LEVEL OF PRACTICE ON HEALTH PROTOCOLS IMPLEMENTATION

IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BILIRAN

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty and Staff of
Biliran Science High School
Biliran, Biliran

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Subject

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

Presented by:

Mejarito, Angelica
Gelizon, Johnuel
Gelizon, Joan
Daniel, Matthew Lexam

JANUARY 2022
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Biliran is the oldest town in Biliran Island hence the whole island was

named after it. It is located on the southwestern part of the island directly in

front of Calubian, Leyte across the Biliran strait. It is comprised of 11

barangays namely: Bato, Busali, Burabod, Canila, Julita, Hugpa,

Pinangomhan, San Isidro (Poblacion), San Roque (Poblacion), Sanggalang

and Villa Enage. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was

179,312. This represented 3.94% of the total population of the Eastern

Visayas region, 0.87% of the overall population of the Visayas island group, or

0.16% of the entire population of the Philippines.

The province of Biliran and Ormoc City are the two local governments in

Eastern Visayas leading the vaccination drive against the coronavirus disease

2019 (Covid-19) with at least 70 percent of its target population receiving

protection against the deadly virus, the Department of Health (DOH) regional

office here reported on Monday.

As of November 14, Biliran province has already recorded a 74 percent

coverage rate or 93,602 of its 126,502 target population for the administration

of Covid-19 jabs. (Meniano, 2021)

Almost a month ago, January 31, 2022 it was posted in the official

Facebook page of the Municipality Biliran that Governor Espina signed new

Local Executive Order No. 5 series of 2022, implementing the Province of

Biliran being back at alert level 2. This was effective at February 1, 2022. It

was stated in the Local Executive Order No. 5 series of 2022 that:

1. All incoming travellers must show their fully vaccinated card upon entering.

2. Quarantine for returning residents was removed.

3. Non Biliranons who are partially vaccinated or unvaccinated cannot enter

the border.

4. Denied entry of Non Biliranons who has symptoms of COVID 19.

5. Tourism in the province was opened to foreign, domestic and local tourists.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine the satisfactory level on health

protocols implemented in Municipality

Specifically, it seeks to answer of the respondent in terms of:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Gender;

1.2. Age;

1.3. Educational Attainment;

1.4. Civil Status;

1.5. Economic Status;

2. What is the level of practice on health protocols implementation in

the Municipality of Biliran?

 Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Level of practice on
Profile of the
health protocols
Respondenst
implementation

Figure 1. Level of Practice

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. It shows the

dependent variable of the study. The independent variable is the profile of the

respondents and the level of practice on health protocols implementation

serves as the dependent variable of this study

Theoretical Framework

This study is connected with the Social Cognitive Theory and occurs in a

social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person,

environment, and behaviour. Bandura’s social cognitive theory of human

functioning emphasizes the critical role of self-beliefs cognition, motivation,

and behaviour. In Social Cognitive Theory, Albert Bandura was the first to

demonstrate (1977) that self-efficacy, the belief in one's own capabilities, has

an effect on what individuals choose to do, the amount of effort they put into

doing it, and the way they feel as they are doing it.

Significance of the Study

 The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

IATF. Inter-Agency Task Force or IATF is a group of automotive

manufacturers who will benefit the result of this study to help them improve

their lacking’s in protecting and promoting the health of the people.

MDRRMO. Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management office

or MDRRMO who will benefit the result of this study to help them guarantees

the civil protection program is implemented effectively and efficiently.

RHU. Rural Health Unit or RHU serves as the main source of free basic

healthcare for rural communities who will benefit the result of this study to

help them serve our community better and give the needed health assistance.

Residents. Residents will benefit the result of this study which they will

know what level they are on in terms in practicing the health protocols.

Future Researchers. The result of the study will serve as a reference

material and guide for future researchers who wish to conduct the same

quantitative research or any research related health protocols.

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of the study is the level of practice on health protocols

implementation in the municipality of Biliran. The study will use the survey

questionnaire as a medium to gather data. The researchers will randomly

choose residents from the Biliran Municipality to measure their level of

practice on health protocols implementation. The study will focus on the

answers of the respondents about the level of practice on the implementation

of health protocols.

