Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MATERIALS
W L/ TOPIC/ LESSON / SPECIFIC TEACHING / LEARNING
/ REF. REMARKS
NO NO SUBTOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES
RESOURCES
1 1 GENETICS By the end of the lesson, the Exposition of new concepts.
learner should be able to: Probing questions on some KLB BK IV.
The concept of Define Genetics. variations in human beings. Ink pad, hand PP 1-2.
variation. Define variation. Observe some variations in lenses, white
human beings such as tongue paper.
rolling, finger prints, students’
heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of
variation.
4,5 Continuous Define continuous variation. Class activity ; students Metre rules/
variation. Give examples of measure and record their tape measure, KLB BK IV.
characteristics that show heights; Graph papers PP 3-4
continuous variation. Plotting of frequency-height
graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing
questions.
2 1- Causes of variation. Discuss causes of variation. Exposition of new concepts. KLB BK IV.
2 Discussion with probing P4
questions.
1
2 3- The chromosome. Describe the structure of Exposition of new concepts.
4 chromosomes. Probing questions. KLB BK IV.
Discussion. PP 4-5.
3- Genes and DNA. Describe the structure of Expository approach. Chart- the KLB BK IV.
4 genes and DNA. double helix PP 7-8
Identify the role of DNA. DNA.
4 1 First law of heredity. Describe Mendel’s Exposition with explanations. KLB BK IV.
experiments. PP 11-12
State Mendel’s first law.
4- Genetic crosses Show fusion of gametes Completing a punnet square; KLB BK IV.
5 using a punnet using a punnet square. Brief discussion. PP 14-15
square.
2
5 1- Ratios of phenotypes Explain the concept of Q/A to review phenotypes Beans of two KLB BK IV.
2 and genotypes. probability in inheritance of and genotypes. different PP 15-17
characteristics. Simple experiments on colours,
probability. beakers.
Discussion.
3
7 1- Sex-linked genes Identify sex-linked traits in Probing questions; KLB BK IV.
2 and traits. man. Drawing illustrative diagrams; PP 24-27
Illustrate inheritance of sex- Discussion.
linked traits with diagrams.
8
1- Gene mutation. Differentiate between Q/A to review types of Models to show KLB BK IV.
2 chromosomal and gene chromosomal mutation; Chromosomal PP 33-35
mutation. Using sequence models to mutations.
Identify types of gene show chromosomal mutations.
mutation. Discussion.
3- Disorders due to Explain some disorders due Discussion on albinism, KLB BK IV.
5 gene mutations. to gene mutations. sickle-cell anaemia, PP 35-38
Illustrate genetic disorders haemophilia, colour blindness.
with diagrams. Drawing illustrative diagrams.
4
5 EVOLUTION KLB BK IV.
PP 49-51
Meaning of Define evolution. Brain storming;
evolution. Explain the theories of life. Probing questions;
Theories of origin of Q/A on creation theory;
life. Exposition of chemical theory.
11 1- Evidence for organic Cite evidence for organic Brain storming; KLB BK IV.
2 evolution. evolution. Probing questions; PP 51-59
Exposition;
Discussion.
2- Convergent evolution Define convergent evolution. Examine wings of insects; Wings of insects, KLB BK IV.
3 and analogous Give examples of analogous wings of birds / bat. wings of birds / PP 63-64
structures.(contd) structures. Discuss observations. bat.
Give examples of vestigial
structures.
4 Larmack’s theory of Explain Larmack’s theory of Expositions and explanations. KLB BK IV.
evolution. evolution. P 67
5 Darwin’s theory of Explain Darwin’s theory of Expositions and explanations; KLB BK IV.
natural selection. natural selection. Probing questions; PP 67-72
Cite examples of natural Topic review.
selection in action.
