Verb ‘ Be ’

The principal parts of verb ‘ be ’

Infinitive Present Past Simple Past ‘ ing ’ Form

Simple Participle
be am / is / are was / were been being

Use of verb ‘be’ in sentence

1) Present Tense ( am / is / are )

^fjkjd$ bkakjd$ ;sfhkjd&

(I) Positive Form

1. I am a teacher .
2. She is a student.
3. We are farmers.
4. I am hungry.
5. They are popular.

(II) Positive Questions

1. Am I a fool ?
2. Is she a student ?
3. Are you farmers ?
4. Am I too fast ?
5. Are they popular ?
6. Is she happy ?
(III) Negative Form
1. I am not a teacher.
2. She is not (isn’t) a student.
3. We are not (aren’t) farmers.
4. I am not hungry.
5. He is not (isn’t) happy
6. They are not (aren’t) happy.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Am I not a teacher ?
2. Isn’t she a student ?
3. Aren’t you farmers ?
4. Aren’t you hungry ?
5. Isn’t he happy ?
6. Aren’t they popular?

2) Past Tense ( was / were )

(jqKd$ ysáhd$ ;snqKd)

(I) Positive Form

1. I was a member.
2. She was a teacher.
3. You were students.
4. I was very happy.
5. He was very hungry.
6. They were too tired.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Was I a member ?
2. Was she a teacher ?
 3. Were you students ?
4. Was I very happy ?
5. Was he very hungry ?
6. Were they too tired ?

(III) Negative Form

1. I was not ( wasn’t ) a member.

2. He was not ( wasn’t ) a teacher.
3. You were not (weren’t ) students.
4. I was not ( wasn’t ) happy.
5. He was not ( wasn’t ) hungry.
6. They were not ( weren’t ) too tired.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Wasn’t I a member ?
2. Wasn’t he a teacher ?
3. Weren’t you students ?
4. Wasn’t I happy ?
5. Weren’t they too tired ?

3) Future Tense ( will be )

^fõú$ bosú$ ;sfhaú&
(I) Positive Form
1. He will be a member of parliament.
2. I will be a director.
3. They will be advisers.
4. She will be happy.
5. You will be tired.
(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he be a member of parliament ?

2. Will you be a director ?
3. Will they be advisers ?
4. Will she be hungry ?
5. Will you be tired ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not ( won’t ) be a member of parliament.
2. I will not ( won’t ) be a director.
3. They will not ( won’t ) be advisers
4. She will not ( won’t ) be hungry.
5. You will not ( won’t )be tired.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he be a member of parliament ?
2. Won’t you be a director ?
3. Won’t they be advisers ?
4. Won’t she be hungry ?
5. Won’t he be tired ?

4) Present Perfect Tense ( has / have been )

(fj,d ;sfhkjd$ b|,d ;sfhkjd$ ;sì,d ;sfhkjd&
(I) Positive Form
1. He has been a teacher.
2. They have been members.
3. She has been an innocent person.
4. You have been tired.
5. Udara has been very hungry.
(II) Positive Question Form

1. Has he been a teacher ?

2. Have they been members ?
3. Has she been an innocent person ?
4. Have you been tired ?
5. Has Udara been very hungry ?

(V) Negative Form

1. He has not ( hasn’t ) been a teacher.
2. They have not (haven’t ) been members.
3. She has not (hasn’t ) been an innocent person
4. You have not ( haven’t ) been tired.
5. Udara has not ( hasn’t ) been very hungry.

(VI) Negative Question Form

1. Hasn’t he been a teacher ?
2. Haven’t they been members ?
3. Hasn’t she been an innocent person ?
4. Haven’t you been tired ?
5. Hasn’t Udara been very hungry ?

