shsph.blogspot.

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Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency : Draft Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and Details

Module title : Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and

Details

Nominal Duration : 30 hours

INTRODUCTION:

This module is designed to familiarize students with the concept of

sanitary disposal of waste and the principle of introducing clean water in to
the residential unit from source. It will also help the students understand
the intricacy of designing and planning a sanitary plumbing and sewerage
layout. It also familiarizes them with the different abbreviations and
symbols used in the drafting of sanitary and plumbing layout, the materials
used for its construction and the different kinds of fittings intended for a
sound construction of the layout.

Plumbing drawings are prepared to a very small-scale. Therefore

schematic symbols are used for drawing plumbing lines, fixture and other
components as they actually appear. These symbols are used to show the
type and location of fixtures, valves, joints and other plumbing devices.

Plumbing is considered as an art and science. It is the installation of

pipes, fixtures apparatus in buildings to convey water, discharges and other
substances. The concept of plumbing and its importance however, became
more defined and appreciated today. The person involved in the installation
of all these fixtures is a plumber, which was derived from the latin word
plumbum meaning lead, the metal used for pipes.

Sanitation and health are just some of the consideration for a more
responsive, well designed and installed plumbing system.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1 Draft water distribution systems; and

LO2 Draft sanitary and storm drainage

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TECHNICAL TERMS

Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed with

copper to increase hardness and strength.

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Check Valve is used to close systems and to connect pipes that have to be
disassembled occasionally.

Coupling is used to connect straight section pipes.

Galvanize means to treat with a bath of lead and zinc to prevent rusting.

Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely open
most of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow of water

Globe valves have approximately spherical bodies and are commonly used
where close regulation of flow is desired.

Diagrammatic Layout is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.

Elbow is used to change direction of a pipeline either at 90 degrees or 45

degrees
Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.

Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of wastewater sewage.

Plumbing system refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.

Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.

Scale Layout is used for drafting large pipes.

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Program/Course : Drafting Technology

Unit of Competency : Draft Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and

Details

Module Title : Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout

and Details

Learning Outcome 1 : Draft Water Distribution Systems

Assessment Criteria:

1. Hot and Cold water distribution systems are drafted according to

Plumbing Code and Water Code of the Philippines.
2. Signs and symbols are identified according to architectural
requirements.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell,Spencer,Hill,Dygdon, Technical Drawing; Prentice Hall
Simon Schuster, 1998

French, Vierck, Foster. Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology,

Macgraw Hill Co. 1986

Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Plumbing Design and Estimate, 5138 Merchandizing,

1984

Hepler, Donald E and Wallack, Paul I, Architecture: Drafting and Design,

JMC Dress Incorporated, 1987

Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Building Construction, 5138 Merchandizing, 1984

Ripka, L.V. , Plumbing Installation and Design, American Technical

Publishers, 1987

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome No. 1: Draft Water Distribution Systems

Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read Information Sheet #1.1  Take note of the details and

remember the terminologies
2. Answer Self Check # 1.1

3. Compare your Answer to the

Answer Key

4. Proceed to Activity #. 1.1  Try to perform the activity

5. Read Information Sheet # 1.2

6. Answer Self Check # 1.2

7. Read Information Sheet # 1.3

8. Answer Self Check # 1.3

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

One of man’s essential needs is water. He could live for days without
food but not without water, which is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
Water appears in its natural state (liquid) or solid (ice) and gas (vapor) or
steam
Water is 830 times heavier that air but is 133 times lighter in its
gaseous state. Water can be sourced from: rain water, natural surface water
and underground water
Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household
through a system of pipes.
Water distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings
are conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron or G.I. pipe.
Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes
connected from the source under pressure to the building fixtures thru a
water line distribution system.

Pipes used for water line distribution systems may be classified as:

1. Steel and wrought iron pipe

2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride),Aluminum and
Stainless Steel pipes, and CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride ) pipe

Water main refers to the public sewer system along the streets, or laid
underground where the service to the house is connected. Water coming
from it is under pressure but normally could serve only houses of moderate
height. Otherwise, a pump is installed to augment the pressure, pressure is
the force required to move the water inside the pipe.
The size of the service pipe is governed by the demand for water,
maximum demand is one factor, or the maximum water discharge for
plumbing fixtures and the probable demand is another, which is the peak
demand or peak load.

