Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grade 11 Advance
Grade 11 Advance
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PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
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1
~
U 10 = 2x(l.04) 9 = 2.846624 rul28ln
1. ""
~l':1'i:f12~ntsH1Sl'i:f1Ln ""' 3, 12, 48. 192, ... '1
l
""' 9
n. !':1M ms:;g
w
tn rnlrimlirhru'lnn2mfdm~
Clu
m~tf12li5n'iQlRG2
[_; lJ
2 100 ooo ~:D rnt94 tn...., tsi
tmfi\im,~~tl '1
n. Rn.n ~G 2wl,;
S'iQlAhlm tsi nrrh:stlmS'tlli5c:Jl2ti 2Ml~titl
I !COW WCOU
stl Rn.n ~G 2wl,;
2'iQlR hlali
l
3.
tl':1'i:f12 ~nm M'i:fl'[jl ul ,U2 ,U3 ,U4 .Us ,U6 '1 VI sh u6 t'lllim~~tl
1
=
C:O QJ ? t:» Cl1 I
tH~ru ffi'tl~li'tl~~g n t2~nmM'i:f1Ln : UN = ul X q"
I
( 1)
xq 5 (2)
(3)
1.8
PROEUS DARA
dj U1 ,U2 ,U3 ,... , UP ,... ,UII-r>+l ,... , U" 2 ,U11-1 , Un dH~fiuHUl't:fllfi <J
t
I, u"
~ 0 ~ ~ C),)
'li1322nm
1.1 C!
a, b sb c ctltunuHl.Sl't:flUn
/)
1
hl131Hli
u
~
a
= ~=
b
q 'i5 a
"'-
X c = b
2
'i5 ( b =
"'-
~- t'iJTl m
13UJ13tiHUl't:fllfi&2 a Sb c) <J
tit3~sfiw a, b sb c c:h~fiuHUl't:fllfib218 b =a
2
X c '1
t
.,
mf.lil't:flUl ?
2. ~n13uJ13uHUl't:fllfit2'rlat3~s 4 sb 9 <J
1Q
PROEUS DARA
S = I + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 (l)
?H1JlHtliJtlrhts
1 A
(1) '2tlt:Hl.Hu'~mi:HM
U II ~
2 t?'i[f!S
2S = 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 (2)
s = 128- 1 = 127
t?'iHltHi{hm0'05tl~9ltmrull
L.; ~
RnniAm'eSf.ibli'On
U 61 U
n n~'OtltSMnuHl1i'i:fl'in
II U /J l.j
1 1
u n n~titltSMnuHtfl'i:fl'int1:lrn'i:flsn'913ru
d5t?'irun s" ctltHlitin wu /) l.j ww U1 ~tldrumlti
u
I
q S II = U lq + U lq zu3
+ lq + ••• + u"
lq (2)
2. ?'iM2ldrutinntSMnmn1imH'i
u IJ /) l.j
2+6+18+ ... +1458 '1
1
20
PROEUS DARA
U1 = 5 or;mcrJm'\:3
w
q = 2 '1 ffi'\:3aJ'
u
i:3S11 s, = _..;;.___
q-I
7
m"" n = 7 t?lQlS S1 =
5(? -1)
-
2 1
= 5(128-l) = 635 '1
t!hLnijlu1f~9lb 64 ttiitmmJm:!lril:fls~un!;vl ~
1
tiS
w u ~ suntJLw1 t!b Ln ijlti ~m fg s bu ~ sLmtJuu 1Ln ltll~ s f!1 n.ns b 2 "~
u 1 u
mrul'i:fllf 1, 2,
""
4, 8, ... ~
I v,_,
2, 2, 2, 2 ,... , twill'i:f12 U 1 =
0 2 3
l2wl.ilillWJtiJ1:3
""l<>.-1 lJ
q =2 '1
t 0 I eJ
Lhl~LtJm.!fltJ~tiJ~a5Mn1;1dlLtJt'Ul rn 5 x I0 6 t '1
U I I
PROEUS DARA
"' ...
1JS~~i
n. n9
IJ
7
ffl~'it:nRtu'i:flM
lj
w% nh'Srum
~IJ~
'1 raEnm~gm6'iHUmffla'iLflR'Sru~2'Sh
u lj IJ ..
'1 'iQIRtua
lj 1
'l5
!
~f:lrutruln B ggrumstsicrhm9
1J 1
5 ~
~
2 3 60
A= 100 x (1 + o.1o) + 100 x (1 + o.1o) + wo(1 + · ) + .. + 100(1 +
12 12 12 . 12
0 10 0
.1°) '1
l"irulSl A '1
4. tfhru'Stl.Jt1iflill~'l5b(fl2'i'l5~~bG
1J u lj ~
18cm Sbt1iflillch'l52'l52ltJ
.. .,:;
u
'Snt9Qnttll tl5'Sh"]'i:fl2'i'l5~~bG
bl l.J et
0.95cm t2'i'li~"abG'i:32
L.J c:t1
'1
u u
0 I t:) I t::l)
n. nruln'i'li&~hG'liEn'limMrums
lj ~ .,:;
10 f:lb '1
u
22
PROEUS DARA
0 '
~mru
~
t:H1§ru 6+2+-+-+2 2 ... mdrutinG'ltstunBHl.flffi~n»ssG'ltL::iru'tfls
" "" "" " U1 = 6, q =-I '1
"" 3 9 u u ~ l_j 6"11-J 3
ffil:Hti'tlS S, = ~ tfi(flS S, = - - = 9 '1
6
u Gl Iq I~
3
tuHtuanss9tu.filfi2li 4.57 mnsstuS9ls~f:lruffiS9~'tl~
0 ' <>
rutmnf!Uu z 1-J u 1-J lJ
ab_ '1
0 • 0
rutmnf!'ia 3
tZ
h-I u 11u C1 ~ n
1 > JbJ m ~!1 = S !:!SSH!HLRlf1.H!HH\HH1illiJ.
""' ""' ""'
Ih C1 ~ 1111 n
I -.cb ill};!J (I b)tn = "s !:!~LR!J'tH.O!:!~SttlR.~Y u 1WillP -
II I
C1 fl n11u n
hx 1!1 = "n ' hx"n = l+"n Y~LRU1H.OYPJS:J 1 -R~B!:!Sf!.~U -
[-U ~ ~ ~ t:--tJ
l
C1 (l 11 11 11 11
h Y~LR!J1.H.OY~Em 4millPLP!.JSl.:Jgs:~ h HllSS¥ h o. . h ill};!J h H1:JSS¥tl~
I I
l :> I 11 ,.._ 11 C"J 11 11 11 I? C"J I?
lJU!:mLSn.sEYtlSPJ:J ( r BYU'LW) LrnESYill};!lYussoYrut.PiiY1LRlJUWYru
' «::)(t:J tt:::l
- ~ ~r- "=' ~ ~ 0 lb ~ b
Z u up ~ 11 n
J., u X en+ 1!1) = s SUS!:!~ SlY u k!R.illP -
I
11 up fl n11u n
px(I u)+ 1[1 = [1 SUSYPJSl!£l6YSf1nt-
11
""' 11"' 11
11 1
h ( !1 +U!l = P f!.tt{PJillPLP!J.fl.l) rnf!. P HllSSO
0
I I
n ::- 1 11 ,.._ 11 C1 11 11 11 fl up I?
k!R.R.LSR.Sf!.Yt{SPJ:J ( I 6!:!U 1 LH:J) LrnES!:!SLRill};!lYUSSOSl!:!PJl,pii SUSYPJ
I d:::J~ lfO {10~ ~ (';) ~ 0 ~ «:::J q::, «:::1
I
I M f/'
h <II !£:1 N1 U US -
0 (:) lt:::lo 0
~·
YlJU !Jill };!H~ill :J J'JS Eli S Hl,pii!:!
4:t ~
S OS:!c.. YPJ
h t{SillSLP.,f~l
""o "
fU };!!:! lr!.t dlYt.ru:J ~ill !J tl~ ~l.Bn.grufe;J tl ~JmLS lflj 11 h t{UnYw ill !::!Jff;J tl~J msl ~ S!.O
wlk!f18h¥illtl~~tltl>mwill};!Jillu:~fUu ~-. E~:~fe;Jtl~Jmsl T sLOwlk!Etl})lY~rn!.f1l
:J M.P, 1J !10 I
woz:r tl ~J m~illfY n.t tl~:J k! tl~t.BHU 1 e;J t{Orn u:;!:J SLru wl !J Yt.ru:J S!.Of!LRPJ m ·11
----,~--.,------.,-n h ~ tjof11 B SLRill j:l l
u • "
M 11 M
SLBSPJSSOt,p ~£Z'O Q.f;&iU:fPJ6SSO~PJHPJ ·g
"' 0 - 0
h "'+6+Z:I+9!
l
nu C1 fl' n s, ~
!:!SSHY1LRlJUWYPJk!R.illiJ.l.SlJU&i 'k! til~~~~
«:: tt:P ~ 'W
h UlPOZ!
"" n 1 "" :1 n
t{Sru:Jn.rnJ ~ill mill!::! t{R.};!illLrn :Jill t:n u illLO:JillLrn jill s:Jmru tlS 1itl ~w1 g SW!::!
<S:::Iot'::::J I 1 0 ~ Jl 0 ~ (:J
8'0- I h- l M l5 ~ u I'!
OZ:! = ---pz = lj} = "S YSSHY£Jl:lf1R.Ef!.ill
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
0 ,
2. ""'
tl=l'l:fl2~6lmM'i:llL&l ""' 2, 6, 18. 54, ... '1
1
2. t~8aa
IJ
39366 m61'9thnatahl61
IJ I""
?
~
1
0 l:J ~ li::\1
l=l. l=lrul2lt:H1J'Un
u
15 61tl'Ui:H2hl6lmrul'i:ll'in
1.1 u ~ l.j
'1
1
5 5
n. 1 , 2, 4, 8, ... , 8192 2. 20, 10, 5, 2' ... , 256
n. ljn = 7 X ( 3 )"- 1
2.
2. u3 = 20 '
u6 = 1280 '1 l=lrul2l q sh ui '1
. 128
l=l. 9 - 6 + 4 - ... - 244 +
9. drutJnrlan~lihtahlntHnli'i:llinthlsh
u u u l.j ""
9 shdrutJnt2hlnmnJi'i:ll'iri~22nthlsh 25 '1
o!) u l.j nu "" o!)
1 I
n. o ·7 2. 2. 34 l=l. 0 · 452
25
PROEUS DARA
1. 619
1.!
5 t2hl61::HHHhl
~ ~ 61 ...
14 Stl619
1.!
12 ~hl... 35 '1 l:Hl.ll2ldbl.HdtlH3
1.!
619
1.!
I Stl619
1.!
n '1
1
2. dblitinhl
u
n 61~titlt2hlfi'i:H15RM~n:ht15
1.! u ~ 1.!
S, = n 2 +n '1 l:lrul216195
1.!
t2hl61
/)
Stltiirlm
111 ~
1 I
rfl61t2hl61!:28thhl612b12
1.! /) /) /) 61
'1
1 1
5. tl:l§mscr22thM61uH11l'HlU61
u 1.! 1.! /)
'1 1:1M21619~h
1.!
sb9tH2h'f61r;tibl:ltlbm6191:3ruth'tsb
/) 1.! 1.! ...
6
1 l
r;mru619i52~h'fstl
1.! 1.! ...
162 '1
6. r:1:19md81:3t1561~1:3
""".::;U 6V
3oooo i'::lbl.m
lGV
'1 Hn9mu61~i5~UmRth
ct......_,
6 ~ru-nRmru ti'::lrum~nm2m
n
u
~nuH11l'HlL61'Hl2d rutuJti~m~ ; 0 '1 fio.n ~unRti'::l ruUJ~ti~ ml:J~ run Rmrus~ru'J '1
1 lJ
7. J:l:l'Hl2hl612b12
/) IJ61
(U,J Stl ( Rrul~ti'::llt15 Uo = 3 stldrufdtl~l:Jbhl
1.! ...
3 Stl Vo = 3
1
stln blihltlal:Jthl
1.! ...
2 '1
0 C\ cf \;)
u, v,
I
""'
2. [;l:l'Hl2~61 (W,) nrul61!:i'::llt15 W,
0 '
= uy" '1
l "
a.
b. l '1
1:1ru121 U 10 2tldrui5n
u
10 61i'::li5br:2M61
1.! u /)
'1
l
"t2ru1:3m~
""' (E) '1
n. 91mJndru~uom1:3~2hlfilt28
1.!
~
'1 ~
1
26
PROEUS DARA
H9~13 2 n:tu u1nru M~ ma 2h1 M~ ma HG Mj nnci tMJ ru ttl rur:ll13 r;Gjlmru n5~ 2 MlJlli
u
~ t:» .:::. t:» c::. ~ Q.l t:» t t:» c::. ct
Mnnnumn 'ifil'U M13fil:i sb~ M13rumnrrnm:in <J 'USl'Ubl99rumsumnHSj:]13S
'6' ~ " lJ "' IJ ~ " 1
s
ttl ru91 fi gb b fil:iLLilR Rmfi ~H{!J 1cg Mm ttl blifl rut5n9 MJS1Llil nng H~ al ~ Rmfi s
L'Ur:ll bl rua ~sb MlJltll: tll glnnrut:h run 9'U rw [dJb t9Jn ttl ru~'UL'U!jlg Qhtl 'Lffm
1
27
PROEUS DARA
n
a· a· a ... · a = a
~
nnffi
ttlru nEN "
n ttllitn2iHi5~!'ltf:lru n dlcrasm~1t:ll:flS
u" IJ cs-
a ttllitn nnrut2MtiHHUl
{) I
fl. 27 = 3 X 3 X 3 = 33 2. 243 = 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 = 35
ct
~ VlffU M 3 tH1.Jl2l
n. G) = G) G)
3 x x ( ~) = 81 2. 5 = 5
3
X 5 X 5 = 125
R. m x m x m x ... x m = m 20 lli. a x a x a x a x a = a5
'--~
20 nm
"
2 3 5 2 3 2 3
bHOI<>.
'"""'"'
0
3 3-
X.- 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X3,-- .3 ,• 3 X 3 - -
- 3 + - -
- 35
28
PROEUS DARA
2 3 2+3 5
, a xa =a =a
.
9. etH1H!Hlil
"'
t fH154 tlH'l'I M
..
4 I
2)3 2X3 6
(a =a =a
2
(3 X 5) = (3 X 5 ) X ( 3 X 5) = 15 X ]5 = 225
2
(3 X 5) = 3 2 X 5 2 = 9 X 25 = 225
r:ruhhlr:hnr:illmm
n ""'-'
(3 x 5) = 3 2 x 5 2 = 225
2
xb" I
11
tt191Q)Q121 (ab)" = a
? 2 ? 4 4 4
(5 X 7t = 5 X T = 25 X 49 = 1225 (xxy) =xy
( 2~)
4
= 3x3x3x3 = 81
2x2x2x2 16
(~)
4
~
4
r:ruhftlr:hmillmm
n ""'-' 2
= l24 =
16
PROEUS DARA
h. tj rnttHita e6wt:tnnunruf:ltHn
IJ 1 U OS
4 4
ti:lffiS 3 = 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 = 32 • ~ = 34 2 = 32
3X3 ' 32
4
trutHottlrmlimm
n
~2 ~
= 34 - 2 = 32
3
t~01mmsl a• = a•-• I·
~
a
n (a•O)
ruunttna ML~rn n. 3
(-2) (-2)
7
3 5 2 4
Ill. (;:)' • h. 7' u. (5x y z)
~
u.
(5 X 3 y 5 Z2)4 = 625 X 12 y 20 Z8
II
2.
X
9 1)
!:l. 4 2 + ( 2
4
·~~ m n2
3 4) 2
LU.
(m
30
PROEUS DARA
r:J
n. N~ f1HHUH\HH
1 u u
3
5 5 X 5X5
tf:l'i:fl@- = - - -
53 5 X 5X5
tf:lnHb ~
3
""
01 tmmm
5- = 50 =
n "-" 3
5
4 4
tf:l'i:fl@ ~ = ax ax ax a = a 4-4 o
, 4 =a =a
a4 axaxaxa a
Gf = 1 3° + (-3 )
0
= 1+ 1 = 2
"' r:J
2. O'i'i:fl N UHu UHHlJl
li ~ 1
3 3
,...
tf;l'i:fl;::,
5-5 = 5 X 55 XX 55 XX 55 X 5 -- -- 5_ = 5 3 5 = 5-2
5 5X5 52 ' 55
(a"' 0)
0 • 0
ruunfltnu f:lrul@l li. -40 2. (-4)0
5 -I ( -1 -3)-1
f:l. X +X ill. X y
31
PROEUS DARA
0
2. (-4) = 1
R. X
5
+ X
-1
= X
5
X X
l
= X
6
lli.(£1y-3fl = = xy3
X
3
= -..:..-
1
2 9
3
= -X 9
2 - (a4)2
I
--g
a
111
2 2m m-3
d. - = - = 2
8 23
u. ( 6 )-1
12m-3
-3 4 -1 -1
m +n
d. x4 ~3 J:ill. -1 -l
xy m -n
2.1 'i"if\19
~
n f't~ru n dlU~HHUhiatHNN
M U
32
PROEUS DARA
3
nhnHUi x = 2 &f:1Lil2 2 = 8 r:1:1m 2 r:iltHdf:1'Ut2 8
..I "' u
J..o. ""
nwnHl..fl
..1
X= -2 tf:1Lil2 (-2)"3 = -8 "'
"
tf:1m -2 r:il'UM1:1'Ut2
u
-8
X=~
X= Va
t:'
2 fl7 f.JJ Ul/1 1
w = vs = 2 ; V(-2)
3
= ~ = -2
n. 'Utumt~ts 9
0 • 0
rutnHi?Uu
"' 25
tn~ru n. tu x r:ilytumt~ts ;
5
tSlg i = ;5
tf:1Lfl@ X = ffs = 3 ; X =- ffs = -3
2. V-125 = V(-5) 3 = -5 ; -~ = -V(-1) 3 = -(-1) = 1
33
PROEUS DARA
-n. ~-32
_/1 ~- Ji-6x+9
3
ill. V-64x /
tf:ltUtt\~HIDm\tl
n ..,._,
3j27 X
3j12s = 3,)27 X 125 = 15
i:!tH
u
sg r;Ja. nJb = 'Vab
J2·JS = g::s = Jl6 = R =4
34
PROEUS DARA
X = Va tf:1Ql2 a= x
n
' y = nJb tf:1Ql2 b = l
s12J ~ - :: ~ ~ = (~f ~ ~ = I~
~m2z ~ = ~ , b.-o
JS= @=J4=J2i=2
J2 ~2
2.4 N~ &N~ 'h2 ffl rum NllHi nn N a91 a ~ 1
t~~1n;ti
e.J t_:;
n~2nnb
ct
m~ t\1nnMruf:1
\:1'' tJ 1
ru1 tf:ltittin fitit2~
"' u
2:1 hltJ rur:11 ru1 tu2 912
1
I I
r: r: "'~o.
,ya·,ya 2w a2 ·a 2 ~
ffi~llinrul.t2tut15f:lrul
." "' ( am xa n =am+n)
B tJ 1
I I I I
2
tf:1Ql2 a ·a 2 = a
2 2
+ = a1 =a ~jlbt9Jn Ja·Ja = ~ = J:? =a
I I l
2 2 2
tf:ltutbmllimm a . a =
n "'
Ja. Ja =a 'i:f12St15tfl Ja RrulrituHtuHt:llru a 'i
l I l
I I
6,Jx = } 27
3
= V27 = w= 3
d .. <::» •
2.5 t:Hl.fl
I
Nacl N'l
U
an2 mru
2 f11'if)t n.n"'
PROEUS DARA
Wa = X tf:\Q12 Va = X
ffitJ 11
=;,
11
a = (x )k = x"k
tJmsg Wa = n'5..[a
IJ
ct .. 0 •
2.6 MUH1Hi.1~NJfiU1~ffHli
U 2 I I
4 2
aV1VUM 1/25 = W = 5 = 5 = J5 ifJI7 = 6J27 = (33)6 = J3
~ll~W~~fi
~ ~
litnmm
tJl""'
n~ = nJ;ft ?
tJmsg
IJ
n~ = nj;{z
6 I I I I
aV1tntnn ~w + J7 = 1 12 2
+1 = 1 +1
2 2
= 2(7) 2
= 2J?
t,:;;k
b. nkva····· n
= ';.fa"""
rm
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______j
-----
0 • 0
rutmrH-u1.1 f:lrul S1
36
PROEUS DARA
=- v -2-a
32 3
-2 2 -b 2
= 2aif%2
w. 3V25 . 2VS = 6V25 . 5 = 6W = 6. 5 = 3o
it Jfu
3 =3,)27 3
--=-=-
Vill
w
w 5
u. f,=J2s=1_
j} lxl
3 3 2
J16a J16a J16a ·a 4ia1Ja
ti. =
Jb4=Jb4= Jb4 b2
5 2
r:l. V21x = Vnx\ 3xW
3,}73/ 7y
3,}343/
.,.
"'
1.,e~e~ ~Hl.fl2l
tl. ViT8 u.
