UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES

College of Engineering and Architecture

A CASE STUDY: THE REDEVELOPMENT OF BARANGAY

SAN FELIPE AS A COMMUNITY

Arch426a. Specialization 1: Community Planning Development

BY

Student No. 14-05040

Student No. 14-32363
Student No. 91-01564

22 March 2018

This case study brings together the findings of research conducted from November 2017 to March 2018
on the community development of barangay San Felipe in Naga City and the adverse effects of the
predetermined problem areas on the daily lives of its local residents. All of the case problem areas
demonstrate a need of participatory initiative between and among the stakeholders in ways closely
aligned to the ordinary pillars of public service—better integration of services and collaboration at local
level, focus on prevention, and enhanced workforce development.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PHASE 1 OF THE STUDY……………………………..………………………………1

1.1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1. Background…………………………………………………………….1

1.1.1.1 Evolution of Community Development as a concept……..…...1

1.1.1.2 Community Development as adapted in international

case studies…………………………………………………….3

1.1.1.3 Community Development as adapted in local

case studies…………………………………………………….7

1.1.1.4 Community Planning as a Public Matter…………………….10

1.1.1.5 Experiences and best practices in Community Development

Planning in the Philippines…………………………………..11

1.1.1.6 Demography of San Felipe…………………………………..14

1.2 Scope and Severity of the Problem……………………………………………15

1.2.1 Assessment of Past Performance……………………………………..15

1.2.2 Significance of the Problem Situation………………………………..15

1.3 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………….15

1.3.1 Diagnosis of the Problem…………………………………………….15

1.3.2 Major Stockholders…………………………………………………..16

1.3.3 Goals and Objectives………………………………………………...16

1.3.4 Measures of Effectiveness…………………………………………...16

 1.3.5 Potential Solutions…………………………………………………17

2. PHASE 2 OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………...19

2.1 Alternatives…………………………………………………………………..19

2.2 Recommendations…………………………………………………………...19

2.2.1 Criteria for Recommending Alternatives…………………………...19

2.2.2 Description of Preferred Alternatives………………………………20

2.2.3 Outline of Implementation Strategy………………………………..21

2.2.4 Provisions for Monitoring and Evaluation…………………………21

2.2.5 Limitations and Unanticipated Consequences……………………..22

2.3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………22

2.4 Citations and References…………………………………………………..23

A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

PHASE 1 OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Background

“A true community is not just about being geographically close to someone or part of the same social
web network. It’s about feeling connected and responsible for what happens. Humanity is our ultimate
community, and everyone plays a crucial role.”

-Yehuda Berg

Evolution of Community Development as a Concept

Community development as a field can seemingly be stranger to many although it has been
tackled as early as 1950s, mainly due to its generic meaning and pervasive scope. In fact, during its
early conception, even the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) has taken a generic interpretation on the concept of community development.

In its working paper for ACC Working Group, UNESCO (1956) pointed out the following:

The term “Community Organization and Development” or “Community Development” has

been defined as a generic term used to describe the processes by which local communities can
raise their own standards of living. These processes include the organization or establishment
of services, e.g. for social welfare, health protection, education, improvement of agriculture,
development of small-scale industries. (p. 1)

Once the basic issue of the meaning and scope of community development has been settled,
the main question which arises at the national and international levels is that of coordinating
the various elements and services which enter into play. These may include agricultural

1
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

extension, environmental sanitation and educational services both school education and
fundamental education for those who do not have the advantages of formal schooling. (p. 2)

There is clearly an important function to be discharged in parental coordination to encourage

inter-departmental coordination of rural services and inter-agency coordination in assisting
them, in national and local programmes, in order to ensure that, for example, fundamental
education + agricultural extension + environment sanitation = community development. (p. 3)

Over the years following the conception and interpretation of community development by
UNESCO in the mid-1950s, the concept of community development slowly solidified into a
predominantly economic concern where emphasis was put into the so-called economic contents of a
community such as but not limited to households, facilities, establishments, natural resources and
political institutions (school districts, penal institutions, county courthouse).

