Grade 1 to 12 School Imelda National High School Grade Level 9

Daily Lesson Log Teacher Esmeralda D. Gamil Learning Area Science

Teaching Date and Time Quarter First
Q1Monday Q1Tuesday Q1_Wednesday Q1_Thursday Q1_Frida
(Day 1) (Day 2) (Day 3) (Day 4) y
(ICL)
I- OBJECTIVES 1.Construct a model of the 1. Explain the incomplete 1. Define codominance from the 1. Define multiple allele;
structure of the DNA dominance pattern of given cross; 2. Explain genetic
molecule inheritance 2. Predict the possible traits of phenomena using the
2. Describe DNA structure 2. Predict genotypes and the calves using a punnett concepts of multiple alleles;
and the rules for base phenotypes of parents and square; 2. Solve sample blood typing
pairing of DNA offspring using incomplete 3. Give the phenotypic & problems and realize its
dominance genotypic ratio of the offspring. importance.
3. Illustrate by means of a
Punnett square a cross
involving incomplete
dominance pattern of
inheritance
A. CONTENT The learners demonstrate an understanding of the different pattern of inheritance.
STANDARD
B.PERFORMANCE The learners shall be able to solve genetic problems of Non-Mendelian Inheritance.
STANDARD
C. LEARNING MELC - Explain the different patterns of Non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance
COMPETENCIES/ CODE: S9LT-Id-29
OBJECTIVES Menu of strategies: 1. Inquiry- based approach, 2. Scientific method approach, 3. Differentiated instruction technique
II. CONTENT DNA Incomplete Dominance Codominance Multiple Alleles

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References

1. Teacher's Guide Pp. 14 Pp. 2-3 Pp. 3-5 Pp. 5-6

Pages
2. Learner's Pp. 19-21 Pp.3-5 Pp.5-8 Pp. 8-10
Materials Pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning Portal
Resource (LR)
B. Other Learning “Deoxyribonucleic Acid BD Editors. “Incomplete Editors, B. D. Editors, B. D.
Resources (DNA).” Genome.Gov, Dominance - Definition and “Codominance.” Biology Dictionary, “Codominance.” Biology
2019,www.genome.gov/geneti Examples | Biology 20 Dec. 2016, Dictionary, 20 Dec. 2016,
cs glossary/Deoxyribonucleic- Dictionary.” Biology Dictionary, biologydictionary.net/codominance/. biologydictionary.net/codominan
Acid. 29 Apr. 2017, ce/.
biologydictionary.net/incomplete-
“STEM Curriculum for K-12 - dominance/. “Codominance.” Genome.Gov,
TeachEngineering.” Teachengi 2019, www.genome.gov/genetics- “Science.” Khan Academy,
neering.Org, 2019, BD Editors. “Home.” Biology glossary/Codominance. www.khanacademy.org/science
www.teachengineering.org/. Dictionary, 2019, .
biologydictionary.net/.

IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing To elicit prior knowledge,
Previous Lesson or the teacher will have a
Presenting New puzzle activity. Students will
Lesson be asked to look for words
that are related to the topic.
(Sugar, Deoxyribonucleic,
Components, etc.)
Activity 1 (offline)
Title: Word Search
Problem: What is DNA?
Hypothesis: DNA, or
deoxyribonucleic acid, is
(ELICIT) the hereditary material in
humans and almost all
other organisms.
“Khan Academy.” Khan
Academy, 2008,
www.khanacademy.org/.
Let the learners answer the Let the learners answer the Let the learners answer the
short activity. short activity. short activity.
Activity 1 Activity 1 Activity 1
Title: Tell Me the Words Title: Observing Traits Title: Concept Map
Problem: What are the words Problem: What are the traits of Problem: What is multiple
associated to incomplete the different organisms? allele?
dominance? Hypothesis: Different Hypothesis: Multiple alleles
Hypothesis: Answers may organisms shows different traits. refer to more than 2 types of
vary: It can be recessive, Materials: pen, paper, pictures alleles that control a trait.
dominant, allele, genotype, of organisms
phenotype Procedure aterials: Pen, paper, picture
Definitions: 1. Observe and study the
a. Recessive -relating to or different traits inherited of the Procedure:
denoting heritable organism shown below, and 1. Study the picture given.
characteristics controlled by then answer the guide question. 2. Based on the picture, give
genes that are expressed in
 Materials: Puzzle, pen and
paper
Procedure:
1. Locate at least 5 words
below and encircle it in the
given puzzle.
offspring only when inherited word/phrase that describes
from both parents. multiple alleles. Present your
b. Dominant-is an inherited answer in a concept map as
characteristic that appears in shown below.
an offspring if it is contributed
from a parent through a
dominant allele.

c. Phenotype- the set of

observable characteristics of
an individual resulting from
the interaction of its genotype
with the environment.
d. Genotype- is the particular
combination of alleles for a
particular gene or locus
e. Alleles-different form of a
gene that controls a certain
trait.
f. Punnett squares- the
method by which one can
determine the possible
genotypes and phenotypes
when two parents are
crossed.
Fig.1. Word puzzle
Fig.1. Set of organisms
Guide Questions
1. What do the pictures
tell us?
About the different organisms Fig.1. Concept map
with different traits.
2. Are the traits of the
parents expressed in the
offspring?
Yes.
3. What are these traits?
Color of their fur, their feathers,
their legs, the color of the eyes.