14Jl28ab
tl:. r:l . 3Jl715
5
Vi 2/i
d e:. .. .. c:>
3. H~~~5aHe~~~e~~jre
, cr e» o~
21t1 &~1h 2 g ffiu§n~ms nn213 a1.1 smmr:la tanH 2 nsi g M~ ~112lt~"e~ m"e9 21 fig ab
tJ ~ l_j c;t i:l' 1
""' .,
~~mn.n'HlL~
I
*
~g
1.1
1 : a 0 = I tHli&tflm"e
u 1.1 r = 30 %= 0.30
C» 0 '\;) r.:f
m a 1 r:llu~SDJr:llr:lata 1 9M~~JHLmru
y
""
-b'Ux=3
~~&28 2tl
t;l ""
tsi 3 9!U'SriJHlfilti51Hi
'i:fl213Jdld2 2.19 n.n2mR '1
""
- ttJ X = -3
-3 -1 0 1 3 5 X
3
tm:; f(-3) = (1.3f = 0.45 m22ru
t~Hntl'iflltJt2~2R'i:3s
G 1
t~'i:3isa:mm1t~
e.JGV a
7\mii 2 t2'it5dld
LJ
2tfi 2 m'i:3m
c;
'1
1
H~~'iH~HtHujnn~:HNJru '1
ci Q If 'f!) ct 0 l
0 • 0
ruunn~n
u
y
X Y = 2x
-2 0.25
-1 0.50
0 I
1 2
2 4 -3 -1 2 5 X
38
PROEUS DARA
mntJ&11'errfl~mh~
GV ..
x stJ y
u
y
X y = G(
-2 4 y = (-2])X
-1 2
0 1
1 0.5
-3 2 5 X
2 0.25
2. y = (~f
r:l. y = 3' m. y = Gf
~ <=> <=> ~ <=> ., •C
4. ~~muae@S~~m;He~j~ei~jns
:1
4.1 Nihndh;NjM~CNJru
t:r:l'i:llSH9r:l'e2Hunijn.n~rMJill y =ax
u
'l52lfiy=b
.;
rf:1rub>0'1
39
PROEUS DARA
X
y =a
O<a<l
y =b
X 0 X
X
a = a·
y
hl'i:HHli x
u
=y
0 • 0
ruUTHi1!Ull &1:!1 g Lnn ru hl-@ m~
fi. 4x = 8 2. 3] X-- 1=1. 5 X 2x = 40
J3
lli. 18 X 3x = 2 h. I = G) l-3x
2.
1
2x =3 ] -X =--
2
X=-
3
2
X = -32
X 1
m. 18 X 3x = 2 , 3 = -
9
X =3 X = -2
G. 5 1-x = (0.2)3x
X = -1 X = --21
2. 4x =I 1=1. 2x =0
h. 2x X 81-x =! G. 3 x
2
-2x = 27
4
40
PROEUS DARA
4.2 '"huth=ruiftHdjn.n~fMJru
(;f:l'i:fl@H~f:l'i3SHtHujMi1~hlJru y =ax ~tlru a>O ' a,.] 2~ xER
u
~ X d ~ q 0 1 ~
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X V
a "" a· hl'i§'i§u ru X "" y
3x- I 1
ill. (0.7t > OA9 ~. 4x- 6 · 2x +8< 0 ts. 4 > 256
4
2. 16n<8n+ 1 hl'i3lHru(2 )"<2 3 (n+l) J:Lmg 16=24 8=2 3
41
PROEUS DARA
I
0 0
6V
x E ( -oo, 2)
2
t - 6 .t +8< 0 mb t = 2x , t>0
i:lf.HSg
u
1 hl~flla'tflShlrultH~IlJ
1 ""
x E (1, 2)
-1 1
4 > 256 MlJ ru
IJ
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...
i~e5~~ ttrl gLnnru1 tu~ma
?i. 16
-X 1 m. 3x-1 !
<9
< 256
2
b. 2 x X 8 1-x ;;:,41 u. 3x -2x<27
42
PROEUS DARA
1.1 U
<»
- uSS'iQlnMmtsm93
0
f.l •
I
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P(l +i) 2 +P(l +i) 2 i = p(l +i) 3
IJmru m'eS
u £'l
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lJ "" u lJ 1.1 ""£'l
I
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21
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u lJ
i1§1u t iJgmfl
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2t ttfiru'eruiJggmfllHQlfi
u ""u lJ
i il§n§ru
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41
43
PROEUS DARA
0 I 0 0 \;)
ru'UTHHUUJ 1 on m
c::t
1987 Hn18
ct
m.nr:191 2l:flrh::ns
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m ~l§runf2iHt1
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6V c::t lJ c::t c:t
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mumnHHuffl&itnSr! 84000 [:jr:l.fl~ 1:Jru
I<V
tnjru mh i mHt,mrn~t,m~dr:o.n~
20
t?lQlS 84000(1 + i) = 49 000 000
( 1 + l')20 = 49 000 000
84000
20 49 000
(I + i) = ( nlintHu&l 20 )
84 "'
1 + i = 1.375 15 i = 0.375
""
c 0
= 3405 u~2hlhlJ1_,159Jhr:h15
"" •
44
PROEUS DARA
~- cr~~HdMJLU9Jbct"l'citsi~ 2006
ffl~ru@nmnbnli y = 3405(1.30) ft~ru t = 2006-1996 = 10
1
10
ttitnS y = 3405(1.30) 'Y_ 46941
nhmri?iu~3 nt\Jml:flR9mumR9~~ti.HUtJ~bru'i'tfltim&uru
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45
PROEUS DARA
0 •
=i15lm~ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
n. Jf6 m. Vo.oos(y-2) 3
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. Jx-JX+l.
46
PROEUS DARA
1 1 I
~
n. 83 2. X
4 ~
R. y
5
(3x)
ti. 3 = I
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lli. 16x<8x+l
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J[
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'-" \.1
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ct
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1
t:fltlrHlim
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1
47
PROEUS DARA
d
1. ~·~~~ei_e1~
1.1 MtJPrullSiUiAU~tmru
X =2 , X =3
d5 x =1 ~mg f(l) = 4 &tl012?1'i:flEH1hnti
u
(1, 4)
.. 0 •
m x = 2 &mg f(2) = 6 &tl012~'i:fl2&1H:il'li (2, 6)
tlMSl61t~&ru~&2
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g(x) mmg x 0
=4 , x =6 , x =8
.
t'li X =4 &218 g(4) =1 ttl012tl'i:fl2rul::il'li
0
(4, l)
'
.
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u
~tl'Q12tl'i:fl2rul::ilti (6, 2)
.
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u
ttl012~'i:fl2
0 '
rul::il'li (8, 3)
C» C» 0 I':) cf c:p
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n ""' u 1 l.,j .,
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1 l.,j I
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1 et b et
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I l.,j 1
f '1
48
PROEUS DARA
0 • 0
rutmfif!Uu
... 0 et 1
nmru
w
mmg~HHi'l§2
1
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~ I
t~~n..n ~mit'l§GV x dlH2~'l§St2
I
y
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x+2 ~ y
2
-
0
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I
et
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~
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1 2h F 1 mHs~'l§sumhlm
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tti M(a,b)Ef
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X f(x) X F 1(x)
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1 1 1 1
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4 2 2 4
LfflutsH~~'i§2 1 ~g~st~ F 1
1
tUl ~ t 2 g g
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'1 Y g(x) = 2x-1
~ ~ 1
hlbtf1tlt2
I
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-1 X 1
g (x)=-+-
g(x) = 2x-l 2 2
-4
-1
X g(x) X g (x) 6 X
0 -1 0 112
112 0 -1 0
50
PROEUS DARA
0 • 0
rutrrHHUu
... ... 1
i,t5~5! 2. log - f:i. log 125
44 5
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B
1
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a
=- -
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log ax
a = x
n = log aY t 21 8 a" = y
t 21 g m - n = log c~)
a Y
52
PROEUS DARA
n 611J
= nlogaX
53
PROEUS DARA
!:1. logz(l6 · 3)
2 4
3 3
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cr "? ~ , '=> er
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u
y I
Y = 2x
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I
I
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X y X y
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2 5 X
0 1 1 0
1 2 2 1
2 4 4 2
54
PROEUS DARA
f::ltmummtif'dtu;gmm'lti'ShtiSl~
Uct 6\lc;U .: :; y =x '1
1
.., ~ • ':) cr
l'irulSlnt~tru2 sbM~LffllitS~~l'i'eS y = log!x '1
2
y
y = G( y = log 1x
2
4 y =X
X y X y
\
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'
-1 2 0.5 I
-4 -2
0 I 1 0
1 0.5 2 -1
2 0.25 4 -2
y = log!x ffl~HnJ (Ox) LnMhtf10 (1,0) '1 ntlru~EJI=i13S y = log!x 2-t:l y = G)x
2 2
PROEUS DARA
y
y = log 3x
X y
1/9 -2
1/3 -1
0 X
1 0
3 1
9 2
56
PROEUS DARA
y
y = log 1x
3
X y
119 2
113 l
0 X
1 0
3 -1
9 -2
3. 1 rutlmnnnmln
tiil8LW1IDM~fila logx+log(x+3) =1
""
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u {X> u {X >0 Y. (x>O)
1
X+ 3 > 0 "'- X> -3
""
hl'efil~ logx+log(x+3) = 1 xE(O, +oo)
57
PROEUS DARA
1
x(x+3)=10 Ma thlHJl nbHu MjMti tMJ ru
r:t1 nh M~ ma ~ 'LR 91i a
2
x + 3x-10 = 0
(x+S)(x-2) =0 f:llAr:tltirnt:lMnm
I 01
X = -5 , X =2
0 • 0
N'Ulll'HU
II
2 2
log 6x(x-5) = log 66 tLmg 2 = log 66
i-sx = 36 r:tlnbhl~Fil~~t'(!1'92
~
2
x -5x-36=0 u_(x+4)(x-9)=0 x=-4 ,x=9
3
X
log = log 5 16
54
3
x = 64
X= 4
X> 0
{ x-6>0
58
PROEUS DARA
x
2
- 6x-16 = o tin 16 tnhH~iibn~
Fl
(x-8)(x+2) = 0
x-8=0 ~ x+2=0
X= 8 'U
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X= -2
i~i~i tmgt,n.nrusbt~b~~ru1§ml2lbtt,m"e
1
n. log - = -2 2. logx9 =2
636
2
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3. 2 l rutimiummln
y y
a> I
0 X 0
X
59
PROEUS DARA
crll'1
I
0 • 0
rutiTHHUII
3
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9 2 2 2
X> 27
I
03 1 3
i:l.
2 2
s "'"
3
log 112 <log 1(5x- 3) 1 hl~ff1~'i:fl2 rumru run 5x- 3 > 0 'Ux>-
5
60
PROEUS DARA
5x < 15 Y. x<3
0 3
... ...
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3
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4.
4.1 nhnnsmttm
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= 100 = 0.11 , a= 130
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1
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1 1
0.89 = 0.5 ¢:> t log0.89 = log0.5
t,e~efi
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62
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r 1
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64
PROEUS DARA
2. y = log 7x
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I
4
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3 b)
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2
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3
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66
PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
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68
PROEUS DARA
y y y
p X X
td I
(J. + 2 X 360°
0 y
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u
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69
PROEUS DARA
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fl 1
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PROEUS DARA
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:rt . :rt
cos- sm-
cot-
2
:rt
= -. -:rt2 = 0
-I =0 2 "'
:rt = - -
tan-
2 :rt
'BSHlG
y
Sll1l cos
2
i::lmag
u
sin~6 = l2 '
cos~
'6
Q = J32
= ~~-4 '1
71
PROEUS DARA
Jt
cos-
J3
-
cot-
6
Jt
= -. -Jt = -2l = J3
'6
'1
sm6 2
? J3 2 I
5-4xr+(
3) I+-
3 8
2
2x e)2 2 -2xl'+4xl
3
=
l
2x- 2+4
4
=
15
'1
2.2 M~ i~:u.f~n~aLilcmn.n1:fllJ1
• o!:;» t:) I C$
~~~Ui l:fnM'HlUi tOntO Q)t:h'iJS fnUJ~ 1':1
3 7 Sn
l':'lMSl cosl20° , sin(-60°)
' , cos 4n , sin 4Jt , tan- '1
6
72
PROEUS DARA
I~ I !! Ill IV
sin a + + -
cos a + - +
tan a + - + -
cot a + - + -
ffi1:9[j~ti9rJffiRJ t?JQ18
2
OP = OQ 2 + PQ 2
X
(1)
73
PROEUS DARA
I I
1 + tan 2 8 =- -
cos28
1 + cot 2 8 = - -
sin28
. 8 "' '?!!
2 b ~ 8 ~ 24 fflLi:J b l1 l '1
0
t1 llil Sl cos 8 , tan 8 , cot 8 t 111 ru f1[1 ru sin 8 =
17
74
PROEUS DARA
sin~= ~ '1
2
, cos(- ~rc) 2
, tan(_ :rc) '1
3.3 1id
IFI
0 1- ""
11. 'BtH.iHfl
I-' q
El at! -El : ~HhdtiH11FnrurunrHliUrUirlhltHMSiHu2'iffi~
I & c< U I! ._. UU
2rc '1
I 1
~ J C» --7 ---7
Qbl~hL~tfilM'i:flL~'t:i'i:fl2 (OA , OP) = e y
I
-7 -7 ""
(OA , OP') = El' t'Ull15 El + 8' = 0 ffi~ 2rc
75
PROEUS DARA
sin(~- e) y
cose l
tanG e) = = sine = cote= -e
tan
cos(~- e)
-1
X
cosG e)
sine
cotG- e) = cose = tane /
/
sinG- e)
~sii-e
! 1.1
ru ~ Mstl
"'
n~~
u
hl~ ~sii-eru~gQ
! l.l
~ '1
nHHttltStStsMts
u !
"
P 0
t1 (cose , sine)
"'"
Stl nHHttltStSf3Mts
u !
P'(-cose , sine) (1) 'i
i:jiJtSg "
nHHttltStS P' t'i. (cos(:n: 8),sin(:n:-8)) (2)
"'" 'i
u u
cos(:n:- 8) = -cos8 X
x'
sin(:n:-8) sine
tan(:n:- 8) = = - - = -tan8
cos(:n:-8) -cos8
_ cos(:n:- 8) _ -cos8 _
co t( :n: - 8 ) - - - - - -co18
sin (:n: - 8) sin 8
ii~m~s-em
1
'l:flststla:3'gmm'1'listlHn'iMSM
IO'G; 1f5Vct u \.t11
'1
1
76
PROEUS DARA
391tnUU1"'
0 I 0 ~ '?
illUTH'l l!i~ f:Hlfl m 6'1 t'ii! bru ~H 2 n t 2Jl'i:3
A= cos(-8)+sinG 8)+cos(rt-8)+sin(~rt+8)
i,i;~i;~
"" "" 1 i:thtiHt.flrn sin4r = 0.6820 J:Hl..flm cos43°
R
i,i;ii;i 2 an&'lt'ii! t ru2 &s nr; 2Jl'i:3 A = sin( -x) + sin(rt- x) + cos(rt x) + sinG x)
B = sin( 52rt -x) + cos(3rt x)
5rt
C = tan-+ cot-+-- '1
7n I
6 4
tan~
3
tan( ,.,.+tl)
'" __ sin(n+B) -sin8
= -cos8
- - = tan8
cos(rt + 8)
77
PROEUS DARA
IQ! -j. -7 ~
QtH~bUHnHl.Jl'i:flUHf:l'i:f12 (OA , OP) =8 2h
I
->
(0 A
--7
0 P) = 3t2 + 8 = 3t2 (-8) '1
5
tan rr = tan(~+~) = -cot~ = J3 '1
6 3
-tan~
4
= - - = - = 1 '1
COSJt -!
78
PROEUS DARA
eJ 0 I
n. tfjanruu;
0 I C) Jt cJ 0 1 ';) cf
fHJJHHflS npuncn cosx~O , x~(2k+ 1)
2 , kEZ '1 ~tm:::gtf::l2f"H1.fl61t2H~R''l§2
cf C) 0 I
4 0 ' Jt
y =- nrullilQlGllllblHl.JTl cosx~o (2k+ 1)::;-
cmx L
Jt Jt
H~R''i§2 y
"'
= tan(x-l)
0 '
nrul6l(f12filblillifl X 1 ~(2k+ 1)2 , X~ 1 +(2k+ 1)2 ,
kEZ '1
Q ~ cf C) 0 1 cf C)
sin[2(x + n)] = sin(2x + 2n) = sin2x sb cos 2 [(x + n)] = cos(2x + 2n) = cos2x
79
PROEUS DARA
C( I tt::::), (;f I J
SintniM"' y = sin-21x ,
'i:fiS?,'U T = 8rr , v = cos(-3x) 'i:fi22'U T = -
2rr 2rr
= -
H • 1.J l-31 3
"' l
H91'11§8 y = 3tan x 'i:fiS~'U T = 2rr , y = cot5x 'i:fi8~'U T =~ '1
2
f(-x) = -f(x)
C) 0 I I ':I Q)
y = tanxcofx
3 ., o •
'i:fiStt!SnCUln D =R { kn}
2 kEZ l3'Unt~ xED , -xED ·"
tffiru f(-x) = tan(-x)cot 3-(x) = tanOcot\-x) = tanxcot\ = f(x) '1
tltH
u
S g y = tanxcot\
0 I ef 0 I 0 I
2U
1.J
: ctlHSn'i§S2'U
1 1.1
ttl ru'tf1S2'U
1.1
p = 2rr tf:tl ru sin(x + 2rr) = sinx nlih Mnn
li'
ct Cl1 t::l) '1:> ct t::.)J
HSI'l'i§S
1
y = sinx tru [-rr, rr] t'Ul115UflltltSHSn'i§S
I
y = sinx trutHS'U
~
0.:::::. eJ Q) 0 eJ
[(2k-l):n:, (2k+ l):n:] QlStf:tlrumrummru [-:n:, rr] G~s 2rr fi1'i§HnJ (x'x) '1
80
PROEUS DARA
Jt
X 0 - :n: y
2
l
smx 0
~ --"-- ~0 .. -] 1 X
cf (!) 0 1 cf
~2?it32
1
v = 2sinx
•
'i:fl2 ~L:i 2rH1Jln D = R '1 ~2?it32
1
y = 2sinx 'i:fl22'l5
u
T = 2:n: '1
ct
L:imsg
u
y = 2sinx dl~2?it32thlhl '1
1
y
Jt 3:n:
X 0 - :n: 2:n:
2 2
2 0
2sinx
~0 ~
~-2/
0/
y
y = sinx
y = sin( x + ~)
Jt
2
X x'
-1
y'
.C::C, s c:::-. ~ I cf
f1.H1JlHuUfltl r:JiHi5illflll.HS~H~f:l'\32 y = sin2x
0 c::::. el Ql 0 '
LHS'l& [2k-l)n; (2k+l)n] ; kEZ Q1Str:JltiJH'iblH'\3n~rn [-n; n] BSS 2n
ru U
~Ul tiJ t'\3fi nli [-Jt, 0 J 012 t i:h tiJ ~qu frnt1 ~ g ~tlJtiSb ~ fiJ HH i:h bS ~S t'\3 fit ru [0, n]
1
~~ y
COSX 0
~ -1 -1 -1
R?
PROEUS DARA
.,
T = 2n '1 xED , -xED ~Ultl5 f(-x) = 2cos(-x) = 2cosx = f(x) ~tHlH y = 2cosx
y
Jt Jt
X -Jt - - () - Jt 2
2 2
2 -Jt
2cosx
0/-r ~() -1
X
/ ~ -2
-2 -2 y'
0 • 0
ffi'UTifH'Uu
y
y = cos( x- ~)
3Jt
-Jt
2
x' X
y'
J'fHHnHu : ~f:l'abttlLf:lti x;e~+kn, kEZ sl~ tan(-x) = -tanx '1 ~msg y = tanx
3
PROEUS DARA
y
Jt- I
' '
I
0
0~
2
+oo I
I
I
I
') I
I
J
J
2( u
X
tanx I _/
~
I 2
J I
I I
I I
' y' '
mnh:wrh.mn hl~Lmu
y
X --Jt Jt
-- 0
Jt Jt
-
2 4 4 2
1 1 1
0
2tanx 2 2 x' X
..
X
Jt
- 2'~"~,;:
Jt
0 -Jt Jt
-
4 4 2
Jt
X= X+~
6
Jt
-Jt 5Jt 2Jt
3 12 6 12 3
y l oo ---~ 1~0~-I--~-ooll
84
PROEUS DARA
y
Jt
X 0 -
2
cotx +co
~'~~0 X
oc:
PROEUS DARA
0 '
=itS~~=~·==-==-~==-=======----==·=-========
1
ti ill12l n. sin 8 cos 8 2. tan8 + - -
tan 8
"
4. ~nGHl1ilb2Jl'li~tHLffl'i3
3
8 cos \:x - 2 sin a + cos a
A = ------------~---
3
t til 11Htfl
~
rn tan o: =2 '1
2cosa- sin a
B =
sin a+ cos a t......., P~~s:.nno
bWIUJbUibU tana =- 2
cos a- sin a ~
. 2 2
C = sm a- cos a
2 2
sin a - 2 cos a
5. Ml_,'libliilb2Jl'li~btLffl'i3
1.1
. 2 2
2 2 sm a tan o:
n. Jtan a + cot a + 2 2· 2 2
cos a- cot a
2 2
cos a + cos acota
lli. . 2 .
2
2
Sin a + sin o: tan a
6. t~b~flM'i3fflbl~btl_,Al'l3 :
1
(co se
I) 2 lli.
2sin8cos8- cos8
2 2
=
tan8
I - sin8 + sin 8- cos 8
7. ~
86
PROEUS DARA
n. y = X- sin2x
2. y = X 2 COS 2X
0
?i. y = tanxcos -x
lli. y = sin5x + sin3x + 5 sinxcos2x (x E R)
~ . X
n. y = -sm 2. y = -sintl+ 1 m. y = 3tan8 '1
3
~
n. y = sm x + . ( Jt) 2. y = 2 + sinx ?i. y = 1- sinx '1
3
""
12. t?i'Hl2U~Hfi"Hl.fl E:lmti2lb 0" bli'Hl2 sin~ = p
nfHE:l
u u G)
u p
n. tan~ 2. sin(90° ~) ?i. sin(l80° + ~) '1
12 13
'> <::. A
2. 91m~nnm
......, GIJ
QPR 2b cosPRS '1
Q 5 R s
1
14. tibl mm cos8( . - I. )
l11 ...._, J- Sill 8 l + Sill 8
gL'i:j~ ktan8 sb ~ nn ~'!i!~s k '1
PROEUS DARA
s
tJ:'l ~ fiJ~ ~ci ~ t mMl:flUl ttl rnl:fls
·--7 --7 --7 ~ "" --7 _,.