According to Fox (undated), “Community development may include expansion of economic

base through locating new manufacturing plants or other sources of employment in the community” (p.
13). Fox, given his background as the former Department Head of Economics and Sociology in Iowa
State University, had strongly highlighted the economic implications of community development and
discussed in detail the intricate description of economic relationships given by the input-output table
which was pioneered by W. W. Leontief many years ago. Said table “mainly reflects the flow of goods
and services” between and among the different establishments and facilities that are being run in the
community, whether for profit or not (p. 14).

Economic implications in a community are also dependent on the prevailing public sector or
enterprise who has high regard of control and authority in a community. Anthony Downs suggested
that “the party in power in an area may attempt to maximize votes by allocating public funds in such a
way that the votes gained by the last of public expenditure on each particular object (school, garbage
disposal, streets, fire protection, etc) just equals the number of votes lots by the principal taxes used to
finance the expenditures” (as cited in Fox, undated, p. 15).

2
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Adapting the economic theory of Downs (1957), Fox further supplied that the economic
contents of an area or locality and its relationship with one another shall be taken into consideration as
they are “to provide some basis for predicting how these relationships might change as the result of
community development activities” (p. 14).

Notwithstanding the evolution and emphasis on the community development as a field of study,
it is highly noted that Community and Development, two distinct disciplines having discrete and
different viewpoints, had slowly emerged together as a field of study to address the notion that the
community itself is critical and considered a significant standalone factor in a society to the extent that
‘building’ and ‘developing’ community is seen as an important enterprise in the economy and natural
resource of a country. Aside from tangible manifestations that a developed community brings into, it is
also well noted that community development produces a robust civil society and paves way to an
increased capacity for self-governance.

Community Development as adapted

in International Case Studies

By 21st century, the community development has been widely looked into several case studies
with regard to various and diverse programmes catering different interrelated issues in a society using
the bottom-up or grassroots approach by tapping the local communities.

In his compendium entitled Community Development Evaluation Research (2012), Harger-

Forde had presented five case studies conducted in Waitakere, Auckland, New Zealand which aimed
to achieve “a dynamic and sustainable community in Waitakere by strengthening the links between
community groups, organisations, businesses, government and individuals by promoting and enhancing
networking and communication, developing projects and helping to foster collective visions of positive
change in Waitakere”.

Given that the grassroots approach in developing or redeveloping a community is an emerging

means, the determination and utilization of community development evaluation methods and
methodologies are also being researched upon. Table 1 below shows the snippets of the case studies of
Harger-Forde which should be well taken note of in future studies.

3
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Table 1. Snippets of community development case studies in Waitakere, New Zealand

Evaluation Methods,
Case Methodologies, and Impact of Evaluation Challenges
Community Tools

Foundation for Outcomes-based Community design All of the staff are busy,
youth evaluation changes skilled youth workers
development methodology
No regard for paperwork
Programme Logic Areas for staff training
method

Participant
questionnaires and
surveys

Bishop Action Key Performance Increased ability to Takes time and costs a
Foundation Indicators understand if something is lot of money
working.
Interviews
Post training sessions

Victory Village Outcomes-based Needs to further develop Incapacity of staff to

evaluation evaluation tools. decide on what is more
relevant to evaluate and
Qualitative interviews why

Focus group
discussions

New Zealand Outcomes-based Existence of formative Ability to communicate

Mountain evaluation feedback. as well as the tailoring
Safety Council methodology of style and
communication of
messages depending on
audience.
Participant
questionnaires and
surveys

Vibrant Participant community Substantive government ---

communities reporting policy changes

4
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

By 2013, aside from the causal effects in the facilities and establishments within a community,
case studies on softer aspects of community development such as community engagement and
participation were tapped.

This was made in point by the Scottish Community Development Centre (SCDC) sometime in
February 2013 when it was commissioned to design and set a community engagement in community
safety work in the context of changing public policy landscape in Scotland. The main purpose of said
case study was to renew the then current Scottish policy “with emphasis on the need to engage
communities in the recognition that locally defined and locally delivered solutions often lead to better
and more sustainable impact” given that the SCDC “operate in an increasingly challenging fiscal
environment, it is acknowledged that there is a need to better understand how to untapped and mobilise
the physical, social and human assets that lie within [the] local communities and to find methods of
working in innovative and genuinely collaborative ways that achieve the best possible outcomes for
local people which build local resilience and community capacity” (p. 8).

