The Reading and Writing

Connection / Fundamental of
Reading Skills and Graphic
Organizers
 Learning Competencies/Objectives
1. Describes a written text as connected
discourse (EN11/12RWS-IIIa-1)
2. Distinguishes between and among
techniques in selecting and organizing
information (EN11/12RWS-IIIa-2)
Graphic Organizer (EN11/12RWS-IIIa-2.2)
 TEXT vs DISCOURSE
oText is defined in terms of its being a
physical product. (Meaning is not found
in text)
oDiscourse is viewed as a process.
(Meaning is derived through the
reader’s interaction with the text)
 What makes a text a
connected discourse?
Text becomes a connected
discourse when we READ
READING
 READING
Lapp and Flood (1978) defined
reading to two types
A decoding process (breaking
down of written codes)
A comprehension process
READING PROCESS
 1. PRE-READING
Reader prepares herself or himself for
the things that they are going to read
It aims to induce the reader’s
motivation to read and to activate their
schema or background knowledge.
 1. PRE-READING
 According to research previewing the
text can increase the reader’s
involvement with the text. These are:
 Setup a Purpose  Make Predictions  Questions

 Build Knowledge  Scan the Vocabulary  Skimming

 Scanning
 WHILE-READING
It is the stage to support comprehension,
checks the vocabulary and looks for clues
during the reading. The idea is to know
what you have been reading.
 It is about re-reading the text until you
fully understand the meaning.
 WHILE-READING
 The Order of Reading
 Silent Reading
 Joining Different Elements of the Text
 Guess (Check predictions)
 Getting Answers
 POST-READING
 It is about checking your understanding of
the text.
 Readers summarize what they have
read, reflect, and question
their understanding of the text to fill in
the gap left from the previous stages.
 POST-READING
 Evaluate
 Map
 Discuss
 Initial Prediction
 Pre-Reading Question
 BASIC
READING
SKILLS
 1. Rapid Reading
it aims to locate specific information
or main ideas in a very short span of
time.
a. Skimming
b. Locating the Main Idea
c. Scanning
 1. Rapid Reading
a. Skimming - reading rapidly in order to
get a general overview of the material
Examples:
 To see what is in the news on a website or on a
paper
To look through a text to decide whether you
want to read it or not.
 1. Rapid Reading
b. Locating the Main Idea – a reading skill
which involves identifying or locating the
central message of a reading selection
The main idea sometimes be found in
the beginning, middle or end of the
paragraph.
MAIN
IDEA
 The main idea sometimes be found in the
beginning, middle or end of the paragraph.

MAIN
IDEA
 The main idea sometimes be found in the
beginning, middle or end of the paragraph.

MAIN
IDEA
 1. Rapid Reading
c. Scanning - reading rapidly in order to find
specific facts
Examples:
 To search for a word in a dictionary
 To check the price of a specific item in a
catalog
 2. Previewing
 It is a skill wherein a reader looks
over a material and focuses on the
information he/she finds relevant.
 3. Literal Reading
 It involves the understanding of ideas and facts
that are directly stated in the printed material.
a. Summarizing - the act or process of providing a
summary, a brief restatement of something that
captures all its important points
b. Paraphrasing - express the meaning of (the writer
or speaker or something written or spoken) using
different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.
 4. Inferential Reading
 It refers to the process of
deducing facts and ideas not
directly expressed in the text. It is
also known as “reading between
the lines”.
 5. Critical Reading
 It refers to the close and thorough
evaluation of the claims in the text
in terms of relevance, validity, and
logic.
TYPES OF
READING
 Types of Reading
1. Developmental Reading - a systematic
instruction which aims to develop the
students’ reading skills
2. Pleasure Reading - a more passive type of
reading that primarily aims to provide
enjoyment and entertainment
 Types of Reading
3. Functional Reading- designed to help students
learn basic functional reading ability. To have the
ability to function as independently as possible.
That includes being able to read signs, grocery
ads, words on the job and words on menus.
4. Remedial Reading- aims to correct the
effects of poor teaching and poor
learning.
BENEFITS OF
READING
 Benefits of Reading
• Exposes readers to accurate spelling and correct
forms of writing
• Shows readers how to write more complex
sentences
• Invites readers to be more experimental in their
own writing
• Allows readers to hear the thoughts of others
WRITING
 WRITING
• The process of using symbols (letters of
the alphabet, punctuation and spaces) to
communicate thoughts and ideas in a
readable form.
• A system of graphic symbols that can be
used to convey meaning
 BENEFITS
OF WRITING
 Benefits of Writing
• Allows writers to voice their thoughts
• Provides writers with a vehicles to
use their imaginations
• Gives writers chance to engage in a
conversation with other writers
 Benefits of Writing
• Aids writers in reading critically
of other works
• Motivated writers to engage
with the texts they are reading
Reading is like breathing in,
writing is like breathing out.
- Pam Allyn
 PERFORMANCE TASK # 1
Research for a news article today,
have a copy of it in your notes or you
can cut out from a newspaper.
Summarize the content of the news.
You will be given 20 points base on
the content of your summary.