Page 1 of 8

CA - S&T - 230726

Defence MOD --

Indigenisation Departmentof Departmentof

Production
Department
of
Research
Defence Defence Defence
and Development

Defence Policy, PSUs

OFB, Central DRDO
like HAL etc.
Capital acquisition
etc 141 ordinance
-
factories)
-I

52 labs 25,000 technical

staff
5000"scientists

DATA:

65

60
25% Capital acquisition
50
80% 20%
Private
DPSU

18-19 20-21 22-23

->
75% Revenue
Size: $10Bn
Defence Budget(Bn()

Defence exports
1.5 Bn

Bu

0.5 Bu

0.2 Bu

16-17 17-18 19-20 21-22

Phases -

Indig enous Licensed

Production
Technical
f
IDDM

Manufacturing Developmen
· IGNDP ·
Atmanirbhar

Bharat
·
SRRC 1992

·
Co-Devt., · Make in India
Co-produ
 Page 2 of 8

Integrity I sovereigntyof
W

nation
-
Fiscal Deficit
- Atmanirbhar Bharat

-
Make India top
global
power

GOVERNMENT
-

Frequent ceasefire violation

-
cross border attacks (Uri, Pulwama)
N
-

Two-front that (China-Pak)

NATT
_ONAL
SCIENCE T
I SECURITY
& TECH. /

T
Driver
of frontier tech
-

-
Tech spin-off NEED/
-

Brain drain SIGNIFICANCE

Export: lucrative
global defence
-

market

In Domestic:
meeting demand
-

ARMED -

FORCES ECONOMY
Employment
-

60% foreign SME, MSMEs,

Ancillary Industries
-

weapons
-

readiness
-

Operational
serviceability rates
-
 Page 3 of 8

i Order size ->

Economy-> High wit
of scale
2) Monopsony
I High quality equipment
3) Monopoly-resultof order size

monopsony
u) Defence Tech. - controls
export
Low cost short-time frame
of
economy of high-tech weapons

Acquisition trilemma
Defence

d
X
economics I

DPSU-

cost overrun,
inefficiency,

O
~

Technology -
- CHALLENGES technology absorption

frontier tech, RID, I

Metallingy, Human resources,

raw material
X
Private participation -

X
capital intensive, tich, intensive,
-

Policyformulation high
investment
-

risk on

lack
-

of consistency
(DPP
changed I times since 2001)
-

long term
perspective technological
I acquisition plans

Assessment; -
no
objective criteria

Production: -21 production-dispersed

century
 Page 4 of 8

Phirendra
-

Diplomacy
-

Singh, 2016
Kulkan, 2004
export target Vijay
-
-

ExportPolicy. DPEPP, 2020 -

APJ Abdul Kalam Committee, 1992

Commill ee -

export X
Promotion
&

T
Policy -
DPP Amendment(Dhirendan
-
Commille
Singh
SOLUTIONS -
DAC:fast track route

R&D Y -

Defence Bureaucracy

DRDO-focus exclusively
-

on research
National & RID
-

Defence
council
-

-
Innovation: idEX-innovation Private Sector
aerospace I
in
defence -

DPSUs-outsourcing &
vendor

involving MSME
developmentguidelines
for

"g
Finance:25%. RID
budget
-

led R&D.
-
Vendor development -

Import
industry
Manufacture - hul field,
playingcustom
substitutio

Ecosystem
-

uniform duty
offset
-

-
MSME
corridors
-

Defence
-

corporatization of
OF B
 Page 5 of 8

# SPACE EXPLORATION

Philosophical: Origin, rootcause,

purpose, our place in universe

Origin: Space, time, matter,

big bang theory, Gravity, atmosphere etc.,
origin oflife
-

fruze dried food,

Technology heatresistanttile-cramic wookware,
coated
spin-offe:
-

satellite communication, porrable computers, nutrition formula

energy: harnessing
-
Renewable solar power

Satellite: Communication,
imaging,
resource
mapping, Pace stations
-

Medicine: Tele-medicine Pr
remote ultrasound, robotic
surgery,
-

I olia
(dug)-oesteoporous
National
Security: prevent armingofspace, protectspace-based
-

e.g. USSpace
assets
fore

Economic:
Mining minerals
eg. Helium-3 from Private
travel,
-

space moon; commercial

space
I

International collaboration: scale

of challenge requires collaborative
efforts e.g. ISS, JWST
-

space colonization: population, environment, research

#LUNAR EXPLORATION

origin: Theory of formation

Moon's
of moon.

