“Compare and contrast the 10 philosophical perspectives in defining self”
PHILOSOPHER SIMILARITIES
Both they have the idea that self
Socrates vs. is composed of body and soul.
Plato Self is not just only a physical
body but rather the psyche.
Both they believed in empiricism,
Immanuel Kant both they have idea that freedom
vs. John Locke was essential to human
rationality.
Both they have the idea that the
body is the root of the problem.
St.Agustine And according to John Chaffee
vs. Socrates both they have the idea about
self that it is an immortal soul
that exists over time.
According to John Chaffee, both
they believed that the human
Descartes ability to reason constitutes the
extraordinary instrument we have
vs. Plato to achieve truth and knowledge,
since Descartes agreed to Plato a
great thinker.
Both they have the idea about
David Hume knowledge passes through the
vs. John Locke senses and self is the perception
of other people.
Both they have the idea of I
doubt therefore I am, since Hume
Descartes vs. agreed to the idea of Descartes
David Hume that they not consider only their
self but also the other people
perception.
According to John Chaffee, both
St.Agustine
MARY
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DIFFERENCES
They differ in the idea of Plato in
soul because for Socrates, soul is
just a soul but for Plato, soul has 3
elements the appetitive, rational
and spirited. And the justice is only
working if this 3 components are
working commonly to each other.
And Plato believes that the soul is
higher or above than the body.
They differ in the idea of Kant
believed in both rationalism and
empiricism while Locke believed in
empiricism with reason.
They differ in the idea of St.Agustine
that the body and the soul is
separated or bifurcated because
Socrates idea is that self is
composed of the two body and soul,
it is duplicate.
According to Chaffee, they differ in
the idea of Descartes because
instead of simply using reason to try
to answer questions like Plato,
Descartes wanted to penetrate the
nature of our reasoning process and
understand its relation to the
human self.
They differ in the idea of David
Hume about self because for him
there is no self, it is a bundle of
different perception from you and
other people, he not only consider
the perception of other people but
also himself, while the idea of John
Locke, it is only the perception of
other people, if what’s people say
about him that’s it.
They differ in the idea about self
because for Descartes, it should be
the mind not either the body or soul
but the mind and for David Hume,
body is nothing else but a machine
that is attached to the mind. It is
unified combination of all
experience of a person.
They differ in the idea of St.Agustine
 they have the idea about self that
it is an immortal soul that exists that the body and the soul is
over time. And both they separated or bifurcated because
vs. Plato believed that the physical body Plato idea is that self is composed of
was both radically different from the two body and soul, it should be
and inferior to its inhabitant, the duplicate.
immortal soul
They differ in the idea of Maurice
Socrates vs. Merleau-Ponty since for him there is
Both they have the idea about
also a mind. The body, soul and
Maurice self that it is composed of body
mind is integrated into one, not the
Merleau-Ponty and soul.
same with Socrates that it is only a
duplicate the body and soul only.
According to John Chaffee, They
Paul Both they have the idea of self
differ in the idea that for Paul
that it is composed of mind and
Churchland vs. the body and that two is
Churchland, self is the brain while
St. Agustine separated.
St.Agustine believes that self is an
immortal soul that exists over time.
They differ in the reason why there
is no self, for David Hume there is no
self because according to john
chaffee it is only a bundle of
Gilbert Ryle constantly changing perceptions
Both they have the idea that
vs. David there is no self.
passing through the theatre of our
minds while David Hume, for him
Hume there is no self because self is just a
label, a convenient name for us to
refer one’s behaviour. It is only the
way people behave.

MARY
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