Connection of Pipes

Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and the
demands of service. Steel, brass or bronze pipes are normally threaded and
screwed into coupling and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent lengths
of pipes and to provide changes of direction, and branch connections at any
angle and to effect a change in size.

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Connections
1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by bolded flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections

Common types of fittings

1. Screwed fittings
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)

Valves

1. Gate valves
2. Globe valves
3. Check valves
4. Pressure reducing valves
5. Safety valves

Valves are specified by giving the nominal size, material and ride.

Kinds of Fittings

1. Elbows are used to change direction of a pipeline either 90

degrees or 45 degrees
2. Tee connects three pipes
3. Cross connects four pipes
4. Couplings are used to connect straight section pipes
5. Reducers are used to connect straight section pipes of different
sizes.
6. Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends and
classified as close nipple and short nipple.
7. Cap is used to close the end of a pipe.
8. Plug is used to close an opening in a fitting
9. Bushing is used to reduce the size of an opening.
10. Unions are used to close systems and to connect pipes that are
to be disassembled occasionally.

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Systems of Drawing Pipe Layout

1. Scale Layout are used for large pipes

2. Diagrammatic lay out are used for architectural plans.

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SELF CHECK # 1.1

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the correct answer and write it
on a separate sheet of paper.

__________ 1. It is used to stop or regulate the flow of fluids

__________ 2. It is used to limit the flow of fluids to one

direction only.

__________ 3. It is used to connect three pipes.

__________ 4. It is used to connect straight section pipes of different

sizes.

__________ 5. They are short pieces of pipes threaded at both

ends.

__________ 6. They are full sized straightway openings that offer

small resistance to the flow of fluids.

__________ 7. It is used to join adjacent length of pipes.

__________ 8. It is used to close the end of a pipe.

__________ 9. It is used to close an opening or fitting.

__________ 10. It is a kind of layout for pipes used in architectural

plans.

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ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

Identification of the different kinds of pipe fittings and pipe material

Procedure:

1. Let the students assemble themselves into groups of 3 to 5

(depending upon the number of students in the class)
2. Let them identify the different kinds of pipes used in plumbing
as to the material used in the manufacture and the different
kinds of pipes fittings.
3. With a leader leading the group, let them write down their
answers on a piece of paper.
4. The students will then complete their answers by writing down
the characteristics, and use of each pipe, fittings and flanges.
5. The teacher checks and assesses the learning by using the
assessment criteria.

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2

LO1 Draft Water Distribution Systems

An understanding of the plumbing system is important to the

designer or draftsman. Although plumbing plans may be omitted on small
residential dwellings, they are always included in larger projects for small
residences; the plumbing layout is left to the contractor or the owner to
decide.

A plumbing system performs two major functions which are ;

1. For Water Distribution

2. Sewage Disposal

Water distribution systems, whether hot or cold, are distributed by pipes

from the source to the house. Amenities as discussed earlier, when tracing
the path of the supply of water and fixtures fittings, the architectural
designer uses symbols to indicate the distribution system and the different
fixtures. The water distribution system is shown in an elevation, on plan
and on isometry using the different symbols, hence this is called a
schematic drawing.

In drawing the layout, here are the common symbols used for cold water
line and sanitary layout.