Surprisingly, in spite of the targeted concern and expected results, majority of the case studies
did not explicitly correlate to public service reform in Scotland. Nonetheless, what was common in the
case study samples was the application of the assets based approaches and co-production.

SCDC (2012) had provided the following key learning points in the use of community
development approach in community engagement which is notable in the field nowadays:

1. Most of the initiatives that took part in the research were located in very small geographical
settlements, with the engagement process drilled down to a neighbourhood community
level. This appears to have been beneficial in achieving a range of positive outcomes at
micro local level. (p. 2)

2. Most of the examples are specific projects or initiatives rather than embedded approaches
designed to influence systemic change at Community Planning level for an on-going co-
productive relationship between communities and public agencies. (p. 2)

5
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

3. Only two out of the eight case study examples had established frameworks for the planning
and evaluation of community engagement processes were used. (p. 2)

4. The case studies demonstrate considerable progress towards setting the foundations for
reconfiguring the relationship between communities and public services through co-
production. (p. 2)

5. It was highlighted across the research that, where examples start off as agency led, this
can be a catalyst for wider community development and community participation. (p. 2)

6. The quality of the community engagement process is affected by the level of existing
community infrastructure and the availability of groups to engage with. Where there is an
element of community infrastructure in place, quality of process is, in turn, affected by the
community groups’ ability to engage with the wider community and a diverse range of
interests. (p. 3)

7. The majority of the case study areas highlighted that there was a need for community
capacity building support to enable the engagement process to be productive and inclusive
and for communities to be able to begin to lead, or act as co-producers of, locally led
solutions to local issues. (p. 3)

8. A common theme across the case studies was the importance of ‘quick wins’ or some early
evidence of tangible change to both increase trust that communities were being listened to
and their concerns acted upon, and to encourage longer term participation. (p. 3)

9. With the exception of one partnership, there was no evidence of systems in place at a local
level to support learning and networking between stakeholders. (p. 3)

6
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Community Development as adapted

in Local Case Studies

Due to the geographic position of the Philippines, there is a high probability that several
typhoons hit the Philippines every year and such catastrophe poses and affects the largest number of
people even in the remotest places in the country given that “typhoons are strong low pressures which
bring powerful winds, torrential rains, and cause storm surge along coasts, and trigger landslides and
flash floods in the mountains,” (IFRC, 2003).

In this study, with the goal to reduce the impacts of natural disasters at a community level, the
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in cooperation with the Philippine
National Red Cross (2003), had employed the Intergrated Community Disaster Planning Programme
(ICDPP) covering 75 rural communities in 16 communities across five provinces in the country. ICDPP
employs six steps as follows:

1. Partnership with municipal and provincial government units: This helps to root the
preparedness concept in local planning, to gain technical and financial support for
mitigation measures, and to ensure the programme’s long-term sustainability. (p. 1)

2. Community disaster action team formation and training: The core of the programme is the
group of community volunteers (including fishermen, women, youth and businessmen)
who are trained in vulnerability and capacity assessments, disaster management and
information dissemination. They work with the community to prepare a disaster action
plan. (p. 1)

3. Risk and resources mapping: This identifies the most important local hazards, who and
what may be at risk, and which mitigation measures are possible. The maps are often
employed as land use planning tools by local government units. (p. 1)

4. Community mitigation measures: Based on the disaster action plan, the community will
initiate mitigation measures, which may be physical structures (e.g. seawalls, evacuation
centres), health related measures (e.g. clean water supply) or planning tools (e.g. land use

7
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

plans, evacuation plans). These measures are undertaken by community volunteers with
support from the Red Cross and local government. (p. 1)

5. Training and education: This is integral to all steps of the programme – both in training
the disaster action teams and in disseminating information to the whole community. (p. 1)

