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    The document discusses key features of life on land and in forests. It describes the variable conditions found on land including access to light, water, weather, and different substrates. It also explains how organisms have adapted to these conditions through traits like thick fur and storing water. The document then covers forests, noting the shade, humidity, wind levels, and layers from litter to tree crowns. It provides examples of both animal and plant life commonly found in forests.

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    The document discusses key features of life on land and in forests. It describes the variable conditions found on land including access to light, water, weather, and different substrates. It also explains how organisms have adapted to these conditions through traits like thick fur and storing water. The document then covers forests, noting the shade, humidity, wind levels, and layers from litter to tree crowns. It provides examples of both animal and plant life commonly found in forests.

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    2 views2 pages

    Exam KL 4

    Uploaded by

    itriconsulting
    The document discusses key features of life on land and in forests. It describes the variable conditions found on land including access to light, water, weather, and different substrates. It also explains how organisms have adapted to these conditions through traits like thick fur and storing water. The document then covers forests, noting the shade, humidity, wind levels, and layers from litter to tree crowns. It provides examples of both animal and plant life commonly found in forests.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 Life on land

    Features/conditions of life on land:

    - Greater access to light than in aquatic environments-Air is less dense than water

    - Access to water is limited

    - Variable weather, rain, snow, hail, wind may occur

    -There are different substrates on land: e.g. soil, ice, sand, rock

    - Large temperature variations: cold at night, warm during the day.

    Living conditions on land are variable.

    For example, we have hot deserts and ice deserts (negative temperature).

    Many organisms adapt to live in certain conditions;

    Seals - have a thick layer of fat to protect them from the cold

    Bears have thick fur

    Plants store water in their leaves and stems

    Gas exchange in plants occurs through the stomata

    Gas exchange in animals/humans e.g. via the lungs

    Mountains

    In mountains, living conditions change with altitude!The higher up in the mountains,


    the colder it gets, the stronger the wind blows and there is less water.

    The highest mountains in Poland are the Tatras.

    Characteristic animals in the Polish mountains are the chamois, marmot, also foxes,
    wolves, bears.

    The division of the environment into natural and artificial:

    Natural environments

    Artificial environments

    Minimal human influence:

    - natural forests- mountain meadows- swamps, wetlandsVery high human influence:

    - orchards- arable fields- meadows-parks


    5 Life in the Forest

    The forest - a predominantly tree-based environment - is home to a large number of


    different organisms

    Forest conditions:

    - Lots of shade (little sunlight) because there are trees and they obscure the sun- High
    humidity

    - Small gusts of wind (because there are trees and they block the wind)

    Layers of the forest from below. 4 layers

    Litter

    - Plant and animal remains, fallen leaves- little light- ants, fungi2. undergrowth

    - little light- no wind

    -high humidity

    - insects, snails, snakes

    3. undergrowth

    - Shrubs and young trees- less light-deer, wild boar, wolves4. tree crowns

    - Lots of light

    - Stronger wind- Low humidity- Birds, squirrelsTypes of forest by tree species

    Deciduous forests

    Coniferous forests

    Mixed forests

    Oak, birch, willow, beech

    Pines, spruces, firs, junipers, larches

    Both deciduous and coniferous trees

    Examples of animals in the forest:Deer, deer, wild boar, hedgehogs, badgers, woodpecker,
    cuckoo, ants, snakes (grass snake)Examples of plants in the forest:

    Pine, spruce, larch, juniper, buckthorn, lily of the valley

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