Definitions of Terms

For better understanding, the following terms are defined:

COVID-19. A coronavirus-caused acute respiratory infection in humans

that can cause severe symptoms and, in rare cases, death, especially in the

elderly and those with underlying medical issues. It was first discovered in

China in 2019 and was declared pandemic in 2020

Health. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-

being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Protocol. System of rules that explain the right behaviour and processes

to be followed in formal scenarios.

Implementation. The process of turning something into something active

or effective, such as a new policy.

MDRRMO. Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management office or

MDRRMO guarantees that the civil protection program is implemented

effectively and efficiently using an integrated, multi-sectoral, and community-

based strategy and tactics for the protection and preservation of life, property,

and the environment

RHU. Rural Health Unit or RHU serves as the main source of free basic

healthcare for rural communities.

Review of Related Literature and Study

It was on March 11, 2020 that the World Health Organization declared

the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. The disease, having almost similar

qualities of the Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome of 2003 and the seasonal

influenza, originated from the city of Wuhan, China. It was ought to have

started in a wet market in Wuhan City of the Hubei Province where seafood

and exotic wildlife are sold to cater to Chinese cuisine preferences. This

dubbed Hubei, Wuhan, China as ground zero for the said pandemic. Its initial

carrier was said to be Rhinolophus (horseshoe bats), as the disease strain

found in these species was similar to SARS-CoV-2. In the same market, there

were horseshoe bats, and the spread of disease was thought to be associated

with the species itself, the bat droppings, and the contaminated area proximal

or within the premises of the involved wet market (Lai et al., 2020).
 The first case appeared and was recorded in Wuhan, China on

December 2019, as an infection of unknown nature with flu-like

symptoms. Later on the incline of cases from December 2019 to January

2020 was reported to the World Health Organization. At the time, it was

considered novel or new therefore initially bearing the name 2019-nCoV

or the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Sarkodie & Owusu, 2020). The disease

had a very unpredictable nature, as scientists cannot pinpoint its

etiology, virulence, behavior, and manner of dissemination. As per

declaration of the World Health Organization, the name was later then

changed into Coronavirus Disease 2019, more commonly known as

COVID-19. Its naming was based on genetic structure, more so that the

virus behind this disease is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronavirus 2, which used to be an unclassified betacoronavirus - one of

the four genera under the family of Coronaviridae, according to a

scientific study conducted by Hemmati et al. (2020).

Coronavirus disease 2019 has a zoonotic origin as mentioned in

the previous paragraph, and its virulence is mainly contributed to its

morphology and structure. Much like the seasonal influenza and

common colds caused by variants of Coronavirus, SARS-CoV2 is an

enveloped, spherical, and relatively large for a virus bearing the size of

120 nanometers in diameter. It has a lipid bilayer where the membrane

(M), envelope (E), and spikes (S) are protected and housed, according

to a scientific study done by Hemmati et al. (2020). This explains why

proper handwashing lasting for at least 20 seconds with soap and water
combined with enough brisk pressure can effectively avoid infection - as

the lipid bilayer can be broken down with the help of the surfactants

chemical action, and constant mechanical efforts by the person itself

(Pramod, et al., 2020).

Moreover, the genome of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that it is single

stranded, monopartite, linear, and positive sense RNA. The spikes (S) is

one hallmark portion of the virus structure that plays a large importance.

The spikes are what attaches to the receptors in the human body. It has

been observed in the study of Qui et al. (2020) , that the virus’ spikes are

very compatible to the ACE 2 receptor which are abundant in the human

respiratory system. The ACE2 receptor serves as the entry point of the

virus to the host’s cells, effectively replicating and bringing out the

manifestations of the disease.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 is known to exhibit flu-like symptoms,

due to the fact that its structure and genome is much similar to other

influenza variants and related diseases. Dry cough is a common

symptom exhibited by at least 76% of respondents according to a study

carried out by Gulati et al. (2020). Furthermore, there is a presence of

fever (98% of respondents), dyspnea (55%), muscle pain, and diarrhea

which are the most common clinical manifestations. A recent discovery

was a symptom that is unique only to Coronavirus Disease 2019, which

was only later found out in the further stretch of the pandemic. There

was an exhibition of the loss of taste or ageusia, and noted was also the
loss of olfactory function in the midst of the infection as studied by da

Costa et al. (2020). This symptom, also disappears once the patient has

recovered, especially those with the milder case.

