DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

SUB CODE /NAME: AE8009/AIRFRAME MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

PART-A

UNIT-I

1. Explain scarf joint NOV/DEC

A joint in which two timbers or other structural members are fitted 2013
together with long end laps of various forms and held in place with bolts,
straps, keys, fishplates, etc., to resist tension or compression
2. In a weld joint, how are the small cracks detected? NOV/DEC
The detection of cracks in elements using ultrasonic testing has been 2013
studied with particular reference to the directivity of the reflected waves
from the crack surface, and to the relation between crack size and height of
the echo from the beam incident perpendicularly on the crack surface.
3. Differentiate soldering and brazing NOV/DEC
Soldering is a process in which two or more metal item are joint together by 2016
melting and flowing a filter metal into the joint Brazing: if the filler metal
has a melting point of more than 800F ,the process is called brazing
4. What is reverse engineering NOV/DEC
Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back 2016
engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to
understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device,
process, system, or piece of software accomplishes a task with very little (if
any) insight into exactly how it does so. Depending on the system under
consideration and the technologies employed, the knowledge gained during
reverse engineering can help with repurposing obsolete objects, doing
security analysis, or learning how something works
5. Differentiate between jigs and fixtures Apr/may
A jig is designed to guide a cutting tool and is normally used when manual 2017
operations like drilling or reaming are required.
A fixture is a heavy-duty manufacturing aid used to secure and align raw
materials in a CNC machine for example.
6 State the five fundamental types of welded joint Apr/may
Butt joint Lap joint Tee joint Edge joint Corner joint 2017
7 List out the equipments of oxy-acetylene welding Nov/ Dec
Cylinder (Oxygen, acetylene) Pressure regulator Welding torch Hose 2017
Special wrench Spark lighter Goggles , gloves Fire extinguisher
8 What is meant by fuse welding Nov/ Dec
It is the process used by welders in the aviation and other industries in 2017
 which enough heat is applied to melt the edge or surfaces of the molten
parts flow together, leaving a single solid piece of metal when cool
9 What are the factors involved in damage investigation? Apr/may
1. Melting point, 2018
2. thermal conductivity,
3. reactivity,
4. coefficient of thermal expansion,
5. electrical resistance and surface condition of the material

10 Define Plasma –Arc welding?

In the plasma arc welding the flow of plasma is restricted but is at an
increased speed through an orifice, resulting in higher temp and improved
concern of heat.

UNIT-II

1. Mention the types of plastics used in aero planes NOV/DEC

Acrylics plastic Cellousive acetates 2013
2. What is autoclave NOV/DEC
Autoclaves is an instrument used to sterilize equipment and supplies by 2013
subjecting them to high pressure saturated stream at 12C for around 15-
20min
3. Why is autoclave required? NOV/DEC
Autoclaves are also known as steam sterilizers, and are typically used for 2016
healthcare or industrial applications. An autoclave is a machine that uses
steam under pressure to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores on
items that are placed inside a pressure vessel.
4. What is the purpose of vacuums-bag process?
Vacuum bagging is a technique employed to create mechanical pressure on
a laminate during its cure cycle. Pressurizing a composite lamination serves
several functions. First, it removes trapped air between layers.
5. How are the plastic sheets protected while in storage?
Plastic sheets should be store in racks or on flats. Plastic sheets stored on
edge at 10 degree angle from the vertical. The bottom edges should rest on
blocks about 3 inch wide not more than 42inch apart.
6 What is the fiber glass component used in aircraft?
In terms of aerospace applications, E-glass and S-2 glass are of particular
importance in aerospace applications. These two types of fiberglass provide
the fiber toughness, impact resistance, and compressive and tensile modulus
required for many aerospace applications.
7 What are the techniques used for composite inspection? Nov/ Dec
The absence of magnetically reactive and electrically conductive materials 2017
in these composites means ultrasonic waves are the best way to analyze
 composite structures. As such, an ideal NDT inspection method for
composites is phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT).
8 What is the purpose of a relief hole?
When a piece of metal has two bends, it is necessary to provide relief holes
in the metal at the intersection of the bends. If relief holes are not provided,
the metal crowds together in the corners and set up stress that lead to cracks.
9 What can be done if the masking paper adhesive has dried out and will Apr/may
not peel off the surface easily? What can be done? 2018
Any plastic is storied should have a spray type or paper masking installed.
Care should be taken to remove rough edges from plastics that have been
cut before placing them in a storage rack or stack do not allow any dirt
plastic metal or other particle to get b/w pieces of plastics as this can
damage the plastic surface even with a masking installed.
10 State the composite components used in airplane?
Fibrous glass – reinforced plastics Matrices – epoxy