(OA, OM)= a , (OA, ON)=~ Sb (OM, ON)= 0-a <J
tt10l2
-71COSO.
OM .
-71 cos~
ON '1
sma sin~
88
PROEUS DARA
"'
mtt:Jd2M -B
0
n:nru [3 n!Wu'l:32 cos(a-B) f:t:JQI2
u "'l u G1
~fnfJUM "' 1
~£ntntnn "' 2 . Jt = sm
sm . (Jt Jt) = sm
. Jt cos Jt sm
. Jt cos Jt = J2 x J3 - 1 J2 J6-J2
12 4 6 4 6 6 4 2 2 2x 2 =
4
sin9°cos39°- cos9°sin39°
3Jt 5Jt . 3Jt . 5Jt
cos cos + sm sm
7 28 7 28
sin9°cos39°- cos9°sin39° _ sin(9°- 39°) sin( -30°) _ J2'i
Jt = 2
cos 3Jt cos 5Jt . -3Jt sm-
- + sm . 5Jt - cos ( -12Jt - 5Jt)
- cos-
28 7 28 ' 28 28 4
sin ~ , cos ~
f:1 rul2l sin 105 o , cos 105 o ,
1 1
u tn mm sin (a - f3) + sin ( f3 8) + sin ( 8 - a) =0 '1
~ ~ cosacosf3 cosBcos8 cos8cosa
89
PROEUS DARA
sinacosf3 + sinf)cosa
l:?iQlS tan( a+ f3) = _co_s_a_c_o_s':::-f3_c-:co_s_cx.-,co:--s7f3 ~ tan (a + f3) = tan a + tan f3 (5)
cos a cos f3 sin a sin~ I - tan a tan f)
cos a cos f3 cos a cos f3
R) -_ tana tan~
t an ( a- 1,., -:----~ (6)
1 + tanatanf3
tan~ - tan~ I- J3 3- J3
tan I~ = tanG ~) = 4 Jt 6Jt = _ _3_ = -3_+3_).3_3 = 2 J3 '1
l+tan tan
4 6 l+lx 3 3
0 • 0
rutrrH'i ?1 ~ 1
3Jt
tan(a-f3) = -1 =;. a-f3=4
0 • 0
rumu1 ?1 ~ 2 tan38- tan8 + co t(Jt
-:----:::-----:::-::: - +-u ?o)
IB I + tan fl tan 3 8 2
tt'i'i:fl8
tan38- tan8 ) = tan(38- 8) = tan28 "']., (Jt )
8w cot - + 28 = -tan28
1 + tan8tan 3 t 2
90
PROEUS DARA
2.1 uitJUSYBU
n • 1
2 2 2
cos2a =cos a-(1 cos a)= 2cos a '1
(8)
2tana
l::ltHS8 tan2a = (9)
u l-tan 2 a
""
~n sin2a ' cos2a sh tan2a m.., cosa = - 5
4 "" :It
sh 2 <a< :It '1
:It
tthru
2 <a<n =
. Hl)(4)
stn a =
.
- - -
5
2
35
= - , <.J<-:>roo
<t wu • ~ o
u
. 2 a = 2 smacosa
sm . = 2 x 3 x ( - 4) = - 24
5 5 25
4 2 sina
cos2a = 2cos 2a- 1 = 2 x (- 5) 7
= -25 ~ tti'Q18 tana = --
cosa
= --34 ~
01
PROEUS DARA
2 3 3
= 2sina(l-- sin a) +sin a- 2sin\x = 2sina 2sin a +sin a- 2sin a
3
[::ltHS&
u
sin3a = 2sina-4sin a '1
""'
b'i'li~'U1Hl cos2a = cos(2a +a) = cos2acosa- sin2asina t?ltfl2
L.; IJ 61
ry
1- 2sin~a cos2a
t?ltfl2 =
2cot(~ +a) cos (~
2 Jt 2Jt \
a) 2 tan (
4 - a) cos ( 4 - a}
cos2a cos2a = cos2a = 1 '1
= =
cos2a
2 sm
. (Jt
4 a) cos(~ a) sinG- 2a)
2.2 iUtf8nS:U
u n "' J
a
n. d5t?ld2n.J 2a tr:ilru a sb a tr:ilru t94nhm-es sin2a = 2sinacosa ,
IJ 2 "'I IJ 61
. . a a za l + cosa
sma = 2 sm 2 cos 2 '
cos - =
2 2
[;?l(flS
2a 1- cos a za 1- cosa
sin-
2 = 2
tan - =
2 I+ cosa
a
2tan
cos a = za
COS - -
. za
Slll - , tancx = 2 '1
2 2 za
l - tan -
2
. za 2a
cossm - 2 2sin~cos~
za . 2a 2 2 2
COS 2 + Slll 2 = cosa = sina = - - - - -
za . za za . za
cos i + sm cos - + sm -
2 2 2
92
PROEUS DARA
2 a
1- tan ~ 2tan
cosa =
2
sina =
2 '1 ~tltt12J tan~ = t
2a ' za 2
l+tan l+tan
2 2
2
1- t . 2t 2t
cosa =- -2 , sma = - -2 , tana =
1+t l+t 1-
~'1
2
1- cos~ l- J3
. 2:rr
Slll 12
. 2(1
= Slll 2 X 6 = - - - :rr) 6 2 2-J3
= -2- = -4-
r..n
bW lliJ 51·n~>O
12
. Jt ~
Slll12 = 2
. 3:rr
sm-
J2 r;:;
tan3; = tanG x 34n) = _ _4-=-
l + cos 34Jt =1 f
2 ,..;2
= 2 - J2 =
J2 + 1 '1
2fl1'lf)tM"' 2
1- COSX
n. &~ b ctu\' n.m nHl = tan~2 '1
<I <I sinx
2 2
1- t 1 + /-1 + t
1 - - -2
1- cosx 1+ t 1+? 2l
ffltl tan~
2
=t ttl(fl~
sinx = 2t = 2t -2i = t = tan~2 '1
--2
1+? 1+ t
'in~
2
= J- cosa =
2
J' ~ +
2
=
~5
@_ = 2J5
5 '
co'~ J' +C<"a
2
= -
2
= J1-
2
~ = - /!
~5
= - J5
5
93
PROEUS DARA
3.
... (I )
fi. UfiH5'HS
u u
sb (2) t f:1 Ql S cos (a + ~) + cos (a - ~) = 2 cos a cos ~
1:lnams
u ...
(1) sh (2) tf:1QlS cos(a+~)-cos(a-~) = -2sinasin~ '1
~.
... (3)
'i5fiH5'HS
u u
sb (4) tf:1QlS sin(a+~)+sin(a-~) = 2sinacos~
1:lnm-es
u ...
(3) sh (4) tf:1QlS sin (a + ~) - sin (a ~) = 2sin~cosa '1
sin a cos~ = ~[sin( a+~)+ sin( a-~)] , sin~cosa = ~[sin( a+~)- sin( a-~)]
1 1
cos75°cos45° =
2[cos(75°+45°)+cos(75°-45°)] =
2(cos120°+cos30°)
= ! (- ! + J3) = J3 - 1 '1
2 2 2 4
sm. Sn12 sm. n4 = 21[ cos (5n n) -cos (5n12 + n)4 J= 21[( cos n6 - cos 32n) J
12 4
= Hf- (- ~) J = J34+
1
'1
3.2 Ulntilfit'SntUniWfthtSntfirul
U I
mha+f.\=p
p
,a ~=q tf:19lmQlSa=p+q
....., 2 Sl:i~=p-q'1dShla
2 1J
Sl:i~
94
PROEUS DARA
sin(p+q) sin(p+q)
tanp + tanq = , cotp + cotq =
cos pcosq sinpsinq
sin(p-q)
tanp- tanq =
cospcosq
, cotp- cotq = sin(p- q)
sinpsinq
'1
391tnUl.n"' 1 . 105o + sm
sm ..I 5o = 2 Sill
. 105o +]5o cos 105o -15o -- 2sJ·n60ocos45o
2 2
= 2xJ3xJ2 = J6 '1
2 2 2
391tnUlll 2 "' WHWHtltHlif:l1 rul I +cos a+ cos2a '1
2(~
2 + cot2a) cot~- tan~
0 ' 0
ill'UTHHU 1 = '1
u sm a 2 2
2( cos
2
~ ~)
2
2 sin
2 (~ + cot 2 a) = 2 (_1_ + cos2a) = 2 ( 2cos a ) = 2cosa =
sm a 2 sin2a sin2a 2sinacosa sin a
2sin~cos~
2 2
2a 2a
cos sin
2 2
= = cot~- tan~ 'I
a a a a 2 2
sin -cos- sin-cos-
2 2 2 2
0 • 0
rutmti~U 2
u
"A
Sill + sm ·c = 4 cos A cos2cos
·s + sm B C'1
2 2
. B . C r.,~no
,., . A+ B . A
A- B 2 . C C
.""'"' sm
+ sm + sm = Lsm--cos + sm cos
2 2 2
tthrnA+B+C=n ==>
A+B 1t
= --- c . A+B
'1 i:lmsg sm-- =cos-
C
2 2 u 2 2
A+B . C
cos--= sm- '1
2 2
C A-B A+B C
tf:lQlS sinA +sinE+ sinC = 2cos cos-- + 2cos cos
2 2 2
A, B, c r:tl~nhU~tfilrul'!:3ru
teo u '1 mum
u
mm
Ul '-'>
1
95
PROEUS DARA
0 •
=flS~~ =-==================
6. rm:.J
u
mm hl'tl fil n~ il t Lm'tl
l.ll ""
:
4 4
sin a + 2 sin a cos a - cos a
~.
tan2a -1 = cos2a
3 3
cos a- cos3a + sin a+ sin3a
lli.
cos a
=3
2 2
2. cos (a+~)+cos (a-~)-cos2acos2~
96
PROEUS DARA
n. sin3a = 4sinasinG+a)sinG-a)
. A sinB + sinC
n. sm = -=----=
cosB+ cosC
A c
sinA = 2sinBsinC dl~~FIH1IIftHHfln '1
I 0">:1
M~t2Lntmn.n ABC cu t?i~bm
Q
97
PROEUS DARA
1.
a o tf:l'i:fls
'i:flsntl M sb N m8n.nmsinli 1
I Ql '? 0 t::b
Ul'i.HtHtH
1
fl G M 1 G N 1=1 cosy '1 ntHi5
0 ~ I Ql /
B
cosx = cosy t2'HGMG M sb N 1:flflffi'i.Ht.Ht5 +;/ -
1 1 II I
t:~mn '1 t:~msg tl=ltflflnHl1Hht:~uu:nh~:UFn13 :
lJ "' u y I
I
IP
-y I
A
I
M
t:lmsg
u
x = y+2kn (kEZ) '1
~ t:::l ~ Q> C) B'
- m M sb N ~g~tuJ'liflhHnJ (x'x)
1
o->--7.,.
tSH'SI (OA, ON) Sb
98
PROEUS DARA
B'
_, ---7
(OA, OM) = X '1
':1 0 a:. "'=' 0
sinx dlHHtiH2t2tHWltl
I
M 2h siny dlHHtht2t2GMG
l
N '1 tthru sinx = siny
t2'H M 2h N l:fl2HHtht2f;jtlffl '1 f;jtlb2& tJ:'ilf12iiHUlrlHultl~ht1fil13
u ct u LJ
- d5 M sb N U616ihlffl
let
t2'U X = y + 2krc (k E Z)
w
- ttl M Sb N ti&fflttfl'lJSh~n'i
GVc:t u U
(y'y) tS'U~
1
(oA, o/1) Sb (Oft oA,f) dl~'t5t213
1 "
I
~ 1'\:) 0 ---7 -1
m
ct
tUlru rc-y dlahlnH813
& l
(OA, OM) '1 f;jt.HS&
u
x = rc-y+2krc (kEZ) '1
C» c."ll C».:::il Jt Jt
n513filal:fl8t.H~ru
3 m J:'i x = +21m , x = --
3 + 2krc (k E Z) '1
tl'
291tntnn 2 t tr1 gLhfl ru hli1 m~ cosx = a '1
C» 0
lal >
CJ) '
- filb15Llffi 1 n513fil~ cosx =a ffl8tH13ti5t'im&'iJ:'i't5tl88 xER, -1;;; cosx;;; I '1
..-b G\1 L.J w 1J
99
PROEUS DARA
nb~bhUihmn.n~u~ft:Hli~SG~ 0 sb A
"'I IJ <>
0 1'\:1 Ill:» -7 -7 e:J
thurultH'HlHStHtflru
1 ..
(OA, ON) = a UHli
u
cos a = OP = a ( !:1um2lb
u u
nil
£1
) <J A'
X
Yjlb~ QJ b9J~ a = OP = cos( -a) tf:l ru -a
I"'.) 0 --7 ---7 M
tllHjlM~S~ (OA, OM) <J &t'!QlS :
!:lmsg
u
x = 2kn (k E Z) <J
!:lmsg
II
X= n+2kJt (kEZ)
Ill::» '\:1 QJ C» c6
utYrutSMYffll cosx = cosa
~
~SlUt'! x=a+2kn '15 x=-a+2kJt
~
(kEZ)
OQ) U C» U 0 0 C» t:»
2. ntYllinrul:YrtH!:lru~SnMSM!:lui?il
S I II 1 I U c;
lli8Unrt~Y91brtHMi?il 'i5Gijji?fl&Sl8
1 I ""c; ~<I <t
I
100
PROEUS DARA
tltH!:~g x =
3 Jt+kJt Si:J x = T_!:-kJt , kEZ '1
u 16 2 8
.. 3Jt Jt . 0
3Jt '
tti k = 1 , x = + - 13h~Uni113rul13 M' 1 '1 m""'
k = 2 , x = - +Jt r;b~UJb
16 2 I li I } 6 I li
r;tJ~un~crrulr;
I c; I
N
u
~ Jt I 0
m k = 1 , x = - + Jt
8
13b~Uni113rul13 N' 1
1 li I
c:'41 Jt I 0
m k = 2 , x = qh~UJi113rlJl13 N
8 + 2Jt u
1 '1
tlmSJg
U
(2) ~2hiru1m'i§rur;tl~n~~
I I c;
N1 <V
sh N'1 '1
u
0 • 0 ~
..,
13&'i§UJ 1 + 3cosx + cos2x = cos3x + 2sinx · sin2x
3cosx + 2cos x = cos3x + cosx + -cos3x ~ 2cosx + 2cos x = 0
2 2
tlm2g "" Jt
M'i:3Fll~~2tiMx=-+kJt, x=Jt+k2Jt (kEZ) '1
u ~ 2
J.<t
'W.
• 4 4
Slil X - COS X = 21 '1
101
PROEUS DARA
ti:JlgLWltiHt51:3fil~
.,. sinx = J2- '1
2
t!=ltll:'Htl sin~ = f M~filHfltHt5Hft5~ sinx = sin~ '1 ~m2g M~fil~'Hl2tH~rur!J
Jt Jt Jt 3:n:
x= ~
4 + 2k:n: , x = :n:-
4 +21m , kE Z x=
4
+ 2k:n: x =
4
+ 2k:n: (k E Z) '1
~ QJ I 0
y
nl:Ubih~l:filru1'Hl'i~tf:Hl5'Hl2~~ 0 Sb A dl
"'I " Li Li a B
0 I".;) QJ ~ ----7 t:)
- r;ti a= -1 15
'!l..
sinx = -1 ~:mguiJhgnrutt:ibl5'Hl2uhU~cir3Mu
c:t w· 1 1
B' dlm~ru G\J
u
!2hl~fil~ '1 ~m2g sinx=-1 ¢:>X= ~+2k:n:, (kEZ) '1
~ QJ QJ ~
C)1 QJ I ~ ~
'-h
1:1=1Hlutw,gLnflti5hl'i:3fila sinv(x) ""
= sinu(x) u<J
r:wrn u(x) 8w v(x) """'
dlH~l=l'i:32t2 x '1 c<;
102
PROEUS DARA
0
rutmn?i~
' 0
1 .x
sm-cos-
n x.n 1'1
cos-sm- = -
u 2 3 2 3 2
J3 J3
t~OlS 2cosx- = 0 ti
"'-
sinx-1 = 0 => cosx =
2 :!1 sinx = I '1
n n
~tHS8 cosx = cos => x = ±
6 +2kn :!1 sinx = => x = ~ + 2kn '1
6 2
y u
""'
t ttl ru M'i:H'il~ MH ~~ tanx = tan (- n)
4 '1
Jt
x' X
+1m , (k E Z)
4
':> y'
mmu M M t s u rt.nu
l C» 0
tsg
I I
2fl1tn1M 2 "'
t ~'i:flS ~ ~{51Ji t fil rt.n'i:flU'i (C) ttfi ru ( u' u) r:ll ii nJ 61{5 n5{5 ~i::l ruti g ~ ~{5 (C) '[!ii1 A '1
a m~m
&
nhmJlsu
1J c;
AM GMG
I
M sb M' ~g
6\1
ffltu'l'Ush
c; U 0 '1
U I
rsm@ruH!1'l::flSGbHici
C1i 6V l,j t Lj
M Sti M' '1
u u
0 • CJ I
x = n+a+2kJt 'iJ x
~
= a+(2k+ l)n '1 t?lOlSut@ru
6\1
x = a+kn , (kEZ) '1
tan::- tanx
0 • 0
ruun 11 f.'l3 2 __ 4__ = J3 '1
Jt
1 + tanxtan
4
tan::- tanx
4 ""
Sh tan-Jt = ,y3r;; .,
M'!:3filHfluMHhl~
!:f:Jlru n: = tanG-x)
3
l + tanxtan
4
tan( x ~) = tan(-~)
104
PROEUS DARA
1
n. tanx = - 2. tan3x = J3
J3
2tanx
R. 2
= ~3r;; ill. 2tanxcosx+ 1 = 2cosx+ tanx '1
l-tan x
Jt
~ 2x + -
3
= -Jt6 + kn , kEZ '1
Jt kn
!:i m 2 g 2x = ~ - ~ + bt ~ x= 12 + 2 ' kE z '1
u 6 3
""
&tngLhflli5hl~Ala 2(cot2x-cot3x) = tan2x+cot3x '1
sin3xsin2x + cos3xcos2x
2 (sin3xcos2x- sin2xcos3x) =
sin2xsin3x sin3xcos2x
2sinx cosx
~--~-
sin2xsin3x
= sin3xcos2x
~------
2sinxcos2x- sin2xcosx =0
sin2xsin3xcosx
2
2sinx(cos2x- cos x) .
. . ~ smx = 0 '1
sm2xsm3xcosx
1
n. cotx = - - 2. cot3x = J3
J3
R. cot(~- 3) = -1 ill. 3 cotx - J3 = 0 '1
PROEUS DARA
5
"hu~fflHflGMHMJ sinx;:: ~ tfi sin~ = ~ = sin rr
6
bs1 bruJ ~ -t5 0, mrtnl:fl1J1 t~l:fl2d rrfl G M 2 ~ 5n: M'
6
2 M(n:)
f---+---4\ A 6
M' ti:1ruu AM = ~ 2~u AM' = Srr '1
0 X
TI 6 6 TI
C» Q ":) 0 0 1::11
t~ M~~mllimltl M2 Mt2'i:HUG2 2udl~ 'i.HM
n '-" 1 1 u u "'- ...,
el , 0 ' t::!il ~
- rugumtnmmm2G22t2l8tsitruu
u MBM' IJm
2 1 u 01
u B'
0 0 ""
9l~GrulG M 2~ M' '1
I
<.1
~m28Gt~t1H2JM~ffl~
""' " <;I ' ""' •
smx- 1 ;:: 0 <::11
~
Jt
+2knsxs 5n: +2kn (k E Z) '1
2 6 6
cr
Sfn'U11M 2 tt!l8LMI151M~ffl~ 2cosx+ 1 <0 '1
4n:
'>! ""'
1 M~fflHflGMHhl~ cosx < 2:1 "tfi cos 2n: = -21 = cos-
3
'1
y
bsltru~~-t5L~tmrull:fl1J1 t~l:fl2GrrflG M 2~ M' 2n: M.
3
ti:1ruu AM 2
= n: 2~u AM' 4
= n: '1 t~wt~ntllimm
TI 3 TI 3 n "'
2
nw2w"&s~ruds2nGdl~-
u u
- rugumfnmmr1~sd22t218
1
u
X
\ 0
u 11 IJ 1 u 2
C» ~ C\l t:J 0 ~
\
tsitruu01 MA'M' truntru~GrulG
I
M 2~ M' '1 4n:"..
u 3 M'-~,B'
C\l ';) ~ C» .:::tr
i:1G&28Gb~l15t2J M~ffla 2cosx + 1 < 0 ~
U GV
y y
B
a
'•
·..a
'-,
A'r a A
x'
A'.· 0
a \A
x' 0 x X
.· 2n:-a
y' y'
cosx;:: a ffl2tiMfflbliruT1
..., "' a< -1 'l5 a> 1
"'-
Gti!ru a+ 2krr s x s 2n:- a+ 2kn: (k E Z) tHYW -a+ 2krr :=;; x sa+ 2kn (k EZ)
"" ""
106
PROEUS DARA
tsi~rnuc:t Mi.B ti
'A.
M~' '1 r::itH28
u ~hl~fil~ tanx =-I l::fl2m~ru
'31}
u
-Jt Jt
4 + kJt ::5 X < 2 + kJt , k E. Z '1
th !H9i
u
&f!ltfla tanx:::; a tanx ~a
y
B
X X X
Jt+
y' 73
1
t1=1Ln~
u
- Hi a &r::i ill sin a = a , cos a = a , tan a =a , cot a = a
lfY7
PROEUS DARA
JC JC
x x+- x+x--
< 0 , 2 sin~ cos ( x - ~)
3 3
2 sin cos <0
2 2
COS ( X-
rc) < 0 , rc + 2krc <X- rc < JC + rc + 2krc , 2rc + 2krc < X < 5rc + 2krc , k E Z
6 2 6 2 3 3
y
JC
2
2 sin x + 3 sinx - 2 ~ 0 '1
2
5rc
6,-~--~----~
2?+3t-2~0 ~ (2t-l)(t+2)~0 X
t S, -2 '[j t ~!
