KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA 39 G.T.

C CANTT VARANASI

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PHYSICS

TOPIC : To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence
using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.

NAME OF STUDENT : SARWAGYA SINGH

Class : 12th 'A'

Roll no.: 33

TEACHERS SIGNATURE:
Acknowledgement:
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr. Vineet Kumar Gupta
and our Principal who have given me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
topic which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research an d I came to know about so many
new thin gs. I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents

and friends who helped 1ne a lot in fmalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SARWAGYA SINGH

is a Student of class 12th has
successfully completed the research
on the topic "To investigate the
dependence of the angle of deviation
on the angle of incidence
using a hollow prism filled one by one,
with different transparent
fluids."under the guidance of
Mr.Vineet Kumar Gupta during year
2023-2024 in partial fulfilment of
Physics examination of
K.V 39 G.T.C Varanasi.

Subject teacher : Mr. Vineet Kumar Gupta

C
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 Aim:
To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using a
hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.

To find
refractive index of
different liquids using
hollow prism.

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 THEORY
PRISM: A prism is a transparent optical element with
flat, polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can
be made from any material that is transparent
including glass,plastic and fluorite.
A prism can be used to break light up into its
constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used
to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarizations.

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REFRACTION:

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:

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Where:
= refractive index of the liquid
= the angle of minimum deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism
FLUIDS REFRACTIVE
INDEX
Water 1.33

Glycerine 1.47

Ethyl Alcohol 1.36

Vegetable Oil 1.45

Acetone 1.36

HCl 1.34

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O Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
o Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
o Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
o Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in
the straight line.
o Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
o Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
o Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points
so obtained.
▪ Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
o Repeat this with different liquids and different angle
of incidence.

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OBSERVATION

S.No. i e d A

1. 35 48 24 60

2. 40 52 30 60

3. 45 42 25 60

4. 50 36 26 60

5. 55 32 28 60

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S.No. i e d A

1. 35 52 26 60

2. 40 44 25 60

3. 45 41 25 60

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4. 50 36 26 60

5. 55 32 27 60

Benzaldehyde

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 Calculation
Refractive index of water

refractive index of benzaldehyde

refractive index of hcl

=1.34
refractive index of ethyl alcohol
=1.36

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THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.36
● CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL
o EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34
o CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF WATER
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.306
● ACTUAL: 1.33

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF BENZALDEHYDE

● ACTUAL: 1.546
● EXPERIMENTAL: 1.504

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Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
o Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
o Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
o Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
o Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.

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● wikipedia.org

● google.com

● physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com}

● earthphysics.com

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