UNIT-III

1. What is jacking NOV/DEC

Jacking is a lifting the aircraft above the ground surface in order to carry 2013
any maintenance tacks like servicing, repair, and replacement etc
2. State the types of flight controls used in helicopter NOV/DEC
Cyclic pitch controls Collective pitch controls Engine throttle power rpm 2013
control Anti-torque control
3. Differentiate between rigging and leveling NOV/DEC
The way in which aircraft may be checked on the ground for level flight as 2016
specified by the aircraft manufacturer. The aircraft may be leveled by means
of leveling lugs, spirit or bubble levels, or a plumb bob.
Rigging is the alignment of a/c parts oo sections to obtain proper flight
characteristics.
4. List helicopter flight controls and functions. NOV/DEC
There are three major controls in a helicopter that the pilot must use during 2016
flight. They are the collective pitch control, the cyclic pitch control, and the
anti torque pedals or tail rotor control.
5. State control surfaces of the aircraft. Apr/may
The control surfaces are aileron (δa), elevator (δe), and rudder (δr) and are 2017
arranged to contribute primarily roll, pitch, and yaw moments respectively
6 Differentiate between tracking and balancing of main rotor. Apr/may
Rotor track is measured by optical sensors which detect the vertical position 2017
of the blades. Vibration is measured in the cockpit of the helicopter at the
frequency of once per blade revolution (1per rev) by accelerometer, attached
to the side of the cockpit.
Balancing of helicopter rotor blades under centrifugal force field is
 called dynamic balancing, and is used to correct asymmetries due to mass,
aerodynamic and structural behaviors. Preconditions: Main rotor blades to
be statically balanced. Carry out main rotor rigging.
7 What is aircraft leveling? Apr/may
The way in which aircraft may be checked on the ground for level flight as 2017
specified by the aircraft manufacturer. The aircraft may be leveled by means
of leveling lugs, spirit or bubble levels, or a plumb bob.

8 What are the equipments used to track the blades of a helicopter? Apr/may
Rotor track is measured by optical sensors which detect the vertical position 2017
of the blades. Vibration is measured in the cockpit of the helicopter at the
frequency of once per blade revolution (1per rev) by accelerometer, attached
to the side of the cockpit
9 Define symmetric check. Apr/may
A/c symmetry is determined by first leveling the a/c and then measuring the 2018
distance from reference points on the a/c central axis to reference points on
the adjustable components.
10 What is the necessary for airplane jacking? Apr/may
Aircraft Jacking Check the Maintenance Manual for the correct jacking 2018
equipment and procedures may be used for jacking the Aircraft to allow
functional check of the undercarriage system

UNIT-IV

1. Define trouble shooting NOV/DEC

Trouble shooting is the process of identifying the cause of a malfunction 2013
determining its severity and eliminating the cause, replacing or repairing.
2. Name the auxiliary systems. NOV/DEC
Rain Removal System, Fire Protection System, Smoke Detection System, 2013
Fire Extinguishing System
3. What is the purpose of trouble shooting chart? NOV/DEC
The Troubleshooting Chart is a method of structuring an IT troubleshooting 2016
process and visualizing the impact and timeline of the incident.

4. What is the purpose of APU? NOV/DEC

APU allows an aircraft to operate autonomously without reliance on ground 2016
support equipment such as a ground power unit, an external air-conditioning
unit or a high pressure air start cart.
5. What is the purpose of rain removal system? Apr/may
Rain-removal systems are designed to allow the pilot to have a clear view of 2017
the airport when taxiing and to allow them to see the approach and departure
paths and runway environment when taking off and landing during rain. The
 systems are not commonly used during flight at altitude.
6 What is APU? Apr/may
APU allows an aircraft to operate autonomously without reliance on ground 2017
support equipment
7 Distinguish between safe life and fail safe design NOV/DEC
Safe Life:-Originally, the recognized theory of structural design was called 2017
safe-life. The philosophy of safe life was to test the various components to
failures and to use as a component’s airworthy maxm life 25% of the
average life,when tested to destructive failure. Fail safe:-The next stage in
the structural design philosophy was fail-safe construction. In fail safe
construction each component was designed to be able to accept the forces of
adjacent components should their neighbor components fail.
8 What is snubbing action? NOV/DEC
During the strut extension stock the fluid is forced return through the 2017
metering orifice. This is design to prevent the strut from extending too
rapidly on the take off or during bad landing and is often referred to as a
snubbing action.
9 What are the Inspection and maintenance of fire protection system?
Mechanical parts are examined for damage, wear, security of mountings
and compliance with technical and regulatory requirements.
10 Differentiate b/w pressure regulator and Relief valve?
Pressure regulator valve:- It regulates the flow of pressure relief valve:- It
prevents the cabin from being at a higher altitude than the ambient air.

UNIT-V

1. Name the hazardous materials being handled in storage. NOV/DEC

Physical,chemical,biological 2013

2. State the safety equipments used in storage. NOV/DEC

Face mask, glasses, shield, gloves,goggles, 2013
3. What is FACTOR in hazardous materials? NOV/DEC
Flammable And Corrosive Toxic Or Reactive 2016
4. List reactive agents used in aviation industry. NOV/DEC
Gasoline , Dry lubricants, Liquid penetrates, Jet fuels , Spray lubricants, 2016
Dye penetrates, Hydraulic fluids, Greases , Welding Brake fluids , Oil,
5. What are the four classes of chemical agents? Apr/may
Flammable And Corrosive Toxic Or Reactive 2017
6 List some flammable materials found in the aviation industry. Apr/may
Flammables are materials that may easily ignite in the presence of a catalyst 2017
such as heat, sparks, or flame. They may be in any of the three physical
forms; Solids, Liquid, or Gas. C Combustible liquids are very similar to
flammable liquids, but they are not as easy to ignite.
 7 What is meant by trouble shooting? Apr/may
Trouble shooting is the process of identifying the cause of a malfunction 2017
determining its severity and eliminating the cause, replacing or repairing.
8 Name the few precautions to be observed while handling hazardous Apr/may
materials. 2017
Always carry chemicals in approved containers. Always wash your hands
after using any unsafe material. Store materials properly, as directed on their
labels. Flammable chemicals should be stored in a cool, dry place away
from heat and sunlight.
9 Define PPE? Apr/may
Personal protection equipment in the form of safety glasses, respirators, dust 2018
masks, and chemical resistant gloves should be used when handling any
chemical substance.
10 What are the techniques used to remove paint?
a. Solvents b. Sandblasting c. Trialene soap

Subject incharge HOD-AERO