p on

c o n fi ne d i n t h e fo r t at F6dr6 as a st a t e p ri so ne r. I n 1 8 67 a

fre sh c o n spi ra c y wa s di sc o v e re d, an d o n e of t h e pe rso n s c on

c e rn e d i n t h e pl o t was t ro dde n t o de at h u n de r t h e fe e t o f a n
l h t T h i l m d f u n i sh m n t was, h o we ve r a b o
e e p a n . s c r u e o e o p e ,

l i sh e d t h a t sa m e ye ar at t h e i n st an c e o f Si r Bart le Fre re , t h e n
G o ve rn o r of Bo m b ay .

M alh 6r R60 t h u s , su dde n l

y e l e v at e d fr o m a
pri so n t o t he
t h ro n e , sh o we d at fi rst a di spo si t i o n t o r u le wit h c le m e nc y, b ut
he so o n se t hi m se lf t o t ak e v e ng e anc e o n hi s de c e ase d b rot h e r s
’
 M Ra o s M t
’ ’
2 63 ALHAB rsav r .

m i n i s t e rs an d adv ise rs . R e le asi ng t h ose wh o we re fe ri ng

su f

i m pr iso n m e n t fo r i i ag ai n s t K h an de R 60 s l i fe , b e
’
c o ns
p c ast
r n g
t h e m i n i s t e r Bh 6u S h i n de i n t o pri so n wh e re a ft e r b e i n g su b , ,

j ec ted to re a t i n d i n i t i e s h d i d t h 1 8 t h f M a y 1 8 7 2
g g e e o n, e o
'
b y po iso n , su s
pe c t e d t o h av e b e e n a dm i n is t e re d b y M alh 6r R6o s

o rde rs . H is fa m i ly wa s a lso st ri
pp d e of i t s we a l t h . Se v e ra l
o th er i nst a n c e s ofo
pp re ssi o n a n d m i s r u l e o c c u re dT o pu t a .

c he c k t o t h e g ro wi ng e v i l, t he G o v e rn m e n t t h o u g h t i t pro pe r
to a
ppo i nt as R e s ide n t C o l o n e l R P h ay re , C B . . . T h is o ffi c e r

m i sde e ds, a C o m m i ss io n
’
h a v i ng ex
po se d s o m e o f M a lh 6 r R 6o s

was pp a o in te d b y G o v e r n m e n t t o i n q u i re i n t o t h e a lle g a t i o n s
a a i n st h i m
g . T h e C o m m issi o n , a ft e r a pa t i e n t i n q u i ry e x t e n

di n g fro m t h e l 0t h of N o ve m b e r t o 2 4 th De c e m b e r 1 8 73 , h e ld

t he c h a rg e o f m is m a n ag e m e n t to be s u b st a n t i a t e d . I t was a lso

p ro v e d t hat se v e ra l p p
e o le h ad b e e n g ro ssl
y i l l t re a t e d,
- an d t hat
m an v wo m e n o f re s
pe c t a b le po s i t i o n h ad b e e n fo rc i b ly dis
’
h o n o u re d i n M al h 6 r R 6o s se rag li o .

U n de r t h e se c i rc u m s t a n c e s t h e Vi c e ro y, u n wi lli n g t o t ak e

M a lh 6 r R6 0 t wo ye a rs tim e to re fo rm
'
ex t re m e m e as u re s,
g a v e

h is adm i n i st ra t i o n , an d warn e d h i m t h a t fa i lu re t o do so wo u ld
i s s u e i n h is de po sa l M a lh 6 r R 60 wa s a lso ask e d t o di s m i ss
.

n t a m i n ist e r t o b e se
'

c e r t a i n o b n o x i o u s o fi i c e rs a n d t o a o i
pp ,

le c t e d b y t h e Bo m b ay G o v e r n m e n t .

T h e G 6e k w6d, h o we v e r, d id n o t h i m se l f h e ar t i ly t o efi ec t
'

se t

t he re fo r m s s u g g e s t e d, a n d c on tent ed h i m se lf wi t h a
ppo i n t in
g
4 t h A u g u st 1 8 7 4 ) as m i n is t e r M r D6d6 b h 6i N a u ro z j i
.
,
a dis
t i n g u ish e d an d h ig h ly e du c a t e d P 6rsi g e n t le m an o f Bo m b ay .

W i t h t he a ss i s t a n c e o fse v e ra l i n t e ll ig e n t a n d e x pe ri n c e d o ffi c e rs

o f the Bo m b ay G o v e rn m e n t ,
M r. D6d6b h6i a ppl i e d h i m se l f

r i g o ro u s ly t o h is t a s k , b u t C o lo n e l Ph ay re , t h e R e side n t , se e m s

t o h a ve do u b t e d M r D6d6 b h 6i .
’
s c a pab ili t i e s, a nd a lso wh e t h e r
M al h 6r R60 wo u ld ac c o r d h i m t he re q u isi t e powe rs M r . . D6dd
[ P ART 4 . cm . 2 64

b hai appe ars t h u s

" t o h ave b ee n c onsi de rab ly h am pe re d, and

t he re la t io n s b e t we e n t h e Gae k wad an d t h e R e side n t b e cam e

m ore st ra i n e d . T he V i c e roy, h o we ve r, on l earn i ng of t h e se
di fl e re n c e s, was o f Opi n i o n t h at a c h an e o f
g R e si de n t wo u ld re

m o v e fro m t h e Gae k wad al l c au se o f c o m lai n t , an d a c c o rdi n

p l
g y
on t h e 2 5 t h N o ve m b e r 1 8 74 be ap o i n t e d
p C o lo n e l S i r Le wis
P e lly Spe c ia l C o m m issi o n e r a nd A g e n t t o t h e Go v e rn o r G e n e ral
fo r Ba ro da wh ic h was t h u s a se c o nd t i m e plac e d
, u n der t he
c o n t ro l o f t h e S u re m e G o v e rn m e n t
p .

M a t t e rs h o we v e r
, , c am e to a c ri si s a t t he
1 8 74: b y c lo se o f

t h e di sc o v e ry o f a rse n i c in t he sh a rb a t o f po m e l o u i c e
j pre -

p a re d fo r C o lo n e l Ph a
y re b y h i s s e rva n t S u b se
q u e n t i n
q u i r i e s .

h a v i n g a ro u se d su s pi c io n t h a t M alh ar R ao was a part y t o t h is

a t t e m pt a t po i so ni n ,
g t h e Vi c e ro y de t e rm i n e d t o s u spe n d h im
fro m po we r an d t o pu t h i m on h i s t ri al b e fo re a c om m ission

com po se d o f i n de pe nde n t an d u n b ia sse d g e n t le m e n

‘
l
‘
. Orde rs
we re t h e re fo re issu e d t o S i r Le wi s P e l ly t o arre s t M alh 6r Rao,
wh ic h was e ffe c t e d i n so j u dic io u s a m a n ne r t h at no dist u rb a nc e
or h o st i le de m o n st ra t i o n was a t t e m pt e d M r Dadé b h Ai h ad, . .

i n t h e m e an t i m e , re s ig n e d, an d t h e m a n ag e m e n t o f t h e Baroda
a fi a i rs was a t o n c e ass u m e d b w P
‘

y S i r L e i s e l ly .

'
M r S o rab j i J ah an g i rj i
.
’
s sh o rt sk e t c h t h e R e prese nt at i ve M en
of

of I n dia sh o ws t h at t h e G o v e rnm e nt o f I n di a h ad, i n a sh o rt

. den .

pat c h t o t h e H o m e G o v e rnm e n t , m e n t i o n e d M r , Dédéb h éi an b e i ng

h o n est ly des i ro u s o f re fo rm i ng t h e adm i n i st rat io n and Si r L . Pe lly
h as g i v e n h i m fu l l c re di t fo r t h e pu rgi ng o f c o rru pt i o n i n th e C i vil and
C ri m i nal adm i n i st rat i o ns M r Dadab h ai was su b se q u ent ly c h m n as
, ,

h o f Bo m b a
’

add i t i o n al m e m b e r o f t h e C o u nc i l o f t e G o v e rn o r
y fo r maki ng

Laws an d R e g u lat i o ns A t t h e G e n e ral El e c t i o n

. of 18 92 , he was re
t u rn e d as a M e m b e r o f P arl i am e n t fo r t h e b o ro u gh o f Fi nsb u r
y .

1 T h e m e m b e rs of t h i s C o m m i ssi o n we re :

1 . S i r R i c h ard C o u c h , C h ie f J u s t i c e of t h e Hi gh
P real de nt
C o u rt o f C al c u t t a "

2 . S i r R i c h ard M e ade ,
3 ,
P H M e l v i ll , E s q u i re
, . .

T h e M ans ajaSi ndh i a T h e M am as o r Jay pur

'

4 ,
. 5 . .

6 ,
S i r Di nk ar 1350, M i n ist er of H , H . Ji flji rfi v, M ah i rfi jli of
G wali or ,
[ P a r 4 cm . . 2 66

ac c e ssi o n H is H igh n e ss M alh ar RAo, h i s n ot ori o u s m is

of

c o n du c t h i s g ro ss m i s m an a e m e n t a n d h i s e v iden t i n c a ac i t t
g p y o
-
,

c arry o n re fo rm s , t he st e p was i m pe rat i v e ly c a l le d fo rt h He

was ac c o rdi ng ly de po rt e d t o M ad ras on t h e 2 2 nd of A pri l 1 8 75
u n de r t he su r v e i lla n c e o f a E u ro pe an m e dic al fi c er
of S ix days
.

aft e r t h is, was Raes so n b y

'
an at t e m
pt m ade to se a t M a lhar
Lak sh m i b é i on t h e t h ro n e . T he c ity g at es we re c l o se d b y t he
i n s u rg e n t s ; t h e A g e n t h o we v e r q u i e t ly de spa t c h e d a m i l i t ary
, ,

fo rc e , wh i c h i m m e d ia t e ly pu t do wn t h e dis t u rb a n c e A ft e r t h i s .

La k sh m i b é i an d her so n we re a ls o se n t to M a dré s t o re si de wi t h
t he ex i le d M a l h ar R é o . Lak sh m i b ai i s sa i d to h av e b e e n t h e
wi fe of a
p oo r la b o u re r re sid i n
g i n B ri t i sh t e rr i t o r , b u t M al h6r
y
R ao c a u se d h e r t o b e t ak e n t o h i s h are m . T h e i nj u re d h u sb and
c o m pla i n e d t o t h e R e s i de n t C o lo n e l P h ayre , b u t , wh i le i n q u i ry
was pro c e e di n g M a lh ér , Rao we n t t h ro u g h t h e fo rm o f m arri age
wi t h h e r a t N av sari o n t h e 7 t h of M ay 1 8 7 4 . T h e R e si de n t , i n
ac c o rdan c e wi t h o rde rs fro m G ov e rn m e n t , ab se n t e d h i m se l f fro m
t h e fe st i vi t i e s . O n t h e l 6 t h o f D ec e m b e r Lak sh m i b ai gav e b i rt h
to a so n, wh o m , h o we v e r , t he G o v e rn m e n t r i g h t ly re fu se d to

ac k n o wl e dg e as t h e G ae k wad s h e i r
’
.

T h e B ri t ish G o ve rn m e n t h ad no de si re t o a nn e x Baroda t o
t heir v ast E m pi re . T h e y t h e re fo re c au se d i n q u i ry t o b e m ade
wh e t h e r t h e r e was t h e G ae k wad s
’

as to a m o n g st c o nn e x i o ns any

o ne wh o m ig h t a ft e r su i t ab l e t rai ni n g su c c e e d t o t he t h ron e .

I t was re po r t e d t h at i n t h e v i ll ag e o f K a n ldn e , T a l u k a M aleg ao n,

in t h e di st ri c t of K hande sh , we re t h re e b ro t h e rs, desc e n ded

fro m Zn OJl Gae k wad t h e b ro t h e r o f D am aji I T he . sec o n d ,

n a m e d G o pal R ao t h e n o n ly t h i rt e e n ye ars o ld, was, b y

,
re ason

h i s t e n de r d n a t u ra l ab i li t y , ado d b K h d R A
'
of a
g e an
pt e y an e o s

wi do w J a m n ab ai ,
at t he su
gg e st io n o f the pa ra m o u n t Bri t i sh
P o we r ,
an d se a t e d o n t he t h ro n e on t he 2 7t h of M ay
u nde r t h e n am e o f Sayaji Rao I II . T h u s t h i s you ng sc i on of
 RA o s
’
SI R T M
’ ’
2 67 . a nn h v
A DM IN I ST R AT I ON .

a n o b le M arat h afa m i ly b y , a su dde n t u rn i n t h e wh e e l of for

t u ne , b e c am e at onc e t h e R aj a o f an i m po r t a n t k i n g do m .

T h e B ri t i sh G o v e rn m e n t wi t h i t s wo n t e d ,
s o lic i t u de fo r t h e
we lfa re of the n at ive
p ri n c i
p a li t i e s wh i c h i t h a s ple ase d P ro
v i de nc e t o pl a c e u n de r t h e i r g u a rdi a n sh i p, t o o k i m m e di a t e
s t e ps t o pro v ide fo r t h e e du c a t i o n o f t h e y o u n g pri n c e . Mr F . .

A . H E lli o t C S I
. , . . .
,
of t h e I n d ia n C i v i l Se r v i c e was ,
a
p po i n t ed

h is t u t o r, an d t h e pri n c e d h im se l f a ro m s n i i g pu pi l,
so o n p ro v e
p
n o t o n ly a t h is b o o k s b u t ,
al s o i n wre s t l i ng , ri di ng an d o t h e r

m a n ly s
p o rt s . S a y aj i R Ao was fu rt h e r c a re fu lly i nst r u c t e d i n
t he wo rk o f adm i n i st ra t i o n , a nd h as al re ady s h o wn hi m se lf t o b e
a wo rt h y an d b e n e v o le n t ru le r . Du ri n g h i s m i n o ri t y t h e a dm i
n i st ra t i o n o f the st at e was e n t ru s t e d, l 0t h M ay 1 8 7 5 , t o Si r T .

M edh a v Rao ,
wh o c am e fro m t h e M adras P re side n c y h a v i ng ,

se rv e d a s D i wan o f T rav a n k o r fo r fo u rt e e n ye ars du ri ng wh ic h ,

t im e h e h ad s u c c e e de d i n i n t rodu c i ng se v e ra l b e n e fi c ial re fo rm s .

I n Baro da t hi s e x c e ll e n t m i n i s t e r g at h e re d ro u n d h i m a n um b er
of t he ab le st an d m ost i n t e lli g e n t n at i ve ofi c e rs , o i n c l u di n g
so m e wh o h ad b e e n fo r m e rly d
e ng a
g b y Me r D ddé b h di H e . .

a lso o b t a i n e d t he se rv i c e s o f s e v e ral o t h e r o ffi c e rs o f e x e rie n c e

p
fro m t h e B ri t ish G o v e r n m e n t ,
an d t h u s i n a u g u ra t e d a wise an d
v ig o ro u s a dm i n is t ra t i o n , wh i c h h as s e c u re d la s t i n g b e n e fi t s a li k e

t o t he st a t e and to t he p eo
pl e . T he c he if fe a t u re s of t he

K h an Bah ad u r K az i S h ti h b u ddi n C I E . . . Re v e n u e C o m m iss i o n er .

K h an Bah adu r P e st anji J ah an gi r C I E , , , , Se t t l e m ent e mee r and

M i l it ary S ec re t ary ,

R i o Bah zi d u r V e n tiyalrrAO J an ti rdh an , N iti b Di wti n ,

K h An Bah ad u r K h ars e dji R ast am ji, C h i e f J u st i c e .

M r J an ardh an S ak h ti ni m G adg il, B A L L B

. . . , ,
.

Ri o Bah adu r Lak sh m an J agannat h .

Div a
n Bah adur M m i b h fi J03 t
.
[ P u n 4 C m r 1.4 . .
] 2 68

ro
p g ram m e l aid do wn b y Si r T M adh av Rao fo r t h e g ov ernm e nt .

ro v i nc e , e n t ru st e d t o h i s c are , we re as fo ll ow
'
of t h e p

( )
a . T o m ai n t ai n pu b l i c o rde r an d t ran q u i lli t y wit h
fi rm n e ss a n d m ode rat ion .

b
() . To re dre ss the a c c u m u l at e d c o m pl ai n t s of t he

S ardrt rs, b an k e rs , ryo t s an d o t h e rs, a ri si n g o u t of past

m aladm i ni st rat i on .

()
c . To e s t a b l i sh a s u i t ab l e o rg ani z at io n fo r di spensing
j u st ic e i n b o t h i t s b ran c h es .

at
( ) . T o pro v ide a pol i c e h av i ng r e g ard t o t h e e x te nt
o f t h e c o u n t ry an d t h e de nsi t y and c h arac t e r of

t h e po pu lat i o n .

()
c . T o provi de fo r t h e e x e c u t ion of n ec essar
y or u sefu l

pu b l i c wo rk s .

(f) . T o pro m o t e po pu lar e du c at i on .

T o prov i de su i t ab l e m e di c al age n c i es fo r t h e b enefi t

o f t h e pe o ple .

h
( ) . To re du c e t h e b u rde n of t ax at i o n wh ere i t was
e x c e ssi v e , to re ad u st j t ax es wh e re t h ey re q u i red

m o di fi c at i o n , an d to ab ol ish su c h t ax es as were
o b e c t i o nab l e .
j
i
() . To e n fo rc e e c ono m y in the ex pe n di t u re , to rest rai n

wast e t o ,
re du c e ex t rav ag anc e an d t o pre v en t losses

ari si n g fro m c orru pt i on and m al v ersat io n A nd, pre

.

e m i n e n t ly t o k ee p t h e ex pe n di t u re wel l b elow t h e
r e c ei t so t h at a su rplu s m i h t b ec om e av ailab le
p s,
g
as a
pro v i si o n fo r adv e rse seasons, and fo r admi

n i st rat i ve i m pro v e m e n t s .

From t h e Re port o n t h e A dm inist rat i on of t he Baroda St at e

for 1 76 76, para 2 5, page 2 0
0 -
, .
[PART L
« oa n
. 2 70

T h is t o u r ex t e n de d fro m 2 3 rd N o v e m b e r 1 88 2 t o 2 ot h Ja .

n u ary H e t h e n proc e e de d t o C alc u t t a o n a v i si t t o His

1 883 .