5
13
END OF TERM ONE EXAMS
SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM TWO YEAR 2023
MATERIALS
W L/ TOPIC/ LESSON / SPECIFIC TEACHING / LEARNING
/ REF. REMARKS
NO NO SUBTOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES
RESOURCES
1 1- RECEPTION,
2 RESPONSE &
CO-ORDINATION
KLB BK IV.
Meaning of stimulus, Define of stimulus, response Brain storming; Brad crumbs,
PP 73-74
response and and irritability. Exposition; termites, dry
irritability. Explain the need for Group experiments- sand, moth
sensitivity and response. chemotaxis in termites; balls.
Tactic responses. Identify types of tactics Discussion.
responses.
3- Tropism and types of Identify types of tropism. Examine previous plant set – Seedlings, KLB BK IV.
4 tropism. State differences between ups on response to light, klinostat, PP 74-78
tropisms and taxes. gravity; corked beaker.
Probing questions and
discussion.
5 Nastic responses. Identify types of nastic Q/A and discussion. KLB BK IV.
responses PP 78-80
2 1- Role of auxins in Explain the role of auxins in Examine previous plant set – KLB BK IV.
3 tropisms. tropisms. ups on response to light, PP 80-83
gravity; contact;
Probing questions and
discussion.
6
4- Response and
5 Co-ordination in
animals.
KLB BK IV.
The nervous system. State components of the Descriptive and expository Illustrative PP 84-85
nervous system. approaches. diagrams.
Describe the structure of
nerve cells.
3 1 Types of neurons. Identify types of neurons. Descriptive and expository Illustrative
approaches. diagrams.
The brain. Describe structure of the KLB BK IV.
human brain. PP 85-88
2 Reflex actions. Differentiate between simple Illustrate a simple reflex arc. Illustrative
and conditioned reflex Probing questions on diagrams.
actions. differences between simple KLB BK IV.
and conditioned reflex actions. PP 88-90
4 1- The mammalian eye. Identify major parts of the Brain storming; Chart- the
2 human eye. Discussion with probing human eye.
Explain image formation and questions. KLB BK IV.
interpretation in the eye. PP 93-100
7
3- Accommodation of Explain the role of ciliary Discussion with probing Chart- focusing
4 the eye. muscles in accommodation of questions, far and near
the eye. Drawing illustrative diagrams. points. KLB BK IV.
PP 100-1
5 Defects of vision and Identify defects of vision. Detailed discussion with Illustrative
their correction. Explain correction of vision probing questions; diagrams.
defects. Drawing illustrative diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 101-4
5 1 Defects of vision and Identify defects of vision. Detailed discussion with Illustrative
their correction. Explain correction of vision probing questions; diagrams.
defects. Drawing illustrative diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 101-4
2 The human ear. Identify major parts of the Descriptive and expository Illustrative
human ear. approaches. diagrams.
KLB BK IV.
Drawn diagrams.
PP 104-5
5 Defects of the ear. Identify some defects of the Descriptive and expository
ear. approaches. KLB BK IV.
P 108
8
6 1 SUPPORT &
MOVEMENT IN
PLANTS AND
ANIMALS
KLB BK IV.
PP 111-2
Importance of Explain the importance of Brain storming;
support and support and movement in Probing questions;
movement in plants. plants. Discussion.
3,4 Arrangement of Draw and label a transverse Examine transverse section of Herbaceous
tissues in a section of a dicotyledonous a dicotyledonous stem, stem,
dicotyledonous stem. stem. herbaceous and woody stems. microscope,
slides,
Draw and label a transverse KLB BK IV.
Razors.
section of herbaceous and PP 111-5
woody stems.
5 Stem tissues. Identify some stem tissues. Drawing and labeling Illustrative
Explain the role of stem diagrams; diagrams.
KLB BK IV.
tissues. Discussion.
PP 113-5
7 1 Wilting in plants. Compare the rate of wilting of Uproot herbaceous and woody KLB BK IV.
herbaceous and woody stems. plants; P 116
Account for difference in rate Observe tem for about 30 min;
of water loss. Brief discussion.
