Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A

Ch 11 Review

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The principles of probability can be used to

a. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.
b. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses.
c. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
d. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses.

____ 2. If the gene for seed color and the gene for seed shape in pea plants were linked,
a. Mendel’s F1 plants would have exhibited a different phenotype ratio for seed color
and seed shape.
b. all of Mendel’s F1 plants would have produced wrinkled, green peas.
c. all of Mendel’s P plants would have produced wrinkled, green peas.
d. Mendel’s F2 plants would have exhibited a different phenotype ratio for seed color
and seed shape.

____ 3. The chemical factors that determine traits are called

a. traits. c. characters.
b. genes. d. alleles.

____ 4. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

a. two genetically identical cells. c. four genetically different cells.
b. two genetically different cells. d. four genetically identical cells.

____ 5. When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
a. 1/4 c. 1/2
b. 1 d. 1/8

____ 6. Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan use fruit flies in his studies?
a. Fruit flies share certain characteristics with pea plants.
b. Fruit flies have a long lifespan.
c. Fruit flies take a long time to produce offspring.
d. Fruit flies produce a large number of offspring.

____ 7. When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring
were tall because
a. the allele for short plants is dominant.
b. the allele for tall plants is dominant.
c. the allele for tall plants is recessive.
d. they were true-breeding like their parents.

____ 8. A male and female bison that are both heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation (Aa) produce an
albino offspring (aa). Which of Mendel’s principles explain(s) why the offspring is albino?
a. dominance and segregation c. independent assortment only
b. segregation only d. dominance only

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 9. Gametes are produced by the process of

a. replication. c. crossing-over.
b. mitosis. d. meiosis.

____ 10. What happens between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes?
a. Crossing-over occurs. c. Replication occurs twice.
b. Replication does not occur. d. Metaphase occurs.

____ 11. If you made a Punnett square showing Gregor Mendel’s cross between true-breeding tall plants and
true-breeding short plants, the square would show that the offspring had
a. the genotype of both parents.
b. a phenotype that was different from that of both parents.
c. a genotype that was different from that of both parents.
d. the genotype of one of the parents.

____ 12. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. If alleles did not segregate during gamete
formation,
a. all of the F2 plants would be tall.
b. some of the F1 plants would be tall and some would be short.
c. all of the F1 plants would be short.
d. all of the F2 would be short.

____ 13. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

a. 12. c. 24.
b. 3. d. 6.

____ 14. Crossing-over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Which of the following is the likely reason?
a. A cell undergoing mitosis does not have homologous chromosomes.
b. Tetrads rarely form during mitosis.
c. There is no prophase during mitosis.
d. Chromatids are not involved in mitosis.

Figure 11–3

____ 15. What is shown in Figure 11–3?

a. independent assortment c. replication
b. crossing-over d. anaphase I of meiosis

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 16. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a. hybrid. c. dominant.
b. heterozygous. d. homozygous.

____ 17. The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the
a. less likely they are to be inherited together.
b. less likely they are to assort independently.
c. more likely they are to be linked.
d. less likely they are to be separated by a crossover during meiosis.

____ 18. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is
homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes
are their offspring expected to show?
a. 8 c. 2
b. 16 d. 4

RrYy

RY Ry rY ry
Seed Shape
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy R = Round
r = Wrinkled

Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy

RrYy Seed Color
Y = Yellow
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy y = Green

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

Figure 11–2

____ 19. The Punnett square in Figure 11–2 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
a. assort independently. c. are always homozygous.
b. have the same alleles. d. are linked.

____ 20. A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate,
a. all of the offspring will be short.
b. some of the offspring will be tall, and some will be short.
c. the offspring will be of medium height.
d. all of the offspring will be tall.

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 21. A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT

a. the genotypes of the offspring.
b. the actual results of a genetic cross.
c. the alleles in the gametes of each parent.
d. all possible results of a genetic cross.

____ 22. Which of the following assort independently?

a. chromosomes c. genes on the same chromosome
b. multiple alleles d. codominant alleles

____ 23. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose
genotype was RrYY?
a. 4 c. 2
b. 16 d. 8

____ 24. Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits
a. make up the F2 generation. c. make up the parental generation.
b. are true-breeding. d. are called hybrids.

____ 25. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

a. 2N daughter cells. c. body cells.
b. diploid cells. d. haploid cells.

____ 26. Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to

a. all organisms. c. plants only.
b. animals only. d. pea plants only.

____ 27. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study

a. cross-pollination. c. gamete formation.
b. the inheritance of traits. d. flowering.

____ 28. The principle of dominance states that

a. some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
b. alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
c. all alleles are recessive.
d. all alleles are dominant.

____ 29. When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
a. an allele for tallness from each parent.
b. an allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for shortness from the short
parent.
c. an allele from only the tall parent.
d. an allele for shortness from each parent.

____ 30. Chromosomes form tetrads during

a. anaphase II of meiosis. c. interphase.
b. metaphase I of meiosis. d. prophase I of meiosis.

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 31. In the P generation, a tall plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F2 plant will be tall
is
a. 50%. c. 25%.
b. 75% d. 100%.

____ 32. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are
called
a. incomplete dominance. c. multiple genes.
b. polygenic inheritance. d. multiple alleles.

Tt

T t

T TT Tt
TT

T TT Tt

T = Tall
t = Short

Figure 11–1

____ 33. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting
from the cross?
a. About half are expected to be tall. c. All are expected to be short.
b. All are expected to be tall. d. About half are expected to be short.

____ 34. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol

a. X. c. N.
b. Y. d. Z.

____ 35. If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce
a. green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.
b. both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.
c. green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas.
d. yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for green peas.

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 36. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing
each other’s inheritance?
a. principle of probabilities c. principle of dominance
b. principle of segregation d. principle of independent assortment

____ 37. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2
generation because
a. some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness.
b. they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from
the other parent.
c. the allele for shortness is dominant.
d. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants
produced gametes.

____ 38. Gene maps are based on

a. genetic diversity.
b. the frequencies of crossing-over between genes.
c. the number of genes in a cell.
d. independent assortment.

____ 39. If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently,
a. the genes are probably located far apart from each other.
b. the genes are probably located close to each other.
c. crossing-over never occurs between the genes.
d. crossing-over always occurs between the genes.

____ 40. Gametes have

a. two sets of chromosomes.
b. one allele for each gene.
c. twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells.
d. homologous chromosomes.

____ 41. Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are

a. determined by dominant factors only.
b. determined by recessive factors only.
c. not inherited by offspring.
d. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring.

____ 42. Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
a. stimulate self-pollination.
b. prevent hybrids from forming.
c. make controlled crosses between plants.
d. prevent cross-pollination.

____ 43. Variation in human skin color is an example of

a. multiple alleles. c. polygenic traits.
b. incomplete dominance. d. codominance.

____ 44. Linked genes

a. are on the same chromosome. c. are always recessive.
b. assort independently. d. are never separated.

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 45. A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring (BBWW). This
type of inheritance is known as
a. incomplete dominance. c. multiple alleles.
b. polygenic inheritance. d. codominance.

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement
true.

____ 46. Mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis results in one cell. _________________________

____ 47. Genes in the same linkage group are usually inherited separately. _________________________

____ 48. If an organism has four linkage groups, it has eight chromosomes. _________________________

____ 49. If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organism’s diploid number is 32.
_________________________

____ 50. The probability that a gamete produced by a pea plant heterozygous for stem height (Tt) will contain the
recessive allele is 100%. _________________________

____ 51. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will sometimes exhibit that trait.
_________________________

____ 52. If the alleles for a trait did not segregate during gamete formation, offspring would always show the trait
of at least one of the parents. _________________________

____ 53. If an organism is heterozygous for a particular gene, the two different alleles will be separated during
anaphase II of meiosis, assuming that no crossing-over has occurred. _________________________

____ 54. Gregor Mendel concluded that the tall plants in the P generation passed the factor for tallness to the F1
generation. _________________________

____ 55. Coat color in rabbits is determined by a single gene that has multiple alleles.
_________________________

____ 56. True-breeding plants that produced axial flowers were crossed with true-breeding plants that produced
terminal flowers. The resulting offspring produced terminal flowers because the allele for terminal flowers
is recessive. _________________________

____ 57. If two speckled chickens are mated, according to the principle of codominance, 25% of the offspring are
expected to be speckled. _________________________

____ 58. A trait is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
_________________________

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

____ 59. The principles of probability can explain the numerical results of Mendel’s experiments.
_________________________

____ 60. When alleles segregate from each other, they join. _________________________

Completion
Complete each statement.

61. When two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed, the expected genotype ratio of the offspring is
_________________________.

62. The plants that Gregor Mendel crossed to produce the F1 generation made up the
____________________ generation.

63. Pea plants that are TT, ____________________, or tt have different genotypes.

64. If the allele for shortness in pea plants were dominant, all the pea plants in Mendel’s F1 generation would
have been ____________________.

65. The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map.

66. The different forms of a gene are called ____________________.

67. If the alleles for traits in pea plants did not segregate during gamete formation, offspring that were
recessive for a trait could be produced only by crossing two plants that were ____________________
for that trait.

68. Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called ____________________.

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Name: ______________________ ID: A

Tt

T t

T TT Tt
TT

T TT Tt

T = Tall
t = Short

Figure 11–1

69. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, the genotypes of the offspring are
____________________.

70. If you flip a coin five times and it comes up heads each time, the probability that it will come up heads
the next time is ____________________.

71. ____________________ is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

72. The principle of independent assortment states that ____________________ for different traits can
segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

73. If pea plants that are homozygous for round, yellow seeds (RRYY) were crossed with pea plants that are
heterozygous for round, yellow seeds (RrYy), the expected phenotype(s) of the offspring would be
_________________________.

74. Crossing a pink-flowered four o’clock with a white-flowered four o’clock will produce pink-flowered
offspring and ____________________-flowered offspring.

75. An organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the
organism’s body cells.