"'- 2
y'
&mru -ls.ts.l tcl'H~runfn ~s.ts.1
. 1 r ..n ·~~ . JC 1 . 5rc
t = smx~
2 •WIUJ :m 6 = 2 = sm6
~+2krcs.xs 5 rc+2krc
l:?ltflS
6 (kEZ) ctuJru1m~ruls~M{§fm '1
2rc
n. 2cosx ~ -J2 2. cos2x > cos ?!. J3cosx- 1 < 0
3
i:!. cotx< J3 '1
3
108
PROEUS DARA
r~
2
a 1- t . 2t 2t
bu tan- = t tl=iQlS cosa = - -2 , sma = - -2 tana = - -2
2 1+ t 1+ t ' 1- t
0 0 "'
sinx Sa ffi2 hl rt.flut~
1 GV
liJ Jt- a+ 2kJt S X Sa+ 2kJt (kEZ)
109
PROEUS DARA
0 0 ""
sinx 2: a 'i:fiS n.HliltH'i:Hti
1 GV
a+ 2bt s x s n: u + 2bt (k E Z)
0 0 ""
cosx sa 'i:fiS f1Hl..fltH'i:Hi5
1
a+ 2kn: s x s- u + 2kn:
G\)
(k E Z)
0 0 ""
cosx 2: a 'i:fiS t\HliltH'i:H15
1 GV
-a+ 2kn: s x sa+ 2kn: (k E Z)
0 0 "" n:
tan x s a 'i::fl S f'\Hl..fl1 tH'i:3
GV
ti5 2+kn:sxsa+kn: (kEZ)
0 0 ""
tanx2:a 'i::flShlillltH'i:3ru
1 GV
a+kn:sxskn: (kEZ) '1
0 •
= rutm ~ =·-==-=====--==·=··-=~·~=-=··=··-·-=·--=·-·=-....=
. -..=·-·-=···
. =·· . =--=
.....=......=.•.,=
••""=··-==-=-=·,-=·-=--=·=·=-=-""=
. '"'. .=. . . . .
2
n. 2 tany = 5 siny 2. 8 sinxcosx = sinx 1'!1. 4sin x = 6-9cosx
lli. 3cosy + coty =0 b. 2 sin 2x + I = 0
110
PROEUS DARA
7
~- 2cot2x =5 d. 3sinytany + 8 = 0 ru.J. 3cos-y = 7siny+5
QJ. cot(~)- 2cos(~) = 0
n. an~H'i:HS'i:3UhlG 8 mmg x =y
"" l w
2. 'i5tll mm x 2 + l
U1"'-'>
mcrs S~darhmg'if:lUJ;)t'i:3t8
I.J f.j ""
e <j
6. ~i:l§'iU~I:filllil ABC 'i::fl@ sinA + cosB = tanA <J 'i5tllmt:fl !J.ABC cnu~~fillliltnb <J
tJ sinE+ cos A U1 "'
:;:: ""
7. l:i:l<:i'iumfilllil ABC 'i::fl@ -sinC = 2cosA <J
" !J.ABC '1
aR'i'UtfifHS
tl sinE L.J
~
I "'-"9 !a
'i5 mm Gl
U1 "'
!J.AB C r:il U~ t filllil t\51:3 qm '1
B C
1:1. Un&lfltc~Hb~GlhlnG
~· ~ n u
( tdnnG)
~ u
B
2. 1:1 llil m n. sin960° 2. cos 1215° 1:1. sin2940°
13n 1
ill. COST b. tan(- 1n)
111
PROEUS DARA
?lbl..flSl~l (a+~+y)
2 <>
5. l:fi'i::fl2 a = cos 10° , 13 = cos50° , y cos 70 o '1 fi blil Sl a - 13 - y , a - l3y 2b
a2 + 13 2 + y2 '1
6. -ummm
U1 ""
2
n. (1- sin A+ cosA) = 2( 1- sin A)( 1 +cos A)
1
2. cotA + tanA = -:.---
smAcosA
fi. (tanS+ sinS)( tanS- sine) = tan 28sin 2e
7. t 1:fl81_,nflt1Ht5'i§ffl~21b t1_,fil'l:i :
n. 4cos\-cos2x-4cosx+ 1 = 0
2 2 2
8. n. &fi§J 2sinAcosA+(cosA+sinA) -(2cosA+sinA) =psin A+q
112
PROEUS DARA
TAKAKAZU SEKI
t S"lf.ltl hln1 nJ9 19 Cayley, Jame Syluester and Ferdinand Frobenius tnS hlnJltj ~ifltj hl
2h t r:1 fgs'i§ n.nti t.ihh ~il tfl '1 t Lt1 tu'i:fls ms1 nth1 s Qh 1i t:J mlfl n ruts t»:i ffitj hlLn ~ ms t?l
l u
rumsi ttn 81Jftnti5nhufruh ruts ms 't5HS?'i'i:3S
Cli 1
ru&s ms ttfi rufimruttmmfi
'\.!t. GV
hlln Snh'ig
et lJ
hl lmf} £1
1 ~ l
8 ]() 4
trJR~:Lm-e
!:f:iH1f3titn mn~'i:fl2 r; 2gnn rutu~ t tuau 2u 22-eu ru1 m-e ru tnthli nn ru tn Rnb
~ ~ "'
t:J ~:bQtim
n 1
13 5 7l
[8 10 4j
AlJmbu2u 2t~-eititn m9 2 ruttim2g r;Ulim ih1'9
e.! ~ ~ "' li
s
tu <J u2u 2'2-eru"]
u
tf:1 mtuatuas-l
nbi::lt-tiQmUlim mnt2Bl'iGtu '1 ~:tiih1'9tu'i:fl2dHi::lnrJJSbdHillJU r;2lgf:f:idlBl'iGtu'i:fl2
"'
I
n 1 li li u u li
rutnti 2 X 3 ti'i:fl21'i:fl'in
"' li
2 X 3 tt:lm 2 dlU22dHi::lli'in1MHMJ'e2
u u li
sb 3 dlU22tJHliH
u u 1
u
Q II Q,J 0 I eJ
Ln1tuatuHLAlru '1 tf:i2tl.lltl5dl'i:flt¥tumi:hti 2x 3 ( Hl2dl 2 r;~b 3) '1
u
dHliHG
u
1 dHliHG
u
2 dHlm'9 3
t
13
t ~
:l
dHi::ln'9
Ll
1 5
dHi::ln'9
Ll
2 8 JO
114
PROEUS DARA
132 2lR l_,M 89 2lR mn 3 1:fl2l_YM 98 2lR t,M 102 2lR mn 4 1:fl21_,15M 92 2lR1_,M
1 I
1 eJ.<:;- t1 t::),) ~ 1 0 l 11 ~
115
PROEUS DARA
MNJ't}Hu MNJU6
[
105 132 98
m 61 1
m612
r132os
1 631
89
63 89 102 m613 98 102
0 • m614 92 9o
'i:flSH1H:Il'i5 2 X 4
'i:fl2bllt:iltl 4 X 2
... .,.
i~~~~ ij~filaqt6l~?iM6119Jl'i:fl2MtuJ 10 2lAff12n~~ 20 2lAff12n~i:HiJ'tl 2~
1 I 1
I Q f!J~ II Q) C::. I 0 t'\:) fl Ql
1.2 LUili9l8#1Lritu
n. ihtjnH\P!J : 'ihtjtutE:lru'i:fl2m~il~~HJt~'S~IiJ2J &2lgmTlm 'ihtjtu!iJ2J
m~ &ttl ru o '1
o = [o o] , 0 = ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~l
l~ 0 0 0 ~J
rnttlti3x5
A = [1 - 3l
5 7 J 'i:fl2 2 dHE:ln
1.!
2~ 2 d~nua 1.!
116
PROEUS DARA
r;UTlmilll0hlbn]fflffli:ltf:hru
10 0
r/ 10 0 0 1
0 10 0
1= 010 1= 0010
00 1
000 1
2. i5~~6e~re~i~~
2.1 ll1U9nnrum
.... ct
, b 21 = 12 , b 22 = -5 , b 23 =6 r;mg &f:'it:fl
d1 gu t9i ifl~g
LJ
hlrlH hl,...,m mrn runifl~g
LJ
hlmi:l rla'tll2 rnf:htitlumsi:l'tll2m~H'i~
u "'
ffl!: hl
tlJ "' ._.
u
r:Dh~'l
0 ' 0
rutfTH'ii!Hu 1
2 9]
M =
l •
ffilJhl
c 23 0 9 ]
12 -5 n 4
a 18 2 32
~
M = N mrnrun c =2
N =
[
23m
12 b 6 4
15 18 2 32
, m = 0 , b = -5 , n =6
a
Sh a = 15
0 ' 0
rutmn?uu 2
2. [ 3 -5 6l 2h [ 3 -5 6]
14 8 -2J 41 8 -2
n. a 0~
[ 12 d
-
-
[512 -3bJ m"" a = 5, b = 0, d = -3
117
PROEUS DARA
"' ""
i~~~fi 1 HHH~ " a, b, c Sib d d5 [ac 2bl6 = [-2d
4
dl
3a
i~~~fi
"" "" 2 " 0 ~
~fin t'i:HHG~tH m Hu'e.filt12'eti5") 21b ~LJ'fl'e :
~ u
m. [X9 -2 J [5c -2
-8J
R.
[:] = [H] y =
3 4 3 d
"
1:2rl'i§: M N S " ~
[;2'i§2l M N S
1<11
u Q) Ql II Q) Q)
II Ql Q) II C\'1 ~
ti=itn2ffi'ig
L;
M~ runbct runct bli r; si f2n-e: Sb f2~ 2l I <f1
u Ql ~ II C\'1 Ql
N = 20 + 28 = 48 N = 25 + 21 = 46
s= 25 + 20 = 45 s = 23 + 30 = 53
ihi? t\5~ runbd rund rn n5~15Vlb rl ~ f2 'fi
118
PROEUS DARA
A+O = -;
[~ ~~J
O+A = io o ol +
lo o oj
[2 -3o 4] = [~ -: ~J
1 -I
2 nh'in-etii
"' G
s-eru
1u
'1
1 1
hlJS"' 9Hinnn
"" hlJS"' 9Hilnnn
tl II
l1Q
PROEUS DARA
ffit m
"'
woo- 8so = I5o hll21 9 2: in~ m
"'
6oo- 48o = 120
cl cl
~~g hlJ2 500-450 = 50 ~ ~ g hlJ 2 300 - 280 = 20
""'
9a9nnn 100-80 = 20 g ~ ""'g n n n 200 - 1so = so
u u
c~m 2 [1000 soo wol_ [850 450 80J = [1000- 850 500-450 100-80 l
600 300 200j 480 280 150 6oo- 480 3oo- 280 200- 1soj
t~hlHhl~ A B =C
120
PROEUS DARA
!JtnffJUuJJ ~?l§Jifltj n5 A = [
2 3] '1 ?1 rul Slifltj n5 A+ A = 2A
1 -5
~?Jma A+A = 2A 5
= [~ ~ ] + [~ ~5] = [~ -~o] = [~:~ ~(::J
3
A = A+ A+ A = [~ ~5] + [~ ~5] + [~ ~5] = [~ -~5]
3x2 3x3J
- [3 X} 3(-5)
d5 k mcraa~rHS"Jg kA = 2
[k x k x 3J
= [2k 3kJ
IJ k X 1 k(-5) k -5k
.. .,
?1 rul Sl'i:lllJ n5
ruunriJ:'hu if11gn5
G
A Uin mrhmrinh'tl1Utntr:Hut'l5n'i:3mab
Ul.......,L.; L.Jt..;
n'tm~d Slm tUff"IHsi
(\1 wt ""' """-!)/)
121
PROEUS DARA
9 -24]
, B = -9 14 , C =
[
-7 9
2.4 lfi~n.nisfht'ht9ru
'lo9mmhlhl2
GV -...., 1
ts46lti9
U
1 = 18(7) + 12(4) + 11(2) = 196
l:sl6lti9
u
2 = 18(6) + 12(5) +II (2) = 190
~o9mmhltnri
GV ..._,
ts46lti9
U
1 = 16(7)+20(4)+ 10(2) = 212
tsl6lti9
u
2 = 16(6) + 20(5) + 10(2) = 216
122
PROEUS DARA
tu ti 2 ""
fiti91 ""
fiti92
u u
~~ [ 18 12 11 J tu [ 7
t fiJi 16 20 10 ti 4
2 2
nti'9I ""
fiti92
u u
np [18(7)+12(4)+11(2) 18(6) + 12(5) + 11 (2)]
tft.li 16(7)+20(4)+ 10(2) 16(6) + 20(5) + 10(2)
ts-Jgttl0l2 AxB=P
f 18
16
12
20
II)]
10
18( 6) + 12(5) +II (2) l
1 18
~ 16 [ 16(7)+20(4)+ 10(2)
18
123
PROEUS DARA
ltl [9700
ln [900
t~ n rung 600
700
500
500]
400
X
t'lu
u
T~
'i§fiJ'i§ 2
4
=
&~ n rung 6800
10200]
7200
ih~ tu ti:j rum sri rul ::n mb tlJ t'uuts gHlu2jrlbm t~rl nmni ~~ tutffiUDJt&l tuto
9700$ SbDJt<ut~tirun'l§ 6800$ atrulntlt~rlnmnithlltmgtuto 10200$ sbDJt<u
t~nrun'l§ noo $ '1
~a<I 1 sb~tumstia
1 <I
0 '1
1 1
.. #::9
3. ~~, i61""
!llllffltnfll t~ma'ihjj to A = [~ ~] ~ ~ B = [-I~ -i] th'ihjj r.lffltO eli tllll2 '
rirul2l AB Sb BA '1
AB = [3 4l [
1
= l1 ol
1 zj - 21 2J lo 1j
-:l = I sb BA =[\ [3 4l =
- 2 2J 1 2j
-:l !1 ol
lo 1j
=I
t?lRrul~tuHtu~ : A- dlih~tutmtutaih~tu A
1
'1
126
PROEUS DARA
""
2. &15 AM = (ad- be)/ tmg I = ad 1 beAM (ad- be ;e 0)
1
tf::lltTI AB = I , AB = - db AM
a - e
B _ _ l_M _ _
- ad- be - ad
1_ [d -blJ
be -e a
""
&15 MA =(ad-be)/ , 1 1 b MA
= a- -d e
1
tf::ll tl5 BA = I , BA = a- -d
b e MA
B = _1_M = _l_[d
ad- be ad- be -e a
-blJ
f::ltHS8
u
ttl AB = BA = I tS18 B = _ l _ [d
ad- be -e
-blaj
127
PROEUS DARA
1. 9ssruill:H.fHudt!ls'i:H15tiinmm
OS ct (3-ct 1J tn .......:>
t~'ftHu~ntl=lrnRmt'UlQlS
1 t_:,
C!l iJ
160 til1 tfi'intHJ'l~
lJ .....
125 til~
I U
~ eJ _...:t;':i "'"r3c;f I eJ eJ eJ Q
stHun 210 til1 '1 t~1ttHru1~ tl=lillilfilt'UlQlS 145 tn~ tfi~ilum~ 130 til1 sh
1 Cl /) L:, .....
u
wn 275 til1 2h'ftan9n'iillRAlt'UlQlS 120 till tfi'iilum~ 155 t'il~shwn 325 til1 '1
1 "' tJ () lj
u "" I
2. [ 1 8
13 21
9l +
~
[! ~J 8
5 10
B =
9 12j
-9 14 c = [4 - 9
3 10j
l sh D _ [ 5
-13
1l
sj
[
-7 9
il. 3A + B 2. B- A+ C 1:1. 2C+5C-4D
mnh:nhtLAl1:3 :
ilS&ilh
u .... 'e~NJUIN dStiH9N
"
ttH ftli e<~ 205 160 70
"'
"t~ffi9fiJ
"' 310 200 65
128
PROEUS DARA
2. mt~nihn2Ql::lmntl2ll::ltrnmffitjhl N '1
I
c = [12 4J
-9 m
n. t:irnlS"l A
2
sb [ 1
~fjrumffit_?fDLffihlt2 A
8. tt:12Jffitjhl A = [
2 lJ B = [3 -1] '1 t:irnlS"l
-5-4 -1 1
1
n. AB Sb (ABr
-I
, B
9. ~ nffitj fU x ~fj ru :
129
PROEUS DARA
n. IMI = 2
4 3
-3 = 6 + 12 = 18 sb M-
1
= ..!._ [3
18 -4 2j
3l = r~ ~1
2 1
9 9
1
INI = - 4 14
1010
= (-4)(10)-14(10) = -180 sb N-1 = __
I [w
180 -10 ( -4 )j
-I4l = [- 18 ;o]
..!._ ..!._
18 45
= X = M- 1N ( ttmg IX =X)
130
PROEUS DARA
ft. tfi't:fHH\HHil~'i:fl'[J tU YM =N
dJtfifirul rJ2l·IH'tnHb 21:3tl5'1 h~ tU~ill~ffi'ig tU2b M-
1
tS'H tfiQlS
1 nAu G
1
( tLmg MM- =I)
= y = NM-1 ( &Lmg YI = Y)
a1 b1 c1
tfiQlS a 2 b2 c2 = a 1b2 c 3 + b 1c2 a 3 + c 1a 2 b3 - a 3 b2 c 1 - b3 c 2 a 1 - c 3c 2 b 1
a3 b3 c3
PROEUS DARA
1 2 3
6 -3 5
-4 0 -1
- - -
l 2 3
/?f/
( 2
1 2 3
~XX/ 6 -3 5 = 3 40+0-36-0+ 12 = -61
6 -3 5 6 -3
/XX~ -4 0 -1
-4 0 -1 -4 0
"~~
+ +, +
a 1 b1 c1
a 2 &2 c 2 = a 1b2c 3 +b 1c2a3 +c 1a2b3 -a 3b2c 1 -b 3c2a 1 -c3a2b 1
a3 b3 c3
~: '1
h3 b3 c3
:r:
a3 3 3
'1
:]:3 3 3
132
PROEUS DARA
1Hs
1 n
~Hm ts nS'e
~ u lJ
t15<J ffiUM rusb rn W!ti9 t1:l rtHnnhlntsi
1
1:l13dl
u
~ ~
~:umg b 1
1
b1 'i:flSMml - ~
dlmfitSl
1
dH1:ln9
1.1
1 2bdHliH9
1.1
2 , 1 + 2 = 3 i:MM
~] miiltj MHI:da [
m1 l mifltjMn~sr;d~
~ ~ ~
m2J
t?iq_15'i:fl'[J MLmhltS'i:fl'[J hlbt39M r; ij"ejt WI gln.n ru M'i't m~iiltj Mr; s g
C)) II U
t1:lt9a'i'trul~tsiiltjM [a b~ ~ 1
a2 b2J
dlt1:lt9a@rul~tsifltjM [a ml t1:lrnm~@Stt3Sdltt39MtS
1 1
y
a2 m2J
133
PROEUS DARA
' y = ';-------;'
m1 b 1 c1 a1 m 1 c1 a1 b1 m1
mz bz Cz az mz Cz az bz mz
m3 b3 c3 a3 m3 c3 a3 b3 m3
X= 'y = 'z =
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
az bz Cz az bz cz az bz Cz
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
0 • 0
ruunfif!U
ll
3x+7y=-6 4x-5y= 13
n. 2.
{ 4x-2y = 26 { - 8x +lOy = 18
x+ 2y + 3z = 2 2x + 2y + 2z = 0
1!1.
j - 2x + y + 2z = l
4x- y = 3
ill.
j- 2x + 5 y + 2z = 1
8x+ y +4z = -I
134
PROEUS DARA
n. {
3x + 7y = -6 tl=iQl2 D =
3 7
= -34 , Dx = -
6 7
= -170 ,
4x-2y = 26 4-2 26 -2
D =
y
3 -6
4 26
= 102
_ Dx _ -170 _
X------5
D -34
y =D
_l'
D
102
= - = -3
-34
4x-5y = 13 4 -5
2.
{ - 8x+ lOy = 8
tl=iQl2 D = =0 13 -5 = 170 "'0
-8 10 8 10
4 13
Dy = = 32 + 104 = 136 "'0
-8 8
L:Hi
u
t 2 g 1'i.Hl2
LJ
<I
cs3
""
n5'i:HflHfl 2 tH'tH1J
..-f)
""
6\J
t R n1 t ~ -61 till
"" QJ m _48 = -5 ,., 13
10 18
x+2y+3z = 2 1 2 3
R.
j- 2x + y + 2z = 1
4x- y =3
tl=iQlS D = -2 1 2
4 -1 0
= 12 ,
2 2 3 23 1 2 2
Dx = 1 1 2 =4 , Dy = -2 1 2 = -20 ' Dz = -2 1 1 = 20
3 -1 0 4 30 4 -1 3
4 1 -20
X=-=-
12 3
y =-
12
= 53- '
z = -
20
12
5
3
"" ,
= - dltH'i:HiH2'i'i.Hl2 hl'tH1U
l_j cJ
6\J
<I ""
2x + 2 y + 2z = 0 2 22 0 22
ill.
j- 2x + 5 y + 2z = 1 tl=iQl2 D =
8x + y + 4z = -1
-2 5 2
8 14
=0 , Dx = 1 52
-1 1 4
= 0
2x+2y+2z = 0
+ 1 + 3!
-2x+5y+2z =1 , x=---
7
7y +Az = 1
\
~m2gfH~f1HltH~2HnH2Lun~w-thm?t x ==
1
;
31
, y = 1 ~ 41 , z = z
135
PROEUS DARA
an rusnHth~nil~na~m.li'l
61 Gt ~J
~ r;9i1mg
t_;
Ms~ruc:~
U
rmhrnni::ltHn
U ct
~i::l bl.Hsi tmli~ runci~2 M2
I
tn~ru m~ x mt3~sl::l~tsm~~nt{jJ~t94tyt9MtG
"'
t,~~U.5fl1
... tJ:'il:flSLuwli 2 ~[::Jrnty~tis~ruc:ll:fl2~nM~nLn!::l1ML01fi 5 msr;urn 2~
u ~:Uirut3ssMSn
r;ilrn 1J
5 ms n~1U~ti9
c:ti l.)