The viral pathogen is a potent destructor of the respiratory

symptom, cases ranging from mild, where patients can quarantine and

medicate at home, to severe where patients are admitted in intensive

care units and facilities requiring mechanical ventilation and other further

supportive therapy for as long as possible until recovery. As it is known

to bind with the ACE2 receptors in the human body, its mode of

transmission has posed a challenge to today’s society. It is spread via

airborne droplets which can spread and diffuse as far as 8 feet without

proper protective gear such as surgical disposable masks and social

distancing. It can also be transmitted through contact with a surface that

has been landed with the aerosol droplets followed by an unconscious

contact with mucous membranes found in the eyes, nose, and mouth. As

a coronavirus, it is undoubtable that it can be easily transmitted from

person to person. This has called for stricter social measures to prevent

the extensive spread such as social distancing, isolation, quarantines,

avoidance of travelling locally or internationally, and avoidance of places

with large crowds (Al-Qhatani, 2020).

In the Philippines, the first suspected case was reported on

January 22, 2020. According to the comprehensive study, the first two

cases were a Chinese couple, the woman was 39 years of age, and the
man was 44 years of age. The woman was asymptomatic, but confirmed

through PCR via swab test on January 30, 2020. As her symptoms have

resolved, she was discharge. The man had shown signs and symptoms,

which his infection was also confirmed through PCR via swab test on

January 31, 2020. In his case, his health has declined and deteriorated

to a point of a cardiac arrest that can no longer be revived. He was

declared to be the first death outside the borders of the Chinese country.

These two patients were admitted at the San Lazaro Hospital, Manila.

According to health histories, they were healthy, and came to the

Philippines for vacation. These cases exhibit the spectrum of the disease

in terms of severity and manifestations. It was then followed by 663

suspected cases in March, some caused by international travels and

later on local transmissions (Edrada et al., 2020).

As of August 10, 2020, the Philippines has already had a total of

136,638 cases. In this metric, current or active cases have already

reached over 66,000 with deaths as much as 2,000 over the last 5

months of community quarantine and lockdown (Department of Health,

2020). The country has adopted different lockdown and community

quarantine strategies in order to salvage the sudden and unprecedented

public health downfall and rapid spread of the disease all over the

country, which is headed by the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging

Infectious Diseases, a government-led task force created through

Executive Order No. 168 of 2014. The IATF-EID is responsible for

establishing systems and implementing local and nationwide measures

to stall the widespread disease transmission and mortality rates, and

spearheading initiatives for Filipinos affected by the global pandemic in

health, safety, economic aspects, and so on (The Official Gazette,

2020).

The IATF-EID of the Philippines also releases guidelines and

protocols of which the citizens of the country will be subjected to, which

shall be implemented by the local government units with the

collaboration of other government agencies. All of IATF-EID’s functions

were made effective on May 26, 2020. Courtesy of the Department of

Health as member of the Inter-Agency task Force foe Emerging

Infectious Diseases, the Administrative Order 20200015 or the

“Guidelines on Risk-Based Public Health Standards for COVID-19

Mitigation” put into immediate effect. It contains different strategies that

can be applied by the nation’s local government units (LGUs) to further

strengthen the country’s response to the pandemic as declared by the

World Health Organization.

The Philippines, known as a low-middle income earning,

archipelagic country, relies on natural resources, the service sector, and

most especially tourism, as far as its economic progress is concerned. In

the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, Amit, Pepito, and Dayrit (2020) has

stated that this has posed a challenge to the Filipino society. Focus was

put on the public health capabilities of the nation, where this is

considered a shortcoming of the nation’s healthcare system in cases of

public health emergency. In the same study, it has been revealed that

the country lacks bed capacities for this highly emergent situation,

limiting it to only one hospital bed and 1.3 physicians per 1,000 people

nationwide. Although the initiative of a more localized healthcare system

has been established, from national down to barangay units, most units

are under-equipped for situations like these. In order to mitigate the

widespread transmission beyond the capabilities of the Philippine

healthcare delivery system, the country has adopted the following

measures and strategies to minimize the number of infections, severe

cases, and mortalities: (1) Travel bans, (2) community interventions such

as different modes of minimal public health standards, quarantines,

curfews, and suspension of work, classes, and public transportation, (3)

risk communication, and (4) testing done in small scales but giving

special attention for returnees and travellers. These interventions come

at a high cost, putting the Philippine nation under the state of an

economic recession (Amit, 2020). Moreover, these efforts are best to

mitigate the spread and containment of the disease in the absence of

vaccinations and targeted, specific antivirals and medications for those

who are actively infected (Lai et al., 2020).

