Problem 1: Strong Acid-Strong Base

Kw = 1.00E-14
Initial Volume (ml): 100
Final Volume (ml): 105

A. pH H+ [OH-] Na+
12.00 1.00E-12 1.00E-02 1.00E-02

B. pH H+ [OH-] Na+ SO42-

6.60 2.51E-07 3.98E-08 9.52E-03 4.76E-03
g Base

Charge Balance
1.00E-12

Charge Balance
2.11E-07
Problem 2: Ammonium Hydroxide System:

Kw = 1.00E-14
K = 2.00E-05

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1

2.00 1.00E-02 1.00E-12 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 5.01E-08 1.20E+00
2.25 5.62E-03 1.78E-12 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 8.91E-08
2.50 3.16E-03 3.16E-12 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 1.58E-07 1.00E+00
2.75 1.78E-03 5.62E-12 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 2.82E-07
8.00E-01
3.00 1.00E-03 1.00E-11 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 5.01E-07

alpha0/alpha1
3.25 5.62E-04 1.78E-11 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 8.91E-07 6.00E-01
3.50 3.16E-04 3.16E-11 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 1.58E-06
3.75 1.78E-04 5.62E-11 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 2.82E-06 4.00E-01
4.00 1.00E-04 1.00E-10 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 5.01E-06
2.00E-01
4.25 5.62E-05 1.78E-10 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 8.91E-06
4.50 3.16E-05 3.16E-10 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 1.58E-05 -1.67E-16
4.75 1.78E-05 5.62E-10 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 2.82E-05 2.00 4.00 6.0
5.00 1.00E-05 1.00E-09 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 5.01E-05 -2.00E-01
5.25 5.62E-06 1.78E-09 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 8.91E-05 pH
5.50 3.16E-06 3.16E-09 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 1.58E-04
5.75 1.78E-06 5.62E-09 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 2.82E-04
6.00 1.00E-06 1.00E-08 2.00E-05 9.99E-01 5.01E-04
6.25 5.62E-07 1.78E-08 2.00E-05 9.99E-01 8.90E-04
6.50 3.16E-07 3.16E-08 2.00E-05 9.98E-01 1.58E-03
6.75 1.78E-07 5.62E-08 2.00E-05 9.97E-01 2.81E-03
7.00 1.00E-07 1.00E-07 2.01E-05 9.95E-01 4.99E-03
7.25 5.62E-08 1.78E-07 2.01E-05 9.91E-01 8.83E-03
7.50 3.16E-08 3.16E-07 2.03E-05 9.84E-01 1.56E-02
7.75 1.78E-08 5.62E-07 2.05E-05 9.73E-01 2.74E-02
8.00 1.00E-08 1.00E-06 2.10E-05 9.52E-01 4.77E-02
8.25 5.62E-09 1.78E-06 2.17E-05 9.18E-01 8.18E-02
8.50 3.16E-09 3.16E-06 2.31E-05 8.63E-01 1.37E-01
8.75 1.78E-09 5.62E-06 2.56E-05 7.80E-01 2.20E-01
9.00 1.00E-09 1.00E-05 3.00E-05 6.66E-01 3.34E-01
9.25 5.62E-10 1.78E-05 3.77E-05 5.29E-01 4.71E-01
9.50 3.16E-10 3.16E-05 5.16E-05 3.87E-01 6.13E-01
9.75 1.78E-10 5.62E-05 7.62E-05 2.62E-01 7.38E-01
10.00 1.00E-10 1.00E-04 1.20E-04 1.66E-01 8.34E-01
10.25 5.62E-11 1.78E-04 1.98E-04 1.01E-01 8.99E-01
10.50 3.16E-11 3.16E-04 3.36E-04 5.94E-02 9.41E-01
10.75 1.78E-11 5.62E-04 5.82E-04 3.43E-02 9.66E-01
11.00 1.00E-11 1.00E-03 1.02E-03 1.96E-02 9.80E-01
11.25 5.62E-12 1.78E-03 1.80E-03 1.11E-02 9.89E-01
11.50 3.16E-12 3.16E-03 3.18E-03 6.27E-03 9.94E-01
11.75 1.78E-12 5.62E-03 5.64E-03 3.54E-03 9.96E-01
12.00 1.00E-12 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 1.99E-03 9.98E-01
 Problem 2: Ammonium Hy

pH H+
1.20E+00 2.00 1.00E-02
2.25 5.62E-03
1.00E+00 2.50 3.16E-03
2.75 1.78E-03
8.00E-01
3.00 1.00E-03
alpha0/alpha1