5) The Past Perfect Tense ( had been )

^fj,d ysáhd$ fj,d ;snqKd&
(I) Positive Form
1. He had been a thief.
2. She had been popular.
3. They had been members.
4. Udara had been tired.
5. They had been angry.
(II) Positive Question Form
1. Had he been a thief ?
2. Had she been popular ?
3. Had they been members ?
4. Had Udara been tired ?
5. Had they been angry ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He had not (hadn’t ) been a thief.
2. She hadn’t been popular.
3. They hadn’t been members.
4. Udara hadn’t been tired.
5. They hadn’t been angry.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hadn’t he been a thief ?
2. Hadn’t she been popular ?
3. Hadn’t they been members ?
4. Hadn’t Udara been tired ?
5. Hadn’t they been angry ?

6) The Future perfect Tense ( will have been )

(fj,d ;sfhaú$ fj,d bosú&
(I) Positive Form
1. He will have been a doctor.
2. She will have been happy.
3. They will have been angry.
4. Udara will have been a teacher.
5. You will have been popular.
(II) Positive Question Form
1. Will he have been a doctor ?
2. Will she have been happy ?
3. Will they have been angry ?
4. Will Udara have been a teacher ?
5. Will you have been popular ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not ( won’t ) have been a doctor.
2. She won’t have been happy.
3. They won’t have been angry.
4. Udara won’t have been a teacher.
5. You won’t have been popular.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he have been a doctor ?
2. Won’t she have been happy ?
3. Won’t they have been angry ?
4. Won’t Udara have been a teacher ?
5. Won’t you have been popular ?

7) Can be (fjkak mq¿jka&

(I) Positive Form
1. You can be happy.
2. She can be a teacher.
3. They can be angry.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Can you be happy ?
2. Can she be a teacher ?
3. Can they be angry ?
(III) Negative Form
1. You can’t be happy.
2. She can’t be a teacher.
3. They can’t be angry.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Can’t you be happy ?
2. Can’t she be a teacher ?
3. Can’t they be angry ?

8) May / might be (fjkak bv ;sfhkjd&

1. He may be a thief.
2. She may be happy.
3. You might be angry.
4. He might be tired.
5. They might be popular.

9) Should / ought to be (fjkjd kï$ fyd|hs /ksjeroshs &

1. You should be honest.
2. They should be good citizens.
3. She should be obedient.
4. I should be a member.
5. We ought to be careful.
6. You should be sensitive.

10) Must be (úh hq;=hs&

1. You must be honest.
2. You must be careful.
3. He must be sensitive.
4. You must be a member.
5. It must be a temple.
6. We must be grateful.
 There + be
(I) There is / There are ( Present )
(bkakjd$ ;sfhkjd)
1. There is a meeting today.
2. There is a snake in the room.
3. There is an election this year.
4. There are 300 families in our village.
5. There are two houses here.

(II) There was / There were ( Past )

(ysáhd/ ;snqKd)

1. There was a meeting yesterday.

2. There was an election last year.
3. There was a teacher in the class.
4. There were a few mangoes on the tree.
5. There were two girls in the house.

(III) There will be ( Future )

^;sfhaú$ bosú&
1. There will be a meeting tomorrow.
2. There will be people at the park.
3. There will be a discussion with them.

(IV) There has / have been (;sì,d ;sfhkjd$ b|,d ;sfhkjd)

1. There has been a meeting today.
2. There have been a lot of people at the junction.
3. There has been a problem with them.
(V) There had been (;sì,d ;snqKd$ b|,d ;snqKd)
1. There had been a class yesterday.
2. There had been an exam last week
3. There had been a problem in their house.

(VI) There can be (bkak mq¿jka $;sfhkak mq¿jka)

1. There can be an election this year.
2. There can be a class today.
3. There can be a teacher in the class.

(VII) There may / might be (;sfhkak bv ;sfhkjd$ bkak bv ;sfhkjd)

1. There may be a meeting tomorrow.
2. There might be a problem today.
3. There may be a class next week.

(VIII) There should / ought to be (bkak ´fka$ ;sfhkak ´fka)

1. There should be an office room for us.
2. There should be a chairman.
3. There should be two security officers.

(IX) There must be (;sìh hq;=hs$ isáh hq;=hs&

1. There must be a leader in the group.
2. There must be a wash room here.
3. There must be a meeting today.
 Verb ‘ have ’
whs;sj bkakjd$ whs;sj ;sfhkjd
lEu îu .kakjd - have lunch / tea
Have kdkjd / wash odkjd - have a bath / a wash / a shower
/iaùula $mdáhla .kakjd - have a meeting / party
fldkafv $ /õ, lmkjd have a hair cut / a shave

The principal parts of verb ‘ have ’

Infinitive Present Past Simple Past ‘ ing ’ Form

Simple Participle
have has / have had had having

1) Present Simple Tense ( has / have )

(I) Positive Form

1. He has a car.
2. She has a brother.
3. You have lunch at 1.00
4. They have a party at the weekend.
5. Udara has a haircut every month.