 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research design, research locale, research subject

and data gathering procedures used in interpretation of the findings of the

study.

Research Design

The descriptive method of research will be used in this study. Wherein,

it is the method that describe the characteristics of the variables under study.

This quantitative research study aims to determine the level of practice on

health protocols implementation in the Municipality of Biliran.

Research Locale

The research will be conducted at a randomly chosen municipality in

Biliran.

Research Instruments

The research instruments that will be used in the study is survey

questionnaire which will be self-made questionnaire. The said survey
questionnaire will be composed of open-ended questions about the health
protocols implemented in the municipality of Biliran.

Data Gathering Procedure

 In this study, the researcher will conduct a comprehensive step-by-step

method for obtaining important data. The data gathering method will be

carried out using a survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire will be

carried out to the selected residents in Municipality of Biliran. The survey

questionnaire will be self-made questionnaire and composed of open-ended

questions. The respondents will given allotted time to let them answer the

survey question comfortably. The private conversation between the

researcher and the participants will be observed. The information gathered is

kept secure and recorded verbatim, but participants' identities are kept

anonymous.

Sample and Sampling Technique

The researchers will use the cluster sampling where the researchers

divides the population into groups, then takes a random sample from each

cluster.

Statistical Tool Data

Data Scoring

Since the researchers will let the respondents to rate the survey
questionnaires, the following ranges and its corresponding interpretation will
be best described by:

5 – Always
4 – Frequently
3 – Sometimes
2 – Rarely
1 – Never
Interpretation of the Data Scoring
APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Biliran
BILIRAN SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Biliran, Biliran

ROWENA P. GABUYA
School Head
Biliran Science High School

Dear Ma’am;
Greetings of Peace!
In partial fulfillment of our requirements for the subject Practical
Research II, we grade 12-STEM of section Heracles would like to ask a
permission from your own good office to conduct our research entitled LEVEL
OF PRACTICE ON HEALTH PRTOCOLS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
MUNICIPALITY OF BILIRAN. Attached questionnaire reviewed by some
authorized personnel to be distributed to the respondent s of the study.
We believe that you are with us in our enthusiasm to finish the
requirements as compliance for our subject and to develop our well-being. We
hope for you positive response on this matter. Your approval to conduct this
study is greatly appreciated.

Thank You and God bless!

Respectfully yours,

MEJARITO, ANGELCA
GELIZON, JOHNUEL
GELIZON, JOAN
DANIEL, MATTHEW LEXAM

Noted by:

Recommending Approval: Approved by:

JEROME B. PALCONIT ROWENA P. GABUYA
Research Teacher School Principal
 APPENDIX B

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Biliran
BILIRAN SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Biliran, Biliran

February, 2022

Sir/Madame:
Good Day!
We are the senior high school students of Biliran Science High School and
presently conducting a research entitled entitled “LEVEL OF PRACTICE ON
HEALTH PRTOCOLS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF
BILIRAN” In this regard, we are asking for your precious time and effort to
answer all the questions in the questionnaire that are important and helpful for
the completion of the study. Rest assured that all the data gathered from you
will be kept in the highest level of confidentiality.
Your positive response in this request will be a valuable contribution for the
success of the study and will highly be appreciated.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,
MEJARITO, ANGELICA
GELIZON, JOAN
GELIZON, JOHNUEL
DANIEL, MATTHEW LEXAM

Noted by:
JEROME B. PALCONIT
Research Teacher

Hilda Alba
Research Adviser
QUESTIONNAIRE
 QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent,

Please indicate in the space provided your answers to the

following question by ticking (✓) where applicable. Please note

that your personal information and other details provided by you

will kept confidential.

SECTION A: PERSONAL DATA COLLECTION

Name: ________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________
1. Gender:

Male ( )

Female ( )

2. Age:

Below 18 ( )

18-30 ( )

31-60 ( )

Above 61 ( )

3. Educational Attainment:

High School ( )

High School Graduate ( )

College ( )

College Graduate ( )

Academic Degree Holder ( )

4. Marital Status;

Single ( )
 Married ( )

Divorced ( )

Widowed ( )

5. Economic Status:

Stable ( )

Unstable ( )

SECTION B. RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

The following questionnaire are the health protocols implemented in

the municipality of Biliran. Please put a check mark in the relevant

column.