9
2- The exoskeleton. Describe the structure of the Examine movement of a live A live arthropod,
3 exoskeleton. arthropod; E.g.
Observe muscles of the hind grasshopper,
millipede. KLB BK IV.
limb of a grasshopper;
PP 116-7
Relate the observations to the
function of the exoskeleton.
4- The endoskeleton. Describe the structure of the Observe skeleton of a The human KLB BK IV.
5 endoskeleton. vertebrate; skeleton. PP 117-8
Compare it with an
exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting
features.
5 TEST
8 1 Locomotory features Identify the locomotory Observe external features of a A freshly killed
of a finned fish. features of a finned fish. tilapia. tilapi
Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.
2- Locomotion in a Explain how locomotion Review external features of a A freshly killed KLB BK IV.
3 finned fish. occurs in a finned fish. tilapia. tilapia. PP 117-8
Explain how a fish is adapted Detailed discussion.
to locomotion in its habitat.
4 Tail power of a fish. Calculate the tail power of a Measure length of tail, length A freshly killed KLB BK IV.
fish. of a tilapia fish. tilapia. PP 118-9
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of
tail power in locomotion.
10
5 Support and
movement in
mammals.
KLB BK IV.
The skull and rib Describe the structure of the Observe the human skull and Human skull,
PP 119-
cage. skull and rib cage. rib cage of a rat / rabbit. rib cage of
120
Detailed discussion. rat / rabbit.
10 1- The vertebral Describe the features of the Examine cervical and thoracic Cervical and KLB BK IV.
2 column. vertebral column. vertebrae. thoracic PP 121-2
Identify types of vertebrae. vertebrae.
Cervical and Explain adaptations of
thoracic vertebrae. cervical and thoracic
vertebrae to their functions.
3- Thoracic and lumbar Explain adaptations of Examine thoracic and lumbar Thoracic and KLB BK IV.
4 vertebrae. Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. lumbar PP 122-3
vertebrae to their functions. Draw labeled diagrams; vertebrae.
Brief discussion.
5 The sacral and Describe the features of the Examine sacral and caudal Sacral and KLB BK IV.
caudal vertebrae. sacral and caudal vertebrae. vertebrae. caudal P 124
Explain adaptations of sacral Draw labeled diagrams; vertebrae.
and caudal vertebrae to their Brief discussion.
functions.
11 1- The appendicular Describe the features of the Examine the appendicular Appendicular KLB BK IV.
2 skeleton. appendicular skeleton. skeleton of a rabbit /sheep. skeleton of a PP 124-5
Brief discussion.. rabbit /sheep.
11
3,4 Fore limb. Identify bones of the fore Examine bones if the fore Bones of the fore KLB BK IV.
limb. limb; limb. PP 126-7
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
5 Hind limb. Identify bones of the hind Examine bones if the hind Bones of the KLB BK IV.
limb. limb; hind limb. P 127
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
12
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13 END OF TERM EXAMS - MOCK K.C.S.E.
2 Ball and socket Identify features of ball and Examine the synovial joint. Synovial joint KLB BK IV.
joint. socket joint. Discuss observations. model. P 128
12
3, The hinge joint. Identify features of hinge Examine a hinge joint. Illustrative KLB BK IV.
joint. diagrams. PP 128-9
4 Movement of a joint. Observe movement of the fore
Describe movement of a joint. arm;
Discussion.
PRACTICAL TEST
5
2 1 Skeletal muscles. Describe features of Examine diagrams of skeletal Illustrative KLB BK IV.
skeletal muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 129-30
Brief discussion.
2- Smooth or visceral Describe features of Examine diagrams of smooth Illustrative KLB BK IV.
3 muscles. smooth muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 129-30
Brief discussion.
4- Cardiac muscles. Describe features of Examine diagrams of smooth Illustrative KLB BK IV.
5 smooth muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 130-1
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
K.C.S.E EXAMINATION
13