PLAN/ PICTORIAL SYMBOL

COMMON PLUMBING SYMBOLS

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SANITARY & PLUMBING SYMBOLS LEGEND/ABBREVIATION

Water Closet …………………………………………….. WC

Vent at Ceiling ………………………………………….. VAC
Vent Stack thru Roof ………………………………….. VSTR
Cold Water Line
Hot Water Line
Concrete Drain Pipe …………………………………… CDP
Cast Iron Soil Pipe …………………………………….. CISP
Down Spout …………………………………………….. DS
Cast Iron Vent Stack ………………………………….. CISS
Cast Iron Vent Stack ………………………………….. CIVS
Vent At Ceiling …………………………………………. VAC
Vent Stack Thru Roof ………………………………… VSTR
Catch Basin …………………………………………….. CB
Junction Box ……………………………………………. JB
Water Meter ……………………………………………… WM
Galvanize Iron Pipe Water Line …………………….. GIPWL
Cold Water Riser ……………………………………….. CWR
Cold Water Down Feed ……………………………….. CWDF
Fire Line ………………………………………………….. FL
Deck Drain ………………………………………………. DD
Canopy Drain …………………………………………… CD
Sprinkle Riser …………………………………………… SPR
Dry Stand Pipe Riser ………………………………….. DSPR
Fire Hose Cabinet ……………………………………… FHC
Lavatory ………………………………………………….. LAV.
Water Closet …………………………………………….. WC
Floor Drain ………………………………………………. FD
Clean Out ………………………………………………… CO

Like most architectural drawings, plumbing drawings are

drawn to a small scale. It would be unrealistic to draw all fixtures
and lines on the drawing paper. Therefore schematic symbols are
used for various plumbing fixtures and lines. They are used to
show the type and location of fixtures, joints values and other
devices.
The difference in appearance of an orthographic drawing of
fixtures and other devices with that of a schematic drawing is
shown in the figure.

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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL

Double Brach Elbow – DBL
EL

Straight Cross - STX

Safety valve – SFTY V

Gate Valve – GT V

Hand Valve – HND V

Pipe Outlet Up - P

Pipe Outlet Down - P

Coupling - CPLG

Elbow 90° - EL

Elbow 45° - EL

Tee 90° - T

Lateral 90° - LAT

Clean Out - CO

Reducer - RED

Pipe Outlet Down

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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL

Flanged Fittings – FL FT

Screwed Fittings – SC FT

Bell and Spigot Fittings – BL/SP

FT

Welded Fitting – WLD FT

Soldered Fitting – SLD FT

Expansion Joint – EXP JT

Motor Operated Vehicle –

MOP V

Meter – M

Floor Drain - FD

Cess Pool – CP

Dry Well - DW

Septic Tank – SEP TNK

SEPTIC – TANK Distribution

Box – SEP TANK DIS BX

SUMP PIT - SP

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SELF CHECK # 1.2

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

A. Draw the symbols for the following terms on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Faucet
2. Hose bibb
3. Water closet
4. Lavatory
5. Gate valve
6. Water meter
7. Shower
8. Kitchen sink
9. Floor drain
10. Clean out

B. Enumeration: Enumerate the following and write the answer on a

separate sheet of paper.

Five (5) classifications of pipes

Five (5) common types of pipe fittings
Five (5) types of check valves

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OPERATION SHEET # 1.2

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

Draft a water line layout for a Toilet and Bath

Procedure:

1. From the given plan of a T&B, let each student indicate the location of bathroom fixtures
by drawing the symbols of each on the place where they think is the best location.

2. In as much as the kitchen is adjacent to the toilet and bath, naturally the source of water
supply comes from that direction. Let the students draw the layout of the water supply line to
the different fixtures they have identified.

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3. Let the students draw on the water supply line to indicate the pipe fittings used and the
different fixtures and the water flow.

4. After highlighting the pipe fittings used and indicated the water supply source and its flow,
darken the supply line and indicate the pipe and fixture specifications by writing them beside
the fixtures as indicated by the arrow. Then, let them write down the legend for
identification.

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.3

LO1. Draft Water Distribution Systems

The Water Line Layout

The water distribution system is the network of pipes and fittings for
conveying water to the plumbing fixtures while the system of pipes and
fittings for carrying off wastes is referred to as sanitary installation

A typical diagram of the plumbing system of a single detached one storey dwelling units.