1 r;~s~t3ssMSn
~ l.J
10 ms n~1U~ti9
ct
6V lJ
2 '1 t~n~
c:t
1
GV
1 1
Ill!» Q) I 11 ~ I 0 U Ql)
'!'U~'U9
lJ
1 l:flSMSn 5 ms 'USlSMSn?
1""
10 ms fiSS'USlSMSn?
G\1 1J ~~ 6V 6\1
1 1 1
136
r PROEUS DARA
0 •
=ilSimfi
-1 1 2 1 -1 3 -1
n. 4 1 o 2. 4 3 ~. 0 4 l
3 6 -2 0 5 2 5 -2 -3
t218t~fim~rufitfi
GVU
3ooo ~ lib
ct
lkg 2h f'~drufitn
GV
5ooo ~ lib lkg '1 dH~mmd1:fls
GVll.J 6\1 c:$
1 I
ti1....21 2 ~t~nuffl'i3
i.J
2h fiuli
u
21 2 ~ ~t'~Uffl13
1.... i.J
?
u u
5. t~{jbttJ~ru'lilitStlU88thlSb
u 1.1 ....
20 U88'9
w
1 thlSb~bli'lilitSU88'9
.... u 1.1
2 sb'9 3 thlsb
....
UJh'S~ru')tSL~tfflllil '1
1
X+ y = -6 X+ 2y = 5
2. ~-
{ 2x y = 2 { 3x-15 = -6y
2x + 3 y + 2z = 14 x+2y-3z = 10 - 2x + y + 3z = 2
lli. 4x+2y-z = 15 h. 4x+y z = -10 G. x-7y 3z=-4
{ { 4x-2y-6z = 1
x+ y + 2z = 8
13x -7y + 2z = 5
1'2'7
PROEUS DARA
1 2 -3"
lli. 5 4 7 1jiHirul6H1Hh'iH2ffi1J n5 '1
0 ' 0 '" .. .,
[
II 0 -13
c = lo
l8 -2oJ '1
2x 3y = -4 X+ y = 1
n. 2.
{ 5x+7y = 1 { 2x + y = 3
x- 2y + 3z = 4 4x+2y+7z = 35
f:i. 2x + y- 4z =3 m. 3x + y + 8z = 25
1
-3x+4y-z = -2
15x + 3y + z = 40
7. Sl1t9iGJl~9QJnnrlt~~jtqMlitymt~ '1
u
trnn'9 1 Ui Ikg shnnrltm
Sl19QJ1:flS 3kg
2kg urunruHn1ttnRU~2 90 mstDrn trnn9 2 Sl19QJ1:fls 2kg Ui Ikg shnnrltm
3kg firunruHn1trnRn~2 94 mstDrn t'lfirutrnn'9 3 9QJ1:fls 3kg Ui 2kg sbnnrl
tmikg urunruHn5tmRu~2 84 msttlrn '1 t~nnrlffis L~ shnnrltm Ikg t~~[l2
mstDrn ?
138
PROEUS DARA
t 2i fib
"j
d r1U fit 2 g tl!1m'i.h~'B
61
t\1 fiJl rl'U m ihH15 i:tl2
~61U ct
t 2 rn@~ ~h'i'U'i:fHlJll
l_j
ih rn rn@~ ftl rn
dl'B ttiJlOl ru ~ hl~ 2ML'Hlli ruJl2 t gi hlfiJl'U t;£ ~' 2 t d~ t l ~hL'U'Hl n.n1u &rn t tl1 t l t2 ~ 91!11§ 2 '1
umti?l g g rnm2umfl rn~~ nJ'h~ shu n1i s fib ff1~1!1 n.n m rn~~ t t!1 t~ t1!1sh fficrt'itiot n.n g
~ 1J ~ 61 "l l_j
Ala h1fin~~
\f'
~ m r1 M~Ufflu mh ~ 21!11§
I
2ftj ~ 91 s mru '1'B1J ruo s1J 2 ffl~ t:1 n.n m ~ t'B~flm'Hl
6V
~ t'i§""
~UJUH:fl ffl~ 1!1 n.n Sl [bl)~ 2 'SB rn Sl &tfl rut rn ftj fits gt gi t gJ ~ t 1!1 ruJl2 &gi 'LU Lffi'U mh
Ala~ 21~
1 51
2ii h~ fd &2 g ffiu~GV ll'i5 m1
a
b §Hill
U
m
.........,
fi ~~"' 2rut r1 ........,
m trnm ~h nnHu
lJ
"""'-!)
ttmd 2
1
" .,. <;I 0 <;I .,. 0 9 0':>
tSI!1M~l 9Jlmmgl 9JlnflL~sh ffl~ttllgLnnrumrungucrp~g Qhw 1fflrJ1_15mt~ '1
1
139
PROEUS DARA
2
lim (x + 2x 3) = 5 '1
X-> 2
"' et 2 9 0
!lflltntnn 2 tf:i~H~fi'i:i2 f(x) = :.::- mmg x ¢3 '1
3
'
X_,. ,.,_
• X
0 3 X
140
PROEUS DARA
0 '
rutmtlt:ia
0
n. mti
u ....., mntl n &'tl r; ru2 :n iHLill'tl
t r1 m G\J
:
2. ffl man
....., lim -
x->0 X
l
stJ lim -
x->0 X
1
(x > O) (x < O)
2. m'tlmdltlnt'tltru29 <SV
1 r; f'H<H tl n
n ....., mmru run
r;lli m x runn&'tl~d'l:fls
G\Jts-
. 1
tnthvl'1m29umti
... l><
'1 E:Wr;GJg
u
tt1Ql2 1Ill -
x->0 X
= + CXl
x>O
2. Mi1Lilltiff1tl g(x) = x + 2
2
""
n.nruffl mm
....., lim g(x)
x-> 1
14.1
PROEUS DARA
lim f (x)
x-s-a
= x-)oa
lim c = c
limf(x)
x->a
= x->a
limx =a tf:lrn f(x) = x
lim[f(x)·g(x)] = limf(x)·limg(x)
x-->a x-a x-;..a
. f(x)
1Im-- = xlimf(x)
->a ~'i5
,[img(x)"'O
x---> ag(x) limg(x) x _,.a
x-->a
f:Hl.fl21 ~1H§~~~ tl_,fil1:3
n. lim (3 + x)
x--->1
4
2. lim(3/) = lim3·limx = 3·lim(x·x·x·x)
x->2 x->2 x-2 x->2
= 3x_,..2
lim x · lim x · lim x · lim x
x->2 x->2 x__,..2
4
= 3 . 2 . 2. 2 . 2 = 3 . 2 = 48
(Jf
~6ntnUU1 2
2
n. lim (i- 3/ + x + 1) 2. Jim X -X + J '1
x-1 x--->3 X 2
3 2
fi. lim (i- 3/ +X+ 1) = x-->1
Jim x - lim 3x + lim X+ Jim J
x->1 x-;..J x->1 x->1
142
PROEUS DARA
s
tUffl~Htin tlffl):) t'Ub'i:JlS ru@ fi OJ SJ t Sl g t J:1Ln~):) rul Sl ff"l'!§dtm s ~1321 b tgn'!§
u
rutm~iia J:1rr.nSlru@n21htLm'!3
_ . x 2 + 5x+ 6 . (- 6 ) '1
3x+ -
n. 11m 2 -4
0
<?. 1llll
x->-2 X x-2X-2 2-x
x->
2
x +5x+6 _ (x+2)(x+3)
-4 - (x+2)(x-2)
x+3
X
2
lim x + Sx + 6 = lim x + 3 = - 2 + 3 = _ !
X-> -2 _ 4 X -> -2X - - 2- 2 4
2. lim(~+-6-) =lim(~ - -)
6
tt:lrn'i:JlS lim(x-2) = 0
x->2 x-2 2-x x""'"2 x 2 x-2 x->2
. m
II ( 3x- +6-)
x->2 x-2 2-x
= lim23 = 3
X->
"' ""
~~~H5~ Rrul Sl ru@n21tl tLFfl'e
2
2 . 3} -x-4 ., . 2x - Sx + 3
n. lim[(i+4x+2)(3 x 2. lim ••. 1Im 2
x-1
)]
x->-2 (2x +
?
sr x- 1 x +x-2
143
PROEUS DARA
2 X
""
b'i5x>0
dj xsO
lim f(x) '1
~- t?l'i:f!S lim
+
f(x) =0 sb lim f(x) =0
x->0 x......;..Q
i:jtHS8
u
lim .f(x) = lim f(x)
-
=0
x -:.. o+ X ->0
144
PROEUS DARA
§ px + l ""
t'i5 x< 2
n. tf:i u f(x) = l-x+8 ttl x;,2
f:irulffi limf(x)
.:r-.!> 2
stl lim f(x) '1
x->2 +
X •••••.
2
y =X ·•····
lim i = + oo '1
lim
X-> -CO
i = + oo '1
\45
PROEUS DARA
X 10
1
y =- X
0,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 0,00001
2 4 5
X -10 10 -103 -10 -10
y = X-1 -0,1 -0,01 -0,001 -0,0001 -0,00001
ffi'iHllri~H'ih:Hru2'9 1 ~tmli
GV
""
mx tjjn£1 h:J~
GV[&
dl:fl2 ms fnrhm '1 ms
__..
g'ij mti
b.
tSl g
~2?1'!:3s
1
y = X~ l:fl2nt'!:3~dl:flsmS&'nnm94'1nmMtu2'i
u
GV t& ... u u
'1
f:irulSltU~n lim x
x->-co
3
sb lim (-2x
x->+oo
3
) '1
3
lim
X --> -CO
i = ( lim x)
X --> -00
= - oo
3
lim (-2i) = -2( lim x) =- oo
x-->+cc x-->+co
lim _!_
x->::toox 2
sb lim
x-)>
4
'1
lim
X-> ±CO
± = ( lim1 X)
i 3
=0
X-> :!:CO
146
PROEUS DARA
2. lim (-3/)
X-'>±CO X-> ±CO
?
lim (x-- x + 1) '1
X-'>+CO
2
lim (x -x+l)'i:f12dl-b{h~Rrul6ioo-ootLmg
2
djx_,.+oo &Sl8 lim x =+oo
x-+oo x~+oo
X 2-x+l =X 2( 1--+-
1 1)
X 2
X
2 2
lim (x
x->+co
- x + 1) = lim X = +oo
1
lim
x->+co
=0 '1
X-> ±CO
x~-co
2x+ I
=---= , xo<O
x-2
PROEUS DARA
- dtma9 2
I
2+-
2x+ 1 X 2
lim
.r~->+oo X-
lim
x-+ oo l
=2
1--
X
n. lim
4-x
X +co - 1
2. lim~= 0
x~-oox2+2
2
,
H.
]"
Jm--
X -2
x->-ooX J
148
PROEUS DARA
u ~ • 0
tl':'ltnSHLff'lli tL'BliL'B rn'BBJ'B tSLtnnu fWJ rn
IJ
2 2
1'1R _ R(l3)-R(10) _ (13 +5x13) (10 +5x10)
1'1x- 13-10 - 3
84
1'1R = = 26 m2 taQ rnnh 1 tff'ls
1'1x 3 "!
2. ~nHLff'lliCL'BliL'Bbli'BBJ'BtSH~l':'l'BS f(x) = x
3
- 1 mrnnm x fLliL'Urn~
IJ IJ
a t94 a+ h '1
!49
PROEUS DARA
tUx tit1JliL'i:Hlirl
w
x1 = 1 &94 x2 =a sit sit
&Sl&&f:lQI2HLffilitL'i:j'i5'iJbli'i:jUJ'i:j
w
2 2
l'lP _ P(x2)- P(xl) _ P(a)- P(l) _ (a + 20a + 8000)- (1 + 20 x 1 + 8000)
l'lx - x2 - x 1 - a- 1 - a- 1
=(a-l)(a+1)+20(a 1)=a+ 2 l
a-1
~um~&sit l'lx nHitfi~G ( ~ l'lx_,O) &SlgHLmlitL'i:jti~rn'i:jtsJ'i:j ~ 2rinfifit1Z
"" 0 •
t'i..fl t15n rul fi MH M~ P'( 1) = 22 <J
0 • 0
ruuniHHII
3
an f( 1) = 1 = 1
..... f(l+h) f(l)
dn h
3 3
f(l+h)-f(l)- (l+h) -1
h - h
2
- (l+h-l)[(l+h) +(l+h)+l]
- h
2
= (l+h) +h+2
2
=(1+0)+0+2=3
150
PROEUS DARA
?
n. f(x)=-x-+4x n:rll_!'i~ x = -I
2. g(x) = x 2 -4x+ 5 tsll_!'i~ X =2
tl. y =X 3 - 2 t24Ui~ X =0
2 2
= h[(a+h) +a(a+h)+a ]
2
[I. l l f(a +h)- f(a) = . h[(a + h/ +a( a+ h)+ a ]
1!ill --'--'----'--:-'---'------"
h-0 h h-•0 h
2 2 2
'!:{ f'(a) = lim[(a+h) +a(a+h)+a ] = 3a
h~O
Q,) 0 I ?
ttrH55nrwl~HuHfi5J f'(x) = 3[ '1
o ~ o ~ cr 2
ruun~f!l'3 tt~~J~Ejt~'tls f(x) = x + 3x '1
n. ~n f'(x)
151
PROEUS DARA
2
lim f(x +h) f(x) _ lim 2xh + 3h + h
h o h h-o
= hlim0( 2x + 3 + h) = 2x + 3
->
nnHur1h~
u n
n. tt!hftaMIU1tH~td~
I
Ma~tiaMW~MblW
l JJ I
StH~t~ta)jru~nncraa&d~ah
I 1J
= c l:?'iOlS :
= hlim"-'---!-~-'-
()
= lim c- c = lim 0 = 0
/z->0 h->0
11 11
f(x+h) f(x) = (x+h) -X
m f(x) = X 11
~
tfrlg f'(x) = nx n-1
o cr o c:p cr
- mmg~S?'i'i:3Sdbli?'iM13SSI:G~Sb~S?'i'i:3S
1 I 1.J 1
: y = kf(x)
l:?'iOlS y' = lim kf(x +h) kf(x) =k lim f(x +h) f(x) = kf'(x)
h-0 h h->0 h
152
PROEUS DARA
n. y =8 n
o. }'=X
3
R. y
- 2007 3
n. y =- 2008 2. y = R. y = Sx 5 '1
0 ~ ~
- mmgdrnums~BR1:Hl
U I
: y = f(x)+g(x)
tRfflb F(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= [f(x+h) f(x)]+[g(x+h)-g(x)]
y' = lim F(x +h)- F(x) = lim f(x +h)- f(x) + lim g(x +h)- g(x)
h->0 h h->0 h h->0 h
y' = f'(x) + g'(x)
- mmgd rn~ntS~SR132
1
: y = f(x)- g(x)
tRtilS y = f(x)+(-l)g(x) tS18 y' = f'(x)+[(-l)g(x)]'
R. y = x4 - 2
2x + 3x- 2 ttfiru91 man y'(O) '1
""'"'
153
PROEUS DARA
2
n. y' = (x )'+(4x)' = 2x+4 , y'(O) = 2x0+4 = 4
y'(O) ""
s~ y'(l) "ts y = 1x·3 -x 2 '1
3
- LHmHHli?irul&SHS?i'i:3S
0
I I
: " "'
y = f(x) · g(x)
&?iffl~ F(x) = f(x) · g(x)
= f(x +h)· g(x +h) g(x +h)· f(x) + g(x +h)· f(x)- f(x) · g(x)
. F(x+h)-F(x)
y' = F' (X) = 1lffi --'----:'----'---'-
h->0 h
. j"(x +h)- f(x) . "'-g('-x_+_h;-)-_,g"-'-(-'-x)
= hm ·g(x+h)+ hmf(x)·
h-0 h h-0 h
= f'(x) · g(x) + f(x) · g'(x)
..,
m y = f(x) · g(x) &S"H y' = f'(x) · g(x) + f(x) · g'(x)
0 • 0
ruUTHif:Uu ~
n. ?irulS"HwH1 I
"' y
y' ""S~ y'(-1) "&SHS?i'i:3S = x(x-!) '1
~
2. ?irulS"ltwH~ y' ""S~ y'(O) "&SHS?i'i:3S
"' y = (x 2 -2)(3x 2 +x) '1
1
154
PROEUS DARA
3 2
y' = 12x + 3x - 12x- 2
3 2
y'(O) = 12 X 0 +3 X 0 - 12 X 0-2 = -2 '1
"" , d 2 3
~. ~Hl.llSl y' 2h y(l) [2~2f:l'e2 y = (x -x+ l)(x· -1) '1
1
- G[mgdru&'unt2~2f:l'eS : y = f(x)
1 g(x)
[f:lfflh F(x) = f(x)
g(x)
[f:1Q12 F(x +h)- F(x) = f(x +h)- f(x)
g(x+h) g(x)
_ f(x+h)·g(x)-f(x)·g(x+h)
- g(x+h)·g(x)
_ f(x +h)· g(x)- f(x) · g(x) + f(x) · g(x)- f(x)g(x +h)
- g(x+h)·g(x)
_ [!(x +h)- f(x)]g(x)- [g(x +h)- g(x)]f(x)
- g(x+h)·g(x)
y' = 1imF
_ _,_x_+_h
_( 7 )_-_F-'-(x-'-)
h ->0 h
lim f(x +h)- f(x). g(x)- lim f(x). g(x +h)- g(x)
h
h-->0 h->0 h
= ~~------~--~~~~----------
lim g(x +h)· g(x)
h-->0
., , d
f:lrulSl[!::lHHs~~f:l-es~b[Lf'il'e :
n. y = X-1 ""
[tflliHn QJ ~ n y' ( -4) '1
2
~. y = X +1
X-
= (l-x)(2x + 1)
f:l. Y
3x-2
[tfl ru9l man '""'..!>
y'(O) '1
,_(l)'x-(l)(x)'_ 1 1 1
n. y - 2
- -
2 , y' ( -4) = - - - -2 = - - '1
X X (-4) 16
PROEUS DARA
2 2
2. y , = (_,_x_
~
_+_l~)'_,_(x_-_3~)_-~(x~_+_l~)~(x_-_3~)'
2
(x- 3 )
2
_ 2x(x- 3) (x + 1)( I)
0
(x 3t
2} -6x-x2 l
=
(x- 3
2
y' ( l ) = 1 - 6 X J - 1 = _ ~ = _ ~ '1
(1 3 4 2
""
t,~au;f!
. Fi. 1:1 M 21 ~ i':i1 t 1 y' ab y'(-1) "tSHSI:1'i:Hl y
c'
=-X '1
1 x-1
156
PROEUS DARA
b?'i~H~f.'i'i:3~
0
' 0 3
ruUTHH!1~ f(x) = 4x -12i+3 '1
u
'>
n. an6H'i:3 x 6\1
b~'l:3j~ f'(x) = 0 '1
'>
~- ail6H'i:3
6\1
x b~'l:3j~ f"(x) = 0 '1
~tHS& f"(x) =0
"' "'
i~~~~ y = -i+3x 2 2x+2
157
PROEUS DARA
0 '
=n5~ft =·-=====-=-==-==-=-...=====-"""-"""-""""""""""""""""""=
limf(x) = ........ .
x->0
2.
f(x)=i-2
X I-Ll -1.01 -1.001 -0.999 -0.99 -0.9
2
X 4
3 3
X -27 X + 64
'1.15. lim h. lim u. lim
x-3 X- X-> -4 x+4 x->2 X-
2 n n
2i-x J.o . x + 3x + 2 u. lim x -a (n?. I)
'1.15. lim 'W. 1liD
- 3x+ 1 x~-l -2x-3 x~a x-a
t~ ~n
2
R. f(x) = {25X -
3X X"'l '1 limf(x) sh f(l) '1
tti X "' I X-> I
2
0
x +ax+ b
6. n. JnuS1J S ""1:16'1 a sh b tij1:3j2J ;~I x-1 =5
2
2.
0
""
~nu~Sb\6'1 p sh q t'tj1:3j2J lim x + px 6
2
=9
x _, - 2 2x + 3x- 2
i-mx+8 I
0 ""
!:1. anuSSb\6'1 m
1J
sh n tij1:3j2J lim
X-> 2
=5
-(n+2)x+2n
158
PROEUS DARA
2
~- Hi'lR'HS
ct
g(x) =
{
x
ttl"" 0
X :S
1
2x tti x>0
~n lim f(x) lim f(x) sb lim f(x) '1
X-> 0
, . 3x 2
n. lim (i-3x+1) ~- lim (1 +3i+i) H. 1lffi - -
x->+oo X --r. -00 x-+ oo 2x + 3
2
4-x -2 X - l . 2-i
lli. lim-- b. lim -- G. lim ~- Inn--
x--ror+ 2 x-:oo 3x + 4 x-+.::too x -> -00 I -X
+1
2
-X +x+l x-3 l-2x
d. lim
2x + 1
ru5. lim m. lim
x-+oo x->+ oo
+1 "'-" X - -00
+x+l
9. Rrul2l&f::lH1&SH~R'HS~b&Lfl113
"" " ct
?
n. y = (2x+ 1)(4x-3) ~- y = (3x--l)(4x+ I) R. f(x) = x
X-
eJ "? e) C»
~ 1 t:::!J \:)- cf
: :! tl ufi5'i:HHt51'Hl'iH:HlJl
~ u Sl ttl H H 21-Hll:l'l:Hl
1
'1
niH<tH{)
q;
8 t 8 g tl:l stl t\Jnnri
tt'
m~» s1 l ~HH8
~
1
Ql 0 0 tiJQ)
1.
