Grammar For TOEFL

(Verb)
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By :
Name : 1. Okta’Arlin Harefa
2. Jhon Sastra Putra Lase
3. Niskariani Zendrato
4. Otomosi Gea
5. Yustinus Lahagu
6. Risma Yanti Gea
Class :B
Semester : VI
Lectured : Hasrat Sozanolo Harefa M.Pd

INSTITUTE OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF GUNUNGSITOLI

FACULTY OF EDUCATION OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
2020/2021

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 PREFACE
Thanks God pray for the presents of the almighty God who has bestowed a blessing
and mercy to us so we can prepare a paper talking about Verb
In accordance with the result obtained from a source of references book and Journal
are finally written with a form of this paper. we hope that this paper can be helpful and
useful for students and all readers who want to know about this material. we also do not
forgot to thanks sir supervisor as well a lecturer of Grammar for TOEFL, our parents were
always supportive and guiding us, both material and non-material, friends who have helped
us in preparing paper, and all those who have helped in preparing this paper.
We realize that in preparing this paper is still a lot mistakes and short comings, for the
constructive critici and suggestions from readers and we expected and also as authors
apologize profusely if there is an error in this paper this writing. Hopefully, this paper can
be useful for English faculty or whoever who read this papers.

Gunungsitoli, March 2021

Author

Second Group

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 Table of Content

Cover.......................................................................................................................................i
Preface....................................................................................................................................ii
Table of Content....................................................................................................................iii
Chapter I Introduction
a. Background of the problems......................................................................................1
b. Purpose ......................................................................................................................1
c. Formulation of the problems......................................................................................1
Chapter II Discussion
a. Definition of verb.......................................................................................................2
b. Forms of verb............................................................................................................2
c. Types of Verb.............................................................................................................4
d. Example of TOEFL Test of Verb...............................................................................7
Chapter III Conclusion
a. Conclusion..................................................................................................................9
b. Suggestion..................................................................................................................9
c. References................................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the problems
In English, actually we always find out some of the verb for each sentence or text.
Especially in part or speech we can find out the verb. To understand verb, is very important
in English to make us where an how to used the verb in sentences. So here verb is a word
that describes an action, action, condition or experience of something. In Indonesian, verbs
are often called verbs because they show the activity of the subject in a sentence. Verb is
the most important part and always appears in every sentence. This English verb is also a
little unique. If you think that a verb has to be an action, you are wrong. The English verb
can describe a condition. In a sentence, verbs have both functions and uses. We use verbs
to identify or explain the behavior of the doer or subject in a sentence. Apart from that,
verbs also serve to describe circumstances as well as events. To understand verb, is very
important in English to make us where an how to used the verb in sentences, verb also we
can find out in some of TOEFL test and most of the people do not understand about it,
that’s why here in our paper we are going to explain for you all or for all of the readers to
understand verb clearly.
2. Purpose
To make the students are able to understand verb
3. Formulation of the problems
a. What is definition of Verb?
b. What are the form of verb?
c. What are the types or kinds of verb?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1. Definition of verb
Verb is used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of
the predicate of a sentence. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the subject
performs. A verb is a word, which tells something about some person or thing (an action,
event or state). A verb may be a one word or more than one word. All verbs have three
forms – Base form, Past Tense & Past Participial but, Auxiliary Verb do not have any.
2. Forms of verb
Each verb usually has three forms: verb 1, verb 2, verb 3. The bigger the number, the
past the form of the verb itself. Not only verbs 1-3, there are also verbs that are used to
describe an action that is being done right away.
a. Verb I (Present)
The first form of the verb is called Verb 1 (V1) or present. This verb is an infinitive
verb that is commonly used in the simple present tense. This verb form is the same as the
original verb form, but always ends with the suffix -s, -es, -ies for the third person singular
subject (he, she, it) in the simple present tense.
Example:
Sleep - sleeps
Watch - watches
Go - goes
Cry - cries
Study - studies

b. Verb II (Past)
The second form of the verb is called Verb 2 (V2) or past. This verb is usually used
in simple past tense sentences. When do you use the 2nd verb? When an action or action
taken is past or past. This is indicated by the time information such as: last night,
yesterday, three years ago, and so on. Usually the second verb is appended with -d or -ed
from the first verb, but it can change the form with a different letter. Therefore, the second

