WEARABLE BIOSENSORS

Presented by
CK. Vishaali Rani
EIE, IV year
16BD1A1009
 • Introduction
Contents • Need for Biosensors
• Components of a biosensor
• Developments in biosensors
• Ring sensors
 Components
 Working
 Applications
 Advantages and Disadvantages

• Smart Shirt
 Working
 Applications
 Advantages and Disadvantages
• Future Trends
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction
• Wearable sensors and systems have evolved to the point that
they can be considered ready for clinical application.
• Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a biological
response into an electrical signal.
• Wearable monitoring devices allow continuous or
intermittent monitoring of physiological signals.
• It is critical for both diagnosis as well as treatment of diseases.
Introduction(cont...)
• They typically rely on wireless miniature sensors
enclosed in bandages or items that can be worn.
• Data recorded form these is processed to predict the
possible worsening of the patient’s clinical condition.
 Need for Biosensors

• Remote monitoring of patients.

• Training support for athletes.
• Monitoring of individuals who work in hazardous
environments.
• Tracking of professional truck driver’s vitals to alert them
of fatigue.
 Components of a Biosensor
They have three main components:
• Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration of
a substance (like tissue, microorganisms, etc.)
• Transducer: This is the detecting element which converts the
detected biological signal into an electrical signal.
• Associated electronics: The electrical signal may be further
processed and read on digital panels.
Developments in Biosensors
Today many types of Wearable Biosensors have been
developed which have been proving worthy in the field of
medical science. Some of them we are going to discuss are:
• Ring Sensor
• Smart Shirts
 Ring Sensor
• It is a pulse oximetry sensor and
allows one to continuously monitor
heart rate and oxygen saturation.
• It is shaped like a ring and therefore
can be worn for long periods of time.
• Based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Fig.-Ring sensor wore on a
• The ring sensor is equipped with a finger
low power transceiver for
bidirectional communication of
data.
Principle
• It works on the principle of plethysmography, which deals
with the study of changes in volume in different areas in our
body.
• Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor.
• Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces
a voltage.
Components of a Ring Sensor
• LED’s and Photodiodes
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
• First stage amplifier
• Signal Conditioner
• Sample and hold circuit
• Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a
cellular phone carried by the patient.
Working of a Ring Sensor
• In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart
contraction and expansion by photoelectric method,
normally photo resistors are used.
• Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery
and the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the
amount of light reaching it.
• Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated
blood
• A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to
motion of the finger.
Block Diagram
Applications
• Catastrophe detection.
• Wireless supervision of people during hazardous
operations.
• In an overcrowded emergency department.
• Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
• In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper
tension.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Continuous • Initial cost is high.
monitoring. • Limited number of
• Detection of transient physiological
phenomenon. parameters can be
• Easy to use and monitored.
flexible in nature.
• Reducing
hospitalization fee
Smart Shirts
• They are also known as
GTWM i.e. Georgia Tech
Wearable Motherboard.
• This GTWM (smart shirt)
provides an extremely
versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing,
monitoring and information
processing devices.
Smart Shirts(cont...)
• It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special
sensors to monitor the body’s vitals during combat
conditions.
• Woven into a single-piece garment (an undershirt) to fit
a 38-4o” chest.
• The plastic optical fiber is integrated into the structure
during the production process without any
discontinuities at the armholes.
Working
• A combat soldier pulls the smart shirt on, and attaches the
sensors to the smart shirt.
• A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a
receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are
connected to a Personal Status Monitor (PSM) worn at the
hip level by the soldier.
• If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver
inside the PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been
penetrated (i.e.; the soldier has been shot).
Working(cont…)
• The signal bounces back to the PSM from the point of
penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the
exact location the solider wounds.
• This information is transmitted electronically from the
PSM to a medical unit.
Working(cont…)
Working(cont…)
Applications
• Combat casualty care.
• Medical monitoring.
• Sports/ Performance monitoring.
• Space experiments.
• Mission critical/ hazardous application.
• Fire- fighting.
• Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Continuous • Initial cost is high
monitoring. • Battery life is less
• Right Treatment at
the right time.
• Easy to wear and
takeoff.
Future Trends
• Smart shirt technology opens up existing opportunities to develop adaptive
& responsive systems that can based on the conditions & environment.
• During an allergic reaction due to stings ,a person needs a shot of
adrenaline immediately to prevent further fatalities. By applying
advancements in MEMS(Micro-Electrochemical systems) technology we
can achieve that.
• The Smarts shirt’s delta acquisition capabilities can be used to detect the
condition when an individual is lapsing into a diabetic shock and provide
the appropriate response.
Conclusion
• It is anticipated that the smart shirt will bring personalized
& affordable healthcare monitoring to the population at
large.
• Limitations: Sensitivity And battery life .
• Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have
dramatically altered the landscape of healthcare delivery
and practice of medicine as we know them today. It is
leading to the realization of -
“Affordable Healthcare, Anyplace and Anytime”
References
• www.studymafia.org
• Park and Jayaraman, “Enhancing the quality of life through wearable
technology”, IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine,
VOL 22, Pg. 41-48 May/June 2003.
• http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu
• H. Harry Asada, “Mobile monitoring with wearable ppg sensors”, IEEE
engineering in medicine and biology magazine, VOL 22, Pg. 28-39
May/June 2003.
• http://www.seminarsonly.com
Any Queries?