B. Establishing a Present the objectives of Present the objectives of Present the objectives of the Present the objectives of
Purpose for the the lesson. the lesson. lesson. the lesson.
Lesson
1.Construct a model of 1. Explain the incomplete 1. Define co-dominance from 1. Define Multiple Allele;
the structure of the DNA dominance pattern of the given cross; 2. Explain genetic
(ENGAGE) molecule; inheritance 2. Predict the possible traits phenomena using the
2. Describe DNA 2. Predict genotypes and of the calves using a Punnett concepts of multiple
structure and the rules for phenotypes of parents and square; alleles;
 the base pairing of DNA. offspring using incomplete 3. Give the phenotypic & 2. Solve sample blood
dominance genotypic ratio of the typing problems and
3. Illustrate by means of a offspring. realize its importance.
Punnett square a cross
involving incomplete
dominance pattern of
inheritance
C. Presenting Ask the learner to Ask the learner to perform Ask the learner to perform the Ask the learner to perform
Examples/ perform the short activity. the short activity. short activity. the short activity.
Instances of the
Lesson
Activity 2 (offline) Activity 2 (offline) Activity 1 Activity 2
Title: Components of Title: Inheritance Title: Can I have a pink cow? Title: Alleles
DNA
Problem: How do traits can Problem: What will be the Problem: How many
Problem: What are the be inherited? color of the cow if you cross alleles control a trait?
(ENGAGE) components of DNA? red and white?
Hypothesis: Different race Hypothesis: It depends
Hypothesis: The has different patterns of Hypothesis: The color could on organisms.
structure of DNA is like a inheritance. be roan.
helix. It is composed of Materials: pen, paper,
phosphate, pentose Materials: pen, paper, Materials: pen, paper, picture picture
sugar and nitrogenous picture
base Procedure: Procedure:
1.Analyze the given picture 1. Analyze the presented
Materials: pen, paper, below showing the idea of Mendel’s principles
picture phenotypes of the cow with that offer a set of rules to
co-dominant trait predict various patterns of
Procedure: inheritance. To support
1. Read the concept in this, a figure/picture of a
the box and study the two four-o’clock flower
illustration below. presented below.
2. Answer the guide
questions.
 Science 9 Learners’ Module
DNA is composed of (2015). Department of
chains of nucleotides Education-Instructional Materials
built on a sugar and Materials Council Secretariat Fig.2. Punnett square
phosphate backbone and (DepED-IMCS). Pasig City, 2. Based from the
Philippines figure/picture, answer the
wrapped around each
other in the form of a thought provoking
1. Can you have pink cow if a questions:
double helix. The
red cow is crossed with a
backbone supports four Fig.1. Picture Gallery white cow? Why or why not? Guide questions
bases: guanine,
No. The color can be white
cytosine, adenine, and Procedure: with red spot or vice versa. 1. How many alleles
thymine. Guanine and 1. Analyze the pictures
cytosine are presented in the punnet
above showing an 2. Can you give other square? Which is
complementary, always interracial family with a examples of co dominant dominant and recessive?
appearing opposite each child, carnations (red, traits in plants?
other on the helix, as are (Answer: 2 alleles, red
white, and pink), and hair Yes, example is gumamela color (R)-dominant and
adenine and thymine. types (straight, curly, and plant
This is critical in the white color (W)-recessive)
wavy).
reproduction of the Teacher’s Notes
genetic material, as it 2. What happens if one
Guide question The answers in this warm- allele is not completely
allows a strand to divide 1. What is your up activity can be used as
and copy itself, since it dominant over another?
observation? examples later on the What if a gene has several
only needs half of the Ans: Different race has lesson while discussing the
material in the helix to alleles?
different pattern of co-dominance. (Answer: Many genes
duplicate successfully. inheritance. exist in several different
forms, some alleles are
neither dominant nor
recessive, and are
therefore said to have
multiple alleles )

Fig. 1. Parts of DNA

 Guide questions:

1. What are the

components of the
nucleotide?
Ans. Phosphate, Pentose
Sugar and Nitrogenous
base

2. What are the different

kinds of nitrogen bases?
Ans. Adenine, thymine,
cytosine, guanine
D. Discussing New Let the learner perform Let the learner answer the Let the learner answer the Let the learner answer the
Concepts and the activity. activity. activity. activity.
Practicing New
Skills #1
Activity 3(offline) Activity 3 (offline) Activity2 Activity 3
Title: DNA Modeling Title: Phenotypes and Title: Mystery Bull Title: What’s your blood
Genotypes in Incomplete type?
Problem: Dominance Problem:
What are the What are the possible traits of Problem:
components of a DNA Problem: the calves if the parent cows How many possible
molecule? What is the possible are red and white? combinations of genes for
outcome of the cross a blood type that a person
between two pink flowered Hypothesis: might have?
(EXPLORE) Hypothesis: Calves’ skin may have a
four o’clock plants?
DNA has three types of combination of red and white Hypothesis:
chemical component: Hypothesis: color. In humans, there are four
phosphate, a sugar The offspring may have blood types (phenotypes):
called deoxyribose, and red, white and pink colored Materials: A, B, AB, O.
four nitrogenous bases— flower.  Pen
adenine, guanine,  Paper Materials:
cytosine, and thymine. Materials:  Pen
  Activity sheets Procedure:  Paper
Materials:  Manila paper 1.Read the given problem:
 Cut outs of basic  Marking pen Mang Marcelino owns a Procedure:
subunits of DNA purebred red cow. In his A. Given the blood types
 Crayons Procedure: farm he noticed that after a of the mother and the
 Scissors 1. Read the given problem:typhoon several months ago, child, identify the possible
 Tape or glue Show the possible outcome all of the fences that separate blood type of the father.
of the cross between two his cattle from his neighbor’s
cattle were destroyed. During Mother’s Father’s Child’s
Procedure: pink flowered four o’clock blood blood blood
1. Cut out all of the units plants by using the Punnettthe time that the fences were type type type
needed to make the square. down, three bulls, one from A A,B,AB A
each neighbor, mingled with or O
nucleotides from the
R W B A or AB AB
hand out provided at the 2. his cows. For a while, he AB A, B, B
end of the module. R RR RW thought that none of the bulls AB, or O
2. Color codes the W RW WW found his cows, but over the O A, B or O
O
nitrogenous bases, Now, another cross was months, he noticed that all of
phosphorus, and sugars made involving a red his cows are pregnant. He
B. Show the possible
according to the teacher's flowered four o’clock plant suspected that one of the
alleles that can be found in
directions. and a pink flowered four bulls is the father. Which bull
each offspring and write
Adenine = yellow, o’clock plant. is it? Help Mang Marcelino
the blood type for each
Guanine = green, look for the father by solving
offspring.
Thymine = blue, 3. Using the Punnett the given problem.
Cytosine = red, square again, show the Possible alleles from
Phosphate = brown, and possible outcome. 1. Determine the possible father