0 C). c:» cl
t?11:ll813llij13 M(xo, f(xo)) stl N(x, f(x)) tsltbl5Lff1156llhH9?1l§@ f '1
m ~ MN 'Hl8 tl§ ?1 rul1Q"ltl g f15 f(x)- f(xo) '1
c; 1 U X- Xo
~:ti8M13
1
N mn59nlium15 r:ffiru261o61 M r:s-1gm~
GV q;
MN mntvlln9mt~rn~61 MT
eJ 1 If c::p cf 1 0 t::'IJ
r:tlrnt'UTldl15Sl61158ShUR1156ntlHSI:ll§8
& 1
f U61h13rul13
I
M(xo, f(xo)) '1 ntlnlrult88
<;
tl§?lrul
I
1
. f(x)- f(xo)
m = x->x
hm
X- Xo
Y, m = /' (x0 )
0
160
PROEUS DARA
Y-Yo = f'(xo)(x-xo)
'i5 y = f'(x 0 )(x- xo) +Yo
"'-
o • o cr 3 ?
rutmritl3 H~l!'i~2 f(x) =X -X-+ 2 'i:fl2U11'li c '1
Q) tu«:p tO
2. mnft
~
L 'i:fl2mMWl'iQlU9hlthl
1 G ~
5 &Ulrutha~Ufll'li C '1
li. &l!'i'i:fl2 x 0 = 1 , y0 = 2
f'(x) = 3x 2 - 2x
2
f'(x 0 ) = f'(l) = 3 x 1 - 2x 1 = 1
Y- Yo = f'(xo)(x- Xo)
y-2 = l(x-1)
y = x+ 1 '1
&1!'1Ql2 3i 2a = 5
2
3a -2a-5 =0 •no<<«-<
a•""~·ua 1 =-
1 ,a2 = 53
3 2
- thm8a=-1 t218b=(-I) -(-1) +2=0
l:lmsg'l:flsfin.nm5dh
u 1
: (-I
,
o) 2~ (~3' 104
27
) '1
161
PROEUS DARA
.. y- 104 = 5 ( x- 5) ~
121 '1
y = 5x + 27
3
~e ~ :; C\1 • u c::p ~ ~ 2 !1
<..:>~'"ij~~ n. ~nfd'1:3ffUti~6iti82wLAltimw y =-X +x+3 jJlw X= 2 '1
Ql I II t::::r;l 3 ~ c::r;. I
"" fila y
tu'l:3 = 3x '1
fflmanm-Httllt2~20Mu1titurJ'I:3rut9Qnatlbti216'i
......, u 1 LJ "w c::
D 2b1filti
t.:. c '1
Y = f(x)
f dlli21:1'1:32tn2tsitmm2l&
1
e< "" ""
I '1:3rummruTJ
w ~ 0 X
Y = f(x)
>.---\
e< 2
til::nmm
l1l ......,
li21:1'1:32
1
f(x) =x
f(xJ . --~-
0
162
PROEUS DARA
~ ~ ~ ~
ii. ummm
lll"-"
y = x·' dlHSI:l132tii2dl28 '1
1 "'
c:» er 7 ctt::¥ o
2. tnH21:1132
1
y = I-x- dlH21:1132tiiS
1
1588
""- 1
mmg x>O '1
y y
b X
0 a X
tillmm
"-"
um64'lhiihHn52tJ,mumst13~:Hlil1Qlti9n.J~dms
~ l.J I 1...) t.!r
~mssrum f(x) > o ihmg
mm mQu1::lufflt1::l
U ct
~ 'l52164'th'2b1Al'l5
~ l.J
C-7 mb H 21:113
I
S88ffiS
I
&131=1I ru11Ql'f5g
1...)
hlH~dffiS
t.!r
PROEUS DARA
2 0 '
n:h ti5 I2x ;;;, 0 tH mg1J1'U X E IR
0 ' 0
rutJTHHUIJ 2
0
LHm8x>0'1
f'(x) = 2(m-l)x
1::. 1::. b d
3. ;f<nes~~ejeee;.nsjeS~Gejeu~HSi~~e
X -00 3 +oo
f'(x) + ~ ~ +
f(x) ~2~ ~
~ -2/
m'i:Hnn~:no~::~&ru &?Jms .f(I) =2 mnl~H~m'tfltw]tils t Lnci x = 1 cmru
f(3) = -2 ctlfit~ii'UJliaffitu]titS f Lfici X = 3 '1
164
PROEUS DARA
y y
----~v \ / = f(x)
/ : ' ( = f(x) -----~y
0 X
0
0 • 0
rntrrH'i f!Uu 1
0 2 +oo
+
f'(x) = - 3x 2 + 6x
tifJTis6 2 : Mnnn.mn
tt' €1'J
ts f'(x)
""' 2
mj'(x)=-3x+6x=0 ~3x(-x+2)=0 ~Slgx=O ,x=2
ffl'l:HflfltlnHTTl f'(x) = 0
~
unci x =0 tUltil f'(x) tiHtHTTirl-
u ~
t9i + '1
165
PROEUS DARA
0 • 0
rutmtHUII 2
or::» 2 !.,q
hl1:H1U 3x +6mx-m = 0 ffi2lihlblHO'iwffl
"'
t::J)
u ru8H11&61
r_:; ct 1
eJ
11' = 3m(3m+ 1)>0 '1
I
3 0 +co
mE(-oo, -~) U(O, +oo) : I -00
+ +
~"(x 0 )>0~
~o)=O
: f"(x 0 ) < 0
0 xo 0 x0
f msH~mmtuJu f ffi2HliJmmmJu
166
PROEUS DARA
f'(x) = 3x 2 24x
" ""
snynHEHi51:Hm f'(x) = o
f'(x) = 3/ 24x =0
3x(x-8)=0 GS18x=0 ,x=8
r::» 0 ~ '=' ~
SnGl::lH~ f"(x) mmgyfds~ru')tShJ'tlnU f'(x) =o
f"(x) = 6x-24
- t3tm& x = o tf:lms f"(O) = -24 d) Gffi ru y = f(O) =o
~msg f l:flSH~m·t:mtlJliLnci x = o tffirunt~H~ml:llmJti f(O) =o
- mm&
0
x = s Gf:lt:flS f"(8) = 24>0 t'Ulru ""
y = f(8) = -256
lf\7
PROEUS DARA
0 aO 1 0 cJ eJ Ql q
ruUTHH'l3 tt1ti5ii[Jlt'fHuLfilM~liH!lbnbthmta tr:Hlil:fl2Lm~bUlbt~ lOcm 13ntgm
1
i'UWi513 ti5 ftHlHil8 t1i13'U 9 tt1fil~ ti5ii tum 8 ~ illtHiu '}'U 8 [f:Hlil:fl8~'U [1 bitlb x( em) tlu fi1
lJ 1.1 __, lJ ""'U U 1.1 lJ l.J U ot
1
rl [d iiR mli ilb'U 8 t 8 JilbUn tll n5 ttfi ti5'U~ [d ii [tl ~l.H 84 n5 rn§Hn2th1'i5Htl13 ti5 l:fl2 nb ttl
"' u 1.1 "' "' eJ LJ 1.1
0 •
fHlhl
2
j (X) = ( 10 - 2x) X X
= 4x 3 - 40i + lOOx
2 2
11 = 20 -4(3)(25) = 100 = 10 5
X 0
XI=
20 - 10
-6- = 3
5
'
x
2
= 20 +6 10 = 5 +
"' . 5
f l:fl8Hnml:f1Lnb x =
3
= ( 10 2X ~) 2 X ~ = 2000
3 3 27
~m2g L'UHtll:fl8l:fl~th5~n mrnruntt1ti5ii x = ~em 9
L'UHtll:fl2l:fl~iiu~n ~~0 cm 3
2
C» 0 c:p eJ- 0
n59f1b13ti5G'Uiiiib
1 i.J" 1.1 "'
thlill
<!
R '1
1
168
PROEUS DARA
f'(x) = 3x2 - 6x
~ ~
X -00 0 2 +oo
f'(x) + + y
~0 --------~ ~
4
-1 0 2 3
f(x)
X
1h0
OLL
n
n u 1
h ~:J~n~YWl~:JPJ~m W BlfU~Hl.H:J~WU:lfU~[.B:J~l ·~
h YRrnW1:J~LS~ Z :lfU~[.B:J~S~~BLSt ~~ :lfU~[.B:J E,
W BLnWS:ISrr~U:JYt
oc..~ ·y
hYRrnw1:J~LS~ 1 :lfU~[.Bl or+J6+zJ9-sJ =x mrnlA.B
I .j:l, c--.. M !:> 119 M I 1'1
Sl.f!, W BlfUB h 1YHill~LlWBlSSB~LSfiill:J[.B:JBPJLPrnR W BlfUB ~!;! ~ Uf!,ru
0 (;J l Lt) 0 I tf:::l tf:::ll 0
0 ' 0
I :lfU~[.Bl W Sls[ruHPtlf1:J (J)J = ;; = J1 SL.lJ~l
J"y o-rv JV O-IV'
(J)j' (lV+J)j' run = xv run = J1 ~l..!J~:J8LS:J O.,_IV ~:J
IV lV
(J)j'- (JV + J)j' = XV
rn[J:l:J~UU¥ JV+J [..6:1 J :lfU~!,l W StRrBRS[rul
(!)./ =X
I
rntJ:ll~UJrnt.m t S:JSR~SHI..P
"" ... ,
J
x sLJJ~l8LS:J YRrnw1:~~LS~ 1 !,lf1LSn
IV+ I 0
ru u :J ~ M
""""~(- JV .... w slmrnmBLP x Yrn~:J~:J h rnR 1
!:> 1\9 M I
(JV+J)j' (J)j' - X 0
mrnlA.B ~LS11Wll-Sl~~LPrnR W BUUp
w
'"""'(
(i)j' (JV + J)/
.. ~Y1~rus~~~ltru~ ·s
G B:ln~nmtrupsm l- zxT + sxt- t-XT = ,( ~UJnw1~j -~
h X9 X= l ~l..!J~U:!:Jfbs:J~fitfJlrufJYg ·y
Z t (";) (\,I 0
"'
.y~~~1
I .j:t I l II
h fJSR~SH~l..!J~U:!H~lSl~fitBlfUBI..P
(.) C..
( L 'O)J BlfUB 8SW[:J I 0 0
"'- II
h I = (0 )l = A ' 0 =X g W jfJ h 0
0
=X ~ lZ ~ PJ [.B :1 uJJ PJ t n ,/
X9 = ,/ S1,~PJtfY~ f~11unp
() = X gl_Sj 0 = X9 = ,/ l~sunp
+ d
oo+ 0 - oo-1 x ' ""
X9 = ,/ s- zxs = ,l r~sunp m~ln
1'1
h [+X( x = l ~UJ ~w:~f~Hll~nwtruBYE E!;! ~ Uf!,ru
t (:I e._ I 0 0 • 0
PROEUS DARA
ILl
1\!) l "'
h tH\l UJ Sl.O ru L!H1HJ H1E P-H £H1J LA.£HH ·m
~~ I f)
.,I "
h WLYtJHnrut{W[-SH~ruruLOru~=J:Jruu:~:rnt1H
0 1;:)1 f) I
·y
l.S I l.S l.S "
h gLS:J.NR!:JWtrnm:~ ~~HtrueruRW[-SH~rurul.Oru~=J:~ruu:~:rntwt
I 'i;::J
~ 0 1 I f (;j
·e
h gLOHLY!JrnLY1l~LS~ I !Jf!,LBP.. fUl.OSls[rul!:Jt ·w
I>
h ~Pl
l
('t;l> I 0 'i;::J I ltJ
Ll 19·6r + z: t6·v- = s .Nl.l!:J[-S:l~~rul.O wRrnLY1lBL.St~ 1 ruu:~:rntt{Y h s;U!(9)"6I = o.1
fl~ j s [ru j s LA.rn lSJ Hrru ru ~ fl~ un ~j tfQ3 j ~ Pl!J rn EfU l.O gl.Oj!;:lj ~ ~!!! ~1
n
~ n u 1 n
h .q = 1 :mH~~~1YltfP..~=J!:Jru:J[Jll.N6m w BUUB gsw~=J
I 0 tt:::J ~ 0
"'" n rr "'"
sy =' :uue~~1 1 ~ww:~Uijwd'l A s~ru:~ Uijrut{IJ~R~
£ = I ' I = J gL.Sj
+ q + A
0 = 6 +Ill j£ =A nl
oo+ c ""
i£ 0
"'" n n
~, A slUijruLf'w~~~1Y:~uru:uue[-S:l!Jl:lru~tn w LPtf~r§rfl~j
5:$ a rr a l
h U.UP-Hn A s~ru:~ururuU:! !Jl:l.N~m w Buup ·e
£- = 6+ZXZT- 2 ZX£ = (z) = /\ Sl.O!;:!j sz =I :UUt:[-8:1-
~ = 6+ (i)n Jf)t: = (~)A Sl.OY:J s~ = 1 : uu t:[-8:1 -
6+JZT- 21£ = ,(0!+16+ 219-lJ) =;;=A Sl.OY:l
.,.
h WRrnU:!1:J (s)J !Jf!,LBA w sls[runp A !;{~ ·w rnf.:JD
IJf gs{paJ TJ yfJp
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
() .
= re~ ~ =-··=·--=··===··=·=···=-··=····====··=···"'=··-·=·····=···=··-=·-="'..·=···-=···=--======
"" <'
r;!:fl ruq_,uLmumbH~?l'i:32 f '1
n:Hl.11.HLf'ilti c
f
n. ln~1H'flm~61 L
2. ~n~'i§ma~su:::n~ugiJbr;:;ng '1
~
7. »~?J'i:3S f(x) =i 2
+ 3ax + 3bx + 2 'i::flSH~m'i::flm]uU1~ x =
lj1tJ X = 2 '1
8. »~?1'1:32 f(x)
<'
=X
4
+29
"'
sb g(x) = 4x 3 'i::fl2Lfflli cl "'sh c2 •
'1 15~61 D
"
L~liHnJ
172
PROEUS DARA
tt:ifil£'i runtu m
~
n td fi'i~~
u finu rrHnhu S
q u
~u~tfilrtfl 1
lis'Jffl '1
I q
tt:J'liritdntsihlru§'imsm'i'liHth~rut't:Jru
q U U 1J
10. d'tlru~msmfinn'tlM
_..IJ I £1
88.2 GU
t~,h~fil'ijghlrnJanhf::ii'tlntd~
U <I
'1 5tlaru:tnru
~
t1Sl'9t'ifilli5
W
1
n. t~nharu:t
q
nruli21
1....
s1 219 t'ifilru'tlnt'9ti~nmritida~
l_j ,...... .:;
'1
I
2. antru~smfits~nts12nn:
eJj "" 1....
21Sl'9~tih
u
'1
tJ. antru~smfits~n&sitnrumfitigtd~
eJj I.... <N GV .:;
'1
'Lmru'tln '1
n. ~ntru~sts1~ts12nn: t 'li~tinmamQJ '1
173
PROEUS DARA
1.1 iifiimnsutmuisH~Fitr~nU]m
Bitngff
" 3 2
tS f(x) = -x--3x +4 '1
0 • <$
mm81Jl'li x EIR ?J D = IR '1
- 9nHttb~aunn :
2
y' = f'(x) = -3x -6x = 3x(-x-2)
f'(x) = 0 M'B~rn x = 0 , x = -2
" f'(x)
., MffiHS
!]
-2 0 +oo
f'(x) - +
., rit~'li~'tfltnJu :
t l:flSH'liJ'linmuJuUl~ x = -2 tUi ru f(-2) =o
t 'HlSH~ml:flmJuu1~ x = o tUi ru f(O) =4
- ru1lri
limf(x)=
x--oo
lim[i(-1-~+~)J=
x->-co X X~
+oo
174
PROEUS DARA
X -00 -2 0 +OO
f'(x) +
+00~0~4~00
f(x)
X -00 -1 +oo
f"(x) +
~
f"(x) = -6x-6 I
~~
f"(x) = 0 fd'i:3'i:H15 x =
u
gnu tihtl
IGfW1Gati~l dn
.., (-1, 2)
tUlli5 y = f(-1) = 2
- tmu :
..,
e G LLI1 GL'i5 fd ~ ~ ntl Lfilli 2tl ~ flJ tti x = 0 tr:iQlS y = 4
2
ttly=O tr:iQlS-i-3x +4=0
2 2
-x(x I) 4(x-1)=0
?
(x J)(x+2t=O~x= ,x=-2
• tif:n~th'in~GMtsm~ I(-1, 2) y
"' l_j 1
fd~mmLtl1:3
2
tr:ims y = i 3x + 4
IJ
y = 3x + 5
Y +2 = -(X- d 3(X- l ) + 4
2
Y = -X 3 + 3X dlHSr:i'i:3Stfdfd&s
1
X '1
Cl 0 •
- tti!:HH'Ulel : D = 1R
17<;
PROEUS DARA
-00 +oo
., nlH1
""
: y' = 3x2 -6x+4 +
., ti.HJJl
....,.,
ts~ y' : 'i:fl S ll = -12 < 0 sl 2j 'v'x E IR , y' > 0
x-
lim (x -3i+4x-2) =
+oo
3
x->
lim
+CO
[x 3 (1-~+±-~)J
X x2 x3
= +oo
... 3 2
my= 0 tRQlS X -3x +4x-2 = 0
0
3 2
mmg x =1 tRQlS 1 -3 · 1 + 4 · 1-2 =o
• 3 2 3 2
tRffitHuHM~ . (x -3x +4x-2)-(l -3 ·1 +4 ·1-2) =0
3 3 2 2
(x - 1 ) - 3(x - 1 ) + 4(x- 1) = 0
2 2
(x-l)(x -2x+2) = o~x = 1 'Lmg X -2x+2 =0 ~SYM<J
1 11 c:a> I 0 I I Q
"" "
., hl'i3FnmSln15& y = y' 0 (x-x 0 )+y0 . = l(x-1)+0 = x-1
"'
9 OeJ Q ':1 --7
., unt;&: ffi'\315tru~nrtHS 01 tRQlSm'\3smn~'i3ru
~ ru
1
u nn w u 1
X+ 1
X=
{ y = y
2
nJg mm~'\3 : y = x
3
- 3x + 4x- 2
IJ
Y = (X+ 1 )3 - 2
3(X + 1 ) + 4(X + l)- 2
3
Y = X +X dl H' S1 R'\3 Sct t hl hl "t S X
176
PROEUS DARA
1.2 y = ax 3 + bx 2 + ex+ d
" 0 •
- tt!SrHJ..flii : D = !R
2
y' = 3ax + 2bx + e
wJ m13 ru <t
tU y' = 0 l:flS'i.Ht52't5
"' l
't5fflS't5hl tS"JgHSf.l't9SfflSml:fltw'lmg '1
'A.'-'b ~ 1 ...... u
3 2 { + 00 ""
m a>O
lim (ax + bx + ex + d) = ""
x _,. +co -oo t't5 a < 0
a>O a<O
1'77
PROEUS DARA
- Grt.fl tWiJ~
l
: y" = 6ax + 2b
- Lmu
a>O a<O
y y
'
=0
y'
1:fl S 'iJ ft.HH
. r"ovI [\. \. JT:~
&~Jb~
"' / X v 0 '- ~X
y'=O
1:fl s 'iJ ftj ~ 'iJ o/
'
y
J \
' y
0- - X
"!' X
~
l
"'
I \
y¥ ~ y
y' =0
1\~\
v
ffl
.... S'iJ fl5
"'
I
!' 0 "' X 0 X
2 '1
., 0 '
- r;1:JSnrt.fln : D = IR
178
PROEUS DARA
X -00 I 0 1 +oo
-4x + + 0 - -
2
x -1 + D <D +
y' + 0 0 + 0 -
.. !l
Hfi'UH:flW 'UmLfiw x
0 Q,J
= -1 , x = t::J1
1 tUlru y(-1) = y(l) = -1 '1
-
n~~-
bU o bl
•• . y
1!ill = .
1!ill X
4( -
I + z-
2 2)
4 = -00
X-> ±CX. X-> ±00 X X
- mnhHGUIH1
X -00 -1 0 I +oo
y' +
~
-I
t +
-1
~
-00~ ~-2 ~~~
y
-00
2
y" = -l2x +4
Y" =0 , X = -+ J3
3
13
X -00
J3 J3 +oo
9 3 3
y"
crn.ncrm~
I
(- J3-
3 ,
13)
9
4 2
y = 0 tl':lQlS -x +2x 2 = ()
mh r = i (r~o) tl':lms
2
r +2t-2 = o , 11 = -4
~ ct C) eJ 'I;)
1'70
PROEUS DARA
3 3
X 2 2
41 41
y - 16 ""-2.5
16
y
3
1 2
-_ _,
X
'
r- - 41- - - -
-16
4
y = ax + bx + c
2
(a"' 0)
... 0 '
- ti:Hli'Hl..fH1 : D = R
3 2
y' = 4ax + 2bx = 2x( 4ax + 2b)
b ""
+oo m"" a>O
. y
l1m = x 1"....1m±coax4 ( 1 + ax
- 2 + - c 4) =
x--;> ±"' ax { ·-oo &U a<0
2
- UM13m~
1
y" = l2ax + 2b
y" = 0
y" =0 l:llS~MrJHOJb~
Q)
m
Q)
ab <0 QJ 0
&'Ul115Lff1Ul:llS13CW113mnm '1
tQl
- mnh~Clunn
a>O a<O
IJ
y
~c~
y
-oo~c~oo
y' = 0 X -00 XI Xz x3 +oo X -00 X! x2 x3 +oo
"
""
l:llSUMU y'
+OO
-
t f-f+
Yz
+
+ 00
y' + f-f
Y!
+ f
Y3
-
ttlJh~ y
y
~ / ~ / -00 ;:11"' ~Y2~ ~00
Y1 Y3
180
PROEUS DARA
C) C) "
• HnJHHtiHS dlHnJ~8t2Lf1115
I
a>O
y' =0 y y
'i:fl2~1futfi
'iH1HH~
\.1
X
y
y' = 0
'i:flsyruli
t~Jh~
X
(~ < o) X
4 2
fi. y = - X -X +2 2. y = x4 - 2
2x + 1 '1
ax+b
3. y = ex+ d
(c;:O, ad-bc;:O)
C» ':)
3.1 ffiM1HH1UHffiU
1 u l,j
li. ~ rllY aru 'USlfi
,;
L
I cy
I U
':1
dlffin1~fifit2Hfl't5 C
l.j I
cf
fflhH21=1~2 y = f(x) fil&"lH1.fTl
y c y y
L
H H
X 0
0 X
181
PROEUS DARA
y = x-
hli
61
tf~-u~si:'l~S'tfl2f'it~1ti'Hl2
""'gumu '1 .
