Class XII Biology

Summer vacation worksheet 1

MM : 20
1. In asexual reproduction new cells are formed exactly same as the parent cells as the
chromosome number remains unchanged. In sexually reproducing organisms if body cells
are haploid (having half set of chromosomes), after fertilisation zygote undergoes reduction
division to form haploid daughter cells but if the body cells are diploid (having double set of
chromosomes) few specialised cells undergo reduction division to form haploid gametes and
then diploid zygote gives rise to diploid organism.
Based on your understanding of cell divisions (mitosis and meiosis) answer these:
(a) If parent is haploid, which cell division will be required to make haploid gametes?
(b) If the ploidy of a parent cell is changing from diploid to haploid in formation of gametes,
which cell division it has undergone?
(c) Humans and Drosophila have same mechanism of sex determination. What is the ploidy
of cells of zygote of Drosophila?
(d) Egg and male gametes of haploid or diploid organisms are always haploid. True/False
(e) If the number of chromosomes in egg of a species (showing both asexual and sexual
reproduction) is 14, what is the number of chromosomes in its progeny produced by asexual
reproduction? (5m)

2. In the flowchart of sex determination in human beings given below, father’s

chromosomes are represented by XY and mother’s chromosomes by XX. Observe the
pattern of inheritance of sex in humans below and compare it with Mendel’s crosses and
then answer.

(i) In this pattern, which sex chromosome, X or Y seem to have dominant effect?
(ii) Who all are homozygous in the above flowchart? (choose from father, mother, son &
daughter)
(iii) By which law of Mendel, 50% sperms have X and 50% have Y chromosome?
(iv) What is the ratio of progeny in the filial generation shown above (daughters:sons ratio)?
(v) Are human males heterozygous (different alleles of the same genes e.g. Tt or hemizygous
half different alleles of different genes like ZW)? (5m)
3. Fill the blanks in the given table related to 7 traits studied by Mendel in garden pea:
SN Name of trait Dominant Recessive
1 (a)_______________ Violet White
2 Flower position _(b)_______________ Terminal
3 Seed colour Yellow __(c)___________
4 Seed coat nature _(d)_____________ Wrinkled
5 Pod (fruit) colour Green _(e)______________
6 Pod nature Inflated _(f)______________
7 Stem height __(g)______________ ___(h)__________
Write Mendelian ratios of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. (5m)

4. Give one word for: (5m)

(a) Transfer of pollens from anther to stigma of different flowers on the same plant
(b) Mode of nutrition in which two organisms help each other to derive food and shelter.
(c) Part of flower which develops into fruit after maturation
(d) Removal of anthers from selected male plants in an artificial cross breeding plant
experiment
(e) Species that are specifically found in a particular geographical area like mango in India

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 Class XII Biology
Summer vacation worksheet 2
MM : 20

1. In the picture below, a cell is undergoing division

(i) Is the ploidy of the cell changing after division? Yes/No. Give reason for your answer.
(ii) If the chromosome number in cell 1 is 36, what is the number of chromosomes in the
two cells formed in step 7? Justify your answer.
(iii) Can this type of cell division be used to produce:
(a) Reproductive cells like egg and male gametes
(b) Embryo
Explain your answer in brief. ((5m)

2. (a) Nucleus → Chromosomes → Chromatin & centromere → Genes → DNA

Is the sequence correct? If no, write the correct sequence.
(b) Study the diagram given below:

(i) In the above diagrams, which parts are made of DNA?

(ii) Name the structure in nucleus which contains RNA?
(iii) Which structure on ER is associated with ribosome synthesis? (5m)

3. Draw a labelled diagram of section of carpel showing ovary, style & stigma with pollen
germination. Show clearly the 7 cells and 8 nuclei present inside the ovule. (5m)

4. Write the monohybrid cross shown below using the symbols P and p ONLY for the trait
flower colour up to F2 generation. Use Punnett square for deriving F2 generation. Mention
the two ratios derived in monohybrid crosses. Also mention the names of the two laws
Mendel derived from such type of crosses.

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