E x c e l le nc y t h e V i c e ro y, a n d re t u rn e d t o Ba ro da o n t h e 2 3 rd o f
M arc h 1 8 8 3 a ft e r v i si t i n
g A g ra, G wali o r, Aj m e r ,
and o t h er

plac e s . In the c o ld we a t h e r h e ag ai n v isi t e d v ari o u s di st ric ts

i n h i s t e rri t o ry . O n e i m po rt an t re su l t of t h is t our was t he

so l u t i o n O f t he lo n g vex e d p ro b le m as to a s u i t a b le wat e r
s u pply fo r t h e c ity of Baro da . Hi s H ig h n e ss ,
a ft e r h av ing
v i si t e d t h e M u n wal t an k n e ar Shi vl i, c au se d se v e ral pl a c es t o b e

e x am i ne d, an d p l a ns su b m i t t e d A t l e n
g t h san c t
. i o n was ac

o f su pply i n g wat e r fro m t h e S u rya lak e

"'
c o rde d t o t he sc h e m e

at Ajwe, a dist an c e o f ab ou t fo u rt e e n m iles fro m Baro da, at an

e st i m at e d c o st o f t we n t y fi ve lac s o f ru
pe e s, e x c lu si v e o f e st a

b l ish m e n t an d c o m pe n sat i o n for lan d . The fi rst so d o f t his

u se fu lwo rk was t u rn e d b y Lady W at so n , wi fe O f G e ne ral

( n o w S i r J o h n ) W a t so n K C B , V C , . . . . A g e nt to t he
G o v e rn o r G e n e ral ,
-
on t h e 8 th of J an u ary 1 880 . T h e wo rk h as
s in c e b een l t d b
c om i d t t h b l i t h 2 9t h
p e e , e n
g p
o e n e o e pu c o n e

o f M a rc h 1 8 9 2 , so t h a t t h e i n h a b i t an t s o f Baro da, n u m b e ri ng

ab o u t 1 1 2 000 so u ls ac c o rdi n
g t o t h e l a t e st c e n su s re t u rn s, are

no w b le sse d wi t h a
pl e n t i fu l su l
pp y of wat e r . B aro da also

b oast s o f se v e ral i m po r t a n t l i n e s o f ra i l way . A ll of t h e se , ex

c e pt t h e l i n e s fro m M i agam t o Ba h adarpu r, Baro da t o C h andod

vi a.
'
D ab h o i ,
an d M e h san a t o V adn ag ar, h av e b e e n c o ns t ru c t e d

Hi s H ig h n e ss h as also ab o li shed
’
aft e r S ayé ji R ao s s u c c e ssi o n .

m an y j
o b e c t i o n a b le c e sse s a n d i m o st s, a n d h as m ade v ast i m
p

ro v e m e n t s in the c u rre n c y of t he st at e by s u b st i t u t i ng
p
m ac h i n e m ade - si l v e r . . u c o ppe r c oins for t h e o ld h an d m ade
-

Bab ash ai ru pe e s an d pi c s . T h e se we re e asi ly c o u n t e rfe i t e d, and

Q Mr . JagannAt h Sadi sh i vy , o n e o f t h e st at e engi ne ers, h as t he cre

dit of disc ov eri ng t his sourc e o f wat er supply:

 '
2 71 S ArA n RA O I I I
’
.

o ft e n affo rde d t h e m on ey c h an g e rs
-
an opport u ni t for e x ac t i ng
y
h eavy c h arg e s i n t h e i r t ransac t i o n s wi t h t h e ig n oran t ryo t s .

'

Sayaj r R do h as t ak e n s
p e c i al i n t e re st i n e du c at i on , an d t he
n u m b e r o f sc h o o ls i n h is t e rri t o ri e s h as re m ark ab ly i n c re ase d,
b e in g no w n e arly t h re e t i m e s as m any as t h ey we re wh e n h e as

su m e d the i
re n s of G o v e rn m e n t . In addi t i o n t o t h e se , a

fl o u ri sh i n g A rt s C o l le g e an d a T e c h i n al Sc h o o l h a ve b e e n es

t ab l i s h e d . I n sh o rt t h e past t we n t y ye ars o f pe ac e h av e b e e n
o f s t e ady pro g re ss fo r Ba ro da a n d S ayéji R ao s ru l e h as
’

y e a rs ,

pro v e d o f g re at b e n e fi t t o h is j
su b ec t s .
 2 72

C nArT na XV .

Re frac t ory c on du c t of M K ac hh
v Bh Arm al
His depo d t ion and
Of .

a ppo i nt m e nt o f t h e C o u nc i l o f R e genc y R ev Desal fo rm ally i nst alle d .

O n t h e t h ro ne K h u m an o u t lawry i n K at hi awar A ffairs i n

,
.

t h e M ah i K ant h A, Re wa K An t h a & c .

F R OM 1 8 1 8 t o 1 8 38 A. D .

H av i ng i n t he pre c e di n g c h apt ers n arrat e d the h ist ory

of Baro da fro m t he do wn fall of t he P e sh wa to the pre se nt
t i m e, we no w t u rn t o t he h ist o ry of ot her
part s of Cu
a rat . T he ri o d fro m 1 818 to 1 8 92 h as b e e n m arked
j pe

b y g re at adv an c e s, and t h e pro v i n c e h as e njoye d, i n c om m on

wi t h t h e re st o f I ndia u n de r t h e b e nig n ru le o f t h e British
G o v e rn m e n t , a de g re e of pe ac e an d pro spe ri t y u n k n o wn in
e arl i e r t im e s . T h e re h av e ,
i n de e d, b e e n o c c asi o n s wh e n t he
em l oym e n t o f m i li t ary fo rc e b ec am e n e c e ssary, b u t t h ese
p
h av e b e e n fe w an d fa r b e t we e n I n t h e e arly part Of t he .

p re se n t c e n t u ry R av Bh arm al of K ac h h pro v e d so m e wh at t e
frac t o ry . Un m i ndfu l o f t he k i n dne ss sh own t o h i m b y t he

Bri t i sh G o ve rn m e n t i n re m i t t i ng h i s an n u al t rib u t e Of t wo lacs

o f ru pe e s t oge t h e r wi t h t h e ex pe n se o f t h e m i li t ary ex pedi t i on

t o K ac h h b e re su m e d h i s t u rb u l e n t c o u rse s . At the e nd of

1 8 1 8 h e m u rde re d h i s c o u sin Ladh u b a, an d c om m e n c e d rai sing

t ro o ps wi t h t h e v ie w of at t ac k i ng Anj ar . He also m arc hed on

W ei gh ad wh ile i t s c h i e f wh o h e ld
, , a Bri t i sh g u aran t e e , was in
a t t e n danc e at C apt ai n M ac M u rdo
’
s c am p. U nab le t o t ole rat e
t h e c o n t i n u an c e o f s u c h c on du c t , t h e Bri t ish Go ve rn m e n t dec lared
war agai nst t h e R av an d o n t h e 2 5 t h M arc h 1 8 1 9 t he walls Of
, ,

Bh uj we re e sc al ade d T h e Rav su rre nde re d o n t h e fol lo wi ng day

. .

T h e B ri t ish G o v e rn m e nt , u n wi lli ng t o
‘
an ne x h is t e rri t o ry, rai sed

h i s i n fan t so n t o t h e t h ro n e o n t h e 1 9 t h Apri l 1 8 1 9 u n der t h e t i t le

o f M ah d R a aM i rz j a Rav Sh ri Desalji, an d wi t h t h e c o nc u rre nce Of

the J adeja R ajpu t s

.
, appoi nt ed a Cou nc i l of Rege nc y t o conduc t
[ P ART 4 m m . 2 74

c ou nt ry, t i l arly t h at o f I dar, i ve n i n Part I I o ft h i s v ol u m e,

par c u g
sh ows t h at duri n g t h e M u h am m adan pe rio d I dar h ad al ways
b ee n a t h o rn i n t h e s ide Of t h e Ah m adsh ad S u l t é n s, wh o we re
o b l ig e d t o m ak e se v e ral e x pe di t i o n s ag a i n st t h at S t a t e . D u ri ng
t h e M arat h a sway a lso, al t h o u g h e k wad
t h e Ga was ac k n o w
l edg e d as t h e s u pre m e po we r i n G ujarti t t h e M ah i K ri n t h ac h ie fs
, ,

fro m t h e n a t u ral ad va n t ag e s posse ss e d b y t h e ir c o u n t ry, we re

t o de fy t h e G ee k m i d s fo r l o ng pe ri ods Fo r e x am ple,
’
ab le ar m y .

o f A m a lidra i s s t at e d i n M r A K Fo rb e s R ds M i ld
’
the v illag e . . .

to h a ve s t o od a si e g e o f si x m ont hs agai nst a fo rc e se v e n

t h ou san d s t ro n g , t h o u g h i t h ad no fo rt or wall, b u t o n ly a t h o rn

h e dg e b b l h i k l id d n arro w
(p aro
y t e pr c y pe ar o n o n e s e a n a

st ri p o f j u ng le o n t h e o t h e r T h e v illag e was e ve n t u al ly
. c arrie d

b y assau l t , b u t a n u m b e r o f t h e K o lis ral l ie d wi t h su c h v ig o u r

t h at t h e b e si e g e rs fl e d pre c i pi t at e ly, l e avi n g t h e i r g u n s b eh i nd .

O n ano t h e r o c c asio n t h e i n h ab i t an t s of Lo har, num b e ri ng ab ou t

o ne t h o u san d, e n t ic e d a Gae k wadi fo rc e of t en t h o u sa n d m e n

i nto a de fi le , wh e n c e t h ey we re ab le t o e x t ri c at e t h e m se l ves
only a ft e r m u c h lo ss of li fe .

T he fi rst i n t e rv e n t i on of t h e Bri t ish i n t h e M ah i K an t ha

dat e s fro m A D 1 8 1 3 , wh e n M aj or Bal lan t yn e, s A ssi st an t R esi
. .

den t i a c h arg e o f t h e prov i n c e , fo llo wi ng t h e e x am pl e o f C o l o ne l

W a lk er e ffe c t e d a se t t le m e n t o f t h e Gae k w6d s t ri b u t e ,
’
, b u t t he
se t t l e m e n t appe ars at t h at t i m e t o h ave b e e n m e re ly n o m i nal .

I n 1 8 1 8 t h e P e sh wri i h av i ng , b y
’
s posse ss o ns c o n q u es t , fallen
t o t h e E ng li sh , t h e l at t e r c am e into c l ose r c o nn e x io n wi t h t h e
M ah i K ent h a c h i e fs . T h e Gae k wad, u nab l e t o m ai n t a i n o rde r

a m o ng t h em , asse d an a re e m e n t o n t h e 3 rd of A pri l 1 8 2 0.
p g
m ak i ng o ve r t h e m anag e m e n t of t h e M ah i K an t h a t o t h e Bri t ish

0 T his i s t h e sam e M ajor Bal lant yn e, wh ose large Haveli (mansion)

st ands in t h e Th ree Gat es Ward of A h m adab Ad .
 ”
M K A NTn
’
Ax I A .

Go vern m e n t , wh o u nde rt o o k to c o l l ec t , wi t h o u t c h arg e , t h e t ri b u t e

du e t o t h e Gae k W ti d I n 1 8 2 1 , t h e G o v e rn o r o fBo m b ay M o u n t st u ar t
.
,

E lphi n st o ne , v i si t e d t h is par t of t he c o u n t ry, a n d e st a b li sh e d t he

p re se n t P o l i t ic al A g e n c y wi t h t h e v ie w Of se c u ri ng t h e t ran q u i lli t y
Of t h e di s t ri c t , an d
p ro v i di n
g f o r t he
pe ac e fu l c o l le c t i o n o f t h e

G ri e s i d s t ri b u t e W i t h t h is e n d i n v i e w t h e re q u i si t e agre e
’
.

m e n ts a n d se c u ri t i e s we re t a k e n fro m t h e se v e ral c h i e fs .

I n 1 8 2 8 M r 1V P W i ll o u g h b y wa s a ppo i n t e d Po l i t i c al A g e n t
. . .

fo r t h e M ah i K en t h a, Pa n c h M ab els an d R aj pi pla b u t h e , so o n

a ft e r wa rds we n t on le av e , an d t h e M ah i K ai n t h e wa s plac e d . u n de r

t h e R e side n t at Baro da wi t h an A ssi st an t at Sadra t o su

pe r.

i n t e nd t h e G ee k t vad s c o n t i nge n t . M o re le ss diso rde r, h o w

’
or

e v e r, c o n t i n u e d, a n d i n 1 8 33 t h e c h ie f o f R u pti l se iz e d a ri c h

m e rc h an t , b ro t h e r t o t h e M i n i s t e r of Idar, an d re fu se d to re

le ase h i m u n t i l a su m du e t o h i m b y t h e Idar C h ie f G am b h i r
s i ngj i , t h e n de c ease d, was pa id . T h e m i n i st e r, u n a b le to m ee t

t h is de m a n d, e n g ag e d S u rajm al, so n o f t he c h ie f Of M an de t i ,
a dari n g yo u t h wh o h ad a l re ady g ai n e d n o t o rie t y as an
o u t la w t o pro c u re h i s b ro t h e r s r e l e ase ro m i se d t o
’
an d ay
, p p ,

h i m a h a n dso m e re ward S u rajm al c o lle c t e d a b an d Of m e r

.

c e n ari e s, an d a t t ac k e d a nd t o o k R a ps], b u t, t he m i n i st e r

fa i l i n g to p yah i m the s t i pu l a t e d re ward h e , m ade g o o d t h e

am o u n t b y pl u n de ri n g so m e o f t h e I da r v i l lag es. Se v e ral v il

l ag e s we re al so A t t h i s t i m e t h e prac t i c e O f S at i h ad
b u rn t .

b e c o m e v e ry g e n e ral t h ro u g h o u t t h e M ah i K en t h a O n t h e .

de a t h o f t h e I da r C h i e f G a m b b i rsi n gji o n t h e 1 2 t h o f A u g u st
1 8 33 a ft e r a r e ig n o ffo r t y t wo ye a rs, se v e n o f h is Ren i s, t wo
-

c o n c u b i n e s, o n e pe rso nal se rv an t a n d fo u r s la v e g i rl s i m m o lat e d o

t h e m se l v e s i n t h e pre se n c e o f t h e asse m b l e d m u lt i t u de O n ly .

o ne R en i wi t h h e r i n fa n t so n
‘
was pe r m i t t e d t o e sc a pe t h is

T h is c h i ld , n am e d J u wan s i ng h , s u c c e e de d h is fat h e r, and sab se

u e n t ly t ai n e d t h e h o n o u r Of a se at i n t h e Le gislat i v e Co unc il of t he
Ob

ve ra m e n t Of Bo m b ay and t h e dec o rat io n o f K . C S I. . ,

[ P m 4 Cm. . 14 .
] are

pai n fu l de at h . A l t h o u gh t h e v i c t i m s c om port e d t h e m se l v es i n

su c h a m an n e r as t o i ndi c at e t h e ir de v o t i o n t o t h e i r de c e ased

l o rd, t h e wo rds u t t e re d b y t he e l de st of t h e R An i s, wh o was

si x t y ye ars o f ag e , e v ide n c e d t h e ir t ru e fe e l i n g s . A ddre ssing
t h e m i n i st e rs asse m b le d at t h e fu n e ral pyre , sh e sc o rn fu l ly sai d

t h at sh e h ad a l l al o n g de t e rm i ne d t o follo w h e r h u sb an d, b ut
t h at i t was st ran g e t h at n ot a wo rd o f dissu asi on h ad b e e n ad

d re ssed e i t h er to her or t o t h e yo u n g e r q u e e n s by any of t he

m i n i st e rs . S h e t h e n t au nt i ng ly b ade t h e m g o an d l i v e o n t h e
l n de r t h e y we re t h u s se c u ri n g t o t h e m se l v e s b y t h e dest ru o
p u

t i o n o f t h e i r c h ie f s fam i ly T h e sad spe c t ac le was re n de red

'
.

t h e m o re pi t iab le as o n e o f t h e Rams, a g i rl Of t we n t y, h ad b ee n
m arri e d t o t h e c h i e f o n ly a si n g le y e ar. T he slig h t e st e n t rea t ies

wo u ld pe rh aps h av e avai le d t o pre v e nt t h e sac ri fi c e Of at l east

so m e o f t h e se ladi e s .

M o v e d b y t h is m e l an c h o ly e v e n t , M r E rsk i ne , wh o was .

t h e n Po li t ic a l A g e n t , de t e rm i ne d at al l h az ards t o pre v e n t a

re pi t i t i o n o f S a t i i n t h e M ah i Ken t h a A c c o rdi ngly o n t h e .

de at h o f K aransin g h , t h e R ej ao f A h m adnag ar, in 1 8 35 , h e m o ved

h is c am p t o t h at t o wn . T h e R aj pu t s, h o we v e r, c o l l ec t e d a

b and o f Bh ils an d K o l i s, an d e v e n so u gh t ai d fro m S u rajm al,

t he o u t la w M r E rsk i ne h ad st at i o n e d gu ards at al l t h e g at e s in
. .

o rde r to pre v e n t t h e wi do ws o f t h e Raj a b e i n

g c arri e d o u t t o t h e

fu n e ral pyre . A ne w g at e was h o we ve r, , Ope n e d in t h e c o u rse

o f t h e n ig h t , an d, i n spi t e of the c ri e s o f t he u nh appy fe m ales,

t h ey we re b u rn t al o n w h nd s D u rin g t his
’

g i t h t e i r h u sb a c o rpse .

pa i n fu l oc c u rre n c e o n e Bri t i sh o ffi c e r is re po rt ed t o h av e l ost

h i s l i fe , b e i ng st r u c k by an a rro w wh e n t h e Bh i ls we re
o
ppo si n g the adv an c e of t h e g u ard . I t t h e n b e c am e n ec es

sary to a t t ac k t he c ity wh i c h h ad t h u s de fi ed Bri t ish au t h o ri t y.

I nt e llig e nc e was, h o we ve r, re c e i v e d t h a t Su rajm al was m arc h i ng

t o i t s assi st anc e wi t h one t h ou sand M ak rani s, wh ereu pon M r .
[P AIIT 4 . a r . 2 78

t h at t h e t i m e h ad arri ve d wh e n l e ni e nt m e asu res c o u l d b e t aken

wi t h adva n t a
g ,
e t h e G o v e rn m e n t , i n c o n si de ra t i o n o f t he su f

fe rin g s o f t h e o u t la ws pro c lai m ed a g e ne ral

, am n e st
y o n t h e 7t h of
Fe b ru a ry 1 8 3 6 ,
an d, o n
pro m i se o f t h e i r l an ds b e i ng re s t o re d to

t h e m o n su b m issi o n, i n v i t e d t h e C h i e fs i n o u t la wry to re t u rn to

t h e ir h o m e s . A g u aran t e e was a lso

g i v e n t h at all t h e i r g ri e v anc es

wo u ld b e fu lly i n q u i red i n t o an d e
q u i t ab ly re dre sse d .