1 6\J
ms trith941 ms
(.9- "'""
y
l_
<>
t1:'1Ql2 lim y = + oo M
X =2
ntln~rUlflltlrJH2:5 u'tflllJ MH nt3n.nu
~ ~
I
M
I
~94m:nci'tfl2
4
M~Al~ x = 2 2riQf'iM2'i
U U
Alb'lHlmt3n.nu
I
M
. 2x-l
1!ill = -00 lim (2x- l) = -3
x--i+ x+ x~-1 +
X_,. I + X_,. I +
lim (x+ l) = 0+
X-> -J +
X_,. I +
182
PROEUS DARA
. . 2x 1
l1m y= 11 m - - = +oo tt,mg lim (2x-1) = -3
x-•-1 x+ l
x-•-1- x->-!
x--1 x--1
lim (x+ 1) = o-
X-> -J
2(x + 1)
n. Y = --'---'-
x-1
2
2. X
Y = x+2
x( I ~) X
l
lim f(x) = -2 tt,mg lim - = 0
X--;.. -CO x->-cc X
I
lim f(x) = -2 tt,mg lim - = 0
x-+co .x->+cc X
X
H\ t bfj, fil'i5 t 2 f t 94 m tiJ H 2 2 '1
L.:. "' G1
t?ltn'li2l~ L : y~
= -2 tnffiM'l§&HHtln
1 u
t21_,fil'liffltl f '1
PROEUS DARA
..,
nHl.fl lim f(x)
x~ :too
=b
y y
1
"
L b
L~
0
-- -
.....
X
/
0
v-
.....
X
y y
~~ p
0 0 "-
-
"' X
___/-LX
b
~L
b
0 • 0 .., • 2x+3
ruunr~t:u ~nffiW'tH'ifH[;JntSUffltimtl y = - -
1.1 1 U X- 1
- duns@ 2
2x+ 3
x( 2 + ~) 2+-
3
x
--= ---
x-I x( 1- ~) 1
I--
x
3
2+-
lim y = lim __x =2 lim ! =0
x~+oo x~+co 1 x->+oo X
l --
X
184
PROEUS DARA
x+2
n. y = l-2x
x-1
2. y =
+1
D=IR-{-1} '1
~
0
mmg x;=-1 '1
lim (x + 1) = o-
x->(-1)
2x-1
f(x) = lim 2x-l = -3
x->(-1)+ x+l
1
2--
x = 2
__ lim !=o
1 x~ ±oo X
1 +-
X
PROEUS DARA
X -00 -1 +oo
f'(x) + +
f(x)
X =0 ~filf12 y = -J
y=O tfi(f1S2x-1=0¢>x=!
2
------ 5
,,
2x l ' '_,_ -
-~
4
y = 7+1 ,, ,• '
! 1\ I
Y =- ~ ctlHSfi'tH~tt\HutS
X 1
X '1
5-2
2
D=R-{-~} 9 nHi::liHG~fflbl
""
m ad- be < 0 t m g y' < 0
H8fi'l§8"' '1
1
186
PROEUS DARA
+OO a y a +oo
y - -
a/ /c c~ ~~
e -00 -00 e
""
- nHlJJ ad- be> 0 ""
- nH1fl (ad- be)< 0
y p y
y = -ac \ 0
X
a
y = -c
----------~~+--------~
X
d
X=--
e
2-x
2 · y = 2x + 1
187
PROEUS DARA
x->a
• lime= c crtm8Lt1ticr~!'Hr.la c
x ->a
011
limx=a
x->a
011 lim (f(x) ± g(x)] = x->a
lim f(x) ± lim g(x)
o ""
m lim f(x) =L
X-> X
0
• f 'i:flS nHh1U1~ x 0
• ru~ntS rl'Ultnt2"hn~~
I l.J
SSSl ~til ru~n tS 511.1 ttl ill'i:flS ~ tUnUdlb ttl
e ru~ntSDJffltlMS&'l StsiU'~~s ~ ~dlt:Hl.Ht{Jmnh ru~ntS~ ttl ill'i:flS~ 'LnUdlb
tl'=lt 2imt:1 runsh ru~n ts ~ ttl rn'i:fls ~ tLndmh tf:lt 2imt:1 tub
e drumJu Ay = f(b)-f(a) m~unutL~i5~ill'i:H:3J~&s y = f(x) mrurun X
~ b-a u
'i5 t~liL~ ru rl a t 94 b
1.1
• (c)' = o crcmgLf:lticr~str.l~ c
• (x")' = nx"-
1
Gtmg n EIN
188
PROEUS DARA
c' C» C) I
f dl~Hl?l'!HlUHsitrutHSlg
1 1 ...,
(a, b) rugumtfi
l
f'(x)<O 'il!i'i5
w xE(a, b)
d ~ C) 1
f dl~Sl!i'iHHt:HtrutHSlg (a, b)
I GV
ruguffl&fi.f'(x)
1
= 0 H'l'i5
W
xE (a, b)
0
tHmg X<Xo
l
f'(x)>O
0
f'(x) = 0 mmg x = o
f'(x) < 0
0
tHmg X <Xo
0
mmg x = o
f'(x 0 ) =0
f 'i:fl2~ftm'i:fltu'1'i5'ifi~ x 0 mrurun
U G { f"(x 0 ) < 0
f
.,.
'i:flS~fim'i:flm
Uti'ifitl, x 0 mrurun
{f'(xo) = 0
G f"(x0 ) > 0
0 0 I '1::1 C) cJ II 4::»
o nn.rp:; I(x 0 , y0 ) dlullijm'i5m2&2J&mtlmb t mrurun&2J&mtltQltl ( ~l:lfi} Gru
o ~mJmnUllijum~&s&'2J&mhmh t
atms9J ~fi f"(x)
9 .. " "'
- ~u~mrl ShLm'i5&2~9l!i'i§S y = ax 3 + bx2 +ex+ d (a"' O)
PROEUS DARA
a>O a<O
y +oo
y ~
~Yo ~Yo
-00 ~-00
a>O a<O
y y
190
PROEUS DARA
y' =0
y y
y' = 0
0 X X
• fflflbHG~.mn
a>O a<O
'i::fl2tHd'li
... y' - f + fc - f + y' + f-f + f -
"' +oo +oo Yt Y3
y
&dJb~ y ~ ~ / -00 ;:1"' ~ c~ ~00
Y!/ Y3
'i::fl2tinHfi
"'
Cl
y'
+oo
-
f +
+OO
y' +
f -
1§ tll?lfl
IJ
y
~c~
y ~c~
-00 -00
PROEUS DARA
y' =0 y y
y' =0 y
'tfl2'lHi5
"'
X X
111
'USl~
&
L: x = x 0 t:llffiM'!36HHlli~~2Uffltifflh
1 u
y = f(x)
mrurun lim f(x) = ±
x->x~
X -00
d
-- +oo X -00 --d +OO
e e
y' + + y' -00 -00
y +oo a y a +oo
- -
a/
/e
-00
c~
-00
~a -
e e
10')
PROEUS DARA
y
y
____) a
y = -
e
\\ 0
X
s v- a
y = -
I ~
e '--
0 X s
d It
X=--
e d
X=- -
e
3
n. y =X +4X
2. y = - 2x3 - 6x- 8
f:l. y = x3 - 2
6x + 9x 4
1 3 2 I
m. y = x - x + x-
3 3
J.c.
'W. y = 1x 3- 2X2+3 X+ l
3
193
PROEUS DARA
2. fdnJ1~G~filt1~bM~Lfiluts~~l=i'tlsthmg m = -3 '1
li. ublmm
t.n""'
A(-1, 0) mfiM111Ufdt1'tltJ5~tltlUfilU
Jl.) .Ill.!
C ~tlU2l~
&
L 'i:flSfd~fil~
y = a(x + 1) '1
c' 4 2
- ~Sfi'i§S
1
y =ax +bx +c (a,:O)
4 2
n. y =X + 2x 3
1 4 2 3
-x + 2:
2. y =-
2x
R. y = x 4 -4x 2
4 2
li5. y = X - 2x + 2
2
13. y = - 6x + 5 '1
194
PROEUS DARA
~ cf 4 2 f!l f!IU
mmn &1:H'i
If II
"' 1 4 2 3
9. y =2
H~i!'i~2 x - 3x +
2 'ifl2'Lfll'U e '1
n. tucimnbHrh.nmtaHai!'i~atag
I
'1 :infinnmulit&aunm
I
e '1
l-2x
ill. y = 2(x-2)
b. y = 2- 3x
l-x
l-x mmg
0
xE(3, +co)
tl y = -
x-3
x-2
ti. y = -
2x
Gt mg X E (-co , 2 ] '1
195
PROEUS DARA
2. ant'e'?JM
1
a, b, c stl d nn rut~tlm mnr~
&
:x = 2 tlHfHi.mr~r~rmHs'iff!U
1 u L)
14. HS?l'e'S"'
1
v = x+b
~ ex+
'i::flS'ifflti
L:.
H '1
2. ~nnHHf:JltstsGMti'ih
u 1
A atlb'ifflti
L)
H 1 stlum~tn'i::f1Sm?JM'ifflU9Mttli
& 1 Li ....
1
-- '1
3
C» e::» 0 C» '?
?1. ~nM'e'ffl~ffif9'e'~n&llh riHSLfflti HP '1
IJ
196
PROEUS DARA
filBHl..fl SliUQlU
l..j
mo.,; n'i:H1H
\.1
i:i rn'i:fl2 mHn niT! ......,
mffifi:Hl..fl
""'
~btilb &?J2-b'i:fl2 fila ntnnnu
G\1
u
til b t t1 &24 Qb t1 llil n ~ gJl
1
<j s
u ']Jl IT! Rg b b t' rnJb ~ u i:i 2J til rl t n1 cu mH mg t ~ n 1: LO £U ~:1 £U
~ runb f]'i~~
n5 fi i:iutilU
u
rm
~
91 R9-b sb filaa t'lh 241UultG m n.h~ 2 hl'inb rl.n r1 t ru-Jntil'iU.Fi r1 tS fild
~ ~ 1 u~ ~
1
R llil SlLUQ1U
u
<j n
fil~ MnJlLhll~Ltil ~ fild R llil SlLUUlUU'l~ Q12 runG~~ n tll R!: tll tij?J llil n~ ~til
u u
<:>! ........ s. "' <;l ........ <:>!
t'iu21::lu w 1 Blaise, Pascal, Cardan, Feunat, Bernoulli, Laplace, Poisson, ... w 1 ~~ t hlhltl lliln< fila hli
l..j U Ul U
AN Kolmogorov t2lm
.,;
1933 Q12 hlHhlaWSl n5'!§2
S1o:l ~ u l..j f'dmmu
Mtl5hln'it:lli'9 S1L,;
<j
u
197
861
!'.13 1'1 fl lo " 1'1
h lJlJ WJ ~ LPWJ1,lffiR1S !::!El~Bl.JlJl l:! !;lh! !;JLru!;Jl.Pffi ~l!;p~UU¥~HU !::!JffiR~Bl.JlJl l:!
c--. 1'1 1'1 u c--.
h W~f!~S~ffi~l h!~l Z ssprnR!;lR~Hl!JWEl
IJil f.i:3 11 f.i:3 r? c--. Ollll fl
UUf:h!ffif1l£ll.JlJ WJ ~~ ffiRLJlJ WJ ~~l~:J LP~l h W ~~HHlWUUf:f!~ S~rn !Jl.l 1S!::!Elrn ~l
c--. 1'1 1'1 UIJil .....
tHW
tC
WE:Jh!ru
«::J
l Z S S E(.ffifl!;{RUUnh!rn
0 ~I
nl.B~l I.Ph!Lru h! t_pUIJJRh!W ~ UU h!ffi
0
~3 /JSBLJlJ HJ
~ I I I
I
r? 1'1 1'1 "' I "' IJil ""
B:J~Wt
~
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v !;{S ~
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~ 1'1
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"'
h fs!:;!u:~snl.JlJ:~u LPWJ1.l&l.Sl!;{rtl,
C..,t:) !;::J 1!::::1
:J 1'1 r? rt> I
~~l!::! h!L.!J.1rn R!:fill Ptlill Slfl,l_pSRLP!;la
" 1'1
sl.!J.s~rn U1:J~l~lru !::!Jrn R~Bl.JlJl y
h 9 rutJ 1 u
l l
"" .
eru:~Rwmp!;l!Jrn&'!.uru eru:~f§!;l~ !;JLThYrtJ
f1W1S!~:It;ELPSBLP!;laEI.HS~~~:l f1W1
I
rn RYLThYrtJnw1gl.!J.:J ~l ru tJ " ru u :1 t.s :~ :1
. .
1'1~ n
h tl:J&LS:Jeru:J!;{t..e~rnRn m!;lt..e
!;lt}3:~ LP& LS:I!:JW LPSELP~Lfu!;laut.Hs ~~:~
1'1
ffiR!;JW &L.!J.:J~:Jru hiJill 13:1 t-S:J l UVIifi,UJt
"'
LNLffit- fSJ:Hll~!llNi!J I"l
~SWY~1a~n~H.~N~ru
p <;;I 6:lP <;;I 0 0
·1
ggfiun
""'
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
~tnmtnn nt:{hmnncmgmrhm5th~2
, !3) w w
2 t:H~ d5trnn9 1 t~cmgm2:nhmrnt:H!:llru
u
tflnb1rmnncmgmf'71:3ru
1 !3) w
2 tJhc2g tmfltstn2rugaruilb~-uJli212H'!.flli
o3 ,.... u ?
,----------,
ru~aruftJruHlmfimgjbmb~H1hn2 4 ~mJli~ :
(HH) , (HT) , (TH) Sh (TT)
n5 rul1:3 ru tUTl m
I \J
~'hn n5 run n '1
0
tl=ifirtfHHdHMa : '
S = {(HH) , (HT) , (TH) , (TT)}
" nb1rmnncmgmf'7t§ru
'1 £:g tJ
1 tJb tl=iti12~hnn5runn
S={H,T}
t2 mnnu2"'"='mtJ 2J '1
";) oC:\
•
•
Q c1';) c::;il I I
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011
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u
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u
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u
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eJ 0 Co» «::::!. 0 C»
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.....
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lJ
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lJ
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u
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u
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u
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u
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207
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A= { 4, 6} , B = {3, 6}
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fl 1 fl U I I
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u u
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AUB = {2, 3, 4, 6}
t!msg
u
P(A) = 1- P(A)
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)- P(A
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210
PROEUS DARA
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~ P(B) =
47 = 0.571
u
c. L15Ql15tt:lrnmtirn2LIJfi12:tsittlin9 2 ~ P(C)
u
t 1:tl ru1 rrn hm 2gm1 rrn n.flUl fi tUl ru 1:tl fi1 m t f:rl go 22filfi'ifi ~Ul fi run &rnn
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d. '[YQl15tt:lrnmtirn2uu:~2 2hL1Jfi12:tLmru P(A n c)
u
3 4 12
P(A n c) = P(A) x P(C) = = 0.631
7x 7 = 49
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1
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I 1
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1
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u
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PROEUS DARA
2. 1}501UttlruMMJ'[l;Hulfih 2 tilflruTlhLfi13 P( n B)
u 1 1
tlmsg
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u 1
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~
';! '';! m '1 tltH s gUrJ
......:> u
nfilHlil
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G1
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= I- P(M n B) = 1- ~ =
13
= 0.722
18 18
C) I Q) 0
n. ~ntyQlml:jrnmums~Ul'Ul'l:3m~ 2
u
2. anL'UOltitl:jrumtims~t2J~ilb 2
u
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L.;u "" u "'
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4 i:jru 6 '1 t?lmtiruntuU'in
1 l..J
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t._;
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'1
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:intymutf;l rututtUlm~ 2
u
212
PROEUS DARA
lf::il '
3. 1 f!HlJl 21 TIHl1'\H f:tH1HtYG~ M
, u I I I
<.1 0 ""
2. ~nL'liOl'litt:Jrntmgmstrn2mb 2 trnndltrn2~ '1
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tl. ~R'i'i5Ql'i5~t:lbli&QlgQl@tbli2mb
W
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I ot
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u
t 1 I I OeJ '\;) ~
n. mb A dl'ir!nnlHWltt:lrntmgmsr:rn22Mmmb
l.i 61 I ot
2 trnn
An B = {(2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4)}
6
n(A n B) = 6 dlG~
0
2nHUlUu'i5 '1 ""
~msg P(A n B) = = 0.166
36
ttlm~ntrn2hl'i:flfimn.hn.mtnrunssft:Jrn'i:flstrn2 4 2ci2Mritrn2 o '1
n "' lJ & 1
213
PROEUS DARA
dssG'i:flnhtH'fjrn
t.l <ru l.)
4 mnrunrl
I
9 mn~
1
94 = 6561
2. ma1 Mt15iitbl52 hl'i:fl~S'l§ t15') 'i:flS § fflhl fj13 f:ntUm HRt1 hlt 1:h ru tGfj S'i tR
... t.l u "' iJ
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"-!>
9 trn2 tmrutrn2Gt~tumrut1Mwmri
I "-!>
4 trn2 ftjrnthtrn2RU '1
tRffi13titf3ntrn2hl'i:fl~lifl'l3~mOms&rnsdss 93 x 4 amQmr:nrudssnHUiffiG
n "' t.l t.l
3
9
'i:fls 9
4
shd~snHUit,Mti'i:flS 3
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4
= ~ = 0.444
9
CpQ ct C:pt:::); cf 0 t I C»
<~> un~fflHl.fl B munnff1Hl.fl'i:f1Stbli21lltl 4 2hctltbli2R tSl&tbli2'13t152h1'[J1~t~hl
•• 61 <: II t.l 4 U
~ ~ ~ Oc::J
run n 4 t rn2 2, 4, 6 sh 8 t'Ul ruffiGUHfj rn '1
4 mn~
4
I:RQ1SGSS13'i:flM1Gftjrn'fs
t.l <ru l.) I
4 = 256
256
P(B) = = 0.390
6561
<~> C mun~ffl~Mtbli2hl'i:fl~'i:f1Stbli2
61 ...
1 fn'l3tlR~
61
""' 0 .,
t rn 2 1 ffiG'i:fl s g mh 4 mti : 1 *** , * 1 ** * * 1* ** *1
tltrn2'2~ru1Qhdtrunmrn2tsi1J1ci 3 n&~ht9]nt,n~'i:fls 8 tHt,~M
I U
P(9' 4) =9 X 8 X 7 X 6 = 3024
3024
P(D) = = 0 46
6561 .
214
PROEUS DARA
""' "'
~~~~~ &t'i'HlSfiltU ~i:Hlitpffl'i:3trn2t{Jhfi I
9
CD00
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u~ 11 21 R, mtU1fl tU 2 '1
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12. 8 1.
C» ~ ':1 C»
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u
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10 Msn~ C(l50, GV
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II II
c::pq cr , u ¢:\ ~ c::t~~ ct ~ ,
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u u
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... .... /)
"~ dssutiQtiff::lrnr;'itlMt1Mrn2r:mn
1.1 c; "'
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216
PROEUS DARA
QJQ et 0 t.::lPC\ et
'Lrl~illHt.n91b 2 rtlLrl~fflHt.nLlilnEl : An A =0 , Au A = s
.. t):lmsun~ill~nil 2 litrlmmmun~illanil-i!smfU'i~h '1
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.. Lt5lilt5tSLrl~illH1Jltiru~M A sb B R :
u
P(A n B) = P(A) x P(B) ttl A Sb B -i!S91R9bff1
""
P(A n B) = P(A) X P(B tEl ru A tRfi~ s ) ttl A sb B 91 R9b ffl
1 ""
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.. Lt5lilt5tSLrl~ill:iMdru1Jn A sb B R: P(AUB) = P(A)+P(B)-P(AnB)
u
217
PROEUS DARA
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?
218
PROEUS DARA
219
PROEUS DARA
1.
25, 23, 26, 30, 37, 20, 21, 23, 31, 34, 26, 34
bthtltirl~m9lt~2 ammt1Ht'i13~~t!m ~
75% t2Mfi51mtl~Hth24t1ffl'SffirlltlSl2m
U U I !__, ct
?
Ql
20 21 23 23 t 25 26 26 26 ~ 30 31 31 32 ~ 34 34 35 37
Ql Qz Q3
t~ru~g
1J
4.25 t21mSlg~g 4 st!~g 5 tl=l(fl2 Ql =
1J 1J
23 25
+
2GV
= 24 '1
220
PROEUS DARA
fflf:ll:jti
" .., 9
D 9 = fi&'i:H'i9 -(n
GV\.1 10 + 1)
PROEUS DARA
~ruu) 'tf!S 120 150 150 180 200 120 170 220 190 '1 t'Hl..f1Sl Q1 Sh D 2 '1
dJu9~StiHfli:Hl.h:!lti 120 120 150 150 170 180 190 200 220
Q1 = fit'i:Hi9
"
<SIJIJ
"" 1 + 1) , n = 9
-(n
4
= nti:Hi9
"
6\11.1
"" 1
-(9+
4
1) = n-t-en-g
"
6\11.1
"" 2.5
D2 "
=nt'en9 "" 2 (n+l) = "
nt'en9 "" 2 '1 !:lmsg D 2 = $120 .,
'tflssrum ~"l.