Deoxyribose = black traits of the calves if: A B O

3. Using the small R W  a red (RR) bull is Possi A A AB A
ble
squares and stars as R RR RW mated with a red (RR) allele
guides, line up the bases, R RR RW cow 1 s
from
B AB B B
phosphates and sugars. Guide Questions  a red (RR) bull is moth O A B O
er
4. Now glue the mated with a white
appropriate parts Q1. How many types of (WW) cow 2 Use the table to answer
together forming gametes will each parent  a roan (RW) is mated the following questions,
nucleotides. produce in problem no. 1? with a red (RR) cow 3 and list all possible blood
Construct DNA model _________ Cow 1 will have red calves; types.
using the following In problem no. 2? Cow 2 will have roan calves;
sequence to form a row ___________ Cow 3 will have red and roan Guide questions
from top to bottom: Ans. Problem # 1: Two calves.
Thymine types of gametes for each 2. Illustrate your answers Q1. What blood type (or
Adenine parent, since their using a Punnett square. types) can be found in an
Cytosine genotypes are RW & RW Student answers should be offspring if a mother has
Guanine Problem # 2: One parent based on the Punnett square type A blood and the
Adenine will have one type of they have already prepared in father has type B blood?
Cytosine gamete and the other two their activity. Ans: AB
5. Let this arrangement types of gametes, since -a red (RR) bull is mated with
represent the left half of their genotypes are RR & a red (RR) cow 1 Q2. What blood type (or
your DNA molecule. RW. types) can be found in an
R R
6. Complete the right side - a red offspring if a mother has
R RR RR type AB blood and the
of the ladder by adding Q2. What is the phenotype
of a heterozygous four R RR RR father has type B blood?
the complementary
bases. You will have to o’clock flower? (RR) bull is mated with a Ans: AB
turn them upside down in __________ white (WW) cow 2
order to make them fit. Ans. Pink flowers W W Q3. What blood type (or
7. Your finished model - a R RW RW types) can be found in an
should look like a ladder. Q3. What are the possible offspring if a mother has
R RW RW
phenotypes of the offspring type O blood and the
roan (RW) is mated with a red father has type B blood?
Guide Questions from the cross of the
(RR) cow 3 Ans: B
parental plants in problem
Q1. What are the no. 1? R W
common parts of a _________________ R RR RW
nucleotide? In problem no. 2?
R RR RW
Ans. Sugar and _____________
Phosphate Ans. Problem # 1 Pink & Guide questions
Red flowers Problem # 2
Q2. What is the one part Red, Pink & White flowers 1. Will you be able to trace
of the nucleotide that the father of the calves? What
differs among the other Q4. What are the possible are the possible phenotypes
different nucleotides? genotypes of the offspring of the calves for each cow?
Ans. Base from the cross of the Yes. Cow 1 will have red
parental plants in problem calves; Cow 2 will have roan
Q3. List the different no. 1? _____ calves; Cow 3 will have red
kinds of nitrogen bases. ____________ and roan calves.
Ans. Adenine, thymine, In problem no. 2?
cytosine, guanine _____________ 2. Do you think you will make
Ans. Problem # 1 RR, RW, Mang Marcelino happy about
Q4. Is there always going WW Problem # 2 RR, RW the result of your
to be an equal number of investigation? How are you
adenine and thymine going to explain it to him?
nucleotides in molecule? Yes. Answer should be based
Why? on the Punnett square they
Ans. Yes, adenine can have already prepared in their
only pair with thymine activity.
because of their chemical
structures. In co-dominance, both
alleles are expressed
Q5. Is there always equally in the phenotype
going to be an equal of the heterozygote. For
number of guanine and example, red cows
cytosine nucleotides in a crossed with white cows
molecule? Why? will have offspring that are
Ans. Yes, guanine can roan cows. Roan refers to
only pair with cytosine cows with red and white
because of their chemical blotches.
structures.
 Fig. 2. DNA template
E. Discussing New Let the students perform Let the students perform Let the students perform the Let the students perform
Concepts and the activity. the activity. activity below to master the the activity.
Practicing New
Skills #2 concept in codominance.
Activity 4 (offline) Activity 4 Activity: Is It Switched?
Title: Base Pairing Title: Phenotypes and Activity 3
(EXPLORE) Problem: Genotypes in Incomplete Title: Codominance Problem:
What are the rules in Dominance 2.0 What is the possible blood
base pairing? Problem: type of the offspring if the
Problem: What is the possible father is homozygous for
Hypothesis: What is the possible genotype of a particular fish? type B and the mother is
A with T: the purine phenotype and genotype What will be the possible homozygous type A?
adenine (A) always pairs ratio of the offspring for a color of the offspring?
with the pyrimidine cross between a
thymine (T) homozygous red-flowered Hypothesis: Hypothesis:
C with G: the pyrimidine snapdragon (RR) and a The Genotype will be BB, Bb The offspring will have
cytosine (C) always pairs homozygous white- and bb. 50% of the fish will type AB.
with the purine guanine flowered snapdragon (rr)? have a blue and patchwork
(G) color. Materials:
Hypothesis:  Pen
Materials: The genotypic ratio will be Materials:  Paper
 Pen 100 % Rr and the • Pen
 Paper phenotypic ratio will be • Paper Procedure:
100% pink
Procedure: Procedure: 1. Read the problem
1. Use the base pairing Materials: 1. Read the given problem: and answer the
rules to figure out the  Activity sheets given questions.
sequence of the new  pen In a certain fish, blue scales
strand of DNA for the (BB) and red scales (bb) are Two other parents think
original strands below. Procedure: codominant. When a fish their baby was switched at
1. Read the problem on the has the hybrid genotype, it the hospital. The mother
Rule in base pairing: box and answer the given has a patchwork of blue and has blood type “A,” the
 A with T: the purine question. red scales. father has blood type “B,”
adenine (A) always pairs and the baby has blood
with the pyrimidine Guide questions type “AB.”
thymine (T) Complete the Punnet
C with G: the pyrimidine square for a cross between 1. What is the genotype 1.Mother’s genotype:
cytosine (C) always pairs a homozygous red-flowered for blue fish? IA IA
with the purine guanine snapdragon (RR) and a Ans: BB Father’s genotype:
(G) homozygous white- IB IB
flowered snapdragon (rr). 2. What is the genotype for Baby’s genotype:
1. red fish? IAIB
ACATGCATGGCTACGC Give the ratio for the Ans: bb
TGTACGTACCGATGCG phenotype and the d. Punnett square that
genotype. 3. What is the genotype for shows the baby’s
2. patchwork fish? genotype as a possibility:
CGTACGTCGTATATCG Ans: Bb
GCATGCAGCATATAGC IB IB
4. What happens if you breed
3. a patchwork fish with a fish
IA IAIB IAIB
GACGAATGCCTAGTTT that only has blue scales?
CTGCTTACGGATCAAA
a. What is the probability IA IAIB IAIB
of having fish with red
scales?
Ans: 0% e. Was the baby
switched?
b. What is the probability No.
Ans.
of having fish with
patchwork scales?
Ans: 50%