6. Sustainability: Long-term impact can only be ensured by embedding the concept of

community-based disaster preparedness within local government units (LGUs). This
means incorporating the recommendations of community disaster action plans into LGU
land use planning and annual budgeting. Sustainability also implies regular update training
of the disaster action teams. (p. 1)

Because of the wide reach of the study, said approach and framework has been widely adapted in
community development risk reduction in the grassroots level. In fact, IFRC (2003) has noted the
positive effects of the said approach as well the political challenges it faced during the study:

 Community disaster action teams – a new approach– have proved to be an important core
element. Volunteer labour has been invaluable in helping to build mitigation structures.
(p. 2)

 Collaboration with local government units (LGUs) has been a prerequisite for the
programme’s success and long-term viability. Many LGUs have incorporated community
disaster action plans into their own development plans – resulting in projects such as:
planting trees to prevent landslides,cleaning canals to prevent flooding, constructing flood
control dykes. LGUs have paid up to 75 per cent of the costs of these mitigation measures,
as well as providing specialist equipment and technical design input. (p. 2)

 Red Cross hazard mapping has helped to capture local knowledge of natural hazards and
transfer this information to municipal planners for incorporation into land use planning. (p.
2)

8
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

 Community-based disaster preparedness is helping strengthen the public system of disaster

coordinating councils at municipal and village levels. (p. 2)

 The programme has given PNRC the evidence needed to lobby the national government to
incorporate preparedness activities within their disaster response budget line. (p. 2)

 Construction of physical mitigation structures by community volunteers has created a sense

of solidarity among people that, together, they can reduce vulnerability to disasters. (p. 2)

 Preparedness and mitigation have gained a higher profile within the PNRC’s disaster
management services, strengthening the organisation’s capacity to reduce disaster risk. (p.
2)

 Capacity building of community disaster action teams must not be underestimated. Staff
must clearly understand the causes, signs, and effects of different risks. They must be
trained in hazard mapping and skilled in community work. Follow-up support is needed to
keep disaster action teams busy and interested. (p.2)

 Persuading communities to prioritise long term disaster mitigation measures (eg. dykes,
evacuation centres) above more immediate concerns (e.g. upgrading already-safe drinking
water supplies) can be difficult. (p.2)

 Continuous lobbying of local politicians is needed to ensure that community risk maps and
disaster action plans are incorporated into public land use planning. (p.2)

Aside from the community development in relation to the Disaster Risk Management plan in
the Philippines, case studies of Community-based Health Insurance were also done in the Philippines.
In its case study sometime in 2004, International Labour Office conducted local studies and established
“framework of its global strategy aimed at ensuring that all people-both men and women-have decent
work. Existing formal social security schemes are designed and focused on workers in formal
employment. The study has emphasized the “policies and initiatives, which can bring social security to
those who are not covered by the existing systems” in the community or grassroots level (p. 9).

9
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Community Planning as a Public Matter

Community planning “is a method that enables to prepare materials on the development of
different areas of public life at the level of a municipality or a region” which is strongly anchored on
participatory approach from all elements of the locality (Zezula & Vaskova, 2002). In ordinary sense,
community planning as a method or field of study puts emphasis on the involvement of all stakeholders
in a given area, dialogue and negotiations between and amongst all key people in the locality, and to
attain a result that is adopted and supported by the majority, if not all, of stakeholders.

Community planning is now considered a public matter as it actually and directly affect not
only the society but the entire State in general since the government needs to create policies to guide
growth in order to meet the demand of its citizens for provisions of food, water, energy and jobs. As
human population continues to grow, resources become scare and natural environment is being replaced
for concrete and built-up environments in many urban areas which result to lands being scarce, infertile
and weak against natural disasters. It is very crucial for community development to be managed
efficiently, and more importantly, sustainably. This is where community planning comes in.