S O de pre sse d h ad t h e c h i e fs b e c o m e b y t h e ir wa n de ri ngs

an d pri vat i o n s t h a t t h e y i m m e di a t e ly a vai le d t h e m se l v e s O f t he
a m n e st y a n d s u rre n de re d o ne aft e r a n o t h e r
. T h e Bri t i sh Go .

v e rn m e n t fai t h fu l ly re st o re d t h e m t heir e s t a t e s, wh i c h h ad b e en
h e ld i n at t ac h m e n t du ri ng t h e i r o u t lawry, a n d re c e i v e d l d
p ge es

fro m t h e m t o su
pp re ss t h e i ni q u i t o u s c u s t o m o f S at i, an d t o re

fra i n fro m em pl oy i ng fo re i g n m e rc e n ari e s I n . c om

p an
y wi t h
t h e S iddh pu r m e rc h a n t Lak h u Se t h , S u rajm al a lso s u b m i t t ed

t h e 7t h of M arc h 1 8 3 6 H e was g ran t e d t wo o f h i s fat h er s

’
on .

v i llag e s, a n d was a ppo i n t e d C apt ai n o f t h e g arri so n o f I lo ra b y

t h e I da r D arb ar wh o , t o o k h i s t ro o ps i n t o t h e i r pay . RAjb h Arth i,

o f S iddh pu r, su rre nde re d t o t h e Gee k wéd G o v e rn m ent,
’
t h e A t it s

and was b y t h e m k e pt i n c o n fi n e m e n t fo r so m e m o n t h s, b u t was

s u b se q u e n t ly pla c e d i n c h arg e o f t h e m o nas t e ry i n t h a t t o wn on

h i s pre se n t i ng a N az aren e .
( pre se nt ) .

I n sh o rt , b y t h e c o n c i li at o ry m e asu re s so wi se ly ado
pt e d b y
G o v e rn m e n t , an d c arri e d o u t wi t h m u c h t ac t an d j u dg m e nt by

C pt ai n
a O u t ram ,
t ran q u i l li t y was re st o re d i n t h e M ah i KAIIt ha
b e fo re t h e e nd of t h e y e ar 1 8 36 . C apt ai n O u t ram fu r t h e r re

s t o re d t he fa i r at Sem hiji on t h e b o rde r b e t we e n t h e M ahi

K amt h a an d M e wan wh ic h , t h o u g h of lo ng s t an di ng h ad fallen

,

i n t o disu se c o n se q u e n t o n t h e diso rde rs of the e igh t e e n t h and

e arl y part of t h e prese n t c e n t u ry . T h is r e s t o rat i o n , wh i c h t ook

p l ac e i n 1 8 3 8 , gav e a we lc o m e i m pe t u s t o t rade H e . al so e st ab

l i sh e d a syst e m o f b orde r adm i ni st rat i o n , and, wi t h a v ie w to

 M AnI K A N TnA
’
2 79 ’
.

t h e e m ploym e n t o f t h e t u rb u l e n t c lasse s i n t h e M ah i K ri n t h a, h e
fo rm e d a Bh i l c o rps, wh i c h h as si n c e b e e n a m al
g a m at e d in t he
A h m adri b ri d A r m e d P o li c e , an d h as do n e u se fu l se rv ic e .

A b o u t t h is t i m e a m i l i t ary fo rc e h ad t o b e de spat c h e d ag ai nst

t h e wi do w of t h e T h ak o r of A m lié ra, wh o , disple ase d at t he

s u c c e ss i o n t o t h e c an of a po s t h u m o u s s o n o f a n o t h e r wi do w
i n pre fe re n c e t o h e r o wn ado pt e d so n , b e t oo k h e rse lf t o t h e h i lls
a lo n g wi t h t h e T h é k o rs o f Sat h a m b a R u pal, a n d o t h e r c h i e fs
, .

T h e i r m e n we re , h o we v e r, so o n di spe rse d, an d b o t h t h e wido w

an d her so n we re t ak e n pri so ne rs . T he c h i e f o f R u pal was su b

se q u e n t ly arre st e d, an d e n de d h is days i n t h e j ai l at A h m adab ad .

As re g a rds t h e R e wa K an t h a, a n a g re e me n t was c o nc l u de d
wi t h t h e Gee k wAd i n A D 1 8 2 0, b y wh ic h t h e
. . c o n t ro l of i ts
t ri b u t ary c h i e fs wa s v e st e d i n t h e Bri t i sh Go ve rn m e n t . P re
v io n s t o t h is a rran g e m e n t t h e Gae k W ti d h ad fro m t i m e t o t i m e

h arasse d t h e R aj pi pla c h i e f, and h ad c o nsi de rab ly e n h anc e d th e

t ri b u t e t o b e pa i d b y h i m . P e n di ng t h e se t t le m e n t of a dis

p u t e re g ardi n g t he s u c c e ssi o n b e t we e n t h e t wo ri v al c l ai m an t s

Ram si ng h N arsi n g h , Saydji RAO assu m e d t h e c o n t ro l O f t h e

an d

G o v e rn m e n t i n A D 1 8 1 3. T h o u g h b e re t ai n e d po sse ssio n o f
. .

R zijpi pla fo r se v e n ye a rs, h e was u n ab le to e ffe c t a se t t le m e n t ,

an d d iso rde r i n c re ase d o n a ll side s. A t l e ng t h t h e fi n al de c i

si o n o f t he m at t e r was e n t ru st e d to M r. J P W i llo u g h b y
. .
,
t he

A ssi s t a n t R e side n t at Baro da ,

an d t h at ofi
‘
i c e r, a ft e r a t h o rou g h

w
’
e n q u i ry, u ph e l d N a rsi n h s c l ai m
g N a r s i n g h h i m
. se l f, h o e v e r,

b e in g b l i n d, h is so n V e h risé lji was i nst alle d at Rajpipla o n t h e

1 5 t h o f N o v e m b e r 1 8 2 1 , aft e r h a vi ng e n t e re d i nt o an e n gag e m e n t
b i n di n g h i m se lf a n d h is s u c c e sso rs to ac t in c on fo rm i t y wi t h t h e
ad v i c e o f t h e Bri t ish G o v e rn m e n t .

M r W i llo u g h b y, b y ju dic io u s arran g e m e n t s fo r t h e c o lle c t i o n

.

of Re ve nu e and by redu c i ng to o rder t he u nru ly Bhils, re stored

[ P AM 4 . cm . 2 80

c o m ple te pe ac e t o t h e St at e i n t h e fo u r years of h i s adm i ni st ra

t i o n, an d the c o n t ro l o v er t h e C h i e f was t h e reaft e r re l ax e d T he .

Gae k wad s t ri b u t e was fi Si nc e

’
x e d at Baro da R u pe e s .

t h e n i t h as oc c asi o nal ly b e c om e n ec e ssar

y t o re su m e t he m a

o wi ng t o t h e C h ie f s i nc apac i t y t o adm i nist e r i ts

’
n ag e m e n t

afi a irs u nde r
'

fi c i e n t ly , a n d a t
ef t h e pre se n t t i m e t he S t at e i s
t he c o n t ro l o f a Bri t ish a dm i n i s t ra t o r o f m ark e d ab i t i t y .

A no t h e r e ve n t o f i m po rt an c e i n t h e R e wa K An t h a was t he
se t t le m e n t of t h e Gee k wad s t ri b u t e fro m t he C h i e f o f Si
’
n

k h e daM e h wés i n A . D . 1 823 . T wo ye ars lat e r t h e c o n t ro l o ft h e

P an c h M ahals was t ran s fe rre d b y S i ndh ia t o t h e Bri t i sh , and

i n 1 8 38 t h e se para t e P o li t ia l A g e n c y o f t h e R e wa K an t ha was
sa m e ye ar wi t n e sse d a r isi n g o f t h e N a k ra
e s t ab l i sh e d. T he i s

P
i n t h e anc h M a hd ls wh i c h h w
o e
,
v e r was p u t
,
d o w n b y B,
ri t is h

t ro o ps assist e d b y t h e Gac w fi
,
k ad i n d h ia a
vn d t h e c h i e fs o f B d,
r id

an d C h h o té Udai pu r .
[ P aar t om . 282

dragoons were e fi ec t ully

'

I nfant ry and a sq u adron of ab le

t o re st ore orde r .

T he ne x t ye ar an i m post or nam e d Go vi n ddas R am das, who

h ad pe rsu ade d h i s i g noran t fo l lo we rs t o b e lie v e t h at h e was
i ft e d wi t h su pe rnat u ral po we rs, a t t ac k e d t h e t o wn o f T h i sra on
g
t he n ig h t of t h e 1 7t h o f M arc h 1 8 2 5 wi t h ab o u t fi ve h u ndred
arm ed m en wi t h t h e ob ec t
j of t u rni ng ou t t h e loc a l o fi ce r sta

t i o ne d b y t h e Bri t i sh Go ve rn m e n t , b u t h e did no t su c c e e d .

A s reg ards S u rat , t h e ye ar 1 8 37 i s c o n spic u o u s fo r t h e g reat

fi re wh ic h t o o k plac e i n t h at c i ty on t h e 2 4 t h o f A pril I t c on .

t i n u e d fo r t h re e days, an d de st roye d no less t h an n i ne t h o u sand,

t h re e h u n dre d se v e n t y t h re e h o u ses of the e st i m at e d v al u e of

fo rt y six
-
l ac s, e ig h t y si x
-
t h o u sand an d fi ve h u n dred ru pees.

T he re was also c o nsi de rab le l o ss of life an d

p p y
ro e r t .

On the 2 9 th of A u g ust 1 8 44 a rio t t o o k plac e at S u rat i n

c o nse q u e nc e o f t he i m po si t i o n of a ne w du t y o n sa l t . I t was
su ppre sse d b y t h e D i st ric t M ag i st rat e , an d a b o dy o f t ro ops
a nd art i lle ry was de spat c h e d fro m Bo m b ay t o pre v e n t fu rt h eir

dist urb an c e s A c c o rdi ng ly wh e n t h e Sal t A c t was fo rm ally

.

i n t ro du c e d on th e 1 4 th of Se pt e m b e r fo llo wi ng pe rfe c t t ran

,

il l i t e v ai l e d .
q u y pr

I n 1 8 4 8 t h e pe o ple of S u rat ag ai n re sist e d G o vern m e nt

m e asu re s, t h e g ri e v an c e c o m pl a i n e d o f o n t his o c c asio n b e ing
t h e i n t ro du c t i on of t h e Be n g al st andard o f we ig h ts an d m easu res .

T h e sh o ps i n t he c i ty we re c lo se d for se v e ral days, and pla

we re post ed u p t h reat e n i n g an y wh o dared ope n t heir

c ards

sh o ps wi t h e x pu l sio n fro m t h e c o m m u n i t y, an d i n t i mat ing t hat

a s u m o f fi ft y t h o u sand ru pe e s h ad b e
.
e n s u b sc ri b ed t o c ont end
t h e po i n t at l aw as far as E ngl an d N o b re ac h pf t h e pew

w as, ho weve r, c ommi t t e d . On t h e 5 th of April as depfl atifl

 A ru m AT A m m al o
' '
2 83 .

wai t e d on t h e Dist ric t M agi st rat e wh o gav e t h em t im e t o

, re .

p re se n t t h e m at t e r o mc i ally to G o ve rn m e n t . T h e l at t e r, o n
l e a rn i ng of t h e g re at u n po
pu lari t y o f t h e pro posed c h ange , de
c ide d o n th e 7t h i de m t h a t t h e at t e m pt t o i nt rodu c e n e w we igh t s
a nd m e asu re s sh o u ld be ab ando n e d.

T h i s ye ar, 1 8 48 i s fu rt h e r c o nspi c u o u s as re gards t h e c i t y o f

,

A h m adab ad fo r t h e b u ildi ng o f S h e t h Ha t h i si ngh s J ai n t e m pl e

’

o u t si de t he D e l h i g at e on t h e ro ad t o t h e C an t o nm e n t . To
t h e t e m pl e i s a t t ac h e d a s ple n di d m an si o n , wh i c h i s o ft e n u se d,

wi t h t h e wn e r s pe rm i ssi on o n o c c asio n s o f b li Darb drs and

’
o , pu c

at h e ri n T he c o st of t h e t e m pl e an d o f t h e m ansi o n and
g g s .

o t her b u i lding s at t ac h e d h as b ee n e st i m at e d at a m i ll ion ru pe e s

in addi t i o n t o t h e larg e ex
pe nse a t t e n di n g the c on se c rat i o n c e re

m o n i e s, t o wi t n e ss wh i c h g u e st s o f t h e h ig h e st po si t i o n i n ,

c l u di ng t he e lde st so n o f S i r J a m se dji J i ib h a
j i ,
Bart , M r N dn a . .

S h a nk a r S h e t h an d o t h e rs h ad arri v e d fro m Bo m b ay and m ore

dis t an t c i t i e s . T h i s spe ak s of the e n o rm o u s we al t h t h e b an k e rs

an d m e rc h a n t s o f A h m adé b ad h ad b e e n ab le t o se c u re , u nde r t he
b e n ig n sway o f Bri t ai n , b y fre e t rade an d b y t h e c o m m e rc e i n
o pi u m wi t h C h i n a H at h i si ng h s fa t h e r was n ot su ppo se d t o
’
.

po sse ss m o re t h an fo rt y t h ou san d ru pe es, b ut the so n s ro e rt

p p y
was e st i m a t e d, wh e n h e die d sh o rt ly b e fo re the c o m ple t io n o f

t h e t e m pl e h e h ad so de v o u t ly c om m e n c e d, at e ig h t y lac s of

ru
pe e s . A no t h e r of Sh e t h M ag an b h ai K a
t h e c i t v m e rc h an t s .

ra m c h and al so b y h i s t h ri ft a m asse d i m m e n se we a l t h a n d
,
in , ,

spi t e o f t h e preju di c e t h e n e x is t i n g ag ai nst t h e e du c a t i o n o f

fe m al e s was t h e fi
,
rst to e n do w a v e rnac u lar sc h ool for g i rls,

A D 1 851
. . . Fo r t h i s t o k e n of h is pu b lic spi ri t , Sh e t h Hag an
b h ai was re warde d wi t h t he t i t le o f Rao Bah adu r, an h o no u r

t hen fo r t h e fi rs t t im e c o n fe rre d o n a c i t iz e n o f A h m adab ad .

A n E ng lish sc h ool was est ab lish ed b y Governm ent at Surat

[ P a r 4 c u r.
. 2 84

i n 1 8 42 , and at A h m adab ttd i n N o ve m b er 1 8 4 5 , and t h e year

1 8 4 8 wi t ne sse d t h e e st a b l i sh m e n t o f t h e G ujarat Ve rnac u lar
S oc ie t y at t h e last nam e d c i t y u nde r t h e au spi c e s o ft h e l am e nted
M r A K Forb es, M aj o r F u l ljam e s, Capt ain R W al lac e , Doc t or
. . . .

G Seaward and o t h e r ph ilan t h ropic g e nt le m en

. .

T he su b se q u e nt pe ri o d (A D
. 1 8 4-9
. t o 1 8 5 6) was al so o n e of

pro fo u n d pe ac e a nd o f s t e ady p g
ro re ss fo r G ujarat . I t was
du ri ng t h is t i m e t h at t h e su rv eys we re c o m m e n c e d, A D 1 8 53,
. .

fo r a rai lro ad fro m Bo m b ay t o G uj arat , si nc e wh ic h dat e rail ways

h ave b e e n o pe ne d t h rou gh t h e l e ng t h and b re adt h of t h e pro

v i nc e , and h ave pro ve d ve ry b e ne fi c ial t o t h e c ou n t ry T el e .

g p
ra hi c c o m m u n i c a t i o n s we re also est ab l ish e d, an d t h e e d u c at i on

o f t h e pe o pl e st e adi ly adv an c e d .
 [ P aar] . CR AP . 2 86

J oh n W i lliam I l adow, t h e n C ollec t ors

Dist ric t M agi st rates and

o f K a ira a nd Ah m adAbAd re spe c t i ve ly and M r L R A sh b u rner, , . . .

t h e n Fi rs t A ss i st an t C o l le c t o r and M ag i st rat e o f K ai ra, b u t i a

v e st e d wi t h fu l l m i li t ary po we rs .

As s t a t e d ab o ve , G uj ara t was m u c h q u ie t e r t h an m ost o t h er

p art s o f In di a . S t i l l t h e re was so m e l i t t le c o m m o t io n a ri si n g fro m

whe re , an d ac c o rdi n l
'

the r u m o u rs of di safi e c t io n e lse t rade rs

g y
a nd o t h e rs re sort e d t o t he i r o ld e x di t f b i t h i m
pe e n o u r y gn e r o ney
an d j e we l le ry . So m e of t he n a t i ve c mc c t e of t h e a ardt Ir
re g u lar Horse we re i nde e d fo u n d t o b e fai t h less an d i n i n t ri g ue
wi t h t h e arse nal g u ard, but a se v e re e x am ple was m ade o f t h em ,

a nd o f t h e m u t i ne e rs of t h e 2 nd
Gre nadie r R e g i m e nt , N I An . .

i rre g u la r fo rc e ' o f ab o u t t wo t h o u sand i nfant ry an d o n e h u ndred

a nd fi ft y h o rse was also e nlis t e d u nde r H u sse i n K hAn Bat angi,

a t ru s t e d M u h am m adan g e n t l e m an, an d t h is t en de d i n some

m e asu re t o k ee p t h e c ou nt ry q u i e t . I n K ai ra also an a u x i liary

p o li c e fo rc e was raise d b y M r Ash b u rne r

. and Capt ai n T h at c h er,
an d so m e of t he disaffe c t e d a nd i g noran t T h ék o rdds ( m i nor
C hi e fs lan dlo rds), wh o sh o we d of disafi
'
or sy m pt o m s o o t ion,

we re t ri e d b y M r A sh b u rn e r and t ransport e d t o t h e A n
.
,

da m a n s A s so o n, h o we v e r, as t h e n ec e ssi t y for h arsh e r m ea

.

su re s was past , m ost of t h e se m en were , o n re prese nt at io n. su b

m i t t ed b y t h e e v er j u st a nd ab le C ol le c t o r an d M ag ist rat e t he
l at e M r A l e x
. an de r G ray pardon e d b y Go v e rnm e n t . and sent
,

b ac k t o t h e i r h o m e s, wh e re t h e y h ave sinc e re m ai ne d pe ac eful

an d c o n t e n t e d ri e t ors .
p p
ro

A t Bro ac h a ri o t t o o k pl ac e , b u t e nq u i ry d t h a t i t h ad
pro v e

n o c on ne x i o n wi t h t h e m u t i ny . T h e dist u rb anc e aro se b e t we en

M u sal m é ns an d Pdrsi s o u t of re po rt s c irc u lat e d b y M o u l vi s son
’
a

T h i s fo rc e was c om m only c all ed t h e Hook ah Palt an from t h e m

c arry i ng t h ei r h ook ahs wi t h t h em .
 2 87

t o t he effe c t t h at a Persi, of no po si t i on o r c h arac t e r, n am ed

Bez an Gen da (t h e m ad) h ad de fi le d a m osq u e A . n u m b er of the

c u lt i va t i n
g B o h rd s o f su rro u n di n
g v i l l ag ,
e s we l l k n o wn fo r t h e i r

t u rb u le n t dispo si t io n, asse m b le d o n t h e 1 5 t h o f M ay 1 8 5 7 at
t h e Bdwa R e h n Dargéh ab o u t a m i le fro m t h e c i t y, wh e re t h e
D ist ric t M ag ist ra t e M r C J D a v ie s an d t h e S u pe ri nt e n de n t o f
. . .