F. Developing Let the learner answer Let the learner answer the Let the learner answer the Let the learner answer the
Mastery leads to the questions. questions. questions. questions.
Formative
Assessment 3 1. What is DNA? 1. What is incomplete 1. What is co-dominance? 1. What is multiple allele?
DNA is composed of dominance? In co dominance, both alleles Three or more alternative
(EXPLAIN)
chains of nucleotides Ans: Incomplete dominance are expressed equally in the forms of a gene (alleles)
built on a sugar and is a form of intermediate phenotype of the that can occupy the same
phosphate backbone and inheritance in which one heterozygote. For example, locus. However, only two
wrapped around each allele for a specific trait is red cows crossed with white of the alleles can be
other in the form of a not completely expressed cows will have offspring that present in a single
double helix. over its paired allele. This are roan cows. Roan refers to organism. For example,
results in a third phenotype cows with red and white the ABO system of blood
2. What are the in which the expressed blotches. groups is controlled by
components of a DNA physical trait is a three alleles, only two of
molecule? combination of the 2. How can we predict the which are present in an
DNA has three types of phenotypes of both alleles. genotype and phenotype of a individual.
chemical component: particular offspring?
phosphate, a sugar 2. What is phenotype? A Punnett square is a chart
called deoxyribose, and a The set of observable that allows you to determine2. Why is it that individual
nitrogenous base. characteristics of an the expected percentages of have only two of blood
individual resulting from the different genotypes in the types alleles even if
3. List the different kinds interaction of its genotype offspring of two parents. A there are multiple alleles
of nitrogen bases. with the environment Punnett square allows the within the population?
Ans. Adenine, thymine, It’s because individuals
prediction of the percentages
cytosine, guanine 3. What is genotype? have only two biological
of phenotypes in the offspring
The particular combination of a cross from known parents. Half of our genes
4. Give one difference of alleles for a particular genotypes. (alleles) is inherited from
between a pyrimidine and gene or locus. mother, & the other half
a purine. 3. What is the difference from father, so it ends up
Ans. Purines are larger 4. How can we predict the between co-dominance and with two alleles for every
than pyrimidines because genotype and phenotype of incomplete dominance? trait in our phenotype).
they have a two-ring a particular offspring? Co dominance- occurs when
structure while A Punnett square is a chart both alleles are expressed
pyrimidines only have a that allows you to To deepen student’s
equally in the phenotype of
single ring. determine the expected conceptual understanding
heterozygote
on multiple alleles and the
5. What would the
resulting DNA look like if
two purines bonded
together?
With DNA, a purine
can only bind with a
pyrimidine; you cannot
have two purines and two
pyrimidines together.
This is because two
purines bonding together
would take up too much
space between the two
DNA strands, which
would affect the structure
and not allow the strands
to be held together
properly.
6. What determines the
sequence of the nitrogen
bases in a new DNA
strand?
Within double-stranded
DNA, The nitrogenous
bases on one strand pair Ans.
with complementary
bases along the other
strand; in particular,
Adenine always pairs
with Thymine, and
Cytosine always pairs
with Guanine.
percentages of different
genotypes in the offspring
of two parents. A Punnett
square allows the
prediction of the
percentages of phenotypes
in the offspring of a cross
from known genotypes.
5. Complete the Punnett
square for a cross between
a homozygous red-flowered
snapdragon (RR) and a
homozygous white-
flowered snapdragon (rr).
Give the ratio for the
phenotype and the
genotype.
Incomplete dominance-characters governed by it,
occurs when the phenotype a downloaded slideshow
of the offspring is somewhere presentation will be
in between the phenotypes of presented by the teacher
both parents; completely to the class.
dominant allele does not Link :
occur. https://
www.henry.k12.va.us/
4. Does co-dominance occur cms/lib/.../Non-
in humans?
Indeed “co dominance” is the
specific term for a system in
which an allele from each
homozygote parent combines
in the offspring, and the
offspring simultaneously
demonstrates both
phenotypes.
medelian.ppt
(Access on May 8, 2019)
7. Write out the sequence
of the new DNA segment
that would form
complement to the
segment
GGACTGTTA.
Ans. CCTGACAAT