A TYPICAL PLUMBING SYSTEM

The building water entrance pipe is connected to the main water main
long the street by means of a corporation cock, if the water is supplied by
the community. The amount of water passing thru the water service is
measured by the water meter. If water service is supplied thru a deepwell, a
water meter is not necessary. From this, the water pipes branch out to the
fixtures inside the residential unit requiring water.
Clean water lines are represented on plan by a visible line and two
dashes, while sanitary lines are represented by a bold continuous line. The
fixtures are indicated by their common symbols. Storm drainage lines are
drawn with two invisible lines that run parallel to each other. While vent
pipes are bold hidden lines.
The operation of the basic plumbing system is readily understood
through the diagram shown here;

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To get water to a structure for use by the tenants and to remove
sewage and unwanted water is the purpose of a plumbing system.

A SAMPLE PLUMBING LAYOUT

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Pictorial drawing showing the

meanings of the symbols used in
the Plumbing Plan and Diagram

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WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS REQUIRED FOR

INSTALLING COMMONLY USED PLUMBING FIXTRURES

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A typical installation of a water distribution using PVC pipes
with G.I. Pipes for in-house is done with PVC pipes adapter fittings. To
obtain watertight joints, solvent cement is applied.

uPVC ADAFTER FITTING FOR uPVC-TO-GALVANIZED

IRON WATER PIPING CONNECTORS

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OPERATION SHEET # 1.3

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems (Layout)

Procedure: From the plan shown, let the student indicate the location of
water fixtures by drawing their symbols on the place they think is the most
suitable location for each. Let the students indicate the water supply source
from the street water branch

KS

BEDROOM
DINE/KIT

LIVING

BEDROOM

2. After locating and indicating the location of the fixtures, let the students
draw the water line connection from the water source. The students will also
indicate the position of the water meter and the check valve based on their
layout and the source of water supply.

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3. The pipe fittings and the fixtures are then drawn on the water line layout
to show the different kinds of fittings use, and write down the specifications
of the material used.

4. After indicating and writing down the material used for the pipe and
fittings, the students now darkens the water layout and write down the
abbreviations on the fixtures together with the legend to distinguish the
different water fixtures.

LEGEND
F Faucet
GV Gate Valve
HB Hose Bibb
WM Water Meter
WC Water Closet
SHO Shower Head
LAV Lavatory
GIP Galvanized Iron Pipe

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SELF CHECK # 1.3

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch a clean water line layout.

Required:

1 faucet
1 shower head
1 lavatory
1 water closet

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OPERATION SHEET # 1.3

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems (Isometric)

Procedure:

1. From the preceding water line layout, determine which axis is to be used to present the
diagram

2. Indicate the height of water fixtures according to scale ratio used and based on accepted
architectural standards.

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3. Layout water distribution system and indicate location of fittings fixtures.

4. Finalize drawing and draw legend

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SELF CHECK # 1.4

LO1.Draft Water Distribution Systems

Directions: From the plumbing layout drawn, draft the isometric plumbing
diagram. Use standard height.

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Program/Course : Drafting Technology

Unit of Competency : Draft Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and

Details

Module Title : Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout

and Details

Learning Outcome 2: Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Assessment Criteria:
1. Sewerage plan layout is drawn according to the Plumbing Code of the
Philippines.
2. Storm drainage plan is drafted according to the Plumbing Code of the
Philippines.
3. Detail drawings and symbols are drawn according to architectural
requirements.

Giesecke, Mitchell,Spencer,Hill,Dygdon, Technical Drawing; Prentice Hall

Simon Schuster, 1998

French, Vierck, Foster. Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology,

Macgraw Hill Co. 1986

Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Plumbing Design and Estimate, 5138 Merchandizing,

1984

Hepler, Donald E and WALLACH, Paul I, Architecture: Drafting and Design,

IMC Dress Incorporated, 1987

Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Building Construction, 5138 Merchandizing, 1984

Ripka, L.V., Plumbing Installation and Design, American Technical

Publishers, 1987

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome No. 2: Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Learning Activities Special Instruction