(II) Positive Question

1. Does he have a car ?
Has he a car ? (less common)
 2. Does she have a brother ?
Has she a brother ?(less common)
3. Do you have lunch at 1.00 ?
4. Do you have a party at the weekend ?
5. Does Udara have a haircut every month ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He does not (doesn’t) have a car.
2. She doesn’t have a brother.
3. You don’t have lunch at 1.00
4. They don’t have a party at the weekend.
5. Udara doesn’t have a haircut every month.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Doesn’t he have a car ?
2. Doesn’t she have a brother ?
3. Don’t you have lunch at 1.00 ?
4. Don’t you have a party at the weekend ?
5. Doesn’t Udara have a haircut every month ?

2) Past Tense ( had )

(I) Positive Form
1. He had a house.
2. You had a problem.
3. They had lunch.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Did he have a house ?
2. Did you have a problem ?
3. Did they have lunch ?
 4. Had you a car ? (less common )

(III) Negative Form

1. He didn’t have a house.
2. You didn’t have a problem.
3. They didn’t have lunch.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Didn’t he have a house ?
2. Didn’t you have a problem ?
3. Didn’t they have lunch ?

3) Future Tense ( will have )

(I) Positive Form
1. He will have a bath in the evening.
2. You will have a lot of problems.
3. She will have a meeting tomorrow.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he have a bath in the evening ?
2. Will you have a lot of problems ?
3. Will she have a meeting tomorrow ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not (won’t) have a bath in the evening.
2. You won’t have a lot of problems.
3. She won’t have a meeting tomorrow.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he have a bath in the evening ?
 2. Won’t you have a lot of problems ?
3. Won’t she have a meeting tomorrow ?

4) Present Continuous Tense ( am / is / are having )

(I) Positive Form
1. He is having a bath now.
2. She is having lunch.
3. They are having a meeting tomorrow.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Is he having a bath now ?
2. Is she having lunch ?
3. Are they having a meeting tomorrow ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He is not (isn’t) having a bath now.
2. She is not (isn’t) having lunch.
3. They are not (aren’t) having a meeting tomorrow

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Isn’t he having a bath now ?
2. Isn’t she having lunch ?
3. Aren’t they having a meeting tomorrow ?

5) Past Continuous Tense (was / were having)

(I) Positive Form
1. He was having breakfast.
2. You were having some problems.
3. They were having a meeting.
(II) Positive Question Form
1. Was he having breakfast ?
2. Were you having some problems ?
3. Were they having a meeting ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He was not (wasn’t) having breakfast.
2. You were not |(weren’t) having some problems.
3. They were not (weren’t) having a meeting.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Wasn’t he having breakfast ?
2. Weren’t you having some problems ?
3. Weren’t they having a meeting ?

6) Future continuous Tense (will / shall be having)

(I) Positive Form
1. He will be having breakfast.
2. They will be having a party next week.
3. You will be having a bath in the river.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he be having breakfast ?
2. Will they be having a party next week?
3. Will you be having a bath in the river ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not (won’t) be having breakfast.
2. They won’t be having a party next week.
3. You won’t be having a bath in the river.
(IV) Negative Question Form
1. Won’t he be having breakfast.?
2. Won’t they be having a party next week.?
3. Won’t you be having a bath in the river.?