8. If an incorrect
nucleotide is incorporated
into a new strand of DNA,
will this mistake be
transmitted to the next
generation of DNA
molecules that forms
from this strand?
If some replication errors
make it past these
mechanisms, thus
becoming permanent
mutations. These altered So far, we have studied
nucleotide sequences traits or genes that are
can then be passed down coded for by just two
from one cellular alleles. Like in rabbits,
generation to the next, there was one allele for
and if they occur in cells brown hair color and one
that give rise to gametes, allele for white hair.
they can even be However, some traits are
transmitted to coded for by more than
subsequent organismal two alleles. This is a
generations. violation of Mendel’s
Principle of unit
9. When a DNA molecule
characteristics.
replicates, are the two
 new strands identical to Sometimes, even if only
each other? Why or why two alleles control a trait,
not? there maybe more than
Once the DNA in a cell is two types of alleles
replicated, the cell can available. This will also
divide into two cells, each lead to more than two
of which has an identical phenotypes expressed.
copy of the original DNA. Another blood group
system in humans, the
ABO system, is an
example of a character
governed by multiple
alleles. Three alleles are
responsible for this blood
system: IA, IB, ai. The
ABO blood type is
determined by the
presence or
absence of two antigens,
A and B. Allele i does not
code for an antigen.
G. Finding Practical Let the students read the Let the students read the Let the students answer the Let the students answer
Applications of concept below and article below answer the given problem. the given problem.
Concepts and Skills
in Daily Living perform the given activity. given problem.
Activity 4 Activity 3
Match bases to make Activity 5 Title: Predicting phenotypes Title: Who are my
DNA complementary Title: “The Science of How parents?
strand These Twin Sisters Look Problem: What is the
DNA Replication: DNA So Different” phenotype of an offspring of Problem: Which parents
(ELABORATE) replication is the process black and white chicken? does the baby belong?
of copying a double- Problem: How These Twin
stranded DNA molecule. Sisters Look So Different? Hypothesis: Checkered Hypothesis: Mr. and Mrs.
Both strands serve as chickens Smith are the parents of
the baby.
templates for the Hypothesis: The twin Materials: pen, paper,
reproduction of the sisters look different concept on the box Materials: pen, paper,
opposite strand. In a cell, because of incomplete concept on the box.
DNA replication begins at dominance between the Procedure:
specific places in the father and mother. 1. Complete the Punnett Procedure:
genome, called origins. square for a cross between a 1. Analyze the given
Materials: pen, paper, The black chicken (BB) and a problem.
The purpose of DNA
article white chicken (WW). Give the
replication is to produce
two identical copies of phenotype of the offspring in Suppose a new born baby
a DNA molecule. This is the F1 generation. was accidentally mixed up
Procedure: . in the hospital. In an effort
essential for cell division
during growth or repair of 1. Read the article called to determine the parents
damaged tissues. DNA “The Science of How These of the baby, the blood
replication ensures that Twin Sisters Look So types of the baby and two
each new cell receives its Different” and examine the sets of parents were
own copy of the DNA. photo included in the determined.
Source: article. When the story went
https://www.pathwayz.org viral on social media, Baby 1 has type O.
thousands of people, Phenotype:_______ Mrs. Brown has type B
Nitrogenous Bases including some of your and Mr. Brown has type
Adenine (A) friends, have called this a Ans. AB.
Thymine (T) hoax and have claimed that Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith
Cytosine (C) the photo must have been have type B blood.
Guanine (G) altered.
2. Draw Punnett squares
Activity 5 (offline) The Science of How for each couple (you may
Title: DNA Replication These Twin Sisters Look need to do more than 1
So Different square/ couple)
Phenotype: checkered
Problem: What are the It's not uncommon for siblings Questions
complementary strands to bear no resemblance to 1. Using the Punnett square
of DNA? one another, but at first glance you made, how can you
you may struggle to believe explain to your parents that it
Hypothesis: The that these two beautiful girls,
is possible of the white and Mr. and Mrs. Brown
complementary strands who appear to be polar
of DNA are the pairing of opposites of one another, are black feathered chicken to
nitrogenous bases. not only sisters, but are in fact have a checkered offspring? IB IB
twins. Isn’t genetics This phenomenon is just
fascinating? As you can see, IA IAIB IAIB
Materials: pen, paper normal, it really happens due
and concept in the box Lucy, the girl on the right, has IB IBIB IBIB
to inherited genes from the
fair skin, bright blue eyes and
blonde hair. Maria, on the
parents. Also, it is an evident
Procedure: that both alleles of the IB i
other hand, has much darker
1. Using the given skin, deep brown eyes and parents were expresses I A
IAIB A
Ii
nitrogenous bases, bouncy, black ringlets atop equally showing
create a complementary her head. Understandably, codominance.
strand of the DNA. IB IBIB IBi
they have left a few jaws
A ---- T hanging when they popped
C ---- G out, and people rarely believe
Mr. and Mrs. Smith
1. C-A-T-G-G-C-T-C-C-A- they are twins. So, what’s the
A-T-C-G-A-T-A-C-G science between this pair?
The girls’ mother and father IB IB
Ans. G-T-A-C-C-G-A-G-
are both products of a biracial IB IBIB IBIB
G-T-T-A-G-C-T-A-T-G-C
relationship, themselves
having a black parent and a
IB IBIB IBIB
2. T-A-T-C-C-G-A-T-A-A-
white parent. You’ve probably
C-G-C-C-T-A-C-G-G worked out by now that these
Ans. A-T-A-G-G-C-T-A-T- girls cannot be identical twins. IB i
T-G-C-G-G-A-T-G-C-C Those occur when a single IB IBIB IBi
sperm fertilizes an egg that
subsequently splits into two
i IBi ii
genetically identical, but
separate embryos. Non-
identical, or fraternal, twins,
on the other hand, are usually *Mr. and Mrs. Smith are
the result of the mother the parents of the baby.
releasing two eggs at the
same time, both of which 3. Using the blood type of
become fertilized by two your parents, draw a
different sperms. Rather than Punnett square showing
being genetically identical, the probable blood type of
these share 50% of their DNA their offspring.
like normal siblings do. What
happened with these girls is
that, thanks to the parents
carrying genes for both black
and white skin, Lucy ended up
inheriting the genes for white
skin, whereas Maria inherited
the genes for black skin. Such
dramatic genetics are
unusual, but possible. Most of