P o li c e we n t t o e x po st u lat e wi t h t h e m le av i n g t h e P o li c e drawn ,

u p n e ar t he c i t y. T h e i nfa t u a t e d m o b , h o we v e r, wo u ld n ot

l i st e n t o t h e a dv i c e o f t h e se fi c e rs, a n d
of we n t t o t h e c i t y, whic h
t h e y e n t e re d, an d i n c o nju n c t i o n wi t h so m e o f t h e M u sal m dn s o f

t he c i ty c o m m e n c e d t o assai l t h e Parsis . T h e la t t e r we re q u it e
u npre pare d, so m e b e in g b u sy i n t h e i r h o m e s, o t h e rs i n t he m ar
k e t wh ile
, so m e we re out h o l iday m ak i ng . T h e Po lic e , wh o
c o n sis t e d m o s t ly o f M u sal m dn s wi t h a M u h am m adan I n spe c t o r
at t h e i r h e ad, fa i le d t o ch ec k t h e pro g re ss o f t h e ri o t , a nd, b e fo re
t h e m i li t a ry c o u ld be c a l le d o u t , the ri o t e rs h ad slai n b o t h Be z an

a nd a Persi h ig h pri es t , t h e la t t e r of wh o m was k i lle d wh i le o f

fi c i a t i ng b e fo re t h e a l t ar i n a fi re t e m ple . T we n t y pri so n e rs
we re lodg e d i n t h e ja i l, b u t no i m m e dia t e i nq u i ry i n t o t h e i r

g u i lt was i ns t i t u t e d , in c o nse q u e n c e o f ru m o u re d r is i n g s

in c o nn e x io n wi t h m u t i n ies i n di ffe re n t part s . T h e m i li t a ry

fo rc e was, h o we v e r, a u g m e nt e d b y t h e arri val of t ro o ps fro m
Baro da . On t he 1 3t h of J u ne G o ve rn m e n t se n t fro m Su rat
A le x of t he
’
Mr . an de r R og e rs ,
an e ne r e t ic
g of
fi cer C i v il
Se rv i c e , wi t h i nst ru c t i o ns t o re po rt fu l ly on t he dis t u rb an c e .

h is i nq u iry, se v e ral o fi e nde rs we re c om m i t ted

'

As a re su l t o f

fo r t rial to the S e ssi o n s C o u rt , i n wh ic h on t he 2 3 rd

M r Ro g e rs i s st ill re m e m b e re d i n t h ese part s

. as an e x c e ll ent Rs
v enu e and J u dic i al Offi c e r By h is k no wle dge and
,
ab ili t y h e dis t i ng
u ish e d h i m se lf i n t h e se rv i c e , and was appo i n t e d Se t t le m e nt Ofi c e r of t h e

R e v e nu eSu rv e y, t h en fo r t h e fi rst t i m e i nt rodu c ed i nt o G ujarAt T he .

asse ssm e nt s fi x e d b y h i m were re aso nab le and m oderat e H e rose t o b e .

Com m issio ner o f t he N ort he rn Di vision, and late r on Me mb er of Co unc il,

[ P a r 4 ou r. . 2 88

A u g u st fo rt y -
se v e n of t h e acc u se d were c onv ic ted by M r A K . . .

Fo rb es, t h e n Se ssion J u dge . T wo o f t h ese we re se n t e n c e d to

b e h an g e d, e l e ve n t o b e t ranspo rt e d b e yo n d t h e se a fo r t he
t e rm o f t h e i r li v e s, a nd t he re st to v ari o u s t e rm s . of im a

p riso n m e n t . A lt h o u g h t h is ri o t do e s n o t appear to h av e h ad
any c o n n e x io n wi t h t h e re b e l li o n in U ppe r I ndia , advan t ag e of

it se e m s t o h av e b e e n t a k e n b y so m e o f t h e c h i e f m u t in e e rs t o

se nd e m issari e s t o i n du c e t h e M u sal m an po pu la t i o n of t he dis

t ric t t o re vo l t . wa t c h was h o we v e r k e pt o n all su spe c t ed
A c l o se , ,

c h ara c t e rs, a nd i n Se pt e m b e r G o v e rn m e n t was ab le t o st a t io n a

c o m pany o f E u ro pe an s at Bro ac h , so t h at a ll dan g e r of m u t i ny

was av e rt e d . I n t h e m o nt h of A u g u st t h e C h i e f of Raj pi pla

se n t i n fo rm at io n t h at i n h is c a pi t a l o f Nan do d a c e rt a i n Sayyid ,

n am e d M u rdd A li, was t ry i n g t o o rg an iz e a dist u rb an c e , and h ad

su c c e e de d i n g a i n i ng o v e r t h e M ili t ia an d t ro o ps M r R og e rs, . .

wi t h h is wo n t e d e n e rg y, a t o n c e s t ar t e d fo r N an do d wi t h a de
t ac h m e n t of t wo h u n dre d n at i v e an d fi ft y E u ro pe an so ldi e rs, and

t h e Sa yyi d for t h wi t h fl e d T h u s, t h ro u g h M r R og e r s pro m p

’
. .

t i t u de , t h i s a t t e m pt e d r isi ng i n t h e h i lly c o u n t ry o f R aj pipla

was c ru sh e d a t the v e ry o u t se t .

Un b ro k e n pe ac e a
ppe ars t o h av e pre v a i le d at Su rat , t h ough
i n t h e wo rds of M r C am pb e ll, t h e
. ab l e c o m
pi l e r o f t h e Bo m b ay
G az e t t e e r ,
' t he M u sal m tt n s of t h at c i ty we re re ady at a

i
’
m o m e n t s n o t ic e to r se T h e q u ie t is a t t ri b u t e d t o t h e b e ne

fi c i al e x e rc i se l o f h is i nfl u e n c e am o n g st t h e pe o ple b y S h ai kh
' '

Sti h e b S ayyid H u ssa i n I dru s t h e h e ad , o f o ne of the c h ie f

M u sal m an fam il ie s i n S u ra t . In re ward fo r t h is se rv i c e , t he

G o v e rn m e n t i nc re ase d Sayyid I dru s s an n u al allo wanc e b y ru pe es
'

fi ve h u n dre d, an d c o n fe rre d o n h i m t h e de c orat ion of t h e C om

pan i o n o f t h e S t ar of I n dia .

P ag e 2 75 of Vol V II . Baro da ) .

t Page 1 5 7 o f Vo l. I I .
( Su rat and Bre ac h
[ P aar 4 . c an . 2 90

h is m e n an d de v el o p h i s i n t rig u e s wi t h som e o f t h e Baro da Sar

dars, an d t h e sm all e r c h ie fs o f K ai ra an d R e wa K An t h a wh o, he ,

t h ou gh t , we re di sa ffe c t e d . Bu t as soo n as i t was k n o wn t hat

T at ya h ad c ro sse d t h e N a rb a da , t ro o ps we re pu t i n m o t io n fro m
K a i ra A h m a dab ad
,
and D i sa C apt a i n T h at c h e r h e l d Sa n kh eda
.

wi t h t h e K a i ra i lia ry Po lic e fo rc e a n d t wo o f t h e G de k wri d s

’
au x

g u n s . G o dh raa n d D o h ad i n t h e la t t e r ,
of wh i c h t o wn sy m pt o m s
of re b e ll io n dy a ppe are d as
h ad l
a re a st a t e d a b o v e , we re a lso h e ld

b y de t a c h m e n t s u n de r m i l i t ary o ffi c e rs T h u s, n o n e o f t h e m is . .

c h i e v o u s c h ara c t e rs was a b le t o g a i n m a n y a dh e re n t s, n o r wo u ld

t h e m u t i n e e rs v e n t u re a n a t t ac k o n t h e se p l a c e s, wh i c h , fro m

t he ir re
pu t ed we a l t h , wo u ld o t h e r wise h a ve a t t rac t e d t he i r
a t t e n t io n . I n t h e m e a n t i m e , C o lo n e l Pa rk e , wi t h t h e 7 2 n d Hig h
la n de rs m o u n t e d on c a m e ls, fe ll u po n Tat ya on t he 1 st of

D ec e m b er 1 8 5 8, a nd de fe a t e d h im wi t h g re a t sl a u g h t er.

T ri t y a fl e d pre c i i t a t e l ,
p y an d h is a rm y b ro k e i nto t wo
di v i si o n s . O ne of t h ese , h o we v e r, do u b le d b ac k , an d was
t o pl u n de r C o lo ne l Park e b ag g ag e , wh ic h h ad fa l le n
’
ab le s c on

s ide ra b ly in th e re a r , wh i le t h e o th e r u n de r Fi ro z S hdh lo o t ed
Barya J hst lo d, Li m b di A c c o rdi n g ly G ene ral
'
an d o t h e r v i lla es
, g .

S o m e rse t at o nc e t oo k u p t h e pu rsu i t , and dro v e t h e re b e l arm y

fro m t h e Pa n c h M ah dls . O n t h e 2 ot h of Fe b ru ary 1 8 5 9 Fi roz

S het h m ade o v e r t u re s o f su rre n de r, an d a fe w days la t e r a forc e
of fi ft e e n h u n dre d i n fa n t ry a n d t h re e h u n dre d c a v al ry l a i d do wn
t h e ir arm s b e fo re G e n e ra l M i t c h e ll . Tat ya, h o we v e r, c o n t i nu ed

h i s fl ig h t h e was b e t ray e d b y on e M ansi ng h , C h i e f o f N ar

u nt i l

wdr , s i t u a t e d fo r t y fo u r m i le s so u t h o f G wal io r, wh o c a u se d hi m
-

to be se i z e d by a de t a
c hm ent o fBri t i sh t ro o ps on t h e 7t h o fA pri l

1 8 59 . A ft e r h i s c a pt u re T ri t ya was t ri e d b y a C ou rt M art ial

-

a n d c o n de m n e d t o b e h an g e d, wh i c h se n t e n c e was ex ec u t e d at
.

Si p ra o n t h e 1 8 t h A pri l 1 8 5 9 . T h u s was ex t i ngu ish ed t h e last

spark of t h e gr e at re b e l li o n . I t m ay b e menti oned t hat M 6,
 2 91 E rinor ru nM UT I NY.

t he c h ie f of t he re b e ls an d t h e m u rde rer of i nno c e n t wom e n

an d c h i ldre n a t Ca wn po re , fl e d wi t h t h e sc a t t e re d re m a i n s o f h i s

a rm y t o t he j u n g le s of t h e Te u ti at t h e fo o t of t h e N e pal h i lls,

wh e re m any o f t h e fu g i t i v e s fe ll t o t h e pe s t i le n t i a l c li m a t e ,
a
pre
y
wh ic h pro v e d t o t hem as fa t a l as t h e s wo rd t h e y h ad dre ade d

a n d so u g h t to a v o id . N ame i s . s u ppo se d t o h av e b e e n o ne o f t he

v ic t i m s . Th u s e n de d t h e fo rm ida b le re b e l li o n i n wh ic h
,
ab o u t a

h u n dre d a n d fi ft v t h o u sa n d na t i ve t ro o ps h a d t a k e n part M o s t o f .

t h e I n di a n pri n c e s h o we v e r a n d a l l t h e m o re pe ac e fu l o f t h e i n
, ,

h a b i t an t s fu l ly c o n fi di n g i n t h e s t re n g t h
,
o f Bri t ai n , a n d fo re se e i ng
t hat t he re s u l t c o u l d n o t b ut e nd i n di sa st e r t o t h e re frac t o ry,
d l o ya l t o t h e B ri t ish G o v e rn m e n t t h e b e n e fi t s de ri v e d
re m a i ne ,

fro m wh i c h o n ly t h e se lf i n t e re st e d h ad fo r t h e t i m e fo rg o t t e n
-
, , .

O n e g re a t re su l t o f t h e m u t i ny was t h a t Parl i a m e n t c a m e t o
t he de c isi o n t h a t t h e Br i t i sh do m i n i o n i n I n dia h a d g ro wn t o o
l arg e t o b e g o v e r n e d b y a b o dy of m e rc h an t s, an d t h a t it was
e x pe d ie n t t h a t t h a t v a s t em i re sh o u d b y t h e C ro wn
ld b e r u le
p
i t se l f . A n Ac t ( S t a t u t e 2 1 a n d 2 2 Vi c t o r ia C h apt e r 1 06 ) ,

fo r t he b e t t e r g o v e rn m e n t o f I ndi a was ac c o rdi ng ly passe d, ’

a nd He r M aj e s t y t h e Q u e e n i ssu e d a pro c la m a t i o n assu m i ng t h e

s u pre m e c o n t ro l .
1
'
O n l s t N o v e m b e r 1 8 5 8 , t h is proc lam at i o n
was re ad in a ll t h e c i t i e s a n d t o wn s o f I n di a a m i dst
pu b l i c t e

o ic ing s By i t al l e x
j . i s t i ng dig n i t i e s , r ig h t s, u sag e s a n d t re at i es
we re c o n fi rm e d, a n d t h e pe o ple we re assu re d t h a t t h e Bri t ish

G o v e rn m e n t h ad n e it h e r t he r ig h t n o r de si re t o i n t e rfe re wi t h
t he ir re l i
g i o n . An a m n e st
y was g ra n t e d t o al l m u t i ne e rs wi t h

0 T h is A c t re c e i v e d t he ro yal asse n t o n t h e 2 nd of A u g u st 18 58 .

1 He r M aj e s t y Q m e e n V i c t o ri a assu m e d t h e t i t le o f Em pre ss o f
I n di a o n t h e l s t J an u ary l 8 7 7, o n wh i c h dat e an I m pe rial Darb ti r was
h e ld i n h o n o u r of t h at e v e nt atDe l h i , wh e n m any pri n c es, c h iefs and

n o b les at t e nde d an d we re g ran t e d s u i t a b l e t i t l es A n i n c re

. ase was also

m ade t o t h e n um b e r o fpalut cs assi gned to se veral of t h e princ el .

[ Pm s . cm . 11 ] 2 92

t he ex c e pt i on of t h ese only wh o h ad b een i mpl ic at ed i n m u rders .

T he ri gh t o f ado pt i on was also g ran t ed to sev er l

a pri nc es

an d c h i e fs .

I t is wort h y of rec ord h e re, i n co nne x i on wi t h t h e st ory o f

t h e m u t i ny, t h a t t h e Al m ig h t y h av i ng grant e d v i c t o ry t o t he

Bri t ish arm s, and t h u s fre ed t h e c o u nt ry fro m a c ru sh i ng c al a

m i t y, Lo rd C an n i ng , t h e G o v e rno r Ge n eral , pu b l ic ly pro c l ai m ed

-

pe ac e o n the 8 th of J u ly 1 8 5 9 , an d fi x ed t h e 1 8 t h of t h at m ont h
as a day o f g e ne ral t h an k sg i v i ng an d h u m b le e x pre ssi on o fgrati

t u de t o Go d fo r t h e m any an d g reat m erc ie s v o u c h safe d b y Him .

It n e e d no t b e st at e d t h at all c lasse s o f t h e people i n Glfi ‘tfi h

a s i n dee d a ll o v e r I n di a, h e art i l
y j o i n e d i n prai se to the G reat

C o n t ro ller of all eve n t s for His sig nal deli ve ranc e of t h e G overn
m en t an d c o u n t ry.
 [ P AR T 4 . c an . 2 94

J am b u g h odés , m o st b lasph e m o u sly c al li ng h i m se l f P aram esh war

pre t e n de d t hat he c o u ld wo rk m irac le s, an d t h u s g ai ne d a

fo llo wi ng o f s u pe rst i t i o u s an d b ig o t e d pe rso n s, the m o st

pro

m i ne n t o f wh o m was R u psi ng ri e t o r o f DAn diApu rA T hey

, a p ro
p
ass u m e d a j o int ru le a t W adak ,
an d c o l le c t e d re v e n u e b y i m po
si n
g re l i i o u s
g fi ne s a n d t ransi t du t i e s . T he n at i ve o mc i als at
fi rst m ade l ig h t o f t h e ir pre t e n si o ns, a n d di d n o t e v e n re o rt
p t he

m at t e r t o t h e A g e n t M r P ro pe rt
. . A t l e n g t h , h o we v e r, t h e se .

de spise d N ee k ras b e c am e so da ri n g t h a t on t h e 2 nd of Fe b ru ary

t h e y we n t t o t h e o u t post a t R Ajg adh wi t h se v e ral a rm e d m en .

Le a v i n g t h e se
”
o u t si de , J ori a a nd R u ps i ng h we n t i n si de , and

se a t e d t h e m se l ve s n e ar t he n at i ve c o m m a n dan t . In t he c o u rse

wh ic h t u rn e d o n J o rid s we rs
’
of the c o n v e rsa t i o n , su pe rna t u ra l
po ,

o ne o f t he o ffi c ia ls , h o ldi ng ou t h i s c lo se d h an d, ask e d h im t o t e ll

wh a t was i n i t R u psi n g G a ldlia a ng ri ly D “

’
l
"
. s se n re
p i e d e a t h ,

an d i m m e di a t e ly, dra wi ng h is s wo rd , cut t he u n fo r t u n a t e m an

i n t wo . O n t h is t h e M a k ran i g u ard a t o nc e t o o k t o fl ig h t , and

t h e N de k ré s pl u n de re d t h e plac e . R u psi ng h t h e n a d va n c e d on

t he c h i e f st a t io n J Am b u g h o da ,
wh e re t he Po lic e fi re d a v o lley

at t h e i n su rg e n t s . As n one fe ll, t h e P o li c e we re pan i c -

st i c k en

u n de r a c o n v i c t ion of J o rid s ’
m i rac u lo u s po we r, a n d fl e d prec i
i t at e l l e a v i n g t wo o f t h e i r n u m b e r de ad T h e N é e k ré s t hen
p y .

i l l a e d J Am b u g h o da an d t o re u t h G m t re c o rds
p g p e
, o v e r n e n .