Always Frequently Sometimes Rarely Never

(5) (4) (3) (2) (2)
Indicators

1. I wear facemask
and face shield when
going into public
places
2. I'm doing the 1
meter distance from
each other.
3. I maintain clean
environment to prevent
COVID-19.
4. I present my QR
code when going
outside and inside of
the border.
5. I present my
vaccination card when
going outside and
inside of the border.
6. To prevent the
infection of COVID-19,
I avoid going to
crowded places and
avoid taking public
transportation.
7. I don’t engage in
unnecessary physical
contact with others.
8. I stay at home if I
have a cough or fever
in the last 72 hours.
9. I cover my mouth
and nose while
coughing or sneezing.
10. I practice proper
hygiene.
11.I cooperate in
checking my
temperature in public
places
12.I avoid crowded
gatherings
13. I wash my hands
regularly.
14. I keep my
unwashed hands away
from my face.
15. I seek medical
attention immediately if
I have fever, cough,
and difficulty in
breathing.
16. I self-isolate when
developing symptoms
or test positive for
COVID-19 until I
recover.
17. Handshaking and
other physical contact
are discouraged for
me.
18. I avoid touching my
eyes, nose, or mouth
with my unwashed
hands.
19. I cooperate in
taking vaccine shots to
prevent COVID 19.
20. I avoid sharing
personal stuffs to
prevent the infection of
COVID 19.

Other (please specify): ____________________________________

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Al-Qahtani, A. A. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Emergence, history, basic
and clinical aspects. Saudi Journal of Biological
Sciences.

Amit, A. L., BS, Pepito, V. F., MSc, & Dayrit, M. M., MD, MSc.
(2020). The Philippine sin the time of COVID-19: Early
Experiences and challenges of a resource-limited
country.

Aquino, B., III. (2014, May 26). Executive Order No. 168, s.
2014: GOVPH. Retrieved August 13, 2020, from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/05/26/executive-
order-no-168-s-2014/

Cooper, I., Mondal, A., & Antonopoulos, C. G. (2020). A SIR

model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in
different communities. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 139,
110057.

Duque III, F. T., MD, MSc. (april 27, 2020). Administrative Order
2020-0015 or the Guidelines on the Risk-Based Public
Health Standards for COVID-19 Mitigation. Department
of Health, 126.

Edrada, E. M., Lopez, E. B., Villarama, J., Salva - Villarama, E.

P., Dagoc, B. F., Smith, C., . . . Solante, R. M. (2020).
First COVID19 infections in the Philippines: A case
report. Tropical Medicine and Health, 48(21), 1-7.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00203-0

Hemmati, F., Saedi, S., Hemmati-Dinarvand, M., Zarei, M., &

Seghatoleslam, A. (2020). Mysterious Virus: A Review
on Behavior and Treatment Approaches of the Novel
Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. Archives of Medical
Research, 51(5) , 375-383. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.
2020.04.022

Gulati, A., Pomeranz, C., Qamar, Z., Thomas, S., Frisch, D.,
George, G., Sundaram, B. (2020). A Comprehensive
Review of Manifestations of Novel Coronaviruses in the
Context of Deadly COVID-19 Global Pandemic. The
 AmericanJournal of the Medical Sciences, 360(1), 5-34.
doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.006

Lai, C., Shih, T., Ko, W., Tang, H., & Hsueh, P. (2020). Severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2)
and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The
epidemic and the challenges. International Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3) , 105924.
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag. 2020.105924

Ortiz-Prado, E., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gomez-Barreno, L.,

RubioNeira, M., Guaman, L. P., Kyriakidis, N., López-
Cortés, A. (2020). Clinical, Molecular and Epidemiological
Characterization of the SARS-CoV2 Virus and the
CoronavirusDisease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Literature
Review. doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0283.v1

Qiu, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, Q., Li, J., Zhou, Z., Liao, C., & Ge, X.
(2020). Predicting the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
(ACE2) Utilizing Capability as the Receptor of SARS-
CoV-2. doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0091.v1

Sarkodie, S. A., & Owusu, P. A. (2020). Investigating the cases

of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)in China using
dynamic statistical techniques. Heliyon, 6(4).
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03747

Sintema, E. J. (2020). Effect of COVID-19 on the performance of

grade 12 students: Implications for STEM
education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and
Technology Education, 16(7), em1851.