Chemistry

 Refers to the recorder observations and measurements in an explanation(DATA).

 How is hypothesis tested(by conducting experiments)
 Summarizes a natural occurrence that may be constantly observed given the same conditions which may be expressed
in words or in mathematical form(CONCLUSION).
 Which of the following is NOT true about scientific method(scientific method may be applied in every life).
 Which apparatus will you use to measure the mass of an irregular solid correctly(Vernier caliper).
 To graph the distanced covered and velocity of a car, which id the dependent variable? Where should be it plotted on a
line graph( distance, axis).
 A student found a piece of metal. What can the students to do quickly determine if the metal might contain iron(place
the metal near the magnet).
 A student dipped aa strip of aluminum and a strip of iron in water. The students then exposed the strips to air for one
week.( the iron strip formed rust)
 What human activity has added the most carbon in the atmosphere( burning fossils fuels).
 Aubrey wants to tract her summative tests scores over the course of the first grading period. Which of the ff with BEST
allow her to analyze her progress.(bar graph)
 What will most likely occur if global warming will not be addressed.( melting of ice cups).
 Relationship described when both quantities are increasing but one quantity increases faster than the other(direct
square proportion).
 In your attempt to determine which is denser oil or water , you mixed 25 ml of oil with 25 ml of water. What helpful
qualitative data can you derive from the setup. ( oil is on top of the water)
 Which of the following is a compound( dry ice).
 Which is most likely to chang the blue litmus paper to red( vinegar).
 Which can be classified as homogenous mixture(blood, virgin coconut oil,mango juice ).
 (low tensile strength) is a physical property of non-metals.
 The yellow color of a highlighter is a (physical property).
 An odorless and colorless matter boils at 100 degree and metals at 0 degree. What interference can be drawn from this
observation( it is a pure substance).
 You want to clean tarnished silver. Which one will you use( baking soda).
 What will you add to your food to make it last longer( vinegar).
 Why is it not advisable to drink softdrinks on a empty stomach( it increase the acidity of your stomach ).
 Almost the entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the ( nucleus proton/neutron).
 How many protons are present if an atom has a mass number of 23 and atomic number of 11(11).
 Carbon- 12 atoms has ( 6 electrons,6 protons, 6 neutrons).
 What happens to the atomic number during a chemical reaction(remains the same).
 Which of the following statements about isotopes of hydrogen is correct( they have the same number of protons.
 Which of the following has 16 electrons( 32 16S).
 How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in an atom of 197 79 Au(79 protons,electrons and 118 neutrons).
 What is the shape of the molecule BeC1 small 2.
 The generalized electron configuration of this group of element is Noble gas ns2ns. Identify its group and family.( GROUP
VII and FAMILY A)
 What is the position of 12 Mg in the periodic table of elements( GROUP II-A, period 3).
 What happens when a metal react with non metal usually(positive and negative ions are formed).
 What bond exists in a solid that does not conduct electricity but conducts electricity when dissolved in water( ionic
bond).
 Triple bond super reactive( three pairs of electrons can hold two atoms together stronger than two pairs.
 Which chemical bond will most likely exist if element A has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p3 and element B has
1S2 2S2 2P5.(polar covalent)
 X,Y and Z represent elements of atomic numbers 9,11 and 16. What type of bond will bw performed between Y and Z. (
ionic bond; nonmetal/metal)
 Matter exist in the form of units which can be classified in hierarchies or organizational levels. Which of the following
units shows correct hierarchical organization.(cell, tissue,organ,system,organism)
  An atom of silicon has a mass number of 28 and an atomic number of 14. How many protons are in this atom(14).
 Pure substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler are (elements).
 The word atom is from a Greek word meaning(indivisible).
 Condensation is the process by which gas changes into a liquid.
 Which of the following is a property of acids( sour taste).
 Particles are closely packed is a property of solid.
 Water is an example of compound.
 CH3CH2CH2OH (IUPAC NAME- propanol ).
 CH3CH2CH2COOH(IUPAC NAME- acetic acid)

Thermodynamic /Modern Physics

 Branches of Thermodynamics- equilibrium,classical and chemical.

 Work is not a state function .
 At a constant temperature, an ideal gas is compressed from 6.0 liters to 4.0 liters by a constant external pressure of 5.0
atm. How much is done on the gas.(10.0 J)
 What is the change in internal energy of a system that does 20 J of work when Q=100 Jand Q out=50 J(30 J).
 A gas is compressed adiabatically( is a processes is reversible).
 First law of thermodynamic- the work is done by a system is equal to the change in its internal energy plus the heat
transferred to the system.
 The entropy of a system always increases in the direction of constant disorder.
 Gibbs-Helmholtz= the gibbs free energy of a system is equal to its enthalpy minus its entropy the temperature .
 Specific heat capacity- the heat capacity of substance is the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by one
degree.
 Molar heat of fusion-the latent of fusion is the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid at its melting point.
 Volumetric heat of vaporization – the latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of
a liquid at its boiling point.
 Joules-thomson coefficient is a measure of how much a gas temperature changes when it is expanded adiabatically.
 Carnot cycle is a theoretical cycle that is define the efficiency of a heat engine.
 First law of efficiency is equal to work done by the engine divided by the heat input to the engine.
 The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two system are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then
they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
 The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant .
 The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of aan isolated system always increases over time.
 Internal energy is a measure of the total energy of a system.
 Internal energy is a state of function.
 Volume is an extensive property.
 Temperature is an example of intensive property.
 Internal energy of a system is a total of the system including its kinetic and potential energy.
 Enthalpy is the sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume of the system.
 Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.
 The expansion of an ideal gas into vacuum is an irreversible process.
 Process of isentropic is the compression of an ideal gas.
 The photon model of light is more appropriate than the wave model in explaining.( photoelectric emission).
 A phenomenon that best supports the theory that matter has a wave nature.(photo diffraction)
 Experiments performed with light indicate that light exhibits both particle and wave properties.
 Which phenomenon is best explained by the particle nature of light(the photoelectric effect).
 Light demonstrate the characteristics of both particles and wave.
 Which characteristics of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the energy of a photon.
 Photon transmit the energy in a light beam.
 In the photo electric , the speed emitted electrons may be increased by increasing the frequency of the light.
 The particle is a nucleus are held together primarily by the strong force.
 The strong force id the force of attraction between protons and electrons.