solar
Evolution
of system
evolution
Theory of
-

of life
colonization: permanentlunar base, test
space technologies; space flights,
1

life support systems, advanced materials, radiation

impact
·

#SOLAR EXPLORATION

Lifecycle of stars
-

· -
Solar atmosphere
 Page 6 of 8

GAGAN YAAN

CONTEXT

Initial for ISRO+ Indian

Navy
trials crew module
recovery of the the
mission-by
MANNED SPACE MISSION

Features.
Payload 4) Environmentcontrol & Life Support System (Ecess)

2) Launch Vehicle
I Indian Data Satellite
System (IDRSS)
Relay
3) Escape
Crew
System
GOAL 1 To demonstrate India's
technological prowess
2) To advance
space exploration capabilities

3) To foster international collaboration in the

field of space research

Crew Selection Launch

Vehicle Re-entry
1 Training I
MISSION PHASES Recovery

Orbital
Development
Mission
of Spacecraft

CHALLENGES

I
Technological
-

reliability of GSMall-around 98%

- Environmental control & Life SupportSystem (ECCSS) -

2) Infrastructural-astronauttraining-untrifuges to
experience g-forces and
aircraft

Involved
Risk
3) -

Re-entry and
recovery,
Threatfrom space debris

4) Health concerns -

Physical health
-
issues due to
microgravity
- Mental health issues due to isolation

-
Radiation
damage-over 10 times more
 Page 7 of 8

CHANDRAYAAN-3
·

ChaSTE: thermal properties of lunar

regolith
RAMBHA:
near-surface plasma density
P loads
ay (Instrumentfor Lunar Seismic
ICSA
Activity): seismicity
SHAPE HAbitable PlanetEarth):
(Spectro-polarimetry of
lunar orbit
study Earth from

CHANDRAYAAN-1 (2008) CHANDRAYAAN-2 (2019)

-
Is moon mission -
PSLV-(II
-
GSLU MKII

Findings:
-

Objective
-
demonstrate ability to soft land

a) Detected
water
in
vapor form

b) confirmed the Ocean

Magma Hypothesis

CHAND RAYAAN-3(2023) CHANDRAYAAN 3 Uls 2

Objectives: instead
of
success-based
design
failure based
design
-

a) Softlanding Landing
area-widened to 4km x 2.4 km area

&

b) demonstrating rover's Strengthened legs-land and stabilise even at a

speed of 100km/hr

loitering capabilities More fuel

c) In-situ observation Solar Panel -

four sides
and instruments
More instruments - additional
navigational guidance

2008 Ch1-ice molecule in crates

Eg. deep
-

I
&

I unexplored
region -

2)
Insightsinto early

I
I T
Ihistory of Solar
System
extreme cold temperatives
~

WHY SOUTH POLE?

polar regions of
in the

moon
preserves object
eY

3) Presence of water

minimal axial tilt

-
Moon's
of
1.5
degree
-

Permanently shadowed Regions

 Page 8 of 8
space

Private Players Stakeholders

I
ISRO ->RID

Antages/Ncech
e
Putinclus. -> Business

Stech
-> in
·
Govt. ->emp, Revenue
2)/ To T
-> RAD, consumers -> services, $

-
0
101 -
supply HRM. -
Training etc.

driven Zo Industry Business

efficiency
Strategic
-> Defence
process
Demanch Demand

driven model
space
Comm

Challenges
space
> Regulation:Outer Space Treaty
↳

7
1967
/

Earth
Policy:clarity, comprehensive
Indian Space Activities Bill, 2017.

Strategic:dual ussant,ingatey
E
,

xt.
Players: Seck
HRN

Debris Impact space assets

Satellites
Causes Satellite -> end
of
life
Humans

space accidents space

space Unusable orbits
&
kessler syndrome
Rocket
launches
Earth
$
and Anti-satellite
space
-

tests economy

Solutions

New
End of life operational
satellites Satellites Technology
Lower orbit orbit space
Higher Debris
Is
↓ Situational avoidance
Laser said Harpoon
up: Graveyard I REMOVE DEBRIS]
down?
· Slow awareness manoeuvres

crats to owbit LNETRA]

earth.