7) Present Perfect Tense ( has / have had )

(I) Positive Form
1. He has had a car.
2. They have had a meeting.
3. You have had lunch.
4. Udara has had a problem.
5. They have had a bath.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Has he had a car ?
2. Have they had a meeting ?
3. Have you had lunch ?
4. Has Udara had a problem ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He has not (hasn’t) had a car.
2. They have not (haven’t) had a meeting.
3. You haven’t had lunch.
4. Udara hasn’t had a problem.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hasn’t he had a car ?
2. Haven’t they had a meeting ?
3. Haven’t you had lunch ?
4. Hasn’t Udara had a problem ?
 8) Past Perfect Tense (had had )
(I) Positive Form
1. He had had a bath.
2. You had had lunch.
3. She had had an affair.
4. He had had a meeting.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Had he had a bath ?
2. Had you had lunch ?
3. Had she had an affair ?
4. Had they had a meeting ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He had not (hadn’t) had a bath.
2. You hadn’t had lunch.
3. She hadn’t had an affair.
4. He hadn’t had a meeting

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hadn’t he had a bath ?
2. Hadn’t you had lunch ?
3. Hadn’t she had an affair ?
4. Hadn’t they had a meeting ?

9) Future Perfect Tense (will have had)

(I) Positive Form
1. He will have had lunch.
2. They will have had a meeting.
3. You will have had a cup of tea.
(II) Positive Question Form
1. Will he have had lunch ?
2. Will they have had a meeting ?
3. Will you have had a cup of tea.?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not (won’t) have had lunch.
2. They won’t have had a meeting.
3. You won’t have had a cup of tea.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he have had lunch ?
2. Won’t they have had a meeting ?
3. Won’t you have had a cup of tea ?
 Verb ‘ do ’
The principal parts of verb ‘ do ’

Infinitive Present Past Simple Past ‘ ing ’ Form

Simple Participle
do do / does did done doing

1) Simple Present Tense (lrkjd)

(I) Positive Form
1. He does homework.
2. She does exercises.
3. They do taxes.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Does he do homework ?
2. Does she do exercises ?
3. Do they do taxes ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He does not (doesn’t) do homework.
2. She doesn’t do exercises.
3. They do not (don’t) do taxes.
(IV) Negative Question Form
1. Doesn’t he do homework ?
2. Doesn’t she do exercises ?
3. Don’t they do taxes ?

2) Past Tense (l<d)

(I) Positive Form
1. He did homework.
2. She did exercises.
3. They did many things.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Did you do homework ?

2. Did she do exercises ?
3. Did they do many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He did not (didn’t) do homework.

2. She didn’t do exercises.
3. They didn’t do many things.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Didn’t you do homework ?

2. Didn’t she do exercises ?
3. Didn’t they do many things ?

3) Future Tense (lrdù)

(I) Positive Form
1. He will do homework.
2. She will do exercises.
3. They will do many things.
(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he do homework ?
2. Will she do exercises ?
3. Will they do many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not (won’t) do homework

2. She won’t do exercises
3. They won’t do many things

(V) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he do homework ?
2. Won’t she do exercises ?
3. Won’t they do many things ?

4) Present Continuous Tense (lr lr bkafka)

(I) Positive Form
1. He is doing homework.
2. She is doing exercises.
3. They are doing many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Is he doing homework ?
2. Is she doing exercises ?
3. Are they doing many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He isn’t doing homework.
2. She isn’t doing exercises.
3. They aren’t doing many things.
(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Isn’t he doing homework ?

2. Isn’t she doing exercises ?
3. Aren’t they doing many things ?

5) Past Continuous Tense (lr lr isgshd )

(I) Positive Form
1. He was doing homework.
2. She was doing exercises.
3. They were doing many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Was he doing homework ?

2. Was she doing exercises ?
3. Were they doing many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He wasn’t doing homework.

2. She wasn’t doing exercises.
3. They weren’t doing many things

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Wasn’t he doing homework ?

2. Wasn’t she doing exercises ?
3. Weren’t they doing many things ?

6) Future Continuous Tense (lr lr boSjs ) a

(I) Positive Form
1. He will be doing homework.
 2. She will be doing exercises.
3. They will be doing many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he be doing homework ?

2. Will she be doing exercises ?
3. Will they be doing many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He will not (won’t) be doing homework.