the time, children will inherit a

"blend" of their parent features
- as was the case with their
siblings. In the twin’s case,
they each happened to inherit
incredibly different features.
Source:
https://www.iflscience.com/he
alth-and-medicine/interesting-
genetics-these-girls-are-twins/
Fig. 2. Family with an
Amazing Twins

Guide Questions
1. If you are given a chance
to write a social media
response to your friends
and the thousands of
others on social media to
persuade them that this is
possible. What will it be?
Prove it with a complete
Punnett square and a
persuasive written
explanation. Use at least 1
hashtag, 1 acronym,
teenage lingo, and
vocabulary that are all
applicable to the problem.

2. Show your Punnett

square.
BW-black and white skin
B W
B BB BW
W BW WW
3. Do you have similar
twins in your locality?
Ans: Yes/No
4. How will you explain it to
the parents?
Ans: This phenomenon is
 just normal, it really
happens due to inherited
genes of the parents
H. Making Ask the learner the Ask the learners the Ask the learners the following Ask the learners the
Generalizations following questions; following questions: questions: following questions:
and Abstractions
about the Lesson
1. What is DNA? 1. What is incomplete 1. What is co-dominance? 1. What is multiple allele?
DNA is composed of dominance? In co dominance, both alleles Three or more alternative
chains of nucleotides Incomplete dominance is a are expressed equally in the forms of a gene (alleles)
built on a sugar and form of intermediate phenotype of the that can occupy the same
phosphate backbone and inheritance in which one heterozygote. For example, locus. However, only two
wrapped around each allele for a specific trait is red cows crossed with white of the alleles can be
(ELABORATE) other in the form of a not completely expressed cows will have offspring that present in a single
double helix. over its paired allele. This are roan cows. Roan refers to organism. For example,
results in a third phenotype cows with red and white the ABO system of blood
2. What are the in which the expressed blotches. groups is controlled by
components of a DNA physical trait is a three alleles, only two of
molecule? combination of the 2. How can we predict the which are present in an
DNA has three types of phenotypes of both alleles. genotype and phenotype of a individual.
chemical components: particular offspring?
phosphate, a sugar 2. What is phenotype? A Punnett square is a chart 2. Why is it that individual
called deoxyribose, and a The set of observable that allows you to determine have only two of blood
nitrogenous base. characteristics of an the expected percentages of types alleles even if
individual resulting from the different genotypes in the there are multiple alleles
3. What are the different interaction of its genotype offspring of two parents. A within the population?
kinds of nitrogen bases? with the environment Punnett square allows the It’s because individuals
Ans. Adenine, thymine, prediction of the percentages have only two biological
cytosine, guanine 3. What is genotype? of phenotypes in the offspring parents. Half of our genes
The particular combination of a cross from known (alleles) are inherited from
4. Give one difference of alleles for a particular genotypes. mother, & the other half
between a pyrimidine and gene or locus. 3. What is the difference from father, so it ends up
a purine. between co dominance and with two alleles for every
Ans. Purines are larger 4. How can we predict the incomplete dominance? trait in our phenotype.
than pyrimidines because
they have a two-ring genotype and phenotype of Co dominance- occurs when
structure while a particular offspring? both alleles are expressed
pyrimidines only have a A Punnett square is a chart equally in the phenotype of
single ring. that allows you to heterozygote
determine the expected Incomplete dominance-
5. What would the percentages of different occurs when the phenotype
resulting DNA look like if genotypes in the offspring of the offspring is somewhere
two purines bonded of two parents. A Punnett in between the phenotypes of
together? square allows the both parents; completely
Ans: With DNA, a purine prediction of the dominant allele does not
can only bind with a percentages of phenotypes occur.
pyrimidine; you cannot in the offspring of a cross
have two purines and two from known genotypes. 4. Does co-dominance occur
pyrimidines together. in humans?
This is because two 5. Complete the Punnett Indeed “co dominance” is the
purines bonding together square for a cross between specific term for a system in
would take up too much a homozygous red-flowered which an allele from each
space between the two snapdragon (RR) and a homozygote parent combines
DNA strands, which homozygous white- in the offspring, and the
would affect the structure flowered snapdragon (rr). offspring simultaneously
and not allow the strands Give the ratio for the demonstrates both
to be held together phenotype and the phenotypes.
properly. genotype.