1. Read Information Sheet # 2.1

2. Answer Self Check # 2.1  Try to perform the best you

can
3. Compare your Answer from
the Answer Key

4. Proceed to Activity # 2.1  Try to perform the activity

5. Proceed to Activity # 2.2

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INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Wastewater is discharged by gravity through the disposal system. All

pipes in this system therefore must slant in a downward direction so the
weight of the waste will cause it to move down. Because of this gravity flow,
waste lines are larger than water lines. The stacks are the vertical lines
while the branches are the horizontal lines. Vents are also provided for air
circulation and to permit sewer gases to escape thru the roof. This equalizes
the air pressure in the drainage system.
The wastewater flows starting at the fixture trap, which is provided to
stop gases from entering the building and each fixture has a separate trap
or seal to prevent backflow of sewer gas, through the fixture branches to the
main sewer line.
Waste stacks carry only wastewater while solid wastes runs thru the
soil lines, which are the largest in the system and are flushed with water
after each use.
Piping systems are vital to modern society. Some systems may be
complex; others may be simple such as in a residential dwelling unit. But
they share some common elements, whether they are steel, plastic, copper
pipes or tubing.

Sanitary and storm drainage for residential dwelling are either

wrought – iron pipes, PVC pipes and for drainage is either concrete pipe or
PVC pipe. The more common today is the UPVC pipe.

Polyvinyl pipe and fittings are available in commercial length of 3.0

meters and also available in schedule 40 and 80. They are usually
assembled with slip joint fittings and solvent, both PVC and CPVC pipes are
commonly available in sizes ranging from ½’ to 4” inside diameter.

The sanitary and Storm Drainage System.

The sanitary installation is referred to as the network of pipes and

fittings that carry off wastes and each plumbing fixture is titled with the
appropriate pipe and fitting. The discharges are conveyed to the septic vault.
The storm drainage system, on the other hand, consists of pipes,
fittings, catch basins, area drain and is intended for getting rid off water
from the building roof and its surrounding and is conveyed to the street
sewer. The storm drainage is considered part of the plumbing system.
The pipe used for sanitary and storm drainage most common to
homeowners and contractors are the plastic pipe or PVC pipes and the
concrete pipe for area drain.

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The Sewage Disposal System

Absence of a good sewage disposal system can result to contamination

of water and water-borne diseases. It is important to value a good disposal
system.
There are different types of sewage disposal system, from the old to
the more scientific ones;
1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic Tank
4. Public Sewer line

The sanitary system is of two types; the intercepting and the tributary or
contributing sewer. The intercepting type is constructed with concrete
pipes while the tributary sewer is laid in an open trench and is made of
vitrified clay or bricks.

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The Septic Tank

The septic system converts solid wastes into liquid by bacterial action,
the wastes flow into a septic tank some distance away from the house.
The liquid waste flows thru to the sewer line while the sludge remains at
the digestion chamber of the tank.
The size and type of the system varies according to the number of
people served, the contour and soil type.
The septic tank is a receptacle for organic washes from the house
sewer. The septic tank decomposes the elements contained in a raw
sewage. It combines two processes; sedimentation and anaerobic
decomposition or the sludge. As organic washes are decomposed, the
septic tank produces gases in the process, such as methane gas.

The septic tank is constructed with reinforced concrete, and it should

be located at a safe distance from the source of potable water, and it
should also be airtight.

Inlet Outlet
Inlet

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SANITARY FITTING

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The Typical detail of a Septic Tank

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The size of the Septic Tank

The septic tank should be constructed as to have enough room for

accumulated sludge.
Here are some of the suggested sizes.

INSIDE DIMENSION OF DIGESTION CHAMBER

NUMBERS OF
D- DEPTH W- WIDTH L - LENGTH
PERSONS SERVED
METERS METERS METERS
10 1.20 0.90 1.30
15 1.20 1.00 2.20
20 1.20 1.25 2.50
25 1.20 1.40 2.80
30 1.30 1.50 3.00
35 1.30 1.60 3.20
40 1.40 1.65 3.30
45 1.40 1.75 3.50
50 1.50 1.80 3.60
55 1.50 1.85 3.90
70 1.50 2.00 4.00
80 1.60 2.20 4.40
90 1.80 2.30 4.50
100 1.80 2.50 5.00

SIZES OF SEPTIC VAULT

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SELF CHECK # 2.1

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Direction: Write down the abbreviations of the following terms on a separate

sheet of paper.