T h e y t h e n we n t t o J e t pu r , at t h at ti m e t he re side n c e o f t h e

C h h o t a U da i pu r C hi e f wh o also fl e d i n di s m ay H e re h o we ver,
-
, . ,

t wo o f J o riA s fo l lo we rs we re k i lle d, an d t h u s t h e c o n fi de n c e of
’

h is m e n t h at t h e y w e re b u l l e t -
p ro o f was so m e wh at sh ak e n .

T h e A g e n t t o t h e G o v e rn o r M r W H P ro pe r t , t h e S u pe ri n , . . .

t e n de n t o f Po l ic e C a pt a i n S e g ra v e , a n d h is A ssist an t , Lieu t e
,

n an t W e st m ac o t t wh o we re t h e n , ab ou t e ig h t y m i le s d i st an t,

as s oo n as t h ey h e ard of the sac k o f Rejg adh , se n t ex pres es

s
t o A h m adAb tt d an d Baro da, an d t h em sel v es st art ed wi th ab out
 2 95 R rsnve or N a sx m ’ f
s.

t we n t y m en of t h e Bh il c o rps by c ross ro ads to Jam b u g h o da .

On t h e ro ad t h ese e mee rs h e a rd of t he c a pt u re of t he lat t e r

p l a c e a n d ac c o rdi n l
, g y t h e y h a l t e d a t H el o l , d i s t an t fr o m i t
t we n t y fi v e m i le s
-
H e re t wo h u n dre d m e n o f t h e 2 6 t h N I ,
. . .

u n de r t he c om m an d of t wo E u ro pe a n o ffi c e rs ar r i v e d fr o m
Ba ro da on t he 1 1 t h of Fe b r u ary 1 8 68 . T he ab l e a n d e n e r e t i c
g
C o m m i ssi o n e r o f t h e N o rt h e rn D i v i s i o n , Mr . A . R o g e rs , a lso

j o i ne d t h e t r o o ps . A com p y
a n o f i n fa n t ry fro m A h m adab ad
was also ex pe c t e d . H e n c e le a v i n g
, a fe w m e n at Helo l t h e fo rc e
,

p ro c e e de d t o S i v réj pu r, a de t ac h m e n t b e i n g also se n t t o R ejg adh

to j o in t h e Po l i t i c a l A g e n t of t h e R e wAK An t h a S o . as su re d was
t he c o n v ic t io n o f t he wi ld N de k rzis i n t h e su
pe r n a t u ra l
po we rs
of t h e ir s pi r i t u a l le ade r J o r izt t h a t ,
o ver a di s t r i c t o f m an
y m i l e s

t h e N ee k ra i n h a b i t an t s fu lly b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e Br i t i sh so v e

re i g n t y h ad com e to an e n d, a n d t h a t t h e day of t h e ir o wn su

p re m e c y h a d da wn e d . Le a v i n g so m e m en at Si v rdjpu r t h e ,

fo rc e a dv a n c e d t o J am b u g h o da o n t h e 1 5 t h . T h is em b o lde n e d
t h e N ti e k ras t o a t t ac k S i v rdjpu r b u t b e fo re lo n g t h ey we r e
, oh

l ig e d t o r e t i re W tt da k wi t h t h e lo ss o f so m e o f t h e ir
'

to m en .

T he Br i t i sh fo rc e t h e n m a rc h e d fro m J Am b u g h o dé t o .

W ada k u n de r t h e c o m m a n d o f C a pt a i n M a c le o d wi t h t h e Po li c e
C o m m iss i o n e r M r Ro g e rs a n d t h e A g e n t M r Pro pe r t an d fo u n d
. .
,

t h e N ee k ras sc a t t e re d o n t h e s i de s o f t h e h i ll A s t h e t ro o ps .

a ppr o ac h e d, o n e m a n i n b r ig h t y e llo w an d re d was o b se r v e d

m o v i ng a b o u t wi t h h is fo l lo we rs , of wh o m so m e we re ar m e d

wi t h b o ws a n d a rro ws wh i le
, o t h e rs we re da n c i ng i n r e l ig i o u s

fre n z y . The c a v a l ry m a de a das h t o cut f

of t he ir re t re a t to

t h e h i l l, b u t , t wo at t e m pt s t o s t ri k e t h e m an in re d an d y e l lo w
h a v i n g fa i le d, t h e t ro o pe rs b e li e v e d h e po ssesse d a c h a r m e d
l i fe a n d fe l l b ac k
,
T h i s pro c e e di n g e m b o lden e d t h e N ae k rAS ,
.

wh o disc h arg e d t h e ir arro ws wi t h fec t

su c h e f t h at an ofi ic er o f

t h e P o n d h orse was k il led on t h e sp ,

o t and Capt ain M ac leo d
 -5
[ P u t 1 4 . c an . 2 96

h i m se l f h ad a n arro w esc ape . T h e N de k riis c on t i nu e d to ad

v a nc e u n t i l t h ey r e ac h e d a wat e r -
c o u rs e , wh ere a sh o t fro m
e ac h o f t h e t h re e di s t r ic t ofi c ers l ai d t h e i r m ag ic i an l e a de r an d
t wo of h is de v o t e d fo l lo we rs de ad on t h e fi e l d, l 6 t h Fe b ru ary
1 8 68 . It was n ot , h o we v e r, u n t i l nin e m o re of t h e i n su rgen ts
h ad fa l le n t h at t h e N de k rés fl e d , an d fr o m t h at d ay t h e i r re

b e l lio n was a t an e n d . T h e m an i n re d an d y e l l o w wa s found

not to be J o r ia
, but one wh o m t h e l a t t e r h ad de c k e d i n h i s o wn
c lo t h es . A d i li g e n t se a rc h wa s m ade fo r Jo ria , R n ps i n g h Ga ,

ldl izt
'

,
an d Jo rié s
’
m i n ist e r . T h e y we r e a l l a ppre h e n de d wi t h i n
a m o n t h , an d, a ft e r b e i n g du ly c o n v i c t e d, we re se n t e n c e d t o b e
h an g e d E v e r si n c e
. t h e n , t h e Pa n c h M ah dls h a v e r e m a i n e d q u ie t .

In c onnex i o n wi t h t h e Pan c h M ah AIs i t m ay b e m e n t i o n ed

t h a t t h a t di st r i c t , i n c l u di n g t h e h ill fo rt of P dwdg ad an d t he
o nc e fam o u s c ity of C h drn pdn e r b e lo n g e d t o Si n dh i a I n
, . oo nss

q u e nc e of t h e g re a t di ffi c u lt y of m an ag i n g t h i s h i ll c o u n t ry fro m

G wal io r, Si n dh ia i n 1 8 5 3 e n t ru s t e d its c o n t ro l fo r t en y ears t o

t h e Bri t is h G o v e rn m e n t . T h is pro v e d t o b e a v e ry fo r t u nat e

fo r, h ad i t b e e n u n de r Si n dh id s d u r i n g t he
’
o c c u rre n c e , r u le

m u t iny of 1 8 5 7, t h e wi ld i n h a b i t a n t s of t h at di s t ri c t wo u ld in
all p ro b ab i li t y h a v e m a de c om m o n c a u se wi t h t h e i nsu rg en t s
wh e n t h ey t o o k G wali o r , an d t hus t he re b e ll i o n wo u ld h av e
se r i o u s ly a ffe c t e d Baro da a n d al l Guja rdt . Be fo re t h e ex pi ry

t e r m , S i n dh ia i n A D 1 8 61 Panc h
’
of t h e t e n y e a rs . . c e de d t he
M ah dls i n pe r pe t u i t y t o t h e Br i t ish G o v e rn m en t i n e x c h an ge
fo r t e rri t o ry e q u al i n e x t e n t n e ar G wali o r T h e e x c h a n ge h as .

b een b e n e fi t t o t h e Pan c h M a h dls M e t al le d r o ads h av e b e en

of .

c o n s t r u c t e d t h ro u g h t h e le n g t h an d b r e a dt h o f t h e di s t ri c t , rc

g u l a r r e v e n u e an d j u dic i al sy st e m s h a v e b ee n e st ab l ish e d, and

sc h o o l s an d di spe n sar i e s h av e b e e n o pe n e d R ail way c o m m u ni .

c a t i o n h as b e e n e st a b l i sh e d wi t h Bo m b ay an d o t h e r pl ac es b y
a l i n e fro m G o dh ra t o D o h ad an d a fu r t h er e x t e nsio n as far as ,

R a t l am i s i n p gro r e ss .
 2 99 I NC OM E T ax R x o r A l ' '’

S U R AT .

s t a t i o n , an d de m an d t h e st o ppag e of t ra i n s , i n o rde r t o m ak e t h e

s t ri k e m o re e ffe c t i v e O n t h e i r r e fu sa l t o d i s pe rse t h re e o f t h e
.
,

r i o t e rs we re sh o t de ad a n d t wo wo u n de d S e v e ra l we re pu t o n .

t h e i r t r i a l, an d we re s e n t e n c e d, so m e to t ra n spo r t a t io n an d
o t h e rs t o lo n g t e rm s of i m pr iso n m e n t . A pu n i t i v e po s t W as
a ls o k e pt u
p for so m e fi ve
y e a rs a t the c o st o f t h e i n h ab i tan t s !

A no t h e r se r io u s d is t u r b a n c e wa s c re a t e d by c e r t a in T a ra
i
v i z s, a lo w c las s of a b o r i g i n e s k i n dre d t o t h e Bh i ls . O f la t e
y e a rs G o v e rn m e n t h a d m a de se v e r a l e ffo r t s t o i n du c e t h e Tu la

v i as t o b e c o m e pe ac e fu l c u l t i v a t o rs in t h e Pa n c h M ah als wh e re ,

t h e r e i s m u c h wa s t e l a n d, an d wi t h t h a t o b ec t j h a d i n c u r re d
m uch ex
p e n se , but o wi n g t o t h e ir wa n t of t h r i ft , a l l e ffo r t s

fa i le d . I n t h e m o n so o n of 1 885 a nu m b er o f t h e se T a lav i as
c am e t o Bre a c h u n de r the le a de rs h i p of t wo Bh a g a t s of t h e ir
o wn c as t e , wh o i n du c e d t h e m t o b e l i e v e t h a t t h e i r mat e ( g o d
d e ss h a d pro m is e d t h e m a k i n g do m . At fi rs t t h ey we re t re a t e d

wi t h c o n te m t
p, a n d so l i t t le n o t ic e a
ppe ars t o h a v e b ee n t ak en
of t h e m , t h a t t h e h e a dm a n wa s e n a b le d to se n d c i rc u lars to

pe o
p l e l i v in
g i n t h e di s t r i c t t o
g a t h e r ro u n d h i s b a n n e r a t B ro a c h

on t h e da y o f t h e fu l l m o o n t h e 2 2 n d o f N o v e m b e r 1 8 8 5 , .

Abou t o ne h u n d r e d T a lar ias a r r i v e d, a rm e d so m e wi t h b o ws

an d a r ro ws ,
an d o t h e rs wi t h s wo rds o r s t ic ks . T h e y we n t fi rs t to
t h e C o l le c t o r b u n g a lo w wh ic h was fa r fr o m t h e pla c e wh e re
’

s ,
no t

t h e Bh a g a t h a d pu t p
u u n de r a t re e n e ar t h e I d g ah -
. Le arn i n g
fro m t h e pe o n s t h a t t h e C o lle c t o r M r W i l l i a m A l le n
,
.
,
u as no t
at ho m e ,
t he m ob le ft t h e b u n g a lo w fo r t h e t o wn . On t h e ro a d

t h e y h a ppe n e d t o m e e t M r . B Pr esc o t t
.
, S u pe r i n t e n de n t B .

B 8 C I R a i l way
.
5
. . P o lic e wh o was dr i v i ng i n h is
, t o nga . Th at

g e n t le m an wa s , o f c o u rs e , q u i t e u n a r m e d a n d u n re
p p a re d fo r
an y h o s t i le e nc o u n t e r . On sh o u t i n
g t o t h e c ro wd t o m ak e ro o m

Se e M r Edalj l Barje rp f at e l s Gujarat i Hi st o ry of Su rat , page 1 75

’
.
.
 [ Paar 4 . 0m m 3 00

fo r h is c arri ag e , t h ey fe l l u po n t he u nfo r t u n at e o ffi c er, and

h e at h i m so se v e re ly t h at h e so o n b e c am e u n c o n c i o u s, a n d died
wi t h i n t h re e h o u rs . T h in k in g h i m a l r e ady de a d, t h e m ob l eft
fo r t h e t o wn , an d on t h e ir way t o o k fro m t h e fi rs t Po l ic e
"
( ho k i on the ro a d t he S wo r ds of t he po l i c e m e n, wh o also

we re o ff t h e i r g u a rd . T h e v t h e n m arc h e d o n t h e B o m b ay Bank
i n t h e t o wn b u t we re t h e re ,
o
ppo s e d b y t he se n t r i e s . T h es e dis
c h a rg e d a
g ain s t th em o nl
y u n lo a de d m u s k e t s, wh e r e u po n t h e ,

T a hi v i as ex c lai m e d t h a t t h e i r g o dde ss h a d m e l t e d t h e b u llet s,

so t hat n o t h in g but sm o k e sh o u ld com e fr o m t h e g u ns

out .

F i n di n g t h a t t h ey c ou ld not en ter the Ban k , t h e T alav ias

m a rc h e d t h ro u g h t h e t o wn . O u t si de t h e t o wn , h o we v e r, t hey

we re o v e r t ak e n b y t h e H az ur D e pu t y C o lle c t e r an d M ag ist rate

M r Ba m anji E da lji M o di
. an d t he Po li c e I n spe c t o r t h e lat e M r .

K r i sh n a R ao G ajan an d wh o wi t h , ,
a fe w m e n h as t i ly pi c k e d u p
fro m t h e P o l ic e l i n e s h a d , se t o ff i n pu rsu i t N e .ar a c u l v e rt a

sl ig h t e n g ag e m e n t t o o k pl ac e ,
i n wh ic h fo u r Po li c e m e n were
wo u n de d , one of t h e m fa t a lly . M r M o di i s
. al so sai d t o h a ve
h ad a n ar ro w e sc a pe fr o m t h e ws fr e e ly di sc h a rg e d b y t he
a r ro

T alav i as . T h e P o l ic e t h e n fi re d o n t h e m k i ll i n g fi v e a n d wou n
,

din g t h e sam e n u m b er . A ft e r t h e se c o n d v o l le ,
y t h e T a lav ids
fl ed ,
d i n t h e i m m e di a t e pu rsu i t fo r t y o f t h e m we re c apt u re d
an
,

wh i l e m an y o t h e rs i n c l u di n g Lak h a Bh ag a t we re su b se q u e n t ly
, ,

a r re s t e d
“
t
T h ey we r e o f c o u rse pro c e e de d ag ai ns t an d Lak h a, as
.

we ll as t wo
h is pr i n c i pa l a dh e re n t s, we re h an g e d a t t h e sc ene
of

o f t h e c ri m e F i ft y o n e we re s e n t e n c e d b y t h e S e ssi o n s Ju d e
-

g
.

t o t ra n s po r t a t i o n fo r l i fe , b u t t h e H ig h C o u r t re m i t t e d t h e sen

t e n c e s o f se v e n t e e n o f t h es e . One of t h e r i n g - le a de rs, s t l e d
y t he
M at a wh o h ad
,
e sc a pe d, was a ft e r wa rds c a pt u re d an d
pl ac e d on

T h at day was t h e day o f t h e S u k al t i rt h fai r, an d, h ad t h e prog ram

o f t h e ri o t e rs n o t b e e n arre st e d, t h ey wo u l d i n al l pro b ab ili t y h av e c om .

wi t t ed h avo c am o ng t h e pi lg ri m s . an d do ne v e ry se ri ous m isc h i e f .

 3 01 D I ST U R BANCE A r D nom
' ’
a .

h i s t ri a l , but o wi n g t o h is i de n t i t y not b ei ng sat i sfa c t o ri l y

pro v e d , t h is s o c a l le d M ata was disc h a rg e d .

A no th er t h o u gh ,
a l e ss i m po r t a n t d is t u r b a n c e ,
o c c u rr e d o n

the 3 0t h of A u g u st 1 8 8 7 at t h e t o wn of D h o l k a wh e n , t he

) [ u s a l m an s i n ,
re t r i b u t i o n fo r t h e H i n d u t ra de rs h a v i n g c lo s e d

t h e ir s h o ps o n t h e B a k r i I d da y , m a r c h e d t h r o u g h t h e
-
c ity in

p r o c e ss i o n , t ak in g wi t h t h e m a co w wh i c h i n s pi t e o f t h e
, . re m o u s

t ra n c e s of t h e S u b o r d i n a t e M ag i s t ra t e an d t h e pr i n c i pa l H i n du s ,

t h e v k i l le d i n t h e m i ddle ofthe m ar k e t , c lo se to a H i n du t e m ple .

T h e y d re sse d t h e t h e re an d t h en a n d r e c k le ssl d d
c a rc ase , y par a e

it m,
uch to t he an n o
y a nc e o f t h e H i n du s wh o h a d , a sse m b le d t o

p re v e n t t he s l a u g h t e r. T h e lo c a l fi c e r s , o n ly
of wi t h t h e u t m o st

d i fi i c u l t y m a n ag e d t o pre se r v e t h e pe ac e a n d pre v e n t i m m e di a t e
,

b l o o ds h e d T h e wr i t e r o f t h e se pa g e s wh o was t h e n D i s t r ic t
.
,

D e pu t y C o l le c t o r and M a g i s t ra t e at A h m adab ad , on h e ar i n g of

t h e d i s t u r b a n c e , lo s t no t i m e i n pr o c e e di n g t o D h o l k a wi t h t h e
P o l ic e I n spec t o r , M r A F G re y wh o b r o u g h t wi t h h i m
. . .
, a fe w
P o l i c e m e n b o t h h o r se
,
an d fo o t ,
fro m t h e h e ad q u a r t e rs . Mr .

G B R e i d t h e n C o llec t o r
. .
, d D i s t r ic t M a g is t ra t e a lso c am e u p
an
,

a n d a m o s t s e a rc h i n g e n q u i ry wa s i n s t i t u t e d i n wh i c h fo u r t e e n ,

o f t h e pe rs o n s a r ra i n e d fo r t h e d i s t u r b a n c e we re c o n v i c t e d a n d
g
se n t e n c e d to v a r io u s t e rm s of i m pri so n m e n t , a n d o r de re d to
fu r n i s h se c u r i t y fo r t h e ir g o o d c o n du c t fo r o ne
y e a r .

T h e y e a r 1 8 90 was an i m po r t a n t o ne in t he a d m i n i s t ra t i o n

f C a m b ay . T h e pe o ple of t h at st a t e h a d lo n g b e e n ex pe c t i n
g
t h e i n t ro du c t i o n o f t h e B r i t ish S u r v e y rat e s in t h e ir v i ll a
g e s,

an d we re g r ie v o u s ly d isappo i n t e d on le a r n i n g t h a t no t onl
y was

t h e fo r m er s
y s t e m to b e re t a i n e d, bu t the ra t e s o f asse ss m e n t s

we re t o h e e n h an c e d . T he o
ppo s i t i o n o f t he v i lla
g e rs in t he
m onth of S e pt e m b e r t o o k t h e fo r m o f o e n r e s is t a n c e ,
p wh e n t h ey
h e ld C a m b ay i n a st a t e o f sie
g e
‘
. A c c o rdi n g ly t h e Po l i t i c a l

0 Se e Bo m b ay A dm i ni st rat io n Repo rt for 1 8 9 0- 9 1 . p8 8 “ 9 M 10 .

 ’ ’
303 D aeorrms m K A T HIA

se v e ra l dac o i t ies, t o o k pl ac e b e t we e n t h em
an d so m e e n c o u n t e rs

an d t he Po lic e o f D h ran a dh ra M o r v i , N av an ag a r an d o t h e r
g ,

St a t e s . T h e A g e n c y a n d S t a t e Po l ic e h a v i n g fa i l e d t o t e rm i n a t e
t he c a re e r o f t h e n e w g a n g s s e c i a l m e a su re s f o r t h e i r a r r e s t
p ,

we re t a k e n b y G o v e r n m e n t T h e se c om r i se d the o i n tm en t o f
.
p a
pp
se v e r a l a dd i t i o n a l E u ro pe a n P o l ic e o fi i c e rs an d the re i n fo rc c
-

m ent of t h e lo c a l P o li c e b y de t a c h m e n t s o f re g u la r t ro o ps , b o t h

c a v a l ry a n d i n fa n t r y O n M o n da y t h e 2 9 t h of De c e m b e r 1 8 9 2 .

Lie u t e n a n t H L G o rdo n wh o h a d
. .
,
o n ly l a t e ly b e e n a
pp o i nt e d
A ss is t a n t S u pe r i n t e n de n t of t h e A g e n c y P o l ic e , r e c e i v e d i n fo r m a

t io n t h a t c e r t a in M iai n zi da c o i t s we r e i n t h e
. v ic i ni t y . T hat o fi ic e r ,

wi t h se v e n t e e n o r e i h t e e n s o
g wars ,
a t o nc e m a rc h e d a
g a in s t t hem ,

an d t u rn i n g t h e m t o t h e R a n o f K h o di ar ,
fe l l u
p on t hem ,
an d
des t r o y e d t h e e n t i re b and o f ab o u t a do z en . Lie u t e n a n t
G o rdo n wh i le,
r u sh i n
g b ra v e l
y fo r wa r d wa s k i l le d r e c e i,v i n
g ,

le ss t h a n n in e b u l le t wo u n ds A Da t e dar a n d a N ai k o f t h e
’

no .

Ag enc y P o li c e a lso fe l l ,
and t h re e so wars we r e wo u n de d . It
b e i ng e v i de n t t h at t h e c h ie f o f M al ia wa s u n a b le to c o n t ro l h is
m o re re fr a c t o ry s u b e c t s , t h a t j S t a t e h as , s inc e Se pt e m b e r 1 8 9 2 ,

b ee n lac e d u n de r t h e d i re c t m a n ag e m e n t of t h e Age nc v
p .

A no t h e r e v en t wo r t h r e c o rdi n
g wa s t h e b re a k i n
g ou t in to
o pe n fi g h t of t he lo n g s t a n di n g a n i m o s i t ie s b e t we e n t h e H i n du s

an d M u s u l m an s of P ra b h fis Pdt a n i n J u n ag h ad, wh ic h re s u l t e d

in se r i o u s l o ss o f l i fe a n d de s t r u c t i o n of
p ro
p e rt
y . T he a
g i t a t i o n

c a u se d b y t he sy m pa t h i z e rs o f t h e t wo p a r t ie s in Bo m b ay wa s so

g re a t t h a t t h e c o n t a g io n s
p re ad t o t h a t t o wn wh e re ,
a ls o se r i o u s

r io t s t o o k plac e i n A u g u s t 1 8 9 3 b e t we e n t h e lo we r c la ss e s o f

H i n d u s a n d M u h a m m a da n s ,
a n d re su lt e d n o t o nlv i n t h e de s t r u c
t io n of t e m ple s and m o sq u e s, b u t i n l o ss of l ife on b o th s i de s .

T he r io t s
g re w to su c h
p p
r o o rt io n s t h a t i t b e c am e n e c e s sa r v to

o b t a in t he a ss is t a n c e o f t h e m il i t a ry t o pu t t h e m do wn .

“ 00 0”
 3 04

C HA PT ER XX .

Brie f no t i c e o f t he a rran
g e m e nt s m ade fo r t h e C i v i l A dm i n i s t ra t i o n
o f t he P ro v i n c e fro m t h e t i m e t h at G ujau i t c am e int o t he
po s se s s i o n of t h e Bri t i s h G o ve rn m e n t C o n c l u s i on .

F ROM 1 8 00 T o 1 8 9 2 A .

Hav i ng i n t h e pre c e di n g t h r ee c h a pt e rs
, , n a rr a t e d t h e c h i ef

po l i t i c LI a n d o t h e r o c c u rr e n c e s s u b s e u e n t
q to t he pe r io d wh en
i t ple as e d t h e A l m ig h t y t o pla c e G uj arat u n de r t h e b e n ig n r ule

of t h e Br i t i sh G o v e r n m e n t i t i s no w ou r l asin d t t o i a
, p e
g u y
dic at e b r i e fl v t h e fe a t u re s of t he a r ra n g e m e n t s i n t r o d u c e d b y

t h e E a st I n d i a C o m pa n y fo r t h e i n t e rn a l a dm i n i s t ra t i o n o f t he

c o u n t ry . T o do t h is i n de t a i l wo u l d re
q u i re a m inu t e st u dy of

t he r e c o rds o f G o v e rn m e n t an d other a u t h o r i t i es , an d wo u ld
m o re o v e r fi l l p a se ar a t e v o l u m e
I t i s t h e re fo r e
p p
r o o s e
. d b r i e fly
to n o t i c e o n ly t h e m o s t i m po r t an t o f t h e c h a n e s i n t r o du ced
g .

In A D 1 8 00 a n A c t was passe d fo r r eg u lat i n g t h e a dm i n ist ra

. .

t io n of t h e t h en ne wly a c q u i re d dis t r i c t of S u ra t . I n 1 8 02 , a

C o lle c t o r of Lan d R e v e nu e was a

pp o in t e d fo r t h at di st ri c t his ,

d u t i e s b e i n g de fi ne d b y R e g u la t i o n 1 3 passe d i n t h e sam e y ear .

A R e v e n u e C o m m iss io n wa s a l so i n st i t u t e d t o i n q u i r e i n t o t he
se v e r a l t e n u re s t h e n ex i st i n g . On t h e re c o m m e n da t i o n o f t hat

C o m m i ss io n ,
t de t a ile d a n d sc i e n t i fi c su r v e y of t h e Broac h
d ist r ic t was com m en c ed as e ar l
y as 1 81 1 , an d i n l i t t l e m ore
t h an t wo y e a rs t h i s wo r k wa s com p l e t ed T
. h e b e n e fi t s t o b e

de ri v e d t h e r e fro m b e in g o b v i o u s, t h e S u r v e y was e x t en ded t o

“
o th er di s t ri c t s o f G u an i t
j . T h i s was c all e d t h e M aj i Ja ri f ”
o r old

su r v e
y wh,i e h h as b e e n su
pe r se de d s i n c e 1 853 b y a re
g u l ar sy s t e m
of Re v e n u e S u r v ey a n d c lass i fi c a t i o n o f A sse ss m en t Th ese
’
. are,

A d e t ai l e d ac c o u n t o f t h e Re v e nu e A dm i n i s t rat i o n i s i ven in
g
M r Ro g e rs re c e n t ly pu b li s h e d H i st o ry of t h e R ev e nu e
’
Vo l I of . A dmi
n i s t rat i o n o f t h e Bo m b ay Presi de nc y .
 3 05 Cm n A nm m srau '
x on.

i n t h e i n t e re st of the ry o t s,
g u ara n t e efo r t h e lon g peri o d o f
d
t hi rt y y ears, an d h av e c o n t ri b u t e d g r e at ly t o t h e i r c o n v e n i e n c e .

I n t h e K ai ra C o l le c t o rat e larg e t r ac t s we re fl oo de d, e v e ry

y e a r c au si n
g t h e reb y g re at l o ss i n c u l t i v a t i o n an d a h i g h deat h
rat e . T h e G o v ern m e n t ac c o rdi n l
g y u n de r t o o k e x t en si v e drai n ag e
wo rk s whi c h i n
, c o u rse o f t i m e h a v e pro v e d v er
y su c c e ssfu l in
re m e d i n t h e v il S t i pe n di ary A c c o u n t an t s c al le d T alat i s
y g e .
, ,

we re ap o in t e d
p in A . D . 1814 1
— 5 to r e a l i se the re v e n u e di r e c t
fro m t h e r
y o t s ,
i n st ead of t h ro u g h fa rm e r s wh o were o ft e n o p

pres s i v e to c u l t i v a t o rs , an d t o k ee p c o rr e c t st at i st i c a l an d

fi n an c ial re g i st e rs . In 1 8 2 7 e l a b o rat e re
g u la t i o n s we r e j u di
c i o u sl f m d f t h t i t t i f t h d i t i t d i l l
y ra e o r e c o n s u o n o e s r c an v a
g e

P o li c e an d fo r t h e c o n du c t o f t h e C i v i l R e v e n u e an d C ri m i n al
, ,

j u r isdi c t io n , as we l l a s o n a v ar i e t y o f o t h e r su b e c t s j . In 1 8 2 9
t h e h o r ri b l e c ri m e o f Sat i ( se lf i m m o lat i o n of wo m e n aft e r the
dea t h of t h e i r h u sb an ds fo r t h e su ppre ssi o n o f wh i c h G o v e rn
m e n t h ad lo n g m ade st re n u o u s e x e rt i o n s , was pro h i b i t e d b y law ,

a n d a b e t t o rs we re m ade c r i m i na l ly re s
po n si b l e .

As rds the c it y o f A hm adab ad i t h as already b een

re
g a ,

m e n t io n e d t h a t t h e t o wn du t i es h ad b e e n r e d u c e d, a ft e r wh i c h
its c om m e rc e ra i
p ydl re v v e i d . T he c it y -
wall h a d falle n t o
ru i n s , an d as a c o n se q u e n c e t h e ft s an d ro b b e r i e s h ad b e c o m e
fre q u e n t . I t was ,
t h e re fo r e , i n t h e y e ar 1 8 3 2 t h o r o u g h ly re

pa i re d o u t o f t h e pro c e e ds o f a s pe c i a l v o l u n t a ry c e ss, c a l le d t he

K o t fe e -
t o wn -
wall fe e T h e b ala n c e re m ai n i n g o v e r b ecam e
t he n u c le u s of a M u n i c i pa l fu n d ,
wh i c h h as si n c e
pro v e d o f

m u c h b en e fi t t o t he c it y . M an y u se fu l pu b li c sc h e m es h av e
been c o m pl e t e d , pro m in en t a m o n g st wh ic h ,
in re c e n t t i m es, i s

t he wa t e r su pply fo r t h e c it y . T h is was c arr i e d o u t m ai n ly

t h ro u g h t h e adv o c ac
y of t he e ne rg e t i c Pre s i de n t of t h e M un i

c i pa l i t y , t h e Ho n o u rab le Rao Bah ad u r Ran c hh o dlal C h h o t fl dl,

C I E , at a c ost
. . o f ab o u t e ig h t lac s o f ru pe e s . T h e work s were
39
 3 07 C IVIL A DM I NI STRAT I ON .

In t h e n at i v e st at es t oo e du c a t i o n al ress h as b e e n al
, p g
ro

m o st q y u al l
i d d d i ff ra d T h e du c a t i o n al wo rk i n
e
p a n u se e .

Ba ro da h as al re ady b ee n a llu de d t o Bh av n ag ar h as . an A rt s
C o ll e g e of its o wn , a n d i t i s pl easi n g t o m en t io n t h at t h at st at e ,
a n d a l so m a n y o t h e rs, h a v e l i b e ra l ly pro v i de d fo r t h e e du c at i o n
of t h e ir j
su b e c t s . Be fo re t h e c o u n t ry c a m e i n t o t h e po sse ssi o n
of t h e E a st I n dia C o m pan y , t h e o n ly s c h o o l s wh i c h a re k n o wn
to h av e ex i st e d fo r t h e e du c a t i o n of t h e m asse s we re t h o se
m ai n t a i n e d b y ri v at e sc h o o l m ast e r s, m o st ly Brah m an s an d
p ,

t h e st an dard o f e du c at i o n m ay b e j u dg e d fro m t h e fac t t h a t

b o y s wh o h ad l e ar n t m e r e ly t o r e ad an d wr i t e an d t o k e e p a ,

fe w s i m ple ac c o u n t s we re re
g ar de d as h av i n g fi i
n sh e d t h eir
e du c at i o n N o n e t h e l e ss i n ,
s
pi t e of di ffi c u l t i e s, se v e ra l m en

of li t e rary re u t at i o n fl o u r i sh e d i n t h e pro v i n c e N am e s of
p .

so m e o f t h e se a re i v e n b e lo w
g
1 . Bh alan Po e t b o r n , at P at a n i n -
or ab o u t Sam v at
1 4 95 , A D 1 4 39
. .

Bh alan Bh i m
’
2 . s so n .

E h im
'
3 e c ont em N rs i M e h t a
.

po ra r
y a ,
.

4 . S é m a lb h a t , b o rn at t h e v i llag e o f S ih uj Ta lu k a ,

M ah m u dab ai l .

S é m al s P re m an an d b o rn
’
c o n t em po y
ra , , at Baro da
in o r ab o u t S am v a t 1 4 8 8 A D 1 4 32
. .

P re m an an d s Va llab h
’
6 . so n .

7 . B ay aram K av i of C h an do d .

8 . Da l pat ram Day ab h Ai C I E ,

. . .

9 . N a r b adas h a k a r Lalsh a n k a r .

T he u n de r -
m e n t io n e d a re the c h ie f M u sa lm an h ist o ri an s
of G uj arat

1 . A li M u h am m ad K h an , au t h o r o f t h e M i rat i A h m adi
- -
.

2 . S i k an dar b i n M u h am m ad , o r, M anjah , au t h o r of

t h e M i rat i Si k andari- -
.
[ P ART 4 . C HAP . 3 08

3 . Hal v ai S h i raz i , au t h o r o f t he T awarl k h i A h m adi- -

.

4 . Ab u T u ral) , au t h o r o f Tawari k h i G uja rAt

- -
.

5 . H al l K h an ,
Po e t ,
wh o fl ou ri sh e d i n t h e t ime of

S u l t an M ah m u d Be g ada .

Last t o b e m e n t i o n e d b u t ,
not t h e l east , ar e t h e m ean s o f c o m
m u n i c at i o n so v e ry n ec e ssa ry fo r t h e de v e l o pm e n t of t rade an d

c om m e rc e . I t m ay sa fe ly b e
sa i d t h at , b e fo r e t h e c o u n t ry c am e

i n t o Bri t i sh po sse ssi o n t h e re was n o t a m e t all e d o r m ade ro ad i n

,

t h e pro v i n c e S h o r t ly a ft e r t h e E ast I n dia C o m pan y assu m ed

.

t h e Go v e r n m e n t of G uj arat ,
a
g o o d r o ad was c o n st r u c t e d fro m
t h e po r t o f G o g h a, v i a D h an dh u k aan d d l tt t o Ah m adab a
, d and

t h en c e t o H a r so l , a le n gt h o f on e h u n dr e d an d si x t y t wo m iles
-
.

A ft e r t h i s a b ran c h fro m S ark h ej t o V i ram g am , a di st anc e of

t h i rt y m i le s wa s , c o n s t ru c t e d a t a c o s t o f u p war ds of t wo h un
d re d t w en t y
-
si x t h o u san d r u pe e s . S in c e t h e n n u m e r ou s roads

an d b ri dg es h av e b ee n c o n st ru c t e dt h ro u g h o u t t h e pro v i n c e at
a n e n o r m o u s c o st , t o t he re a t de v e l o m e n t o f t r ade S i 1 8 60
g p n c e .

st i l l
g re at e r b e n efi t s h av e b e e n c o n fe rr e d o n the c o u n t ry b y t he
B B. . C I R a i l way
. .
, a l so b y t h e Raj pu t an a M al wa Ra i lway
o pe n e d i n 1 8 77, an d by the se v e ral K at h i awa
r railway s c on
st ru c t e d si n c e 1 880 b y t h e c h i e fs o f Bh av an ag a r, Go n dal Ju nfl ,

g adh , Po rb an dar an d M o rv i .

T h ese fac ili t i e s h a v e g r e at ly i m prov e d t h e c o n di t i t i o n o ft he

b
eo pl e ,o t h t rade rs an d ag r i c u lt u ri st s wh o se pro du c e n e w fi nds
p ,

i t s way t o t h e r e m o t est par t s o f t h e c o u n t ry an d t o fo re ig n lands,

wh e re as fo rm e rly t h e de m an d was fo r t h e m o st part c o n fi n ed t o

t h e pro v i n c e i t se l f, an d p ri c es we re c o n se q u e n t ly lo w .

W i t h all t h ese ad v an t ag e s t h e fac i li t i es affo rde d b y postal ,

an d t e l e g r aph i c c om m u n i c at i o n m u st n o t b e lost sig h t of

. Th ese

are no t c on fi n e d t o c i t i es an d t o wns alone , b u t arran em ent s for

g
 3 09 C IVIL A DM INI STRATION .

r e c e i pt an d de li v ery of l e t t e rs h av e b e e n ex t e n de d t o t h ose v il

lag e s wh e re t h e re a re sc h oo l s , an d le t t e r b o x l ac e d at m o st
e s ar e p
of t he sm a l l er v ill ag e s e v e n . T h u s fo r t h e t ri fl i n g c ost o f a

u art e r or h al f an an n a , a l l pe rso n s are e n ab l e d to c o m m u n i c at e

q
wi t h t h e m o st di st an t par t s o f I n di a .

As e du c a t i o n , an d wi t h i t t h e c o n di t i o n an d st at u s o f the
o ple i n c rease d G o v e rn m e n t c reat e d n e w po st s su c h as t h o se of
pe ,

D e pu t y C o l le c t o rs an d M ag i st ra t e s J u dg e s o f S m a l l C au se C o u rt s
,

an d o t h e r a ppo i n t m e n t s . G o v e rn m e n t h a v e al s o rai se d t h e pay

an d g rade s o f S u b o rdi n at e J u dg es an d M am lat dars ( R e v e m e

o fli c e rs wi t h m ag i st e ri a l po we rs an d h av e o pe n e d to n at i v es,

on t h e i r pas si n g a c ert a i n st an dar d o f e x a n i m at i o n in E n g lan d,

a ppo i n t m e n t s i n t h e C i v il S e r v i c e , wi t h t h e re su l t t h at no w
n at i v e g e n t l e m e n a re h o l di n g so m e o f t h e m o st re s
po n si b le a
p
o

po i n t m en t s in t h e Re v en u e , Ju di c ial ,
E du c at io n al , Po st al an d

o t h er de part m e n t s , ap o i n t m e n t s
p fo rm e rly r e se r v e d fo r E u ro

p e an O fli c e rs a l o n e . It is t o t h e c r e di t o f the n a t i v e s al so t h at
t h e y h av e g e n e ra l ly di sc h arg e d fa i t h fu l ly a n d e fli c i e n t ly t h e

h ig h t ru st s r e po se d i n t h e m E ac h o f t h e H ig h C o u rt s h as a
.

n a t i v e j u dg e o n i t s Be n c h an d n at i v es h a v e se a t s i n t h e Le i s
,
g
lat i v e C o u n c ils wh i c h h a v e
,
v er
y lat e l
y b e e n e n lar
g e d in o rde r

t o pro v i de fo r t h e b e t t e r r e pre se n t at i o n O f t h e pe o pl e T h e ri g h t .

o f i n t e r pe l la t i o n h as a l so b ee n g r an t e d u n de r c e rt ai n c o n

di t io n s an d rest ri c t i o n s .

Pe ac e ab road an d t ran u i ll i t
q y at h om e are t h e m o t t o es of

t h e Br i t i sh G o v e rn m e n t i n I n dia . By t h e fe u ds of nei
g h b o u rs ,

t h e q u ar re l s O f c h i e fs , an d t h e st r i fe o f n at i o ns, t h e i n h ab i t an t s
of G uj arat we re fo r h u n dre ds o f y e a rs e x po se d t o all t h e losses
, ,

a n d h o rr o r s wh i c h c i v i l wa r an d fo re i n i n v asi o n can b ri n
'

g g
u po n a peo pl e I rre g u lar an d ar b i t rar t a t i f d l b o u r,
.

y x a o n o rc e a ,

u n c e rt a i n t y o f po s e ss i o n re l i g i u t i l d i
s , o s pe rse c u o n , p u n er n g, ex

t o rt ion , t ort u re and m urder, t h ese were t oo frequent ly t he

 317

APPENDIX 0 .

Li st f
o K i n g s f
o t he Chav ada dy n as
.t y .

FR OM A D . . To A D . PE RIOD or REIGN .

Van Raj 74 6 8 06 60 y ears .

8 06 841 35

Ks h e m RAj 841 8 66 25

Bh u v ad 8 66 8 95 29

V i r Si n h 8 95 92 0 25

Ra t n a Di t y a . 92 0 935 15

Sem an t Si n h . 9 35 94 2 7

T OT AL 1 9 6 y ears .
 32 3

APPENDIX 0 .

Li st o f S i r kdr sp r d i st r
f
i c t s i n Guj ar at i n t h e t i m e o f
t he M u h a m m a da n Su ltan s .

1 . C en tral pl ai n o f G uj ara t .

1 .Pat te n . 5 . Baro da .

2 .Ah m adabad . 6 . B roach .

3 . Go dh ra . 7 . N an do d .

4 . C h a m pa n e r . 8 . S u rat .

II . I n t h e N o r th .

1 . Jo dh pu r .

2 . J h alo r .

III . In the No rE ast

th -
.

l . D u n g arpu r .

2 . Ban swa da (n o w i n Ma ura ) .

IV . In t h e E as t So E ast
an d u th -
.

1 . N an du rb ar (n o w i n Kh an desh ) .

2 . Mu lh er i n N asi k .

3 . Ram n ag ar (D h aram p u r) n o w i n Surat , .

V . In t h e Sou th .

1 .D an da Rajpu r (JanJe ) .

2 . Bom bay n o w i n t h e K onk an

.

3 . Bas se i n .
.

4 . D am an (no w h el d b y t h e Po rt u g u ese ) .

VI . I n t h e W e st .

1 . S om n ath .

2 . S o rat h . no w in Kat h iawar .

3 . N av anag ar ,

VII . In t h e No rth -W est,

1 . Kac h h .

Tot al 2 5 .
 32 4

R upees .

l . T he te rri t ori al re venu e o f t h e abov e 25

distric t s y i e l de d

2 . T ribu te from t h e l
ru e rs o f A h m adn ag ar ,

m ap u r ,
B e ra r , G o lk on daan d B u rh an pu r
3 .C u stom du es f rom 2 5 ports o n t h e western
c oast o f I n di a an d 2 6 f o re i g n por ts som e o f th e m ,

i n I n di a an d o th e rs i n t h e Pe rsian G u lf an d alo n g
t h e A rab i an Coast
'

T o tal .

N OT E . T he t o f re v e n u e m e n tion e d i n i tem 1 ap pears

am o u n

to be th at rec o v e re d i n A D 1 5 71
. . .

T h at i nite m 2 sh o ws t h e re v enu e p ri o r t o Su l t an Bah a

du r s de ath i n as m u c h as t h e tri bu te fro m po r ts h e l d b y
’
,

t h e P ort u g u ese a n d t h e D eccan k i ng s c eased af te r t h at

S u l tan s death
’
.

I te m 3 g i v es t h e am ou n t real iz ed prio r t o 1 5 60 A . D .
 32 5

APPENDIX 11 .

Li st f
o S i r k dr s di st r i c t s du r i n g t h e M u g ha t R u le .

O f t h e 2 5 di stri c ts m e n tion e d i n
App e n di x G . the fo llowing
we re re a n n e x e d to t h e i r o ri g i n a l p ro v i n c e s by t h e E m p e ror
A k b ar s o rde r i n o r a bou t A D 1 5 78
’
. . .

g gzghg
ur
Tran sfe rre d t o Rajp u tan a .

3 . Nag o r . Tran sfe rre d t o Aj m e r .

4 1
g 23n a
2 Tran sfe rre d t o Kh an desh
"

11 1 5
.

6 . B asse i n Re m ai n e d i n t h e po s
7 . s e ss io n o f t h e Portu
8 . Da m a n .
g u e s s .

9 . D a n da Raj pu r , G i v e n to o n e o f t h e ru l ers o f
J anji ra A h m adn ag ar as do wry on

t he oc c asion o f h is m ar
ri ag e wi th B ah a du r S h ah s
’

dau g h te r .

Th ere r em a n e d s i ixteen S i rk ars o f wh ic h si x were h e l d b y

,

Zam i n dars , or fe u dal ch i e fs p ay i ng tribu te t o G o vernm en t

,
.

1 . Kac h h . 4 . Ram n ag ar (D h aram pu r) .

2 . S i ro h i . 5 . D u ng arpu r .

3 . S om nath . 6 . Banswada .

T he rem ai n ng i t en di st ri c t s we re adm i ni st e red b y Im

p eri al c mcc t e .

No . o f su bdi vi sions .

1 . A h m adab ad 33
2 . Brooc h 14

3 . P‘t au 17
 An an d R60 Gée k wéd Mah a
ra ,
A b h e sin g h , 1 7 1 — 1 75 , 1 79 .
j 2 24

A bu 2 6 3 1 3 8 3 9 8 1 82 .
A n g r ia pi ra tes 1 9 4 ,
.

, , , , , ,

Adalaj ba ttl e of 1 7 1
, ,
.
A n h i l war Pa tan fo u n di ng ,
of

we ll at , 95 .
1 0, 1 1 ; 2 0, 2 2 , 4 3 , 4 6 ,

A h m ad K h attu G j an — Bak sh 1 08 , 1 2 2 , 1 65 .

S h ek h 65 66 79 an d n 8 0
, , , , ,
.
Ara bs 7 2 2 5 2 2 6 2 4 8
, , , , .

A h m ad S h ah A bdali 1 9 6 , .
A rtis o r Adds battl e of , ,
1 66 ,

Ah m ad Su lt an I fo un ds .
2 03 , 2 04 , 2 07 .

Ah m adabad 65 69 ; h is e x ,
- Arju n De v 4 7 , .

pl o i t s , 70— 78 ; 9 5 9 6 , . AS15 , or Ash é . Bh i l , 2 7, 65 .

A h m a d Sul tan II 1 30 1 3 2
— . . A s h é v al Asé rv a 2 7, 6 2 , 63 ;
, or ,

A h m adabad foun din g o f 65 D ada Hari s we l l at 9 5

’
.
, , ,

6 9 ; t a k e n by A kbar 1 3 5 ; 1 3 8 , , A s ok a , or Ash o k a t h e G rea t 2 ,

1 3 9 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 5 3 ; h alf of t h e
,
-
, As SAy e , b a t t le of ,
2 44 .

c i ty m a de o v e r to t h e M a ra A u ran g z e b ,
1 4 9 , 1 5 5 , 1 5 6, 1 6 1
t h a8 1 8 0 1 8 2 ;joi n t rul e o f t h e
, ,
— 1 63 .

Pe sh wa an d t h e G ae k wad , Au th ors : H i n du Pe ri o d 5 3 , .

—
1 90 1 9 3 ; 2 1 0 2 1 1 , an d ,
'
n; 219 Late r Pe ri o ds 307 , .

—2 2 3 :t a k e n b
y t h e E n g l i sh , 2 4 l A z a m K h an s palac e 1 5 4 ’

, .

an d n : s u b s e q u e n t i m p ro v e B .

m e n ts a n d p ros pe ri ty 2 8 1 ; , Babi 1 7 1 , 1 73 an d 1 84 ,
,

2 8 3 ; fl oo ds St e 2 9 7 2 9 8 ; 305 , , .
1 97 .

A h m adn ag ar foun din g o f 75 , , Bah adu r , so n o fM u z afi a r ,

'

II I .
,

1 02 ,
1 6 1 , 2 76 2 77 , .
1 48 , 1 4 9 .

Aj ay Pal 3 7 ,
.
Ba h adu r G i l an i , 9 1 , 92 .

Aj m e r 1 5 4 0 1 1 5
, , ,
.

Bah adu r S li é h , k i ng of G uj
Akbar t h e G re a t 1 34 —1 4 9
, , . rat , 1 06— 1 2 3 .

A lé u d d i n K h ilji 4 8 —5 0; 5 5
- -
, .
Baji R60 1 .

Ba i M o II
'

A l i M u h am m ad K h an Auth o r Se e Pe sh wi
o f t he M i rti t i A h m adi l - -
,
Ba Aji I .

oi n t e d Béd s h éh i D i wa n
,
Balaji Bay Rao
a
p
.

1 4 1 91 Ba si n o r,
g
,
. 1 74 , 1 8 5 , 1 8 6, 1 95 ,
A n an d Mog ri , batt le o f , 78 . 1
 3 36

Bapé, founder o f the Mewar Ch arles II 1 5 7; transferred .

,

dyn as ty 5 1 n ,
'
. to t h e East I n di a Com pany ,

Baro da 65 an d n
, , 97 a n d 21 , 1 5 8 ;fi ig h t o fB aj i Rao Pesh wa
1 41 — 1 4 3 1 5 2 , 1 6 2 ; ta k e n ,
by to 2 2 8 ; ri o ts o f 1 8 93 3 03
, ,
.

P i laji 1 6 6— 1 70; t ak e n by Bo rradai le M r A A 8 1 , . . n, 2 34 .

A b h e sin g h 1 73 ; ,
fi n ally re Borsad ,
1 8 3, 1 8 4 , —
1 8 6 1 88 ,

tak e n by t h e G ae k wad , 1 74 , 1 92 , 2 2 0 .

2 02 , 2 03 , 2 06 2 1 2 , 2 1 8 , 2 2 6, , B ri ti sh ,

2 5 7, 2 5 8 , 2 64 2 65 ,
.
se e E n g l ish .

Basse i n , 9 3 , 1 4 7, 2 02 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 5 , East In dia Com pan y .

228 .
B roac h 3 an d n ; 1 1 0;
,
'

Be h rti m G o r 1 2 , .
4
1 39 , 1 3 — 1 4 5 , 1 5 2 , 1 60, 1 61 ;
B ey t , 8 7, 2 4 1 2 60 ,
.
un de r t h e Nawabs 1 76 1 8 2 ; , ,

Bh ag v a t ai s y st e m o f r e v e n u e ,
2 01 ; ta k e n by t h e En g l ish ,

54 , 1 55, 2 3 0; Talav ia r iot at 2 9 9 ,

Bh at s of Nadi ad Trag a c o m ,

m i t t e d by 2 04 ,
.

Bh at ark ki n g 4 A pp e n d ix B ,
.
,
0 .

31 5 . C am bay , 3 an d n , 1 8 ; 3 1 , 32 ,
B h a v n ag ar fou n di n g of , ,
1 77; 4 6, 4 8 , 1 52,
2 03 , 2 4 8 an d n .
1 6 7, 1 79 , 1 9 1 , 1 9 5 , 2 1 6, 2 1 9,
B h il Co rps ,
2 79 , 2 93 .

3 01 302
, .

Bh ilapu r 1 5 7; ,
batt l e of ,
1 72 ;
C h am pa n er fou n ding o f 70 , ,

2 05
an d n ; 79 8 0; ta k en b y M ah
.
'
,

Bh im De v I .
,
—
1 9 2 2 , 2 5, 26.
m u d Be g adé. 8 9 , 9 0; 1 05 , 1 09 ,

Bh i m De v II .
, or B h i m B h olo ,

3 7— 4 4 .
C h am u n d 1 7— 1 9 , .

Bh o g i la l P ran v a lab h das , 2 1 1 .

C h a u th an d Sarde sh m u k h i ,

B h oj Raja 2 6 ,
. 1 63 an d n , 1 64 , 1 66, 1 67,
B h uj 2 2 5 2 4 7 2 72
, , ,
.
1 6 9 , 1 70, 1 78 .

Bh u wa r R aja 7 1 0—
,
.

C hav ada Ki n g s 2 7 9— 1 2 ; , , ,

Bodh an i n su rre c t ion at 2 4 6

, ,
. a pp e n dix C 3 1 7 , .

Bom bay u n de r t h e Guj arat

, C h i t or 70 8 1 8 2 1 01 — 1 03
, , , , ,

kin g s 9 2 ; g iv en i n dowry to
,
1 06, 1 1 4 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7, 1 2 1 n .
 337

Ch ok Ran a 5 8 72 , . D h ro l , batt le o f, 1 4 6, 1 4 7 .

Coi ns 3 an d n , ,
1 3 5 , 1 53 n, D i l wara 3 5 4 5 99 , , , .

1 58 ,
2 71 .
D i sarm in g th roug h o u t In dia ,

Co m p an y o f M e rc h an ts t rad 2 93 .

i n g t o t h e E ast I n di es 1 5 0 , . Di u , l an di n g o f t h e Parsi s at ,

S e e a l so E astI n di a Com pan y . 1 1 4 , 1 2 0; 1 2 2 , 1 2 3 ;

ac
q ui r e d by the Po rtu g u e se
D
,

1 24 an d n .

Dab isal i m , 23 an d n ,
24 .
D oh ad 2 9 73 8 0 9 8 1 09 1 6 5
, , , , , , .

D abh oi ,
4 7, 1 70, 1 73 2 05 , 2 1 0, , D u n g ar pu r 1 02 , .

241 .
D u n c an T h e H o n Jon at h an
, .
,

Dadab h a i N au ro z y 2 63 , 2 64 , 222, 228 .

an d n .
D u rlab h se n 1 9 , .

D am aj i G ae k wad I .
,
1 64 .
D u tc h 1 5 2 , .

D am aj i Gae k wad II .
,
1 72 , 1 73 , D war ka 2 8 7 2 60se e Krish na , , , , .

—
1 78 1 8 1 1 8 3
, ,
1 86 1 ,
—
88 1 9 0, E .

—
1 9 7 1 99 . E art h q u ak e of A D . . 1 8 1 9 , 66,
D am an t ak en by t h e Portu
,
67 .

g u e se 1 3 1 ; u n de r t h e Guj a rat
,
E ast I n di a Co m p an y 1 5 7 1 5 8 , , ,

S u l tan s 1 4 7 .
1 9 4 , 2 07 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 , 2 2 7, 2 3 6,
.
,

D ar iu s so n of Hy st aspe s 1 2
, ,
.
E du c a t io n ,
5 3, 2 71 , 2 8 3 , 2 8 4 ,

D au d Sul tan 8 2 .
3 06, 3 07 .

D au la t ab i d S e e B a ro da z . .
E lph i n s t o n e , T h e H o n M o u n t .

D e l h i 6 1 6 2 1 07; sac k e d by
, , ,
tu a r t 6 2 4 0 2 4 2 2 4 3
s , , , , .

Nadi r 1 8 1 n; 1 9 7 '
.
E n gli sh a dv e n t of t h e at, ,

D h ab ade 1 63 1 64 , , ,
1 7 1 — 1 74 ,
Su ra t 1 5 0 ; g ai n c o m m an d
,

187 .
of t h e S u ra t c astl e 1 9 6; t ak e
D h a n du k a 3 5 ,
an d n ,
45 .
B ro ac h 2 01 assu m e sol e
D h ar 2 8 73 9 9 1 01
, , , ,
. g o v e rn m e n t o f S u ra t 2 2 3 ; ,

D h a ra m pu r 1 4 0 1 4 9 1 5 0 1 60 a c q u i re possess io n o f t h e
, , , , .

D h o da p b att l e o f 1 9 8 , , .
Pesh wa s t e rri to ri e s 2 4 5 ’

, .

D h olka 2 4 5 4 6 1 4 2 1 70
, , , , , , F .

1 79 B ak r i I d di s tu rba n c e
—
, Fa i r a t Sti m lay 1 9 2 2 78 ; at
, , ,

3 01 .
S u k a] Ti rth 1 9 at See U ras , . .
 339
’

I .
K .

I dar , 60 an d n, 69 70 , , K ac h h , 3 9 , 1 6; 3 1
, , 5 0 1 4 6, ,

79 9 2 9 8 9 9 1 01
, , , ,
and n ,
1 02 , t appoi n tm e n t of Re
1 5 3; fi rs

1 39, 1 4 1 an d n ,
1 4 5, 1 55 s i de n t 2 4 7; de posa l o f Rav
,

1 5 7, 1 6 1 ; tak e n po ssession of B h arm al 2 72 ; i n sta llat ion o f

by t he Jo dh pu r fam ily 1 76 , Rao Desalj i 2 73 , .

an d n ; '
1 77, 1 8 6, 1 9 3 , 1 9 4 . Kadi 73 ; battles a t 2 1 9 2 2 4
, , , ,

J .

Kai ra 2 2 7 an d n .
,

Jafar Kh an , V i c e r oy of G uj a K a lian Rae of C am bay ,

46 .

rat , 5 9 , 60 6 2 , . S e e a l so Ka lol 9 5 9 6 , , .

M u z afi ar
’

S h ah .

Kan auj 1 3 4 3 1 , , , , .

J a h an g i r ,
E m pe ro r o f D e l h i , K an h oji G ae k wad ,
2 1 8 , 2 1 9,
151 — 1 53 2 24, 2 26
.
an d n .

Jai n s ,
3 1 , 3 5 , 3 7, 3 8 , 5 2 , 5 3; K a n ij , battle o f , 122 .

1 55 .
K a n i sh k a ( K an e k se n ) 3 5 , ,
.

T e m pl e A h m adabad buil t at K an k aria Tan k 8 1 , , an d n .

by S h e th Hath i si n g h 2 8 3 , .
K an t h aji K adam ,
1 66 , 1 6 7,
Ja nji ra u n de r t h e Guj arat
,
1 70, 1 77, 1 78 .

Sultan s 1 4 7 .
K a p adv anj , 8 0 1 66, 1 6 9, 1 79 , ,
,

Jam 1 3 n 1 4 5 1 5 7, 2 3 2 , 2 4 7 .
1 91, 2 26 .

, , ,

Ka ran G b e lo 4 7— 5 0
J a m es I k i n g of En g l an d 1 5 2
.
, , .
, .

Jam es M r H E M 2 3 5 Karan ( S o lan ki 2 6 2 7 , .

, . . . . .

K ar n av a t i , 2 7 an d n
'

J a m sh e d 1 3 2 1 ,
.
.

J a wan M ard K h an Babi 1 77 Ka t h iawar , 8 5 , 1 4 5 1 4 6, 2 3 1 ,

, ,
2 3 3 , 2 4 0; su pre m e po we r v es
1 84 -
1 86 , 1 8 8 1 90 1 9 1 , 1 9 3
, ,
.

t ed in t h e B r i t i sh Go v e rn
J ay s h e k a r C h av ada, ki n g of m en t 2 4 9 , 2 73 ; 3 02 3 03
, , , ap
Pa n c h as a r 7 8 , ,
.

pe n d i x J 3 30 . .

J h ala wa r ,
K h an de Rao Mah araj G ac k
J u n ag h ad ,
2 4; b e si eg e d an d
wad , 2 5 8 — 2 61 .

ta k e n by S idh raj 2 9 3 0; 5 7 , , , K h an de Rao Gae k wad Jag i r ,

6 0; 7 1 t ak e n by M ah m u d
, d ar o f K adi 1 8 7 1 8 8 1 9 3 , , , ,

B e gada 8 6 8 7 1 4 6 1 98 , ,
'

, . 2 02 2 06
, .
 340

K h u sh alc h an d N ag arsh e t h , Mah m u d Kh i lj i II .

, 9 8 — 1 01 ,

1 74 .
111, 112 .

Ki rki bat tl e o f 2 4 3 2 4 4
, , , .
Mah m u dabad (M e h m adab adl ,

K o n k an 3 5 , .
fou n di n g of 8 8 ,
.

Ko re g aon battl e o f 2 4 4 , ,
. M ai n al D e v i 2 7 2 8 ,
.

Ko ta 76 , . Malaj i Bh ons le 1 5 9 ,
.

Ko th Th akor of 5 1
, , . M al av Tan k D h olka 2 8 , , .

Kr i sh n a 2 ,
. Mal h ar Rao G ae k wad Jag i r ,

K sh t rapa k i n g s 3 a p pe n d ix , , dar o f Kadi 2 1 8 2 1 9 2 2 4 , , , ,

A 312
, . 225 an d n '
.

Keb e m Raj 2 6 , . Mal h ar Rao , G ae k wad Mah a

—
Ku m ar Pal 3 3 3 7 5 3 ra —
, , .
j , 2 6 2 2 6 6 .

Ku th u d di n Li e u te n an t of
- -
,
Malia 2 3 2 , , 3 03 .

S h i h ab u d di n G h o ri 4 2 -
, ,
.
Mal wa 2 8 , ,
2 9 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 4 7, 4 8 ,

Ku th u d di n S u ltan o f Guj a
- -
,
6 3 , 70, 72 , 73 76, 9 8 , 1 01 , 1 1 2 ,
.

rat , —
80 82 . M an aji G ae k wad M ah araj 2 1 7 , .

Ku th -
ul -
al am of Bat wa ,
83 .
M an dlik Rao , 71 8 5 8 6 , , .

Man dv i 2 4 6 an d 21
,
.

L .

Ma n sa 5 1 , .

Lak h u m al De v , 4 3
M an Saro v ar 2 8
.

.
,

Lo c al B oards
'

3 06 an d n
,
.

M an e k n at h 6 7 68 Godaria , , .

Lu n awada, 5 1
M ar at h 3s ri se o f t h e , 1 5 9 — 1 62 ;
.

M .
de fe at e d at Pan ipa t 1 9 6 , .

M adh a v Rao ,
se e Pe sh wa .
Mar ath a W ar t h e fi , rs t , 2 03
M adh av Rao , Si r T .
,
2 6 5 , 2 67 215 .

— 2 69 .
Mau rya k in g s 2 n, 3 n
, .

Mah i Kan th a 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 73 , , , , Mi rz as 1 2 3 , , 1 3 9, 1 4 1 ,
2 74 ; e s t abli sh m en t o f P oliti
c a Ag e n c y
l 2 5 2 —
7 ; 7 6 2 79 , .
Gob e l 5 7 5 8
M o k h e raj i , , .

M ah i m 7 6 9 2 , , . Mom i n Kh an 1 77 1 79 , , , 1 8 0,
Mah m u d B e g ada Sultan o f ,
1 8 2 1 8 3 , 1 9 1 , 1 9 3, 1 9 6, 2 1 6
, .

G uj arat 8 3 9 6 — ,
. C am b a y
Se e .

Mah m u d of G h az n i 1 — 25 , .
M u h am m ad S h ah I 79 8 0 .
, , .

M ah m u dl K h ilji I .
, 76 8 0 8 1 , , ,
Mu h am m ad S h ah II 1 2 4 , .

8 4, 8 5, 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 . Mu h am m ad Sh ah 1 29 -
.
Mul Raj I 1 1 —
12 1 5 18
P
.
.
, , ,
.

Mul Raj II 3 7 . .

M u n i c i pal i t l e s 3 05 ,
.
Pal an pu r 9 3, 1 8 5, 1 9 1 , 1 95,
,

Mut i n y of 1 8 5 7 285 ,
.
2 49 an d n , 2 5 0, 2 9 8 n .

M u z a fi a r S h a h I 63 6 4 S e e
'

.
, ,
.
Pa n c h M ah ala t h e c on tro l ,

a ls o Jafa r K h an .
t ra n s fe r re d t o t h e B riti s h ,

—
M u z a fi a r S h ah II 9 7 1 03 2 8 0 t roubl e s i n a n d T a ty a
'

.
,
. , ,

T o pi s rai d o n 2 8 9 2 9 0
’

M u z afi a r S h ah III 1 3 3 1 3 5
'
-
, ,
,
.
,

1 4 3— 1 4 7 .
N ae k rai n su rre c t io n i n 2 9 3 .

2 9 6 ; c e de d t o t h e B ri t i sh 2 9 6 ,
.

N .

P a n c h asar 7 8 , , .

Pan da v s 2
N adiad 1 08 2 03 2 04 2 2 5
.
,
, , , ,
Pa n i pa t b attl e s of 1 4 1 1 9 7
.

Nadi r S h ah 1 8 1 n
.
, , ,

—
Pa rsi s t h e ad v e n t o f 1 2 1 4
.
,
,

N ag a rs b ran c h e s of 4 7
, ,

49
.
, ,

Nan a Fadn av i s 2 09 2 1 3 1
.

2
, ,
Patan , see A n h i l war an d

P ra b h as Pa tan
Nan a op t e d so n of
.

ad Baji Rao
, ,
P a t ri 1 2 5 , ,
182 .

2 89 — 2 91 .

Pe sh wa
Na n dod , 62 ,
71 , 7 " 1 09 , 1 1 0,
,

1 4 1 , 1 4 4 S e e R ajp1 pla
. .
Baj i Rao I 1 69 1 70 1 7 2 , .
, , , .

N an du r bar 7 1 1 05 1 3 1 Balaji Baj i Rao 1 8 3 1 8 8 , , .

.
, , ,
M adh a v R ao I 1 98 ,
Naraya n Rao se e Pe sh wa
.
,
, .

Naray an Rao , 2 02
N au sh e r wan t h e Just 6 1
.

"
M adh a v Rao N a ray an
, ,
2 08 ,
N a v an a g ar 1 4 5 an d 72 — 1 4 7: ,

2 09 , 2 1 4 , 2 1 5
, , ,
.

2
3 2 , 2 4 7, 2 4 8 .

Baj i Rao II .
, 2 1 5 71 . 2 2 8 2 3 0, -

Nur J a h an B e g a m , 83 1 53 , .

2 3 6— 2 4 0, 2 4 2 — 2 4 5 .

0 .
Pilaji G ae k wad, 1 6 4 , 1 6 9 ,

1 7 2 , 1 73 .

O k h a m a n da l 8 7, 1 4 6, 2 4 1 ,
,

Pi n da ri s 2 1 8 2 4 2 an d , , n .

2 60 2 6 1
, .

P i ra m 5 7 5 8 1 75
, , , .

() u t la wr v
Po r tu g u ese 9 2 an d n , , 1 1 0,
M a h i k an t h a ,
2 73 — 2 79 .
1 14 12 2 —
,
1 24 an d n . 1 37 ,
K at h ia war 30 303 ,
"
.
1 5 0 1 5 1 , 1 5 7, 1 5 8
,
.

O u t ram S i r J am e s 2 77
, ,, . P rab h as Patan , ri o ts at , 3 03 .
 34 3

S h ah A l am , 8 2 , 8 3, 8 6 , 88 ex pe diti on , 2 0—2 3 an d n ;
an d n .
4 8 , 60, 1 4 6 .

S h ah J a h an ,
1 49 ,
1 53, 1 5 4, So ng adh 1 65 1 8 3 1 9 8 , , , .

1 56 . Suk a l T ir t h 1 9 an d n , .

S hah i Bag , 1 5 3 . Sultan s of Guj arat A ppe n

’
.

S h ahj i 1 59 .
di c es F G . .

S h a m b h u r am G ardi ,
Sura t 65 6 9 1 3 1 ta ke n by
, , ,

S h e lu k ar 2 1 9 2 2 0 2 3 6 .
A kbar 1 3 7; 1 3 8 1 5 0 an d n
, , ,
, , ,

ar r i v a l of t h e E n li sh t
S h e pp ard Mr G F 2 35 g a , ,

1 5 0 1 5 2 1 5 8 ; plu n de re d by
. . .
, ,
-

and n
,
.

S h i v aji 1 5 9 , 1 60; 1 75 , 1 76 ;
S h i h ab u d d i n G h o ri
- -
3 7, 39
,

, ,
1 87 ,
2 2 2; t ak e n
by t he E n g li sh ,
2 2 3, 2 4 6,
S h i v aj i 1 5 9 1 6 1 -

2 8 2 2 8 3 2 9 8 , 2 9 9 ; 3 04
.
,

, , .

S i ddh pu r , 1 5 1 7 2 8 , 4 8 2 4 1 , , , ,

2 77 .
T .

S iddh R aj J ay s i n g h —
2 7 33
, .

Ta t a r K h a n 6 1 6 2 , , .

Si h o r 1 7 , ,
1 77 an d n ,
'
1 83 .
Ta tya T0pi 2 8 9 2 9 0 , , .

Sikan dar ,
1 05 . Taylor t h e R e v G P 3
, . . .
, n,
'

S ilad i t y a k i n g , of Va l a bh ipu r , 1 53 n .

6 52
,
an d Th asra 60 2 8 2, , .

T i m u r (Tam e rlan e ) i n v asion

S i l hadi ki n g o f Rai si n 1 13 ,

o f I n di a by
.
, ,

61
S i n dh 2
6 ; 50 86 87 .
, .

T ipu S u l t an
, , ,

, 2 14 n ,
2 28 .

S i n d ln a 1 77 196 20" 2 03 ,
T o dar M al , 1 4 0, 1 4 2
, , ,
.

2 09 ,
2 12 — 2 15, 2 17 2
1 8 , 2 30 .

T rea ty t h e Pesh wa s
with t h e
’

S i r Bu la n d Kh an ,
1 6 5 , 1 68 ,
D hab adé t h e G aak wad
,

1 69 1 7 2
,
-

Kadam
.

an d K an t h aji
Si ro h i 8 2 1 4 1 , ,
.
,

Sol an ki dy n as ty k i n g s of ,
be twee n t h e G ae k wad
t h e 1 2 1 5 4 4 A pp e n d ix D
an d K an t h aji K adam ,
-
. .
,
.

1 78 .

S o m h wa r 3 4 1
es ,
° —
.
be t wee n t h e E n g lish
S o m n at h M a h ade v t e m pl e o f , an d Rag h u n ath Rao ,

1 5 1 6 ; Ma h m ad o f G az n 1 a
,
. 2 02 .
 344

T reat y b e t ween t h e E ng li sh
, v ag h e rs 2 , 2 4 1 , 2 60 2 61
, ,
.

an d Fat e h si n g , 2 06 .
V ai rat n ag ar, 2 S ee D h olka
,

of p u ran dh ar 2 07 ,
.
V ala 4 , an d n ,
'
1 7, 1 8 , 1 78 .

be t we e n G e n e ral G o d V a l a bh ipu r, 4 ,
5 — 7, 5 2 .

dard a n d Fat e h si n g 2 1 0 .
V al ab h se n , 1 9 .

of sal b a i 2 1 4 2 1 5 , ,
.
Vam a n st h a l i (V a n t h a l i ), 4 1 5 ,
.

of Ba ro da 2 2 4 , V an Raj C h av a da 1 2 9 1 1 , , ,
-
.

S u bsi di a ry B aro da ) ,
V a rso da 5 1 n,
,

V astu Pal an d T ej Pal . 45 .

of Basse i n 2 2 8 , .
V i k ram adi t y a e ra, 5 an d 2 1 .

be t we e n t h e E n g li sh V ill ag e s y ste m , 5 4 , 78 an d n .

a n d Si n dh ia 2 30 , .
V i rdh a v al V ag h e l a 4 5 4 6 , , .

with Fa t e h si n g 2 4 1 , .
V i ra m g am , 1 1 2 , 18 "

wi th Radh an pu r 2 5 0 , .

V e sal De v of Aj m e r ,
2 5, 2 6
T ri b h o v an P a ] 4 3 4 4 4 7
.

,
V i sal De v V ag h e l a ki n g of
.
, ,

,
l a —
T r i m b ak ji Dan g i 2 3 7 2 4 0 ,
G uj arat, 4 6 4 7 , .

2 45 .

V i sa ln ag ar 2 6 1 02 , , .

T r ibutary c h i e fs Li s t o f ap , ,

n di x J 33 0— 33 4 W .

pe . .

T u g h l ak G h iyas u d di n 5 7 - -
,
. W a dh wan 3 0 a n d , n, 181 .

Mu h am m ad 5 7 6 1 , ,
. V V
a dn a
g a r, fou n d i n g of , 3 n,

F i ru z 5 8 5 9 .
1 02 , 1 4 0 1 6 1 1 6 9
,

“
, , , .

T u r k i sh fi e e t se n t ag a i n st t h e f
ag a d, 79, 9 2 .

P o rtug u ese 9 2 . W a lk e r , Colon e l , 2 24 2 26 -

2 3 1 — 2 33
U
.

V an t a l a n ds 1 2 7 a n d
V
n, 128
U daipu r 5 1 2 1 1 6 1
, .

W illou g h by J P
.
, , ,
Mr 2 75 ,
jj
U a i n 5 8 n 7 2 7 4 1 1 3 2 26 , .
, . . .

2 79
, , , ,

U m e ta 1 9 5
.

.
,

U m r e th 1 6 9 2 4 1 , ,
.
Y .

U ras 77 n 79 n 8 8
, , ,
72 . Se e a s l o Y e sh o v am an 2 9 , .

Fa i r .

Vo g Raj ,
11 .

V Z .

Vag h e l a ki n g s of ,
Guj arat , 4 5 Za r -
Ta lbi t r ibu te , 2 3 2 , 2 4 2,
— 5 1 9 5 , 96 A pp e n dix E 3 2 0 . .
 345

CORRIGENDA

2 Li n c 1 4 Fo r Pan d v s R ea d Pan da v s .

19 10 t
re u r n n
g i re t i ri n g .

26 18 a
pp ro a o h e d a
pp r o ac h ed .

45 of

4G 10 p ra b a b ly p roba b ly .

5 e fi ic t e ffe c t .

14 A h m a dab a d A s h av a l .

2 f
at er h it a dd u
po n the .

18 l c e rs r ea d ffi
'

o o c e rs .

1 (i Ji n Jiu .

16 d e s t e s t a t io n d e t e s ta t i o n .

23 W h e re we re
so n ne h ew
p .

pl u d e re d plu n de re d .

S ir o hi Si h r o .

S i ro h i S ih o r
P es h W at cs m a s m i n l ste r .

t he i t he

c e s io n c e ss o ni .