6. What determines the

sequence of the nitrogen
bases in a new DNA
strand?
Ans: Within double-
stranded DNA, The
nitrogenous bases on
one strand pair with
complementary bases
along the other strand; in
particular, Adenine
always pairs with
Thymine, and Cytosine
always pairs with
Guanine.

7. Write out the sequence

Ans.
of the new DNA segment
that would form
complement to the
segment GGACTGTTA.
Ans. CCTGACAAT

8. If an incorrect
nucleotide is incorporated
into a new strand of DNA,
will this mistake be
transmitted to the next
generation of DNA
molecules that forms
from this strand?
Ans: If some replication
errors make it past these
mechanisms, thus
becoming permanent
mutations. These altered
nucleotide sequences
can then be passed down
from one cellular
generation to the next,
and if they occur in cells
that give rise to gametes,
they can even be
transmitted to
 subsequent organismal
generations.

9. When a DNA molecule

replicates, are the two
new strands identical to
each other? Why or why
not?
Ans: Once the DNA in a
cell is replicated, the cell
can divide into two cells,
each of which has an
identical copy of the
original DNA.
I. Evaluating Formative Test Formative Test Formative Test Formative Test
Learning
Directions: Read the Directions: Read the Directions: Read the Directions: Read the
following questions. following questions. following questions. Choose following questions.
Choose the letter of the Choose the letter of the the letter of the correct Choose the letter of the
(EVALUATE) correct answer and write correct answer and write it answer and write it on the correct answer and write it
it on the space provided on the space provided for. space provided for. on the space provided for.
for.
For item no. 1 refer to the For item no. 1 refer to the __1. Which blood type
__1. What are the two statement on the box. statement on the box. would not be possible
parts of a nucleotide A snap-dragon color is an A calico cat shows both the for children of a type A
which do not change incomplete dominant trait. traits for orange fur and mother and a type B
throughout the structure A red flower (RR) is black fur father?
of DNA? crossed with white flower __1. What kind of allele A. O.
A. Five-carbon sugar and (rr). expression is this? B. A.
nitrogen base __1. What is the phenotype A. incomplete dominance C. B.
B. Five carbon sugar and of the flowers with B. independent assortment D. AB
phosphate group genotype of Rr? C. co-dominance
C. phosphate group and A. red D. recessive inheritance __2. What are the possible
nitrogen base phenotypes of the
D. All components B.white For item no. 2 refer to the children if the mother’s
remain the same C. red and white statement inside the box. genotype for blood type
throughout the DNA D. pink A roan cow shows co- is IAi and the father is IBi?
structure. dominance in fur color (Use the Punnett square
__2. Which is NOT an (orange and white) to verify your answer.)
__2. Which part of the example of incomplete A. all AB
cell the gene is located? dominance? __2. What is the phenotype B. A, B
A. Chromosome A. A pink flower produced ratio expected if a roan cow C. A, AB
B. nucleus from red and white flowers and a roan steer mate D. A, B, AB, O
C. cell B. A flower that is both red together?
D. cytoplasm and white produced from A. 4: 4 Orange and white __3. If a person had Hh
red and white flowers in the H antigen
B. 2 orange:2 orange and locus and IA i in the
__3. If one strand of DNA C. Curly-haired and white blood group locus
had a sequence of straight-haired individuals
C. 2 orange: 2 white What would be the blood
nitrogen bases that read producing wavy-haired D. 1 orange: 2 orange and group?
A C C T G A, then what offspring
white:1 white A. A
will be its complementary D. A highly spotted dog and
strand sequence based a non-spotted dog B. B
__3. What type of inheritance C. AB
on DNA base pairing? producing puppies with a pattern shows BOTH traits in D. O
A. ACCTGA few spots possible offspring?
B. CTTGAT A. incomplete dominance
C. TGGACT For item no. 3 refer to the __4. If a mother has
B. complete dominance
D. TAACCC statement inside the box. C. co-dominance blood group O and
D. recessive pattern father has blood
__4. Which of the A red flowered plant (RR) group A, the child
following units are breeds with a white For item no. 4 refer to the being type AB
repeatedly joined flowered plant (WW). The statement inside the box. Which of the statement is
together to form a strand gene for petal in these incorrect?
of DNA? plants expresses A. The mother may have I B
A. amino acids incomplete dominance. allele that is passed to
B. fatty acids daughter
C. nucleotides B. The father of the child is
D. polysaccharides __3. What percentage of
the offsring will have pink someone else with AB
__5. Why is the (RW) flowers? Black fur (A) is codominant blood type
sequence of bases in A. 0% with white fur (a) and C. The child has IA allele
