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2018 NMAT Review Biology Part 1
2018 NMAT Review Biology Part 1
NMAT REVIEW
September 2018
• Robert Hooke – coined the term “cell”
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek –”animalcules”
• 1839 –Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden
• 1855 –Rudolf Virchow
Cell Theory
Schwann and Schleiden
1. All living organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and
organization in organisms.
Virchow
Answer: D
Cell
2. Archenteron
Answer: C
3. Seed Embryo
Answer: C
4. Equilibrium in solutions
Answer: C
5. Double fertilization in flowering plants
• Endosperm
– Surrounds the
embryo
– Provides nutrition
in the form of
starch
Answer: D
6. Cell Transport
Passive and Active Transport
1. Passive –natural and unassisted (H-L)
– Simple Diffusion
– Facilitated Diffusion
2. Active –requires energy and
enzymes to go against concentration
gradient (L-H)
6. Cell Transport
Answer: B
7. Meiosis
Answer: B
• Light Dependent Reaction
H2O + ADP + P + NADP+ → ATP + NADPH + O2
• Light Independent Reaction
CO2 + ATP + NADPH → C6H12O6 + ADP + P + NADP+
Light Dependent Reaction
Answer: C
13. Cohesion-Tension in Xylem
Answer: C
15. Meristems
• Meristematic –
undifferentiated
• 3 Tissue Types:
– Dermal
– Vascular
– Ground
Answer: B
• Parenchyma –bulk of ground tissue
– For food and water storage
– For photosynthesis, healing, and tissue generation
• Collenchyma –flexibility (bend without breaking)
– Provides extra mechanical and structural support
• Sclerenchyma –rigid support (dead cells)
16. Photoperiodism
• Heliotropism-sun
• Phototropism-light
• Thigmotropism-touch or contact with a solid
• Gravitropism/Geotropism-gravity
Answer: C
18. Photosystem I
Answer: A
19. Blood flow
Answer: C
20. Hormones
Answer: A
22. Parathyroid Glands
• Four tiny glands, located in the
neck that control the body's
calcium levels
• Each gland is about the size of a
grain of rice and produces a
hormone called
parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Answer: D
23. Reaction to light
Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Answer: D
Modified Epithelium in the Stomach
Answer: B
27. Humoral Response
Answer: D
28. DNA replication
Answer: D
29. (recall from 11)
Answer: B
34. Action Potential
Answer: B
38. Myelin Sheath
• Myelin-whitish
protein-lipid substance
• Non-mylated conduct
more slowly
Answer: D
39. Punnett Square
Answer: D
• Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the
anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa.
• It is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi
apparatus.
• Acrosome formation is fully completed 5–10 years
after testicular maturation.
43. Oxidative Phosphorylation
a) formation of blastula
b) increase in cell number
c) development of the neural crest
d) increase in the amount of the genetic material
Answer: C
45.
Answer: B
47. Plant cell in hypertonic
• Hyper-cren/Hyper-shrink
• Plasmolysis - contraction of the protoplast of a plant
cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Answer: B
• Hemolysis - the rupture or destruction of red blood
cells.
48. Retention of Larval Traits
Answer: B
49. Embryo Development
Answer: B
50.
Answer: B
Plant Hormones
• Auxin
• Cytokinin
• Gibberelin
• Ethylene
Plant Hormones
A A
A S A