Terms

1. Concrete pipe
2. Catch basin
3. Area drain
4. Septic vault
5. Galvanized iron pipe
6. Wrought iron pipe
7. Vent stack thru roof
8. Polyvinyl chloride
9. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
10. Outside diameter

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OPERATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage (Layout)

Procedure

1. With the given floor plan, you are supposed to draw the sanitary
layout for this housing unit. You are to indicate first where you would
locate your septic vault outside the building.

2. After locating the place where you would construct your septic vault,
draw and indicate the location of the different storm drainage fixtures.

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3. Let the students indicate the location of the different sanitary fixtures
by drawing their symbols on the area where they are best located.
Then draw the layout, connecting all these fixtures and to the septic
vault with the sewer line connecting to the street sewer.

4. The student, after drawing the layout, will now indicate the different
pipes and fittings used by drawing their symbols on the sewer line
layout and write down also the material specification for the fixtures
used.

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INFORMATION SHEET # 2.2

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

The drainage system

The drainage system is sometimes referred to as the DWV or the
drainage, the waste and the vent system. The construction and installation
of this must conform to the provisions of the building and plumbing code.

Some of the general requirements are as follows;

1. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to avoid leakage.

2. Ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere
3. Each fixture must be provided with a suitable trap to prevent
backflow or gases
4. The fixture must be re-vented to avoid siphoning of the water seal.
5. Drainage pipes should be graded properly or slope
6. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate clean out.

The waste pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water
should be installed at 2% or 20mm slope per meter run. The size of the
waste pipe is to be considered in the installation as this pipe serves fixture
discharges. And when the pipe must be opened in case of trouble, a clean-
out should also be installed and must be accessible to the plumber.

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Slope or Pitch

The soil pipe receives and conveys drainage of water closets and other
fixtures to the house drain. It should be properly concealed or embedded
and should be placed in a manner that the branches should be as short as
possible. As a rule, it should extend and terminate through the roof of the
building.

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

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The House Drain

This is often referred to as the collection line because it receives

discharges of soil and washes within the building. It is classified into
different types.

1. Combined drain
2. Industrial drain
3. Sanitary drain
4. Storm drain

A typical house drain is shown below.

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The sanitary drain only receives discharges of sanitary and domestic wastes
only while the storm drain receives storm, clear water or surface water
wastes.

The House Sewer

The portion of the horizontal drainage system starts from the outer
surface of the dwelling and terminates at the public sewer. A minimum size
of 150mm(6ӯ) is used for residential dwellings

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The Storm Drain

It is the part of the plumbing system which conveys rain or storm

water into the street gutter. It is of two types; the inside storm drain and the
outside storm drain. Layout of the two is shown below.

The Catch Basin

It receives water discharges from the roof and conveys it to the storm
drainage line. It is more or less of the same use as the area drain. It also serves as
manhole for cleaning.

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A typical catch basin detail

Ventilation
In the plumbing system, it refers to the part which maintains a
balanced atmospheric pressure inside the pipes. They are commonly
referred to as vent. The functions are:
1. To prevent loss or trap seal
2. To prevent retardation of flow of liquids
3. To prevent deterioration of pipes.

There are different kinds of ventilation used. They are

1. Main soil and waste vent

2. Main vent
3. Individual vent
4. Unit vent
5. Circuit or loop vent
6. Relief vent

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7. Yoke vent
8. Wet vent
9. Looped vent
10. Local vent
11. Utility vent

All of these however can be grouped into two types namely; main soil
and waste vent and the main vent.

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SELF CHECK # 2.2

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch the Sewer line from the
fixtures to the street sewer. Label the drawing.