2. She won’t be doing exercises.
3. They won’t be doing many things

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he be doing homework ?

2. Won’t she be doing exercises ?
3. Won’t they be doing many things ?

7) Present Perfect Tense (lr lr bo,d ;sfhkjd)

(I) Positive Form
1. He has done homework.
2. She has done exercises.
3. They have done many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Has he done homework ?

2. Has she done exercises ?
3. Have they done many things ?
(III) Negative Form

1. He hasn’t done homework.

2. She hasn’t done exercises.
3. They haven’t done many things

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hasn’t he done homework ?

2. Hasn’t she done exercises ?
3. Haven’t they done many things ?

8) Past Perfect Tense (lr lr bo,d ;snqKd)

(I) Positive Form
1. He had done homework.
2. She had done exercises.
3. They had done many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Had he done homework ?

2. Had she done exercises ?
3. Had they done many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He had not (hadn’t) done homework.

2. She hadn’t done exercises.
3. They hadn’t done many things.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hadn’t he done homework ?
2. Hadn’t she done exercises ?
3. Hadn’t they done many things ?
 9) Future Perfect Tense (lr lr bo,d ;sfhajs)
(I) Positive Form
1. He will have done homework.
2. She will have done exercises.
3. They will have done many things

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Will he have done homework ?
2. Will she have done exercises ?
3. Will they have done many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He won’t have done homework.
2. She won’t have done exercises.
3. They won’t have done many things

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Won’t he have done homework ?
2. Won’t she have done exercises ?
3. Won’t they have done many things ?

10) Present Perfect Continuous Tense(lr lr bo,d

;sfhkjd)

(I) Positive Form

1. He has been doing homework since morning.
2. She has been doing exercises since last week.
3. They have been doing many things for some time.
(II) Positive Question Form

1. Has he been doing homework since morning?

2. Has she been doing exercises since last week. ?
3. Have they been doing many things for some time ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He has not (hasn’t) been doing homework since morning.

2. She hasn’t been doing exercises since last week..
3. They haven’t been doing many things for some time.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hasn’t he been doing homework ?

2. Hasn’t she been doing exercises since last week ?
3. Haven’t they been doing many things for some time?

11) Past Perfect Continuous Tense (lr lr bo,d ;snqKd)

(I) Positive Form
1. He had been doing homework.
2. She had been doing exercises.
3. They had been doing many things.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Had he been doing homework?

2. Had she been doing exercises?
3. Had they been doing many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He had not (hadn’t) been doing homework.
2. She hadn’t been doing exercises.
3. They hadn’t been doing many things for some time.
(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Hadn’t he been doing homework ?

2. Hadn’t she been doing exercises ?
3. Hadn’t they been doing many things ?

12) Can do (lrkak mq,j

q ka)
(I) Positive Form
1. He can do homework.
2. She can do exercises
3. You can do many things.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Can he do homework ?
2. Can she do exercises ?
3. Can they do many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He cannot (can’t) do homework.

2. She can’t do exercises
3. You can’t do many things.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Can’t he do homework ?
2. Can’t she do exercises ?
3. Can’t they do many things ?
 13) Could do(lrkak mq,qjka jqKd)
(II) Positive Form
1. He could do homework.
2. She could do exercises
3. You could do many things.

(II) Positive Question Form

1. Could he do homework ?
2. Could she do exercises ?
3. Could they do many things ?

(III) Negative Form

1. He could not (couldn’t) do homework.

2. She couldn’t do exercises
3. You couldn’t do many things.

(IV) Negative Question Form

1. Couldn’t he do homework ?
2. Couldn’t she do exercises ?
3. Couldn’t they do many things ?

14) May / might do(lrkak bv ;sfhkjd)

1. He may do homework.
2. They might do many things.
3. You may do exercises.

15) Should / ought to do(lrkjdkua fydohs ksjeroSs)

1. He should do homework.
2. They ought to do many things.
3. You should do exercises.
 16) Must do(l< hq;=hs )
1. He must do homework.
2. They must do many things.
3. You must do exercises.