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verb can be said to be two. Words that just add -d or -ed are known as regular verbs.
Meanwhile, changing the letter in a verb is called an irregular verb.
Examples of regular verbs Examples of irregular verbs
Achieve - achieved Begin - began
Call - called Eat - Ate
Clean - cleaned Speak - spoke
Enjoy - enjoyed Take - took
Phone - Phoned Find - found
Talk - Talked Leave - left
c. Verb III (Past Participle)
In fact, the second and third verbs are similar. In fact, many verbs have the exact
same word in the second form. The third form of the verb is used for the perfect tense and
the passive voice. Similar to verb II, verb III is also divided into regular verbs and irregular
verbs. Come on, check out an example below!
Examples of regular verbs Examples of irregular verbs
 Study - studied - studied  Go - went - gone
 work- worked – worked  Drink - drank - drunk
 walked - walked - walked  Write - wrote - written
 phone - phoned - phoned  Eat - ate - eaten
 prank - pranked- pranked  Speak - spoke – spoken
 Take - took - taken

d. Verb -ing
In the use of verbs that end in -ing, the grammar used is the continuous tense that is
currently in progress. In usage, this verb form is preceded by the auxiliary verb (auxiliary
verb) be (is, am, are, was, were).
Example:
Walk - walking
Sing - singing
Talk - talking

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Write - writing
Play - playing
Run - running
Smoke - smoking
Take - taking
Wait - waiting

3. Types of Verb
There are seven types of verb and those are:
a. Finite verb
A finite verb is the main verb in a sentence. It’s the root word that drives the rest of the
sentence. Almost every verb in the English language can be used as a finite verb as long as
it has these qualities in a sentence: a subject, agreement with the subject, a tense (present or
past).
Examples :
 Orlando swims three times a week.
 I cooked dinner last Thursday.
 Shawna is a teacher.
 We had a chemistry lesson yesterday.
 Our study group worked really late last night.
b. Principal verb
A principal verb is the mainspring of a sentence. They can stand on their own in a
sentence. They don't need the help of another verb to make a sentence meaningful. A
principal verb can be in present or past tense forms. For example; Be (am, is, are), Have
(has, have), Do (do, does) verbs are called principal verb.
 I am very tired now.
 They are not good.
 He has a big house.
 I do my homework regularly.
 She does her duty carefull

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 c. Transitive verb
Transitive verbs are verbs that express action that terminates in, or is received by, an
object. The object of a transitive verb can be a noun, pronoun, or a noun clause or phrase.
Examples: I threw the ball. (Noun as object)
We beat them. (Pronoun as object)
I think that you are correct. (Noun clause as object)
d. Intransitive verb
Intransitive verbs are verbs that express action but that do not take an object. The
subject and verb express a complete thought without an object. The verb can, however, be
followed by an adverb or other modifier.
Examples: I ran.
I ran swiftly.
I ran in the race
e. Auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs and are used together with a main
verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a question or negative. Common examples of
auxiliary verbs include have, might, will. These auxiliary verbs give some context to the
main verb, for example, letting the reader know when the action took place.
Auxiliary verb examples:
1. Would
2. Should
3. Do
4. Can
5. Did
6. Could
7. May
The auxiliary verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy
identification. I will go home after football practice. The auxiliary verb will is telling us that
the action of the main verb go is going to take place in the future – after football practice
has ended. If the auxiliary verb will was removed, we get the sentence: I go home after