The following are the community plan guidelines as provided by Zezula & Vaskova (2002):

It is an outcome of negotiations among all stakeholders engaged in the process. - Its

implementation is based on a broad partnership in a community. - It meets local needs and suits
local conditions. - It identifies short term and long term targets and priorities of the
development of social services. - It maps all public, private and voluntary bodies and entities
from the perspective of activities that help achieve targets that have been set. - It includes a
system of monitoring and evaluating the process and a system of reporting to the public. (p. 2)

10
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Experiences and best practices in

Community Development Planning in the Philippines

Tapping the grassroots community or the locality for the purpose of community planning
development is not as easy as it seems to be. In reality, the hardest part one might likely encounter is
how to effectively immerse oneself in a community that has been founded and tightly knitted with their
existing practices and habits, not to mention the possible resistance from the Local Government Units
or from the public officers who have wide discretionary power when it comes to the programs,
implementation and budget appropriation in a certain community. Said discretionary power is vested
by these public officers and officials by the Constitution. The State’s policy on local autonomy is
principally stated in Section 25, Article III and Sections 2 & 3, Articles X of the 1987 Constitution
which read as follows:

ARTICLE II
Sec. 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.

ARTICLE X

Sec.2. The territorial and political subdivisions shall enjoy local autonomy.

Sec.3. The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a more
responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of
decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate
among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources,
and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries,
powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the
organization and operation of the local units.

Pursuant thereto, RA 7160, otherwise known as the “Local Government Code of 1991” further
supplemented as follows:

Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – (a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State that the territorial
and political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to
enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities and make them
more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. (Emphases and underscoring
supplied)

11
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

(c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices to conduct
periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, nongovernmental and
people‘s organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community before any project or
program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions. (Emphases and underscoring
supplied)

Because of the very same power vested to public officials by the Constitution, whether or not
a specific community development plan will be properly and effectively implemented greatly depends
on the LGUs of the community.

Co, E., et al (2004) in its journal entitled “Some experiences from the Philippines in Urban
Community Development Planning”, had developed the common structure and roles of LGUs in
community development planning as well the elements of the community-based planning process.

Table 2. Structures and roles of Local Government Units

12
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018
Source: Co, E., et al (2004)

Table 3. Elements of the Community-based Planning Process

Source: Co, E., et al (2004)

Co, E., et al had stressed that “besides social preparation (information dissemination,
coordination, collaboration, and consultation), funding is the biggest hurdle for the participatory
development plan as the available funds are likely to be less than the requirements of the projects
planned for. Prioritisation is therefore and essential process. On many occasions during the planning,
the barangay officials opposed some of the proposals raised citing budgetary restrictions that already
limit the provisions of basic services. There were tendencies among some people’s organisations to use
the newly gained planning skills as a tool to challenge barangay officials on issues pertaining to
transparency and management.” (p. 5)

13
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Given the common challenges with the local government when it comes to tapping the
community for development plans and activities, it is pointed out that local government as implementer
and enabler should provide a level playing field, role definitions, advice on workable courses of action
and priorities, and at the same time set up monitoring and evaluation units to promote transparency in
the budget allocation for community activities.

Demography of San Felipe

Barangay San Felipe is located at Naga City, Camarines Sur in Bicol. With an approximate
total land area of 529.96 square meters, its topography is predominantly composed of plains. Its major
source of income or livelihood is agricultural ventures.

Figure 1. San Felipe Map

14
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Scope and Severity of the Problem

Assessment of Past Performance

A number of ocular visits at site had shown consistency on how the predetermined problem
areas sought to be addressed gravely affect the relationship between the Local Government Units
(LGUs), Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and its residents.

It was noted that the (1) harmonious relationship between and among the neighbourhood in the
locality and (2) implementing policies in the barangay level and family homes are affected by the
problem areas (i.e. traffic, crime rate, accidents).

Significance of the Problem Situation

Aside from the updated and more efficient community plan for barangay San Felipe, the
problem situation is highly significant in the current status of the community as it affects not only the
day to day activities of its residents, but also the life, liberty and property of the locality which are
exposed to unnecessary evil, peril and danger.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to attend to the general case problem: “How can Brgy. San Felipe in Naga
City be redeveloped as a community?”

Diagnosis of the problem

Specifically, this case study sought to address the following predetermined problem areas in
the community:
1. Traffic concerns
2. Accident prone areas
3. Crime rate percentage

15
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018
4. Flood prone areas

Major Stakeholders

The Local Government Units (LGU), Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), residents, and
business owners which comprised the entire community of barangay San Felipe are the major
stakeholders in this case study.

