Ethiopian Technical Universit

Group Assignment

Power System

Name. ID

@ Kasim Abdo 459

@ Kokobe kebede 427

@ Daniel Hailu 415

Date 19 - 11 - 2023
ACSR (ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED )
Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) is concentrically stranded conductor with one or more
layers of hard drawn 1350-H19 aluminium wire on galvanized steel wire core. The core can be single
wire or stranded depending on the size. Steel core wire is available in Class A , B or Class C galvanization
for corrosion protection. Additional corrosion protection is available through the application of grease to
the core or infusion of the completed conductor with grease.

The proportion of steel and aluminium in an ACSR conductor can be selected based on the mechanical
strength and current carrying capacity demanded by each application.

ACSR conductors are recognized for their record of economy, dependability and favourable strength /
weight ratio. ACSR conductors combine the light weight and good conductivity of aluminium with the
high tensile strength and ruggedness of steel. In line design, this can provide higher tensions, less sag,
and longer span lengths than obtainable with most other types of overhead conductors.

Midal manufacture and supply ACSR on Non-Returnable wooden/steel reels or Returnable steel reels
depending on customer requirement.

Features
o high Tensile strength
o better sag properties
o economic design
o best suited for transmission lines with long spans

Specifications
ACSR manufactured by Midal meets or exceeds the requirements of all international standards like
ASTM, AS, BS, CSA, DIN, IEC, NFC, SS -etc
What is Shackle Insulator
Definition:

An insulator that is used in distribution networks that works with low voltage is known as a shackle
insulator. This insulator is also known as a spool insulator. These insulators can be worked in two
positions like horizontal otherwise vertical. At present, the usage of this insulator has decreased because
of the underground cable used in distribution purposes.

The insulator’s tapered hole distributes the load more consistently & also reduces the possibility of
fracture once loaded heavily. The shackle insulator includes a conductor within the groove and it is fixed
by using a soft binding wire.

Shackle Insulator Construction

The shape of the shackle insulator is round and it has a hole in the middle for bolting. A 25mm wide
galvanized plate is available at both sides of the insulator. The other side of the plates is arranged in the
region of the pole. The conductor is fixed within the channel and that is secured by using soft binding
wires. These insulators are effective compare with strain insulators when the distribution line alters its
angle.

There shackle insulators are available in three different sizes like (50 mm x 65 mm), (75 mm x 90 mm) &
(100 mm x 115 mm). Generally, the 75 mm x 90 mm & 100 mm x 115 mm sizes of insulators are
applicable in main lines, whereas the 50 mm x 65 mm size insulator is used in house to provide low
voltage connection.

Shackle Insulator Working

The surface of this insulator must be covered so that water cannot flow through it. The raw material
used in this insulator is porcelain and it is aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5). This material is combined with
feldspar, plastic kaolin & quartz to get final porcelain insulator material.

Applications of Shackle Type Insulators

The applications of this insulator include the following.

 It is used in a distribution system by arranging in between tower & conductors to support &
insulate.
 These insulators are used in overhead lines with low & medium voltage.
 This insulator is used with a bolt by placing on the pole otherwise telegraph to avoid outflow
current from conductorsIt can be used in both positions like horizontal & vertical position.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Shackle Insulator
The advantages and disadvantages are

 These are extremely dependable for conductors

 These are designed to meet up the demands of electricity.
 These are used in vertical as well as horizontal positions.
 Porcelain Insulators bears a high amount of current and temperature
 The finest solution for maintaining protection in different electrical appliances
 These are applicable for low voltage distribution networks only

Straflo Turbine:
The Straflo turbine is a type of reaction turbine that is used in low to medium-head applications,
typically ranging from 3 to 50 meters. It has a unique design with fixed guide vanes that direct
water onto the moving blades of the turbine, causing it to rotate. Straflo turbines are known for
their high efficiency and ability to handle high flow rates, making them suitable for run-of-river
and small-scale hydroelectric power plants.
In addition to these types of hydro turbines, there are other less common types such as the
Gorlov helical turbine, Michell-Banki turbine, and Tubular turbine, among others. Each type of
hydro turbine has its own advantages and limitations, and the selection of the appropriate type
depends on factors such as the available head and flow rate of the water, the size of the
hydroelectric power plant, and other specific project requirements.