Requirements:
1 – Kitchen Sink
1 - Water closet
1 – Floor Drain
1 – Septic Vault
1 - Lavatory

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SELF CHECK # 2.2.1

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Directions: From the layout you drafted. Draw an isometric sewer line. Use
approved standard height of amenities.

Note: The students are provided with a copy of the plan.

FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:100 MTS

Requirements:

1- Kitchen Sink
1- Water Closet
1- Floor Drain
1- Septic Vault

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OPERATION SHEET # 2.2

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Operation: Draft a septic vault.

Procedure:

1. Look at the table for recommended sizes of septic vaults. See if the
number of persons in the household fits in the data for recommended
size of vault.
2. Take down the measurements: width, height and length. Transfer
such measurement on your drawing paper.
3. Draw the outline of the septic vault with your pencil using light
guidelines only. As you draw the outline, draw also the thickness of
the sides of the septic vault.

4. Indicate also the location of the manhole and the manhole cover.
After drawing the outline and re-checked your measurements, write
down your dimensions and you are ready to draw the reinforcing bars.
You may draw your rebars covering the whole area of the vault or you
can have a portion of it only.

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6. Draw the vertical and horizontal bars for the reinforcement of the
septic vault. The standard distances and size of the rebars are 12mm Ø
for vertical bars and 10mmØ for horizontal bars. For the slabs on top of
it would be 10mm Ø spaced at 20cm on both ways of the slab.

7. Draw only the portion you wish to show the detail of the
reinforcements. Indicate now the inlet valve, its position or location
and its size, together with the outlet valve.
8. From the plan you have already drawn, project dimensions downward
and draw a longitudinal section of your septic vault . Remember the
thickness and measurements of the plan should be the same as your
section.

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9. With the data on its depth you have gathered, layout the depth of the
septic vault, including its foundation and footing. Indicate the location of
your inlet and outlet valves which should have a distance from the bottom
of the slab of about 30 cm. for the air space and the water level.

10. Draw vertical and horizontal bars on the sides and on the footing.
11. Review the drawing, its dimensions and measurements. Finalize the
drawing by darkening the lines with a technical pen. Write down the
material specifications and construction notes.

0.30 X 0.30 Manhole Cover

10mm φ Reinforcing bars @
0.20 O.C. bothways
12mm φ vertical bars @ 1.20
O.C. bothways
5” THK CHB

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OPERATION SHEET # 2.2.1

LO2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

Operation: Draft a catch basin detail

Procedure:
1. Indicate the size of catch basin according to structural and design
standard.

2. Draft outlines of both plan and sectional elevation.

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3. Draft outlines of pipes and slope of pipes

4. Darken lines or ink drawing .draft dimensions and specifications.

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ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the
corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

Performance Criteria:

 Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
 Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
 Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.
 Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and
l egibly printed.
10 pts. - Pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

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ANSWER KEY # 1.1

1. Valves
2. Check valve
3. Tee
4. Reducer
5. Nipples
6. Gate valves
7. Fittings
8. Cap
9. Plug
10. Diagrammatic

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ANSWER KEY # 1.2

A.

B.

Five (5) classifications of Pipes

1. Steel and wrought iron pipe
2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes / Plastic pipes

Five (5) common types of pipe fittings

1. Screwed
2. Welded
3. Flanged
4. Solder joints
5. Slip Fittings

Five (5) types of check valves

1. Gate valve
2. Globe valve
3. Check valve
4. Pressure reducing valve
5. Safety valves

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ANSWER KEY # 1.3

F F
WC
F
F
SHO
F

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ANSWER KEY # 1.4

SHO F
F WC

F
F

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ANSWER KEY # 2.1

1. CP
2. CB
3. AD
4. SV
5. GIP
6. WIP
7. VSTR
8. PVC
9. CPVC
10. OD

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ANSWER KEY # 2.2

VSTR

CO
ST KS
ST

wc
ST LAV
ST
To St. Sewer

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ANSWER KEY # 2.2.1

VSTR CO KS

WC

LAV

FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:100 MTS

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