6.00E-01 3.25 5.62E-04

3.50 3.16E-04
4.00E-01 alpha0 [NH4+]
3.75 1.78E-04
alpha1 [NH4OH]
4.00 1.00E-04
2.00E-01
4.25 5.62E-05
-1.67E-16 4.50 3.16E-05
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 4.75 1.78E-05
-2.00E-01 5.00 1.00E-05
pH 5.25 5.62E-06
5.50 3.16E-06
5.75 1.78E-06
6.00 1.00E-06
6.25 5.62E-07
6.50 3.16E-07
6.75 1.78E-07
7.00 1.00E-07
7.25 5.62E-08
7.50 3.16E-08
7.75 1.78E-08
8.00 1.00E-08
8.25 5.62E-09
8.50 3.16E-09
8.75 1.78E-09
9.00 1.00E-09
9.25 5.62E-10
9.50 3.16E-10
9.75 1.78E-10
10.00 1.00E-10
10.25 5.62E-11
10.50 3.16E-11
10.75 1.78E-11
11.00 1.00E-11
11.25 5.62E-12
11.50 3.16E-12
11.75 1.78E-12
12.00 1.00E-12
em 2: Ammonium Hydroxide System:

Kw = 1.00E-14
K = 5.01E-10

[OH-] A alpha0 alpha1

1.00E-12 1.00E-02 1.00E+00 5.01E-08 1.20E+00
1.78E-12 5.62E-03 1.00E+00 8.91E-08
3.16E-12 3.16E-03 1.00E+00 1.58E-07 1.00E+00
5.62E-12 1.78E-03 1.00E+00 2.82E-07
1.00E-11 1.00E-03 1.00E+00 5.01E-07 8.00E-01

alpha0/alpha1
1.78E-11 5.62E-04 1.00E+00 8.91E-07
6.00E-01
3.16E-11 3.16E-04 1.00E+00 1.58E-06
alpha0 [N
5.62E-11 1.78E-04 1.00E+00 2.82E-06
4.00E-01 alpha1 [N
1.00E-10 1.00E-04 1.00E+00 5.01E-06
1.78E-10 5.62E-05 1.00E+00 8.91E-06 2.00E-01
3.16E-10 3.16E-05 1.00E+00 1.58E-05
5.62E-10 1.78E-05 1.00E+00 2.82E-05 0.00E+00
1.00E-09 1.00E-05 1.00E+00 5.01E-05 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
1.78E-09 5.62E-06 1.00E+00 8.91E-05 pH
3.16E-09 3.16E-06 1.00E+00 1.58E-04
5.62E-09 1.78E-06 1.00E+00 2.82E-04
1.00E-08 1.00E-06 9.99E-01 5.01E-04
1.78E-08 5.63E-07 9.99E-01 8.90E-04
3.16E-08 3.17E-07 9.98E-01 1.58E-03
5.62E-08 1.78E-07 9.97E-01 2.81E-03
1.00E-07 1.01E-07 9.95E-01 4.99E-03
1.78E-07 5.67E-08 9.91E-01 8.83E-03
3.16E-07 3.21E-08 9.84E-01 1.56E-02
5.62E-07 1.83E-08 9.73E-01 2.74E-02
1.00E-06 1.05E-08 9.52E-01 4.77E-02
1.78E-06 6.12E-09 9.18E-01 8.18E-02
3.16E-06 3.66E-09 8.63E-01 1.37E-01
5.62E-06 2.28E-09 7.80E-01 2.20E-01
1.00E-05 1.50E-09 6.66E-01 3.34E-01
1.78E-05 1.06E-09 5.29E-01 4.71E-01
3.16E-05 8.17E-10 3.87E-01 6.13E-01
5.62E-05 6.79E-10 2.62E-01 7.38E-01
1.00E-04 6.01E-10 1.66E-01 8.34E-01
1.78E-04 5.57E-10 1.01E-01 8.99E-01
3.16E-04 5.33E-10 5.94E-02 9.41E-01
5.62E-04 5.19E-10 3.43E-02 9.66E-01
1.00E-03 5.11E-10 1.96E-02 9.80E-01
1.78E-03 5.07E-10 1.11E-02 9.89E-01
3.16E-03 5.04E-10 6.27E-03 9.94E-01
5.62E-03 5.03E-10 3.54E-03 9.96E-01
1.00E-02 5.02E-10 1.99E-03 9.98E-01
 alpha0 [NH4+]
alpha1 [NH3 (aq)]