Goals and Objectives

This study aims to address the general case problem which focuses on the means of
redevelopment of barangay San Felipe as a community and seeks to try to:

1. Identify the extent of traffic concerns in the community and how it affects the day to day
activities of the residents;
2. Identify the areas where accidents frequently happen and the risk it poses to the residents;
3. Identify the crime rate ratio and classify the crimes frequently committed in the
community and its relation to the community structure especially the location of local
authorities;
4. Identify the flood prone areas in the locality.

Measures of Effectiveness

Measure of effectiveness of can be standardized and pattern on established implementation

arrangements and evaluation frameworks in community development as part of best practices in the
field.

Nonetheless, the measurement of whether or not the attendant problems areas will be
effectively addressed can be observed in the following:

1. Shortened travel time of residents due lack or at the very least minimized traffic issues;
2. Decline in the accident rate in the community;
3. Decline in the crime rate in the community; and

16
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

4. Extent of minimized damage to the residents and the entire locality during in case of
flood.

Potential Solutions

In view of the above analyses, the research had proposed the following potential solutions for
each problem area:

1. Traffic concerns : Road widening

2. Accident prone areas : Placement of visible early warning signs

Additional street lights
Road widening

3. Crime rate percentage : Implementation of curfew for minors

Patrolling of the barangay police force

4. Flood prone areas : Improvement of drainage system

Furthermore, the researchers developed an evacuation plan and emergency flowchart for the
residents of barangay San Felipe which was then receipted by the barangay officials.

17
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Figure 2. Evaculation Plan for San Felipe

Figure 3. Emergency Flowchart of San Felipe

18
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

PHASE 2 OF THE STUDY

Alternatives

Although this case study predominantly rests on addressing the core problem areas in this case
study as thoroughly discussed in the preceding chapter in this study, realistic considerations of present
challenges in the community must be given attention to such as but not limited to bureaucracy, budget
appropriation, and manpower allocation.

Recommendations

Criteria for Recommending Alternatives

The following criteria were considered in recommending the alternatives:

1. Effectiveness;
2. Economically sound;
3. Politically acceptable; and
4. Ease and convenience of residents.

Specifically, the following doubts and questions must be satisfied:

 Effectiveness. How much of an improvement in the quality of life will the

alternatives produce?

 Economically sound. How much monies will be required to implement these

alternatives? Will the alternatives be supplemented by the existing budget and funds of
the LGU? Or is additional funding necessary?

 Politically acceptable. Are the alternatives politically accepted by the locality? Or do

the alternative measures somehow offense or create disadvantages to members of a

19
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

particular group in the locality? Are the alternatives acceptable to potential resident-
participants?

 Ease and convenience of residents. Is the access to the alternatives easy and
convenient to the residents of barangay San Felipe?

 Technically feasible. Does the application of alternatives technically feasible?

Description of Preferred Alternatives

In case of failure of execution and implementation of proposed solutions due to limited budget
and manpower, below are the following alternatives which can be taken by the stakeholders:

BIKE LANE. This will provide a safer environment to road users but most importantly it
helps to reduce greenhouse gases produce by motor vehicles. This will also serve as emergency lane for
damaged and/or dysfunctional vehicles. This will also become an area where vehicles can be pulled over
to give way to emergency vehicles like ambulance for a better, faster and more efficient response
services.

WALKWAY, SIDEWALK AND PAVEMENT. These will offer a preferred

accommodation for pedestrians. Existence of such is very significant in transportation as these provide
a safe path for people to walk along that is separated from the motorized traffic. These will aid road
safety in barangay San Felipe by minimizing interaction between resident-pedestrians and motorized
traffic.

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. A sustainable drainage system in barangay San

Felipe will minimise the impact of flooding by safely carrying stormwater away from congested and
built-up areas into bodies of water such as rivers and creeks. However, residential roof gutters,
downpipes and pipelines should be the responsibility of resident property owners.

20
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

ENFORCEMENT OF TRAFFIC POLICIES AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL. Given

that traffic policies are in effect in the barangay level to avoid road congestion, “proper enforcement” of
these traffic policies still needs to be addressed and monitored constantly. There shall also be proper
designation for specific loading and unloading areas for residents to follow.