80% "tSti?iblJn
6\11.1 10 GVIJ U 1A
4 6 18 25 9 16 22 5 20 4 8 '1
2. ;~f6ft~eiefi!&~a;~~~~etH~
~:rl-ejfi rt.n ~~~ n59 mh "ts 9~ s ru~r:n tLun~ t?iLn lm~ n-mnh tTIJn~ tR s '1
1 u
tH1§ru m~n-mnht'i'Un~tRs
"" n lJ
Q1 = nt'en9
"
GVIJ
"" 1
-(n+
4
1) , n = 30 ~hlHMJHmx u~stMJtm t /
"
= n-mn-g "" 1
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GVIJ 4 $7 6 6
$15 9 28
$20 2 30
222
PROEUS DARA
= " ~ ""'
g 1
m~
2(30 + 1)
= ntl3n9 GV\J
15.5 '1 U tJ" ~~2h
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$ 12 '1
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p (n + 1) = &H~~g
" " ""' 25.11
100 100
f:itH28
u
Lsi = $ 15 '1
uss~nhx
lJ .... 0 1 2 3 4 5
0
G~sL~nmf 3 5 12 9 4 2
lJ
3.
mA:&s~s
ct &
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
I
U~Shl~J 5 7 12 11 3 2
'>
lJ
""
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C) c:l> 40
"'-
mA:
ct
0
G~S~~J
""
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1:292St1J~- = 10
ct 4
30-40 5 5
- nht:lH'iUn~tfts
c::s u G
10 MntsinhmA:
6'-. c:t c:t 40-50 7 12
I I
50-60 12 24
40-50
60-70 11 35
70-80 3 38
80-90 2 40
40-50 '1
223
PROEUS DARA
ti.mr:;'Uststmn~nwu
W lj I
'i5
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t
b~ St\ ~ X 40 = 30 -------- B
12
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c II
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jj rutuJtitROlS t
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Q 3 - 60 10 35
30 ===-: :. -: :.-: ._ -_ -_ -~B'
24 - - - - - - -, <r:
d"HHf11&U
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t
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f mq~n~
mttit~t~~fi ~n-/
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n ttl d bli'i5n
u
[;'i'ij n~ f't5m
lj 1
p t
0 a 0 o cJ I!J • -n-f
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p f
( ~ndlf::lrul~)
1 6\1
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ct; t..l
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tJ ct
1
dssMn~smrm
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224
PROEUS DARA
m~Lm~ f l
30-40 17 17
40-50 55 72
115-72
Ql=50+ 142 x(l0)=53.03 ~q,fla'1
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345
1 ~:
14
x (IO) = 68.56 ~q,r~ '1
p t
lOOn- f .
L4s = L + f (z)
nlit~~tlm Lp =
ml§mntlt'iuncitfis
l..i tr:ims L 45 ~msintlm~
.... ct ct
" 50-60 "'1
1
p 45 t
tf:'itnS L = 50 ,
100
xn = x 460 = 207 , f = 72 , f 142 , i = 10
100
207-72
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142
PROEUS DARA
0 "'<)
mmgg~sru~ctl~nfnHHl.flSlnHHli
0 •
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2. 7 10 22 2 0 8 12 13 18 21 '1
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226
PROEUS DARA
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n. f!Hl.J1Sld~'i:3UJ'i:3fJtltMJ'H.ni~runJlbli
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PROEUS DARA
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228
PROEUS DARA
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25% t!:H129l'UI!l
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1
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c:n
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PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
o
2 rx; 2
=--u
N '
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7 4 6 9 12 4 10 11 15 17 15 '1 l:f:1M261
~
u=.!l2=10
' 11
2
xi Xi- fl (X,-~t)
7 7-10 = -3 9
4 4-10 = -6 36
6 6-10=-4 16
9 9- 10 = -1 1
12 12-10=2 4
4 4-10=-6 36
10 10-10=0 0
11 11-10=1 1
15 15-10 = 5 25
17 17 10 = 7 49
15 15 10 = 5 25
2
2:(Xi- fl) = 202
~msg a 2 =
68
= 13.6 '1 X; X;-!! (X;-!!)
2
5
2. ~ rul61 M61 ~ r.tHu rHli M
....
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60 60 55 = 5 25
m~ Mmta ~s ruJ~ ~~ MfHl5
55 55 55 = 0 0
(J = p = J13. 6 = 3.69 '1 52
52 55 = -3
9
58 -55 = 3
58 9
2
2:(X;- !!) = 68
i~ihsi ffiM~s~~fins\lru
GSS ~f::lb"lHf:H~[gl1'tH9f'd
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t:Hl.llSlfla1~
pj
2~~rul61M~thM~nHHli
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2
pj u pJ.... lct61 pj n 1
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2
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n m~8ss9s2run~~~
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232
PROEUS DARA
2 - -2
LXi - 2XLXi +LX
~H:~mr:; t'uhsh n
2
s =
n-1
ttin J"fHHiH1
? - -2 2
LXj- 2XLXi +LX LX l -LXi L_;y2
2X-+-
n n n n
= =
n-1 n-
n n
2
LX
I 2X2 + _x2 2 2 -2
~ s2 = _n_ _ _ _ = (LXi - x2) X_n_ = LXi - nX
n- n n-1 n-1
n
~:r:; ~:~o
l_j
tu&1 tu run~Ju 28sIJ s 10 nmti m mnruga rutsffifiis s'i:3 ru'1
lR "-" "' 1 IJ
~:tfi ruffitusohuh
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mLfil'i:3 <J
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ffit\JSA 196 198 198 199 200 200 201 201 202 205
1
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ffit\JSB 192 194 195 198 200 201 203 204 206 207
1
2
2 L(X;-X)
s =---
n-1
X= LXi = 196+198+198+199+200+200+201+201+202+205
n 10
= 2000 = 200g
10
233
PROEUS DARA
= 2000 = 200g
10
X;-X
196 -4 16 192 -8 64
198 -2 4 194 -6 36
198 -2 4 195 -5 25
199 -1 198 -2 4
200 0 0 200 0 0
200 0 0 201 I
201 203 3 9
201 204 4 16
202 2 4 206 6 36
205 5 25 207 7 49
- 2 - 2
l:(X;-X) =56 2:(X;- X) = 240
~nn~"-~~"-"w "-~'j'j.<">~~~·:,,_"%o
~lbUioob~WWI>Ut_;'IUOibLjl=l
B
Ss
{2
= A.JSs = Ji(-X;-X)i
n-1 = ~9 ~ = 5.16
{246 = ,y26.67 '1
2. tinun.nrum~ru : ~L:llruihtlis
ov I
A l:fls~rrnr~MciL:ilr~umh~rrnr~hlciL:ll
n U In
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234
PROEUS DARA
a=
'J:.f;(Xi- r,d
'f.!;
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~ffiru thm&9§8li51:fl215flliltlttHH~'i5n~
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stltli~~~
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1:lumhaJ~~au
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I
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0
IJ ..
:::Jtllfll!'i fi l7 55 142 153 93
crdlru 13t:m&9:::J2rut'1:lmclmmri
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1 G1 .. tlot IJ
'1 2'li'tflm
1
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s =
235
PROEUS DARA
ffl~Lmfi !;
0
tHlfl tHH1ffi ru
1 61
f.X
l 1
x2l /;X;
2
'fs~fi X;
i::llH28
u
s = 20.39 '1
236
PROEUS DARA
0 •
= ru ~ fi =~=·==~~=~·-="=-.=·· . =-=·-==·=---=-=-~=--=-===-=····=·····=
. =-=·=·..·-=. ··=·=-··= . ·-·=-=-=-·=-·-
n. 5 16 9 8 6 10 12 10 8 6
2. X 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f 5 2 7 9 4 10 5
I I
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0 0 cf~ I t::p 0 I ~
tHJJHli'i'lilJHutn'iJl
U l.j
( f:lndl t:l1GV
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ct
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ct
run runb1n'tl'iJl2l:H15'i::fl2
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1 1
ffiMLdnblM2
u
( ?1ndl 1
kg ) 63 63 65 71 72 74 40 58 80 94
u
n. f:lMSl~UJ~ (~WiMnru)
2. t~billm'tlrurun9 mHlnmsffiMthlnnth:llh ?
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w ""LJu '-i
0
5 8 10 11 6
u~SU:Jn /;
u
237
PROEUS DARA
~ru:f2JtffltltLunci 9
or ov v ,
391tnum mn.ntlmntL'Unh2ltltLffl'E1 ctl
"'l:lS x 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
&
1
f 2 3 7 10 7 3 2
brut\ hl tt\61
n
till mrnti tn.n tl tun t 2 g'i::f] 2 fltl ctl dIJ tl
~
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u " u - "'2-f
238
PROEUS DARA
Ln ~m~ n mnb X f fx l
u
t~Ql 2 X = l:.fx = 204 = 6 '1 3 2 6 2
l:.f 34
4 3 12 5
'i§nr:h
u
nh~ &292co 2ru ~tJ ru1n
G\1 G
~
u
5 7 35 12
sb tLunti ~ t'Jmb t~ m'tlLmuu~ ci rrm ~n
6 10 60 22
tf'dst~ 6 '1
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" "" -l (n +I)
iiH'tl6i9
GVJ.j
2 8 3 24 32
n:n [jj n = l:.f = 34 9 2 18 34
l l:.f = 34 l:.fx = 204
= n"t'tln ""g GVJ.j
2(34+1)
" ""
= 6it'tl6i9 GVJ.j
17.5
trutlNttlnrillmm
n
nt'tl'tltii'tl
eJ
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1
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n. ~ o.nmihhl'tlfiJ'tlQb f6 hlJ1;f!R
1
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u. 2b'tln
u
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IJ tJ "'ct
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1
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40-45 42.5
8 380 11
45 -50 47.5
239
PROEUS DARA
50 55 52.5 13 682.5 24
55-60 57.5 8 460 32
l:r:l'Ql2 L = 50 , cf = 11 , f = 13 , i = 55 50 = 5 '1
mn 'i:HH n1 2~tH1Jltin ru11 rnt2m nn:l rnH;~ 2~ t'itin~ ~ nidl~ tr:l '1
.. "' 1
u "' 1 .. "' l_ju l_j £"1
~nr:l
u
x> f1 tni2~
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so% t2 tGUngnm~~ni
~ ~-
'1
240
PROEUS DARA
't:l'tljm ruLM rnQb illHHl.S12l t~U'~ftllfi::l rn ~nt si tLffl'tl f2Jt Alb a~ffiill t1=1m~ nHRJ
1.1 I
n'tlrut9Qn
.... 1.1
ti::llrufiruu\run o tsit3nt'tl ~t r;t5lru'tlrutlnmt~'2b
1.1 ....
'tltti~rulnM~ttl
1.1 GV 6'l
a
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C» .... ,
\:1' GV
eJ
trubrufifltntH2lHI C\1
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tl
1 M
'1
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nm 6V
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ffl'tl ffldlb 'f~ LR ftll bsi tLffl'tl t2J bAlb 2~ffi ill
o • ':1 t:::.\1 , o q cr
n. n o.n nn t'tl"" z m~tnRG
L.:i
o.nu ru x = $ 60 2b x = $ 40 nb'tl
"' 1.1
ru Mtn'Ul 6'l
1
2. tf4'i:fl8'itim81R'tlffl'tltdnli2l8m1=1aru
L.:i LJ "'
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L.:i u 1....
$55 ?
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z= o 1-t = 60-50
X-
-1-0- = I 7
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= X-!t = 40-50 = -l
a 10
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PROEUS DARA
'=" f I 0 0
n m<N z = 1 u rrn
c&
ntfliQlnu
Li
Murn;um
li
MQlm $ 60 f6msinli'l3tn'i3'i:Hi5~rulnM~tn
.. "' ~ IJ ..
t::::l1 • • 0 0 ct
b'UH.i5 z= -1 UITTlntfliQlnuJ,lJl bliiUffiMQl'Ul
(3- Li u Li ..
$ 40 f6msi&Uffl13'!3um'i3ru~rulnM~tn
~ ~ u n '1 --------,tllft--+-ift-+11---t('j<IAQr--- z
0 1 z
= 0.6915 = 69.15%
t) eJ I 0
~msg LumsLn'l:3mm~nttHlil:ll2LOlnrHUJ rn
1
0 (;(~ "':) eJ 0 1
0 ' 0
rut.m ~f-'UU iilM2iun
1 Li
tu~;mti'l:3rutn2itin
n 1..) IJ Li
tu~i mtim2 m ticr
n 1..) Li
2 n mti
li<
t'i::! ruiiltu ~2 n mti
li<
M~
n
242
PROEUS DARA
I 0 0 cJ I cJ - 0 cJ cJ
Lfllnu ru;] rulurrn2 m fUlums:Lm:Hfl'etgnQtlLn1:H.f12~ ru dlm Mtl mn
I I I
C) II I cJ ~~ ~ 0 I ~Cp "\;) eJ
9s:srul:fls:u22 n fi tDum'erut:ntitSl8m9ru :
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"<:llj " ... ] "..,3
Q1 = fit~~g (n+l) , Q2 = fit~~g (n+l) , Q3 = fit~~g 4(n+l)
4 2
-n- j:f
3 p !1'
X-4
Z= - -
cp
243
PROEUS DARA
0 •
= n;~ ~ ===-=,·-=-=·=-=,-=,=-=-=-=--=-=-=--·=-··,=-·-=··-=,...=.,.,=-·-=·-·=·-=·-="-======
2. q~smb 158crn
til tsl13bSl8 150crn sb 158cm '1
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4. n13" nh~13"m nb hl813" run&st~mtitb!Jlb t13n s~ihru tt:l ru'Hls13"o~13" t tlisb !! sb'Hls ~ illln
S1 n "'I 1.1 1.1 "' t.J '""
bMSb 6cm '1 l:?l~br:fl'Hl8 4.78% t8t~13"milbmi5'Hl8n13"hl2hldlb 82cm '1
'"" n S1 S1
n. 4 8 3 6 7 w 11 18 15 19 20 '1
2. X 7 8 9 11 13 15 19 20
f 2 5 4 12 ll 9 7 3
32 21 60 47 54 17 n ss 33 sb 41 m '1
""' 0
"'
cf
l..i
1 0
3. ~tnn13b\Jlruitiffihllil'UWuhlSlfl5n~b
IJ l..i
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f
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I
l.j "'1.1
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l
$30 $35 $50
1 l
244
PROEUS DARA
""rlS.,:; 100 105 105 110 110 115 115 120 120 .. !25
G~S~f15J f 8 13 25 IJ 4
2. m1.n 21 Ql st~ Q3
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aru:tr1ru ( finctl 5 lO 10 20 20.25 25.40 40-45
G~S~hlJ f 8 13 24 11 4
8. truiusao
eJ
ru~=u~t~m6'i8MtHnn~sm-eru
>~ov 1 LJ iJu
mtit'Mb fun2a:fmi '1 muut~mnsum
n
mm
111""'
IJ
st~ a '1
245
PROEUS DARA
M~e
z---+ 0 1.96
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
246
PROEUS DARA
1 1 1 I I I
3. n. I, 4' 9' 16 2. 2' 6' ,
12 20
1:1. 4, -1, 0, -1
2, -1, 'li5. 2, -4 ; 4. n. Un = 2xn+3
2. Un =2 X n 5 f:'l. Un = -3 X 11 + 19 mu =~ · " 2n + 1
7. O,;;;ans;l ~fi (a,J
1
mh5nm ru '1
&
1
8. n. Miii~~mru
&
2. ~iii91bU '1 9. n. ~iii91bUtLf11'\3 &tilru 1 mo~~91bUtLf11'\3 '1
1 1 1
2
2. ~nmrutLm'\3 ttilru ~ mo~~mrutLm'\3 '1
1
7.'i:Jl~25~tlu0'JIT1'1
~ -
8. U 1
+1
-U =
n
211
+
4
5 211
4
+ 3 =~>0
2
tlOC~8hliii(U)tJlhlfi~Cl~tfi~'1
u ~ n i &6"1
9. 17, 21, 25, 29, 33 '1 10. s,o = 930 '1 11. 7, 12, 17 ~ 17, 12. 7
nsuj~~m
5
5. n. q = 3 U 10 = 39366 2. q = 4 ' u, = 4 l't q = 2 , 57 = 381 '1
'
6. n.
24480
256
2.
29524
3
1:1.
1261
243
lli-1-
. 8
9( (])n+l)
9
- -2(1 -(])")
3
-
4
- 448
10. ~n. 0.7- = 7 2. 2.34 = 2:92 1:1. 0.452 = 990 '1
9
nsuj~~ ~
1o. 1:1. ( 2 - J3 t + (2 + J3 ( = 2 nil h ~ h m (2 J3 ( + (2 + J3 r' = 1 1:1 n.n n h Vi h rll ~ h (2 - J3 )'
1 "'
?47
PROEUS DARA
rill. X= -J ,X= x) - 7
2
C~ t:
7
--r
) +3 = o m~ r = 7 ~ 7
x -r
, t> o
6
u. n. x>O 9. X S 0 j:J, X S -2 W. X< 3 ~. X;?;- S cr. x > -1
12. ft. 27'·3!--x<~ hl13'iiJb153 3'·3 1 " ' , 3 3 x+l-x<3 1
' X<-]
2
ti. (21.)' > ~_{f4 hl13'iiJ ru (l)x > (1)3 m o2J x < 2
2 2 3
14. brlbliffi~'i::flSHlru1 65 m
C:S
Utnfihlm'i::flSUSS
1 lJ
1995 t:Hlm
1 GV
'1
15. umn~mbufilru13nllitl5S'i::flS!lt13
c;t 5"1 GV
14426 tJrul~
1
'1 6\1
1
5. n. X = 27 2. X =4 ft. X =J ill. X =2 ~. X = 3 ti. X =2 M. X =1 , X = 10 9
0. X =5 rill. X= ±J24 m. x =
"'
6.11. x =1 2. x;;,6 ft. xE ]0 , l[ U ]I, +co[ ill. x>3 ~- x>3 ti. "iix ti. x<3
0
7. ll, 89 ~ 8. Ma
12342 1:11GV
un:tj~i ~
11. A+ -B
tan A+ tanB = 2 tan-
2
= . A -B( cos B
sm-
2
· = Cl
cos A)
248
PROEUS DARA
A-B
sin--
2
= 0 !l cosB = cosA = A =B
3
13 • -n. sm
. 3A + sm . 3C
. 3B + sm = 4 cos 32A cos 38
2
cos C = 0
2
'1 e-ms
r:1 A = :rr;3 , 3
B = :rr; C=~
3
"a. sm
. SA + sm . SC = 4 cos SA cos SB cos SC = 0
. SB + sm
2 2 2
3:rr; S:rc
3. n. 4 + 3kn $ El,;; 4 + 2k:rc
7:rr; 3:rr;
0 ,;; e ,;; n6 , 76n ,;; e ,;; ?_:rr;
lt lt
?i. 0 ,;; El ,;; 6 , 2 < El < 6 , < El < 2:rc !.<>
"W.
5. a = 1, b = -3, c =S
2. K =- ~
8. ?i. AB =Is
l-11 1
-l] (ABfi = - ! [ 1 1J
6 11 s
249
PROEUS DARA
4. IH9lfiti
)l.j u X = 37.5 ~t9lti y = 12.5 5. X = JO, y = -20, Z = 30
4
b. X = 4, y = 3, Z = 2 y = 6 :3. X =- 3 , y = 8
'ijj X = 46 16 21
. 13 y = T3 ' z = 13
215
= 66 275 475
'y=-66 , z=-66 ti. 'i'i5rlSFnStib~!15 ttmg
-21 -7I -33j o
\:\. X
t_; o1 '-"ff GV
[4 -2-6
=
2. X = -8 , y = -J , Z = 0 3.fi. [~ ~]
4. fi. p =1 , q = -2 2. a= 3 b = 7 j:]. a = -17b , b = -28
25 22
6. fi. X = -
29
, y =
29
2. X = 2 , y = -J !:i. X = 4 , )' = 3 , z = 2 lli. X =3 ' y =8 ' z = I
3 2
12. fi. g'(x) = 12x -4x g"(x) = 36x - 4
" g'(x)
2. ft.HTTltS :
~
' 3 ?
9. 1_YH'i5'i:fl8'i:fl2 V = 4x(x- 2a( '1
'iUHU'i:flS'i:fl~titir.H'i
l_j I
mrunm x =
2a '1
3
250
PROEUS DARA
G~Uj~i Cl1
3. n. m<O
2. y' = 3x 2 3 y" = 6x
X -00 -I +OO
y' +
cP cP +
2
4. n. .f'(x) = 3ax + 2bx + c
a = 1 , b = -6 , c = 9 , d = 0
2
2. f'(x) = 3x - 12x + 9 f"(x) = 6x- 12
x -oo 3 +oo
y' + cP cP +
4 + 00 X
y -00~~0~
3
5. n. a = 3 , a = -
4
- rhmg a= 3 tl'i(f!S f(x) = x - l
3
3(x-l)
2
f'(x) = 3x - 3 f"(x) = 6x
X -00 -1 +oo
f'(x) + cP cP + X
0
3 3 3
- mmg a= 4 t!'i(f18 f(x) =X -J-4(x-J)
f'(x) = 3x
2
- ~ f"(x) = 6x
X -00 2 2 + 00
y' + 00 cp cp + 00 X
Y ~O~_!~+oo
-00 2
251
PROEUS DARA
2 7
P( 23) = c( •3 ) = 0.292 ft 33
P( M3) = c( • ) = 0.0083
· c(l0,3) · c(l0,3)
4. n. P(A) = : 6 = 1~ 2. P(B) =
3~ = § 5. n. P ( fli2) = ~~ = 3
.-::.., p(r~rl)= 12x!.!.+~x12=~
u.o. bi>UI 20 19 20 19 5
ft. P (M2) =
5~ ill. Hnffitl'e2
« I
~hHnmtitUfilti51:fl2Mn.ml:H::ltHil
<t U <t
'1
5. n. x= $ 11.8 2. Q 1 = $ 8 , Q2 = $ 10 , Q3 = $ 15 , L 32 = $ 8
2. n. "~
~'W = 23 2. cp-? = 52.23 ,cp = 7.23 3 .n.
~
CfJJ2 = 762.4,cp22 = 122.4 2. CfJJ>Cfl2=*
2 2 n«m7ll
·~-....""
2
w
4. a = 6 ~h b = 4 5. n. H:i = 50 2. X = 46.25 ft. s= 12.49
252