10.00 12.00
Problem 3: Ammonium Hydroxide System: Equilibrium pH

Kw = 1.00E-14
K = 2.00E-05

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT NH4+ NH4OH

10.12 7.60E-11 1.32E-04 1.52E-04 1.32E-01 8.68E-01 1.00E-03 1.32E-04 8.68E-04
H

Charge Balance
-5.10E-08
 Problem 3: Acetic Acid-NaOH, pH Adjustment

Kw = 1.00E-14 Initial Volume:

K = 1.58E-05 Final Volume:
NaOH Added:

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT [CH3COOH]

7.00 1.00E-07 1.00E-07 1.59E-05 6.27E-03 9.94E-01 9.10E-04 5.70E-06
stment

50.00
54.97
4.97

[CH3COO-] Na+ Charge Balance

9.04E-04 9.05E-04 7.35E-07
Problem 5: Ammonium Hydroxide System: pH Adjustment

Kw = 1.00E-14 Initial Volume: 100.00

K= 2.00E-05 Final Volume: 104.98
H2SO4 Added: 4.98

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT NH4+

7.00 1.00E-07 1.00E-07 2.01E-05 9.95E-01 4.99E-03 9.53E-04 9.48E-04
 NH4OH SO42- Charge Balance
4.75E-06 4.74E-04 -6.12E-07
 Problem 6: Acetic Acid-NaOH, Equilibrium pH

Kw = 1.00E-14
K = 1.58E-05

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT [CH3COOH]

4.13 7.48E-05 1.34E-10 9.07E-05 8.25E-01 1.75E-01 1.00E-03 8.25E-04
brium pH

[CH3COO-] Na+ Charge Balance

1.75E-04 1.00E-04 -3.20E-19
Problem 7: Ammonium Hydroxide System: Equilibrium pH

Kw = 1.00E-14
K = 2.00E-05

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT NH4+ NH4OH

9.76 1.74E-10 5.76E-05 7.75E-05 2.57E-01 7.43E-01 1.00E-03 2.57E-04 7.43E-04
H

SO42- Charge Balance

1.00E-04 -1.36E-07
 Problem 8: Acetic Acid, NaOH addition

Kw = 1.00E-14 Initial Volume: 50.00

K = 1.58E-05 Final Volume: 60.00
H2SO4 Added: 50.00

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT [CH3COOH]

7.80 1.57E-08 6.36E-07 1.59E-05 9.91E-04 9.99E-01 8.33E-04 8.26E-07
on

[CH3COO-] Na+ Charge Balance

8.33E-04 8.33E-04 2.06E-07
 Problem 9: Ammonium Hydroxide, HNO3 Addition

Kw = 1.00E-14 Initial Volume: 100.00

K = 2.00E-05 Final Volume: 175.00
H2SO4 Added: 75.00

pH H+ [OH-] A alpha0 alpha1 CT NH4+

3.54 2.86E-04 3.49E-11 2.00E-05 1.00E+00 1.75E-06 5.71E-04 5.71E-04
, HNO3 Addition

NH4OH NO3- Charge Balance

1.00E-09 4.29E-04 7.67E-07