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football practice. In this case, there is no definite time frame for the action. The sentence
suggests that going home after football practice is just something the subject I generally
does. Other examples:
I may dance with you later.
We did consider Bryan’s feelings.
Jenny has spoken her final words.
In addition, we can sometimes use the auxiliary very before the pronoun to make a
question:
Might you dance with me later?
Did we consider Bryan’s feelings?
Has Jenny spoken her final words?
Also, auxiliary verbs are used to help form negative statements, with the use of words like
not and never. These will usually split the auxiliary and main verbs:
I may never dance with you again.
We did not consider Bryan’s feelings.
Jenny has not spoken her final words.

f. Non-Finite verb
Non-finite verbs do not work as the actual verbs in the formation of the sentence.
They have the forms of verbs but they do not work as them. They work as adjectives,
gerunds, and adverbs in the sentence.
Examples of Non-finite Verb:
 It is dangerous to drive on this slippery road.
 We are ready to play now.
 I felt it difficult to comprehend.
 I needed a sound sleep to calm my mind.
 It is good to know that you can cook as well.
 We ate a lot of roasted meat

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 g. Infinite verb
An infinitive verb is essentially the base form of a verb with the word "to" in front of
it. When you use an infinitive verb, the "to" is a part of the verb. It is not acting as a
preposition in this case. Some examples of infinitive verbs include:
 to be
 to have
 to hold
 to sleep
 to spend
Infinitives are never conjugated with -ed or -ing at the end because they are not used
as verbs in a sentence. They’re one of the three types of verbals, which are verbs used as an
adjective, noun or adverb. The other verbals are gerunds and participles.
4. The Examples of Verb Test TOEFL.
a. The child ______ playing in the yard is my son
(a) Now
(b) Is
(c) He
(d) Was
answer : A

When you think playing is a verb then it is likely that you will choose B or D as your
answer. Because you think that the verb needs be / to be as its completion. But
unfortunately the answer is wrong, because playing is not a verb. And if you observe
playing in the upper sentence it is a participle adjective because the sentence above already
has a subject, namely child and also a verb which is is. Then the correct answer is A or
Now.

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 b. ________ was backed up for miles on freeway
(a) Yesterday
(b) In the morning
(c) Traffict
(d) Cars
Answer : C (Traffict)
In the problem above, is an example of a sentence that contains a verb or verb but
does not have a clear subject. So C is the answer that is considered correct because the verb
that comes before the subject indicates a single subject, so "traffic" is the most appropriate
answer. Even though "cars" is the subject, it is the subject in the plural so it doesn't match
the verb in the sentence. Meanwhile, answers (A) and (B) are clearly not the subject.
c. I wish you would tell me ………………….
(A) Who is being lived next door
(B) Who does live in the next door
(C) Who lives next door
(D) Who next door was living
Correct sentence order is subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier). So sentence
(D) is definitely wrong because it does not comply with standard rules. Whereas in
sentence (A), it is not possible to live in the verbal structure model. Then sentence (B) can
be ignored because the words does and in the are not important in this model sentence. So
the correct answer is (C).

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
1. Conclusion
In English, of course we always find out the verb, and also in TOEFL Test we can
find some of the test about verb. So here Verb is used to describe an action, state, or
occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence. A verb is the part of a
sentence that tells us what the subject performs. The most important in verb here that we
can understand it well and know all of the types and also form of it. So here verb has
several form such as : Verb 1, Verb 2, Verb 3 and V.Ing and then several types such as : ,
Finite verb, principal verb, Transitive verb, Intransitive verb, Auxiliary verb, Non-Finite
verb, Infinite verb, all of it always we find for the Test TOEFL.
2. Suggestion
To make us more get information about verb in TOEFL, how better if you try to used
the TOEFL book that make you get the more information about it.

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 References
Dyczok, H Building Grammar skills for the TOEFL iBT
http://www.englishmirror.com/english-grammar/verb.html
https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/

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