ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN ALBAY: CLIMATE CHANGE

ADAPTATION INITIATIVES BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT

OF LEGAZPI

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the Political Science Department

College of Social Sciences and Philosophy

Bicol University

Daraga, Albay

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

Crystal Mae Amador

Sophia Nicole Mendoza
Cyrille Kaye Quitquitan

NOVEMBER 2022
 Republic of the Philippines
Bicol University
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY
Political Science Department
Daraga, Albay

RECOMMENDATION FOR FINAL DEFENSE

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “_____________________________”

prepared by _________________________________ in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science is hereby
submitted to the Thesis Committee for consideration and approval.

Adviser
Date:

THESIS COMMITTEE

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “____________________________”

prepared by _________________________________________ in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political
Science is hereby accepted for Proposal Defense.

Chairman

Member Member

Bicol University
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY
Department of Political Science
Daraga, Albay
 CERTIFICATE OF REVISION
This is to certify that the suggestions and recommendations during the Proposal
Defense of __________________________________________on their study entitled,
______________________________________________________, have been observed
and incorporated in the manuscript. The details of the revisions are as follows:

Suggestions/Recommendations Page Remarks

Preliminary pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Certified true and correct:

Adviser
(To be attached after revision…)
 Bicol University
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY
Department of Political Science
Daraga, Albay

CRITERIA FOR ORAL DEFENSE

RESEARCH TITLE:

RESEARCHERS:

ADVISER:
PANEL CHAIR:
PANEL MEMBERS:
DATE OF PROPOSAL DEFENSE: ______________________________________________

Maximum possible score Score given

FORMAT
(Following the APA 7th edition format, this will
include the sufficient reference listing, completeness 20 _________
of the parts of the manuscript, spacing, indention
as well as the cleanliness of the manuscript)

SUBSTANCE
(To include clear and substantive presentation of
the Introduction with the rationale or significance; the 40 _________
statement of the problem/s; and background, the
methodology, and the other parts of the report.)

DEFENSE OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC

(To include researcher’s bearing, clear and
authoritative presentation of the summary of the study, 40 _________
and clear, correct and authoritative answers to the
questions raised by the panel of evaluators)

Total 100 _________

Rater: _________________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(not yet required)

iii
 ABSTRACT

(not yet required)

Keywords:

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES x

CHAPTER 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Scope and Delimitation 5

Significance of the Study 6

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature 8

Related Studies 14

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art 22

Gap to be Bridged by the Study 24

Theoretical Framework 25

Theoretical Paradigm 27

Conceptual Framework 28

Conceptual Paradigm 29

Definition of Terms 30

v
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Method 34

Sources of Data 35

Respondents of the Study 35

Research Instrument 36

Data Gathering Procedures 36

Statistical Treatment of Data

CHAPTER 4. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARANUMAN PROJECT IN THE

THIRD DISTRICT OF ALBAY

I. Status of Taranuman Project in the Third District of Albay 39

II. Effects of Taranuman Project in the Third District of Albay 51

III. Challenges in the Implementation of Taranuman Project 59

IV. Strategies employed in the Implementation of Taranuman Project 66

CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 74

Findings 76

Conclusions 78

Recommendations 79

References

vi
Appendices

A. Sample Letter Request

B. Interview Guides/ Questionnaire

C. Documentations

D. Map of the Third District of Albay

Curriculum Vitae

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Title Page

1 Theoretical Paradigm 27

2 Conceptual Paradigm 29

3 GIP Beneficiaries of Ligao City in their communal garden site 45

4 Women Planter Beneficiaries of TUPAD in their communal garden site 46

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 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Title Page

1 Status of Taranuman Project in the Third District of Albay 40

2 Effects of Taranuman Project in the Third District of Albay 52
3 Challenges Encountered in the Implementation of Taranuman Project 59
4 Strategies Employed in the Implementation of Taranuman Project 68

(Not yet required)

ix
 2

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Climate change is one of the reasons why high-risk phenomena occur that

cause great devastation in our local community. Every year Bicol region experiences

several typhoons that destroy and claim the lives of people affected by this type of

calamity. Local government agencies performed their duties in managing the aftermath of

the calamity such as solving resource scarcity, and managing the allocation of funds in

different departments of local government.

The Local Government of Legazpi, one of the several municipalities in Albay,

formed a different approach to deal effectively with the dilemmas brought by the

calamities and to prepare efficiently in order to avoid immense impacts of the aftereffects

of the calamity to the locale. For more climate-responsive social-protection systems, and

proposes a design framework to achieve this.

Four features can help, namely: scalable and flexible programmes that can

increase in response to climate disasters and then scale back as necessary; targeting that

responds to climate events; livelihood enhancements; and building institutions for climate

and disaster risk management. (Kuriakose et al., 2013, p19). This paper seeks to describe

what are the adaptation initiatives adopted by the local government of Legazpi and how

they manage the environmental governance in the area.

iii
 3

Statement of the Problem

The opening paragraph of this part of research paper contains the general problem

of the thesis.

Ex. The overall purpose of this study is ….

This study aims to…..

The study focuses on….

Scope and Delimitation

Scope: major variables of the study

Delimitation: sub- variables and their characteristics, attributes, or indicators

Locale or setting of the research

When the data will be gathered

– What is my research?

– Why do I want to do the research?

– Who are my research participants?

3
 4

– Where am I going to do the research?

– When am I going to do the research?

Significance of the study

• Contributions to the welfare of a person or a group of persons, the community or

academic field where the researcher is involved
• Must discuss the importance of the study to the society, country, government,
community, agency concerned, curriculum planners, and to other researchers
• Identify the direct beneficiaries, or the persons, group of persons that will benefit
from the result of the study
• Arranged based on the degree of significance

4
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Intro sentence/paragraph ….what is the content of this chapter

Review of Related Literature

10 related literature ….recent articles…..local and foreign

Use APA 7th ed ex. (Taylor et al., 2018)

Review of Related Studies

In writing a review of related studies, the ff. data must be indicated:

1. Name of the author, date, and setting of the study.

2. The title

3. The salient findings.

The comparative analysis to your study (in a separate paragraph after each related

study)

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

• Synthesis refers to the bringing together of materials from different sources, and

the creation of an integrated whole.

• All the materials gathered from the review of related studies, you have to organize

them according to each subtopic discussed about the larger topic.

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 9

Gap to be Bridged by the Study

9
 10

Theoretical Framework

1 main political theory and 1 or 2 sub theory

Link/Relate the theory to your study specifically the variables…

Identify the theorist, name of the theory, what the theory is all about, link the theory to

the varaibles of your study…

10
 11

Figure 1.
Theoretical Paradigm

11
 12

Conceptual Framework

Discussion is based on your main problem and statement of the problem

Each variable should be thoroughly discussed

12
 13

Figure 2
Conceptual Paradigm

13
 14

Definition of Terms

• Conceptual definition (term is defined according to how it is used in the book or

dictionary)

• Operational definition (term is defined according to how it used in the study)

example

Status. It is a state or condition with respect to circumstance. (Merriam Webster

Dictionary, n.d.) In this study, it refers to the current situation of the Taranuman

project in terms of (a) Implementation (b) Sub-projects implemented (c)

Beneficiaries under Taranuman Project.

14
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology

Sources of data

Respondents of the Study

Research Instruments

iii
Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Treatment of Data

76
 References

Ahearn et al. (2002). The Impact of Government Policies on Agricultural Productivity

and Structure. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aaea02/19865.html

Alcantar, C. B. (2010). Assessment of Level of Participation in BAYAN- ANIHAN

Program implementation in Pantao, Libon, Albay (Undergraduate thesis, Bicol

University College of Agriculture and Forestry, Guinobatan, Albay, Philippines)

Archer et al. (2008). Social and political influences on agricultural system.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://

www.researchgate.net/publication/

232000756_Social_and_political_influences_on_agriculturalsystems&ved=2ahU

KEwjIvsunxJ3sAhWbZt4KHbifAzgQFjABegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw1cEeptnY

U7X9oE_FyPb8t8

Barangay Ubaliw Facebook Page. (2021, August 5). Department of Labor and

Employment (DOLE) in cooperation of ABC Pres. Adrian “Nonoy Kap” Salceda

And Cong Fernando “Didi” Cabredo. [Imaged]. Facebook.

https://m.facebook.com/239831520139843/photos/pcb.985008185622169/985007

168955604/?type=3&source=48

Bentham. (1781). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.

http://www.utilitarianism.com/jeremy-bentham/index.html

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 APPENDIX A
SAMPLE LETTER REQUEST

Republic of the Philippines

Bicol University
College of Social Sciences and Philosophy
Political Science Department
Daraga, Albay

June 30, 2021

MRS. JEAN T. REBELLEZA

President
Women Planters of Paulba
Brgy. Paulba, Ligao City, Albay

Dear Ma’am Rebelleza:

Greetings of Peace!

We, the undersigned third year college students of Bicol University-College of

Social Sciences and Philosophy – Political Science Department are currently conducting
a research study entitled “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARANUMAN PROJECT IN
THE THIRD DISTRICT OF ALBAY’, the main purpose of this is to assess the
implementation of Taranuman Project initiated by the Office of the third district
representative of Albay, Cong. Fernando Cabredo.
This initiative of Cong. Cabredo provides women and youth in the third district of
Albay an opportunity to take up spaces in the field of agriculture and sustainable
livelihood thru integration of its partner agencies’ flagship program such as the DOLE’s
government internship program and Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating
Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers.
In lieu of this, as the president of Paulba Women Planters and beneficiary of
Taranuman Project, may we request to have an interview with you ma’am regarding this

78
initiative. If willing and available, we humbly request to conduct the interview anytime
within next week or on your preferred date and convenience.
Should you have questions regarding this request, feel free to contact us through
these following details:
Gerald B. Reyes
Email: geraldbibat.reyes@bicol-u.edu.ph / joemarverdida.orpano@bicol-u.edu.ph
Facebook: Gerald Reyes
Mobile: +63 963 226 4271
Rest assured that all the information you will be given us will be treated with
utmost confidentiality and for academic purposes only. Thank you and more power!

Respectfully yours,

JOEMAR V. ORPANO

GERALD B. REYES

CHRIS EDMUND S. VALENCIANO

Researchers

Noted:

(SGD) PROF. AILEEN B. SARTE, M.M.

Thesis Adviser

Conforme:

(SGD) MRS. JEAN T. REBELLEZA

President
Women Planters of Paulba
Brgy. Paulba, Ligao City, Albay

79
 APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

80
 APPENDIX C

INTERVIEW GUIDE

81
 APPENDIX D
CURRICULUM VITAE

JOEMAR V. ORPANO

Looc, Cawayan, Masbate

joeorpano@gmail.com
09770477339

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 22
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: January 12, 1999
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Height: 156 cm
Weight: 58 kg
Language: Filipino
Father’s Name: Lucio B. Orpano
Mother’s Name: Letecia V. Orpano

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary Bicol University College of Social Sciences and 2018-present
Philosophy- Political Science Dept.

Secondary Bicol University College of Education Integrated 2016-2018

Laboratory School, High School Dept.
Naro Nat’l High School
2012-2016

Elementary Looc Elementary School 2006-2012

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