PLACEMENT OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV). To properly address

and monitor the crime commission in the community, placement of CCTV shall be taken accord into
and strict monitoring of public surveillance cameras shall be implemented.

Outline of Implementation Strategy

Step 1. Communicate.
Step 2. Alignment of initiatives with strategy.
Step 3. Engage LGU and NGO staff and other stakeholders.
Step 4. Allocate manpower resources and funds.
Step 5. Make actual adjustments.
Step 6. Evaluate.

Provisions for Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an important tool in development not only of

individuals and organizations but also the entire community irrespective of the level of extent of
development sought to achieve.

In this case study, monitoring and evaluation is a crucial process to determine the inherent
benefits, risks, and limitations of the problem-solution approach used in this study.

For better implementation, it is recommended that the standard monitoring and evaluation
framework based on United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2009) be applied with emphasis
on the following considerations:

 What is to be monitored and evaluated;

21
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

 The activities needed to monitor and evaluate;

 Who is responsible for monitoring and evaluation activities;
 When monitoring and evaluation activities are planned (timeliness);
 How monitoring and evaluation are carried out (methods); and
 What resources are required and where they are committed.

Limitations and Unanticipated Consequences

This case study only focused on the community development as a field. The researchers
identified four limitations of the study. First, the study only covered barangay San Felipe in Naga City.

Second, it only used one method which is the problem-solution approach method where
problem areas are predetermined based on several ocular visits and series of narratives conducted with
the stakeholders of barangay San Felipe.

Third, only documents containing information directly related to predetermined problem

areas (traffic, crime, accident and calamity records) were reviewed and analysed. This study did not
examine any document related to government function, flow and processes in the LGUs.

Fourth, the solutions presented in this study are highly dependent on the participation of
the LGUs especially when it comes to manpower allocation and budget appropriation.

Conclusion

An integrated, community-based development planning as an approach is not an easy method.

The majority concern in the implementation and demonstrating success with work taken forward at the
local government unit and budget allocation for the proposed measures and alternatives in this study.

22
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

Citations and References

(1987). The Philippine Constitution.

Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers.

Co, E., et al. (2004). Some experiences from the Philippines in urban community development
planning.
Retrieved from http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02083.pdf

Fox, K. (undated). Concept of Community Development.

Retrieved from http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=1&article =1020&
context=card_ reports&type=additional

Harger-Forde, S. (2012). Community Development Evaluation Research: 3 Case Studies—Evaluation

Frameworks in Community Development Organisations.
Retrieved from: http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/wp content/uploads/ formidable ‘
/Com-Dev-Evaluation-Research-Eval-Framework-Case-Studies-3-Final.pdf

IFRC. (2003). Risk reduction in practice: a Philippines case study.

Retrieved from http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Case%20studies/Disasters/cs-philippines.pdf

ILO. (2004). Case studies of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes in the Philippines.
Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/ ---ilo-
manila/documents/publication/wcms_124737.pdf

RA 7160 (1991). Local Government Code of 1991.

SCDC. (2013). Case studies in Community Engagement within the Context of Community Safety.
Retrieved from http://www.scdc.org.uk/media/resources/documents/comm -safety-
cstudies/Case%20Studies%20in%20Community%20Engagement%20within%20the%20Cont
ext%20of%20Community%20Safety%20Analysis%20Report%20SCDC%2010.10.13.pdf

UNESCO. (1956). Unesco Working Paper for ACC Working Group on Community Development.
Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001797/179726eb.pdf

23
A Case Study: The Redevelopment of Barangay San Felipe as a Community
STUDENT NOS.14-05040, 14-32363, 91-01564 3/22/2018

UNDP. (2009). Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results.
Retrieved from http://web.undp.org/evaluation/handbook/documents/english/pme-
handbook.pdf

Zezula, O. & Vaskova, V. (2002). How to find out what people really want? How to improve life in a
community? Community Planning—a Public Matter.
Retrieved from https://www.mpsv.cz/files/clanky/2009/com_plan.pdf

24