DNA important? B. 50% brown eyes (B) are and also IB allele
A. The order of these C. 25% dominant to blue eyes (b) D. This is an abnormal
bases is what determines D. 100% in mice. Two mice are case
DNA's instructions, or heterozygous for both
genetic code. __4. What type of traits. If these mice are __5. Which of the
B. It is easier to replicate inheritace do two alelles crossed, following statements is
double stranded DNA have if their traits blend __4. What color of fur will the true if there are multiple
than single stranded RNA together? offspring with genotype Aa alleles for a gene?
C. sugar molecule A. incomplete dominance express? A. All the alleles same
covalently bonded to a B. mendelian inheritance expressed at the same
heterocyclic base C. co-dominance A. Black or white, depending time
D. sugar molecule D.homozygous inheritace on each individual offspring B. Among the multiple
bonded to phosphate B. Black copies resent only the
group/s and a __5. A plant shows C. Gray most dominant one is
heterocyclic base incomplete dominance in D.Black and white spotted expressed
size. A tall plant (TT) is C. Only two alleles are
crossed with a medium __5. Which of the following is present at a time
plant (TS). What fraction of NOT an example of D. Only one allele is
plants will also be tall? codominance? dominant rest all are
A. 100% A. A child of parents with recessive
B. 50% blood types A and B, who has
C. 75% AB blood type.
D. 25% B. A calf of a red cow and a
white cow, who has a roan
coat consisting of red and
white hairs.
C. A child of a parent with
blue eyes and a parent with
brown eyes, who has brown
eyes.
D. A flower offspring of red
 and white flowers, which has
both red and white petals.
J. Additional Let the students answer Let the students answer the Let the students answer the Let the students answer
activities for the given problem. given problem. given problem. the given problem.
application or
remediation
Activity 6 Activity: Phenotypes and Activity: Codominance 2.0 Activity: Rapper’s blood
Title: Base Pairing 2.0 Genotypes in Incomplete
Dominance 2.0 Problem: Problem:
(EXTEND) Problem: What is the possible offspring What are the possible
What are the rules in Problem: if two patchwork fish are blood types of all the
base pairing? What is the possible crossed? offspring if the father is
phenotype of an offspring homozygous for type B
Hypothesis: having a genotype of RR, rr Hypothesis: and the mother is
A with T: the purine and Rr? 50 % of the offspring will be a homozygous type O?
adenine (A) always pairs patchwork fish.
with. the pyrimidine Hypothesis: Hypothesis:
thymine (T) The phenotype is red, white Materials: All offspring will have type
C with G: the pyrimidine and pink. • Pen and paper O.
cytosine (C) always pairs Procedure: Materials:
with. the purine guanine Materials: Read the given problem:  Pen
(G)  Activity sheets 1. Two patchwork fish are  Paper
 pen crossed. What is the
Materials: probability that they will have Procedure:
 Pen Procedure: patchwork fish?
 Paper 1. Read the problem on the 50% 1. Read the problem on
box and answer the given the box and answer the
Procedure questions. 2. Show the Punnett Square. given questions.
1. Use the base pairing
rules to figure out the In snapdragons, flower B B Pretend that Drake is
sequence of the new color is controlled by homozygous for the type B
B BB Bb
strand of DNA for the incomplete dominance. The allele, and Nicki Minaj is
original strands below. two alleles are red (R) and type “O.”
white (r). The heterozygous b Bb Bb
1. genotype is expressed as Questions
 AACGTACGATCGATGC pink. 1. What are all the
ACATGCATGGCTACGC possible blood types of
TTGCATGCTAGCTACG Guide questions their baby?
TGTACGTACCGATGCG a. What is the phenotype of All are type B
2. a plant with the genotype
CCCGGGTATGCATGTA RR? 2. Show the Punnet
CGTACGTCGTATATCG Ans: Red Square
GGGCCCATACGTACAT
GCATGCAGCATATAGC b. What is the phenotype of IB IB
3. a plant with the genotype
CGCGATCGAGCGATC Rr? i IBi IBi
GACGAATGCCTAGTTT Ans: Pink
GCGCTAGCTCGCTAG i IBi IBi
CTGCTTACGGATCAAA c. What is the phenotype of
4. a plant with the genotype
TTAAACGAGCTGCTAG rr?
CTATTTTTAAAACCCCG Ans: white
AATTTGCTCGACGATC
GATAAAAATTTTGGGG
C
5.
CCGCTTTCGCTATTATA
AAAAGGGCTATAACTA
GGCGAAAGCGATAATA
TTTTTCCCGATATTGAT
IV. REMARKS
V. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners
who earned 80% in
the evaluation.
B. No. of learners
who require
additional activities
for remediation.
C. Did the remedial
lessons work? No. of
learners who have
caught up with the
lesson.
D. No. of learners
who continue to
require remediation.
E. Which of my
teaching strategies
work well? Why did
these work?
F. What difficulties did
I encounter which my
principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovations
or localized materials
did I use/ discover
which I wish to share
with other teachers?
Prepared by:
ESMERALDA D. GAMIL
Science Teacher

Checked: